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Lin W, Li Q, Liu L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Wang F, Xu R, Fan Y, Xing M, Zhou C, Yuan Q. Early infiltrating NKT lymphocytes attenuate bone regeneration through secretion of CXCL2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6343. [PMID: 38758783 PMCID: PMC11100573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Trauma rapidly mobilizes the immune response of surrounding tissues and activates regeneration program. Manipulating immune response to promote tissue regeneration shows a broad application prospect. However, the understanding of bone healing dynamics at cellular level remains limited. Here, we characterize the landscape of immune cells after alveolar bone injury and reveal a pivotal role of infiltrating natural killer T (NKT) cells. We observe a rapid increase in NKT cells after injury, which inhibit osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and impair alveolar bone healing. Cxcl2 is up-regulated in NKT cells after injury. Systemic administration of CXCL2-neutralizing antibody or genetic deletion of Cxcl2 improves the bone healing process. In addition, we fabricate a gelatin-based porous hydrogel to deliver NK1.1 depletion antibody, which successfully promotes alveolar bone healing. In summary, our study highlights the importance of NKT cells in the early stage of bone healing and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for accelerating bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Mooney AH, Draper SL, Burn OK, Anderson RJ, Compton BJ, Tang C, Farrand KJ, Di Lucia P, Ravà M, Fumagalli V, Giustini L, Bono E, Godfrey DI, Heath WR, Yuan W, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M, Sidney J, Sette A, Gulab SA, Painter GF, Hermans IF. Preclinical evaluation of therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B that stimulate antiviral activities of T cells and NKT cells. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101038. [PMID: 38694959 PMCID: PMC11061331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver diseases resulting from chronic HBV infection are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccines that elicit T-cell responses capable of controlling the virus represent a treatment strategy with potential for long-term effects. Here, we evaluated vaccines that induce the activity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to limit viral replication and license stimulation of conventional antiviral T-cells. Methods Vaccines were prepared by conjugating peptide epitopes to an NKT-cell agonist to promote co-delivery to antigen-presenting cells, encouraging NKT-cell licensing and stimulation of T cells. Activity of the conjugate vaccines was assessed in transgenic mice expressing the complete HBV genome, administered intravenously to maximise access to NKT cell-rich tissues. Results The vaccines induced only limited antiviral activity in unmanipulated transgenic hosts, likely attributable to NKT-cell activation as T-cell tolerance to viral antigens is strong. However, in a model of chronic hepatitis B involving transfer of naive HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cells into the transgenic mice, which typically results in specific T-cell dysfunction without virus control, vaccines containing the targeted HBcAg epitope induced prolonged antiviral activity because of qualitatively improved T-cell stimulation. In a step towards a clinical product, vaccines were prepared using synthetic long peptides covering clusters of known HLA-binding epitopes and shown to be immunogenic in HLA transgenic mice. Predictions based on HLA distribution suggest a product containing three selected SLP-based vaccines could give >90 % worldwide coverage, with an average of 3.38 epitopes targeted per individual. Conclusions The novel vaccines described show promise for further clinical development as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Impact and Implications Although there are effective prophylactic vaccines for HBV infection, it is estimated that 350-400 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B, putting these individuals at significant risk of life-threatening liver diseases. Therapeutic vaccination aimed at activating or boosting HBV-specific T-cell responses holds potential as a strategy for treating chronic infection, but has so far met with limited success. Here, we show that a glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccine designed to coordinate activity of type I NKT cells alongside conventional antiviral T cells has antiviral activity in a mouse model of chronic infection. It is anticipated that a product based on a combination of three such conjugates, each prepared using long peptides covering clusters of known HLA-binding epitopes, could be developed further as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B with broad global HLA coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Mooney
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olivia K. Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chingwen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis V. Chisari
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luca G. Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shivali A. Gulab
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Avalia Immunotherapies Limited, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Koh J, Woo YD, Yoo HJ, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS, Jung KC, Kim JH, Jeon YK, Kim HY, Chung DH. De novo fatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness. eLife 2023; 12:RP87536. [PMID: 37917548 PMCID: PMC10622147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural-killer T (iNKT) cells play pathogenic roles in allergic asthma in murine models and possibly also humans. While many studies show that the development and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells depend on their metabolic state, the evidence for this in iNKT cells is very limited. It is also not clear whether such metabolic regulation of iNKT cells could participate in their pathogenic activities in asthma. Here, we showed that acetyl-coA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1)-mediated de novo fatty-acid synthesis is required for the survival of iNKT cells and their deleterious functions in allergic asthma. ACC1, which is a key fatty-acid synthesis enzyme, was highly expressed by lung iNKT cells from WT mice that were developing asthma. Cd4-Cre::Acc1fl/fl mice failed to develop OVA-induced and HDM-induced asthma. Moreover, iNKT cell-deficient mice that were reconstituted with ACC1-deficient iNKT cells failed to develop asthma, unlike when WT iNKT cells were transferred. ACC1 deficiency in iNKT cells associated with reduced expression of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, but increased glycolytic capacity that promoted iNKT-cell death. Furthermore, circulating iNKT cells from allergic-asthma patients expressed higher ACC1 and PPARG levels than the corresponding cells from non-allergic-asthma patients and healthy individuals. Thus, de novo fatty-acid synthesis prevents iNKT-cell death via an ACC1-FABP-PPARγ axis, which contributes to their homeostasis and their pathogenic roles in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wu X, Liu J, Li W, Khan MF, Dai H, Tian J, Priya R, Tian DJ, Wu W, Yaacoub A, Gu J, Syed F, Yu CH, Gao X, Yu Q, Xu XM, Brutkiewicz RR. CD1d-dependent neuroinflammation impairs tissue repair and functional recovery following a spinal cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562047. [PMID: 37905092 PMCID: PMC10614755 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage resulting from a spinal cord injury (SCI) is primarily driven by a robust neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response. This intricate process is mainly governed by a multitude of cytokines and cell surface proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the critical components of the neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory response during SCI are still not well-defined. In this study, we investigated the impact of CD1d, an MHC class I-like molecule mostly known for presenting lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells and regulating immune/inflammatory responses, on neuroimmune/neuroinflammatory responses induced by SCI. We observed an increased expression of CD1d on various cell types within the spinal cord, including microglia/macrophages, oligodendrocytes (ODCs), and endothelial cells (DCs), but not on neurons or astrocytes post-SCI. In comparison to wildtype (WT) mice, a T10 contusive SCI in CD1d knockout (CD1dKO or Cd1d -/- ) mice resulted in markedly reduced proinflammatory cytokine release, microglia/macrophage activation and proliferation. Following SCI, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and activation/proliferation of microglia/macrophages were dramatically reduced, while anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and growth factors like VEGF were substantially increased in the spinal cord tissues of CD1dKO mice when compared to WT mice. In the post-acute phase of SCI (day 7 post-SCI), CD1dKO mice had a significantly higher frequency of tissue-repairing macrophages, but not other types of immune cells, in the injured spinal cord tissues compared to WT mice. Moreover, CD1d-deficiency protected spinal cord neuronal cells and tissue, promoting functional recovery after a SCI. However, the neuroinflammation in WT mouse spinal cords was independent of the canonical CD1d/NKT cell axis. Finally, treatment of injured mice with a CD1d-specific monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced neuroprotection and improved functional recovery. Therefore, CD1d promotes the proinflammatory response following a SCI and represents a potential therapeutic target for spinal cord repair. Significance Statement The cell surface molecule, CD1d, is known to be recognized by cells of the immune system. To our knowledge, this is the first observation that the CD1d molecule significantly contributes to neuroinflammation following a spinal cord injury (SCI) in a manner independent of the CD1d/NKT cell axis. This is important, because this work reveals CD1d as a potential therapeutic target following an acute SCI for which there are currently no effective treatments.
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5
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Ganley M, Holz LE, Minnell JJ, de Menezes MN, Burn OK, Poa KCY, Draper SL, English K, Chan STS, Anderson RJ, Compton BJ, Marshall AJ, Cozijnsen A, Chua YC, Ge Z, Farrand KJ, Mamum JC, Xu C, Cockburn IA, Yui K, Bertolino P, Gras S, Le Nours J, Rossjohn J, Fernandez-Ruiz D, McFadden GI, Ackerley DF, Painter GF, Hermans IF, Heath WR. mRNA vaccine against malaria tailored for liver-resident memory T cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1487-1498. [PMID: 37474653 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Following a mosquito bite, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate from skin to liver, where extensive replication occurs, emerging later as merozoites that can infect red blood cells and cause symptoms of disease. As liver tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm cells) have recently been shown to control liver-stage infections, we embarked on a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine strategy to induce liver Trm cells to prevent malaria. Although a standard mRNA vaccine was unable to generate liver Trm or protect against challenge with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites in mice, addition of an agonist that recruits T cell help from type I natural killer T cells under mRNA-vaccination conditions resulted in significant generation of liver Trm cells and effective protection. Moreover, whereas previous exposure of mice to blood-stage infection impaired traditional vaccines based on attenuated sporozoites, mRNA vaccination was unaffected, underlining the potential for such a rational mRNA-based strategy in malaria-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Ganley
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren E Holz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Maria N de Menezes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kean Chan Yew Poa
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah L Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Kieran English
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susanna T S Chan
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Regan J Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Anton Cozijnsen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Cheng Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Ge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John C Mamum
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Calvin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Shionogi Global Infectious Diseases Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey I McFadden
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David F Ackerley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Luo J, Chen Z, Castellano D, Bao B, Han W, Li J, Kim G, An D, Lu W, Wu C. Lipids regulate peripheral serotonin release via gut CD1d. Immunity 2023; 56:1533-1547.e7. [PMID: 37354904 PMCID: PMC10527042 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between the immune and neuroendocrine systems is critical for intestinal homeostasis and gut-brain communications. However, it remains unclear how immune cells participate in gut sensation of hormones and neurotransmitters release in response to environmental cues, such as self-lipids and microbial lipids. We show here that lipid-mediated engagement of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells with enterochromaffin (EC) cells, a subset of intestinal epithelial cells, promoted peripheral serotonin (5-HT) release via a CD1d-dependent manner, regulating gut motility and hemostasis. We also demonstrated that inhibitory sphingolipids from symbiotic microbe Bacteroides fragilis represses 5-HT release. Mechanistically, CD1d ligation on EC cells transduced a signal and restrained potassium conductance through activation of protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2, leading to calcium influx and 5-HT secretion. Together, our data reveal that by engaging with iNKT cells, gut chemosensory cells selectively perceive lipid antigens via CD1d to control 5-HT release, modulating intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Castellano
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenyan Han
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Iwanami N, Richter AS, Sikora K, Boehm T. Tnpo3 controls splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding the canonical TCR α chain of iNKT cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3645. [PMID: 37339974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells, such as innate natural killer T cells (iNKT) cells, are an important part of vertebrate immune defences. iNKT recognise glycolipids through a T cell receptor (TCR) that is composed of a semi-invariant TCR α chain, paired with a restricted set of TCR β chains. Here, we show that splicing of the cognate Trav11-Traj18-Trac pre-mRNA encoding the characteristic Vα14Jα18 variable region of this semi-invariant TCR depends on the presence of Tnpo3. The Tnpo3 gene encodes a nuclear transporter of the β-karyopherin family whose cargo includes various splice regulators. The block of iNKT cell development in the absence of Tnpo3 can be overcome by transgenic provision of a rearranged Trav11-Traj18-Trac cDNA, indicating that Tnpo3 deficiency does not interfere with the development of iNKT cells per se. Our study thus identifies a role for Tnpo3 in regulating the splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding the cognate TCRα chain of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Iwanami
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Andreas S Richter
- Bioinformatics Unit, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Genedata AG, Margarethenstrasse 38, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Sikora
- Bioinformatics Unit, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Bioinformatics Unit, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Riffelmacher T, Paynich Murray M, Wientjens C, Chandra S, Cedillo-Castelán V, Chou TF, McArdle S, Dillingham C, Devereaux J, Nilsen A, Brunel S, Lewinsohn DM, Hasty J, Seumois G, Benedict CA, Vijayanand P, Kronenberg M. Divergent metabolic programmes control two populations of MAIT cells that protect the lung. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:877-891. [PMID: 37231163 PMCID: PMC10264248 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells provide rapid, innate-like responses, they are not pre-set, and memory-like responses have been described for MAIT cells following infections. The importance of metabolism for controlling these responses, however, is unknown. Here, following pulmonary immunization with a Salmonella vaccine strain, mouse MAIT cells expanded as separate CD127-Klrg1+ and CD127+Klrg1- antigen-adapted populations that differed in terms of their transcriptome, function and localization in lung tissue. These populations remained altered from steady state for months as stable, separate MAIT cell lineages with enhanced effector programmes and divergent metabolism. CD127+ MAIT cells engaged in an energetic, mitochondrial metabolic programme, which was critical for their maintenance and IL-17A synthesis. This programme was supported by high fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial oxidation and relied on highly polarized mitochondria and autophagy. After vaccination, CD127+ MAIT cells protected mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. In contrast, Klrg1+ MAIT cells had dormant but ready-to-respond mitochondria and depended instead on Hif1a-driven glycolysis to survive and produce IFN-γ. They responded antigen independently and participated in protection from influenza virus. These metabolic dependencies may enable tuning of memory-like MAIT cell responses for vaccination and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Riffelmacher
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron Nilsen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Simon Brunel
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Saavedra-Avila NA, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Howell AR, Porcelli SA. A humanized mouse model for in vivo evaluation of invariant Natural Killer T cell responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011209. [PMID: 36263021 PMCID: PMC9574442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate immune responses when stimulated by glycolipid agonists presented by CD1d. In extensive studies of synthetic analogues of α-galactosyl ceramides, we identified numerous examples of significant differences in the recognition of specific glycolipids in wild type mice versus human iNKT cell clones or PBMC samples. To predict human iNKT cell responses more accurately in a mouse model, we derived a mouse line in which compound genetic modifications were used to express a human-like iNKT cell TCR along with human CD1d in place of the endogenous mouse proteins. Detailed transcriptional and phenotypic profiling demonstrated that these partially humanized mice developed an expanded population of T cells recognizing CD1d-presented glycolipid antigens, among which a subset characterized by expression of chemokine receptor CXCR6 had features characteristic of authentic iNKT cells. Responses to iNKT cell activating glycolipids in these mice generated cytokine production in vitro and in vivo that showed a pattern of fine specificity that closely resembled that of cultured human iNKT cell clones. Anti-tumor responses to variants of α-galactosyl ceramide in VαKI mice also correlated with their potency for stimulating human iNKT cells. This genetically modified mouse line provides a practical model for human presentation and recognition of iNKT cell activators in the context of a normally functioning immune system, and may furnish valuable opportunities for preclinical evaluation of iNKT cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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10
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Clonal dynamics underlying the skewed CD4/CD8 ratio of mouse thymocytes revealed by TCR-independent barcoding. Commun Biol 2022; 5:911. [PMID: 36064961 PMCID: PMC9445074 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell differentiation in the thymus generates CD4+ helper and cytotoxic CD8+ cells as the two principal T cell lineages. Curiously, at the end of this complex selection process, CD4+ cells invariably outnumber CD8+ cells. Here, we examine the dynamics of repertoire formation and the emergence of the skewed CD4/CD8 ratio using high-resolution endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 barcoding that indelibly marks immature T cells at the DN2/DN3 pre-TCR stage. In wild-type mice, greater clone size of CD4+ cells and an intrinsically greater probability of Tcr β clonotypes for pMHCII interactions are major contributors to the skewed CD4/CD8 ratio. Clonal perturbations of thymocyte differentiation following the precocious expression of a rearranged iNKT invariant TCR α chain are due to loss of Tcr β clonotypes from the CD4 lineage-committed pre-selection repertoire. The present barcoding scheme offers a novel means to examine the clonal dynamics of lymphocyte differentiation orthogonal to that using TCR clonotypes. CRSIPR-mediated barcoding of pre-TCR-expressing T cells is used to investigate the clonal dynamics of thymic T cells and reveals new fundamental understanding of how the skewed CD4/CD8 ratio arises during thymic selection.
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11
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Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S. Roles and therapeutic potential of CD1d-Restricted NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979370. [PMID: 36119077 PMCID: PMC9478174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides. Due to their immunoregulatory properties, extensive work has been done to elucidate the immune functions of NKT cells in various immune contexts such as autoimmunity for more than two decades. In addition, as research on barrier immunity such as the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue has flourished in recent years, the role of NKT cells to immunity in the skin has attracted substantial attention. Here, we review the contributions of NKT cells to regulating skin inflammation and discuss the factors that can modulate the functions of NKT cells in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis. This mini-review article will mainly focus on CD1d-dependent NKT cells and their therapeutic potential in skin-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seokmann Hong,
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12
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Prasit KK, Ferrer-Font L, Burn OK, Anderson RJ, Compton BJ, Schmidt AJ, Mayer JU, Chen CJJ, Dasyam N, Ritchie DS, Godfrey DI, Mattarollo SR, Dundar PR, Painter GF, Hermans IF. Intratumoural administration of an NKT cell agonist with CpG promotes NKT cell infiltration associated with an enhanced antitumour response and abscopal effect. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2081009. [PMID: 35712122 PMCID: PMC9196710 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoural administration of unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs (CpG) to stimulate toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 has been shown to induce tumour regression in preclinical studies and some efficacy in the clinic. Because activated natural killer T (NKT) cells can cooperate with pattern-recognition via TLRs to improve adaptive immune responses, we assessed the impact of combining a repeated dosing regimen of intratumoural CpG with a single intratumoural dose of the NKT cell agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). The combination was superior to CpG alone at inducing regression of established tumours in several murine tumour models, primarily mediated by CD8+ T cells. An antitumour effect on distant untreated tumours (abscopal effect) was reliant on sustained activity of NKT cells and was associated with infiltration of KLRG1+ NKT cells in tumours and draining lymph nodes at both injected and untreated distant sites. Cytometric analysis pointed to increased exposure to type I interferon (IFN) affecting many immune cell types in the tumour and lymphoid organs. Accordingly, antitumour activity was lost in animals in which dendritic cells (DCs) were incapable of signaling through the type I IFN receptor. Studies in conditional ablation models showed that conventional type 1 DCs and plasmacytoid DCs were required for the response. In tumour models where the combined treatment was less effective, the addition of tumour-antigen derived peptide, preferably conjugated to α-GalCer, significantly enhanced the antitumour response. The combination of TLR ligation, NKT cell agonism, and peptide delivery could therefore be adapted to induce responses to both known and unknown antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kef K Prasit
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Ferrer-Font
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.,Hugh Green Cytometry Centre, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Regan J Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Alfonso J Schmidt
- Hugh Green Cytometry Centre, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Chun-Jen J Chen
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David S Ritchie
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Rod Dundar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Zhang H, Zhu Z, Modrak S, Little A. Tissue-Resident Memory CD4 + T Cells Play a Dominant Role in the Initiation of Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2837-2846. [PMID: 35589124 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunology has been studied extensively. Tumor immunology-based cancer immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches for cancer treatment. However, one of the fundamental aspects of tumor immunology-the initiation of antitumor immunity-is not fully understood. Compared to that of CD8+ T cells, the effect of CD4+ T cells on antitumor immunity has not been fully appreciated. Using a gene knockout mouse model, the mice of which are deficient in the TCRα repertoire, specifically lacking invariant NKT and mucosal-associated invariant T cells, we found that the deficiency in TCRα repertoire diversity did not affect the antitumor immunity, at least to B16BL6 melanoma and EO771 breast cancer. However, after acquiring thymocytes or splenocytes from wild-type mice, these knockout mice exhibited greatly enhanced and long-lasting antitumor immunity. This enhanced antitumor immunity depended on CD4+ T cells, especially CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, but not invariant NKT or CD8+ T cells. We also present evidence that CD4+ TRM cells initiate antitumor immunity through IFN-γ, and the process is dependent on NK cells. The CD4+ TRM/NK axis appears to control tumor formation and development by eliminating tumor cells and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CD4+ TRM cells play a dominant role in the initiation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Samantha Modrak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Alex Little
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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14
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Nelson A, Gebremeskel S, Lichty BD, Johnston B. Natural killer T cell immunotherapy combined with IL-15-expressing oncolytic virotherapy and PD-1 blockade mediates pancreatic tumor regression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003923. [PMID: 35246474 PMCID: PMC8900046 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death, with a 5-year -year survival rate of less than 10%. This results from late detection, high rates of metastasis, and resistance to standard chemotherapies. Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation are associated with significant morbidity, underscoring the need for novel therapies. Recent clinical studies have shown that immunotherapies can provide durable outcomes in cancer patients, but successes in pancreatic cancer have been limited. It is likely that novel and combined therapies will be needed to achieve clinical benefits. METHODS Using experimental mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, we examined natural killer T (NKT) cell activation therapy in combination with a recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔM51) engineered to express the cytokine IL-15 (VSV-IL-15). Panc02 pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells were implanted subcutaneously or orthotopically into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Mice were then treated with VSV expressing green fluorescent protein (VSV-GFP) or VSV-IL-15 and/or NKT cell activation therapy via delivery of α-GalCer-loaded DCs. We further assessed whether the addition of PD-1 blockade could increase the therapeutic benefit of our combination treatment. Three days after NKT cell activation, some groups of mice were treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies weekly for 3 weeks. RESULTS VSV-GFP and VSV-IL-15 mediated equal killing of human and mouse pancreatic cancer lines in vitro. In vivo, VSV-IL-15 combined with NKT cell activation therapy to enhance tumor regression and increase survival time over individual treatments, and was also superior to NKT cell therapy combined with VSV-GFP. Enhanced tumor control was associated with increased immune cell infiltration and anti-tumor effector functions (cytotoxicity and cytokine production). While ineffective as a monotherapy, the addition of blocking PD-1 antibodies to the combined protocol sustained immune cell activation and effector functions, resulting in prolonged tumor regression and complete tumor clearance in 20% of mice. Mice who cleared the initial tumor challenge exhibited reduced tumor growth uponon rechallenge, consistent with the formation of immune memory. CONCLUSION TThese results demonstrate that NKT cell immunotherapy combined with oncolytic VSV-IL-15 virotherapy and PD-1 blockade enhances tumor control and presents a promising treatment strategy for targeting pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nelson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Simon Gebremeskel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brian D Lichty
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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15
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Murray MP, Crosby CM, Marcovecchio P, Hartmann N, Chandra S, Zhao M, Khurana A, Zahner SP, Clausen BE, Coleman FT, Mizgerd JP, Mikulski Z, Kronenberg M. Stimulation of a subset of natural killer T cells by CD103 + DC is required for GM-CSF and protection from pneumococcal infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110209. [PMID: 35021099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate-like T cells, including invariant natural killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells, are present in various barrier tissues, including the lung, where they carry out protective responses during infections. Here, we investigate their roles during pulmonary pneumococcal infection. Following infection, innate-like T cells rapidly increase in lung tissue, in part through recruitment, but T cell antigen receptor activation and cytokine production occur mostly in interleukin-17-producing NKT17 and γδ T cells. NKT17 cells are preferentially located within lung tissue prior to infection, as are CD103+ dendritic cells, which are important both for antigen presentation to NKT17 cells and γδ T cell activation. Whereas interleukin-17-producing γδ T cells are numerous, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is exclusive to NKT17 cells and is required for optimal protection. These studies demonstrate how particular cellular interactions and responses of functional subsets of innate-like T cells contribute to protection from pathogenic lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Paynich Murray
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine M Crosby
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nadine Hartmann
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Archana Khurana
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonja P Zahner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Fadie T Coleman
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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α-Galactosylceramide-Reactive NKT Cells Increase IgG1 Class Switch against a Clostridioides difficile Polysaccharide Antigen and Enhance Immunity against a Live Pathogen Challenge. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0043821. [PMID: 34424751 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00438-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All clinical Clostridioides difficile strains identified to date express a surface capsule-like polysaccharide structure known as polysaccharide II (PSII). The PSII antigen is immunogenic and, when conjugated to a protein carrier, induces a protective antibody response in animal models. Given that CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells promote antibody responses, including those against carbohydrates, we tested the hypothesis that immunization with PSII and a CD1d-binding glycolipid adjuvant could lead to enhanced protection against a live C. difficile challenge. We purified PSII from a clinical isolate of C. difficile and immunized B6 mice with PSII alone or PSII plus the CD1d-binding glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GC). PSII-specific IgM and IgG titers were evident in sera from immunized mice. The inclusion of α-GC had a modest influence on isotype switch but increased the IgG1/IgG2c ratio. Enhanced protection against C. difficile disease was achieved by inclusion of the α-GC ligand and was associated with reduced bacterial numbers in fecal pellets. In contrast, NKT-deficient Traj18-/- mice were not protected by the PSII/α-GC immunization modality. Absence of NKT cells similarly had a modest effect on isotype switch, but ratios of IgG1/IgG2c decreased. These results indicate that α-GC-driven NKT cells move the humoral immune response against C. difficile PSII antigen toward Th2-driven IgG1 and may contribute to augmented protection. This study suggests that NKT activation represents a pathway for additional B-cell help that could be used to supplement existing efforts to develop vaccines against polysaccharides derived from C. difficile and other pathogens.
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17
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Arora S, Thompson PJ, Wang Y, Bhattacharyya A, Apostolopoulou H, Hatano R, Naikawadi RP, Shah A, Wolters PJ, Koliwad S, Bhattacharya M, Bhushan A. Invariant Natural Killer T cells coordinate removal of senescent cells. MED 2021; 2:938-950. [PMID: 34617070 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The failure of immune surveillance to remove senescent cells drive age-related diseases. Here, we target an endogenous immune surveillance mechanism that can promote elimination of senescent cells and reverse disease progression. Methods We identify a class of lipid-activated T cells, invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) are involved in the removal of pathologic senescent cells. We use two disease models in which senescent cells accumulate to test whether activation of iNKT cells was sufficient to eliminate senescent cells in vivo. Findings Senescent preadipocytes accumulate in white adipose tissue of chronic high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice, and activation of iNKT cells with the prototypical glycolipid antigen alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) led to a reduction of these cells with improved glucose control. Similarly, senescent cells accumulate within the lungs of mice injured by inhalational bleomycin, and αGalCer-induced activation of iNKT cells greatly limited this accumulation, decreased the lung fibrosis and improved survival. Furthermore, co-culture experiments showed that the preferential cytotoxic activity of iNKT cells to senescent cells is conserved in human cells. Conclusions These results uncover a senolytic capacity of tissue-resident iNKT cells and pave the way for anti-senescence therapies that target these cells and their mechanism of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Arora
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Peter J Thompson
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Yao Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Aritra Bhattacharyya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143.,The Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Hara Apostolopoulou
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Rachel Hatano
- Deciduous Therapeutics, MBC Biolabs, San Francisco, CA, USA 94107
| | - Ram P Naikawadi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Ajit Shah
- Deciduous Therapeutics, MBC Biolabs, San Francisco, CA, USA 94107
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Suneil Koliwad
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
| | - Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143.,The Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA 94143
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, USA 94143
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18
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Victor JR, Lezmi G, Leite-de-Moraes M. New Insights into Asthma Inflammation: Focus on iNKT, MAIT, and γδT Cells. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 59:371-381. [PMID: 32246390 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding of the role of innate-like T (ILT) cells in asthma pathogenesis. These cells constitute a specific family mainly comprising γδT, invariant natural killer (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant (MAIT) T cells. They all share the ability to massively secrete a wide range of cytokines in a T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent or -independent manner. ILT cells are prevalent in mucosal tissues, including airways, where their innate and adaptive immune functions consist primarily in protecting tissue integrity. However, ILT cells may also have detrimental effects leading to asthma symptoms. The immune mechanisms through which this pathogenic effect occurs will be discussed in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Environmental Health, FMU, Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253, INSERM UMR1151, and Université Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253, INSERM UMR1151, and Université Paris Descartes, 75015, Paris, France.
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19
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Baranek T, Lebrigand K, de Amat Herbozo C, Gonzalez L, Bogard G, Dietrich C, Magnone V, Boisseau C, Jouan Y, Trottein F, Si-Tahar M, Leite-de-Moraes M, Mallevaey T, Paget C. High Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis Reveals iNKT Cell Developmental Trajectories and Effector Fate Decision. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108116. [PMID: 32905761 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells represent a unique class of T lymphocytes endowed with potent regulatory and effector immune functions. Although these functions are acquired during thymic ontogeny, the sequence of events that gives rise to discrete effector subsets remains unclear. Using an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis combined with functional assays, we reveal an unappreciated diversity among thymic iNKT cells, especially among iNKT1 cells. Mathematical modeling and biological methods unravel a developmental map whereby iNKT2 cells constitute a transient branching point toward the generation of iNKT1 and iNKT17 cells, which reconciles the two previously proposed models. In addition, we identify the transcription co-factor Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) as a critical cell-intrinsic regulator of iNKT1 specification. Thus, these data illustrate the changing transcriptional network that guides iNKT cell effector fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Kevin Lebrigand
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Loïc Gonzalez
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gemma Bogard
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Céline Dietrich
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Paris, France
| | | | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France; Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 9017, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Université de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christophe Paget
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, Tours, France; Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
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20
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Ose R, Weigmann B, Schuppan D, Waisman A, Saloga J, Bellinghausen I. Depletion of CD56 +CD3 + invariant natural killer T cells prevents allergen-induced inflammation in humanized mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1081-1087.e2. [PMID: 34019913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD56-expressing natural killer (NK) cells as well as invariant NK T (iNKT) cells have been shown to either promote or inhibit allergic immune responses. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of these cells in a recently developed humanized mouse model of allergen-induced IgE-dependent gut and lung inflammation. METHODS Nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency γ-chain knockout mice were injected intraperitoneally with human PBMCs or CD56-depleted (CD56neg) PBMCs from highly sensitized donors with birch or grass pollen allergy together with the respective allergen or with NaCl as a control. Three weeks later, the mice were challenged with the allergen rectally and gut inflammation was monitored by video miniendoscopy and by histology. Furthermore, airway inflammation was measured after an additional intranasal allergen challenge. RESULTS Allergen-specific human IgE in mouse sera, detectable only after coinjection of the respective allergen, was reduced in mice being injected with CD56neg PBMCs compared with in mice receiving nondepleted PBMCs. Consequently, allergen-induced IgE-dependent colitis, airway hyperreactivity, and mucus-producing goblet cells were significantly inhibited in these mice. Interestingly, reconstitution of CD56neg PBMCs with nondepleted CD56+ cells and with CD56+CD3+ iNKT cells restored gut as well as lung inflammation, whereas addition of CD3-depleted CD56+ cells did not. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that allergen-specific gut and lung inflammation in PBMC-engrafted humanized mice is promoted by CD56+CD3+ iNKT cells, which opens new possibilities of therapeutic intervention in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ose
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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21
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Blockade of CD40L inhibits immunogenic maturation of lung dendritic cells: Implications for the role of lung iNKT cells in mouse models of asthma. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:167-185. [PMID: 32229377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) is modulated directly by pathogen components via pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors, but also by signal like CD40 ligand (CD40 L or CD154) mediated by activated T cells. Several reports indicate that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells up-regulate CD40 L upon stimulation and thereby induce activation and maturation of DCs through crosslink with CD40. Our previous findings indicated that iNKT cells promote Th2 cell responses through the induction of immunogenic maturation of lung DCs (LDCs) in the asthmatic murine, but its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of blockade of CD40 L using anti-CD40 L treatment on Th2 cell responses and immunogenic maturation of LDCs, and further analyzed whether these influences of blockade of CD40 L were related to lung iNKT cells using iNKT cell-deficient mice and the combination treatment of specific iNKT cell activation with anti-CD40 L treatment in murine models of asthma. Our findings showed that blockade of CD40 L using anti-CD40 L treatment attenuated Th2 cell responses in wild-type (WT) mice, but not in CD1d-deficient mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or house dust mite (HDM). Meanwhile, blockade of CD40 L down-regulated immunogenic maturation of LDCs in WT mice, but not in CD1d-deficient mice sensitized and challenged with OVA. Additionally, agonistic anti-CD40 treatment reversed the inhibitory effects of anti-CD40 L treatment on Th2 cell responses and LDC activation in an OVA-induced mouse model of asthma. Furthermore, LDCs from asthmatic mice treated with anti-CD40 L could significantly reduce the influence on Th2 cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Finally, α-Galactosylceramide plus anti-CD40 L treatment stimulated lung iNKT cells, but suppressed Th2 cell responses in the asthmatic mice. Taken together, our data raise an evidence that blockade of CD40 L attenuates Th2 cell responses through the inhibition of immunogenic maturation of LDCs, which may be at least partially related to lung iNKT cells in murine models of asthma.
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22
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Hassane M, Jouan Y, Creusat F, Soulard D, Boisseau C, Gonzalez L, Patin EC, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Sirard JC, Faveeuw C, Trottein F, Si-Tahar M, Baranek T, Paget C. Interleukin-7 protects against bacterial respiratory infection by promoting IL-17A-producing innate T-cell response. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:128-139. [PMID: 31628425 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical cytokine in B- and T-lymphocyte development and maturation. Recent evidence suggests that IL-7 is a preferential homeostatic and survival factor for RORγt+ innate T cells such as natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the periphery. Given the important contribution of these populations in antibacterial immunity at barrier sites, we questioned whether IL-7 could be instrumental in boosting the local host immune response against respiratory bacterial infection. By using a cytokine-monoclonal antibody approach, we illustrated a role for topical IL-7 delivery in increasing the pool of RORγt+ IL-17A-producing innate T cells. Prophylactic IL-7 treatment prior to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection led to better bacterial containment, a process associated with increased neutrophilia and that depended on γδT cells and IL-17A. Last, combined delivery of IL-7 and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, conferred an almost total protection in terms of survival, an effect associated with enhanced IL-17 production by innate T cells and neutrophilia. Collectively, we provide a proof of concept that IL-7 enables fine-tuning of innate T- cell functions. This might pave the way for considering IL-7 as an innovative biotherapeutic against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hassane
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Loïc Gonzalez
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel C Patin
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France. .,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
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23
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Khan S, Chan YT, Revelo XS, Winer DA. The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32499756 PMCID: PMC7243349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging represent major health burdens to the global adult population. Both conditions promote the development of associated metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a site that becomes dysfunctional during obesity and aging, and plays a significant role during their pathophysiology. The changes in obese and aging VAT are now recognized to be partly driven by a chronic local inflammatory state, characterized by immune cells that typically adopt an inflammatory phenotype during metabolic disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the immune cell landscape of the VAT during lean, obese, and aged conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss possible linked mechanisms that fuel obesity- and age-associated VAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xavier S. Revelo
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel A. Winer
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24
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Tao H, Li L, Gao Y, Wang Z, Zhong XP. Differential Control of iNKT Cell Effector Lineage Differentiation by the Forkhead Box Protein O1 (Foxo1) Transcription Factor. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2710. [PMID: 31824499 PMCID: PMC6881238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The invariant NKT (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the non-classical MHC like molecule CD1d. They represent an innate T-cell lineage with the ability to rapidly produce a variety of cytokines in response to agonist stimulation to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. In thymus, most iNKT cells complete their maturation and differentiate to multiple effector lineages such as iNKT-1, iNKT-2, and iNKT-17 cells that possess the capability to produce IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17A, respectively, and play distinct roles in immune responses and diseases. Mechanisms that control iNKT lineage fate decisions are still not well understood. Evidence has revealed critical roles of Foxo1 of the forkhead box O1 subfamily of transcription factors in the immune system. However, its role in iNKT cells has been unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that deletion of Foxo1 causes severe decreases of iNKT cell total numbers due to impairment of late but not early iNKT cell development. Deficiency of Foxo1 results in decreases of iNKT-1 but increases of iNKT-17 cells. Our data reveal that Foxo1 controls iNKT effector lineage fate decision by promoting iNKT-1 but suppressing iNKT-17 lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Tao
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics-Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,The Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy Research Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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25
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Martin K, Touil R, Kolb Y, Cvijetic G, Murakami K, Israel L, Duraes F, Buffet D, Glück A, Niwa S, Bigaud M, Junt T, Zamurovic N, Smith P, McCoy KD, Ohashi PS, Bornancin F, Calzascia T. Malt1 Protease Deficiency in Mice Disrupts Immune Homeostasis at Environmental Barriers and Drives Systemic T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2791-2806. [PMID: 31659015 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The paracaspase Malt1 is a key regulator of canonical NF-κB activation downstream of multiple receptors in both immune and nonimmune cells. Genetic disruption of Malt1 protease function in mice and MALT1 mutations in humans results in reduced regulatory T cells and a progressive multiorgan inflammatory pathology. In this study, we evaluated the altered immune homeostasis and autoimmune disease in Malt1 protease-deficient (Malt1PD) mice and the Ags driving disease manifestations. Our data indicate that B cell activation and IgG1/IgE production is triggered by microbial and dietary Ags preferentially in lymphoid organs draining mucosal barriers, likely as a result of dysregulated mucosal immune homeostasis. Conversely, the disease was driven by a polyclonal T cell population directed against self-antigens. Characterization of the Malt1PD T cell compartment revealed expansion of T effector memory cells and concomitant loss of a CD4+ T cell population that phenotypically resembles anergic T cells. Therefore, we propose that the compromised regulatory T cell compartment in Malt1PD animals prevents the efficient maintenance of anergy and supports the progressive expansion of pathogenic, IFN-γ-producing T cells. Overall, our data revealed a crucial role of the Malt1 protease for the maintenance of intestinal and systemic immune homeostasis, which might provide insights into the mechanisms underlying IPEX-related diseases associated with mutations in MALT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kea Martin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ratiba Touil
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yeter Kolb
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grozdan Cvijetic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kiichi Murakami
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Laura Israel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda Duraes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Buffet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anton Glück
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Satoru Niwa
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Zamurovic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philip Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Clinical Research, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Calzascia
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;
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26
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Abstract
NKT cells are a small but influential member of the T cell family, recognizing lipids presented by the non-classical MHC-like molecule CD1d rather than peptides presented by classical MHC molecules. They bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, serving as rapid responders but also allowing the T cell immune system to recognize lipid antigens, for example derived from tumors or bacteria. They also serve as potent regulatory cells, controlling other immune responses. Type I NKT cells use a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) whereas type II use diverse TCRs. Most often, type I NKT cells promote tumor immunity whereas type II tend to suppress it, and the two subtypes crossregulate each other, forming an immunoregulatory axis. Lack of tools to study these important cells has limited the understanding of these, but newer tools have allowed great advances, especially in mouse models. These range from transgenic and knock-out mice to CD1d tetramers carrying ligands for type I or II NKT cells, to antibodies and NKT cell hybridomas. Here we describe these complementary tools and approaches and their use to study NKT cells and their role in the immunology and immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Purevdorj B Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Xie J, Pan Y, Tao H, Wang P, Chen Y, Gao J, Zhong XP. Deficiency of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in TCRJα18 Germline Knockout Mice. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:203-207. [PMID: 31356166 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells account for the major lymphocyte populations that express invariant TCRα-chains. MAIT cells mostly express the TCRVα19-Jα33 TCR in mice and the TCRVα7.2-Jα33 TCR in humans, whereas iNKT cells express the TCRVα14-Jα18 TCR in mice and the TCRVα24-Jα18 TCR in humans. Both MAIT and iNKT cells have the capacity to quickly produce a variety of cytokines in response to agonist stimuli and to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity. The germline TCRJα18 knockout (Traj18-/- ) mice have been used extensively for studying iNKT cells. Although it has been reported that the TCRα repertoire was narrowed and the level of Trav19-ja33 transcript was decreased in this strain of mice, direct assessment of MAIT cells in these mice has not been reported. We demonstrate in this study that this strain of mice is also defective of MAIT T cells, cautioning data interpretation when using this strain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Xie
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yun Pan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huishan Tao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China;
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; .,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and.,Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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28
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Dashtsoodol N, Bortoluzzi S, Schmidt-Supprian M. T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31080448 PMCID: PMC6497757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique ability to promptly secrete copious amounts of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, typically produced by different T helper cell types, iNKT cells are implicated in the regulation of various pathologic conditions such as infection, allergy, autoimmune disease, maintenance of transplantation tolerance, and cancer. This striking multifaceted role in immune regulation is correlated with the presence of multiple functionally distinct iNKT cell subsets that can be distinguished based on the expression of characteristic surface markers and transcription factors. However, to date it, remains largely unresolved how this puzzling diversity of iNKT cell functional subsets emerges and what factors dictate the type of effector cell differentiation during the thymic differentiation considering the mono-specific nature of their T cell receptor (TCR) and their selecting molecule CD1d. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on the role of TCR-mediated signaling and discuss possible mechanisms that may influence the sub-lineage choice of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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29
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Yip KH, Papadopoulos M, Pant H, Tumes DJ. The role of invariant T cells in inflammation of the skin and airways. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:401-410. [PMID: 30989319 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Invariant and semi-invariant T cells are emerging as important regulators of host environment interactions at barrier tissues such as the airway and skin. In contrast to conventional T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express T cell receptors of very limited diversity. iNKT and MAIT cells recognise antigens presented by the MHC class 1-like monomorphic molecules CD1d and MR1, respectively. Both iNKT cells and MAIT cells have been identified in the skin and airways and can rapidly produce cytokines after activation. Numerous studies have implicated iNKT cells in the pathology of both skin and airway disease, but conflicting evidence in human disease means that more studies are necessary to resolve the exact roles of iNKT in inflammation. The functions of MAIT cells in skin and lung inflammation are even less well defined. We herein describe the current literature on iNKT and MAIT cells in allergic and non-allergic skin diseases (dermatitis and psoriasis) and airway diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Ho Yip
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Magdalene Papadopoulos
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Harshita Pant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, The University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan. .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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30
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Godfrey DI, Le Nours J, Andrews DM, Uldrich AP, Rossjohn J. Unconventional T Cell Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunity 2018; 48:453-473. [PMID: 29562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the immunotherapeutic potential of T cells have focused on CD8 and CD4 T cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II molecules, respectively. However, unconventional T cells, which interact with MHC class Ib and MHC-I like molecules, are also implicated in tumor immunity, although their role therein is unclear. These include unconventional T cells targeting MHC class Ib molecules such as HLA-E and its murine ortholog Qa-1b, natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ T cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the roles of these unconventional T cells in tumor immunity and discuss why further studies into the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel M Andrews
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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31
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Ryu S, Park JS, Kim HY, Kim JH. Lipid-Reactive T Cells in Immunological Disorders of the Lung. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2205. [PMID: 30319649 PMCID: PMC6168663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell-mediated immunity in the lungs is critical for prevention of immune-related lung disorders and for host protection from pathogens. While the prevalent view of pulmonary T cell responses is based on peptide recognition by antigen receptors, called T cell receptors (TCR), on the T cell surface in the context of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, novel pathways involving the presentation of lipid antigens by cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) molecules to lipid-reactive T cells are emerging as key players in pulmonary immune system. Whereas, genetic conservation of group II CD1 (CD1d) in mouse and human genomes facilitated numerous in vivo studies of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in lung diseases, the recent development of human CD1-transgenic mice has made it possible to examine the physiological roles of group I CD1 (CD1a-c) molecules in lung immunity. Here, we discuss current understanding of the biology of CD1-reactive T cells with a specific focus on their roles in several pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Nishioka Y, Sonoda T, Shida H, Kusunoki Y, Hattanda F, Tanimura S, Uozumi R, Yamada M, Nishibata Y, Masuda S, Nakazawa D, Tomaru U, Atsumi T, Ishizu A. Detection of Autoreactive Type II NKT Cells: A Pilot Study of Comparison Between Healthy Individuals and Patients with Vasculitis. Cytometry A 2018; 93:1157-1164. [PMID: 30253046 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells are defined as T cells that recognize hydrophobic antigens presented by class I MHC-like molecules, including CD1d. Among CD1d-restricted NKT cells, type I and type II subsets have been noted. CD1d-restricted type I NKT cells are regarded as pro-inflammatory cells in general. On the contrary, accumulated evidence has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory property of CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells. In our earlier study using a rat model with vasculitis, we demonstrated the pro-inflammatory function of CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells and identified that one such cell recognized P518-532 of rat sterol carrier protein 2 (rSCP2518-532 ), which appeared on vascular endothelial cells presented by CD1d. Based on this evidence, we attempted to detect human CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells in peripheral blood using hSCP2518-532 , the human counterpart of rSCP2518-532, together with a CD1d tetramer in flow cytometry. First, we determined the binding of hSCP2518-532 to CD1d. Next, we detected CD3-positive hSCP2518-532 -loaded CD1d (hSCP2518-532 /CD1d) tetramer-binding cells in peripheral blood of healthy donors. The abundance of TGF-β-producing cells rather than TNF-α-producing cells in CD3-positive hSCP2518-532 /CD1d tetramer-binding cells suggests the anti-inflammatory property of SCP2-loaded CD1d (SCP2/CD1d) tetramer-binding type II NKT cells in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we compared cytokine profile between healthy individuals and patients with vasculitis in a pilot study. Interestingly, the percentage of TGF-β-producing cells in SCP2/CD1d tetramer-binding type II NKT cells in vasculitic patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls despite the greater number of these cells. Although further studies to clarify the mechanism and significance of this phenomenon are needed, SCP2/CD1d tetramer-binding type II NKT cells in peripheral blood should be examined in more detail to understand the pathophysiology of vasculitides in humans. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaomi Sonoda
- Undergraduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruki Shida
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shun Tanimura
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Uozumi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishibata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Masuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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33
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Trottein F, Paget C. Natural Killer T Cells and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Lung Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1750. [PMID: 30116242 PMCID: PMC6082944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system has been traditionally divided into two arms called innate and adaptive immunity. Typically, innate immunity refers to rapid defense mechanisms that set in motion within minutes to hours following an insult. Conversely, the adaptive immune response emerges after several days and relies on the innate immune response for its initiation and subsequent outcome. However, the recent discovery of immune cells displaying merged properties indicates that this distinction is not mutually exclusive. These populations that span the innate-adaptive border of immunity comprise, among others, CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells and MR1-restricted mucosal-associated invariant T cells. These cells have the unique ability to swiftly activate in response to non-peptidic antigens through their T cell receptor and/or to activating cytokines in order to modulate many aspects of the immune response. Despite they recirculate all through the body via the bloodstream, these cells mainly establish residency at barrier sites including lungs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge into the biology of these cells during lung (viral and bacterial) infections including activation mechanisms and functions. We also discuss future strategies targeting these cell types to optimize immune responses against respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – CIIL – Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1100, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Tours, France
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34
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Lezmi G, Leite-de-Moraes M. Invariant Natural Killer T and Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Asthmatic Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1766. [PMID: 30105031 PMCID: PMC6077286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the heterogeneity of asthma. Distinct patient phenotypes (symptoms, age at onset, atopy, and lung function) may result from different pathogenic mechanisms, including airway inflammation, remodeling, and immune and metabolic pathways in a specific microbial environment. These features, which define the asthma endotype, may have significant consequences for the development and progression of the disease. Asthma is generally associated with Th2 cells, which produce a panel of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) that act in synergy to drive lung inflammatory responses, mucus secretion, IgE production, and fibrosis, causing the characteristic symptoms of asthma. In addition to conventional CD4+ T lymphocytes, other T-cell types can produce Th2 or Th17 cytokines rapidly. Promising candidate cells for studies of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of asthma are unconventional T lymphocytes, such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the impact of iNKT and MAIT cells on asthmatic inflammation, focusing particularly on pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lezmi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Paris, France
| | - Maria Leite-de-Moraes
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, INEM (Institut Necker-Enfants Malades), CNRS UMR8253 and INSERM UMR1151, Paris, France
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35
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Garner LC, Klenerman P, Provine NM. Insights Into Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cell Biology From Studies of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1478. [PMID: 30013556 PMCID: PMC6036249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells that function at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. They express semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) and recognize unconventional non-peptide ligands bound to the MHC Class I-like molecules MR1 and CD1d, respectively. MAIT cells and iNKT cells exhibit an effector-memory phenotype and are enriched within the liver and at mucosal sites. In humans, MAIT cell frequencies dwarf those of iNKT cells, while in laboratory mouse strains the opposite is true. Upon activation via TCR- or cytokine-dependent pathways, MAIT cells and iNKT cells rapidly produce cytokines and show direct cytotoxic activity. Consequently, they are essential for effective immunity, and alterations in their frequency and function are associated with numerous infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Due to their abundance in mice and the earlier development of reagents, iNKT cells have been more extensively studied than MAIT cells. This has led to the routine use of iNKT cells as a reference population for the study of MAIT cells, and such an approach has proven very fruitful. However, MAIT cells and iNKT cells show important phenotypic, functional, and developmental differences that are often overlooked. With the recent availability of new tools, most importantly MR1 tetramers, it is now possible to directly study MAIT cells to understand their biology. Therefore, it is timely to compare the phenotype, development, and function of MAIT cells and iNKT cells. In this review, we highlight key areas where MAIT cells show similarity or difference to iNKT cells. In addition, we discuss important avenues for future research within the MAIT cell field, especially where comparison to iNKT cells has proven less informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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36
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Krovi SH, Gapin L. Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Subsets-More Than Just Developmental Intermediates. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1393. [PMID: 29973936 PMCID: PMC6019445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a CD1d-restricted T cell population that can respond to lipid antigenic stimulation within minutes by secreting a wide variety of cytokines. This broad functional scope has placed iNKT cells at the frontlines of many kinds of immune responses. Although the diverse functional capacities of iNKT cells have long been acknowledged, only recently have distinct iNKT cell subsets, each with a marked functional predisposition, been appreciated. Furthermore, the subsets can frequently occupy distinct niches in different tissues and sometimes establish long-term tissue residency where they can impact homeostasis and respond quickly when they sense perturbations. In this review, we discuss the developmental origins of the iNKT cell subsets, their localization patterns, and detail what is known about how different subsets specifically influence their surroundings in conditions of steady and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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37
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Ren Y, Sekine-Kondo E, Tateyama M, Kasetthat T, Wongratanacheewin S, Watarai H. New Genetically Manipulated Mice Provide Insights Into the Development and Physiological Functions of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1294. [PMID: 29963043 PMCID: PMC6010523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T cell subset that exhibits characteristics of both innate immune cells and T cells. They express Vα14-Jα18 (Trav11-Traj18) as an invariant chain of the T cell receptor (TCR) and are restricted to the MHC class I-like monomorphic antigen presenting molecule CD1d. iNKT cells are known as immune regulators that bridge the innate and acquired immune systems by rapid and massive production of a wide range of cytokines, which could enable them to participate in immune responses during various disease states. Thus, Traj18-deficient mice, Cd1d-deficient mice, or iNKT cell-overexpressing mice such as iNKT TCRα transgenic mice and iNKT cell cloned mice which contain a Vα14-Jα18 rearrangement in the TCRα locus are useful experimental models for the analysis of iNKT cells in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we describe the pros and cons of the various available genetically manipulated mice and summarize the insights gained from their study, including the possible roles of iNKT cells in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Etsuko Sekine-Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tateyama
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Thitinan Kasetthat
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Satoh M, Iwabuchi K. Role of Natural Killer T Cells in the Development of Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Insights From Recent Progress. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1314. [PMID: 29942311 PMCID: PMC6004523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells play important roles in adipose tissue inflammation, and thus influence the development of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The interactions between cluster of differentiation (CD)1d and NKT T cell receptor are thought to be critical in this process, as demonstrated in two NKT cell-deficient mouse models-systemic CD1d gene knockout (KO) and prototypic Jα18 KO mice. The latter lacks some repertoires besides invariant (i)NKT cells due to manipulation of the Jα18 gene segment; therefore, the role of iNKT vs. variant NKT cells must be reinterpreted considering the availability of new Jα18 KO mice. NKT cells have varied roles in the development of obesity; indeed, studies have reported contradictory results depending on the mouse model, diet, and rearing conditions, all of which could affect the microbiome. In this mini-review, we discuss these points considering recent findings from our laboratory and others as well as the role of NKT cells in the development of obesity and insulin resistance based on data obtained from studies on conditional CD1d1 KO and new Jα18 KO mice generated through gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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39
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de Mingo Pulido Á, de Gregorio E, Chandra S, Colell A, Morales A, Kronenberg M, Marí M. Differential Role of Cathepsins S and B In Hepatic APC-Mediated NKT Cell Activation and Cytokine Secretion. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541077 PMCID: PMC5836516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells exhibit a specific tissue distribution, displaying the liver the highest NKT/conventional T cell ratio. Upon antigen stimulation, NKT cells secrete Th1 cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), and Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 that recruit and activate other innate immune cells to exacerbate inflammatory responses in the liver. Cysteine cathepsins control hepatic inflammation by regulating κB-dependent gene expression. However, the contribution of cysteine cathepsins other than Cathepsin S to NKT cell activation has remained largely unexplored. Here we report that cysteine cathepsins, cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin S (CTSS), regulate different aspects of NKT cell activation. Inhibition of CTSB or CTSS reduced hepatic NKT cell expansion in a mouse model after LPS challenge. By contrast, only CTSS inhibition reduced IFNγ and IL-4 secretion after in vivo α-GalCer administration. Accordingly, in vitro studies reveal that only CTSS was able to control α-GalCer-dependent loading in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), probably due to altered endolysosomal protein degradation. In summary, our study discloses the participation of cysteine cathepsins, CTSB and CTSS, in the activation of NKT cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro de Mingo Pulido
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Subramanian S, Goodspeed L, Wang S, Ding Y, O'Brien KD, Getz GS, Chait A, Reardon CA. Deficiency of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Does Not Protect Against Obesity but Exacerbates Atherosclerosis in Ldlr -/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020510. [PMID: 29419749 PMCID: PMC5855732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory state characterized by altered levels of adipose tissue immune cell populations. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are CD1d restricted lymphocyte subsets that recognize lipid antigens whose level decreases in obese adipose tissue. However, studies in mice with deficiency or increased levels of NKT cells have yielded contradictory results, so the exact role of these cells in obesity and adipose tissue inflammation is not yet established. We previously showed that Ldlr−/− mice with excess invariant NKT (iNKT) cells demonstrate significant weight gain, adiposity, metabolic abnormalities, and atherosclerosis. The current study evaluates the effects of NKT cell deficiency on obesity, associated metabolic changes, and atherosclerosis in Jα18−/−Ldlr−/− (lacking iNKT cells) and Cd1d−/−Ldlr−/− (lacking invariant and type II NKT cells) mice, and control mice were fed an obesogenic diet (high fat, sucrose, cholesterol) for 16 weeks. Contrary to expectations, Ja18−/−Ldlr−/− mice gained significantly more weight than Ldlr−/− or Cd1d−/−Ldlr−/− mice, developed hypertriglyceridemia, and had worsened adipose tissue inflammation. All the mice developed insulin resistance and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Ja18−/−Ldlr−/− mice also had increased atherosclerotic lesion area. Our findings suggest that iNKT cells exacerbates the metabolic, inflammatory, and atherosclerotic features of diet-induced obesity. Further work is required to unravel the paradox of an apparently similar effect of iNKT cell surplus and depletion on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savitha Subramanian
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street Box 35805, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street Box 35805, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Shari Wang
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street Box 35805, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Yilei Ding
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street Box 35805, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Alan Chait
- Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street Box 35805, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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41
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Bennstein SB. Unraveling Natural Killer T-Cells Development. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1950. [PMID: 29375573 PMCID: PMC5767218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T-cells are a subset of innate-like T-cells with the ability to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. There is great interest in harnessing these cells to improve tumor therapy; however, greater understanding of invariant NKT (iNKT) cell biology is needed. The first step is to learn more about NKT development within the thymus. Recent studies suggest lineage separation of murine iNKT cells into iNKT1, iNKT2, and iNKT17 cells instead of shared developmental stages. This review will focus on these new studies and will discuss the evidence for lineage separation in contrast to shared developmental stages. The author will also highlight the classifications of murine iNKT cells according to identified transcription factors and cytokine production, and will discuss transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations, and the role of mammalian target of rapamycin. Finally, the importance of these findings for human cancer therapy will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bianca Bennstein
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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42
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Ware R, Kumar V. Complexity and function of natural killer T cells with potential application to hepatic transplant survival. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:1589-1592. [PMID: 28945950 PMCID: PMC6075735 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major innate-like lymphocyte populations enriched in the liver consists of natural killer T (NKT) cells, which recognize self and foreign lipid antigens presented by the nonpolymorphic class I major histocompatibility complex-like molecule CD1d. NKT cells express natural killer cell markers as well as T cell receptors (TCRs) and can be classified into 2 categories: type I NKT cells use a semi-invariant TCR, whereas type II NKT cells express diverse but still limited TCRs. An emerging body of evidence points to their opposing roles in inflammation, including ischemia/reperfusion injury. Improved understanding of their roles in experimental models as well as in humans and the means by which their function can be manipulated may provide therapeutic benefit in liver diseases and in organ transplantation. Liver Transplantation 23 1589-1592 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randle Ware
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla CA
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43
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McKnight CG, Morris SC, Perkins C, Zhu Z, Hildeman DA, Bendelac A, Finkelman FD. NKT cells contribute to basal IL-4 production but are not required to induce experimental asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188221. [PMID: 29182669 PMCID: PMC5705134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-deficiency results in a selective deletion of NKT cells in mice that is reported to prevent murine allergic airway disease (AAD). Because we find 2–3 fold lower basal IL-4 production in CD1d- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice, we hypothesized that the contribution made by NKT cells to AAD would depend on the strength of the stimulus used to induce the disease. Consequently, we compared CD1d-deficient mice to WT mice in the development of AAD, using several models of disease induction that differed in the type and dose of allergen, the site of sensitization and the duration of immunization. Surprisingly we found equivalent allergic inflammation and airway disease in WT and CD1d- mice in all models investigated. Consistent with this, NKT cells constituted only ~2% of CD4+ T cells in the lungs of mice with AAD, and IL-4-transcribing NKT cells did not expand with disease induction. Concerned that the congenital absence of NKT cells might have caused a compensatory shift within the immune response, we administered an anti-CD1d monoclonal Ab (mAb) to block NKT function before airway treatments, before or after systemic sensitization to antigen. Such Ab treatment did not affect disease severity. We suggest that the differences reported in the literature regarding the significance of NKT cells in the induction of allergic airway disease may have less to do with the methods used to study the disease and more to do with the animals themselves and/or the facilities used to house them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. McKnight
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzanne C. Morris
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charles Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhenqi Zhu
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred D. Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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44
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Ren Y, Sekine-Kondo E, Shibata R, Kato-Itoh M, Umino A, Yanagida A, Satoh M, Inoue K, Yamaguchi T, Mochida K, Nakae S, Van Kaer L, Iwabuchi K, Nakauchi H, Watarai H. A Novel Mouse Model of iNKT Cell-deficiency Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 Reveals a Pathogenic Role of iNKT Cells in Metabolic Disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12765. [PMID: 28986544 PMCID: PMC5630609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells play important roles in immune regulation by bridging the innate and acquired immune systems. The functions of iNKT cells have been investigated in mice lacking the Traj18 gene segment that were generated by traditional embryonic stem cell technology, but these animals contain a biased T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that might affect immune responses. To circumvent this confounding factor, we have generated a new strain of iNKT cell-deficient mice by deleting the Traj18 locus using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and these animals contain an unbiased TCR repertoire. We employed these mice to investigate the contribution of iNKT cells to metabolic disease and found a pathogenic role of these cells in obesity-associated insulin-resistance. The new Traj18-deficient mouse strain will assist in studies of iNKT cell biology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CRISPR-Associated Protein 9/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Loci
- Glucose Intolerance/pathology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Metabolic Diseases/immunology
- Metabolic Diseases/pathology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation/genetics
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Obesity/pathology
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Neurological Institute of Jiangxi Province, Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Etsuko Sekine-Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Shibata
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Kato-Itoh
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Cellulose Production Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Cellulose Production Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kazuya Iwabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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45
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Nair S, Dhodapkar MV. Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1178. [PMID: 29018445 PMCID: PMC5614937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. Following stimulation, NKT cells lead to downstream activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This has impelled the development of NKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for treating cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the stimulatory and regulatory functions of NKT cells in tumor immunity as well as highlight preclinical and clinical studies based on NKT cells. Finally, we discuss future perspectives to better harness the potential of NKT cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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46
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Dhodapkar MV, Kumar V. Type II NKT Cells and Their Emerging Role in Health and Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1015-1021. [PMID: 28115591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells recognize lipid Ags presented by a class I MHC-like molecule CD1d, a member of the CD1 family. Although most initial studies on NKT cells focused on a subset with semi-invariant TCR termed invariant NKT cells, the majority of CD1d-restricted lipid-reactive human T cells express diverse TCRs and are termed type II NKT cells. These cells constitute a distinct population of circulating and tissue-resident effector T cells with immune-regulatory properties. They react to a growing list of self- as well as non-self-lipid ligands, and share some properties with both invariant NKT and conventional T cells. An emerging body of evidence points to their role in the regulation of immunity to pathogens/tumors and in autoimmune/metabolic disorders. An improved understanding of the biology of these cells and the ability to manipulate their function may be of therapeutic benefit in diverse disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510; .,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven CT 06510.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510; and
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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47
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Liu J, Cao X. Cellular and molecular regulation of innate inflammatory responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:711-721. [PMID: 27818489 PMCID: PMC5101451 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate sensing of pathogens by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) plays essential roles in the innate discrimination between self and non-self components, leading to the generation of innate immune defense and inflammatory responses. The initiation, activation and resolution of innate inflammatory response are mediated by a complex network of interactions among the numerous cellular and molecular components of immune and non-immune system. While a controlled and beneficial innate inflammatory response is critical for the elimination of pathogens and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, dysregulated or sustained inflammation leads to pathological conditions such as chronic infection, inflammatory autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the establishment and regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
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48
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Invariant natural killer T cells: front line fighters in the war against pathogenic microbes. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:639-48. [PMID: 27368411 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells constitute a unique subset of innate-like T cells that have been shown to have crucial roles in a variety of immune responses. iNKT cells are characterized by their expression of both NK cell markers and an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α chain, which recognizes glycolipids presented by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. Despite having a limited antigen repertoire, the iNKT cell response can be very complex, and participate in both protective and harmful immune responses. The protective role of these cells against a variety of pathogens has been particularly well documented. Through the use of these pathogen models, our knowledge of the breadth of the iNKT cell response has been expanded. Specific iNKT cell antigens have been isolated from several different bacteria, from which iNKT cells are critical for protection in mouse models. These responses can be generated by direct, CD1d-mediated activation, or indirect, cytokine-mediated activation, or a combination of the two. This can lead to secretion of a variety of different Th1, Th2, or Th17 cytokines, which differentially impact the downstream immune response against these pathogens. This critical role is emphasized by the conservation of these cells between mice and humans, warranting further investigation into how iNKT cells participate in protective immune responses, with the ultimate goal of harnessing their potential for treatment.
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49
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Zhang J, Bedel R, Krovi SH, Tuttle KD, Zhang B, Gross J, Gapin L, Matsuda JL. Mutation of the Traj18 gene segment using TALENs to generate Natural Killer T cell deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27375. [PMID: 27256918 PMCID: PMC4891675 DOI: 10.1038/srep27375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes that have been implicated in both promoting and suppressing a multitude of immune responses. In mice, iNKT cells express T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) comprising a unique TCRα rearrangement between the Trav11 and Traj18 gene segments. When paired with certain Trbv TCRβ chains, these TCRs recognize lipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, CD1d. Until recently, the sole model of iNKT deficiency targeted the Jα18, which is absolutely required to form the TCR with the appropriate antigenic specificity. However, these mice were demonstrated to have a large reduction in TCR repertoire diversity, which could confound results arising from studies using these mice. Here, we have created a new NKT-deficient mouse strain using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology to only disrupt the expression of Jα18, leaving the remaining Jα repertoire unperturbed. We confirm that these mice lack iNKT cells and do not respond to lipid antigen stimulation while the development of conventional T cells, regulatory T cells, and type Ib NKT cells is normal. This new mouse strain will serve as a new model of iNKT cell deficiency to facilitate our understanding of iNKT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Romain Bedel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - S Harsha Krovi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kathryn D Tuttle
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - James Gross
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO 80206, USA.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jennifer L Matsuda
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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50
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Godfrey DI, Uldrich AP, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. The burgeoning family of unconventional T cells. Nat Immunol 2016; 16:1114-23. [PMID: 26482978 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While most studies of T lymphocytes have focused on T cells reactive to complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, many other types of T cells do not fit this paradigm. These include CD1-restricted T cells, MR1-restricted mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells), MHC class Ib-reactive T cells, and γδ T cells. Collectively, these T cells are considered 'unconventional', in part because they can recognize lipids, small-molecule metabolites and specially modified peptides. Unlike MHC-reactive T cells, these apparently disparate T cell types generally show simplified patterns of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression, rapid effector responses and 'public' antigen specificities. Here we review evidence showing that unconventional T cells are an abundant component of the human immune system and discuss the immunotherapeutic potential of these cells and their antigenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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