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Seferi G, Mjønes HS, Havik M, Reiersen H, Dalen KT, Nordengen K, Morland C. Distribution of lipid droplets in hippocampal neurons and microglia: impact of diabetes and exercise. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302239. [PMID: 39117458 PMCID: PMC11310565 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders are associated with excessive accumulation of neutral lipids in lipid droplets (LDs) in microglia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may cause neuroinflammation and is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we show that hippocampal pyramidal neurons contain smaller, more abundant LDs than their neighboring microglia. The density of LDs varied between pyramidal cells in adjacent subregions, with CA3 neurons containing more LDs than CA1 neurons. Within the CA3 region, a gradual increase in the LD content along the pyramidal layer from the hilus toward CA2 was observed. Interestingly, the high neuronal LD content correlated with less ramified microglial morphotypes. Using the db/db model of T2DM, we demonstrated that diabetes increased the number of LDs per microglial cell without affecting the neuronal LD density. High-intensity interval exercise induced smaller changes in the number of LDs in microglia but was not sufficient to counteract the diabetes-induced changes in LD accumulation. The changes observed in response to T2DM may contribute to the cerebral effects of T2DM and provide a mechanistic link between T2DM and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezime Seferi
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald S Mjønes
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Havik
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Herman Reiersen
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Morland
- https://ror.org/01xtthb56 Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Vitantonio AT, Dimovasili C, Mortazavi F, Vaughan KL, Mattison JA, Rosene DL. Long-term calorie restriction reduces oxidative DNA damage to oligodendroglia and promotes homeostatic microglia in the aging monkey brain. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 141:1-13. [PMID: 38788462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is a robust intervention that can slow biological aging and extend lifespan. In the brain, terminally differentiated neurons and glia accumulate oxidative damage with age, reducing their optimal function. We investigated if CR could reduce oxidative DNA damage to white matter oligodendrocytes and microglia. This study utilized post-mortem brain tissue from rhesus monkeys that died after decades on a 30 % reduced calorie diet. We found that CR subjects had significantly fewer cells with oxidative damage within the corpus callosum and the cingulum bundle. Oligodendrocytes specifically showed the greatest response to CR with a robust reduction in DNA damage. Additionally, we observed alterations in microglia morphology with CR subjects having a higher proportion of ramified, homeostatic microglia and fewer pro-inflammatory, hypertrophic microglia relative to controls. Furthermore, we determined that the observed attenuation in damaged DNA occurs primarily within mitochondria. Overall, these data suggest that long-term CR can reduce oxidative DNA damage and offer a neuroprotective effect in a cell-type-specific manner in the aging monkey brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Vitantonio
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biophysics, 700 Albany St., Room 308, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 72 East Concord St, Room L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Christina Dimovasili
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 72 East Concord St, Room L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Farzad Mortazavi
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 72 East Concord St, Room L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kelli L Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, 72 East Concord St, Room L1004, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University, Center for Systems Neuroscience, 610 Commonwealth Ave., 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Kuca K, You L, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Adam V, Wu Q, Jomova K. The role of cellular senescence in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2393-2408. [PMID: 38744709 PMCID: PMC11272704 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that cellular senescence drives NDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Different senescent cell populations secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), including matrix metalloproteinase-3, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and IL-8, which can harm adjacent microglia. Moreover, these cells possess high expression levels of senescence hallmarks (p16 and p21) and elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in in vitro and in vivo ND models. These senescence phenotypes contribute to the deposition of β-amyloid and tau-protein tangles. Selective clearance of senescent cells and SASP regulation by inhibiting p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling attenuate β-amyloid load and prevent tau-protein tangle deposition, thereby improving cognitive performance in AD mouse models. In addition, telomere shortening, a cellular senescence biomarker, is associated with increased ND risks. Telomere dysfunction causes cellular senescence, stimulating IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β secretions. The forced expression of telomerase activators prevents cellular senescence, yielding considerable neuroprotective effects. This review elucidates the mechanism of cellular senescence in ND pathogenesis, suggesting strategies to eliminate or restore senescent cells to a normal phenotype for treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Pramanik S, Devi M H, Chakrabarty S, Paylar B, Pradhan A, Thaker M, Ayyadhury S, Manavalan A, Olsson PE, Pramanik G, Heese K. Microglia signaling in health and disease - Implications in sex-specific brain development and plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105834. [PMID: 39084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, the intrinsic neuroimmune cells residing in the central nervous system (CNS), exert a pivotal influence on brain development, homeostasis, and functionality, encompassing critical roles during both aging and pathological states. Recent advancements in comprehending brain plasticity and functions have spotlighted conspicuous variances between male and female brains, notably in neurogenesis, neuronal myelination, axon fasciculation, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise impact of microglia on sex-specific brain cell plasticity, sculpting diverse neural network architectures and circuits, remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to unravel the present understanding of microglial involvement in brain development, plasticity, and function, with a specific emphasis on microglial signaling in brain sex polymorphism. Commencing with an overview of microglia in the CNS and their associated signaling cascades, we subsequently probe recent revelations regarding molecular signaling by microglia in sex-dependent brain developmental plasticity, functions, and diseases. Notably, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), calcium (Ca2+), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) emerge as molecular candidates significantly contributing to sex-dependent brain development and plasticity. In conclusion, we address burgeoning inquiries surrounding microglia's pivotal role in the functional diversity of developing and aging brains, contemplating their potential implications for gender-tailored therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Pramanik
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Harini Devi M
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Saswata Chakrabarty
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Berkay Paylar
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Manisha Thaker
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Inc., 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Shamini Ayyadhury
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arulmani Manavalan
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Per-Erik Olsson
- Biology, The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 70182, Sweden
| | - Gopal Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133791, the Republic of Korea.
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Craig GA, Ryan L, Thapar J, McNamara NB, Hoffmann A, Page D, Rose J, Cox SR, Miron VE. Reflective imaging of myelin integrity in the human and mouse central nervous systems. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1408182. [PMID: 39049821 PMCID: PMC11266064 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1408182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural integrity of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for the maintenance of its function. Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for visualizing individual myelin sheaths. However, the tissue processing involved can induce artifacts such as shearing of myelin, which can be difficult to distinguish from true myelin abnormalities. Spectral confocal reflectance (SCoRe) microscopy is an imaging technique that leverages the differential refractive indices of compacted CNS myelin in comparison to surrounding parenchyma to detect individual compact myelin internodes with reflected light, positioning SCoRe as a possible complementary method to EM to assess myelin integrity. Whether SCoRe is sensitive enough to detect losses in myelin compaction when myelin quantity is otherwise unaffected has not yet been directly tested. Here, we assess the capacity of SCoRe to detect differences in myelin compaction in two mouse models that exhibit a loss of myelin compaction without demyelination: microglia-deficient mice (Csf1r-FIRE Δ/Δ) and wild-type mice fed with the CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622. In addition, we compare the ability to detect compact myelin sheaths using SCoRe in fixed-frozen versus paraffin-embedded mouse tissue. Finally, we show that SCoRe can successfully detect individual sheaths in aged human paraffin-embedded samples of deep white matter regions. As such, we find SCoRe to be an attractive technique to investigate myelin integrity, with sufficient sensitivity to detect myelin ultrastructural abnormalities and the ability to perform equally well in tissue preserved using different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A. Craig
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ryan
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Thapar
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niamh B. McNamara
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alana Hoffmann
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rose
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique E. Miron
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Fritze J, Muralidharan C, Stamp E, Ahlenius H. Microglia undergo disease-associated transcriptional activation and CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 expression regulates neurogenesis in the aged brain. Dev Neurobiol 2024; 84:128-141. [PMID: 38616340 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis continues throughout life but declines dramatically with age and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. In parallel, microglia become activated resulting in chronic inflammation in the aged brain. A unique type of microglia, suggested to support neurogenesis, exists in the subventricular zone (SVZ), but little is known how they are affected by aging. We analyzed the transcriptome of aging microglia and identified a unique neuroprotective activation profile in aged SVZ microglia, which is partly shared with disease-associated microglia (DAM). CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) is characteristically expressed by brain microglia where it directs migration to targets for phagocytosis. We show that Cx3cr1 expression, as in DAM, is downregulated in old SVZ microglia and that heterozygous Cx3cr1 mice have increased proliferation and neuroblast number in the aged SVZ but not in the dentate gyrus, identifying CX3CR1 signaling as a novel age and brain region-specific regulator of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fritze
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chandramouli Muralidharan
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Neurogenetics Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eleanor Stamp
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ahlenius
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cells, Aging and Neurodegeneration Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
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Hupfeld KE, Murali-Manohar S, Zöllner HJ, Song Y, Davies-Jenkins CW, Gudmundson AT, Simičić D, Simegn G, Carter EE, Hui SCN, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Porges EC, Edden RAE. Metabolite T 2 relaxation times decrease across the adult lifespan in a large multi-site cohort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.19.599719. [PMID: 38979133 PMCID: PMC11230243 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Relaxation correction is crucial for accurately estimating metabolite concentrations measured using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). However, the majority of MRS quantification routines assume that relaxation values remain constant across the lifespan, despite prior evidence of T2 changes with aging for multiple of the major metabolites. Here, we comprehensively investigate correlations between T2 and age in a large, multi-site cohort. Methods We recruited approximately 10 male and 10 female participants from each decade of life: 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60+ years old (n=101 total). We collected PRESS data at 8 TEs (30, 50, 74, 101, 135, 179, 241, and 350 ms) from voxels placed in white-matter-rich centrum semiovale (CSO) and gray-matter-rich posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We quantified metabolite amplitudes using Osprey and fit exponential decay curves to estimate T2. Results Older age was correlated with shorter T2 for tNAA, tCr3.0, tCr3.9, tCho, Glx, and tissue water in CSO and PCC; rs = -0.21 to -0.65, all p<0.05, FDR-corrected for multiple comparisons. These associations remained statistically significant when controlling for cortical atrophy. T2 values did not differ across the adult lifespan for mI. By region, T2 values were longer in the CSO for tNAA, tCr3.0, tCr3.9, Glx, and tissue water and longer in the PCC for tCho and mI. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of considering metabolite T2 changes with aging in MRS quantification. We suggest that future 3T work utilize the equations presented here to estimate age-specific T2 values instead of relying on uniform default values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J. Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron T. Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dunja Simičić
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gizeaddis Simegn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily E. Carter
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steve C. N. Hui
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, D.C. USA
- Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric C. Porges
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Fettig NM, Pu A, Osborne LC, Gommerman JL. The influence of aging and the microbiome in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38890777 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is well-recognized as a key player in maintaining health. However, it is a dynamic entity that changes across the lifespan. How the microbial changes that occur in later decades of life shape host health or impact age-associated inflammatory neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear. Current understanding of the aging gut microbiome is largely limited to cross-sectional observational studies. Moreover, studies in humans are limited by confounding host-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are not easily disentangled from aging. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the aging gut microbiome and its known relationships with neurological diseases, with a specific focus on MS. We will also discuss preclinical animal models and human studies that shed light on the complex microbiota-host interactions that have the potential to influence disease pathology and progression in aging individuals. Lastly, we propose potential avenues of investigation to deconvolute features of an aging microbiota that contribute to disease, or alternatively promote health in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annie Pu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Planas AM. Role of microglia in stroke. Glia 2024; 72:1016-1053. [PMID: 38173414 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play key roles in the post-ischemic inflammatory response and damaged tissue removal reacting rapidly to the disturbances caused by ischemia and working to restore the lost homeostasis. However, the modified environment, encompassing ionic imbalances, disruption of crucial neuron-microglia interactions, spreading depolarization, and generation of danger signals from necrotic neurons, induce morphological and phenotypic shifts in microglia. This leads them to adopt a proinflammatory profile and heighten their phagocytic activity. From day three post-ischemia, macrophages infiltrate the necrotic core while microglia amass at the periphery. Further, inflammation prompts a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate shunt, and lipid synthesis. These shifts, combined with phagocytic lipid intake, drive lipid droplet biogenesis, fuel anabolism, and enable microglia proliferation. Proliferating microglia release trophic factors contributing to protection and repair. However, some microglia accumulate lipids persistently and transform into dysfunctional and potentially harmful foam cells. Studies also showed microglia that either display impaired apoptotic cell clearance, or eliminate synapses, viable neurons, or endothelial cells. Yet, it will be essential to elucidate the viability of engulfed cells, the features of the local environment, the extent of tissue damage, and the temporal sequence. Ischemia provides a rich variety of region- and injury-dependent stimuli for microglia, evolving with time and generating distinct microglia phenotypes including those exhibiting proinflammatory or dysfunctional traits and others showing pro-repair features. Accurate profiling of microglia phenotypes, alongside with a more precise understanding of the associated post-ischemic tissue conditions, is a necessary step to serve as the potential foundation for focused interventions in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Planas
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Diseases, Area of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Kohli JS, Linke AC, Martindale IA, Wilkinson M, Kinnear MK, Lincoln AJ, Hau J, Shryock I, Omaleki V, Alemu K, Pedrahita S, Fishman I, Müller R, Carper RA. Associations between atypical intracortical myelin content and neuropsychological functions in middle to older aged adults with ASD. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3594. [PMID: 38849980 PMCID: PMC11161394 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In vivo myeloarchitectonic mapping based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a unique view of gray matter myelin content and offers information complementary to other morphological indices commonly employed in studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study sought to determine if intracortical myelin content (MC) and its age-related trajectories differ between middle aged to older adults with ASD and age-matched typical comparison participants. METHODS Data from 30 individuals with ASD and 36 age-matched typical comparison participants aged 40-70 years were analyzed. Given substantial heterogeneity in both etiology and outcomes in ASD, we utilized both group-level and subject-level analysis approaches to test for signs of atypical intracortical MC as estimated by T1w/T2w ratio. RESULTS Group-level analyses showed no significant differences in average T1w/T2w ratio or its associations with age between groups, but revealed significant positive main effects of age bilaterally, with T1w/T2w ratio increasing with age across much of the cortex. In subject-level analyses, participants were classified into subgroups based on presence or absence of clusters of aberrant T1w/T2w ratio, and lower neuropsychological function was observed in the ASD subgroup with atypically high T1w/T2w ratio in spatially heterogeneous cortical regions. These differences were observed across several neuropsychological domains, including overall intellectual functioning, processing speed, and aspects of executive function. CONCLUSIONS The group-level and subject-level approaches employed here demonstrate the value of examining inter-individual variability and provide important preliminary insights into relationships between brain structure and cognition in the second half of the lifespan in ASD, suggesting shared factors contributing to atypical intracortical myelin content and poorer cognitive outcomes for a subset of middle aged to older autistic adults. These atypicalities likely reflect diverse histories of neurodevelopmental deficits, and possible compensatory changes, compounded by processes of aging, and may serve as useful markers of vulnerability to further cognitive decline in older adults with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwandeep S. Kohli
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Annika C. Linke
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian A. Martindale
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Molly Wilkinson
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mikaela K. Kinnear
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alan J. Lincoln
- California School of Professional PsychologyAlliant International UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Janice Hau
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian Shryock
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vinton Omaleki
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kalekirstos Alemu
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Pedrahita
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Inna Fishman
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ralph‐Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruth A. Carper
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of PsychologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Beiter RM, Sheehan PW, Schafer DP. Microglia phagocytic mechanisms: Development informing disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102877. [PMID: 38631077 PMCID: PMC11162951 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages and professional phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). In development, microglia-mediated phagocytosis is important for sculpting the cellular architecture. This includes the engulfment of dead/dying cells, pruning extranumerary synapses and axons, and phagocytosing fragments of myelin sheaths. Intriguingly, these developmental phagocytic mechanisms by which microglia sculpt the CNS are now appreciated as important for eliminating synapses, myelin, and proteins during neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss parallels between neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which highlights how development is informing disease. We further discuss recent advances and challenges towards therapeutically targeting these phagocytic pathways and how we can leverage development to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Beiter
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick W Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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12
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Ukraintseva S, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Arbeev K, Duan H, Gorbunova G, Stallard E, Yashin A. Associations of infections and vaccines with Alzheimer's disease point to a role of compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen in AD. Exp Gerontol 2024; 190:112411. [PMID: 38548241 PMCID: PMC11060001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverse pathogens (viral, bacterial, fungal) have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related traits in various studies. This suggests that compromised immunity, rather than specific microbes, may play a role in AD by increasing an individual's vulnerability to various infections, which could contribute to neurodegeneration. If true, then vaccines that have heterologous effects on immunity, extending beyond protection against the targeted disease, may hold a potential for AD prevention. METHODS We evaluated the associations of common adult infections (herpes simplex, zoster (shingles), pneumonia, and recurrent mycoses), and vaccinations against shingles and pneumonia, with the risks of AD and other dementias in a pseudorandomized sample of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). RESULTS Shingles, pneumonia and mycoses, diagnosed between ages 65 and 75, were all associated with significantly increased risk of AD later in life, by 16 %-42 %. Pneumococcal and shingles vaccines administered between ages 65-75 were both associated with a significantly lower risk of AD, by 15 %-21 %. These effects became less pronounced when AD was combined with other dementias. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that both the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and the live attenuated zoster vaccine can offer significant protection against AD. It remains to be determined if non-live shingles vaccine has a similar beneficial effect on AD. This study also found significant associations of various infections with the risk of AD, but not with the risks of other dementias. This indicates that vulnerability to infections may play a more significant role in AD than in other types of dementia, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Arseniy P Yashkin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Igor Akushevich
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hongzhe Duan
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Galina Gorbunova
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Chen X, Luo Y, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Huang H, Kan Y, Li D, Xu M, Liu S, Li J, Pan J, Zhang L, Guo Y, Wang B, Qi G, Zhou Z, Zhang CY, Fang L, Wang Y, Chen X. Small extracellular vesicles from young plasma reverse age-related functional declines by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:814-838. [PMID: 38627524 PMCID: PMC11186790 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Recent investigations into heterochronic parabiosis have unveiled robust rejuvenating effects of young blood on aged tissues. However, the specific rejuvenating mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Here we demonstrate that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the plasma of young mice counteract pre-existing aging at molecular, mitochondrial, cellular and physiological levels. Intravenous injection of young sEVs into aged mice extends their lifespan, mitigates senescent phenotypes and ameliorates age-associated functional declines in multiple tissues. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified substantial alterations in the proteomes of aged tissues after young sEV treatment, and these changes are closely associated with metabolic processes. Mechanistic investigations reveal that young sEVs stimulate PGC-1α expression in vitro and in vivo through their miRNA cargoes, thereby improving mitochondrial functions and mitigating mitochondrial deficits in aged tissues. Overall, this study demonstrates that young sEVs reverse degenerative changes and age-related dysfunction, at least in part, by stimulating PGC-1α expression and enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansheng Kan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dian Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuohan Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jinmeng Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guantong Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Song Y, Liao Y, Liu T, Chen Y, Wang F, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Li J. Microglial repopulation restricts ocular inflammation and choroidal neovascularization in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366841. [PMID: 38711521 PMCID: PMC11070532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent, chronic and progressive retinal degenerative disease characterized by an inflammatory response mediated by activated microglia accumulating in the retina. In this study, we demonstrate the therapeutically effects and the underlying mechanisms of microglial repopulation in the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model of exudative AMD. Methods The CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 was used to establish a treatment paradigm for microglial repopulation in the retina. Neovascular leakage and neovascular area were examined by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and immunostaining of whole-mount RPE-choroid-sclera complexes in CNV mice receiving PLX3397. Altered cellular senescence was measured by beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and p16INK4a expression. The effect and mechanisms of repopulated microglia on leukocyte infiltration and the inflammatory response in CNV lesions were analyzed. Results We showed that ten days of the CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 treatment followed by 11 days of drug withdrawal was sufficient to stimulate rapid repopulation of the retina with new microglia. Microglial repopulation attenuated pathological choroid neovascularization and dampened cellular senescence in CNV lesions. Repopulating microglia exhibited lower levels of activation markers, enhanced phagocytic function and produced fewer cytokines involved in the immune response, thereby ameliorating leukocyte infiltration and attenuating the inflammatory response in CNV lesions. Discussion The microglial repopulation described herein are therefore a promising strategy for restricting inflammation and choroidal neovascularization, which are important players in the pathophysiology of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuefeng Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxian Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HongKong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixia Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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15
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Dorion MF, Casas D, Shlaifer I, Yaqubi M, Fleming P, Karpilovsky N, Chen CXQ, Nicouleau M, Piscopo VEC, MacDougall EJ, Alluli A, Goldsmith TM, Schneider A, Dorion S, Aprahamian N, MacDonald A, Thomas RA, Dudley RWR, Hall JA, Fon EA, Antel JP, Stratton JA, Durcan TM, La Piana R, Healy LM. An adapted protocol to derive microglia from stem cells and its application in the study of CSF1R-related disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 38576039 PMCID: PMC10996091 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMGL) represent an excellent tool in studying microglial function in health and disease. Yet, since differentiation and survival of iMGL are highly reliant on colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling, it is difficult to use iMGL to study microglial dysfunction associated with pathogenic defects in CSF1R. METHODS Serial modifications to an existing iMGL protocol were made, including but not limited to changes in growth factor combination to drive microglial differentiation, until successful derivation of microglia-like cells from an adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) patient carrying a c.2350G > A (p.V784M) CSF1R variant. Using healthy control lines, the quality of the new iMGL protocol was validated through cell yield assessment, measurement of microglia marker expression, transcriptomic comparison to primary microglia, and evaluation of inflammatory and phagocytic activities. Similarly, molecular and functional characterization of the ALSP patient-derived iMGL was carried out in comparison to healthy control iMGL. RESULTS The newly devised protocol allowed the generation of iMGL with enhanced transcriptomic similarity to cultured primary human microglia and with higher scavenging and inflammatory competence at ~ threefold greater yield compared to the original protocol. Using this protocol, decreased CSF1R autophosphorylation and cell surface expression was observed in iMGL derived from the ALSP patient compared to those derived from healthy controls. Additionally, ALSP patient-derived iMGL presented a migratory defect accompanying a temporal reduction in purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2RY12) expression, a heightened capacity to internalize myelin, as well as heightened inflammatory response to Pam3CSK4. Poor P2RY12 expression was confirmed to be a consequence of CSF1R haploinsufficiency, as this feature was also observed following CSF1R knockdown or inhibition in mature control iMGL, and in CSF1RWT/KO and CSF1RWT/E633K iMGL compared to their respective isogenic controls. CONCLUSIONS We optimized a pre-existing iMGL protocol, generating a powerful tool to study microglial involvement in human neurological diseases. Using the optimized protocol, we have generated for the first time iMGL from an ALSP patient carrying a pathogenic CSF1R variant, with preliminary characterization pointing toward functional alterations in migratory, phagocytic and inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Dorion
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Diana Casas
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter Fleming
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathan Karpilovsky
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Carol X-Q Chen
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Valerio E C Piscopo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emma J MacDougall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Aeshah Alluli
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Taylor M Goldsmith
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandria Schneider
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Samuel Dorion
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1NB, Canada
| | - Nathalia Aprahamian
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Adam MacDonald
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rhalena A Thomas
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill Parkinson Program and Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roberta La Piana
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Haney MS, Pálovics R, Munson CN, Long C, Johansson PK, Yip O, Dong W, Rawat E, West E, Schlachetzki JCM, Tsai A, Guldner IH, Lamichhane BS, Smith A, Schaum N, Calcuttawala K, Shin A, Wang YH, Wang C, Koutsodendris N, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Glass CK, Abu-Remaileh M, Enejder A, Huang Y, Wyss-Coray T. APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's disease microglia. Nature 2024; 628:154-161. [PMID: 38480892 PMCID: PMC10990924 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease implicate genes involved in lipid metabolism and many of these lipid genes are highly expressed in glial cells1. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism in glia and Alzheimer's disease pathology remains poorly understood. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease, we have identified a microglial state defined by the expression of the lipid droplet-associated enzyme ACSL1 with ACSL1-positive microglia being most abundant in patients with Alzheimer's disease having the APOE4/4 genotype. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, fibrillar Aβ induces ACSL1 expression, triglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation in an APOE-dependent manner. Additionally, conditioned media from lipid droplet-containing microglia lead to Tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a link between genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease with microglial lipid droplet accumulation and neurotoxic microglia-derived factors, potentially providing therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Haney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christy Nicole Munson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Long
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth West
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andy Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Hunter Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bhawika S Lamichhane
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chengzhong Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Sun R, Feng J, Wang J. Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Cellular Senescence-Induced Biological Barrier Interruption and Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2024; 15:612-639. [PMID: 37450933 PMCID: PMC10917536 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its increasing prevalence, aging is of great concern to researchers worldwide. Cellular senescence is a physiological or pathological cellular state caused by aging and a prominent risk factor for the interruption of the integrity and functionality of human biological barriers. Health barriers play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis within the body. The senescence of barrier cells leads to barrier dysfunction and age-related diseases. Cellular senescence has been reported to be a key target for the prevention of age-related barrier diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and preeclampsia. Drugs such as metformin, dasatinib, quercetin, BCL-2 inhibitors, and rapamycin have been shown to intervene in cellular senescence and age-related diseases. In this review, we conclude that cellular senescence is involved in age-related biological barrier impairment. We further outline the cellular pathways and mechanisms underlying barrier impairment caused by cellular senescence and describe age-related barrier diseases associated with senescent cells. Finally, we summarize the currently used anti-senescence pharmacological interventions and discuss their therapeutic potential for preventing age-related barrier diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Todorov-Völgyi K, González-Gallego J, Müller SA, Beaufort N, Malik R, Schifferer M, Todorov MI, Crusius D, Robinson S, Schmidt A, Körbelin J, Bareyre F, Ertürk A, Haass C, Simons M, Paquet D, Lichtenthaler SF, Dichgans M. Proteomics of mouse brain endothelium uncovers dysregulation of vesicular transport pathways during aging. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:595-612. [PMID: 38519806 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related decline in brain endothelial cell (BEC) function contributes critically to neurological disease. Comprehensive atlases of the BEC transcriptome have become available, but results from proteomic profiling are lacking. To gain insights into endothelial pathways affected by aging, we developed a magnetic-activated cell sorting-based mouse BEC enrichment protocol compatible with proteomics and resolved the profiles of protein abundance changes during aging. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a segregation of age-related protein dynamics with biological functions, including a downregulation of vesicle-mediated transport. We found a dysregulation of key regulators of endocytosis and receptor recycling (most prominently Arf6), macropinocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In gene deletion and overexpression experiments, Arf6 affected endocytosis pathways in endothelial cells. Our approach uncovered changes not picked up by transcriptomic studies, such as accumulation of vesicle cargo and receptor ligands, including Apoe. Proteomic analysis of BECs from Apoe-deficient mice revealed a signature of accelerated aging. Our findings provide a resource for analysing BEC function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Todorov-Völgyi
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Judit González-Gallego
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (GSN), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Crusius
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Robinson
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (GSN), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andree Schmidt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florence Bareyre
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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19
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Sun R, Jiang H. Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:67. [PMID: 38481312 PMCID: PMC10938757 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Among these immune cell populations, microglia have been well-studied for their roles during development as well as in health and disease. BAMs, mostly located in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, are now gaining increased attention due to advancements in multi-omics technologies and genetic methodologies. Research on BAMs over the past decade has focused on their ontogeny, immunophenotypes, involvement in various CNS diseases, and potential as therapeutic targets. Unlike microglia, BAMs display mixed origins and distinct self-renewal capacity. BAMs are believed to regulate neuroimmune responses associated with brain barriers and contribute to immune-mediated neuropathology. Notably, BAMs have been observed to function in diverse cerebral pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and gliomas. The elucidation of the heterogeneity and diverse functions of BAMs during homeostasis and neuroinflammation is mesmerizing, since it may shed light on the precision medicine that emphasizes deep insights into programming cues in the unique brain immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the latest findings on BAMs, covering aspects like their origins, self-renewal capacity, adaptability, and implications in different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8057, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Haowu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., CB 8054, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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20
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Bonomo R, Canta A, Chiorazzi A, Carozzi VA, Meregalli C, Pozzi E, Alberti P, Frampas CF, Van der Veen DR, Marmiroli P, Skene DJ, Cavaletti G. Effect of age on metabolomic changes in a model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2024; 29:58-71. [PMID: 38126610 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is one of the most common dose-limiting side effects of paclitaxel (PTX) treatment. Many age-related changes have been hypothesized to underlie susceptibility to damage or impaired regeneration/repair after nerve injury. The results of these studies, however, are inconclusive and other potential biomarkers of nerve impairment need to be investigated. METHODS Twenty-four young (2 months) and 24 adult (9 months) Wistar male rats were randomized to either PTX treatment (10 mg/kg i.v. once/week for 4 weeks) or vehicle administration. Neurophysiological and behavioral tests were performed at baseline, after 4 weeks of treatment and 2-week follow-up. Skin biopsies and nerve specimens collected from sacrificed animals were examined for intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density assessment and nerve morphology/morphometry. Blood and liver samples were collected for targeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS At the end of treatment, the neurophysiological studies revealed a reduction in sensory nerve action potential amplitude (p < .05) in the caudal nerve of young PTX-animals, and in both the digital and caudal nerve of adult PTX-animals (p < .05). A significant decrease in the mechanical threshold was observed only in young PTX-animals (p < .001), but not in adult PTX-ones. Nevertheless, both young and adult PTX-rats had reduced IENF density (p < .0001), which persisted at the end of follow-up period. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed significant differences in the plasma metabolite profiles between PTX-animals developing peripheral neuropathy and age-matched controls, with triglycerides, diglycerides, acylcarnitines, carnosine, long chain ceramides, sphingolipids, and bile acids playing a major role in the response to PTX administration. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies for the first time multiple related metabolic axes involved in PTX-induced peripheral neurotoxicity, and suggests age-related differences in CIPN manifestations and in the metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bonomo
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valentina Alda Carozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pozzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Alberti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Cecile F Frampas
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Daan R Van der Veen
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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21
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Rubinski A, Dewenter A, Zheng L, Franzmeier N, Stephenson H, Deming Y, Duering M, Gesierich B, Denecke J, Pham AV, Bendlin B, Ewers M. Florbetapir PET-assessed demyelination is associated with faster tau accumulation in an APOE ε4-dependent manner. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1035-1049. [PMID: 38049659 PMCID: PMC10881623 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objectives were to test whether (1) a decrease in myelin is associated with enhanced rate of fibrillar tau accumulation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and (2) whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype is associated with worse myelin decrease and thus tau accumulation. METHODS To address our objectives, we repurposed florbetapir-PET as a marker of myelin in the white matter (WM) based on previous validation studies showing that beta-amyloid (Aβ) PET tracers bind to WM myelin. We assessed 43 Aβ-biomarker negative (Aβ-) cognitively normal participants and 108 Aβ+ participants within the AD spectrum with florbetapir-PET at baseline and longitudinal flortaucipir-PET as a measure of fibrillar tau (tau-PET) over ~ 2 years. In linear regression analyses, we tested florbetapir-PET in the whole WM and major fiber tracts as predictors of tau-PET accumulation in a priori defined regions of interest (ROIs) and fiber-tract projection areas. In mediation analyses we tested whether tau-PET accumulation mediates the effect of florbetapir-PET in the whole WM on cognition. Finally, we assessed the role of myelin alteration on the association between APOE and tau-PET accumulation. RESULTS Lower florbetapir-PET in the whole WM or at a given fiber tract was predictive of faster tau-PET accumulation in Braak stages or the connected grey matter areas in Aβ+ participants. Faster tau-PET accumulation in higher cortical brain areas mediated the association between a decrease in florbetapir-PET in the WM and a faster rate of decline in global cognition and episodic memory. APOE ε4 genotype was associated with a worse decrease in the whole WM florbetapir-PET and thus enhanced tau-PET accumulation. CONCLUSION Myelin alterations are associated in an APOE ε4 dependent manner with faster tau progression and cognitive decline, and may therefore play a role in the etiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rubinski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukai Zheng
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Denecke
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - An-Vi Pham
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
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22
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Fan H, Zhang M, Wen J, Wang S, Yuan M, Sun H, Shu L, Yang X, Pu Y, Cai Z. Microglia in brain aging: An overview of recent basic science and clinical research developments. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:122-136. [PMID: 38403286 PMCID: PMC11001587 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive degeneration of tissues and organs, and it is positively associated with an increased mortality rate. The brain, as one of the most significantly affected organs, experiences age-related changes, including abnormal neuronal activity, dysfunctional calcium homeostasis, dysregulated mitochondrial function, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. These changes collectively contribute to cognitive deterioration. Aging is also a key risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. For many years, neurodegenerative disease investigations have primarily focused on neurons, with less attention given to microglial cells. However, recently, microglial homeostasis has emerged as an important mediator in neurological disease pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of brain aging from the perspective of the microglia. In doing so, we present the current knowledge on the correlation between brain aging and the microglia, summarize recent progress of investigations about the microglia in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and then discuss the correlation between the senescent microglia and the brain, which will culminate with a presentation of the molecular complexity involved in the microglia in brain aging with suggestions for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Minheng Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030009, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Houchao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Liu Shu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
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23
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Sun R, Jiang H. Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system. Clin Immunol 2024:109921. [PMID: 38316202 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play an important role in the local maintenance of homeostasis and immune surveillance. In the central nervous system (CNS), brain macrophages are anatomically divided into parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal border-associated macrophages (BAMs). Among these immune cell populations, microglia have been well-studied for their roles in normal brain development, neurodegeneration, and brain cancers. BAMs, mostly located in the choroid plexus, meningeal and perivascular spaces, are now gaining increased attention due to advancements in multi-omics technologies and genetic methodologies. Research on BAMs over the past decade has focused on their ontogeny, immunophenotypes, involvement in various CNS diseases, and potential as therapeutic targets. Unlike microglia, BAMs display mixed origins and distinct self-renewal capacity. BAMs are believed to regulate neuroimmune responses associated with brain barriers and contribute to immune-mediated neuropathology. Notably, BAMs have been observed to function in diverse cerebral pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, and gliomas. The elucidation of the heterogeneity and diverse functions of BAMs during homeostasis and neuroinflammation is mesmerizing, since it may shed light on the precision medicine that emphasizes deep insights into programming cues in the unique brain immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the latest findings on BAMs, covering aspects like their origins, self-renewal capacity, adaptability, and implications in different brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Haowu Jiang
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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24
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Krumm L, Pozner T, Zagha N, Coras R, Arnold P, Tsaktanis T, Scherpelz K, Davis MY, Kaindl J, Stolzer I, Süß P, Khundadze M, Hübner CA, Riemenschneider MJ, Baets J, Günther C, Jayadev S, Rothhammer V, Krach F, Winkler J, Winner B, Regensburger M. Neuroinflammatory disease signatures in SPG11-related hereditary spastic paraplegia patients. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:28. [PMID: 38305941 PMCID: PMC10837238 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Biallelic loss of SPG11 function constitutes the most frequent cause of complicated autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with thin corpus callosum, resulting in progressive multisystem neurodegeneration. While the impact of neuroinflammation is an emerging and potentially treatable aspect in neurodegenerative diseases and leukodystrophies, the role of immune cells in SPG11-HSP patients is unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive immunological characterization of SPG11-HSP, including examination of three human postmortem brain donations, immunophenotyping of patients' peripheral blood cells and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia-like cells (iMGL). We delineate a previously unknown role of innate immunity in SPG11-HSP. Neuropathological analysis of SPG11-HSP patient brain tissue revealed profound microgliosis in areas of neurodegeneration, downregulation of homeostatic microglial markers and cell-intrinsic accumulation of lipids and lipofuscin in IBA1+ cells. In a larger cohort of SPG11-HSP patients, the ratio of peripheral classical and intermediate monocytes was increased, along with increased serum levels of IL-6 that correlated with disease severity. Stimulation of patient-specific iMGLs with IFNγ led to increased phagocytic activity compared to control iMGL as well as increased upregulation and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as CXCL10. On a molecular basis, we identified increased STAT1 phosphorylation as mechanism connecting IFNγ-mediated immune hyperactivation and SPG11 loss of function. STAT1 expression was increased both in human postmortem brain tissue and in an Spg11-/- mouse model. Application of an STAT1 inhibitor decreased CXCL10 production in SPG11 iMGL and rescued their toxic effect on SPG11 neurons. Our data establish neuroinflammation as a novel disease mechanism in SPG11-HSP patients and constitute the first description of myeloid cell/ microglia activation in human SPG11-HSP. IFNγ/ STAT1-mediated neurotoxic effects of hyperreactive microglia upon SPG11 loss of function indicate that immunomodulation strategies may slow down disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krumm
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Pozner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Naime Zagha
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thanos Tsaktanis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathryn Scherpelz
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie Y Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johanna Kaindl
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Kussmaulallee 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Kussmaulallee 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Askew KE, Beverley J, Sigfridsson E, Szymkowiak S, Emelianova K, Dando O, Hardingham GE, Duncombe J, Hennessy E, Koudelka J, Samarasekera N, Salman RA, Smith C, Tavares AAS, Gomez‐Nicola D, Kalaria RN, McColl BW, Horsburgh K. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment. Glia 2024; 72:375-395. [PMID: 37909242 PMCID: PMC10952452 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
White matter abnormalities, related to poor cerebral perfusion, are a core feature of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and critical determinants of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite this importance there is a lack of treatment options. Proliferation of microglia producing an expanded, reactive population and associated neuroinflammatory alterations have been implicated in the onset and progression of cerebrovascular white matter disease, in patients and in animal models, suggesting that targeting microglial proliferation may exert protection. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of microglial proliferation. We found that the expression of CSF1R/Csf1r and other markers indicative of increased microglial abundance are significantly elevated in damaged white matter in human cerebrovascular disease and in a clinically relevant mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular cognitive impairment. Using the mouse model, we investigated long-term pharmacological CSF1R inhibition, via GW2580, and demonstrated that the expansion of microglial numbers in chronic hypoperfused white matter is prevented. Transcriptomic analysis of hypoperfused white matter tissue showed enrichment of microglial and inflammatory gene sets, including phagocytic genes that were the predominant expression modules modified by CSF1R inhibition. Further, CSF1R inhibition attenuated hypoperfusion-induced white matter pathology and rescued spatial learning impairments and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility. Overall, this work suggests that inhibition of CSF1R and microglial proliferation mediates protection against chronic cerebrovascular white matter pathology and cognitive deficits. Our study nominates CSF1R as a target for the treatment of vascular cognitive disorders with broader implications for treatment of other chronic white matter diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Katherine Emelianova
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Edel Hennessy
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Neshika Samarasekera
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Rustam Al‐Shahi Salman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain BankUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Clinical and Translational Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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26
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Rao NR, Upadhyay A, Savas JN. Derailed protein turnover in the aging mammalian brain. Mol Syst Biol 2024; 20:120-139. [PMID: 38182797 PMCID: PMC10897147 DOI: 10.1038/s44320-023-00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient protein turnover is essential for cellular homeostasis and organ function. Loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging culminating in severe dysfunction of protein turnover. To investigate protein turnover dynamics as a function of age, we performed continuous in vivo metabolic stable isotope labeling in mice along the aging continuum. First, we discovered that the brain proteome uniquely undergoes dynamic turnover fluctuations during aging compared to heart and liver tissue. Second, trends in protein turnover in the brain proteome during aging showed sex-specific differences that were tightly tied to cellular compartments. Next, parallel analyses of the insoluble proteome revealed that several cellular compartments experience hampered turnover, in part due to misfolding. Finally, we found that age-associated fluctuations in proteasome activity were associated with the turnover of core proteolytic subunits, which was recapitulated by pharmacological suppression of proteasome activity. Taken together, our study provides a proteome-wide atlas of protein turnover across the aging continuum and reveals a link between the turnover of individual proteasome subunits and the age-associated decline in proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini R Rao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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27
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Salobrar-García E, Elvira-Hurtado L, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354569. [PMID: 38333055 PMCID: PMC10850296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Di Fraia D, Marino A, Lee JH, Kelmer Sacramento E, Baumgart M, Bagnoli S, Tomaz da Silva P, Kumar Sahu A, Siano G, Tiessen M, Terzibasi-Tozzini E, Gagneur J, Frydman J, Cellerino A, Ori A. Impaired biogenesis of basic proteins impacts multiple hallmarks of the aging brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.20.549210. [PMID: 38260253 PMCID: PMC10802395 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Aging and neurodegeneration entail diverse cellular and molecular hallmarks. Here, we studied the effects of aging on the transcriptome, translatome, and multiple layers of the proteome in the brain of a short-lived killifish. We reveal that aging causes widespread reduction of proteins enriched in basic amino acids that is independent of mRNA regulation, and it is not due to impaired proteasome activity. Instead, we identify a cascade of events where aberrant translation pausing leads to reduced ribosome availability resulting in proteome remodeling independently of transcriptional regulation. Our research uncovers a vulnerable point in the aging brain's biology - the biogenesis of basic DNA/RNA binding proteins. This vulnerability may represent a unifying principle that connects various aging hallmarks, encompassing genome integrity and the biosynthesis of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Di Fraia
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Antonio Marino
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Mario Baumgart
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Pedro Tomaz da Silva
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Machine Learning, Munich, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar Sahu
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Max Tiessen
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | | | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- BIO@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
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29
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Kent SA, Miron VE. Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:49-63. [PMID: 37452201 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system that have key functions in its development, homeostasis and response to damage and infection. Although microglia have been increasingly implicated in contributing to the pathology that underpins neurological dysfunction and disease, they also have crucial roles in neurological homeostasis and regeneration. This includes regulation of the maintenance and regeneration of myelin, the membrane that surrounds neuronal axons, which is required for axonal health and function. Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Given the lack of approved therapies targeting myelin maintenance or regeneration, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms by which microglia support and restore myelin health to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, the mechanisms by which microglia regulate myelin loss or integrity are still being uncovered. In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how this relates to microglia dynamics during myelin damage and regeneration, and factors that influence the regenerative functions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Kent
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Makdissi N. Macrophage Development and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:1-9. [PMID: 37639112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages were first described over a hundred years ago. Throughout the years, they were shown to be essential players in their tissue-specific environment, performing various functions during homeostatic and disease conditions. Recent reports shed more light on their ontogeny as long-lived, self-maintained cells with embryonic origin in most tissues. They populate the different tissues early during development, where they help to establish and maintain homeostasis. In this chapter, the history of macrophages is discussed. Furthermore, macrophage ontogeny and core functions in the different tissues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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31
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Baaklini CS, Ho MFS, Lange T, Hammond BP, Panda SP, Zirngibl M, Zia S, Himmelsbach K, Rana H, Phillips B, Antoszko D, Ibanga J, Lopez M, Lee KV, Keough MB, Caprariello AV, Kerr BJ, Plemel JR. Microglia promote remyelination independent of their role in clearing myelin debris. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113574. [PMID: 38100356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by myelin loss. While therapies exist to slow MS progression, no treatment currently exists for remyelination. Remyelination, linked to reduced disability in MS, relies on microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). This study aims to understand the role of microglia during remyelination by lineage tracing and depleting them. Microglial lineage tracing reveals that both microglia and MDMs initially accumulate, but microglia later dominate the lesion. Microglia and MDMs engulf equal amounts of inhibitory myelin debris, but after microglial depletion, MDMs compensate by engulfing more myelin debris. Microglial depletion does, however, reduce the recruitment and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and impairs their subsequent differentiation and remyelination. These findings underscore the essential role of microglia during remyelination and offer insights for enhancing this process by understanding microglial regulation of remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel S Baaklini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Madelene F S Ho
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tristan Lange
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Brady P Hammond
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sharmistha P Panda
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Martin Zirngibl
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sameera Zia
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kassandre Himmelsbach
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Heli Rana
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Braxton Phillips
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daria Antoszko
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jeremies Ibanga
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mizuki Lopez
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kelly V Lee
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael B Keough
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Yang Y, Wang J, Ni H, Ding H, Wei L, Ke ZJ. Genetic model of selective COX2 inhibition improve learning and memory ability and brain pathological changes in 5xFAD mouse. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148566. [PMID: 37683778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia. Its pathogenesis is very complex, and inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which mainly target cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, are used to reduce the risk of AD, but several side effects limit their application. Here we assess the effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) catalytic activity on learning ability and AD pathology using 5x Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD) mice with COX2 inhibition (5xFAD/COX2 KO), 5xFAD mice with cyclooxygenase inactivation of COX2 (5xFAD/COX2 Y385F), and 5xFAD mice with peroxidase (POX) inactivation of COX2 (5xFAD/COX2) H374Y), respectively. Our results indicate that learning ability of COX2 KO and mutants is improved compared to 5xFAD mice, further investigations show that Aβ depositions are reduced, microglia and astrocytes homeostasis are changed in COX2 KO and mutants. Especially, there is more responsive microglia in the brain of 5xFAD/COX2 Y385F mice, and Aβ depositions are more effectively cleaned at old age. Taken together, these results identify a role of COX2 Y385F in regulating microglia function and may have important implications for future treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Endocrinology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, PR China
| | - Hong Ni
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hanqing Ding
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Luyao Wei
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Taherzadeh M, Zhang E, Londono I, De Leener B, Wang S, Cooper JD, Kennedy TE, Morales CR, Chen Z, Lodygensky GA, Pshezhetsky AV. Severe central nervous system demyelination in Sanfilippo disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1323449. [PMID: 38163061 PMCID: PMC10756675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1323449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic progressive neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurological lysosomal storage diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III or Sanfilippo disease). Since neuroinflammation is linked to white matter tract pathology, we analyzed axonal myelination and white matter density in the mouse model of MPS IIIC HgsnatP304L and post-mortem brain samples of MPS III patients. Methods Brain and spinal cord tissues of human MPS III patients, 6-month-old HgsnatP304L mice and age- and sex-matching wild type mice were analyzed by immunofluorescence to assess levels of myelin-associated proteins, primary and secondary storage materials, and levels of microgliosis. Corpus callosum (CC) region was studied by transmission electron microscopy to analyze axon myelination and morphology of oligodendrocytes and microglia. Mouse brains were analyzed ex vivo by high-filed MRI using Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging in Python-Diffusion tensor imaging algorithms. Results Analyses of CC and spinal cord tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed substantially reduced levels of myelin-associated proteins including Myelin Basic Protein, Myelin Associated Glycoprotein, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses revealed disruption of myelin sheath organization and reduced myelin thickness in the brains of MPS IIIC mice and human MPS IIIC patients compared to healthy controls. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the CC of MPS IIIC mice were scarce, while examination of the remaining cells revealed numerous enlarged lysosomes containing heparan sulfate, GM3 ganglioside or "zebra bodies" consistent with accumulation of lipids and myelin fragments. In addition, OLs contained swollen mitochondria with largely dissolved cristae, resembling those previously identified in the dysfunctional neurons of MPS IIIC mice. Ex vivo Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging revealed compelling signs of demyelination (26% increase in radial diffusivity) and tissue loss (76% increase in hindered diffusivity) in CC of MPS IIIC mice. Discussion Our findings demonstrate an important role for white matter injury in the pathophysiology of MPS III. This study also defines specific parameters and brain regions for MRI analysis and suggests that it may become a crucial non-invasive method to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Wang
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zesheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory A. Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ukraintseva S, Yashkin AP, Akushevich I, Arbeev K, Duan H, Gorbunova G, Stallard E, Yashin A. Associations of infections and vaccines with Alzheimer's disease point to a major role of compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen in AD. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.04.23299092. [PMID: 38106098 PMCID: PMC10723482 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.23299092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diverse pathogens (viral, bacterial, fungal) have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicating a possibility that the culprit may be compromised immunity rather than particular microbe. If true, then vaccines with broad beneficial effects on immunity might be protective against AD. METHODS We estimated associations of common adult infections, including herpes simplex, zoster (shingles), pneumonia, and recurrent mycoses, as well as vaccinations against shingles and pneumonia, with the risk of AD in a pseudorandomized sample of the Health and Retirement Study. RESULTS Shingles, pneumonia, and mycoses diagnosed between ages 65-75, were all associated with higher risk of AD later in life, by 16%-42%. Pneumococcal and shingles vaccines received between ages 65-75 both lowered the risk of AD, by 15%-21%. DISCUSSION Our results support the idea that the connection between AD and infections involves compromised immunity rather than specific pathogen. We discuss mechanisms by which the declining immune surveillance may promote AD, and the role of biological aging in it. Repurposing of vaccines with broad beneficial effects on immunity could be a reasonable approach to AD prevention. Pneumococcal and zoster vaccines are promising candidates for such repurposing.
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Adeniyi PA, Gong X, MacGregor E, Degener-O’Brien K, McClendon E, Garcia M, Romero O, Russell J, Srivastava T, Miller J, Keene CD, Back SA. Ferroptosis of Microglia in Aging Human White Matter Injury. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:1048-1066. [PMID: 37605362 PMCID: PMC10840747 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because the role of white matter (WM) degenerating microglia (DM) in remyelination failure is unclear, we sought to define the core features of this novel population of aging human microglia. METHODS We analyzed postmortem human brain tissue to define a population of DM in aging WM lesions. We used immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms related to the degeneration of DM. RESULTS We found that DM, which accumulated myelin debris were selectively enriched in the iron-binding protein light chain ferritin, and accumulated PLIN2-labeled lipid droplets. DM displayed lipid peroxidation injury and enhanced expression for TOM20, a mitochondrial translocase, and a sensor of oxidative stress. DM also displayed enhanced expression of the DNA fragmentation marker phospho-histone H2A.X. We identified a unique set of ferroptosis-related genes involving iron-mediated lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative stress that were preferentially expressed in WM injury relative to gray matter neurodegeneration. INTERPRETATION Ferroptosis appears to be a major mechanism of WM injury in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. WM DM are a novel therapeutic target to potentially reduce the impact of WM injury and myelin loss on the progression of cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1048-1066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Adeniyi
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ellie MacGregor
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kiera Degener-O’Brien
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Evelyn McClendon
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mariel Garcia
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Oscar Romero
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joshua Russell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taasin Srivastava
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen A. Back
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Stillman JM, Mendes Lopes F, Lin JP, Hu K, Reich DS, Schafer DP. Lipofuscin-like autofluorescence within microglia and its impact on studying microglial engulfment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7060. [PMID: 37923732 PMCID: PMC10624656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engulfment of cellular material and proteins is a key function for microglia, a resident macrophage of the central nervous system (CNS). Among the techniques used to measure microglial engulfment, confocal light microscopy has been used the most extensively. Here, we show that autofluorescence (AF) likely due to lipofuscin (lipo-AF) and typically associated with aging, can also be detected within microglial lysosomes in the young mouse brain by light microscopy. This lipo-AF signal accumulates first within microglia and it occurs earliest in white versus gray matter. Importantly, in gray matter, lipo-AF signal can confound the interpretation of antibody-labeled synaptic material within microglia in young adult mice. We further show that there is an age-dependent accumulation of lipo-AF inside and outside of microglia, which is not affected by amyloid plaques. We finally implement a robust and cost-effective strategy to quench AF in mouse, marmoset, and human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Stillman
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Program, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Mendes Lopes
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Silvin A, Qian J, Ginhoux F. Brain macrophage development, diversity and dysregulation in health and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1277-1289. [PMID: 37365324 PMCID: PMC10616292 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain macrophages include microglia in the parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space, and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate the brain under various disease conditions. The vast heterogeneity of these cells has been elucidated over the last decade using revolutionary multiomics technologies. As such, we can now start to define these various macrophage populations according to their ontogeny and their diverse functional programs during brain development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. In this review, we first outline the critical roles played by brain macrophages during development and healthy aging. We then discuss how brain macrophages might undergo reprogramming and contribute to neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, and glioma. Finally, we speculate about the most recent and ongoing discoveries that are prompting translational attempts to leverage brain macrophages as prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for diseases that affect the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Silvin
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, 94800, France.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
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Zhuang H, Li Q, Sun C, Xu D, Gan G, Zhang C, Chen C, Yuan Y, Liu L, Xiao Y, Yao X, Wang C, Kang X, Yang C, Zhao J, Chen W, Wang J, Li J, Luo C, Wang J, Jia X, Yu Z, Liu L. Voluntary wheel exercise ameliorates cognitive impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration and microglial abnormalities preceded by demyelination in a male mouse model of noise-induced hearing loss. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:325-348. [PMID: 37683962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired peripheral hearing loss (APHL) in midlife has been identified as the greatest modifiable risk factor for dementia; however, the pathophysiological neural mechanisms linking APHL with an increased risk of dementia remain to be elucidated. Here, in an adult male mouse model of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), one of the most common forms of APHL, we demonstrated accelerated age-related cognitive decline and hippocampal neurodegeneration during a 6-month follow-up period, accompanied by progressive hippocampal microglial aberrations preceded by immediate-onset transient elevation in serum glucocorticoids and delayed-onset sustained myelin disruption in the hippocampus. Pretreatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 before stressful noise exposure partially mitigated the early activation of hippocampal microglia, which were present at 7 days post noise exposure (7DPN), but had no impact on later microglial aberrations, hippocampal neurodegeneration, or cognitive decline exhibited at 1 month post noise exposure (1MPN). One month of voluntary wheel exercise following noise exposure barely affected either the hearing threshold shift or hippocampal myelin changes but effectively countered cognitive impairment and the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis in NIHL mice at 1MPN, paralleled by the normalization of microglial morphology, which coincided with a reduction in microglial myelin inclusions and a restoration of microglial hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) expression. Our results indicated that accelerated cognitive deterioration and hippocampal neuroplastic decline following NIHL are most likely driven by the maladaptive response of hippocampal microglia to myelin damage secondary to hearing loss, and we also demonstrated the potential of voluntary physical exercise as a promising and cost-effective strategy to alleviate the detrimental impact of APHL on cognitive function and thus curtail the high and continuously increasing global burden of dementia. Furthermore, the findings of the present study highlight the contribution of myelin debris overload to microglial malfunction and identify the microglial HIF1α-related pathway as an attractive candidate for future comprehensive investigation to obtain a more definitive picture of the underlying mechanisms linking APHL and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Congli Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangming Gan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linchen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuting Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoming Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiatang Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Caichen Luo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xirui Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhehao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Groh J, Abdelwahab T, Kattimani Y, Hörner M, Loserth S, Gudi V, Adalbert R, Imdahl F, Saliba AE, Coleman M, Stangel M, Simons M, Martini R. Microglia-mediated demyelination protects against CD8 + T cell-driven axon degeneration in mice carrying PLP defects. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6911. [PMID: 37903797 PMCID: PMC10616105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration and functional decline in myelin diseases are often attributed to loss of myelin but their relation is not fully understood. Perturbed myelinating glia can instigate chronic neuroinflammation and contribute to demyelination and axonal damage. Here we study mice with distinct defects in the proteolipid protein 1 gene that develop axonal damage which is driven by cytotoxic T cells targeting myelinating oligodendrocytes. We show that persistent ensheathment with perturbed myelin poses a risk for axon degeneration, neuron loss, and behavioral decline. We demonstrate that CD8+ T cell-driven axonal damage is less likely to progress towards degeneration when axons are efficiently demyelinated by activated microglia. Mechanistically, we show that cytotoxic T cell effector molecules induce cytoskeletal alterations within myelinating glia and aberrant actomyosin constriction of axons at paranodal domains. Our study identifies detrimental axon-glia-immune interactions which promote neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic targets for disorders associated with myelin defects and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Tassnim Abdelwahab
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yogita Kattimani
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Hörner
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neurodegeneration, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Loserth
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Adalbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Coleman
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Cerneckis J, Shi Y. Myelin organoids for the study of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1283742. [PMID: 37942133 PMCID: PMC10628225 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1283742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Cerneckis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Simons M, Levin J, Dichgans M. Tipping points in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2954-2968. [PMID: 37385247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Aβ deposits form slowly, several decades before further pathological events trigger neurodegeneration and dementia. However, a substantial proportion of affected individuals remains non-demented despite AD pathology, raising questions about the underlying factors that determine the transition to clinical disease. Here, we emphasize the critical function of resilience and resistance factors, which we extend beyond the concept of cognitive reserve to include the glial, immune, and vascular system. We review the evidence and use the metaphor of "tipping points" to illustrate how gradually forming AD neuropathology in the preclinical stage can transition to dementia once adaptive functions of the glial, immune, and vascular system are lost and self-reinforcing pathological cascades are unleashed. Thus, we propose an expanded framework for pathomechanistic research that focuses on tipping points and non-neuronal resilience mechanisms, which may represent previously untapped therapeutic targets in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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You J, Youssef MMM, Santos JR, Lee J, Park J. Microglia and Astrocytes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Disease-Associated States, Pathological Roles, and Therapeutic Potential. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1307. [PMID: 37887017 PMCID: PMC10603852 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microglial and astrocytic reactivity is a prominent feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Microglia and astrocytes have been increasingly appreciated to play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis. These cells can adopt distinct states characterized by a specific molecular profile or function depending on the different contexts of development, health, aging, and disease. Accumulating evidence from ALS rodent and cell models has demonstrated neuroprotective and neurotoxic functions from microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent advancements of knowledge in microglial and astrocytic states and nomenclature, the landmark discoveries demonstrating a clear contribution of microglia and astrocytes to ALS pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic candidates leveraging these cells that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin You
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Mohieldin M. M. Youssef
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jhune Rizsan Santos
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jooyun Lee
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (J.Y.); (M.M.M.Y.); (J.R.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Blank-Stein N, Mass E. Macrophage and monocyte subsets in response to ischemic stroke. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250233. [PMID: 37467166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial recanalization, which has limited efficacy only in the acute phase of stroke. The neuroinflammatory response to stroke is believed to provide a wider time window than recanalization and has therefore been proposed as an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of cellular and molecular responses of distinct macrophage populations following stroke, which may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Specifically, we discuss the role of local responders in neuroinflammation, including the well-studied microglia as well as the emerging players, border-associated macrophages, and macrophages originating from the skull bone marrow. Additionally, we focus on the behavior of monocytes stemming from distant tissues such as the bone marrow and spleen. Finally, we highlight aging as a crucial factor modulating the immune response, which is often neglected in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Blank-Stein
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Jung BK, Ryu KY. Lipocalin-2: a therapeutic target to overcome neurodegenerative diseases by regulating reactive astrogliosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2138-2146. [PMID: 37779143 PMCID: PMC10618504 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cell activation precedes neuronal cell death during brain aging and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Under neuroinflammatory stress conditions, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin or 24p3, is produced and secreted by activated microglia and reactive astrocytes. Lcn2 expression levels are known to be increased in various cells, including reactive astrocytes, through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the central nervous system, as LCN2 exerts neurotoxicity when secreted from reactive astrocytes, many researchers have attempted to identify various strategies to inhibit LCN2 production, secretion, and function to minimize neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. These strategies include regulation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels, as well as blocking its functions using neutralizing antibodies or antagonists of its receptor. The suppression of NF-κB signaling is a strategy to inhibit LCN2 production, but it may also affect other cellular activities, raising questions about its effectiveness and feasibility. Recently, LCN2 was found to be a target of the autophagy‒lysosome pathway. Therefore, autophagy activation may be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the levels of secreted LCN2 and overcome neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focused on research progress on astrocyte-derived LCN2 in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwon Jung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Yul Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Chen TC, Lo YC, Li SJ, Lin YC, Chang CW, Liang YW, Laiman V, Hsiao TC, Chuang HC, Chen YY. Assessing traffic-related air pollution-induced fiber-specific white matter degradation associated with motor performance declines in aged rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115373. [PMID: 37619400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is thought to exacerbate Parkinson's disease (PD) in the elderly, and early detection of PD progression may prevent further irreversible damage. Therefore, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for probing microstructural changes after late-life chronic traffic-related PM2.5 exposure. Herein, 1.5-year-old Fischer 344 rats were exposed to clean air (control), high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered ambient air (HEPA group), and ambient traffic-related PM2.5 (PM2.5 group, 9.933 ± 1.021 µg/m3) for 3 months. Rotarod test, DTI tractographic analysis, and immunohistochemistry were performed in the end of study period. Aged rats exposed to PM2.5 exhibited motor impairment with decreased fractional anisotropy and tyrosine hydroxylase expression in olfactory and nigrostriatal circuits, indicating disrupted white matter integrity and dopaminergic (DA) neuronal loss. Additionally, increased radial diffusivity and lower expression of myelin basic protein in PM2.5 group suggested ageing progression of demyelination exacerbated by PM2.5 exposure. Significant production of tumor necrosis factor-α was also observed after PM2.5 exposure, revealing potential inflammation of injury to multiple fiber tracts of DA pathways. Microstructural changes demonstrated potential links between PM2.5-induced inflammatory white matter demyelination and behavioral performance, with indication of pre-manifestation of DTI-based biomarkers for early detection of PD progression in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Laiman
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 111 Xinglong Rd., Section 3, Wenshan Dist., Taipei 11696, Taiwan; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Linong St., Section 2, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Schweizer L, Schaller T, Zwiebel M, Karayel Ö, Müller‐Reif JB, Zeng W, Dintner S, Nordmann TM, Hirschbühl K, Märkl B, Claus R, Mann M. Quantitative multiorgan proteomics of fatal COVID-19 uncovers tissue-specific effects beyond inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17459. [PMID: 37519267 PMCID: PMC10493576 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 may directly and indirectly damage lung tissue and other host organs, but there are few system-wide, untargeted studies of these effects on the human body. Here, we developed a parallelized mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics workflow enabling the rapid, quantitative analysis of hundreds of virus-infected FFPE tissues. The first layer of response to SARS-CoV-2 in all tissues was dominated by circulating inflammatory molecules. Beyond systemic inflammation, we differentiated between systemic and true tissue-specific effects to reflect distinct COVID-19-associated damage patterns. Proteomic changes in the lungs resembled those of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in non-COVID-19 patients. Extensive organ-specific changes were also evident in the kidneys, liver, and lymphatic and vascular systems. Secondary inflammatory effects in the brain were related to rearrangements in neurotransmitter receptors and myelin degradation. These MS-proteomics-derived results contribute substantially to our understanding of COVID-19 pathomechanisms and suggest strategies for organ-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schweizer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Tina Schaller
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Zwiebel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Present address:
Department of Physiological ChemistryGenentechSouth San FranciscoUSA
| | | | - Wen‐Feng Zeng
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Klaus Hirschbühl
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
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47
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Lana D, Magni G, Landucci E, Wenk GL, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Giovannini MG. Phenomic Microglia Diversity as a Druggable Target in the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13668. [PMID: 37761971 PMCID: PMC10531074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenomics, the complexity of microglia phenotypes and their related functions compels the continuous study of microglia in disease animal models to find druggable targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Activation of microglia was long considered detrimental for neuron survival, but more recently it has become apparent that the real scenario of microglia morphofunctional diversity is far more complex. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the alterations in microglia phenomics in the hippocampus of animal models of normal brain aging, acute neuroinflammation, ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. Microglia undergo phenomic changes consisting of transcriptional, functional, and morphological changes that transform them into cells with different properties and functions. The classical subdivision of microglia into M1 and M2, two different, all-or-nothing states is too simplistic, and does not correspond to the variety of phenotypes recently discovered in the brain. We will discuss the phenomic modifications of microglia focusing not only on the differences in microglia reactivity in the diverse models of neurodegenerative disorders, but also among different areas of the brain. For instance, in contiguous and highly interconnected regions of the rat hippocampus, microglia show a differential, finely regulated, and region-specific reactivity, demonstrating that microglia responses are not uniform, but vary significantly from area to area in response to insults. It is of great interest to verify whether the differences in microglia reactivity may explain the differential susceptibility of different brain areas to insults, and particularly the higher sensitivity of CA1 pyramidal neurons to inflammatory stimuli. Understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microglia phenomics in health and disease is of paramount importance to find new druggable targets for the development of novel microglia-targeted therapies in different CNS disorders. This will allow interventions in three different ways: (i) by suppressing the pro-inflammatory properties of microglia to limit the deleterious effect of their activation; (ii) by modulating microglia phenotypic change to favor anti-inflammatory properties; (iii) by influencing microglia priming early in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lana
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Giada Magni
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Gary L. Wenk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Domenico Edoardo Pellegrini-Giampietro
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Maria Grazia Giovannini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.E.P.-G.); (M.G.G.)
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Feng L, Lo H, Hong Z, Zheng J, Yan Y, Ye Z, Chen X, Pan X. Microglial LRRK2-mediated NFATc1 attenuates α-synuclein immunotoxicity in association with CX3CR1-induced migration and the lysosome-initiated degradation. Glia 2023; 71:2266-2284. [PMID: 37300531 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies refer to a range of neurodegenerative diseases caused by abnormal α-synuclein (α-Syn) deposition, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Their pathogenesis is strongly linked to microglial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which involves the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-regulated nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Of the NFAT family, NFATc1 has been found to be increasingly translocated into the nucleus in α-syn stimulation. However, the specific role of NFATc1-mediated intracellular signaling in PD remains elusive in regulating microglial functions. In the current study, we crossbred LRRK2 or NFATc1 conditional knockout mice with Lyz2Cre mice to generate mice with microglia-specific deletion of LRRK2 or NFATc1, and by stereotactic injection of fibrillary α-Syn, we generated PD models in these mice. We found that LRRK2 deficiency enhanced microglial phagocytosis in the mice after α-Syn exposure and that genetic inhibition of NFATc1 markedly diminished phagocytosis and α-Syn elimination. We further demonstrated that LRRK2 negatively regulated NFATc1 in α-Syn-treated microglia, in which microglial LRRK2-deficiency facilitated NFATc1 nuclear translocation, CX3CR1 upregulation, and microglia migration. Additionally, NFATc1 translocation upregulated the expression of Rab7 and promoted the formation of late lysosomes, resulting in α-Syn degradation. In contrast, the microglial NFATc1 deficiency impaired CX3CR1 upregulation and the formation of Rab7-mediated late lysosomes. These findings highlight the critical role of NFATc1 in modulating microglial migration and phagocytosis, in which the LRRK2-NFATc1 signaling pathway regulates the expression of microglial CX3CR1 and endocytic degradative Rab7 to attenuate α-synuclein immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hsuan Lo
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Hong
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The University of HongKong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Piekarski DJ, Zahr NM, Zhao Q, Ferizi U, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. White matter microstructural integrity continues to develop from adolescence to young adulthood in mice and humans: Same phenotype, different mechanism. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2023; 3:100179. [PMID: 37916059 PMCID: PMC10619509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As direct evaluation of a mouse model of human neurodevelopment, adolescent and young adult mice and humans underwent MR diffusion tensor imaging to quantify age-related differences in microstructural integrity of brain white matter fibers. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was greater in older than younger mice and humans. Despite the cross-species commonality, the underlying developmental mechanism differed: whereas evidence for greater axonal extension contributed to higher FA in older mice, evidence for continuing myelination contributed to higher FA in human adolescent development. These differences occurred in the context of species distinctions in overall brain growth: whereas the continued growth of the brain and skull in the murine model can accommodate volume expansion into adulthood, human white matter volume and myelination continue growth into adulthood within a fixed intracranial volume. Appreciation of the similarities and differences in developmental mechanism can enhance the utility of animal models of brain white matter structure, function, and response to exogenous manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Piekarski
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
| | - Natalie M. Zahr
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Uran Ferizi
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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50
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Liu Z, Chao J, Wang C, Sun G, Roeth D, Liu W, Chen X, Li L, Tian E, Feng L, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M, Kalkum M, Shi Y. Astrocytic response mediated by the CLU risk allele inhibits OPC proliferation and myelination in a human iPSC model. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112841. [PMID: 37494190 PMCID: PMC10510531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The C allele of rs11136000 variant in the clusterin (CLU) gene represents the third strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is functional and what the underlying mechanisms are remain unclear. In this study, the CLU rs11136000 SNP is identified as a functional variant by a small-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen. Astrocytes derived from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the "C" or "T" allele of the CLU rs11136000 SNP exhibit different CLU expression levels. TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) preferentially binds to the "C" allele to promote CLU expression and exacerbate inflammation. The interferon response and CXCL10 expression are elevated in cytokine-treated C/C astrocytes, leading to inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and myelination. Accordingly, elevated CLU and CXCL10 but reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) expression are detected in human brains of C/C carriers. Our study uncovers a mechanism underlying reduced white matter integrity observed in the CLU rs11136000 risk "C" allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianfei Chao
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Roeth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - E Tian
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lizhao Feng
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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