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Chen L, Tang H, Hu T, Wang J, Ouyang Q, Zhu X, Wang R, Huang W, Huang Z, Chen J. Three Ru(II) complexes modulate the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 to overcome cisplatin resistance. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112666. [PMID: 39029397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Here, we designed, synthesized and characterized three new cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(phen)2(1-(4-Ph-Ph)-IQ)]+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, IQ = isoquinoline, RuIQ9), [Ru(phen)2(1-(4-Ph-Ph)-7-OCH3-IQ)]+ (RuIQ10), and [Ru(phen)2(1-(4-Ph-Ph)-6,7-(OCH3)2-IQ)]+ (RuIQ11). The cytotoxicity experiments conducted on both 2D and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) indicated that complexes RuIQ9-11 exhibited notably higher cytotoxicity against A549 and A549/DDP cells when compared to the ligands and precursor compounds as well as clinical cisplatin. Moreover, the Ru(II) complexes displayed low toxicity when tested on normal HBE cells in vitro and exposed to zebrafish embryos in vivo. In addition, complexes RuIQ9-11 could inhibit A549 and A549/DDP cell migration and proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, and elevating ROS levels to induce apoptosis in these cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that RuIQ9-11 could suppress the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein HO-1 by inhibiting Nrf2 gene transcription in drug-resistant A549/DDP cells. Simultaneously, they inhibited the expression of efflux proteins MRP1 and p-gp in drug-resistant cells, ensuring the accumulation of the complexes within the cells. This led to an increase in intracellular ROS levels in drug-resistant cells, ultimately causing damage and cell death, thus overcoming cisplatin resistance. More importantly, RuIQ11 could effectively inhibit the migration and proliferation of drug-resistant cells within zebrafish, addressing the issue of cisplatin resistance. Accordingly, the prepared Ru(II) complexes possess significant potential for development as highly effective and low-toxicity lung cancer therapeutic agents to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Tianling Hu
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
| | - Jincan Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China.
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2
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Kim B, Park YY, Lee JH. CXCL10 promotes melanoma angiogenesis and tumor growth. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2024; 28:453-465. [PMID: 39268223 PMCID: PMC11391877 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2024.2402024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) in melanoma patients has been found to be associated with melanoma progression. However, the role of endogenous CXCL10 from the host in melanoma tumor growth remains unclear. In the present study, we found that host-derived endogenous CXCL10 production was dramatically augmented during subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma tumor growth and that host ablation of CXCL10 in Cxcl10-/- mice showed a decrease in both angiogenesis and tumor growth of B16F10 melanoma in vivo. Several signaling pathways involved in production of pro-angiogenic factors and tumor growth were activated by CXCL10 in B16F10 melanoma cells. CXCL10 increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor subunit-B (PDGF-B), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and angiopoietin 2 (Angpt2), in B16F10 melanoma cells, resulting in enhanced tube formation and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. In addition, CXCL10 directly enhanced B16F10 melanoma tumor growth in an in vitro three-dimensional cell culture system. Together, our findings reveal that amplified host-derived endogenous CXCL10 is critical for B16F10 melanoma angiogenesis and tumor growth. Therefore, CXCL10 might represent a therapeutic target for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun-Yong Park
- Department of life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Anjum MR, Subramaniam V, Higgins BR, Abrahan C, Chisolm SJ, Krishnaprasad KA, Azie O, Palmer GD, Angelini TE, Sarntinoranont M. Determining Rates of Molecular Secretion from Supernatant Concentration Measurements in a 3D-Bioprinted Human Liver Tissue Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39259932 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The secretion rate of albumin is a key indicator of function in liver tissue models used for hepatotoxicity and pharmacokinetic testing. However, it is not generally clear how to determine molecular secretion rates from measurements of the molecular concentration in supernatant media. Here, we develop computational and analytical models of molecular transport in an experimental system that enable determination of albumin secretion rates based on measurements of albumin concentration in supernatant media. The experimental system is a 3D-bioprinted human liver tissue construct embedded in a 3D culture environment made from packed microgel particles swollen in liquid growth media. The mathematical models reveal that the range of albumin synthesis rates necessary to match experimentally measured albumin concentrations corresponds to reaction-limited conditions, where a steady state of albumin spatial distribution is rapidly reached between media exchanges. Our results show that temporally resolved synthesis rates can be inferred from serial concentration measurements of collected supernatant media. This link is critical to confidently assessing in vitro tissue performance in applications where critical quality attributes must be quantified, like in drug development and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rasheed Anjum
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vignesh Subramaniam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brett R Higgins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Carolina Abrahan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Steven J Chisolm
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - K A Krishnaprasad
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Obiora Azie
- Otomagnetics, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Glyn D Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Thomas E Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Jones C, Martinez-Alonso M, Gagg H, Kirby L, Weinstein JA, Bryant HE. Photostable Iridium(III) Cyclometallated Complex is an Efficient Photosensitizer for Killing Multiple Cancer Cell Lines and 3D Models under Low Doses of Visible Light. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39231957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy delivers more targeted cell killing than classical chemotherapy. It uses light-absorbing compounds, photosensitizers (PSs), to generate lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) at sites of localized irradiation. Transition metal complexes are attractive PSs due to their photostability, visible-light absorption, and high ROS yields. Here, we introduce a low-molecular weight, photostable iridium complex, [Ir(thpy)2(benz)]Cl, 1, that localizes to the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, absorbs visible light, phosphoresces strongly, generates 1O2 with 43% yield, and undergoes cellular elimination after 24 h. 1 shows low dark toxicity and under remarkably low doses (3 min, 20-30 mJ s-1 cm-2) of 405 or 455 nm light, it causes killing of bladder (EJ), malignant melanoma (A375), and oropharyngeal (OPSCC72) cancer cells, with high phototoxic indices > 100-378. 1 is also an efficient PS in 3D melanoma spheroids, with repeated short-time irradiation causing cumulative killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Jones
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Marta Martinez-Alonso
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Hannah Gagg
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
| | - Liam Kirby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Helen E Bryant
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K
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5
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Lin Z, Chen R, Wang J, Zheng Y, He Z, Yan Y, Zhang L, Huang X, Zhang H. Auranofin Suppresses the Growth of Canine Mammary Tumour Cells and Induces Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39221701 DOI: 10.1111/vco.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumour (CMT) is the most common spontaneous tumour in intact female dogs and often exhibits metastases. Auranofin (AF) is a gold complex used for treating rheumatism. The excellent anti-tumour ability of AF has been demonstrated in various types of human and canine tumours. In this study, five CMT cell lines (CIPp, CMT-7364, CHMp, CIPm and CTBp) and three CMT primary cells (G7894, L1883 and L6783) were used to explore the anti-tumour effect of AF on CMT. Two CMT cell lines (CIPp and CMT-7364) were used to search the underlying mechanism of the effect of AF on CMT. The results showed that AF inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and colony formation abilities of CMT cells. Additionally, the growth of CMT in a 3D cell culture model was effectively suppressed by AF. Furthermore, AF induced cell apoptosis of CMT cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, AF effectively induces CMT apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating that AF should be explored as a potential CMT treatment in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zixuan He
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Yan
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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6
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Moragas N, Fernandez-Nogueira P, Recalde-Percaz L, Inman JL, López-Plana A, Bergholtz H, Noguera-Castells A, Del Burgo PJ, Chen X, Sorlie T, Gascón P, Bragado P, Bissell M, Carbó N, Fuster G. The SEMA3F-NRP1/NRP2 axis is a key factor in the acquisition of invasive traits in in situ breast ductal carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:122. [PMID: 39138514 PMCID: PMC11320849 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is urgently needed to identify these preinvasive lesions as distinct clinical entities. Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) is a soluble axonal guidance molecule, and its coreceptors Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and NRP2 are strongly expressed in invasive epithelial BC cells. METHODS We utilized two cell line models to represent the progression from a healthy state to the mild-aggressive or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) stage and, ultimately, to invasive cell lines. Additionally, we employed in vivo models and conducted analyses on patient databases to ensure the translational relevance of our results. RESULTS We revealed SEMA3F as a promoter of invasion during the DCIS-to-invasive ductal carcinoma transition in breast cancer (BC) through the action of NRP1 and NRP2. In epithelial cells, SEMA3F activates epithelialmesenchymal transition, whereas it promotes extracellular matrix degradation and basal membrane and myoepithelial cell layer breakdown. CONCLUSIONS Together with our patient database data, these proof-of-concept results reveal new SEMA3F-mediated mechanisms occurring in the most common preinvasive BC lesion, DCIS, and represent potent and direct activation of its transition to invasion. Moreover, and of clinical and therapeutic relevance, the effects of SEMA3F can be blocked directly through its coreceptors, thus preventing invasion and keeping DCIS lesions in the preinvasive state.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Neuropilin-1/metabolism
- Neuropilin-1/genetics
- Female
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Neuropilin-2/metabolism
- Neuropilin-2/genetics
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Animals
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Mice
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Moragas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Recalde-Percaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jamie L Inman
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna López-Plana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helga Bergholtz
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleix Noguera-Castells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro J Del Burgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xieng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Therese Sorlie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pere Gascón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mina Bissell
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Neus Carbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedicine of the Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Institute of Research and Innovation of Life Sciences and Health, Catalunya Central (IRIS-CC), UVIC-UCC, Vic, Spain.
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7
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Cutrona MB, Wu J, Yang K, Peng J, Chen T. Pancreatic cancer organoid-screening captures personalized sensitivity and chemoresistance suppression upon cytochrome P450 3A5-targeted inhibition. iScience 2024; 27:110289. [PMID: 39055940 PMCID: PMC11269815 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) has been proposed as a predictor of therapy response in subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC). To validate CYP3A5 as a therapeutic target, we developed a high-content image organoid-based screen to quantify the phenotypic responses to the selective inhibition of CYP3A5 enzymatic activity by clobetasol propionate (CBZ), using a cohort of PDAC-derived organoids (PDACOs). The chemoresistance of PDACOs to a panel of standard-of-care drugs, alone or in combination with CBZ, was investigated. PDACO pharmaco-profiling revealed CBZ to have anti-cancer activity that was dependent on the CYP3A5 level. In addition, CBZ restored chemo-vulnerability to cisplatin in a subset of PDACOs. A correlative proteomic analysis established that CBZ caused the suppression of multiple cancer pathways sustained by or associated with a mutant form of p53. Limiting the active pool of CYP3A5 enables targeted and personalized therapy to suppress pro-oncogenic mechanisms that fuel chemoresistance in some PDAC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell B. Cutrona
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Ka Yang
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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8
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. Challenges of Spatially Resolved Metabolism in Cancer Research. Metabolites 2024; 14:383. [PMID: 39057706 PMCID: PMC11278851 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics comprises a critical set of technologies that can be applied to a wide variety of systems, from isolated cells to whole organisms, to define metabolic pathway usage and responses to perturbations such as drugs or mutations, as well as providing the basis for flux analysis. As the diversity of stable isotope-enriched compounds is very high, and with newer approaches to multiplexing, the coverage of metabolism is now very extensive. However, as the complexity of the model increases, including more kinds of interacting cell types and interorgan communication, the analytical complexity also increases. Further, as studies move further into spatially resolved biology, new technical problems have to be overcome owing to the small number of analytes present in the confines of a single cell or cell compartment. Here, we review the overall goals and solutions made possible by stable isotope tracing and their applications to models of increasing complexity. Finally, we discuss progress and outstanding difficulties in high-resolution spatially resolved tracer-based metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (R.M.H.); (T.W.-M.F.)
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9
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Becceneri AB, Martin MT, Graminha AE, Cominetti MR, Ford PC, Santana da Silva R. The effect of light irradiation on a nitro-ruthenium porphyrin complex in the induced death of lung cancer cells in two- and three-dimensional cultures: Insights into the effect of nitric oxide. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11264-11275. [PMID: 38695514 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to find compounds selectively affecting cancer cells while sparing normal ones have continued to grow. Nitric oxide (NO) is critical in physiology and pathology, including cancer. It influences cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The intricate interaction of NO with cancer cells offers innovative treatment possibilities, but its effects can vary by concentration and site. Ruthenium complexes capable of releasing NO upon stimulation show for this purpose. These versatile compounds can also enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT), a light-activated approach, which induces cellular damage. Ruthenium-based photosensitizers (PSs), delivering NO and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), offer a novel strategy for improved cancer treatments. In this study, a nitro-ruthenium porphyrin conjugate: {TPyP[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2]4}(PF6)4, designated RuNO2TPyP, which releases NO upon irradiation, was investigated for its effects on lung cells (non-tumor MRC-5 and tumor A549) in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The findings suggest that this complex has potential for PDT treatment in lung cancer, as it exhibits photocytotoxicity at low concentrations without causing cytotoxicity to normal lung cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with RuNO2TPyP followed by light irradiation (4 J cm-2) can induce apoptosis, generate ROS, promote intracellular NO formation, and has anti-migratory effects. Additionally, the complex can modify tumor cell structures and induce photocytotoxicity and apoptosis in a 3D culture. These outcomes are attributed to the internalization of the complex and its subsequent activation upon light irradiation, resulting in NO release and singlet oxygen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Blanque Becceneri
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Torelli Martin
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Ellen Graminha
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Av. Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-900, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Peter C Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93110-9510, USA
| | - Roberto Santana da Silva
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93110-9510, USA
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10
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Ma G, Braatz D, Tang P, Yang Y, Quaas E, Ludwig K, Ma N, Sun H, Zhong Z, Haag R. Polyglycerol-Shelled Reduction-Sensitive Polymersome for DM1 Delivery to HER-2-Positive Breast Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4440-4448. [PMID: 38907698 PMCID: PMC11238329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular delivery systems with the prolonged circulation, the potential for diverse functionalization, and few toxin-related limitations have been extensively studied. For the present study, we constructed a linear polyglycerol-shelled polymersome attached with the anti-HER-2-antibody trastuzumab. We then covalently loaded the anticancer drug DM1 in the polymersome via dynamic disulfide bonding. The resulted trastuzumab-polymersome-DM1 (Tra-PS-DM1) exhibits a mean size of 95.3 nm and remarkable drug loading efficiency % of 99.3%. In addition to its superior stability, we observed the rapid release of DM1 in a controlled manner under reductive conditions. Compared to the native polymersomes, Tra-PS-DM1 has shown greatly improved cellular uptake and significantly reduced IC50 up to 17-fold among HER-2-positive cancer cells. Moreover, Tra-PS-DM1 demonstrated superb growth inhibition of HER-2-positive tumoroids; specifically, BT474 tumoroids shrunk up to 62% after 12 h treatment. With exceptional stability and targetability, the PG-shelled Tra-PS-DM1 appears as an attractive approach for HER-2-positive tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Ma
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel Braatz
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Peng Tang
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yian Yang
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute
of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum HEREON, Teltow 14513, Germany
| | - Huanli Sun
- Biomedical
Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine
and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical
Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine
and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
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11
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Hilai K, Grubich D, Akrawi M, Zhu H, Zaghloul R, Shi C, Do M, Zhu D, Zhang J. Mechanical evolution of metastatic cancer cells in three-dimensional microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601015. [PMID: 39005477 PMCID: PMC11244934 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cellular biomechanics plays critical roles in cancer metastasis and tumor progression. Existing studies on cancer cell biomechanics are mostly conducted in flat 2D conditions, where cells' behavior can differ considerably from those in 3D physiological environments. Despite great advances in developing 3D in vitro models, probing cellular elasticity in 3D conditions remains a major challenge for existing technologies. In this work, we utilize optical Brillouin microscopy to longitudinally acquire mechanical images of growing cancerous spheroids over the period of eight days. The dense mechanical mapping from Brillouin microscopy enables us to extract spatially resolved and temporally evolving mechanical features that were previously inaccessible. Using an established machine learning algorithm, we demonstrate that incorporating these extracted mechanical features significantly improves the classification accuracy of cancer cells, from 74% to 95%. Building on this finding, we have developed a deep learning pipeline capable of accurately differentiating cancerous spheroids from normal ones solely using Brillouin images, suggesting the mechanical features of cancer cells could potentially serve as a new biomarker in cancer classification and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlin Hilai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Daniil Grubich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Marcus Akrawi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Razanne Zaghloul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Chenjun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Man Do
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Dongxiao Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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Casali BC, Baptista MP, Pachane BC, Cortez AA, Altei WF, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Blockage of αvβ3 integrin in 3D culture of triple-negative breast cancer and endothelial cells inhibits migration and discourages endothelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101686. [PMID: 38524278 PMCID: PMC10957371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a relevant cause of mortality in women and its triple-negative subtype (TNBC) is usually associated with poor prognosis. During tumor progression to metastasis, angiogenesis is triggered by the sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing vessels by a dynamic chain of events including VE-cadherin downregulation, actin protrusion, and integrin-mediated adhesion, allowing for migration and proliferation. The binding of tumoral and tumor-associated stromal cells with the extracellular matrix through integrins mediates angiogenic processes and certain integrin subtypes, such as the αvβ3 integrin, are upregulated in hypoxic TNBC models. Integrin αvβ3 inhibition by the high-affinity binding disintegrin DisBa-01 was previously demonstrated to induce anti-tumoral and anti-angiogenic responses in traditional 2D cell assays. Here, we investigate the effects of integrin αvβ3 blockage in endothelial and TNBC cells by DisBa-01 in 3D cultures under two oxygen conditions (1% and 20%). 3D cultures created using non-adhesive micromolds with Matrigel were submitted to migration assay in Boyden chambers and fluorescence analysis. DisBa-01 inhibited cell migration in normoxia and hypoxia in both MDA-MB-231 and HUVEC spheroids. Protein levels of integrin αvβ3 were overexpressed in HUVEC spheroids compared to MDA-MB-231 spheroids. In HUVEC 3D cultures, sprouting assays in collagen type I were decreased in normoxia upon DisBa-01 treatment, and VE-cadherin levels were diminished in HUVEC spheroids in hypoxia and upon DisBa-01 treatment. In conclusion, the blockage of integrin αvβ3 by DisBa-01 inhibits cell migration in 3D culture and interferes with tumor-derived responses in different oxygen settings, implicating its crucial role in angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carla Casali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pintor Baptista
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Cruz Pachane
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelise Abreu Cortez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Fernanda Altei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Radiation Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
- Center of Molecular Oncology Research, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
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13
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Wu Y, Liu H, Sun Z, Liu J, Li K, Fan R, Dai F, Tang H, Hou Q, Li J, Tang X. The adhesion-GPCR ADGRF5 fuels breast cancer progression by suppressing the MMP8-mediated antitumorigenic effects. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:455. [PMID: 38937435 PMCID: PMC11211477 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ADGRF5 (GPR116) has been identified as a facilitator of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Our current study reveals that the absence of ADGRF5 in breast cancer cells impairs extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated cell motility and impedes in vivo tumor growth. This correlates with heightened expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), a well-characterized antitumorigenic MMP, and a shift in the polarization of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) towards the antitumor N1 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, ADGRF5 inhibits ERK1/2 activity by enhancing RhoA activation, leading to decreased phosphorylation of C/EBPβ at Thr235, hindering its nuclear translocation and subsequent activation. Crucially, two C/EBPβ binding motifs essential for MMP8 transcription are identified within its promoter region. Consequently, ADGRF5 silencing fosters MMP8 expression and CXCL8 secretion, attracting increased infiltration of TANs; simultaneously, MMP8 plays a role in decorin cleavage, which leads to trapped-inactivation of TGF-β in the TME, thereby polarizing TANs towards the antitumor N1 neutrophil phenotype and mitigating TGF-β-enhanced cell motility in breast cancer. Our findings reveal a novel connection between ADGRF5, an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, and the orchestration of the TME, which dictates malignancy progression. Overall, the data underscore ADGRF5 as a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer intervention.
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Grants
- 82372645 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81972602 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002716 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82273497 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81502331 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (grant nos. 2023JJ20021), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (521119200099, 541109030051).
- The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (grant nos.2024JJ6490)
- Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (222300420029), Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (23HASTIT042).
- The Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, (2019KTSCX146), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20190808164209301), the Shenzhen Scientific Research Foundation for Excellent Returned Scholars (000493), the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University General Hospital (SUGH2020QD005), the Disciple gathering teaching project of Shenzhen University, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory Foundation (ZDSYS20200811143757022), the Teaching Reform Research Project of Shenzhen University (YXBJG202339), and the Shenzhen International Cooperation Research Project (GJHZ20220913143004008).
- The Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (YX202105), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2021JJ31010).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Huixia Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jieling Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kai Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ronghui Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fujun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637003, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - JinSong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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14
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Tomić G, Sheridan C, Refermat AY, Baggelaar MP, Sipthorp J, Sudarshan B, Ocasio CA, Suárez-Bonnet A, Priestnall SL, Herbert E, Tate EW, Downward J. Palmitoyl transferase ZDHHC20 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114224. [PMID: 38733589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the defining features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that contributes to poor prognosis. In this study, the palmitoyl transferase ZDHHC20 was identified in an in vivo short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen as critical for metastatic outgrowth, with no effect on proliferation and migration in vitro or primary PDAC growth in mice. This phenotype is abrogated in immunocompromised animals and animals with depleted natural killer (NK) cells, indicating that ZDHHC20 affects the interaction of tumor cells and the innate immune system. Using a chemical genetics platform for ZDHHC20-specific substrate profiling, a number of substrates of this enzyme were identified. These results describe a role for palmitoylation in enabling distant metastasis that could not have been detected using in vitro screening approaches and identify potential effectors through which ZDHHC20 promotes metastasis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Tomić
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Clare Sheridan
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Marc P Baggelaar
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James Sipthorp
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Cory A Ocasio
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simon L Priestnall
- The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Eleanor Herbert
- The Royal Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; Experimental Histopathology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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15
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Goyeneche AA, Lasiste JME, Abdouh M, Bustamante P, Burnier JV, Burnier MN. Delineating three-dimensional behavior of uveal melanoma cells under anchorage independent or dependent conditions. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38783299 PMCID: PMC11118898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is a life-threatening malignancy. Understanding its biology is necessary to improve disease outcome. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture methods have emerged as tools that incorporate physical and spatial cues that better mimic tumor biology and in turn deliver more predictive preclinical data. Herein, we comprehensively characterize UM cells under different 3D culture settings as a suitable model to study tumor cell behavior and therapeutic intervention. METHODS Six UM cell lines were tested in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D-culture conditions. For 3D cultures, we used anchorage-dependent (AD) methods where cells were embedded or seeded on top of basement membrane extracts and anchorage-free (AF) methods where cells were seeded on agarose pre-coated plates, ultra-low attachment plates, and on hanging drops, with or without methylcellulose. Cultures were analyzed for multicellular tumor structures (MCTs) development by phase contrast and confocal imaging, and cell wellbeing was assessed based on viability, membrane integrity, vitality, apoptotic features, and DNA synthesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production was evaluated under hypoxic conditions for cell function analysis. RESULTS UM cells cultured following anchorage-free methods developed MCTs shaped as spheres. Regardless of their sizes and degree of compaction, these spheres displayed an outer ring of viable and proliferating cells, and a core with less proliferating and apoptotic cells. In contrast, UM cells maintained under anchorage-dependent conditions established several morphological adaptations. Some remained isolated and rounded, formed multi-size irregular aggregates, or adopted a 2D-like flat appearance. These cells invariably conserved their metabolic activity and conserved melanocytic markers (i.e., expression of Melan A/Mart-1 and HMB45). Notably, under hypoxia, cells maintained under 3D conditions secrete more VEGF compared to cells cultured under 2D conditions. CONCLUSIONS Under an anchorage-free environment, UM cells form sphere-like MCTs that acquire attributes reminiscent of abnormal vascularized solid tumors. UM cells behavior in anchorage-dependent manner exposed diverse cells populations in response to cues from an enriched extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) environment, highlighting the plasticity of UM cells. This study provides a 3D cell culture platform that is more predictive of the biology of UM. The integration of such platforms to explore mechanisms of ECM-mediated tumor resistance, metastatic abilities, and to test novel therapeutics (i.e., anti-angiogenics and immunomodulators) would benefit UM care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A Goyeneche
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jade M E Lasiste
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Prisca Bustamante
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- The MUHC-McGill University Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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16
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Ramírez-Cuéllar J, Ferrari R, Sanz RT, Valverde-Santiago M, García-García J, Nacht AS, Castillo D, Le Dily F, Neguembor MV, Malatesta M, Bonnin S, Marti-Renom MA, Beato M, Vicent GP. LATS1 controls CTCF chromatin occupancy and hormonal response of 3D-grown breast cancer cells. EMBO J 2024; 43:1770-1798. [PMID: 38565950 PMCID: PMC11066098 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer epigenome has been studied in cells cultured in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, but recent studies highlight the impact of the extracellular matrix and the three-dimensional (3D) environment on multiple cellular functions. Here, we report the physical, biochemical, and genomic differences between T47D breast cancer cells cultured in 2D and as 3D spheroids. Cells within 3D spheroids exhibit a rounder nucleus with less accessible, more compacted chromatin, as well as altered expression of ~2000 genes, the majority of which become repressed. Hi-C analysis reveals that cells in 3D are enriched for regions belonging to the B compartment, have decreased chromatin-bound CTCF and increased fusion of topologically associating domains (TADs). Upregulation of the Hippo pathway in 3D spheroids results in the activation of the LATS1 kinase, which promotes phosphorylation and displacement of CTCF from DNA, thereby likely causing the observed TAD fusions. 3D cells show higher chromatin binding of progesterone receptor (PR), leading to an increase in the number of hormone-regulated genes. This effect is in part mediated by LATS1 activation, which favors cytoplasmic retention of YAP and CTCF removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Ramírez-Cuéllar
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rosario T Sanz
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), C/ Baldiri Reixac, 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Valverde-Santiago
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), C/ Baldiri Reixac, 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith García-García
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), C/ Baldiri Reixac, 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Silvina Nacht
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Castillo
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Francois Le Dily
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Neguembor
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Malatesta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sarah Bonnin
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc A Marti-Renom
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Beato
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo P Vicent
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBMB-CSIC), C/ Baldiri Reixac, 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Cretella M, Fazilati M, Krcic N, Argatov I, Kocherbitov V. Determination of Density of Starch Hydrogel Microspheres from Sedimentation Experiments Using Non-Stokes Drag Coefficient. Gels 2024; 10:277. [PMID: 38667696 PMCID: PMC11049465 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sedimentation is an important property of colloidal systems that should be considered when designing pharmaceutical formulations. In pharmaceutical applications, sedimentation is normally described using Stokes' law, which assumes laminar flow of fluid. In this work we studied swelling and hydration of spherical cross-linked amorphous starch microspheres in pure water, solutions of sodium chloride, and in pH-adjusted aqueous solutions. We demonstrated that Reynolds numbers obtained in these experiments correspond to the transition regime between the laminar flow and the turbulent flow and, hence, expressions based on the non-Stokes drag coefficient should be used for calculations of sedimentation velocity from known density or for assessment of density from observed sedimentation velocity. The density of starch microparticles hydrated in water was about 1050 kg/m3, while densities obtained from experiment with other liquids were dependent on the liquids' densities. The data indicate that the swelling of the cross-linked starch microparticles as characterized by their densities is not sensitive to pH and salt concentration in the studied range of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Cretella
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden (V.K.)
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
- Erasmus Student, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mina Fazilati
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden (V.K.)
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ivan Argatov
- Institut für Mechanik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden (V.K.)
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
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18
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Zhu H, Qu S, Deng Y, Gong M, Xiang Y, Teng Y, Ye D. Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:1643-1649. [PMID: 38091101 PMCID: PMC10942880 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the application of organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It aims to shed light on the current advancements and future potential of organoid technology in these areas, particularly in addressing challenges like hearing loss, cancer research, and organ regeneration. METHODS Review of current literature regrading organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. RESULTS The review highlights several advancements in the field. In otology, the development of organoid replacement therapies offers new avenues for treating hearing loss. In nasal science, the creation of specific organoid models aids in studying nasopharyngeal carcinoma and respiratory viruses. In head and neck surgery, innovative approaches for squamous cell carcinoma prediction and thyroid regeneration using organoids have been developed. CONCLUSION Organoid research in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery is still at an early stage. This review underscores the potential of this technology in advancing our understanding and treatment of various conditions, predicting a transformative impact on future medical practices in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqin Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengdan Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoshu Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Middonti E, Astanina E, Vallariello E, Hoza RM, Metovic J, Spadi R, Cristiano C, Papotti M, Allavena P, Novelli F, Parab S, Cappello P, Scarpa A, Lawlor R, Di Maio M, Arese M, Bussolino F. A neuroligin-2-YAP axis regulates progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1886-1908. [PMID: 38413734 PMCID: PMC11014856 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumor with a dismal prognosis that arises from precursor lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs). Progression from low- to high-grade PanINs is considered as tumor initiation, and a deeper understanding of this switch is needed. Here, we show that synaptic molecule neuroligin-2 (NLGN2) is expressed by pancreatic exocrine cells and plays a crucial role in the regulation of contact inhibition and epithelial polarity, which characterize the switch from low- to high-grade PanIN. NLGN2 localizes to tight junctions in acinar cells, is diffusely distributed in the cytosol in low-grade PanINs and is lost in high-grade PanINs and in a high percentage of advanced PDACs. Mechanistically, NLGN2 is necessary for the formation of the PALS1/PATJ complex, which in turn induces contact inhibition by reducing YAP function. Our results provide novel insights into NLGN2 functions outside the nervous system and can be used to model PanIN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Middonti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vallariello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roxana Maria Hoza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Jasna Metovic
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rosella Spadi
- SC Oncologia Medica, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Carmen Cristiano
- SC Oncologia Medica, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Division of Pathology at Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research Center (ARC-NET), University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita Lawlor
- Applied Research Center (ARC-NET), University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Maio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Arese
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, 10060, Candiolo, Italy.
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20
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Chen X, Ye L, Wang H, Liu X, Zhao L, Xu K, Liu Y, He Y. Promising preclinical models for lung cancer research-lung cancer organoids: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:623-634. [PMID: 38601435 PMCID: PMC11002517 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Traditional cell line models are the commonly used preclinical models for lung cancer research. However, cell lines cannot recapitulate the complex tumor heterogeneity and cannot mimic the microenvironment of human cancer. Recently, 3D multicellular in vitro self-assembled models called "organoids" have been developed at a fast pace in the field of research, which can mimic the actual primary tumor. At present, several studies have reported on protocols of lung cancer organoids (LCOs) generation, and using LCOs can provide novel insight into the basic and translational research of lung cancer. However, the establishment of the LCO models remains challenging due to the complexity of lung cancer and the immaturity of organoid technology, so it is necessary to understand the influences of different methodologies on LCO generation and review the applications and limitations of LCO models. Methods In this review, we searched the literature in the recent ten years in the field of LCOs. Key Content and Findings We summarized the methodology, the problems, and the solutions in the LCOs generation, its application and limitations, as well as proposing future challenges and perspectives. Conclusions Currently, LCOs are successfully generated via exploring the methodology by the researchers. Though there are still challenges in clinical application, LCOs are applied in some cancer studies including investigation of anti-cancer treatment response in vitro, modeling tumor immune microenvironment, and construction of organ chips, which are forging a promising path towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kandi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Liu MM, Feng XL, Qi C, Zhang SE, Zhang GL. The significance of single-cell transcriptome analysis in epididymis research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357370. [PMID: 38577504 PMCID: PMC10991796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As a crucial component of the male reproductive system, the epididymis plays multiple roles, including sperm storage and secretion of nutritive fluids for sperm development and maturation. The acquisition of fertilization capacity by sperm occurs during their transport through the epididymis. Compared with the testis, little has been realized about the importance of the epididymis. However, with the development of molecular biology and single-cell sequencing technology, the importance of the epididymis for male fertility should be reconsidered. Recent studies have revealed that different regions of the epididymis exhibit distinct functions and cell type compositions, which are likely determined by variations in gene expression patterns. In this research, we primarily focused on elucidating the cellular composition and region-specific gene expression patterns within different segments of the epididymis and provided detailed insights into epididymal function in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Lei Feng
- Animal Products Quality and Safety Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Provincial Animal Husbandry Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Er Zhang
- Provincial Animal Husbandry Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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22
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra SK. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic modulations of chromatin: Role of mechanical signals in gene regulation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30531. [PMID: 38345428 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces may be generated within a cell due to tissue stiffness, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the changes (even subtle) in the cell's physical surroundings. These changes of forces impose a mechanical tension within the intracellular protein network (both cytosolic and nuclear). Mechanical tension could be released by a series of protein-protein interactions often facilitated by membrane lipids, lectins and sugar molecules and thus generate a type of signal to drive cellular processes, including cell differentiation, polarity, growth, adhesion, movement, and survival. Recent experimental data have accentuated the molecular mechanism of this mechanical signal transduction pathway, dubbed mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitive proteins in the cell's plasma membrane discern the physical forces and channel the information to the cell interior. Cells respond to the message by altering their cytoskeletal arrangement and directly transmitting the signal to the nucleus through the connection of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton before the information despatched to the nucleus by biochemical signaling pathways. Nuclear transmission of the force leads to the activation of chromatin modifiers and modulation of the epigenetic landscape, inducing chromatin reorganization and gene expression regulation; by the time chemical messengers (transcription factors) arrive into the nucleus. While significant research has been done on the role of mechanotransduction in tumor development and cancer progression/metastasis, the mechanistic basis of force-activated carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Here, in this review, we have discussed the various cues and molecular connections to better comprehend the cellular mechanotransduction pathway, and we also explored the detailed role of some of the multiple players (proteins and macromolecular complexes) involved in mechanotransduction. Thus, we have described an avenue: how mechanical stress directs the epigenetic modifiers to modulate the epigenome of the cells and how aberrant stress leads to the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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23
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Yousafzai NA, El Khalki L, Wang W, Szpendyk J, Sossey-Alaoui K. Advances in 3D Culture Models to Study Exosomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:883. [PMID: 38473244 PMCID: PMC10931050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, exhibits distinct subtypes with varying pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatments, its histological and molecular heterogeneity pose a significant clinical challenge. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutics, adds to the complexity of breast cancer treatment. Recent years have witnessed the development of advanced 3D culture technologies, such as organoids and spheroids, providing more representative models of healthy human tissue and various malignancies. These structures, resembling organs in structure and function, are generated from stem cells or organ-specific progenitor cells via self-organizing processes. Notably, 3D culture systems bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, offering a more accurate representation of in vivo tumors' characteristics. Exosomes, small nano-sized molecules secreted by breast cancer and stromal/cancer-associated fibroblast cells, have garnered significant attention. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The 3D culture environment enhances exosome efficiency compared to traditional 2D cultures, impacting the transfer of specific cargoes and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, 3D exosomes have shown promise in improving therapeutic outcomes, acting as potential vehicles for cancer treatment administration. Studies have demonstrated their role in pro-angiogenesis and their innate therapeutic potential in mimicking cellular therapies without side effects. The 3D exosome model holds potential for addressing challenges associated with drug resistance, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance and serving as a platform for drug screening. This review seeks to emphasize the crucial role of 3D culture systems in studying breast cancer, especially in understanding the involvement of exosomes in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Lamyae El Khalki
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Justin Szpendyk
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
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24
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de la Rosa S, del Mar Rigual M, Vargiu P, Ortega S, Djouder N. Endogenous retroviruses shape pluripotency specification in mouse embryos. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9394. [PMID: 38266080 PMCID: PMC10807815 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The smooth and precise transition from totipotency to pluripotency is a key process in embryonic development, generating pluripotent stem cells capable of forming all cell types. While endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are essential for early development, their precise roles in this transition remains mysterious. Using cutting-edge genetic and biochemical techniques in mice, we identify MERVL-gag, a retroviral protein, as a crucial modulator of pluripotent factors OCT4 and SOX2 during lineage specification. MERVL-gag tightly operates with URI, a prefoldin protein that concurs with pluripotency bias in mouse blastomeres, and which is indeed required for totipotency-to-pluripotency transition. Accordingly, URI loss promotes a stable totipotent-like state and embryo arrest at 2C stage. Mechanistically, URI binds and shields OCT4 and SOX2 from proteasome degradation, while MERVL-gag displaces URI from pluripotent factor interaction, causing their degradation. Our findings reveal the symbiotic coevolution of ERVs with their host cells to ensure the smooth and timely progression of early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de la Rosa
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María del Mar Rigual
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pierfrancesco Vargiu
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Mouse Genome Editing Core Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
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25
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Pollack AS, Kunder CA, Brazer N, Shen Z, Varma S, West RB, Cunha GR, Baskin LS, Brooks JD, Pollack JR. Spatial transcriptomics identifies candidate stromal drivers of benign prostatic hyperplasia. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176479. [PMID: 37971878 PMCID: PMC10906230 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the nodular proliferation of the prostate transition zone in older men, leading to urinary storage and voiding problems that can be recalcitrant to therapy. Decades ago, John McNeal proposed that BPH originates with the "reawakening" of embryonic inductive activity by adult prostate stroma, which spurs new ductal proliferation and branching morphogenesis. Here, by laser microdissection and transcriptional profiling of the BPH stroma adjacent to hyperplastic branching ducts, we identified secreted factors likely mediating stromal induction of prostate glandular epithelium and coinciding processes. The top stromal factors were insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), which we verified by RNA in situ hybridization to be coexpressed in BPH fibroblasts, along with their cognate receptors (IGF1R and CXCR5) on adjacent epithelium. In contrast, IGF1 but not CXCL13 was expressed in human embryonic prostate stroma. Finally, we demonstrated that IGF1 is necessary for the generation of BPH-1 cell spheroids and patient-derived BPH cell organoids in 3D culture. Our findings partially support historic speculations on the etiology of BPH and provide what we believe to be new molecular targets for rational therapies directed against the underlying processes driving BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christian A. Kunder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Noah Brazer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhewei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sushama Varma
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert B. West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gerald R. Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laurence S. Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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26
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Lv J, Du X, Wang M, Su J, Wei Y, Xu C. Construction of tumor organoids and their application to cancer research and therapy. Theranostics 2024; 14:1101-1125. [PMID: 38250041 PMCID: PMC10797287 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a severe public health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hampering effective cancer therapy is that the existing cancer models hardly recapitulate the tumor microenvironment of human patients. Over the past decade, tumor organoids have emerged as an in vitro 3D tumor model to mimic the pathophysiological characteristics of parental tumors. Various techniques have been developed to construct tumor organoids, such as matrix-based methods, hanging drop, spinner or rotating flask, nonadhesive surface, organ-on-a-chip, 3D bioprinting, and genetic engineering. This review elaborated on cell components and fabrication methods for establishing tumor organoid models. Furthermore, we discussed the application of tumor organoids to cancer modeling, basic cancer research, and anticancer therapy. Finally, we discussed current limitations and future directions in employing tumor organoids for more extensive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Biopharma Industry Promotion Center Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200941, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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27
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Verbruggen SW, Nolan J, Duffy MP, Pearce OM, Jacobs CR, Knight MM. A Novel Primary Cilium-Mediated Mechanism Through which Osteocytes Regulate Metastatic Behavior of Both Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305842. [PMID: 37967351 PMCID: PMC10787058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastases are a common cause of suffering in breast and prostate cancer patients, however, the interaction between bone cells and cancer cells is poorly understood. Using a series of co-culture, conditioned media, human cancer spheroid, and organ-on-a-chip experiments, this study reveals that osteocytes suppress cancer cell proliferation and increase migration via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion. This action is regulated by osteocyte primary cilia and associated intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88). Furthermore, it shows that cancer cells block this mechanism by secreting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which disrupts osteocyte cilia and IFT88 gene expression. This bi-directional crosstalk signaling between osteocytes and cancer cells is common to both breast and prostate cancer. This study also proposes that osteocyte inhibition of cancer cell proliferation decreases as cancer cells increase, producing more TGF-β. Hence, a positive feedback loop develops accelerating metastatic tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of cancer cell-osteocyte signaling in regulating breast and prostate bone metastases and support the development of therapies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan W. Verbruggen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
- Centre for Predictive in vitro ModelsQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Joanne Nolan
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
- Barts Cancer InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6AUUK
| | - Michael P. Duffy
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Oliver M.T. Pearce
- Barts Cancer InstituteSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6AUUK
| | - Christopher R. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia University in the City of New YorkNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Martin M. Knight
- Centre for BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS1 3JDUK
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Becceneri AB, Fuzer AM, Lopes AC, da Silva PB, Plutin AM, Batista AA, Chorilli M, Cominetti MR. Nanoencapsulation of Ruthenium Complex Ru(ThySMet): A Strategy to Improve Selective Cytotoxicity against Breast Tumor Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Models. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e060623217687. [PMID: 37282638 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230606110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruthenium complexes have shown promise in treating many cancers, including breast cancer. Previous studies of our group have demonstrated the potential of the trans- [Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethylN'-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6 complex, the Ru(ThySMet), in the treatment of breast tumor cancers, both in 2D and 3D culture systems. Additionally, this complex presented low toxicity when tested in vivo. AIMS Improve the Ru(ThySMet) activity by incorporating the complex into a microemulsion (ME) and testing its in vitro effects. METHODS The ME-incorporated Ru(ThySMet) complex, Ru(ThySMet)ME, was tested for its biological effects in two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures using different types of breast cells, MDAMB- 231, MCF-10A, 4T1.13ch5T1, HMT-3522 and Balb/C 3T3 fibroblasts. RESULTS An increased selective cytotoxicity of the Ru(ThySMet)ME for tumor cells was found in 2D cell culture, compared with the original complex. This novel compound also changed the shape of tumor cells and inhibited cell migration with more specificity. Additional 3D cell culture tests using the non-neoplastic S1 and the triple-negative invasive T4-2 breast cells have shown that Ru(ThySMet)ME presented increased selective cytotoxicity for tumor cells compared with the 2D results. The morphology assay performed in 3D also revealed its ability to reduce the size of the 3D structures and increase the circularity in T4-2 cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the Ru(ThySMet)ME is a promising strategy to increase its solubility, delivery, and bioaccumulation in target breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Blanque Becceneri
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Angelina Maria Fuzer
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lopes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km. 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km. 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Plutin
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Habana. Zapata s/n entre G y Carlitos Aguirre, Habana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Alzir Azevedo Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km. 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos. Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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Crescenzi E, Mellone S, Gragnano G, Iaccarino A, Leonardi A, Pacifico F. NGAL Mediates Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Survival Through FAS/CD95 Inhibition. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad190. [PMID: 38091978 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a siderophore-mediated iron binding protein, is highly expressed in human anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) where it plays pleiotropic protumorigenic roles including that of a prosurvival protein. Here we show that NGAL inhibits FAS/CD95 death receptor to control ATC cell survival. FAS/CD95 expression in human specimens from patients with ATC and in ATC-derived cell lines negatively correlate with NGAL expression. Silencing of NGAL in ATC cells leads to FAS/CD95 upregulation, whereas NGAL overexpression determines the opposite effect. As a result, an agonist anti-FAS/CD95 antibody induces cell death in NGAL-silenced cells while it is ineffective on NGAL-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of NGAL on FAS/CD95 is due to its iron carrier property given that perturbing iron homeostasis of NGAL-proficient and -deficient ATC cells directly influences FAS/CD95 expression. Accordingly, conditioned media containing a mutant form of NGAL unable to bind siderophores cannot rescue cells from FAS/CD95-dependent death, whereas NGAL wild type-containing conditioned media abolish the effects of the agonist antibody. We also find that downregulation of FAS/CD95 expression is mediated by iron-dependent NGAL suppression of p53 transcriptional activity. Our results indicate that NGAL contributes to ATC cell survival by iron-mediated inhibition of p53-dependent FAS/CD95 expression and suggest that restoring FAS/CD95 by NGAL suppression could be a helpful strategy to kill ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Crescenzi
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Mellone
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gragnano
- Dipartimento di Salute Pubblica, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Dipartimento di Salute Pubblica, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pacifico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Xu J, Zhang L, Ye Z, Chang B, Tu Z, Du X, Wen X, Teng Y. A 3D "sandwich" co-culture system with vascular niche supports mouse embryo development from E3.5 to E7.5 in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:349. [PMID: 38072932 PMCID: PMC10712047 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods for ex utero culture systems have been explored. However, limitations remain regarding the in vitro culture platforms used before implanting mouse embryos and the normal development of mouse blastocysts in vitro. Furthermore, vascular niche support during mouse embryo development from embryonic day (E) 3.5 to E7.5 is unknown in vitro. METHODS This study established a three-dimensional (3D) "sandwich" vascular niche culture system with in vitro culture medium (IVCM) using human placenta perivascular stem cells (hPPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) as supportive cells (which were seeded into the bottom layer of Matrigel) to test mouse embryos from E3.5 to E7.5 in vitro. The development rates and greatest diameters of mouse embryos from E3.5 to E7.5 were quantitatively determined using SPSS software statistics. Pluripotent markers and embryo transplantation were used to monitor mouse embryo quality and function in vivo. RESULTS Embryos in the IVCM + Cells (hPPSCs + hUVECs) group showed higher development rates and greater diameters at each stage than those in the IVCM group. Embryos in the IVCM + Cells group cultured to E5.5 morphologically resembled natural egg cylinders and expressed specific embryonic cell markers, including Oct4 and Nanog. These features were similar to those of embryos developed in vivo. After transplantation, the embryos were re-implanted in the internal uterus and continued to develop to a particular stage. CONCLUSIONS The 3D in vitro culture system enabled embryo development from E3.5 to E7.5, and the vascularization microenvironment constructed by Matrigel, hPPSCs, and hUVECs significantly promoted the development of implanted embryos. This system allowed us to further study the physical and molecular mechanisms of embryo implantation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
| | - Linye Zhang
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihui Ye
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binwen Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Tu
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yili Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, Zhejiang, China.
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Uematsu H, Saito C, Kondo J, Onuma K, Coppo R, Mori Y, Muto M, Kikawa Y, Tada M, Sugie T, Inoue M. De-differentiation in cultures of organoids from luminal-type breast cancer is restored by inhibition of NOTCH signaling. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2099-2112. [PMID: 37634223 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer can change during progression and the treatment, but the mechanism has not been well studied. In this study, we successfully prepared organoids from samples obtained from 33 luminal-type breast cancer patients and studied their ER expression. The expression status was well maintained in primary organoids, whereas it decreased after passaging in most of the cases. In fact, the studied organoid lines were classified into those that retained a high level of ER expression (9%), those that completely lost it (9%), and those that repressed it to varying degrees (82%). In some cases, the ER expression was suddenly and drastically decreased after passaging. Marker protein immunohistochemistry revealed that after passaging, the differentiation status shifted from a luminal- to a basal-like status. Differentially expressed genes suggested the activation of NOTCH signaling in the passaged organoids, wherein a NOTCH inhibitor was able to substantially rescue the decreased ER expression and alter the differentiation status. Our findings suggest that the differentiation status of luminal-type cancer cells is quite flexible, and that by inhibiting the NOTCH signaling we can preserve the differentiation status of luminal-type breast cancer organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Uematsu
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
- KBBM Inc, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Chieko Saito
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
- KBBM Inc, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunishige Onuma
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Roberto Coppo
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Manami Tada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Bio-Resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Med-Pharm Collaboration Building 503, Shimoadachi-cho 46-29, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan.
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Xu R, Yin P, Wei J, Ding Q. The role of matrix stiffness in breast cancer progression: a review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1284926. [PMID: 37916166 PMCID: PMC10616305 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1284926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of matrix stiffness in cancer development has been investigated in recent years. The gradual elastic force the extracellular matrix imparts to cells, known as matrix stiffness, is one of the most important types of mechanical stimulation. Increased matrix stiffness alters the biological activity of cells, which promotes the growth of numerous malignancies, including breast cancer. Comprehensive studies have demonstrated that increasing matrix stiffness activates molecular signaling pathways that are closely linked to breast cancer progression. There are many articles exploring the relationship between mechanism hardness and breast cancer, so we wanted to provide a systematic summary of recent research advances. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanism of matrix stiffness in breast cancer, elaborate on the effect of extracellular matrix stiffness on breast cancer biological behavior and signaling pathways, and finally, we will talk about breast cancer treatment that focuses on matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li N, Zhu Z, Deng Y, Tang R, Hui H, Kang Y, Rana TM. KIAA1429/VIRMA promotes breast cancer progression by m 6 A-dependent cytosolic HAS2 stabilization. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55506. [PMID: 37705505 PMCID: PMC10561361 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including the development and progression of cancer. RNA modification by m6 A is regulated by methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6 A-binding proteins that function in large part by regulating mRNA expression and function. Here, we investigate the expression of m6 A regulatory proteins in breast cancer. We find that expression of KIAA1429/VIRMA, a component of the m6 A methyltransferase complex, is upregulated in breast cancer tissue and correlates positively with poor survival. KIAA1429/VIRMA is mislocalized to the cytosol of breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and shRNA-mediated knockdown inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, KIAA1429/VIRMA is shown to bind to the m6 A-dependent RNA-binding protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), leading to recruitment and stabilization of m6 A-modified hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) mRNA. HAS2 mRNA and KIAA1429/VIRMA mRNA levels correlate positively in breast cancer tissues, suggesting that the KIAA1429/VIRMA-IGF2BP3-HAS2 axis promotes breast cancer growth and contributes to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Zhouting Zhu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Yufei Deng
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Rachel Tang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hui Hui
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Yuqi Kang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology ProgramInstitute for Genomic MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
- San Diego Center for Precision Immunotherapy, Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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Daneshdoust D, Luo M, Li Z, Mo X, Alothman S, Kallakury B, Schlegel R, Zhang J, Guo D, Furth PA, Liu X, Li J. Unlocking Translational Potential: Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells in Advancing Breast Cancer Research. Cells 2023; 12:2388. [PMID: 37830602 PMCID: PMC10572051 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro models play an important role in studying cancer cell biology and facilitating translational research, especially in the identification of drug targets and drug discovery studies. This is particularly relevant in breast cancer, where the global burden of disease is quite high based on prevalence and a relatively high rate of lethality. Predictive tools to select patients who will be responsive to invasive or morbid therapies (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or surgery) are relatively lacking. To be clinically relevant, a model must accurately replicate the biology and cellular heterogeneity of the primary tumor. Addressing these requirements and overcoming the limitations of most existing cancer cell lines, which are typically derived from a single clone, we have recently developed conditional reprogramming (CR) technology. The CR technology refers to a co-culture system of primary human normal or tumor cells with irradiated murine fibroblasts in the presence of a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor to allow the primary cells to acquire stem cell properties and the ability to proliferate indefinitely in vitro without any exogenous gene or viral transfection. This innovative approach fulfills many of these needs and offers an alternative that surpasses the deficiencies associated with traditional cancer cell lines. These CR cells (CRCs) can be reprogrammed to maintain a highly proliferative state and reproduce the genomic and histological characteristics of the parental tissue. Therefore, CR technology may be a clinically relevant model to test and predict drug sensitivity, conduct gene profile analysis and xenograft research, and undertake personalized medicine. This review discusses studies that have applied CR technology to conduct breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Daneshdoust
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mingjue Luo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Departments of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Department of Biostatics and Bioinformatics, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sahar Alothman
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Departments of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Departments of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Griffin KH, Thorpe SW, Sebastian A, Hum NR, Coonan TP, Sagheb IS, Loots GG, Randall RL, Leach JK. Engineered bone marrow as a clinically relevant ex vivo model for primary bone cancer research and drug screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302101120. [PMID: 37729195 PMCID: PMC10523456 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone cancer in children and adolescents. While numerous other cancers now have promising therapeutic advances, treatment options for OS have remained unchanged since the advent of standard chemotherapeutics and offer less than a 25% 5-y survival rate for those with metastatic disease. This dearth of clinical progress underscores a lack of understanding of OS progression and necessitates the study of this disease in an innovative system. Here, we adapt a previously described engineered bone marrow (eBM) construct for use as a three-dimensional platform to study how microenvironmental and immune factors affect OS tumor progression. We form eBM by implanting acellular bone-forming materials in mice and explanting the cellularized constructs after 8 wk for study. We interrogate the influence of the anatomical implantation site on eBM tissue quality, test ex vivo stability under normoxic (5% O2) and standard (21% O2) culture conditions, culture OS cells within these constructs, and compare them to human OS samples. We show that eBM stably recapitulates the composition of native bone marrow. OS cells exhibit differential behavior dependent on metastatic potential when cultured in eBM, thus mimicking in vivo conditions. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical applicability of eBM as a drug-screening platform through doxorubicin treatment and show that eBM confers a protective effect on OS cells that parallel clinical responses. Combined, this work presents eBM as a cellular construct that mimics the complex bone marrow environment that is useful for mechanistic bone cancer research and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H. Griffin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA95817
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Steven W. Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - Nicholas R. Hum
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - Thomas P. Coonan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Isabel S. Sagheb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Gabriela G. Loots
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA95817
- Physical and Life Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA94550
| | - R. Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA95616
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Yousafzai MS, Hammer JA. Using Biosensors to Study Organoids, Spheroids and Organs-on-a-Chip: A Mechanobiology Perspective. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:905. [PMID: 37887098 PMCID: PMC10605946 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing popularity of 3D cell culture models is being driven by the demand for more in vivo-like conditions with which to study the biochemistry and biomechanics of numerous biological processes in health and disease. Spheroids and organoids are 3D culture platforms that self-assemble and regenerate from stem cells, tissue progenitor cells or cell lines, and that show great potential for studying tissue development and regeneration. Organ-on-a-chip approaches can be used to achieve spatiotemporal control over the biochemical and biomechanical signals that promote tissue growth and differentiation. These 3D model systems can be engineered to serve as disease models and used for drug screens. While culture methods have been developed to support these 3D structures, challenges remain to completely recapitulate the cell-cell and cell-matrix biomechanical interactions occurring in vivo. Understanding how forces influence the functions of cells in these 3D systems will require precise tools to measure such forces, as well as a better understanding of the mechanobiology of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Biosensors will prove powerful for measuring forces in both of these contexts, thereby leading to a better understanding of how mechanical forces influence biological systems at the cellular and tissue levels. Here, we discussed how biosensors and mechanobiological research can be coupled to develop accurate, physiologically relevant 3D tissue models to study tissue development, function, malfunction in disease, and avenues for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sulaiman Yousafzai
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Steffens Reinhardt L, Groen K, Zhang X, Morten BC, Wawruszak A, Avery-Kiejda KA. p53 isoform expression promotes a stemness phenotype and inhibits doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:509. [PMID: 37553320 PMCID: PMC10409720 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In breast cancer, dysregulated TP53 expression signatures are a better predictor of chemotherapy response and survival outcomes than TP53 mutations. Our previous studies have shown that high levels of Δ40p53 are associated with worse disease-free survival and disruption of p53-induced DNA damage response in breast cancers. Here, we further investigated the in vitro and in vivo implications of Δ40p53 expression in breast cancer. We have shown that genes associated with cell differentiation are downregulated while those associated with stem cell regulation are upregulated in invasive ductal carcinomas expressing high levels of Δ40p53. In contrast to p53, endogenous ∆40p53 co-localised with the stem cell markers Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog in MCF-7 and ZR75-1 cell lines. ∆40p53 and Sox2 co-localisation was also detected in breast cancer specimens. Further, in cells expressing a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio, increased expression of stem cell markers, greater mammosphere and colony formation capacities, and downregulation of miR-145 and miR-200 (p53-target microRNAs that repress stemness) were observed compared to the control subline. In vivo, a high ∆40p53:p53 ratio led to increased tumour growth, Ki67 and Sox2 expression, and blood microvessel areas in the vehicle-treated mice. High expression of ∆40p53 also reduced tumour sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to control tumours. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin was observed when transiently targeting Δ40p53 or when treating cells with OTSSP167 with concomitant chemotherapy. Taken together, high Δ40p53 levels induce tumour growth and may promote chemoresistance by inducing a stemness phenotype in breast cancer; thus, targeting Δ40p53 in tumours that have a high Δ40p53:p53 ratio could enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care therapies such as doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiajie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna C Morten
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
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Yu Y, Xiao H, Tang G, Wang H, Shen J, Sun Y, Wang S, Kong W, Chai Y, Liu X, Wang X, Wen G. Biomimetic hydrogel derived from decellularized dermal matrix facilitates skin wounds healing. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100725. [PMID: 37483381 PMCID: PMC10359665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing affecting millions of people worldwide represents an unsolvable clinical issue that is frequently challenged by scar formation with dramatical pain, impaired mobility and disfigurement. Herein, we prepared a kind of light-sensitive decellularized dermal extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel with fast gelling performance, biomimetic porous microstructure and abundant bioactive functions. On account of its excellent cell biocompatibility, this ECM-derived hydrogel could induce a marked cellular infiltration and enhance the tube formation of HUVECs. In vivo experiments based upon excisional wound splinting model showed that the hydrogel prominently imparted skin wound healing, as evidenced by notably increased skin appendages and well-organized collagen expression, coupled with significantly enhanced angiogenesis. Moreover, the skin regeneration mediated by this bioactive hydrogel was promoted by an accelerated M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype transition. Consequently, the decellularized dermal matrix-derived bioactive hydrogel orchestrates the entire skin healing microenvironment to promote wound healing and will be of high value in treatment of cutaneous wound healing. As such, this biomimetic ddECMMA hydrogel provides a promising versatile opinion for the clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guoke Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hongshu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shuaiqun Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Kong
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuanzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Wang Y, Chiappetta G, Guérois R, Liu Y, Romero S, Boesch DJ, Krause M, Dessalles CA, Babataheri A, Barakat AI, Chen B, Vinh J, Polesskaya A, Gautreau AM. PPP2R1A regulates migration persistence through the NHSL1-containing WAVE Shell Complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3541. [PMID: 37322026 PMCID: PMC10272187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAC1-WAVE-Arp2/3 signaling pathway generates branched actin networks that power lamellipodium protrusion of migrating cells. Feedback is thought to control protrusion lifetime and migration persistence, but its molecular circuitry remains elusive. Here, we identify PPP2R1A by proteomics as a protein differentially associated with the WAVE complex subunit ABI1 when RAC1 is activated and downstream generation of branched actin is blocked. PPP2R1A is found to associate at the lamellipodial edge with an alternative form of WAVE complex, the WAVE Shell Complex, that contains NHSL1 instead of the Arp2/3 activating subunit WAVE, as in the canonical WAVE Regulatory Complex. PPP2R1A is required for persistence in random and directed migration assays and for RAC1-dependent actin polymerization in cell extracts. PPP2R1A requirement is abolished by NHSL1 depletion. PPP2R1A mutations found in tumors impair WAVE Shell Complex binding and migration regulation, suggesting that the coupling of PPP2R1A to the WAVE Shell Complex is essential to its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of the Cell (BIOC), CNRS UMR7654, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Giovanni Chiappetta
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, LPC CNRS UMR8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yijun Liu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Stéphane Romero
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of the Cell (BIOC), CNRS UMR7654, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel J Boesch
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Joelle Vinh
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (SMBP), ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, LPC CNRS UMR8249, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of the Cell (BIOC), CNRS UMR7654, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Alexis M Gautreau
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of the Cell (BIOC), CNRS UMR7654, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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40
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Bukhari SIA, Truesdell SS, Datta C, Choudhury P, Wu KQ, Shrestha J, Maharjan R, Plotsker E, Elased R, Laisa S, Bhambhani V, Lin Y, Kreuzer J, Morris R, Koh SB, Ellisen LW, Haas W, Ly A, Vasudevan S. Regulation of RNA methylation by therapy treatment, promotes tumor survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.540602. [PMID: 37292633 PMCID: PMC10245743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.540602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our data previously revealed that chemosurviving cancer cells translate specific genes. Here, we find that the m6A-RNA-methyltransferase, METTL3, increases transiently in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer and leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, m6A increases on RNA from chemo-treated cells, and is needed for chemosurvival. This is regulated by eIF2α phosphorylation and mTOR inhibition upon therapy treatment. METTL3 mRNA purification reveals that eIF3 promotes METTL3 translation that is reduced by mutating a 5'UTR m6A-motif or depleting METTL3. METTL3 increase is transient after therapy treatment, as metabolic enzymes that control methylation and thus m6A levels on METTL3 RNA, are altered over time after therapy. Increased METTL3 reduces proliferation and anti-viral immune response genes, and enhances invasion genes, which promote tumor survival. Consistently, overriding phospho-eIF2α prevents METTL3 elevation, and reduces chemosurvival and immune-cell migration. These data reveal that therapy-induced stress signals transiently upregulate METTL3 translation, to alter gene expression for tumor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed IA Bukhari
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Samuel S Truesdell
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Pritha Choudhury
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Keith Q Wu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jitendra Shrestha
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ruby Maharjan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ethan Plotsker
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ramzi Elased
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sadia Laisa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Vijeta Bhambhani
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yue Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Siang-Boon Koh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Leif W. Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shobha Vasudevan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Brigham and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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41
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Zhang J, Nikolic M, Tanner K, Scarcelli G. Rapid biomechanical imaging at low irradiation level via dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy. Nat Methods 2023; 20:677-681. [PMID: 36894684 PMCID: PMC10363327 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin microscopy is a technique for mechanical characterization of biological material without contact at high three-dimensional resolution. Here, we introduce dual line-scanning Brillouin microscopy (dLSBM), which improves acquisition speed and reduces irradiation dose by more than one order of magnitude with selective illumination and single-shot analysis of hundreds of points along the incident beam axis. Using tumor spheroids, we demonstrate the ability to capture the sample response to rapid mechanical perturbations as well as the spatially resolved evolution of the mechanical properties in growing spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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42
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Goel R, Gulwani D, Upadhyay P, Sarangthem V, Singh TD. Unsung versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired spheroid fabrication: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123664. [PMID: 36791934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Lately, 3D cell culture technique has gained a lot of appreciation as a research model. Augmented with technological advancements, the area of 3D cell culture is growing rapidly with a diverse array of scaffolds being tested. This is especially the case for spheroid cultures. The culture of cells as spheroids provides opportunities for unanticipated vision into biological phenomena with its application to drug discovery, metabolic profiling, stem cell research as well as tumor, and disease biology. Spheroid fabrication techniques are broadly categorised into matrix-dependent and matrix-independent techniques. While there is a profusion of spheroid fabrication substrates with substantial biological relevance, an economical, modular, and bio-compatible substrate for high throughput production of spheroids is lacking. In this review, we posit the prospects of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) as a broad-spectrum spheroid fabrication platform. Elastin-like polypeptides are nature inspired, size-tunable genetically engineered polymers with wide applicability in various arena of biological considerations, has been employed for spheroid culture with profound utility. The technology offers a cheap, high-throughput, reproducible alternative for spheroid culture with exquisite adaptability. Here, we will brief the applicability of 3D cultures as compared to 2D cultures with spheroids being the focal point of the review. Common approaches to spheroid fabrication are discussed with existential limitations. Finally, the versatility of elastin-like polypeptide inspired substrates for spheroid culture has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepak Gulwani
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vijaya Sarangthem
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Thoudam Debraj Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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43
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Wakefield L, Agarwal S, Tanner K. Preclinical models for drug discovery for metastatic disease. Cell 2023; 186:1792-1813. [PMID: 37059072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite many advances, metastatic disease remains essentially uncurable. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand mechanisms that promote metastasis, drive tumor evolution, and underlie innate and acquired drug resistance. Sophisticated preclinical models that recapitulate the complex tumor ecosystem are key to this process. We begin with syngeneic and patient-derived mouse models that are the backbone of most preclinical studies. Second, we present some unique advantages of fish and fly models. Third, we consider the strengths of 3D culture models for resolving remaining knowledge gaps. Finally, we provide vignettes on multiplexed technologies to advance our understanding of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalage Wakefield
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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44
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He H, Chen R, Wang Z, Qing L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Pan W, Fang H, Zhang S. Design of Orally-bioavailable Tetra-cyclic phthalazine SOS1 inhibitors with high selectivity against EGFR. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106536. [PMID: 37054529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
KRAS mutations (G12C, G12D, etc.) are implicated in the oncogenesis and progression of many deadliest cancers. Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) is a crucial regulator of KRAS to modulate KRAS from inactive to active states. We previously discovered tetra-cyclic quinazolines as an improved scaffold for inhibiting SOS1-KRAS interaction. In this work, we report the design of tetra-cyclic phthalazine derivatives for selectively inhibiting SOS1 against EGFR. The lead compound 6c displayed remarkable activity to inhibit the proliferation of KRAS(G12C)-mutant pancreas cells. 6c showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in vivo, with a bioavailability of 65.8% and exhibited potent tumor suppression in pancreas tumor xenograft models. These intriguing results suggested that 6c has the potential to be developed as a drug candidate for KRAS-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Luolong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, PR China
| | - Weidong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Huaxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
| | - Silong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Wuhan Yuxiang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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45
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Mitrakas AG, Tsolou A, Didaskalou S, Karkaletsou L, Efstathiou C, Eftalitsidis E, Marmanis K, Koffa M. Applications and Advances of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids: Challenges in Their Development and Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086949. [PMID: 37108113 PMCID: PMC10138394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research requires both in vitro and in vivo studies in order to explore disease processes or drug interactions. Foundational investigations have been performed at the cellular level using two-dimensional cultures as the gold-standard method since the early 20th century. However, three-dimensional (3D) cultures have emerged as a new tool for tissue modeling over the last few years, bridging the gap between in vitro and animal model studies. Cancer has been a worldwide challenge for the biomedical community due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Various methods have been developed to produce multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), including scaffold-free and scaffold-based structures, which usually depend on the demands of the cells used and the related biological question. MCTSs are increasingly utilized in studies involving cancer cell metabolism and cell cycle defects. These studies produce massive amounts of data, which demand elaborate and complex tools for thorough analysis. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several up-to-date methods used to construct MCTSs. In addition, we also present advanced methods for analyzing MCTS features. As MCTSs more closely mimic the in vivo tumor environment, compared to 2D monolayers, they can evolve to be an appealing model for in vitro tumor biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas G Mitrakas
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stylianos Didaskalou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Lito Karkaletsou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evgenios Eftalitsidis
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Marmanis
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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46
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Keeratichamroen S, Sornprachum T, Ngiwsara L, Ornnork N, Svasti J. p‑STAT3 influences doxorubicin and etoposide resistance of A549 cells grown in an in vitro 3D culture model. Oncol Rep 2023; 49:71. [PMID: 36825601 PMCID: PMC9996681 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment undoubtedly has a significant impact on therapeutic responses. Abundant evidence suggests that the 3D in vitro culture holds great promise for drug discovery and development by bridging the gap between conventional 2D culture and animal models. The present study described 3D basement membrane culture of A549 cells, which mimics the complex 3D arrangement of tumors in vivo and elucidates the underlying mechanisms of microenvironmental influences on cellular functions and therapeutic efficacy. A549 cells cultured in 3D undergo G0/G1 phase arrest and decreased migratory and invasive capacity, indicating dormant cell characteristics. Hypoxia, apoptosis and stemness were demonstrated in the A549 cells in 3D architecture compared with the 2D‑cultured counterparts. More importantly, cells in the 3D environment exhibited increased resistance to different classes of anticancer agents. Western blotting revealed changes in the levels of key cancer‑associated pathways, phosphorylated (p)‑STAT3, p‑ERK, and p‑Akt, in response to 3D culture compared with 2D monolayer culture. Notably, mechanistic analysis using specific inhibitors showed that the STAT3 inhibitor overcomes the 3D culture‑induced doxorubicin and etoposide resistance. These results implicated an important role of p‑STAT3 in conferring chemoresistance in 3D‑cultured A549 cells, as well as the use of STAT3 inhibitor as a potential chemosensitizer to improve drug sensitivity. Thus, 3D culture systems, that more closely resemble in vivo tumor biology, may be more effective models in searching for novel chemotherapeutic agents and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiwaree Sornprachum
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Narittira Ornnork
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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47
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Nair L, Mukherjee S, Kaur K, Murphy CM, Ravichandiran V, Roy S, Singh M. Multi compartmental 3D breast cancer disease model–recapitulating tumor complexity in in-vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130361. [PMID: 37019341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common ailment among women. In 2020, it had the highest incidence of any type of cancer. Many Phase II and III anti-cancer drugs fail due to efficacy, durability, and side effects. Thus, accelerated drug screening models must be accurate. In-vivo models have been used for a long time, but delays, inconsistent results, and a greater sense of responsibility among scientists toward wildlife have led to the search for in-vitro alternatives. Stromal components support breast cancer growth and survival. Multi-compartment Transwell models may be handy instruments. Co-culturing breast cancer cells with endothelium and fibroblasts improves modelling. The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports native 3D hydrogels in natural and polymeric forms. 3D Transwell cultured tumor spheroids mimicked in-vivo pathological conditions. Tumor invasion, migration, Trans-endothelial migration, angiogenesis, and spread are studied using comprehensive models. Transwell models can create a cancer niche and conduct high-throughput drug screening, promising future applications. Our comprehensive shows how 3D in-vitro multi compartmental models may be useful in producing breast cancer stroma in Transwell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni, Bilaspur,(C.G 495009, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin D02YN77, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
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48
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Jun HR, Kang HJ, Ju SH, Kim JE, Jeon SY, Ku B, Lee JJ, Kim M, Kim MJ, Choi JJ, Noh JJ, Kim HS, Lee JW, Lee JK, Lee DW. High-throughput organo-on-pillar (high-TOP) array system for three-dimensional ex vivo drug testing. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122087. [PMID: 36924663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of organoid culture technologies has triggered industrial interest in ex vivo drug test-guided clinical response prediction for precision cancer therapy. The three-dimensional culture encapsulated with basement membrane (BM) components is extremely important in establishing ex vivo organoids and drug sensitivity tests because the BM components confer essential structures resembling tumor histopathology. Although numerous studies have demonstrated three-dimensional culture-based drug screening methods, establishing a large-scale drug-screening platform with matrix-encapsulated tumor cells is challenging because the arrangement of microspots of a matrix-cell droplet onto each well of a microwell plate is inconsistent and difficult to standardize. In addition, relatively low scales and lack of reproducibility discourage the application of three-dimensional organoid-based drug screening data for precision treatment or drug discovery. To overcome these limitations, we manufactured an automated organospotter-integrated high-throughput organo-on-pillar (high-TOP) drug-screening platform. Our system is compatible with various extracellular matrices, including BM extract, Matrigel, collagen, and hydrogel. In addition, it can be readily utilized for high-content analyses by simply exchanging the bottom plates without disrupting the domes. Our system demonstrated considerable robustness, consistency, reproducibility, and biological relevancy in three-dimensional drug sensitivity analyses using Matrigel-encapsulated ovarian cancer cell lines. We also demonstrated proof-of-concept cases representing the clinical feasibility of high-TOP-assisted ex vivo drug tests linked to clinical chemo-response in ovarian cancer patients. In conclusion, our platform provides an automated and standardized method for ex vivo drug-sensitivity-guided clinical response prediction, suggesting effective chemotherapy regimens for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeong Jun
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd. Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Hun Ju
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd. Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd. Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Youl Jeon
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd. Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bosung Ku
- Central R & D Center, Medical & Bio Decision (MBD) Co., Ltd. Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minsung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
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49
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VE-Cadherin modulates β-catenin/TCF-4 to enhance Vasculogenic Mimicry. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:135. [PMID: 36797281 PMCID: PMC9935922 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vasculogenic Mimicry (VM) refers to the capacity to form a blood network from aggressive cancer cells in an independent way of endothelial cells, to provide nutrients and oxygen leading to enhanced microenvironment complexity and treatment failure. In a previous study, we demonstrated that VE-Cadherin and its phosphorylation at Y658 modulated kaiso-dependent gene expression (CCND1 and Wnt 11) through a pathway involving Focal Adhesion kinase (FAK). In the present research, using a proteomic approach, we have found that β-catenin/TCF-4 is associated with nuclear VE-cadherin and enhances the capacity of malignant melanoma cells to undergo VM in cooperation with VE-Cadherin; in addition, preventing the phosphorylation of Y658 of VE-cadherin upon FAK disabling resulted in VE-Cadherin/β-catenin complex dissociation, increased β-catenin degradation while reducing TCF-4-dependent genes transcription (C-Myc and Twist-1). Uveal melanoma cells knockout for VE-Cadherin loses β-catenin expression while the rescue of VE-Cadherin (but not of the phosphorylation defective VE-Cadherin Y658F mutant) permits stabilization of β-catenin and tumor growth reduction in vivo experiments. In vivo, the concomitant treatment with the FAK inhibitor PF-271 and the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab leads to a strong reduction in tumor growth concerning the single treatment. In conclusion, the anomalous expression of VE-Cadherin in metastatic melanoma cells (from both uveal and cutaneous origins), together with its permanent phosphorylation at Y658, favors the induction of the aggressive VM phenotype through the cooperation of β-catenin with VE-Cadherin and by enhancing TCF-4 genes-dependent transcription.
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50
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Hirade Y, Kubota M, Kitae K, Yamamoto H, Omori H, Shinoki S, Ohmura T, Tsujikawa K. A novel application of hectorite nanoclay for preparation of colorectal cancer spheroids with malignant potential. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:609-623. [PMID: 36633172 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, which provides an in vivo-like environment in vitro unlike the conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, has attracted much attention from researchers. Although various 3D cell culture methods have been developed, information on a method using inorganic nanoclay is scant. Here, we report that hectorite, an inorganic layered silicate, can be used as an auxiliary material for 3D cell culture. Human colon cancer cell lines cultured in a medium containing 0.01% synthetic hectorite spontaneously formed 3D spheroids in an adherent plate. Morphologically, these spheroids were more dispersed in all directions than control spheroids generated in an ultralow adherent plate. Microarray analysis showed that FGF19, TGM2, and SERPINA3, whose expression is reportedly increased in colon cancer tissues and is related to tumorigenesis or metastasis, were upregulated in HT-29 spheroids formed using synthetic hectorite compared with those in control spheroids. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulation of genes associated with morphogenesis, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, cellular uptake and secretion, signaling pathways, and gene expression regulation. Moreover, fluorescence-labeled hectorite particles were localized in the cytoplasm of individual cells in spheroids. These results suggest that the synthetic hectorite modified the physiological state of and gene expression within the cells, triggering spheroid formation with malignant characteristics. Our findings highlight a novel application of synthetic hectorite for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hirade
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Munehiro Kubota
- Iwaki Laboratory, Kunimine Industries Co, Ltd, 23-5 Kuidesaku, Shimofunao, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8312, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Harumi Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Omori
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Shinoki
- Iwaki Laboratory, Kunimine Industries Co, Ltd, 23-5 Kuidesaku, Shimofunao, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8312, Japan
| | - Takao Ohmura
- Kunimine Industries Co, Ltd, 23-5 Kuidesaku, Shimofunao, Iwaki, Fukushima 972-8312, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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