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Münzberg H, Heymsfield SB, Berthoud HR, Morrison CD. History and future of leptin: Discovery, regulation and signaling. Metabolism 2024:156026. [PMID: 39245434 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.156026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The cloning of leptin 30 years ago in 1994 was an important milestone in obesity research. Prior to the discovery of leptin, obesity was stigmatized as a condition caused by lack of character and self-control. Mutations in either leptin or its receptor were the first single gene mutations found to cause severe obesity, and it is now recognized that obesity is caused mostly by a dysregulation of central neuronal circuits. Since the discovery of the leptin-deficient obese mouse (ob/ob) the cloning of leptin (ob aka lep) and leptin receptor (db aka lepr) genes, we have learned much about leptin and its action in the central nervous system. The first hope that leptin would cure obesity was quickly dampened because humans with obesity have increased leptin levels and develop leptin resistance. Nevertheless, leptin target sites in the brain represent an excellent blueprint to understand how neuronal circuits control energy homeostasis. Our expanding understanding of leptin function, interconnection of leptin signaling with other systems and impact on distinct physiological functions continues to guide and improve the development of safe and effective interventions to treat metabolic illnesses. This review highlights past concepts and current emerging concepts of the hormone leptin, leptin receptor signaling pathways and central targets to mediate distinct physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America.
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
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McNealy KR, Oevermann MW, Knabel ML, Fitzwater A, Gipson CD, Barrett ST, Bevins RA. Repeated exposure to physiologically effective doses of contraceptive hormones ethinyl estradiol or levonorgestrel do not alter the reinforcing effects of a brief visual stimulus in ovary-intact rats. Horm Behav 2024; 161:105506. [PMID: 38387104 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Estradiol and progesterone potentiate and attenuate reward processes, respectively. Despite these well-characterized effects, there is minimal research on the effects of synthetic estrogens (e.g., ethinyl estradiol, or EE) and progestins (e.g., levonorgestrel, or LEVO) contained in clinically-utilized hormonal contraceptives. The present study characterized the separate effects of repeated exposure to EE or LEVO on responding maintained by a reinforcing visual stimulus. Forty ovary-intact female Sprague-Dawley rats received either sesame oil vehicle (n = 16), 0.18 μg/day EE (n = 16), or 0.6 μg/day LEVO (n = 8) subcutaneous injections 30-min before daily one-hour sessions. Rats' responding was maintained by a 30-sec visual stimulus on a Variable Ratio-3 schedule of reinforcement. The day after rats' last session, we determined rats estrous cycle phase via vaginal cytology before sacrifice and subsequently weighing each rat's uterus to further verify the contraceptive hormone manipulation. The visual stimulus functioned as a reinforcer, but neither EE nor LEVO enhanced visual stimulus maintained responding. Estrous cytology was consistent with normal cycling in vehicle rats and halting of normal cycling in EE and LEVO rats. EE increased uterine weights consistent with typical uterotrophic effects observed with estrogens, further confirming the physiological impacts of our EE and LEVO doses. In conclusion, a physiologically effective dose of neither EE nor LEVO did not alter the reinforcing efficacy of a visual stimulus reinforcer. Future research should characterize the effects of hormonal contraceptives on responding maintained by other reinforcer types to determine the generality of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R McNealy
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Matthew W Oevermann
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - MacKenzie L Knabel
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Anna Fitzwater
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institutional Animal Care Program, 2200 Vine Street, 278 Prem S. Paul Research Center at Whittier School, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Sciences, 780 Rose Street, MS305, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Scott T Barrett
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Psychology, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Tan B, Browne CJ, Nöbauer T, Vaziri A, Friedman JM, Nestler EJ. Drugs of abuse hijack a mesolimbic pathway that processes homeostatic need. Science 2024; 384:eadk6742. [PMID: 38669575 PMCID: PMC11077477 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk6742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse are thought to promote addiction in part by "hijacking" brain reward systems, but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Using whole-brain FOS mapping and in vivo single-neuron calcium imaging, we found that drugs of abuse augment dopaminoceptive ensemble activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and disorganize overlapping ensemble responses to natural rewards in a cell type-specific manner. Combining FOS-Seq, CRISPR-perturbation, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we identified Rheb as a molecular substrate that regulates cell type-specific signal transduction in NAc while enabling drugs to suppress natural reward consumption. Mapping NAc-projecting regions activated by drugs of abuse revealed input-specific effects on natural reward consumption. These findings characterize the dynamic, molecular and circuit basis of a common reward pathway, wherein drugs of abuse interfere with the fulfillment of innate needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Caleb J. Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
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4
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Magenes VC, Baldassarre P, Grazi R, Loiodice M, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G. Dietary habits, depression and obesity: an intricate relationship to explore in pediatric preventive strategies. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1368283. [PMID: 38523835 PMCID: PMC10957686 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1368283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent major health problems due to their high prevalence and morbidity rates. Numerous evidences elucidated the connections between dietary habits and the incidence or severity of depression. This overview aims to investigate the intricate relationship between dietary patterns and depression with the objective of elaborating preventive strategies for childhood obesity. Literature data recognized that there is a link between mood and food choices, with certain foods selected for their impact on the brain's reward centers. This behavior parallels the one observed in substance addiction, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for food addiction that contributes to overeating and obesity. It is important to note the significant correlation between obesity and depression, indicating a shared biological pathway influencing these conditions. Stress substantially affects also eating behaviors, often leading to increased consumption of pleasurable and rewarding foods. This can trigger a cycle of overeating, weight gain, and psychological distress, exacerbating mood disorders and obesity. In addition, consumption of certain types of foods, especially "comfort foods" high in fat and calories, may provide temporary relief from symptoms of depression, but can lead to long-term obesity and further mental health problems. Understanding these complex interactions is critical to developing preventive strategies focusing on dietary, emotional, and environmental factors, thereby reducing the risk of obesity and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Baldassarre
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Loiodice
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Forester G, Schaefer LM, Johnson JS, Amponsah T, Dvorak RD, Wonderlich SA. Neurocognitive reward processes measured via event-related potentials are associated with binge-eating disorder diagnosis and ecologically-assessed behavior. Appetite 2024; 193:107151. [PMID: 38061612 PMCID: PMC10872539 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Altered reward processing has been implicated in the onset and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED). However, it is unclear which precise neurocognitive reward processes may contribute to BED. In the present study, 40 individuals with BED and 40 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched controls completed a reward (incentive delay) task while their neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Individuals with BED also completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing binge-eating behavior in the natural environment. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis of the EEG indicated that individuals with BED had stronger anticipatory (CNV) and outcome-related (RewP) neural reward activity to food and monetary rewards, compared to controls. However, within the BED group, greater frequency of binge eating during the EMA protocol was associated with stronger anticipatory (CNV) but weaker outcome-related (RewP) neural reward activity. These associations within the BED group were unique to food, and not monetary, rewards. Although preliminary, these results suggest that both anticipatory ("wanting") and outcome ("liking") reward processes may be generally amplified in BED. However, they also suggest that among individuals with BED, disorder severity may be associated with increased anticipatory reward processes ("wanting"), but relatively decreased reward-outcome processing ("liking"), of food rewards specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Forester
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA.
| | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Johnson
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, USA
| | - Theresah Amponsah
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, USA
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, USA
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
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Li G, Xu X, Yang L, Cai Y, Sun Y, Guo J, Lin Y, Hu Y, Chen M, Li H, Wu S. Exploring the association between circRNA expression and pediatric obesity based on a case-control study and related bioinformatics analysis. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:561. [PMID: 37957626 PMCID: PMC10642011 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our present study utilized case-control research to explore the relationship between specific circRNAs and pediatric obesity through a literature review and bioinformatics and to predict their possible biological functions, providing ideas for epigenetic mechanism studies of pediatric obesity. METHODS CircRNAs related to pediatric obesity were preliminarily screened by a literature review and qRT-PCR. CircRNA expression in children with obesity (n = 75) and control individuals (n = 75) was confirmed with qRT-PCR in a case-control study. This was followed by bioinformatics analyses, such as GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and ceRNA network construction. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to analyze the effects of circRNAs on obesity. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also drawn to explore the clinical application value of circRNAs in pediatric obesity. RESULTS Has_circ_0046367 and hsa_circ_0000284 were separately validated to be statistically downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with obesity and revealed as independent indicators of increased CHD risk [hsa_circ_0046367 (OR = 0.681, 95% CI: 0.480 ~ 0.967) and hsa_circ_0000284 (OR = 1.218, 95% CI: 1.041 ~ 1.424)]. The area under the ROC curve in the combined analysis of hsa_circ_0046367 and hsa_circ_0000284 was 0.706 (95% CI: 0.623 ~ 0.789). Enrichment analyses revealed that these circRNAs were actively involved in neural plasticity mechanisms, cell secretion and signal regulation. CONCLUSION The present research revealed that low expression of hsa_circ_0046367 and high expression of hsa_circ_0000284 are risk factors for pediatric obesity and that neural plasticity mechanisms are closely related to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Li
- Department of Child Healthcare Centre, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian, 350014, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yawen Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yuduan Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Tan B, Browne CJ, Nöbauer T, Vaziri A, Friedman JM, Nestler EJ. Drugs of abuse hijack a mesolimbic pathway that processes homeostatic need. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.03.556059. [PMID: 37732251 PMCID: PMC10508763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.03.556059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Addiction prioritizes drug use over innate needs by "hijacking" brain circuits that direct motivation, but how this develops remains unclear. Using whole-brain FOS mapping and in vivo single-neuron calcium imaging, we find that drugs of abuse augment ensemble activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and disorganize overlapping ensemble responses to natural rewards in a cell-type-specific manner. Combining "FOS-Seq", CRISPR-perturbations, and snRNA-seq, we identify Rheb as a shared molecular substrate that regulates cell-type-specific signal transductions in NAc while enabling drugs to suppress natural reward responses. Retrograde circuit mapping pinpoints orbitofrontal cortex which, upon activation, mirrors drug effects on innate needs. These findings deconstruct the dynamic, molecular, and circuit basis of a common reward circuit, wherein drug value is scaled to promote drug-seeking over other, normative goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Caleb J. Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Woo JM, Lee GE, Lee JH. Attentional bias for high-calorie food cues by the level of hunger and satiety in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149864. [PMID: 37521694 PMCID: PMC10372423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal hyperreactivity to food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors could be regulated by hedonic or reward-based system, overriding the homeostatic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether attentional bias for food cues is affected by the level of hunger, maintaining the normal homeostatic system in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Methods A total of 116 female participants were recruited and divided into four groups: hungry-binge eating group (BE) (n = 29), satiated BE (n = 29), hungry-control (n = 29), satiated control (n = 29). While participants completed a free-viewing task on high or low-calorie food cues, visual attentional processes were recorded using an eye tracker. Results The results revealed that BE group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues in both hunger and satiety condition in the early stage, whereas the control group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues only in hunger conditions. Moreover, in the late stage, the BE group stared more at the high-calorie food cue, compared to control group regardless of hunger and satiety. Discussion The findings suggest that automatic attentional bias for food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors occurred without purpose or awareness is not affected by the homeostatic system, while strategic attention is focused on high-calorie food. Therefore, the attentional processing of food cues in binge eating group is regulated by hedonic system rather than homeostatic system, leading to vulnerability to binge eating.
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Simon JJ, Lang PM, Rommerskirchen L, Bendszus M, Friederich HC. Hypothalamic Reactivity and Connectivity following Intravenous Glucose Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087370. [PMID: 37108533 PMCID: PMC10139105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional glucose sensing in homeostatic brain regions such as the hypothalamus is interlinked with the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the physiology and pathophysiology of glucose sensing and neuronal homeostatic regulation remain insufficiently understood. To provide a better understanding of glucose signaling to the brain, we assessed the responsivity of the hypothalamus (i.e., the core region of homeostatic control) and its interaction with mesocorticolimbic brain regions in 31 normal-weight, healthy participants. We employed a single-blind, randomized, crossover design of the intravenous infusion of glucose and saline during fMRI. This approach allows to investigate glucose signaling independent of digestive processes. Hypothalamic reactivity and connectivity were assessed using a pseudo-pharmacological design and a glycemia-dependent functional connectivity analysis, respectively. In line with previous studies, we observed a hypothalamic response to glucose infusion which was negatively related to fasting insulin levels. The observed effect size was smaller than in previous studies employing oral or intragastric administration of glucose, demonstrating the important role of the digestive process in homeostatic signaling. Finally, we were able to observe hypothalamic connectivity with reward-related brain regions. Given the small amount of glucose employed, this points toward a high responsiveness of these regions to even a small energy stimulus in healthy individuals. Our study highlights the intricate relationship between homeostatic and reward-related systems and their pronounced sensitivity to subtle changes in glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe J Simon
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pia M Lang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Rommerskirchen
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Horton AL, Campbell EJ, Aumann TD, O'Brien KR, Lawrence AJ, Brown RM. Addiction-like behaviour towards high-fat high-sugar food predicts relapse propensity in both obesity prone and obesity resistant C57BL/6 J mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110654. [PMID: 36209772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive overeating of palatable food is thought to underlie some forms of obesity. Similarities are often observed in the behavioural symptomology and the neuropathophysiology underlying substance use disorder and compulsive overeating. As such, preclinical animal models which assess addiction-like behaviour towards food may assist the understanding of the neurobiology underlying overeating behaviour. Further, the relationship between these behaviours and the propensity for diet-induced obesity warrants examination. In this study we investigated the relationship between the propensity for diet-induced obesity (DIO) and addiction-like behaviour towards highly palatable food in C57BL/6 J mice as measured by a 3-criteria model. We also examined the extent to which performance on this 3-criteria model predicted two key hallmark features of addiction - resistance to extinction and relapse propensity (as measured by reinstatement of lever pressing). C57BL/6 J mice were allowed free access to a palatable diet for 8 weeks then separated by weight gain into DIO-prone and DIO-resistant subgroups. Access to palatable food was then restricted to daily operant self-administration sessions whereby addiction-like behaviour towards a high-fat high-sugar food reward was assessed using a 3-criteria model similar to that used to assess addiction-like behaviour towards drugs of abuse. In contrast to findings in rats, no difference in addiction-like behaviour towards food was observed between obesity prone (OP) and obesity resistant (OR) mice. Similarly, principal components analysis found no distinct patterns in the relationship between addiction-like behaviours across treatment groups. This suggests that the strain and species of rodent may be critical for studying the mechanisms underlying pathological overconsumption. Further analysis revealed that the extent of performance on the 3-criteria model correlated with the propensity for C57BL/6 J mice to both extinguish food seeking behaviour and "relapse" after a period of withdrawal. This finding was evident across all groups, regardless of DIO. Collectively, these data validate the 3-criteria model as a robust model to comprehensively assess food addiction-like behaviour in mice, regardless of prior food intake history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Horton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin J Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy D Aumann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina R O'Brien
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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11
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Zhou Y, Stubbs RJ, Finlayson G. A neurocognitive perspective on the relationship between exercise and reward: Implications for weight management and drug addiction. Appetite 2023; 182:106446. [PMID: 36592797 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of exercise on food reward is increasingly being discussed as an interplay between executive function (EF), homeostasis and mechanisms promoting or undermining intentional behaviour change. Integrating current knowledge of neurocognitive processes encompassing cognitive and affective networks within an energy balance framework will provide a more comprehensive account. Reward circuitry affected by recreational drugs and food overlap. Therefore the underlying processes explaining changes in drug-taking behaviour may offer new insights into how exercise affects the reward value of recreational drugs and food. EF is important for successful self-regulation, and training EF may boost inhibitory control in relation to food- and drug-related reward. Preclinical and clinical observations suggest that reward-seeking can transfer within and between categories of reward. This may have clinical implications beyond exercise improving metabolic health in people with obesity to understanding therapeutic responses to exercise in people with neurocognitive deficits in non-food reward-based decision making such as drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R James Stubbs
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Jamali S, Dezfouli MP, Kalbasi A, Daliri MR, Haghparast A. Selective Modulation of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Response to Morphine versus Natural Reward. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020322. [PMID: 36831866 PMCID: PMC9953863 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the overlapping neural circuits underlying natural and drug rewards, several studies have suggested different behavioral and neurochemical mechanisms in response to drug vs. natural rewards. The strong link between hippocampal theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) and reward-associated learning and memory has raised the hypothesis that this rhythm in hippocampal CA1 might be differently modulated by drug- and natural-conditioned place preference (CPP). Time-frequency analysis of recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the CA1 of freely moving male rats previously exposed to a natural (in this case, food), drug (in this case, morphine), or saline (control) reward cue in the CPP paradigm showed that the hippocampal CA1 theta activity represents a different pattern for entrance to the rewarded compared to unrewarded compartment during the post-test session of morphine- and natural-CPP. Comparing LFP activity in the CA1 between the saline and morphine/natural groups showed that the maximum theta power occurred before entering the unrewarded compartment and after the entrance to the rewarded compartment in morphine and natural groups, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that drug and natural rewards could differently affect the theta dynamic in the hippocampal CA1 region during reward-associated learning and contextual cueing in the CPP paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19615-1178, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19395-5531, Iran
| | - AmirAli Kalbasi
- Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16315-1355, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19395-5531, Iran
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.R.D.); or (A.H.); Tel./Fax: +98-21-2243-1624 (A.H.)
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19615-1178, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.R.D.); or (A.H.); Tel./Fax: +98-21-2243-1624 (A.H.)
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Teixeira GP, Guimarães KC, Soares AGNS, Marqueze EC, Moreno CRC, Mota MC, Crispim CA. Role of chronotype in dietary intake, meal timing, and obesity: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:75-90. [PMID: 35771674 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies show that dietary habits and obesity seem to be influenced by chronotype, which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-hour period. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to analyze the association of chronotype with dietary habits, namely energy and macronutrient intakes, meal timing, and eating patterns, as well as with obesity. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases were searched between 2004 and 2020. Study selection was performed by 2 authors independently; disagreements on eligibility of articles were resolved by a third author. After assessment of 12 060 abstracts, 43 studies (21 articles on obesity; 13 on food consumption, meal timing, and eating patterns; and 9 that addressed both obesity and dietary behavior) were included. DATA EXTRACTION A standard form was used to extract study design, country, number of participants, method of chronotype determination, and main findings. DATA ANALYSIS Approximately 95% of included studies showed an association between eveningness and at least 1 unhealthy eating habit. Morningness was associated with regular consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In addition, about 47% of studies showed a higher association between late types and obesity. CONCLUSION Late types are more likely to present unhealthy eating habits, such as eating late at night, skipping breakfast often, and eating processed/ultraprocessed foods, while early types are more likely to have healthy and protective habits, such as eating early and eating predominantly fresh/minimally processed foods. Intermediate types tend to have a pattern of health and eating more similar to early types than to late types. Late types are also more likely to present higher weight and body mass index than early or intermediate types. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256078.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Teixeira
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kisian C Guimarães
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela N S Soares
- are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Marqueze
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia R C Moreno
- are with the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Mota
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cibele A Crispim
- are with the Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,are with the Nutrition Course, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais Uberlândia, Brazil
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14
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Plano SA, Soneira S, Tortello C, Golombek DA. Is the binge-eating disorder a circadian disorder? Front Nutr 2022; 9:964491. [PMID: 35938096 PMCID: PMC9352861 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A. Plano
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Soneira
- Sección de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria y Psiquiatría Nutricional, Servicio de Psiquiatría, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Tortello
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Educación, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Diego A. Golombek
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Neurobiological Mechanisms Modulating Emotionality, Cognition and Reward-Related Behaviour in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147952. [PMID: 35887310 PMCID: PMC9317076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective and substance-use disorders are associated with overweight and obesity-related complications, which are often due to the overconsumption of palatable food. Both high-fat diets (HFDs) and psychostimulant drugs modulate the neuro-circuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic functions. However, it is not known how they interact at the behavioural level, and whether they lead to overlapping changes in neurobiological endpoints. In this literature review, we describe the impact of HFDs on emotionality, cognition, and reward-related behaviour in rodents. We also outline the effects of HFD on brain metabolism and plasticity involving mitochondria. Moreover, the possible overlap of the neurobiological mechanisms produced by HFDs and psychostimulants is discussed. Our in-depth analysis of published results revealed that HFDs have a clear impact on behaviour and underlying brain processes, which are largely dependent on the developmental period. However, apart from the studies investigating maternal exposure to HFDs, most of the published results involve only male rodents. Future research should also examine the biological impact of HFDs in female rodents. Further knowledge about the molecular mechanisms linking stress and obesity is a crucial requirement of translational research and using rodent models can significantly advance the important search for risk-related biomarkers and the development of clinical intervention strategies.
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16
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xu Z. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on food-reward mechanisms in smoking-addicted individuals: An fNIRS study. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113889. [PMID: 35738424 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to its toxic effects on the human cardiovascular and respiratory systems, tobacco dependence also causes damage to brain function and cognitive activity. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on food-reward function and its food-cued prefrontal brain activation in tobacco-dependent individuals. METHOD Ninety-three participants who met the study criteria were randomly divided into a moderate-intensity exercise group (65%-75% HRmax), a high-intensity exercise group (75%-85% HRmax), and a quiet control group (n = 31 in each group). Participants were asked to perform a 35-minute target-intensity exercise or rest. The participants took the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the Visual Food Cues Paradigm Task immediately before the experiment and immediately after completing the exercise or control intervention, and oxyhemoglobin concentrations in each prefrontal brain region were measured at the same time as the Visual Food Cues Paradigm Task. RESULTS Acute aerobic exercise significantly increased implicit cravings for low-calorie sweets in nicotine-dependent individuals (high: p = 0.040; moderate: p = 0.001), while acute moderate-intensity aerobic exercise also significantly increased the activation levels of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC: CH15: p = 0.030; CH22: p = 0.003) as well as the left orbitofrontal area (OFC: CH21: p = 0.007) in the food-reward brain region in nicotine-dependent individuals. CONCLUSION Acute aerobic exercise improves food-reward function and effectively increases activation levels in the DLPFC and OFC cerebral cortex in tobacco-dependent individuals, facilitating restoration of sensitivity to their drug-hijacked natural reward circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Liu
- Shandong Sport University, Century Avenue, Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 10600, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Shandong Sport University, Century Avenue, Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 10600, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Shandong Sport University, Century Avenue, Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 10600, China
| | - Zhao Xu
- Shandong Sport University, Century Avenue, Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 10600, China.
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Dunigan AI, Roseberry AG. Actions of feeding-related peptides on the mesolimbic dopamine system in regulation of natural and drug rewards. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 37220637 PMCID: PMC10201992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary neural circuit mediating motivation, reinforcement, and reward-related behavior. The activity of this system and multiple behaviors controlled by it are affected by changes in feeding and body weight, such as fasting, food restriction, or the development of obesity. Multiple different peptides and hormones that have been implicated in the control of feeding and body weight interact with the mesolimbic dopamine system to regulate many different dopamine-dependent, reward-related behaviors. In this review, we summarize the effects of a selected set of feeding-related peptides and hormones acting within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to alter feeding, as well as food, drug, and social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Dunigan
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aaron G. Roseberry
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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18
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Farooqi IS. Monogenic Obesity Syndromes Provide Insights Into the Hypothalamic Regulation of Appetite and Associated Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:856-859. [PMID: 35369984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal circuits within the hypothalamus play a critical role in the homeostatic regulation of body weight. By disrupting the development or function of these circuits, human monogenic disorders cause hyperphagia (increased food intake), neuroendocrine abnormalities, impaired sympathetic nervous system activation, and obesity. Some genetic disorders also cause maladaptive behaviors such as anxiety, autism, emotional lability, and aggression, highlighting the role of the specific molecules expressed by these hypothalamic neurons in the regulation of innate behaviors that are essential to survival. These findings inform understanding of a wide range of clinical disorders and highlight the challenges associated with targeting these hypothalamic pathways for weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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19
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Song S, Zilverstand A, Gui W, Pan X, Zhou X. Reducing craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction, obesity or overeating through neuromodulation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its follow-up effects. Addiction 2022; 117:1242-1255. [PMID: 34514666 DOI: 10.1111/add.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown potential in clinical applications aiming at reducing craving and consumption levels in individuals with drug addiction or overeating behaviour. However, it is unclear whether these intervention effects are maintained over time. This study aimed to measure the immediate, short- and long-term effects of excitatory transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in people with drug addiction or overeating. METHODS A systematic review and random effects meta-analysis. We included 20 articles (total of 22 studies using randomized controlled trials: 3 alcohol dependence, 3 drug dependence, 12 smoking, 4 overeating; total: 720 participants) from January 2000 to June 2020, which reported at least one follow-up assessment of craving, consumption or abstinence levels after the intervention. We compared effects of active versus sham stimulation immediately after the intervention and at the last follow-up assessment, as compared with baseline. RESULTS Excitatory neuromodulation of dlPFC activity reduced craving and consumption immediately after the intervention (craving: g = 0.734, CI = 0.447-1.021, P < 0.001; consumption: g = 0.527, CI = 0.309-0.745; P < 0.001), as well as during short-, mid- and long-term abstinence (craving: g = 0.677, CI = 0.440-0.914, P < 0.001; consumption: g = 0.445, CI = 0.245-0.645, P < 0.001; abstinence levels: g = 0.698, CI = 0.433-0.963, P < 0.001; average time of follow-up: 84 ± 83 days after last stimulation). Additional analysis demonstrated that the intervention effects were sustained in all populations studied (food, nicotine, alcohol or drug abuse) and with both stimulation techniques used (rTMS, tDCS). Interventions targeting at the left (vs right) hemisphere may be more effective. CONCLUSIONS Excitatory neuromodulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appears to lead to a sustained reduction of craving and consumption in individuals with addiction or overeating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Song
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Pan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Lanza HI. Weighing the Risk: Developmental Pathways and Processes Underlying Obesity to Substance Use in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:337-354. [PMID: 34490962 PMCID: PMC8897223 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on co-occurring obesity and substance use in adolescence has grown substantially in the past decade, but questions on the pathways and processes underlying co-occurrence remain. This review first synthesizes empirical findings on the relationship between obesity and substance use (e.g., alcohol, cannabis, tobacco use). Multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks referencing behavioral medicine, neuroscience, psychology, and public health are then used to inform an interdisciplinary, conceptual model focused on pathways and processes by which obesity increases risk of substance use. Recommendations for future research underscore the importance of prospective studies that encompass multiple domains of development. Recommendations for practice include family-based interventions that promote adaptive self-regulation, targeted antibullying or victimization interventions, and increased attention by health professionals on risky behavior associated with adolescent obesity.
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21
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Kim DY, Jang Y, Heo DW, Jo S, Kim HC, Lee JH. Electronic Cigarette Vaping Did Not Enhance the Neural Process of Working Memory for Regular Cigarette Smokers. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:817538. [PMID: 35250518 PMCID: PMC8894252 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.817538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) as substitute devices for regular tobacco cigarettes (r-cigs) have been increasing in recent times. We investigated neuronal substrates of vaping e-cigs and smoking r-cigs from r-cig smokers. Methods Twenty-two r-cig smokers made two visits following overnight smoking cessation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired while participants watched smoking images. Participants were then allowed to smoke either an e-cig or r-cig until satiated and fMRI data were acquired. Their craving levels and performance on the Montreal Imaging Stress Task and a 3-back alphabet/digit recognition task were obtained and analyzed using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were identified by comparing the abstained and satiated conditions. Neuronal activation within ROIs was regressed on the craving and behavioral data separately. Results Craving was more substantially reduced by smoking r-cigs than by vaping e-cigs. The response time (RT) for the 3-back task was significantly shorter following smoking r-cigs than following vaping e-cigs (interaction: F (1, 17) = 5.3, p = 0.035). Neuronal activations of the right vermis (r = 0.43, p = 0.037, CI = [-0.05, 0.74]), right caudate (r = 0.51, p = 0.015, CI = [0.05, 0.79]), and right superior frontal gyrus (r = −0.70, p = 0.001, CI = [−0.88, −0.34]) were significantly correlated with the RT for the 3-back task only for smoking r-cigs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that insufficient satiety from vaping e-cigs for r-cigs smokers may be insignificant effect on working memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Youl Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Woon Heo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungman Jo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hwan Lee,
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22
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Hirai H, Okamoto S, Masuzaki H, Murata T, Ogata Y, Sato A, Horiuchi S, Shinohara R, Shinoki K, Nishigori H, Fujimori K, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Hashimoto K, Yamagata Z, Shimabukuro M. Maternal Urinary Cotinine Concentrations During Pregnancy Predict Infant BMI Trajectory After Birth: Analysis of 89617 Mother-Infant Pairs in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:850784. [PMID: 35498432 PMCID: PMC9049186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.850784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical or epidemiological conclusions remain undecided on the direct effects of active and second-hand smoking during pregnancy on childhood obesity. Urinary cotinine (UC) concentration, an accurate and quantitative marker for smoking, may elucidate the dose-dependent relationship between smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity. To analyze the relationship between UC concentration and smoking questionnaire (SQ) classes for active and second-hand smoking in pregnant mothers and trajectory of infant Kaup index (body mass index: BMI). METHODS This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted using a list-wise complete set of 35829 among 89617 mother-infant singleton pairs, recruited between 2011 and 2014, in the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Pairs were categorized according to UC levels (1 to 4 classes) or SQ (0 to 4 classes). RESULTS Maternal BMI at delivery was the highest in UC class 4 (highest). Maternal and paternal education of ≥16 years and annual household income were lowest in UC class 4. Infant BMI was lower at birth, but trends in BMI and ΔBMI were higher from six to 36 months step-wise in the UC classes. The above tendency was observed in the list-wise complete dataset but was emphasized after multiple imputations and corrections of cofounders. UC concentration in five SQ classes largely fluctuated, and the relationship between SQ classes and trends in BMI and ΔBMI was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Infants from high UC mothers had a low BMI at birth, increasing from six to 36 months of age. UC concentrations, but not smoking questionnaire classes, predict infant BMI trajectory, suggesting that active and second-hand smoking affect child obesity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hirai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shirakawa Kosei General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Ogata
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kosei Shinoki
- Koriyama Office, Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Fukushima Medical Center for Children and Women, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environmental and Children’s Study, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Michio Shimabukuro,
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23
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Zhou YU, Finlayson G, Liu X, Zhou Q, Liu T, Zhou C. Effects of Acute Dance and Aerobic Exercise on Drug Craving and Food Reward in Women with Methamphetamine Dependence. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2245-2253. [PMID: 34115731 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug dependence causes an overestimation of drug-related stimuli and an underestimation of non-drug-related stimuli, such as food. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute moderate-intensity dance and aerobic exercise on drug craving, appetite, prefrontal neural activation to food cues, and food reward in women with methamphetamine MA dependence. METHODS Thirty-nine women who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition MA dependence criteria participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to either a dance (n = 20) or exercise (n = 19) group. A moderate-intensity (65%-75% maximum heart rate) 35-min dance or treadmill intervention counterbalanced with a reading control session was conducted. After the intervention or control, subjective drug craving was measured before and after exposure to drug-related cues. Visual analog scales were used to measure subjective feelings of appetite. Participants then completed a visual food cue paradigm while using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor prefrontal blood oxygen changes. Finally, the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire was used to measure reward responses to different categories of food. RESULTS The results showed that the dance and exercise interventions reduced subjective craving for drugs after being exposed to drug cues (P = 0.019). Implicit wanting (P < 0.001) and relative preferences (P = 0.001) for high-calorie savory foods were all increased after interventions relative to control. Compared with the control session, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P = 0.020) was activated when viewing high-calorie foods after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. CONCLUSIONS The current results support the use of moderate-intensity exercise as a therapeutic intervention to restore the balance between drug and nondrug rewards by decreasing cue-induced MA craving and increasing food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | - Graham Finlayson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | - Qichen Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | - Tianze Liu
- People's Liberation Army Second Military Medical University Naval Medical University, Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
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Similar role of mPFC orexin-1 receptors in the acquisition and expression of morphine- and food-induced conditioned place preference in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108764. [PMID: 34450116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-control problems are a typical character of drug addiction and excessive food consumption and it has been shown that natural rewards and drugs of abuse share parts of the same neural substrate and reward processing in the brain. Different brain areas are involved in natural and drug reward processing including the mesolimbic pathway, amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prefrontal cortex. Considering the important role of orexins in the addictive behavior and the presence of orexin-1 subtype receptors (Orx1R) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), this study investigated the role of mPFC in natural- and drug-reward seeking behaviors to deepen our understanding of possible similarities or differences. To induce food- or morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP), adult male Wistar rats underwent CPP testing and received intra-mPFC doses of SB334867 (3, 10, or 30 nM/0.5 μl DMSO 12%), as an Orx1R antagonist, during the acquisition or expression phases of the CPP test. Results indicated that microinjection of Orx1R antagonist into the mPFC had similar effects on both morphine- and food-induced CPP and attenuated CPP scores in the acquisition and expression phases of the CPP test. The data demonstrated that Orx1Rs in the mPFC regulate the reward-related effects of morphine- and food-induced reward.
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25
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Ródenas-González F, Blanco-Gandía MDC, Pascual M, Molari I, Guerri C, López JM, Rodríguez-Arias M. A limited and intermittent access to a high-fat diet modulates the effects of cocaine-induced reinstatement in the conditioned place preference in male and female mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2091-2103. [PMID: 33786639 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Palatable food and drugs of abuse activate common neurobiological pathways and numerous studies suggest that fat consumption increases vulnerability to drug abuse. In addition, preclinical reports show that palatable food may relieve craving for drugs, showing that an ad libitum access to a high-fat diet (HFD) can reduce cocaine-induced reinstatement. OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a limited and intermittent exposure to HFD administered during the extinction and reinstatement processes of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Male and female mice underwent the 10 mg/kg cocaine CPP. From post-conditioning onwards, animals were divided into four groups: SD (standard diet); HFD-MWF with 2-h access to the HFD on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; HFD-24h, with 1-h access every day; and HFD-Ext with 1-h access to the HFD before each extinction session. RESULTS Our results showed that all HFD administrations blocked reinstatement in males, while only the HFD-MWF was able to inhibit reinstatement in females. In addition, HFD-Ext males needed fewer sessions to extinguish the preference, which suggests that administration of fat before being exposed to the environmental cues is effective to extinguish drug-related memories. HFD did not affect Oprμ gene expression but increased CB1r gene expression in the striatum in HFD-Ext males. CONCLUSIONS These results support that palatable food could act as an alternative reward to cocaine, accelerating extinction and blocking reinstatement, these effects being sex specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ródenas-González
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Pascual
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molari
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miñarro López
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Unick JL, Dunsiger SI, Leblond T, Hahn K, Thomas JG, Abrantes AM, Stroud LR, Wing RR. Randomized Trial Examining the Effect of a 12-wk Exercise Program on Hedonic Eating. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1638-1647. [PMID: 34261994 PMCID: PMC8283005 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This efficacy trial tests the hypothesis that exercise training favorably affects hedonic eating (i.e., overeating, stress-induced overeating, disinhibited eating, eating when tempted), in a sample of women who are overweight or obese. METHODS Participants were inactive at baseline, self-identified as "stress eaters," and were randomized to 12 wk of moderate-intensity exercise training (EX; combination of supervised and objectively confirmed unsupervised sessions) or to a no-exercise control condition (CON). EX participants were given an exercise goal of 200 min·wk-1. No dietary instructions or weight control strategies were provided. Assessments occurred at baseline and 12 wk. Overeating episodes, stress-induced overeating, and dietary temptations were measured over 14 d at each assessment using ecological momentary assessment. Disinhibition and dietary restraint were assessed via a questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-nine participants (age, 40.4 ± 10.8 yr; body mass index, 32.4 ± 4.1 kg·m-2) enrolled, and 39 completed this study. Adherence to the exercise intervention was high (99.4% of all prescribed exercise). At week 12, the proportion of eating episodes that were characterized as overeating episodes was lower in EX versus CON (21.98% in EX vs 26.62% in control; P = 0.001). Disinhibition decreased in EX but not in CON (P = 0.02) and was driven by internal factors. There was a trend such that CON was more likely to give into dietary temptations (P = 0.08). Stress-induced overeating was low and did not differ between conditions (P = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS Exercise training reduced the likelihood of overeating and eating in response to internal cues in women who self-identified as stress eaters. This may be one pathway by which exercise affects body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Unick
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Shira I Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Tiffany Leblond
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Korina Hahn
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - J Graham Thomas
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
| | - Ana M Abrantes
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Rena R Wing
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI
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27
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Agustí A, Campillo I, Balzano T, Benítez-Páez A, López-Almela I, Romaní-Pérez M, Forteza J, Felipo V, Avena NM, Sanz Y. Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Modulates the Brain Reward Response to Reduce Binge Eating and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4959-4979. [PMID: 34228269 PMCID: PMC8497301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake via endocrine and neural routes. The gut microbiota is known to impact homeostatic energy mechanisms, but its role in regulating the reward system is less certain. We show that the administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 (B. uniformis) in a rat FA model impacts on the brain reward response, ameliorating binge eating and decreasing anxiety-like behavior. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens and in the expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and intestine. B. uniformis reverses the fasting-induced microbiota changes and increases the abundance of species linked to healthy metabolotypes. Our data indicate that microbiota-based interventions might help to control compulsive overeating by modulating the reward response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicole M Avena
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Yoshizaki T, Togo F. Objectively measured chronotype and social jetlag are associated with habitual dietary intake in undergraduate students. Nutr Res 2021; 90:36-45. [PMID: 34038836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between objectively measured sleep timing and habitual dietary intake among university students. We hypothesized that a later chronotype and larger social jetlag (SJL) are associated with an undesirable dietary intake. The 82 healthy university students included in this study were asked to undertake a seven-day wrist activity recording. All the participants also completed a self-administered questionnaire during the recording period, including questions on demographic characteristics and habitual dietary intakes. Dietary intake and the score for adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top (food guide score) over the previous month were evaluated using a self-reported diet history questionnaire. Nocturnal sleep timing and total sleep time for each night were estimated using the recorded wrist activity. Chronotype was calculated as weekend (WE) mid-sleep time corrected for catch-up sleep on weekdays (WDs). SJL was calculated by subtracting WD mid-sleep time from WE mid-sleep time. Multivariable linear regression showed that a later chronotype was significantly (P < .05) associated with a lower consumption of eggs, greater consumption of grains, and lower food guide score. Multivariable linear regression also showed significant (P < .05) associations of a larger value in SJL with a lower total energy intake, lower consumption of grains, and greater consumption of sugar and confectioneries. The results suggest that chronotype and SJL may be differently associated with undesirable dietary intake in young adults. These findings have important implications for developing novel strategies, focusing on sleep timing, for improving dietary intakes and preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshizaki
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Oura-gun, Itakura-machi, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Fumiharu Togo
- Educational Physiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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29
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de Sa Nogueira D, Bourdy R, Filliol D, Awad G, Andry V, Goumon Y, Olmstead MC, Befort K. Binge sucrose-induced neuroadaptations: A focus on the endocannabinoid system. Appetite 2021; 164:105258. [PMID: 33864862 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating, the defining feature of binge eating disorder (BED), is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes as well as a reduced quality of life. Animals, like humans, selectively binge on highly palatable food suggesting that the behaviour is driven by hedonic, rather than metabolic, signals. Given the links to both reward processing and food intake, this study examined the contribution of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) to binge-like eating in rats. Separate groups were given intermittent (12 h) or continuous (24 h) access to 10% sucrose and food over 28 days, with only the 12 h access group displaying excessive sucrose intake within a discrete period of time (i.e., binge eating). Importantly, this group also exhibited alterations in ECS transcripts and endocannabinoid levels in brain reward regions, including an increase in cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) mRNA in the nucleus accumbens as well as changes in endocannabinoid levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. We then tested whether different doses (1 and 3 mg/kg) of a CB1R antagonist, Rimonabant, modify binge-like intake or the development of a conditioned place preference (CPP) to sucrose. CB1R blockade reduced binge-like intake of sucrose and blocked a sucrose CPP, but only in rats that had undergone 28 days of sucrose consumption. These findings indicate that sucrose bingeing alters the ECS in reward-related areas, modifications that exacerbate the effect of CB1R blockade on sucrose reward. Overall, our results broaden the understanding of neural alterations associated with bingeing eating and demonstrate an important role for CB1R mechanisms in reward processing. In addition, these findings have implications for understanding substance abuse, which is also characterized by excessive and maladaptive intake, pointing towards addictive-like properties of palatable food.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de Sa Nogueira
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg France; Current Address: Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Romain Bourdy
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg France
| | - Dominique Filliol
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg France
| | - Gaëlle Awad
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg France
| | - Virginie Andry
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR 3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR 3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katia Befort
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, 12 rue Goethe, F-67000, Strasbourg France.
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30
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Abstract
In recent years, plenty of researches have reported in obese individuals with abnormal brain processes implicated in homeostatic regulation, reward, emotion, memory, attention, and executive function in eating behaviors. Thus, treating obesity cannot remain "brainless." Behavioral and psychological interventions activate the food reward, attention, and motivation system, leading to minimal weight loss and high relapse rates. Pharmacotherapy is an effective weight loss method and regulate brain activity but with concerns about its brain function safety problems. Obesity surgery, the most effective therapy currently available for obesity, shows pronounced effects on brain activity, such as deactivation of reward and attention system, and activation of inhibition control toward food cues. In this review, we present an overview of alterations in the brain after the three common weight loss methods.
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31
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Moran GW, Thapaliya G. The Gut-Brain Axis and Its Role in Controlling Eating Behavior in Intestinal Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030981. [PMID: 33803651 PMCID: PMC8003054 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition represents a major problem in the clinical management of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Presently, our understanding of the cross-link between eating behavior and intestinal inflammation is still in its infancy. Crohn's disease patients with active disease exhibit strong hedonic desires for food and emotional eating patterns possibly to ameliorate feelings of low mood, anxiety, and depression. Impulsivity traits seen in IBD patients may predispose them to palatable food intake as an immediate reward rather than concerns for future health. The upregulation of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) peptide response to food intake has been described in ileal inflammation, which may lead to alterations in gut-brain signaling with implications for appetite and eating behavior. In summary, a complex interplay of gut peptides, psychological, cognitive factors, disease-related symptoms, and inflammatory burden may ultimately govern eating behavior in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon William Moran
- National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
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32
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García-Cabrerizo R, Carbia C, O Riordan KJ, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota-gut-brain axis as a regulator of reward processes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1495-1524. [PMID: 33368280 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our gut harbours trillions of microorganisms essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and host physiology in health and disease. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the bidirectional pathway of communication between our microbiota and the central nervous system. With regard to reward processes there is accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies that this axis may be a key factor in gating reward valence. Focusing on the mesocorticolimbic pathway, we will discuss how the intestinal microbiota is involved in regulating brain reward functions, both in natural (i.e. eating, social or sexual behaviours) and non-natural reinforcers (drug addiction behaviours including those relevant to alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids and cannabinoids). We will integrate preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be implicated in the development of disorders associated with alterations in the reward system and how it may be targeted as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15065.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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33
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Abstract
Neural circuits in the hypothalamus play a key role in the regulation of human energy homeostasis. A critical circuit involves leptin-responsive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (the infundibular nucleus in humans) expressing the appetite-suppressing neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the appetite-stimulating Agouti-related peptide. In the fed state, the POMC-derived melanocortin peptide α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone stimulates melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4Rs) expressed on second-order neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Agonism of MC4R leads to reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure. Disruption of this hypothalamic circuit by inherited mutations in the genes encoding leptin, the leptin receptor, POMC, and MC4R can lead to severe obesity in humans. The characterization of these and closely related genetic obesity syndromes has informed our understanding of the neural pathways by which leptin regulates energy balance, neuroendocrine function, and the autonomic nervous system. A broader understanding of these neural and molecular mechanisms has paved the way for effective mechanism-based therapies for patients whose severe obesity is driven by disruption of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadaf Farooqi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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34
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Muñoz OH, Alba Maldonado JC, Vargas Rodríguez LJ, Agudelo Sanabria MB. Craving for menthol sweets: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 49:301-304. [PMID: 33328025 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of craving for menthol sweets in a 53-year-old woman with excessive consumption of menthol sweets (100 units/day). She was admitted with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, anxiety associated with onychophagia and pinching of the skin. Organic disorders were ruled out with paraclinical tests and in-hospital treatment was administered. At discharge, the patient's condition was stable, but because of exacerbated pain due to the rheumatological disease, she presented depressive symptoms, requiring her medication to be adjusted. CONCLUSIONS: The "food craving" and anxiety present pathophysiological similarities. Mints have different mechanisms or ways in which they can counteract or control these symptoms, including an increase in serotonin, binding to GABA-A receptors and stimulation of the nicotinic receptor in nerve cells.
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35
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Gupta A, Osadchiy V, Mayer EA. Brain-gut-microbiome interactions in obesity and food addiction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:655-672. [PMID: 32855515 PMCID: PMC7841622 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a complex, maladaptive eating behaviour that reflects alterations in brain-gut-microbiome (BGM) interactions and a shift of this balance towards hedonic mechanisms. Each component of the BGM axis has been implicated in the development of food addiction, with both brain to gut and gut to brain signalling playing a role. Early-life influences can prime the infant gut microbiome and brain for food addiction, which might be further reinforced by increased antibiotic usage and dietary patterns throughout adulthood. The ubiquitous availability and marketing of inexpensive, highly palatable and calorie-dense food can further shift this balance towards hedonic eating through both central (disruptions in dopaminergic signalling) and intestinal (vagal afferent function, metabolic endotoxaemia, systemic immune activation, changes to gut microbiome and metabolome) mechanisms. In this Review, we propose a systems biology model of BGM interactions, which incorporates published reports on food addiction, and provides novel insights into treatment targets aimed at each level of the BGM axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Ingestive Behavior and Obesity Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center at University of California Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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36
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Calarco CA, Picciotto MR. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamus: Mechanisms Related to Nicotine's Effects on Food Intake. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:152-163. [PMID: 30690485 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite health risks associated with smoking, up to 20% of the US population persist in this behavior; many smoke to control body weight or appetite, and fear of post-cessation weight gain can motivate continued smoking. Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and cessation yields an average weight gain of about 4 kg, which is thought to reflect a return to the body weight of a typical nonsmoker. Nicotine replacement therapies can delay this weight gain but do not prevent it altogether, and the underlying mechanism for how nicotine is able to reduce weight is not fully understood. In rodent models, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Manipulation of nAChR subunit expression within the ARC can block the ability of nicotine and the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake; however, it is unknown exactly how this reduces food intake. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical work on nicotine, food intake, and weight gain, then explores the feeding circuitry of the ARC and how it is regulated by nicotine. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis for how nicotine acts on this hypothalamic circuit to reduce food intake. Implications: This review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the clinical and preclinical work examining nicotine and food intake, as well as a summary of recent work examining feeding circuits of the hypothalamus. Synthesis of these two topics has led to new understanding of how nAChR signaling regulates food intake circuits in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Potential therapeutic applications of the gut microbiome in obesity: from brain function to body detoxification. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1818-1831. [PMID: 32523034 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is rising every year and associated comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a potential target for therapeutic applications to prevent and treat those comorbidities. In this review, we focus on three conditions related to obesity in which the use of gut microbiota modulators could have benefits; mood disorders, eating behaviors, and body detoxification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). On one hand, modulation of gut-derived signals to the brain in a context of obesity is involved in the development of neuroinflammation and can subsequently alter behaviors. An altered gut microbiome could change these signals and alleviate their consequences. On the other hand, obesity is associated with an increased accumulation of lipophilic contaminants, such as POPs. Targeting the microbiota could help body detoxication by reducing bioavailability, enhancing degradation by bioremediation or their excretion through the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, a supplementation of prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics could represent a complementary strategy to current ones, such as medication and lifestyle modifications, to decrease depression, alter eating behaviors, and lower body burden of pollutants considering the actual obesity epidemic our society is facing.
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Children's Health in the Digital Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093240. [PMID: 32384728 PMCID: PMC7246471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental studies, metabolic research, and state of the art research in neurobiology point towards the reduced amount of natural day and sunlight exposure of the developing child, as a consequence of increasingly long hours spent indoors online, as the single unifying source of a whole set of health risks identified worldwide, as is made clear in this review of currently available literature. Over exposure to digital environments, from abuse to addiction, now concerns even the youngest (ages 0 to 2) and triggers, as argued on the basis of clear examples herein, a chain of interdependent negative and potentially long-term metabolic changes. This leads to a deregulation of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter pathways in the developing brain, currently associated with online activity abuse and/or internet addiction, and akin to that found in severe substance abuse syndromes. A general functional working model is proposed under the light of evidence brought to the forefront in this review.
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Wang H, Chen Y, Li X, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhou C. Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Restores Appetite and Prefrontal Brain Activity to Images of Food Among Persons Dependent on Methamphetamine: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:400. [PMID: 31798434 PMCID: PMC6863778 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain prefrontal control system is critical to successful recovery from substance use disorders, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regulates striatal reward-related processes. Substance-dependent individuals exhibit an increased response to drug rewards and decreased response to natural, nondrug rewards. Short-term aerobic exercise can ameliorate craving and inhibitory deficits in methamphetamine users, but the effect of exercise on food reward is unknown. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure the effects of moderate- and high-intensity short-term aerobic exercise on prefrontal activity related to food images and recorded the subjective feelings of appetite in methamphetamine-dependent users. In total, 56 men who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria for methamphetamine dependence, with a mean (SD) body mass index of 24.7 (3.5) kg/m2 and age of 30.2 (5.1) years, were randomly assigned to one of two exercise groups: moderate intensity (n = 28; 65%-75% of maximum heart rate) and high intensity (n = 28; 76%-85% of heart rate maximum). Each group also performed a resting control session for 35 min 1 week before or after the exercise, in a counterbalanced order. Mean oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes in the PFC when viewing visual food cues were assessed by fNIRS, and subjective feelings of appetite were self-rated using visual analog scales after moderate- or high-intensity aerobic exercise and after the resting control session. A continuous-wave NIRS device was used to obtain functional data: eight sources and seven detectors were placed on the scalp covering the PFC, resulting in 20 channels per participant. We found that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased both, the activation of the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to images of high-calorie food (P = 0.02) and subjective sensations of hunger (F (1,54) = 7.16, P = 0.01). To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increases OFC activity associated with high-calorie food images and stimulates appetite in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. These changes suggest that exercise may reestablish the food reward pathway hijacked by drugs and restore sensitivity to natural rewards. This evidence may contribute to the development of specific exercise programs for populations with methamphetamine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiawen Li
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Wang
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Mendoza J. Food intake and addictive-like eating behaviors: Time to think about the circadian clock(s). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:122-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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West KS, Lawson V, Swanson AM, Dunigan AI, Roseberry AG. Amphetamine Dose-Dependently Decreases and Increases Binge Intake of Fat and Sucrose Independent of Sex. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1874-1882. [PMID: 31562706 PMCID: PMC6832849 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amphetamine was formerly used as a treatment to combat obesity, but amphetamine's use as an appetite suppressant was discontinued because of its significant abuse potential. Most of the rewarding and reinforcing effects of amphetamine differ by sex, with females showing higher levels of drug intake and amphetamine-induced motivation, relapse, and locomotion, but it is unknown whether amphetamine's effects on feeding also differ by sex. Furthermore, previous research on the anorectic effects of amphetamine has been focused primarily on its effects on baseline homeostatic feeding, but it is unknown whether amphetamine also affects hedonic, reward-related feeding, which is an important factor driving the rise in obesity levels. METHODS This study tested whether amphetamine alters food intake in a sex-dependent manner in two reward-related feeding paradigms: a sucrose two-bottle choice test and a high-fat/high-sugar binge intake model. RESULTS Amphetamine altered food intake equally in males and females in both paradigms, with higher doses significantly inhibiting feeding and low doses of amphetamine increasing feeding at later time points. CONCLUSIONS Amphetamine's effects on feeding and drug reward may be mediated by distinct mechanisms, which could allow for the development of new approaches to combat obesity with limited abuse and addiction-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Stuhrman West
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Valen Lawson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Institute on Neuroscience Summer Research Program, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew M Swanson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna I Dunigan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aaron G Roseberry
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Babbs RK, Beierle JA, Ruan QT, Kelliher JC, Chen MM, Feng AX, Kirkpatrick SL, Benitez FA, Rodriguez FA, Pierre JJ, Anandakumar J, Kumar V, Mulligan MK, Bryant CD. Cyfip1 Haploinsufficiency Increases Compulsive-Like Behavior and Modulates Palatable Food Intake in Mice: Dependence on Cyfip2 Genetic Background, Parent-of Origin, and Sex. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3009-3022. [PMID: 31324746 PMCID: PMC6723122 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is a heritable trait associated with eating disorders and involves episodes of rapid, large amounts of food consumption. We previously identified cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) as a genetic factor underlying compulsive-like BE in mice. CYFIP2 is a homolog of CYFIP1 which is one of four paternally-deleted genes in patients with Type I Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder whereby 70% of cases involve paternal 15q11-q13 deletion. PWS symptoms include hyperphagia, obesity (if untreated), cognitive deficits, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. We tested whether Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency (+/-) would enhance compulsive-like behavior and palatable food (PF) intake in a parental origin- and sex-dependent manner on two Cyfip2 genetic backgrounds, including the BE-prone C57BL/6N (Cyfip2N/N) background and the BE-resistant C57BL/6J (Cyfip2J/J) background. Cyfip1+/- mice showed increased compulsive-like behavior on both backgrounds and increased PF intake on the Cyfip2N/N background. In contrast, maternal Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency on the BE-resistant Cyfip2J/J background induced a robust escalation in PF intake in wild-type Cyfip1J/J males while having no effect in Cyfip1J/- males. Notably, induction of behavioral phenotypes in wild-type males following maternal Fmr1+/- has previously been reported. In the hypothalamus, there was a paternally-enhanced reduction in CYFIP1 protein whereas in the nucleus accumbens, there was a maternally-enhanced reduction in CYFIP1 protein. Nochange in FMR1 protein (FMRP) was observed in Cyfip1+/- mice, regardless of parental origin. To summarize, Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency increased compulsive-like behavior and induced genetic background-dependent, sex-dependent, and parent-of-origin-dependent effects on PF consumption and CYFIP1 expression that could have relevance for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Babbs
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
- T32 NIGMS Training Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology
- Boston University's Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS), Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Qiu T Ruan
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
- T32 NIGMS Training Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology
- Boston University's Transformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS), Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Julia C Kelliher
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Melanie M Chen
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Ashley X Feng
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Stacey L Kirkpatrick
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Fabiola A Benitez
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Fred A Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Johanne J Pierre
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Jeya Anandakumar
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, ME 04609, and
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas St, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry
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Farr OM, Pilitsi E, Mantzoros CS. Of mice and men: incretin actions in the central nervous system. Metabolism 2019; 98:121-135. [PMID: 31173757 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incretins have risen to the forefront of therapies for obesity and related metabolic complications, primarily because of their efficacy and relatively few side effects. Importantly, their efficacy in altering energy balance and decreasing body weight is apparently through actions in the central nervous system (CNS); the latter may have implications beyond obesity per se, i.e. in other disease states associated with obesity including CNS-related disorders. Here, we first describe the role of the CNS in energy homeostasis and then the current state of knowledge in terms of incretin physiology, pathophysiology and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. In the future, more clinical studies are needed to fully map mechanistic pathways underlying incretin actions and outcomes in the human CNS. Additionally, future research will likely lead to the discovery of additional novel incretins and/or more efficacious medications with less side effects through the improvement of current compounds with properties that would allow them to have more favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and/or by combining known and novel incretins into safe and more efficacious combination therapies leading ultimately to more tangible benefits for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Eleni Pilitsi
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
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Saad L, Sartori M, Pol Bodetto S, Romieu P, Kalsbeek A, Zwiller J, Anglard P. Regulation of Brain DNA Methylation Factors and of the Orexinergic System by Cocaine and Food Self-Administration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5315-5331. [PMID: 30603957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA methylation and orexin type-1 receptor antagonists modulate the neurobiological effects driving drugs of abuse and natural reinforcers by activating common brain structures of the mesolimbic reward system. In this study, we applied a self-administration paradigm to assess the involvement of factors regulating DNA methylation processes and satiety or appetite signals. These factors include Dnmts and Tets, miR-212/132, orexins, and orx-R1 genes. The study focused on dopamine projection areas such as the prefrontal cortex (PFCx) and caudate putamen (CPu) and in the hypothalamus (HP) that is interconnected with the reward system. Striking changes were observed in response to both reinforcers, but differed depending on contingent and non-contingent delivery. Expression also differed in the PFCx and the CPu. Cocaine and food induced opposite effects on Dnmt3a expression in both brain structures, whereas they repressed both miRs to a different extent, without affecting their primary transcript in the CPu. Unexpectedly, orexin mRNAs were found in the CPu, suggesting a transport from their transcription site in the HP. The orexin receptor1 gene was found to be induced by cocaine in the PFCx, consistent with a regulation by DNA methylation. Global levels of 5-methylcytosines in the PFCx were not significantly altered by cocaine, suggesting that it is rather their distribution that contributes to long-lasting behaviors. Together, our data demonstrate that DNA methylation regulating factors are differentially altered by cocaine and food. At the molecular level, they support the idea that neural circuits activated by both reinforcers do not completely overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Saad
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Sartori
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- IGBMC, Inserm U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sarah Pol Bodetto
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Romieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean Zwiller
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Anglard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
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Marijuana Use among African American Older Adults in Economically Challenged Areas of South Los Angeles. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070166. [PMID: 31315249 PMCID: PMC6681052 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study explored demographic, social, behavioral, and health factors associated with current marijuana use (MU) among African American older adults who were residing in economically challenged areas of south Los Angeles. Methods: This community-based study recruited a consecutive sample of African American older adults (n = 340), age ≥ 55 years, residing in economically challenged areas of South Los Angeles. Interviews were conducted to collect data. Demographics (age and gender), socioeconomic status (educational attainment, income, and financial strain), marital status, living alone, health behaviors (alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking), health status (number of chronic medical conditions, body mass index, depression, and chronic pain), and current MU were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Thirty (9.1%) participants reported current MU. Age, educational attainment, chronic medical conditions, and obesity were negatively associated with current MU. Gender, income, financial strain, living alone, marital status, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, depression, and pain did not correlate with MU. Conclusion: Current MU is more common in younger, healthier, less obese, less educated African American older adults. It does not seem that African American older adults use marijuana for the self-medication of chronic disease, pain, or depression. For African American older adults, MU also does not co-occur with cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. These results may help clinicians who provide services for older African Americans in economically challenged urban areas.
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Behavioral profile of intermittent vs continuous access to a high fat diet during adolescence. Behav Brain Res 2019; 368:111891. [PMID: 31009646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive functions have been broadly studied as a model of obesity, although no studies have evaluated whether these effects are maintained after the cessation of this diet. In addition, the behavioral effects of having a limited access to an HFD (binge-eating pattern) are mostly unknown, although they dramatically increase the vulnerability to drug use in contrast to having continuous access. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an intermittent versus a continuous exposure to an HFD during adolescence on cognition and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as to study the changes observed after the interruption of this diet. Adolescent male mice received for 40 days a standard diet, an HFD with continuous access or an HFD with sporadic limited access (2 h, three days a week). Two additional groups were fed with intermittent or continuous access to the HFD and withdrawn from this diet 15 days before the behavioral tests. Only the animals with a continuous access to the HFD showed higher circulating leptin levels, increased bodyweight, marked memory and spatial learning deficits, symptoms that disappeared after 15 days of HFD abstinence. Mice that binged on fat only showed hyperlocomotion, which normalized after 15 days of HFD cessation. However, discontinuation of fat, either in a binge or a continuous pattern, led to an increase in anxiety-like behavior. These results highlight that exposure to a high-fat diet during adolescence induces alterations in brain functions, although the way in which this diet is ingested determines the extent of these behavioral changes.
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Versace F, Frank DW, Stevens EM, Deweese MM, Guindani M, Schembre SM. The reality of "food porn": Larger brain responses to food-related cues than to erotic images predict cue-induced eating. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13309. [PMID: 30556253 PMCID: PMC6446735 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While some individuals can defy the lure of temptation, many others find appetizing food irresistible. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological mechanisms that increase individuals' vulnerability to cue-induced eating. Using ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity, we showed that individuals with larger late positive potentials in response to food-related cues than to erotic images are more susceptible to cue-induced eating and, in the presence of a palatable food option, eat more than twice as much as individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile. By highlighting the presence of individual brain reactivity profiles associated with susceptibility to cue-induced eating, these findings contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological basis of vulnerability to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - David W. Frank
- Department of Behavioral ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Elise M. Stevens
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma
| | - Menton M. Deweese
- Department of Teaching and LearningVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of StatisticsThe University of California, IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Susan M. Schembre
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Arizona, College of Medicine–TucsonTucsonArizona
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Hernandez NS, Schmidt HD. Central GLP-1 receptors: Novel molecular targets for cocaine use disorder. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:93-105. [PMID: 30930091 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Given that the search for effective pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder has, thus far, been fruitless, there remains a critical need for conceptually innovative approaches toward identifying new medications to treat this disease. A better understanding of the neurocircuits and neurobiological mechanisms underlying cocaine taking and seeking may identify molecular substrates that could serve as targets for novel pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine use disorder. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists could be re-purposed to treat cocaine craving-induced relapse. This review endeavors to comprehensively summarize the current literature investigating the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in reducing the rewarding and reinforcing effects of cocaine in animal models of cocaine use disorder. The role of central endogenous GLP-1 circuits in voluntary cocaine taking and seeking is also discussed. Behavioral, neurochemical, electrophysiological and molecular biology studies indicate that central GLP-1 receptor activation functionally modulates the mesolimbic reward system and decreases addiction-like phenotypes in rodents. Overall, an emerging preclinical literature provides compelling evidence to advance GLP-1 receptor agonists into clinical trials testing the efficacy of these medications in preventing cocaine craving-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Hernandez
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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Pucci M, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Zaplatic E, Bellia F, Maccarrone M, Cifani C, D'Addario C. Transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a rat model of binge-eating behavior reveals a selective modulation of the hypothalamic fatty acid amide hydrolase gene. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:51-60. [PMID: 30578649 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge-eating episodes are recurrent and are defining features of several eating disorders. Thus binge-eating episodes might influence eating disorder development of which exact underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. METHODS Here we focused on the transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system, a potent regulator of feeding behavior, in relevant rat brain regions, using a rat model in which a history of intermittent food restriction and a frustration stress induce binge-like palatable food consumption. RESULTS We observed a selective down-regulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah) gene expression in the hypothalamus of rats showing the binge-eating behavior with a consistent reduction in histone 3 acetylation at lysine 4 of the gene promoter. No relevant changes were detected for any other endocannabinoid system components in any brain regions under study, as well as for the other epigenetic mechanisms investigated (DNA methylation and histone 3 lysine 27 methylation) at the faah gene promoter. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that faah transcriptional regulation is a potential biomarker of binge-eating episodes, with a relevant role in the homeostatic regulation of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeta Zaplatic
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Masuzaki H, Kozuka C, Okamoto S, Yonamine M, Tanaka H, Shimabukuro M. Brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol as a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against diabetes mellitus and obesity in humans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:18-25. [PMID: 29978570 PMCID: PMC6319487 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic overconsumption of animal fats causes a variety of health problems, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Underlying molecular mechanisms encompass leptin resistance, a decrease in rewarding effects of physical activities, xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in vasculature and peripheral tissue, impaired activation of incretin signaling, deviation in food preference, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Based on our clinical observation that daily intake of brown rice effectively ameliorates bodyweight gain, impaired glucose tolerance/insulin resistance and dependence on fatty foods in obese, prediabetes men, a line of research on brown rice (rice bran)-derived γ-oryzanol in mice experiments, cultured cells and human clinical trials is underway in our laboratory. Our works in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, an ester mixture of ferulic acid and several kinds of phytosterols, acts as a molecular chaperone, thereby attenuating the strong preference for animal fats through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus. In pancreatic islets from both high-fat diet-induced and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, γ-oryzanol ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protects β-cells against apoptosis. Noticeably, γ-oryzanol also acts as a potent inhibitor against deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases in the brain reward system (striatum) in mice, thereby attenuating, at least partly, the preference for a high-fat diet through the epigenetic modulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptor. Because dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain reward system is considerably attenuated in obese humans and rodents, γ-oryzanol might represent a unique property to ameliorate both hedonic and metabolic dysregulation of feeding behavior, highlighting a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | | | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismSchool of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
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