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Yu SP, Choi E, Jiang MQ, Wei L. Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1981-1988. [PMID: 39101641 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same individuals. The comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older populations. This review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical potentials. The activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca 2+ influx is critical for neuronal function. An ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca 2+ mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, particularly of those at the extrasynaptic site. This Ca 2+ -evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute excitotoxicity. Furthermore, mild but sustained Ca 2+ increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic, but gradually set off deteriorating Ca 2+ -dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death pathways. Based on the Ca 2+ hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances, this Ca 2+ -activated "silent" degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic neuropathogenesis. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A, primarily at the extrasynaptic site, serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic excitotoxicity. Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease, therefore, share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor- and Ca 2+ -mediated mechanism, although with much different time courses. It is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca 2+ homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related dementia. This early treatment simultaneously serves as a preconditioning therapy against ischemic stroke that often attacks the same individuals during abnormal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emily Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Q Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Zima L, Moore AN, Smolen P, Kobori N, Noble B, Robinson D, Hood KN, Homma R, Al Mamun A, Redell JB, Dash PK. The evolving pathophysiology of TBI and the advantages of temporally-guided combination therapies. Neurochem Int 2024; 180:105874. [PMID: 39366429 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Several clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) activates cascades of biochemical, molecular, structural, and pathological changes in the brain. These changes combine to contribute to the various outcomes observed after TBI. Given the breadth and complexity of changes, combination treatments may be an effective approach for targeting multiple detrimental pathways to yield meaningful improvements. In order to identify targets for therapy development, the temporally evolving pathophysiology of TBI needs to be elucidated in detail at both the cellular and molecular levels, as it has been shown that the mechanisms contributing to cognitive dysfunction change over time. Thus, a combination of individual mechanism-based therapies is likely to be effective when maintained based on the time courses of the cellular and molecular changes being targeted. In this review, we will discuss the temporal changes of some of the key clinical pathologies of human TBI, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the results from preclinical and clinical studies aimed at mitigating their consequences. As most of the pathological events that occur after TBI are likely to have subsided in the chronic stage of the disease, combination treatments aimed at attenuating chronic conditions such as cognitive dysfunction may not require the initiation of individual treatments at a specific time. We propose that a combination of acute, subacute, and chronic interventions may be necessary to maximally improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for persons who have sustained a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zima
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Smolen
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nobuhide Kobori
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Noble
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dustin Robinson
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly N Hood
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryota Homma
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amar Al Mamun
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John B Redell
- Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Hilton BJ, Griffin JM, Fawcett JW, Bradke F. Neuronal maturation and axon regeneration: unfixing circuitry to enable repair. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:649-667. [PMID: 39164450 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian neurons lose the ability to regenerate their central nervous system axons as they mature during embryonic or early postnatal development. Neuronal maturation requires a transformation from a situation in which neuronal components grow and assemble to one in which these components are fixed and involved in the machinery for effective information transmission and computation. To regenerate after injury, neurons need to overcome this fixed state to reactivate their growth programme. A variety of intracellular processes involved in initiating or sustaining neuronal maturation, including the regulation of gene expression, cytoskeletal restructuring and shifts in intracellular trafficking, have been shown to prevent axon regeneration. Understanding these processes will contribute to the identification of targets to promote repair after injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Hilton
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jarred M Griffin
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - James W Fawcett
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Reconstructive Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medicine Czech Academy of Science (CAS), Prague, Czechia.
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Wall RV, Basavarajappa D, Klistoner A, Graham S, You Y. Mechanisms of Transsynaptic Degeneration in the Aging Brain. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2149-2167. [PMID: 39191395 PMCID: PMC11346400 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature in many neurodegenerative diseases involves the spread of the pathology from the initial site of damage to anatomically and functionally connected regions of the central nervous system (CNS), referred to as transsynaptic degeneration (TSD). This review covers the possible mechanisms of both retrograde and anterograde TSD in various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including synaptically and glial mediated changes contributing to TDS and their potential as therapeutic targets. This phenomenon is well documented in clinical and experimental studies spanning various neurodegenerative diseases and their respective models, with a significant emphasis on the visual pathway, to be explored herein. With the increase in the aging population and subsequent rise in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, it is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Vander Wall
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Devaraj Basavarajappa
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexander Klistoner
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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5
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Escamilla S, Sáez-Valero J, Cuchillo-Ibáñez I. NMDARs in Alzheimer's Disease: Between Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10220. [PMID: 39337704 PMCID: PMC11431980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate receptors with key roles in synaptic communication and plasticity. The activation of synaptic NMDARs initiates plasticity and stimulates cell survival. In contrast, the activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs can promote cell death underlying a potential mechanism of neurodegeneration occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The distribution of synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDARs has emerged as an important parameter contributing to neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Here, we review the concept of extrasynaptic NMDARs, as this population is present in numerous neuronal cell membranes but also in the membranes of various non-neuronal cells. Previous evidence regarding the membranal distribution of synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDRs in relation to AD mice models and in the brains of AD patients will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Escamilla
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cuchillo-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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6
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Ferreira IL, Marinho D, de Rosa V, Castanheira B, Fang Z, Caldeira GL, Mota SI, Rego AC. Linking activation of synaptic NMDA receptors-induced CREB signaling to brief exposure of cortical neurons to oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39263896 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide oligomers (AβO) have been considered "primum movens" for a cascade of events that ultimately cause selective neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, initial events triggered by AβO have not been clearly defined. Synaptic (Syn) N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are known to activate cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcriptional factor involved in gene expression related to cell survival, memory formation and synaptic plasticity, whereas activation of extrasynaptic (ESyn) NMDARs was linked to excitotoxic events. In AD brain, CREB phosphorylation/activation was shown to be altered, along with dyshomeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ i). Thus, in this work, we analyze acute/early and long-term AβO-mediated changes in CREB activation involving Syn or ESyn NMDARs in mature rat cortical neurons. Our findings show that acute AβO exposure produce early increase in phosphorylated CREB, reflecting CREB activity, in a process occurring through Syn NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx. Data also demonstrate that AβO long-term (24 h) exposure compromises synaptic function related to Ca2+-dependent CREB phosphorylation/activation and nuclear CREB levels and related target genes, namely Bdnf, Gadd45γ, and Btg2. Data suggest a dual effect of AβO following early or prolonged exposure in mature cortical neurons through the activation of the CREB signaling pathway, linked to the activation of Syn NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Luísa Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Valéria de Rosa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Castanheira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zongwei Fang
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gladys L Caldeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Mota
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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7
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Wang YM, Yan J, Williams SK, Fairless R, Bading H. TwinF interface inhibitor FP802 prevents retinal ganglion cell loss in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:149. [PMID: 39267142 PMCID: PMC11391826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron loss is well recognized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but research on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is limited. Ocular symptoms are generally not considered classic ALS symptoms, although RGCs and spinal motor neurons share certain cell pathologies, including hallmark signs of glutamate neurotoxicity, which may be triggered by activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs). To explore potential novel strategies to prevent ALS-associated death of RGCs, we utilized inhibition of the TwinF interface, a new pharmacological principle that detoxifies extrasynaptic NMDARs by disrupting the NMDAR/TRPM4 death signaling complex. Using the ALS mouse model SOD1G93A, we found that the small molecule TwinF interface inhibitor FP802 prevents the loss of RGCs, improves pattern electroretinogram (pERG) performance, increases the retinal expression of Bdnf, and restores the retinal expression of the immediate early genes, Inhibin beta A and Npas4. Thus, FP802 not only prevents, as recently described, death of spinal motor neurons in SOD1G93A mice, but it also mitigates ALS-associated retinal damage. TwinF interface inhibitors have great potential for alleviating neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms in ALS patients and offer a promising new avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- FundaMental Pharma GmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Ahtiainen A, Genocchi B, Subramaniyam NP, Tanskanen JMA, Rantamäki T, Hyttinen JAK. Astrocytes facilitate gabazine-evoked electrophysiological hyperactivity and distinct biochemical responses in mature neuronal cultures. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3076-3094. [PMID: 39001671 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that binds to GABA receptors and hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuron. Gabazine acts as a competitive antagonist to type A GABA receptors (GABAAR), thereby causing diminished neuronal hyperpolarization and GABAAR-mediated inhibition. However, the biochemical effects and the potential regulatory role of astrocytes in this process remain poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the neuronal responses of gabazine in rat cortical cultures containing varying ratios of neurons and astrocytes. Electrophysiological characterization was performed utilizing microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with topologically controlled microcircuit cultures that enabled control of neuronal network growth. Biochemical analysis of the cultures was performed using traditional dissociated cultures on coverslips. Our study indicates that, upon gabazine stimulation, astrocyte-rich neuronal cultures exhibit elevated electrophysiological activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB; receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor), along with distinct cytokine secretion profiles. Notably, neurons lacking proper astrocytic support were found to experience synapse loss and decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, astrocytes contributed to neuronal viability, morphology, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and overall neuronal network functionality, highlighting the multifunctional role of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Ahtiainen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Barbara Genocchi
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Narayan Puthanmadam Subramaniyam
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarno M A Tanskanen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari A K Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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9
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Kolić D, Kovarik Z. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors: Structure, function, and role in organophosphorus compound poisoning. Biofactors 2024; 50:868-884. [PMID: 38415801 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute organophosphorus compound (OP) poisoning induces symptoms of the cholinergic crises with the occurrence of severe epileptic seizures. Seizures are induced by hyperstimulation of the cholinergic system, but are enhanced by hyperactivation of the glutamatergic system. Overstimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by the elevated acetylcholine causes glutamatergic hyperexcitation and an increased influx of Ca2+ into neurons through a type of ionotropic glutamate receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDAR). These excitotoxic signaling processes generate reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and activation of the neuroinflammatory response, which can lead to recurrent epileptic seizures, neuronal cell death, and long-term neurological damage. In this review, we illustrate the NMDAR structure, complexity of subunit composition, and the various receptor properties that change accordingly. Although NMDARs are in normal physiological conditions important for controlling synaptic plasticity and mediating learning and memory functions, we elaborate the detrimental role NMDARs play in neurotoxicity of OPs and focus on the central role NMDAR inhibition plays in suppressing neurotoxicity and modulating the inflammatory response. The limited efficacy of current medical therapies for OP poisoning concerning the development of pharmacoresistance and mitigating proinflammatory response highlights the importance of NMDAR inhibitors in preventing neurotoxic processes and points to new avenues for exploring therapeutics for OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Kolić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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García-Revilla J, Ruiz R, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Santiago M, García-Domínguez I, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Bachiller S, Deierborg T, Joseph B, de Pablos RM, Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Venero JL. Dopaminergic neurons lacking Caspase-3 avoid apoptosis but undergo necrosis after MPTP treatment inducing a Galectin-3-dependent selective microglial phagocytic response. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:625. [PMID: 39223107 PMCID: PMC11369297 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Apoptosis is thought to play a critical role in the progression of PD, and thus understanding the effects of antiapoptotic strategies is crucial for developing potential therapies. In this study, we developed a unique genetic model to selectively delete Casp3, the gene encoding the apoptotic protein caspase-3, in dopaminergic neurons (TH-C3KO) and investigated its effects in response to a subacute regime of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration, which is known to trigger apoptotic loss of SNpc dopaminergic neurons. We found that Casp3 deletion did not protect the dopaminergic system in the long term. Instead, we observed a switch in the cell death pathway from apoptosis in wild-type mice to necrosis in TH-C3KO mice. Notably, we did not find any evidence of necroptosis in our model or in in vitro experiments using primary dopaminergic cultures exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in the presence of pan-caspase/caspase-8 inhibitors. Furthermore, we detected an exacerbated microglial response in the ventral mesencephalon of TH-C3KO mice in response to MPTP, which mimicked the microglia neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD). Under these conditions, it was evident the presence of numerous microglial phagocytic cups wrapping around apparently viable dopaminergic cell bodies that were inherently associated with galectin-3 expression. We provide evidence that microglia exhibit phagocytic activity towards both dead and stressed viable dopaminergic neurons through a galectin-3-dependent mechanism. Overall, our findings suggest that inhibiting apoptosis is not a beneficial strategy for treating PD. Instead, targeting galectin-3 and modulating microglial response may be more promising approaches for slowing PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene García-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Lluís Camprubí-Ferrer
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC B11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Shui On Centre, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José A Rodríguez-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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11
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Chowdhury MAR, Haq MM, Lee JH, Jeong S. Multi-faceted regulation of CREB family transcription factors. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1408949. [PMID: 39165717 PMCID: PMC11333461 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1408949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear transcription factor, which can be constitutively activated regardless of external stimuli or be inducibly activated by external factors such as stressors, hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. However, CREB controls diverse biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis in a cell-type-specific manner. The diverse functions of CREB appear to be due to CREB-mediated differential gene expression that depends on cAMP response elements and multi-faceted regulation of CREB activity. Indeed, the transcriptional activity of CREB is controlled at several levels including alternative splicing, post-translational modification, dimerization, specific transcriptional co-activators, non-coding small RNAs, and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we present versatile regulatory modes of CREB family transcription factors and discuss their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arifur Rahman Chowdhury
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Mazedul Haq
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Jeong
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu X, Zhang T, Zhang T, Zhang S, Hu R, Shi L, Wang X, Li J, Shen H, Liu J, Noda M, Peng Y, Long J. Sleep Deprivation Triggers Mitochondrial DNA Release in Microglia to Induce Neural Inflammation: Preventative Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Butyrate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:833. [PMID: 39061901 PMCID: PMC11273532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and neural inflammation, leading to cognitive impairment and mental issues. However, the mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction and neural inflammation still remains unclear. Here, we report that SD rats exhibited multiple behavioral disorders, brain oxidative stress, and robust brain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) oxidation. In particular, SD activated microglia and microglial mtDNA efflux to the cytosol and provoked brain pro-inflammatory cytokines. We observed that the mtDNA efflux and pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly reduced with the suppression of the mtDNA oxidation. With the treatment of a novel mitochondrial nutrient, hydroxytyrosol butyrate (HTHB), the SD-induced behavioral disorders were significantly ameliorated while mtDNA oxidation, mtDNA release, and NF-κB activation were remarkably alleviated in both the rat brain and the N9 microglial cell line. Together, these results indicate that microglial mtDNA oxidation and the resultant release induced by SD mediate neural inflammation and HTHB prevents mtDNA oxidation and efflux, providing a potential treatment for SD-induced mental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachong Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yongyao Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yifang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (X.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tinghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (X.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Shuangxi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Ranrui Hu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Xudong Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- School of Health and Life Science, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mami Noda
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (S.Z.); (R.H.); (L.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
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13
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Wang K, Tan X, Ding KM, Feng XZ, Zhao YY, Zhu WL, Li GH, Li SX. Dynamic regulation of phosphorylation of NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit tyrosine residues mediates ketamine rapid antidepressant effects. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107236. [PMID: 38797358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine depend on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor containing 2B subunit (NR2B), whose function is influenced by its phosphorylated regulation and distribution within and outside synapses. It remains unclear if ketamine's rapid onset of antidepressant effects relies on the dynamic phosphorylated regulation of NR2B within and outside synapses. Here, we show that ketamine rapidlyalleviated depression-like behaviors and normalized abnormal expression of pTyr1472NR2B and striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) 61 within and outside synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and conditional knockdown of STEP 61, a key phosphatase of NR2B, within 1 hour after administration Together, our results delineate the rapid initiation of ketamine's antidepressant effects results from the restoration of NR2B phosphorylation homeostasis within and outside synapses. The dynamic regulation of phosphorylation of NR2B provides a new perspective for developing new antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Tan
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai-Mo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Xue-Zhu Feng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Yu Zhao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Li Zhu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guo-Hai Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Su-Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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14
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Du R, Wang P, Tian N. CD3ζ-Mediated Signaling Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Glutamate Excitotoxicity of the Retina. Cells 2024; 13:1006. [PMID: 38920637 PMCID: PMC11201742 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive levels of glutamate activity could potentially damage and kill neurons. Glutamate excitotoxicity is thought to play a critical role in many CNS and retinal diseases. Accordingly, glutamate excitotoxicity has been used as a model to study neuronal diseases. Immune proteins, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and their receptors, play important roles in many neuronal diseases, while T-cell receptors (TCR) are the primary receptors of MHCI. We previously showed that a critical component of TCR, CD3ζ, is expressed by mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The mutation of CD3ζ or MHCI molecules compromises the development of RGC structure and function. In this study, we investigated whether CD3ζ-mediated molecular signaling regulates RGC death in glutamate excitotoxicity. We show that mutation of CD3ζ significantly increased RGC survival in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In addition, we found that several downstream molecules of TCR, including Src (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase) family kinases (SFKs) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), are expressed by RGCs. Selective inhibition of an SFK member, Hck, or Syk members, Syk or Zap70, significantly increased RGC survival in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. These results provide direct evidence to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms that control RGC death under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Ning Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (R.D.); (P.W.)
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
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15
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Stykel MG, Ryan SD. Network analysis of S-nitrosylated synaptic proteins demonstrates unique roles in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119720. [PMID: 38582237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide can covalently modify cysteine thiols on target proteins to alter that protein's function in a process called S-nitrosylation (SNO). S-nitrosylation of synaptic proteins plays an integral part in neurotransmission. Here we review the function of the SNO-proteome at the synapse and whether clusters of SNO-modification may predict synaptic dysfunction associated with disease. We used a systematic search strategy to concatenate SNO-proteomic datasets from normal human or murine brain samples. Identified SNO-modified proteins were then filtered against proteins reported in the Synaptome Database, which provides a detailed and experimentally verified annotation of all known synaptic proteins. Subsequently, we performed an unbiased network analysis of all known SNO-synaptic proteins to identify clusters of SNO proteins commonly involved in biological processes or with known disease associations. The resulting SNO networks were significantly enriched in biological processes related to metabolism, whereas significant gene-disease associations were related to Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Guided by an unbiased network analysis, the current review presents a thorough discussion of how clustered changes to the SNO-proteome influence health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan G Stykel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Scott D Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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16
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Kellner S, Berlin S. Rescuing tri-heteromeric NMDA receptor function: the potential of pregnenolone-sulfate in loss-of-function GRIN2B variants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:235. [PMID: 38795169 PMCID: PMC11127902 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs emerging from GRIN genes) are tetrameric receptors that form diverse channel compositions in neurons, typically consisting of two GluN1 subunits combined with two GluN2(A-D) subunits. During prenatal stages, the predominant channels are di-heteromers with two GluN1 and two GluN2B subunits due to the high abundance of GluN2B subunits. Postnatally, the expression of GluN2A subunits increases, giving rise to additional subtypes, including GluN2A-containing di-heteromers and tri-heteromers with GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B subunits. The latter emerge as the major receptor subtype at mature synapses in the hippocampus. Despite extensive research on purely di-heteromeric receptors containing two identical GRIN variants, the impact of a single variant on the function of other channel forms, notably tri-heteromers, is lagging. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of two de novo GRIN2B variants (G689C and G689S) in pure, mixed di- and tri-heteromers. Our findings reveal that incorporating a single variant in mixed di-heteromers or tri-heteromers exerts a dominant negative effect on glutamate potency, although 'mixed' channels show improved potency compared to pure variant-containing di-heteromers. We show that a single variant within a receptor complex does not impair the response of all receptor subtypes to the positive allosteric modulator pregnenolone-sulfate (PS), whereas spermine completely fails to potentiate tri-heteromers containing GluN2A and -2B-subunits. We examined PS on primary cultured hippocampal neurons transfected with the variants, and observed a positive impact over current amplitudes and synaptic activity. Together, our study supports previous observations showing that mixed di-heteromers exhibit improved glutamate potency and extend these findings towards the exploration of the effect of Loss-of-Function variants over tri-heteromers. Notably, we provide an initial and crucial demonstration of the beneficial effects of GRIN2B-relevant potentiators on tri-heteromers. Our results underscore the significance of studying how different variants affect distinct receptor subtypes, as these effects cannot be inferred solely from observations made on pure di-heteromers. Overall, this study contributes to ongoing efforts to understand the pathophysiology of GRINopathies and provides insights into potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Kellner
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Bat Galim, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Shai Berlin
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Bat Galim, Haifa, 3525433, Israel.
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17
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Kim AY, Al Jerdi S, MacDonald R, Triggle CR. Alzheimer's disease and its treatment-yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399121. [PMID: 38868666 PMCID: PMC11167451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alois Alzheimer described the first patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1907 and today AD is the most frequently diagnosed of dementias. AD is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder with familial, life style and comorbidity influences impacting a global population of more than 47 million with a projected escalation by 2050 to exceed 130 million. In the USA the AD demographic encompasses approximately six million individuals, expected to increase to surpass 13 million by 2050, and the antecedent phase of AD, recognized as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), involves nearly 12 million individuals. The economic outlay for the management of AD and AD-related cognitive decline is estimated at approximately 355 billion USD. In addition, the intensifying prevalence of AD cases in countries with modest to intermediate income countries further enhances the urgency for more therapeutically and cost-effective treatments and for improving the quality of life for patients and their families. This narrative review evaluates the pathophysiological basis of AD with an initial focus on the therapeutic efficacy and limitations of the existing drugs that provide symptomatic relief: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor allosteric modulator, memantine. The hypothesis that amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau are appropriate targets for drugs and have the potential to halt the progress of AD is critically analyzed with a particular focus on clinical trial data with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (MABs), namely, aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab. This review challenges the dogma that targeting Aβ will benefit the majority of subjects with AD that the anti-Aβ MABs are unlikely to be the "magic bullet". A comparison of the benefits and disadvantages of the different classes of drugs forms the basis for determining new directions for research and alternative drug targets that are undergoing pre-clinical and clinical assessments. In addition, we discuss and stress the importance of the treatment of the co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity and depression that are known to increase the risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Y. Kim
- Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - R. MacDonald
- Health Sciences Library, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - C. R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Giusti SA, Pino NS, Pannunzio C, Ogando MB, Armando NG, Garrett L, Zimprich A, Becker L, Gimeno ML, Lukin J, Merino FL, Pardi MB, Pedroncini O, Di Mauro GC, Durner VG, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Patop IL, Turck CW, Deussing JM, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Jahn O, Kadener S, Hölter SM, Brose N, Giesert F, Wurst W, Marin-Burgin A, Refojo D. A brain-enriched circular RNA controls excitatory neurotransmission and restricts sensitivity to aversive stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8769. [PMID: 38787942 PMCID: PMC11122670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of noncoding RNAs. Despite the identification of thousands of circular transcripts, the biological significance of most of them remains unexplored, partly because of the lack of effective methods for generating loss-of-function animal models. In this study, we focused on circTulp4, an abundant circRNA derived from the Tulp4 gene that is enriched in the brain and synaptic compartments. By creating a circTulp4-deficient mouse model, in which we mutated the splice acceptor site responsible for generating circTulp4 without affecting the linear mRNA or protein levels, we were able to conduct a comprehensive phenotypic analysis. Our results demonstrate that circTulp4 is critical in regulating neuronal and brain physiology, modulating the strength of excitatory neurotransmission and sensitivity to aversive stimuli. This study provides evidence that circRNAs can regulate biologically relevant functions in neurons, with modulatory effects at multiple levels of the phenotype, establishing a proof of principle for the regulatory role of circRNAs in neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Giusti
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia S. Pino
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Camila Pannunzio
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora B. Ogando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia G. Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemarie Zimprich
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria L. Gimeno
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeronimo Lukin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia L. Merino
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Belen Pardi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivia Pedroncini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuliana C. Di Mauro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph W. Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela M. Vogt Weisenhorn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Marin-Burgin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian Refojo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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19
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Deep SN, Seelig S, Paul S, Poddar R. Homocysteine-induced sustained GluN2A NMDA receptor stimulation leads to mitochondrial ROS generation and neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107253. [PMID: 38569938 PMCID: PMC11081806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine metabolism, is a known agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and is involved in neurotoxicity. Our previous findings showed that neuronal exposure to elevated homocysteine levels leads to sustained low-level increase in intracellular Ca2+, which is dependent on GluN2A subunit-containing NMDAR (GluN2A-NMDAR) stimulation. These studies further showed a role of ERK MAPK in homocysteine-GluN2A-NMDAR-mediated neuronal death. However, the intracellular mechanisms associated with such sustained GluN2A-NMDAR stimulation and subsequent Ca2+ influx have remained unexplored. Using live-cell imaging with Fluo3-AM and biochemical approaches, we show that homocysteine-GluN2A NMDAR-induced initial Ca2+ influx triggers sequential phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Src family kinases, which in turn phosphorylates GluN2A-Tyr1325 residue of GluN2A-NMDARs to maintain channel activity. The continuity of this cycle of events leads to sustained Ca2+ influx through GluN2A-NMDAR. Our findings also show that lack of activation of the regulatory tyrosine phosphatase STEP, which can limit Pyk2 and Src family kinase activity further contributes to the maintenance of this cycle. Additional studies using live-cell imaging of neurons expressing a redox-sensitive GFP targeted to the mitochondrial matrix show that treatment with homocysteine leads to a progressive increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, which is dependent on GluN2A-NMDAR-mediated sustained ERK MAPK activation. This later finding demonstrates a novel role of GluN2A-NMDAR in homocysteine-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and highlights the role of ERK MAPK as the intermediary signaling pathway between GluN2A-NMDAR stimulation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Deep
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sarah Seelig
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ranjana Poddar
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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20
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Lee P, Kim J, Choi IY, Pal R, Hui D, Marcario JK, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK. Increases in anterograde axoplasmic transport in neurons of the hyper-glutamatergic, glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (Glud1) transgenic mouse: Effects of glutamate receptors on transport. J Neurochem 2024; 168:719-727. [PMID: 38124277 PMCID: PMC11102336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate has a role in neuronal migration and process elongation in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of chronic glutamate hyperactivity on vesicular and protein transport within CNS neurons, that is, processes necessary for neurite growth, have not been examined previously. In this study, we measured the effects of lifelong hyperactivity of glutamate neurotransmission on axoplasmic transport in CNS neurons. We compared wild-type (wt) to transgenic (Tg) mice over-expressing the glutamate dehydrogenase gene Glud1 in CNS neurons and exhibiting increases in glutamate transmitter formation, release, and synaptic activation in brain throughout the lifespan. We found that Glud1 Tg as compared with wt mice exhibited increases in the rate of anterograde axoplasmic transport in neurons of the hippocampus measured in brain slices ex vivo, and in olfactory neurons measured in vivo. We also showed that the in vitro pharmacologic activation of glutamate synapses in wt mice led to moderate increases in axoplasmic transport, while exposure to selective inhibitors of ion channel forming glutamate receptors very significantly suppressed anterograde transport, suggesting a link between synaptic glutamate receptor activation and axoplasmic transport. Finally, axoplasmic transport in olfactory neurons of Tg mice in vivo was partially inhibited following 14-day intake of ethanol, a known suppressor of axoplasmic transport and of glutamate neurotransmission. The same was true for transport in hippocampal neurons in slices from Glud1 Tg mice exposed to ethanol for 2 h ex vivo. In conclusion, endogenous activity at glutamate synapses regulates and glutamate synaptic hyperactivity increases intraneuronal transport rates in CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Lee
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Ranu Pal
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Dongwei Hui
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Joanne K. Marcario
- Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 USA
| | - Mary L. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Elias K. Michaelis
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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21
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Abstract
Regulated cell death mediated by dedicated molecular machines, known as programmed cell death, plays important roles in health and disease. Apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis are three such programmed cell death modalities. The caspase family of cysteine proteases serve as key regulators of programmed cell death. During apoptosis, a cascade of caspase activation mediates signal transduction and cellular destruction, whereas pyroptosis occurs when activated caspases cleave gasdermins, which can then form pores in the plasma membrane. Necroptosis, a form of caspase-independent programmed necrosis mediated by RIPK3 and MLKL, is inhibited by caspase-8-mediated cleavage of RIPK1. Disruption of cellular homeostatic mechanisms that are essential for cell survival, such as normal ionic and redox balance and lysosomal flux, can also induce cell death without invoking programmed cell death mechanisms. Excitotoxicity, ferroptosis and lysosomal cell death are examples of such cell death modes. In this Review, we provide an overview of the major cell death mechanisms, highlighting the latest insights into their complex regulation and execution, and their relevance to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Sanofi, Rare and Neurological Diseases Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Zong P, Legere N, Feng J, Yue L. TRP Channels in Excitotoxicity. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241246530. [PMID: 38682490 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241246530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is a central mechanism contributing to cellular dysfunction and death in various neurological disorders and diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, mood disorders, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, pathologic pain, and even normal aging-related changes. This detrimental effect emerges from glutamate binding to glutamate receptors, including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, kainate receptors, and GluD receptors. Thus, excitotoxicity could be prevented by targeting glutamate receptors and their downstream signaling pathways. However, almost all the glutamate receptor antagonists failed to attenuate excitotoxicity in human patients, mainly due to the limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating excitotoxicity. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels serve as ancient cellular sensors capable of detecting and responding to both external and internal stimuli. The study of human TRP channels has flourished in recent decades since the initial discovery of mammalian TRP in 1995. These channels have been found to play pivotal roles in numerous pathologic conditions, including excitotoxicity. In this review, our focus centers on exploring the intricate interactions between TRP channels and glutamate receptors in excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT, USA
- Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nicholas Legere
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine (UConn Health), Farmington, CT, USA
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23
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Estevez I, Buckley BD, Panzera N, Lindman M, Chou TW, McCourt M, Vaglio BJ, Atkins C, Firestein BL, Daniels BP. RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during CNS viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591333. [PMID: 38712188 PMCID: PMC11071512 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
While recent work has identified roles for immune mediators in the regulation of neural activity, the capacity for cell intrinsic innate immune signaling within neurons to influence neurotransmission remains poorly understood. However, the existing evidence linking immune signaling with neuronal function suggests that modulation of neurotransmission may serve previously undefined roles in host protection during infection of the central nervous system. Here, we identify a specialized function for RIPK3, a kinase traditionally associated with necroptotic cell death, in preserving neuronal survival during neurotropic flavivirus infection through the suppression of excitatory neurotransmission. We show that RIPK3 coordinates transcriptomic changes in neurons that suppress neuronal glutamate signaling, thereby desensitizing neurons to excitotoxic cell death. These effects occur independently of the traditional functions of RIPK3 in promoting necroptosis and inflammatory transcription. Instead, RIPK3 promotes phosphorylation of the key neuronal regulatory kinase CaMKII, which in turn activates the transcription factor CREB to drive a neuroprotective transcriptional program and suppress deleterious glutamatergic signaling. These findings identify an unexpected function for a canonical cell death protein in promoting neuronal survival during viral infection through the modulation of neuronal activity, highlighting new mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Buckley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas Panzera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Micheal McCourt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brandon J. Vaglio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Lead Contact
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24
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Raïch I, Lillo J, Rebassa JB, Capó T, Cordomí A, Reyes-Resina I, Pallàs M, Navarro G. Dual Role of NMDAR Containing NR2A and NR2B Subunits in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4757. [PMID: 38731978 PMCID: PMC11084423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Given that learning and memory are impaired in this pathology, NMDA receptors (NMDARs) appear as key players in the onset and progression of the disease. NMDARs are glutamate receptors, mainly located at the post-synapse, which regulate voltage-dependent influx of calcium into the neurons. They are heterotetramers, and there are different subunits that can be part of the receptors, which are usually composed of two obligatory GluN1 subunits plus either two NR2A or two NR2B subunits. NR2A are mostly located at the synapse, and their activation is involved in the expression of pro-survival genes. Conversely, NR2B are mainly extrasynaptic, and their activation has been related to cell death and neurodegeneration. Thus, activation of NR2A and/or inactivation of NR2B-containing NMDARS has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to treat AD. Here, we wanted to investigate the main differences between both subunits signalling in neuronal primary cultures of the cortex and hippocampus. It has been observed that Aβ induces a significant increase in calcium release and also in MAPK phosphorylation signalling in NR2B-containing NMDAR in cortical and hippocampal neurons. However, while NR2A-containing NMDAR decreases neuronal death and favours cell viability after Aβ treatment, NR2B-containing NMDAR shows higher levels of cytotoxicity and low levels of neuronal survival. Finally, it has been detected that NMDAR has no effect on pTau axonal transport. The present results demonstrate a different role between GluNA and GluNB subunits in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (J.L.); (J.B.R.); (I.R.-R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (J.L.); (J.B.R.); (I.R.-R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (J.L.); (J.B.R.); (I.R.-R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Toni Capó
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Bioinformatics, Escola Superior de Comerç Internacional-University Pompeu Fabra (ESCI-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (J.L.); (J.B.R.); (I.R.-R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.); (J.L.); (J.B.R.); (I.R.-R.)
- Institut de Neurociències UB, Campus Mundet, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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25
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Zhu H, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang HT, Dong M. Discovery of novel positive allosteric modulators targeting GluN1/2A NMDARs as anti-stroke therapeutic agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1307-1319. [PMID: 38665828 PMCID: PMC11042165 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity due to excessive activation of NMDARs is one of the main mechanisms of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Previous studies have suggested that activation of either synaptic or extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs results in neuronal damage, whereas activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs promotes neuronal survival against ischemic insults. This study applied a systematic in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach to the discovery of novel and potential GluN1/2A NMDAR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Ten compounds were obtained and identified as potential GluN1/2A PAMs by structure-based virtual screening and calcium imaging. The neuroprotective activity of the candidate compounds was demonstrated in vitro. Subsequently, compound 15 (aegeline) was tested further in the model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in vivo, which significantly decreased cerebral infarction. The mechanism by which aegeline exerts its effect on allosteric modulation was revealed using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we found that the neuroprotective effect of aegeline was significantly correlated with the enhanced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our study discovered the neuroprotective effect of aegeline as a novel PAM targeting GluN1/2A NMDAR, which provides a potential opportunity for the development of therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital Qingdao 266034 Shandong Province China
| | - Xuequan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
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26
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Wu M, Xu S, Mi K, Yang S, Xu Y, Li J, Chen J, Zhang X. GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor attenuated neuronal apoptosis in the mouse model of HIBD through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1375843. [PMID: 38638600 PMCID: PMC11024425 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1375843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) refers to brain damage in newborns caused by hypoxia and reduced or even stopped cerebral blood flow during the perinatal period. Currently, there are no targeted treatments for neonatal ischemic hypoxic brain damage, primarily due to the incomplete understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms. Especially, the role of NMDA receptors is less studied in HIBD. Therefore, this study explored the molecular mechanism of endogenous protection mediated by GluN2B-NMDAR in HIBD. Method Hypoxic ischemia was induced in mice aged 9-11 days. The brain damage was examined by Nissl staining and HE staining, while neuronal apoptosis was examined by Hoechst staining and TTC staining. And cognitive deficiency of mice was examined by various behavior tests including Barnes Maze, Three Chamber Social Interaction Test and Elevated Plus Maze. The activation of ER stress signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot. Results We found that after HIBD induction, the activation of GluN2B-NMDAR attenuated neuronal apoptosis and brain damage. Meanwhile, the ER stress PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway was activated in a time-dependent manner after HIBE. Furthermore, after selective inhibiting GluN2B-NMDAR in HIBD mice with ifenprodil, the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway remains continuously activated, leading to neuronal apoptosis, morphological brain damage. and aggravating deficits in spatial memory, cognition, and social abilities in adult mice. Discussion The results of this study indicate that, unlike its role in adult brain damage, GluN2B in early development plays a neuroprotective role in HIBD by inhibiting excessive activation of the PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway. This study provides theoretical support for the clinical development of targeted drugs or treatment methods for HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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27
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Beckley JT, Aman TK, Ackley MA, Kazdoba TM, Lewis MC, Smith AC, Farley BJ, Dai J, Deats W, Hoffmann E, Robichaud AJ, Doherty JJ, Quirk MC. Pharmacological characterization of SAGE-718, a novel positive allosteric modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1028-1050. [PMID: 37698384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Select neuroactive steroids tune neural activity by modulating excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, including the endogenous cholesterol metabolite 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-HC), which is an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM). NMDA receptor PAMs are potentially an effective pharmacotherapeutic strategy to treat conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiological recording experiments and behavioural approaches, we evaluated the effect of SAGE-718, a novel neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM currently in clinical development for the treatment of cognitive impairment, on NMDA receptor function and endpoints that are altered by NMDA receptor hypoactivity and assessed its safety profile. KEY RESULTS SAGE-718 potentiated GluN1/GluN2A-D NMDA receptors with equipotency and increased NMDA receptor excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude without affecting decay kinetics in striatal medium spiny neurons. SAGE-718 increased the rate of unblock of the NMDA receptor open channel blocker ketamine on GluN1/GluN2A in vitro and accelerated the rate of return on the ketamine-evoked increase in gamma frequency band power, as measured with electroencephalogram (EEG), suggesting that PAM activity is driven by increased channel open probability. SAGE-718 ameliorated deficits due to NMDA receptor hypofunction, including social deficits induced by subchronic administration of phencyclidine, and behavioural and electrophysiological deficits from cholesterol and 24(S)-HC depletion caused by 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase inhibition. Finally, SAGE-718 did not produce epileptiform activity in a seizure model or neurodegeneration following chronic dosing. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings provide strong evidence that SAGE-718 is a neuroactive steroid NMDA receptor PAM with a mechanism that is well suited as a treatment for conditions associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa K Aman
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne C Smith
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jing Dai
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wayne Deats
- Sage Therapeutics Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Carles A, Freyssin A, Perin-Dureau F, Rubinstenn G, Maurice T. Targeting N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3733. [PMID: 38612544 PMCID: PMC11011887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are the main class of ionotropic receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They play a crucial role in the permeability of Ca2+ ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Being heteromeric receptors, they are composed of several subunits, including two obligatory GluN1 subunits (eight splice variants) and regulatory GluN2 (GluN2A~D) or GluN3 (GluN3A~B) subunits. Widely distributed in the brain, they regulate other neurotransmission systems and are therefore involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning and memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The present review will detail the structure, composition, and localization of NMDARs, their role and regulation at the glutamatergic synapse, and their impact on cognitive processes and in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease). The pharmacology of different NMDAR antagonists and their therapeutic potentialities will be presented. In particular, a focus will be given on fluoroethylnormemantine (FENM), an investigational drug with very promising development as a neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer's disease, in complement to its reported efficacy as a tomography radiotracer for NMDARs and an anxiolytic drug in post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Carles
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Aline Freyssin
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (A.F.)
- ReST Therapeutics, 34095 Montpellier, France; (F.P.-D.); (G.R.)
| | | | | | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; (A.C.); (A.F.)
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Tsai YC, Huang SM, Peng HH, Lin SW, Lin SR, Chin TY, Huang SM. Imbalance of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors induced by the deletion of CRMP1 accelerates age-related cognitive decline in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 135:48-59. [PMID: 38176125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) is involved in semaphorin 3A signaling pathway, promoting neurite extension and growth cone collapse. It is highly expressed in the nervous system, especially the hippocampus. The crmp1 knockout (KO) mice display impaired spatial learning and memory, and this phenomenon seemingly tends to deteriorate with age. Here we investigated whether CRMP1 is involved in age-related cognitive decline in WT and crmp1 KO mice at adult, middle-aged and older stages. The results revealed that cognitive dysfunction in the Morris water maze task became more severe and decreased glutamate and glutamine level in middle-aged crmp1 KO mice. Additionally, increasing levels of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors and phosphorylation of Tau were observed in middle-aged crmp1 KO mice, leading to synaptic and neuronal loss in the CA3 regions of hippocampus. These findings suggest that deletion of CRMP1 accelerates age-related cognitive decline by disrupting the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, resulting in the loss of synapses and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chieh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Hsia Peng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rung Lin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yu Chin
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kouba BR, de Araujo Borba L, Borges de Souza P, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Role of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Major Depressive Disorder: From Etiology to Potential Pharmacological Targets. Cells 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38474387 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of central and peripheral inflammation in the pathogenesis and prognosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) in individuals with depression may elicit neuroinflammatory processes and peripheral inflammation, mechanisms that, in turn, can contribute to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Together, neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis induce alterations in tryptophan metabolism, culminating in decreased serotonin synthesis, impairments in neuroplasticity-related mechanisms, and glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. This review aims to highlight the inflammatory mechanisms (neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and gut dysbiosis) involved in the pathophysiology of MDD and to explore novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for this psychiatric disturbance. Several lines of evidence have indicated that in addition to antidepressants, physical exercise, probiotics, and nutraceuticals (agmatine, ascorbic acid, and vitamin D) possess anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to their antidepressant properties. Further studies are necessary to explore the therapeutic benefits of these alternative therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R Kouba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Pedro Borges de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Beletskiy A, Zolotar A, Fortygina P, Chesnokova E, Uroshlev L, Balaban P, Kolosov P. Downregulation of Ribosomal Protein Genes Is Revealed in a Model of Rat Hippocampal Neuronal Culture Activation with GABA(A)R/GlyRa2 Antagonist Picrotoxin. Cells 2024; 13:383. [PMID: 38474347 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-read transcriptome sequencing provides us with a convenient tool for the thorough study of biological processes such as neuronal plasticity. Here, we aimed to perform transcriptional profiling of rat hippocampal primary neuron cultures after stimulation with picrotoxin (PTX) to further understand molecular mechanisms of neuronal activation. To overcome the limitations of short-read RNA-Seq approaches, we performed an Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION-based long-read sequencing and transcriptome assembly of rat primary hippocampal culture mRNA at three time points after the PTX activation. We used a specific approach to exclude uncapped mRNAs during sample preparation. Overall, we found 23,652 novel transcripts in comparison to reference annotations, out of which ~6000 were entirely novel and mostly transposon-derived loci. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed that 3046 genes were differentially expressed, of which 2037 were upregulated and 1009 were downregulated at 30 min after the PTX application, with only 446 and 13 genes differentially expressed at 1 h and 5 h time points, respectively. Most notably, multiple genes encoding ribosomal proteins, with a high basal expression level, were downregulated after 30 min incubation with PTX; we suggest that this indicates redistribution of transcriptional resources towards activity-induced genes. Novel loci and isoforms observed in this study may help us further understand the functional mRNA repertoire in neuronal plasticity processes. Together with other NGS techniques, differential gene expression analysis of sequencing data obtained using MinION platform might provide a simple method to optimize further study of neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Beletskiy
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Zolotar
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Fortygina
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Chesnokova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Uroshlev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Kolosov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Yan J, Wang YM, Hellwig A, Bading H. TwinF interface inhibitor FP802 stops loss of motor neurons and mitigates disease progression in a mouse model of ALS. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101413. [PMID: 38325382 PMCID: PMC10897598 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Toxic signaling by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (eNMDARs) is considered an important promoter of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease progression. To exploit this therapeutically, we take advantage of TwinF interface (TI) inhibition, a pharmacological principle that, contrary to classical NMDAR pharmacology, allows selective elimination of eNMDAR-mediated toxicity via disruption of the NMDAR/TRPM4 death signaling complex while sparing the vital physiological functions of synaptic NMDARs. Post-disease onset treatment of the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model with FP802, a modified TI inhibitor with a safe pharmacology profile, stops the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, resulting in a reduction in the serum biomarker neurofilament light chain, improved motor performance, and an extension of life expectancy. FP802 also effectively blocks NMDA-induced death of neurons in ALS patient-derived forebrain organoids. These results establish eNMDAR toxicity as a key player in ALS pathogenesis. TI inhibitors may provide an effective treatment option for ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hellwig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vaglio-Garro A, Kozlov AV, Smirnova YD, Weidinger A. Pathological Interplay between Inflammation and Mitochondria Aggravates Glutamate Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2276. [PMID: 38396952 PMCID: PMC10889519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and glutamate toxicity are associated with neural disorders, including brain trauma. A review of the literature suggests that toxic and transmission actions of neuronal glutamate are spatially and functionally separated. The transmission pathway utilizes synaptic GluN2A receptors, rapidly released pool of glutamate, evoked release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 1 and the amount of extracellular glutamate regulated by astrocytes. The toxic pathway utilizes extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors and a cytoplasmic pool of glutamate, which results from the spontaneous release of glutamate mediated by Synaptotagmin 7 and the neuronal 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme. Additionally, the inhibition of OGDHC observed upon neuro-inflammation is due to an excessive release of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species by immune cells. The loss of OGDHC inhibits uptake of glutamate by mitochondria, thus facilitating its extracellular accumulation and stimulating toxic glutamate pathway without affecting transmission. High levels of extracellular glutamate lead to dysregulation of intracellular redox homeostasis and cause ferroptosis, excitotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The latter affects the transmission pathway demanding high-energy supply and leading to cell death. Mitochondria aggravate glutamate toxicity due to impairments in the TCA cycle and become a victim of glutamate toxicity, which disrupts oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, therapies targeting the TCA cycle in neurological disorders may be more efficient than attempting to preserve mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vaglio-Garro
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey V. Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuliya D. Smirnova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.); (Y.D.S.); (A.W.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Di Pierdomenico J, Gallego-Ortega A, Norte-Muñoz M, Vidal-Villegas B, Bravo I, Boluda-Ruiz M, Bernal-Garro JM, Fernandez-Bueno I, Pastor-Jimeno JC, Villegas-Pérez MP, Avilés-Trigueros M, de Los Ríos C, Vidal-Sanz M. Evaluation of the neuroprotective efficacy of the gramine derivative ITH12657 against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in the rat retina. Front Neuroanat 2024; 18:1335176. [PMID: 38415017 PMCID: PMC10898249 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1335176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate, the neuroprotective effects of a new Gramine derivative named: ITH12657, in a model of retinal excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of NMDA. Methods Adult Sprague Dawley rats received an intravitreal injection of 100 mM NMDA in their left eye and were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of ITH12657 or vehicle. The best dose-response, therapeutic window study, and optimal treatment duration of ITH12657 were studied. Based on the best survival of Brn3a + RGCs obtained from the above-mentioned studies, the protective effects of ITH12657 were studied in vivo (retinal thickness and full-field Electroretinography), and ex vivo by quantifying the surviving population of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGCs and their subtypes α-ONsRGCs, α-ONtRGCs, and α-OFFRGCs. Results Administration of 10 mg/kg ITH12657, starting 12 h before NMDA injection and dispensed for 3 days, resulted in the best significant protection of Brn3a + RGCs against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. In vivo, ITH12657-treated rats showed significant preservation of retinal thickness and functional protection against NMDA-induced retinal excitotoxicity. Ex vivo results showed that ITH12657 afforded a significant protection against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity for the populations of Brn3a + RGC, αRGC, and αONs-RGC, but not for the population of αOFF-RGC, while the population of α-ONtRGC was fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of ITH12657 at 10 mg/kg, initiated 12 h before NMDA-induced retinal injury and continued for 3 days, resulted in the best protection of Brn3a + RGCs, αRGC, and αONs-RGC against excitotoxicity-induced RGC death. The population of αOFF-RGCs was extremely sensitive while α-ONtRGCs were fully resistant to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isaac Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Boluda-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Iván Fernandez-Bueno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Pastor-Jimeno
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Retina Group, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristobal de Los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Iacobucci GJ, Popescu GK. Calcium- and calmodulin-dependent inhibition of NMDA receptor currents. Biophys J 2024; 123:277-293. [PMID: 38140727 PMCID: PMC10870176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) reduce NMDA receptor currents through several distinct mechanisms. Among these, calmodulin (CaM)-dependent inhibition (CDI) accomplishes rapid, reversible, and incomplete reduction of the NMDA receptor currents in response to elevations in intracellular Ca2+. Quantitative and mechanistic descriptions of CDI of NMDA receptor-mediated signals have been marred by variability originating, in part, from differences in the conditions and metrics used to evaluate this process across laboratories. Recent ratiometric approaches to measure the magnitude and kinetics of NMDA receptor CDI have facilitated rapid insights into this phenomenon. Notably, the kinetics and magnitude of NMDA receptor CDI depend on the degree of saturation of its CaM binding sites, which represent the bona fide calcium sensor for this type of inhibition, the kinetics and magnitude of the Ca2+ signal, which depends on the biophysical properties of the NMDA receptor or of adjacent Ca2+ sources, and on the relative distribution of Ca2+ sources and CaM molecules. Given that all these factors vary widely during development, across cell types, and with physiological and pathological states, it is important to understand how NMDA receptor CDI develops and how it contributes to signaling in the central nervous system. Here, we review briefly these recent advances and highlight remaining questions about the structural and kinetic mechanisms of NMDA receptor CDI. Given that pathologies can arise from several sources, including mutations in the NMDA receptor and in CaM, understanding how CaM responds to intracellular Ca2+ signals to initiate conformational changes in NMDA receptors, and mapping the structural domains responsible will help to envision novel therapeutic strategies to neuropsychiatric diseases, which presently have limited available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Iacobucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, New York.
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Vyas A, Doshi G. A cross talk on the role of contemporary biomarkers in depression. Biomarkers 2024; 29:18-29. [PMID: 38261718 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2308834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers can be used to identify determinants of response to various treatments of mental disorders. Evidence to date demonstrates that markers of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic function can predict the psychological and physical consequences of depression in individuals, allowing for the development of new therapeutic targets with fewer side effects. Extensive research has included hundreds of potential biomarkers of depression, but their roles in depression, abnormal patients, and how bioinformatics can be used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis have not been determined or defined. To determine which biomarkers can and cannot be used to predict treatment response, classify patients for specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions, proprietary strategies, and current research projects need to be tailored.Material and Methods: This review article focuses on - biomarker systems that would help in the further development and expansion of newer targets - which holds great promise for reducing the burden of depression.Results and Discussion: Further, this review point to the inflammatory response, metabolic marker, and microribonucleic acids, long non-coding RNAs, HPA axis which are - related to depression and can serve as future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Del Franco AP, Newman EA. Astrocyte β-Adrenergic Receptor Activity Regulates NMDA Receptor Signaling of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0990232023. [PMID: 37989594 PMCID: PMC10860478 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0990-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate spillover from the synapse is tightly regulated by astrocytes, limiting the activation of extrasynaptically located NMDA receptors (NMDAR). The processes of astrocytes are dynamic and can modulate synaptic physiology. Though norepinephrine (NE) and β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activity can modify astrocyte volume, this has yet to be confirmed outside of sensory cortical areas, nor has the effect of noradrenergic signaling on glutamate spillover and neuronal NMDAR activity been explored. We monitored changes to astrocyte process volume in response to noradrenergic agonists in the medial prefrontal cortex of male and female mice. Both NE and the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO) increased process volume by ∼20%, significantly higher than changes seen when astrocytes had G-protein signaling blocked by GDPβS. We measured the effect of β-AR signaling on evoked NMDAR currents. While ISO did not affect single stimulus excitatory currents of Layer 5 pyramidal neurons, ISO reduced NMDAR currents evoked by 10 stimuli at 50 Hz, which elicits glutamate spillover, by 18%. After isolating extrasynaptic NMDARs by blocking synaptic NMDARs with the activity-dependent NMDAR blocker MK-801, ISO similarly reduced extrasynaptic NMDAR currents in response to 10 stimuli by 18%. Finally, blocking β-AR signaling in the astrocyte network by loading them with GDPβS reversed the ISO effect on 10 stimuli-evoked NMDAR currents. These results demonstrate that astrocyte β-AR activity reduces extrasynaptic NMDAR recruitment, suggesting that glutamate spillover is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armani P Del Franco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota
| | - Eric A Newman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, Minnesota
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38
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Al-Btoush HA, Al-Sha'er MA. In silico Evaluation of Ferulic Acid Based Multifunctional Conjugates as Potential Drug Candidates. Med Chem 2024; 20:232-244. [PMID: 37448367 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230713161434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has shown that ferulic acid (FA, trans-4-hydroxy-3- methoxycinnamic acid) has remarkable antioxidant properties and a wide range of biological activities. Conjugation of two or more biologically active compounds to produce a novel molecular scaffold is justified by the need to enhance biological activity against a single target or obtain a conjugate that behaves as a multi-target-directed ligand. In addition, the conjugation strategy decreases dose-dependent side effects by promoting the use of smaller doses of conjugated components to treat the disease. Moreover, the patient's compliance is positively affected when conjugating two active compounds into a single more active compound as this reduces the number of pills to be taken daily. OBJECTIVE This study aims to shed light on studies that design and synthesize FA-based hybrid compounds with enhanced biological activities and to in silico assess these compounds as potential drug candidates. METHODS The conjugate compounds were found by searching the literature using the keywords (ferulic acid-based hybrid or ferulic acid-based conjugate). To study conjugate pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity (ADMET), software suites from Biovia Inc. (San Diego, California) were integrated into Discovery Studio 4.5. The structures were created using ChemDraw Ultra 7.0. RESULTS 14 conjugates exhibiting variable biological activities were collected and three of them (compounds 3,5, and 6) in addition to the cis FA (compound 12) are the best-predicted compounds with low Daphnia toxicity and hepatotoxicity with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. CONCLUSION Cis FA, FA conjugates 3,5, and 6 act as good drug candidates that can be used to modify new hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat A Al-Btoush
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Al-Sha'er
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, P.O. Box 132222, Zarqa, 13132, Jordan
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Türker F, Brennan A, Margolis SS. Neuronal membrane proteasome-derived peptides modulate NMDAR-dependent neuronal signaling to promote changes in gene expression. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar6. [PMID: 37910253 PMCID: PMC10881162 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal membrane proteasome (NMP) degrades intracellular proteins into peptides that are released directly into the extracellular space, whereby they stimulate neurons to promote signaling mechanisms that remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal stimulation promotes NMP activity and, subsequently, enhanced production of NMP peptides. We show that these neuronal activity-dependent NMP peptides can rapidly promote N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent calcium influx in neurons. This leads to sustained phosphorylation of the well-defined stimulus-induced transcription factor, cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB). Downstream of these events, we identified changes to neuronal target genes which included increased expression of immediate early genes (e.g., Fos, Npas4, Egr4) and other genes known to have critical neuroregulatory roles. Further observations led to the discovery that NMP peptide-induced changes in gene expression is dependent on NMDARs and independent of AMPA receptors or voltage-gated sodium channels. These data demonstrate that NMP peptides are endogenous and selective activators of NMDA receptors and act as sufficient and novel stimuli within the context of neuronal activity-dependent signaling. This novel pathway is parallel to classic neuronal activity-dependent programs and points to NMP and its resulting peptides as potential modulators of neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Türker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Anna Brennan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Seth S. Margolis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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40
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Basagni F, Ortega JA, Bertozzi SM, Armirotti A, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Bartolini M, Mellor IR, Bedeschi M, Bottegoni G, Lembo V, Minarini A, Cavalli A, Rosini M. Galantamine-memantine hybrids for Alzheimer's disease: The influence of linker rigidity in biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115803. [PMID: 37734258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes characterizing Alzheimer's disease (AD) are strictly related to the impairment of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems which provoke synaptic loss. These experimental evidences still represent the foundation of the actual standard-of-care treatment for AD, albeit palliative, consisting on the coadministration of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the NMDAR antagonist memantine. In looking for more effective treatments, we previously developed a series of galantamine-memantine hybrids where compound 1 (ARN14140) emerged with the best-balanced action toward the targets of interest paired to neuroprotective efficacy in a murine AD model. Unfortunately, it showed a suboptimal pharmacokinetic profile, which required intracerebroventricular administration for in vivo studies. In this work we designed and synthesized new hybrids with fewer rotatable bonds, which is related to higher brain exposure. Particularly, compound 2, bearing a double bond in the tether, ameliorated the biological profile of compound 1 in invitro studies, increasing cholinesterases inhibitory potencies and selective antagonism toward excitotoxic-related GluN1/2B NMDAR over beneficial GluN1/2A NMDAR. Furthermore, it showed increased plasma stability and comparable microsomal stability in vitro, paired with lower half-life and faster clearance in vivo. Remarkably, pharmacokinetic evaluations of compound 2 showed a promising increase in brain uptake in comparison to compound 1, representing the starting point for further chemical optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jose A Ortega
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Sine M Bertozzi
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vittorio Lembo
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Liu W, Li Y, Zhao T, Gong M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu L, Li W, Li Y, Jia J. The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease: From pathophysiology to therapeutic approaches. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102534. [PMID: 37783430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are involved in multiple physiopathological processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal network activities, excitotoxic events, and cognitive impairment. Abnormalities in NMDARs can initiate a cascade of pathological events, notably in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and even other neuropsychiatric disorders. The subunit composition of NMDARs is plastic, giving rise to a diverse array of receptor subtypes. While they are primarily found in neurons, NMDAR complexes, comprising both traditional and atypical subunits, are also present in non-neuronal cells, influencing the functions of various peripheral tissues. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions within NMDAR complexes has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which potentially served as an obligatory relay of cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, the precise mechanistic link remains to be fully elucidated. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the structure and function of NMDAR, investigated their interactions with various pathogenic proteins, discussed the current landscape of NMDAR-based therapeutics, and highlighted the remaining challenges during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Tan Zhao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Min Gong
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Xuechu Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, PR China; Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, PR China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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Nassrallah WB, Ramandi D, Cheng J, Oh J, Mackay J, Sepers MD, Lau D, Bading H, Raymond LA. Activin A targets extrasynaptic NMDA receptors to ameliorate neuronal and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 189:106360. [PMID: 37992785 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical-striatal synaptic dysfunction, including enhanced toxic signaling by extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (eNMDARs), precedes neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD). A previous study showed Activin A, whose transcription is upregulated by calcium influx via synaptic NMDARs, suppresses eNMDAR signaling. Therefore, we examined the role of Activin A in the YAC128 HD mouse model, comparing it to wild-type controls. We found decreased Activin A secretion in YAC128 cortical-striatal co-cultures, while Activin A overexpression in this model rescued altered eNMDAR expression. Striatal overexpression of Activin A in vivo improved motor learning on the rotarod task, and normalized striatal neuronal eNMDAR-mediated currents, membrane capacitance and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency in the YAC128 mice. These results support the therapeutic potential of Activin A signaling and targeting eNMDARs to restore striatal neuronal health and ameliorate behavioral deficits in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam B Nassrallah
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Ramandi
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Judy Cheng
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - James Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marja D Sepers
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Lau
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lynn A Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Salavatian S, Robbins EM, Kuwabara Y, Castagnola E, Cui XT, Mahajan A. Real-time in vivo thoracic spinal glutamate sensing during myocardial ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1304-H1317. [PMID: 37737733 PMCID: PMC10908408 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00299.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the spinal cord, glutamate serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter. Monitoring spinal glutamate concentrations offers valuable insights into spinal neural processing. Consequently, spinal glutamate concentration has the potential to emerge as a useful biomarker for conditions characterized by increased spinal neural network activity, especially when uptake systems become dysfunctional. In this study, we developed a multichannel custom-made flexible glutamate-sensing probe for the large-animal model that is capable of measuring extracellular glutamate concentrations in real time and in vivo. We assessed the probe's sensitivity and specificity through in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Remarkably, this developed probe demonstrates nearly instantaneous glutamate detection and allows continuous monitoring of glutamate concentrations. Furthermore, we evaluated the mechanical and sensing performance of the probe in vivo, within the pig spinal cord. Moreover, we applied the glutamate-sensing method using the flexible probe in the context of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. During I/R injury, cardiac sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion transmit excitatory signals to the spinal cord, resulting in sympathetic activation that potentially leads to fatal arrhythmias. We have successfully shown that our developed glutamate-sensing method can detect this spinal network excitation during myocardial ischemia. This study illustrates a novel technique for measuring spinal glutamate at different spinal cord levels as a surrogate for the spinal neural network activity during cardiac interventions that engage the cardio-spinal neural pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we have developed a new flexible sensing probe to perform an in vivo measurement of spinal glutamate signaling in a large animal model. Our initial investigations involved precise testing of this probe in both in vitro and ex vivo environments. We accurately assessed the sensitivity and specificity of our glutamate-sensing probe and demonstrated its performance. We also evaluated the performance of our developed flexible probe during the insertion and compared it with the stiff probe during animal movement. Subsequently, we used this innovative technique to monitor the spinal glutamate signaling during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion that can cause fatal ventricular arrhythmias. We showed that glutamate concentration increases during the myocardial ischemia, persists during the reperfusion, and is associated with sympathoexcitation and increases in myocardial substrate excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Salavatian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elaine Marie Robbins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yuki Kuwabara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisa Castagnola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Aman Mahajan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Boccaccini A, Cavaterra D, Carnevale C, Tanga L, Marini S, Bocedi A, Lacal PM, Manni G, Graziani G, Sbardella D, Tundo GR. Novel frontiers in neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: Molecular and clinical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101225. [PMID: 38000334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, neuroprotective therapies have attracted the researcher interests as modern and challenging approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, aimed at protecting the nervous system from injuries. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal injury and corresponding vision loss that affects millions of people on a global scale. The molecular basis of the pathology is largely uncharacterized yet, and the therapeutic approaches available do not change the natural course of the disease. Therefore, in accordance with the therapeutic regimens proposed for other neurodegenerative diseases, a modern strategy to treat glaucoma includes prescription of drugs with neuroprotective activities. With respect to this, several preclinical and clinical investigations on a plethora of different drugs are currently ongoing. In this review, first, the conceptualization of the rationale for the adoption of neuroprotective strategies for retina is summarized. Second, the molecular aspects highlighting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease are reported. In conclusion, the molecular and pharmacological properties of most promising direct neuroprotective drugs used to delay glaucoma progression are examined, including: neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptor antagonists, the α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine, calcium channel blockers, antioxidant agents, nicotinamide and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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45
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Sperber PS, Gebert P, Broersen LH, Kufner A, Huo S, Piper SK, Teegen B, Heuschmann PU, Prüss H, Endres M, Liman TG, Siegerink B. Depressive symptoms and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor GluN1 antibody seropositivity in the PROSpective cohort with incident stroke. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100705. [PMID: 38033615 PMCID: PMC10684375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-NMDA-receptor GluN1 antibodies (NMDAR1-abs) are present in an autoimmune encephalitis with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. We aimed to estimate the impact of serum NMDAR1-abs on depressive symptoms years after first-ever ischemic stroke (IS). Methods Data were used from the PROSpective Cohort with Incident Stroke-Berlin (PROSCIS-B; NCT01363856). Serum NMDAR1-abs (IgM/IgA/IgG) were measured within 7 days after IS using cell-based assays. We defined seropositivity as titers ≥1:10, thereof low titers as ≤1:100 and high titers as >1:100. We used the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale to measure depressive symptoms at year one, two and three following IS. We calculated crude and confounder adjusted weighted generalized linear models to quantify the impact of NMDAR1-abs on CES-D assessed at three annual time-points. Results NMDAR1-abs were measured in 583 PROSCIS-B IS patients (mean age = 67 [SD = 13]; 42%female; median NIHSS = 2 [IQR = 1-4]) of whom 76 (13%; IgM: n = 49/IgA: n = 43/IgG: n = 2) were seropositive, 55 (9%) with low and 21 (4%) with high titers. CES-D regarded over all follow-up time-points was higher in seropositive patients (βcrude = 2.56 [95%CI = -0.34 to 5.45]; βadjusted = 2.26 [95%CI = -0.68 to 5.20]) and effects were highest in patients with high titer (low titers: βcrude = 1.42 [95%CI = -1.79 to 4.62], βadjusted = 0.53 [95%CI = -2.47 to 3.54]; high titers: βcrude = 5.85 [95%CI = 0.20 to 11.50]; βadjusted = 7.20 [95%CI = 0.98 to 13.43]). Conclusion Patients with serum NMDAR1-abs (predominantly IgM&IgA) suffer more severe depressive symptoms after mild-to-moderate IS compared to NMDAR1-abs seronegative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia S. Sperber
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pimrapat Gebert
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie H.A. Broersen
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Kufner
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shufan Huo
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie K. Piper
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Informatics, Germany
| | - Bianca Teegen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter U. Heuschmann
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Würzburg, Germany
- University Hospital Würzburg, Clinical Trial Center Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease DZNE, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease DZNE, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Liman
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky-University, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Department of Neurology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bob Siegerink
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Winkler I, Engler JB, Vieira V, Bauer S, Liu YH, Di Liberto G, Grochowska KM, Wagner I, Bier J, Bal LC, Rothammer N, Meurs N, Egervari K, Schattling B, Salinas G, Kreutz MR, Huang YS, Pless O, Merkler D, Friese MA. MicroRNA-92a-CPEB3 axis protects neurons against inflammatory neurodegeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi6855. [PMID: 38000031 PMCID: PMC10672163 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation causes neuronal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important modulators of neuronal stress responses, but knowledge about their contribution to neuronal protection or damage during inflammation is limited. Here, we constructed a regulatory miRNA-mRNA network of inflamed motor neurons by leveraging cell type-specific miRNA and mRNA sequencing of mice undergoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found robust induction of miR-92a in inflamed spinal cord neurons and identified cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (Cpeb3) as a key target of miR-92a-mediated posttranscriptional silencing. We detected CPEB3 repression in inflamed neurons in murine EAE and human MS. Moreover, both miR-92a delivery and Cpeb3 deletion protected neuronal cultures against excitotoxicity. Supporting a detrimental effect of Cpeb3 in vivo, neuron-specific deletion in conditional Cpeb3 knockout animals led to reduced inflammation-induced clinical disability in EAE. Together, we identified a neuroprotective miR-92a-Cpeb3 axis in neuroinflammation that might serve as potential treatment target to limit inflammation-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Winkler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vieira
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsiang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna M. Grochowska
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Bier
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Lukas C. Bal
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Nicola Rothammer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Nina Meurs
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Kristof Egervari
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Schattling
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- Institut of Human Genetics, NGS Integrative Genomics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Michael R. Kreutz
- Leibniz Group ‘Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function’, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg 39118, Germany
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Hamburg 22525, Germany
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
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47
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Ma H, Khaled HG, Wang X, Mandelberg NJ, Cohen SM, He X, Tsien RW. Excitation-transcription coupling, neuronal gene expression and synaptic plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:672-692. [PMID: 37773070 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Excitation-transcription coupling (E-TC) links synaptic and cellular activity to nuclear gene transcription. It is generally accepted that E-TC makes a crucial contribution to learning and memory through its role in underpinning long-lasting synaptic enhancement in late-phase long-term potentiation and has more recently been linked to late-phase long-term depression: both processes require de novo gene transcription, mRNA translation and protein synthesis. E-TC begins with the activation of glutamate-gated N-methyl-D-aspartate-type receptors and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels at the membrane and culminates in the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus. These receptors and ion channels mediate E-TC through mechanisms that include long-range signalling from the synapse to the nucleus and local interactions within dendritic spines, among other possibilities. Growing experimental evidence links these E-TC mechanisms to late-phase long-term potentiation and learning and memory. These advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of E-TC mean that future efforts can focus on understanding its mesoscale functions and how it regulates neuronal network activity and behaviour in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Houda G Khaled
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nataniel J Mandelberg
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xingzhi He
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units for Emotion and Emotional Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Song Y, Cao H, Zuo C, Gu Z, Huang Y, Miao J, Fu Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Wang F. Mitochondrial dysfunction: A fatal blow in depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115652. [PMID: 37801903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria maintain the normal physiological function of nerve cells by producing sufficient cellular energy and performing crucial roles in maintaining the metabolic balance through intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and axonal development. Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Damage to the hippocampal neurons is a key component of the plasticity regulation of synapses and plays a critical role in the mechanism of depression. There is evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with synaptic impairment. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis includes quantitative maintenance and quality control of mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis produces new and healthy mitochondria, and mitochondrial dynamics cooperates with mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria. These processes maintain mitochondrial population stability and exert neuroprotective effects against early depression. In contrast, mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various brain regions of patients with major depressive disorders. The accumulation of defective mitochondria accelerates cellular nerve dysfunction. In addition, impaired mitochondria aggravate alterations in the brain microenvironment, promoting neuroinflammation and energy depletion, thereby exacerbating the development of depression. This review summarizes the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction and the underlying molecular pathways on the pathogenesis of depression. Additionally, we discuss the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis as a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengchao Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Cancer Center of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
| | - Furong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei, China.
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49
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Ladagu AD, Olopade FE, Adejare A, Olopade JO. GluN2A and GluN2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDARs) Subunits: Their Roles and Therapeutic Antagonists in Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1535. [PMID: 38004401 PMCID: PMC10674917 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, playing a crucial role in the permeability of calcium ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Composed of various subunits, NMDARs are predominantly formed by two obligatory GluN1 subunits (with eight splice variants) along with regulatory subunits GluN2 (GluN2A-2D) and GluN3 (GluN3A-B). They are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning, memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The presence of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits is particularly important for cognitive processes and has been strongly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the roles of GluN2A and GluN2B NMDARs in neuropathologies provides valuable insights into the underlying causes and complexities of major nervous system disorders. This knowledge is vital for the development of selective antagonists targeting GluN2A and GluN2B subunits using pharmacological and molecular methods. Such antagonists represent a promising class of NMDA receptor inhibitors that have the potential to be developed into neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Digal Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
| | - Funmilayo Eniola Olopade
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
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50
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Lee Q, Chan WC, Qu X, Sun Y, Abdelkarim H, Le J, Saqib U, Sun MY, Kruse K, Banerjee A, Hitchinson B, Geyer M, Huang F, Guaiquil V, Mutso AA, Sanders M, Rosenblatt MI, Maienschein-Cline M, Lawrence MS, Gaponenko V, Malik AB, Komarova YA. End binding-3 inhibitor activates regenerative program in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101223. [PMID: 37794584 PMCID: PMC10591057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by leaky neovessels emanating from the choroid, is a main cause of blindness. As current treatments for wet AMD require regular intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biologics, there is a need for the development of less invasive treatments. Here, we designed an allosteric inhibitor of end binding-3 (EB3) protein, termed EBIN, which reduces the effects of environmental stresses on endothelial cells by limiting pathological calcium signaling. Delivery of EBIN via eye drops in mouse and non-human primate (NHP) models of wet AMD prevents both neovascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization. EBIN reverses the epigenetic changes induced by environmental stresses, allowing an activation of a regenerative program within metabolic-active endothelial cells comprising choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of EBIN in preventing the degenerative processes underlying wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amelia A Mutso
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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