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Zhang H, Niu Y, Yuan P, Liu W, Zhu W, Sun J. Neuroligin1 in excitatory synapses contributes to long-term cognitive impairments after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114755. [PMID: 38493982 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats may lead to neuronal apoptosis affecting long-term cognitive function, the mechanism is unknown. Neuroligin1 (NL1) is essential for normal excitatory transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of intact animals. Herein, we explore the role of NL1 in hippocampal excitatory synapses on long-term cognitive impairments induced by repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats. METHODS From postnatal day six (P6) to P8, neonatal rats were exposed to 30% oxygen or 3% sevoflurane +30% oxygen for 2 h daily. Rats from each litter were randomly assigned to five groups: control group (Con), native control adeno-associated virus (NC-AAV) group (Con + NC-AAV), sevoflurane group (Sev), sevoflurane + recombinant RNAi adeno-associated virus targeting NL1 downregulation (NL1--AAV) group (Sev + NL1--AAV) and control + recombinant RNAi adeno-associated virus targeting NL1 upregulation (NL1+-AAV) group (Con + NL1+-AAV). Animals were injected with NC-AAV or NL1-AAV into the bilateral hippocampal CA1 area and caged on P21. From P35 to P40, behavioral tests including open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR), and fear conditioning (FC) tests were performed to assess cognitive function in adolescent rats. In another experiment, rat brains were harvested for immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found that the mRNA and protein levels of NL1 were substantially higher in the Sev group than in the Con group. Immunofluorescence showed that NL1 and PSD95 were highly colocalized in hippocampal CA1 area and vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT) around neurons decreased after repeated sevoflurane exposures. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the amount of PSD95 with NL1 antibody was significantly increased in the Sev group compared to the Con group. These rats had a poorer performance in the NOR and FC tests than control rats when they were adolescents. These results were reversed by NL1--AAV injection into the CA1 area. NL1+-AAV group was similar to the Sev group. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures decreased inhibitory synaptic inputs (labelled by vGAT) around neurons, which may influence the upregulation of NL1 in hippocampal excitatory synapses and enhanced NL1/PSD95 interaction, ultimately leading to long-term cognitive impairments in adolescent rats. Injecting NL1--AAV reversed this damage. These results suggested that NL1 in excitatory synapses contributes to long-term cognitive impairments after repeated neonatal sevoflurane exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yingqiao Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Dugan C, Zikopoulos B, Yazdanbakhsh A. A neural modeling approach to study mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of visual spatial frequency sensitivity in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 39013944 PMCID: PMC11252134 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in spatial frequency sensitivity, and it is believed that these abnormalities indicate more widespread dysfunction and dysregulation of bottom-up processing. The early visual system, including the first-order Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1), are key contributors to spatial frequency sensitivity. Medicated and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia exhibit contrasting changes in spatial frequency sensitivity, thus making it a useful probe for examining potential effects of the disorder and antipsychotic medications in neural processing. We constructed a parameterized, rate-based neural model of on-center/off-surround neurons in the early visual system to investigate the impacts of changes to the excitatory and inhibitory receptive field subfields. By incorporating changes in both the excitatory and inhibitory subfields that are associated with pathophysiological findings in schizophrenia, the model successfully replicated perceptual data from behavioral/functional studies involving medicated and unmedicated patients. Among several plausible mechanisms, our results highlight the dampening of excitation and/or increase in the spread and strength of the inhibitory subfield in medicated patients and the contrasting decreased spread and strength of inhibition in unmedicated patients. Given that the model was successful at replicating results from perceptual data under a variety of conditions, these elements of the receptive field may be useful markers for the imbalances seen in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dugan
- Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhang Q, Meng X, Luo H, Yu K, Li A, Zhou L, Chen R, Kan H. Air pollutants, genetic susceptibility, and incident schizophrenia in later life: A prospective study in the UK Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173009. [PMID: 38734111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollution has been linked to multiple psychiatric disorders, but little is known on its long-term association with schizophrenia. The interaction between air pollution and genetic susceptibility on incident schizophrenia has never been reported. We aimed to explore the associations between long-term air pollution exposure and late-onset schizophrenia and evaluate whether genetic susceptibility could modify the association. METHODS This population-based prospective cohort study included 437,802 middle-aged and elderly individuals free of schizophrenia at baseline in the UK Biobank. Land use regression models were applied in the estimation of the annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) at residence. The associations between air pollutants and schizophrenia were evaluated by using Cox proportional hazard models. A polygenic risk score of schizophrenia was constructed for exploring potential interaction of air pollutants with genetic susceptibility. RESULTS An interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx was associated with the hazard ratios (HR) for incident schizophrenia at 1.19, 1.16, 1.22, and 1.09, respectively. The exposure-response curves for the association of air pollution with incident schizophrenia were approximately linear. There are additive interactions of air pollution score (APS), PM10, NO2, and NOx with genetic risk. Specifically, compared with participants with low genetic susceptibility and low APS, the HR was 3.23 for individuals with high genetic risk and high APS, among which 0.49 excess risk could be attributed to the additive interaction, accounting for 15 % of the schizophrenia risk. CONCLUSION This large-scale, prospective cohort study conveys the first-hand evidence that long-term air pollution exposure could elevate schizophrenia incidence in later life, especially for individuals with higher genetic risks. The findings highlight the importance of improving air quality for preventing the late-onset schizophrenia in an aging era, especially among those with high genetic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Yu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China..
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, China.
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Garofalo M, De Simone G, Motta Z, Nuzzo T, De Grandis E, Bruno C, Boeri S, Riccio MP, Pastore L, Bravaccio C, Iasevoli F, Salvatore F, Pollegioni L, Errico F, de Bartolomeis A, Usiello A. Decreased free D-aspartate levels in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1408175. [PMID: 39050919 PMCID: PMC11266155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1408175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by different psychopathological manifestations and divergent clinical trajectories. Various alterations at glutamatergic synapses have been reported in both disorders, including abnormal NMDA and metabotropic receptor signaling. Methods We conducted a bicentric study to assess the blood serum levels of NMDA receptors-related glutamatergic amino acids and their precursors, including L-glutamate, L-glutamine, D-aspartate, L-aspartate, L-asparagine, D-serine, L-serine and glycine, in ASD, SCZ patients and their respective control subjects. Specifically, the SCZ patients were subdivided into treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant SCZ patients, based on their responsivity to conventional antipsychotics. Results D-serine and D-aspartate serum reductions were found in SCZ patients compared to controls. Conversely, no significant differences between cases and controls were found in amino acid concentrations in the two ASD cohorts analyzed. Discussion This result further encourages future research to evaluate the predictive role of selected D-amino acids as peripheral markers for SCZ pathophysiology and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garofalo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Zoraide Motta
- ”The Protein Factory 2.0”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Boeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Riccio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Unità Operativa semplice di Dipartimento (UOSD) of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Bravaccio
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Child Neuropsychiatry, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e loro Modelli Animali (Federico II, Naples; Tor Vergata, Rome and “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara), Naples, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- ”The Protein Factory 2.0”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Errico
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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Hatzimanolis A, Foteli S, Xenaki LA, Selakovic M, Dimitrakopoulos S, Vlachos I, Kosteletos I, Soldatos RF, Gazouli M, Chatzipanagiotou S, Stefanis N. Elevated serum kynurenic acid in individuals with first-episode psychosis and insufficient response to antipsychotics. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 38987245 PMCID: PMC11237022 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The tryptophan-metabolizing kynurenine pathway (KP) can be activated by enhanced inflammatory responses and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, there is little evidence for KP dysregulation in the early course of psychotic illness. We aimed to investigate the potential immune-mediated hyperactivity of KP in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the relationship with symptom severity and treatment response outcomes. Serum immunoassays were performed to measure peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-a), KP rate-limiting enzymes (IDO/TDO), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) metabolite in 104 antipsychotic-naïve patients with FEP and 80 healthy controls (HC). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) were administered to assess psychopathology and functioning status at admission and following 4-week treatment with antipsychotics. Cytokine and KP components levels were substantially increased in FEP patients compared to HC, before and after antipsychotic treatment. A significant positive correlation between pro-inflammatory IL-1β and KYNA levels was observed among FEP patients, but not in HC. Importantly, within-patient analysis revealed that those with higher baseline KYNA experienced more severe negative symptoms and poorer clinical improvement at follow-up. These findings suggest that KP is upregulated in early psychosis, likely through the induction of IL-1β-dependent pathways, and raised peripheral KYNA might represent a promising indicator of non-response to antipsychotic medication in patients with FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodore-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefania Foteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Medical Biopathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vlachos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kosteletos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Rigas-Filippos Soldatos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos Chatzipanagiotou
- Department of Medical Biopathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodore-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
- World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, First Episode Psychosis Task Force, Barsbüttel, Germany
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Mana L, Schwartz-Pallejà M, Vila-Vidal M, Deco G. Overview on cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders: From impaired microcircuits to dysconnectivity. Schizophr Res 2024; 269:132-143. [PMID: 38788432 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia's cognitive deficits, often overshadowed by positive symptoms, significantly contribute to the disorder's morbidity. Increasing attention highlights these deficits as reflections of neural circuit dysfunction across various cortical regions. Numerous connectivity alterations linked to cognitive symptoms in psychotic disorders have been reported, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level, emphasizing the potential role of plasticity and microcircuits impairment during development and later stages. However, the heterogeneous clinical presentation of cognitive impairment and diverse connectivity findings pose challenges in summarizing them into a cohesive picture. This review aims to synthesize major cognitive alterations, recent insights into network structural and functional connectivity changes and proposed mechanisms and microcircuit alterations underpinning these symptoms, particularly focusing on neurodevelopmental impairment, E/I balance, and sleep disturbances. Finally, we will also comment on some of the most recent and promising therapeutic approaches that aim to target these mechanisms to address cognitive symptoms. Through this comprehensive exploration, we strive to provide an updated and nuanced overview of the multiscale connectivity impairment underlying cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mana
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain.
| | - M Schwartz-Pallejà
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Eurecat, Technology Center of Catalonia, Multimedia Technologies, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Vila-Vidal
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Computational Biology and Complex Systems Group, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain.
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7
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Wang F, Fan Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhu M, Chen X, Xue Y, Shen C. Identification of differentially expressed genes of blood leukocytes for Schizophrenia. Front Genet 2024; 15:1398240. [PMID: 38988837 PMCID: PMC11233772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1398240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with brain dysfunction. This study aimed to use bioinformatic analysis to identify candidate blood biomarkers for SCZ. Methods The study collected peripheral blood leukocyte samples of 9 SCZ patients and 20 healthy controls for RNA sequencing analysis. Bioinformatic analyses included differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Results This study identified 1,205 statistically significant DEGs, of which 623 genes were upregulated and 582 genes were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in cell chemotaxis, cell surface, and serine peptidase activity, as well as involved in Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. WGCNA identified 16 gene co-expression modules, and five modules were significantly correlated with SCZ (p < 0.05). There were 106 upregulated genes and 90 downregulated genes in the five modules. The top ten genes sorted by the Degree algorithm were RPS28, BRD4, FUS, PABPC1, PCBP1, PCBP2, RPL27A, RPS21, RAG1, and RPL27. RAG1 and the other nine genes belonged to the turquoise and pink module respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these 10 genes were mainly involved in processes such as Ribosome, cytoplasmic translation, RNA binding, and protein binding. Conclusion This study finds that the gene functions in key modules and related enrichment pathways may help to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of SCZ, and the potential of key genes to become blood biomarkers for SCZ warrants further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Fan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Institute, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Mengya Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Huai'an Third Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Chang K, Jian X, Wu C, Gao C, Li Y, Chen J, Xue B, Ding Y, Peng L, Wang B, He L, Xu Y, Li C, Li X, Wang Z, Zhao X, Pan D, Yang Q, Zhou J, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Xia D, Feng G, Zhang Q, Wen Y, Shi Y, Li Z. The Contribution of Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations to Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01419-7. [PMID: 38942348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) are implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the contribution to schizophrenia (SCZ) risk for somatic copy number variations (sCNVs) emerging in early developmental stages is not fully established. METHODS We analyzed blood-derived genotype arrays from 9,715 SCZ patients and 28,822 controls of Chinese descent using a computational tool (MoChA) based on long-range chromosomal information to detect mCAs. We focused on probable early developmental sCNVs through stringent filtering. We assessed the sCNVs' burden across varying cell fraction (CF) cutoffs, as well as the frequency with which genes were involved in sCNVs. We integrated this data with the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) dataset, which comprises 12,834 SCZ cases and 11,648 controls of European descent, and complemented it with genotyping data from postmortem brain tissue of 936 subjects (449 cases and 487 controls). RESULTS Patients with SCZ had a significantly higher somatic losses detection rate than control subjects (1.00% vs 0.52%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.47-2.49; two-sided Fisher's exact test, p=1.49×10-6). Further analysis indicated that the ORs escalated proportionately (from 1.91 to 2.78) with the increment in CF cutoffs. Recurrent sCNVs associated with SCZ (OR>8; Fisher's exact test, p<0.05) were identified, including notable regions at 10q21.1 (ZWINT), 3q26.1 (SLITRK3), 1q31.1 (BRINP3) and 12q21.31-21.32 (MGAT4C and NTS) in the Chinese cohort, some regions validated with PGC data. Cross-tissue validation pinpointed somatic losses at loci like 1p35.3-35.2 and 19p13.3-13.2. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights mCAs' significant impact on SCZ, suggesting their pivotal role in the disorder's genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Chang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xuemin Jian
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yafang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Baiqiang Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yonghe Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Baokun Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease & the Metabolic Disease Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dun Pan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qiangzhen Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zijia Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Disong Xia
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guoyin Feng
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanqin Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease & the Metabolic Disease Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200030, China;; Department of Psychiatry, the First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China;; Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200042, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China;; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease & the Metabolic Disease Institute of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China;; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200030, China;.
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9
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Torres-Carmona E, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Ueno F, Stefan C, Song J, Abdolizadeh A, Koizumi MT, Kambari Y, Amaev A, Agarwal SM, Mar W, de Luca V, Remington G, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A. Clozapine treatment and astrocyte activity in treatment resistant schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:152-161. [PMID: 38909486 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only antipsychotic approved for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), characterized by persistent positive symptoms despite adequate antipsychotic treatment. Unfortunately, clozapine demonstrates clinical efficacy in only ~30-60 % of patients with TRS (clozapine-responders; ClzR+), while the remaining ~40-70 % are left with no pharmacological recourse for improvement (clozapine-resistant; ClzR-). Mechanism(s) underlying clozapine's superior efficacy remain unclear. However, in vitro evidence suggests clozapine may mitigate glutamatergic dysregulations observed in TRS, by modulating astrocyte activity in ClzR+, but not ClzR-. A factor that if proven correct, may help the assessment of treatment response and development of more effective antipsychotics. To explore the presence of clozapine-astrocyte interaction and clinical improvement, we used 3 T proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify levels of myo-Inositol, surrogate biomarker of astrocyte activity, in regions related to schizophrenia neurobiology: Dorsal-anterior-cingulate-cortex (dACC), left-dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex (left-DLPFC), and left-striatum (left-striatum) of 157 participants (ClzR- = 30; ClzR+ = 37; responders = 38; controls = 52). Clozapine treatment was assessed using clozapine to norclozapine plasma levels, 11-12 h after last clozapine dose. Measures for symptom severity (i.e., Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale) and cognition (i.e., Mini-Mental State Examination) were also recorded. Higher levels of myo-Inositol were observed in TRS groups versus responders and controls (dACC (p < 0.001); left-striatum (p = 0.036); left-DLPFC (p = 0.023)). In ClzR+, but not ClzR-, clozapine to norclozapine ratios were positively associated with myo-Inositol levels (dACC (p = 0.004); left-DLPFC (p < 0.001)), and lower positive symptom severity (p < 0.001). Our results support growing in vitro evidence of clozapine-astrocyte interaction in clozapine-responders. Further research may determine the viability of clozapine-astrocyte interactions as an early marker of clozapine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cristiana Stefan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jianmeng Song
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Abdolizadeh
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yasaman Kambari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aron Amaev
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wanna Mar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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10
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Nicosia N, Giovenzana M, Misztak P, Mingardi J, Musazzi L. Glutamate-Mediated Excitotoxicity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurodevelopmental and Adult Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6521. [PMID: 38928227 PMCID: PMC11203689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and consolidation as well as in fear and emotional processing, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are predominantly glutamatergic. To ensure the physiological activity of the brain, glutamatergic transmission is finely tuned at synaptic sites. Disruption of the mechanisms responsible for glutamate homeostasis may result in the accumulation of excessive glutamate levels, which in turn leads to increased calcium levels, mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative stress, and eventually cell atrophy and death. This condition is known as glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and is considered as a pathogenic mechanism in several diseases of the central nervous system, including neurodevelopmental, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, these disorders share neuroplasticity impairments in glutamatergic brain areas, which are accompanied by structural remodeling of glutamatergic neurons. In the current narrative review, we will summarize the role of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in both the pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions of neurodevelopmental and adult mental diseases with a focus on autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, glutamatergic drugs are under preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of different mental diseases that share glutamatergic neuroplasticity dysfunctions. Although clinical evidence is still limited and more studies are required, the regulation of glutamate homeostasis is attracting attention as a potential crucial target for the control of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Nicosia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovenzana
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paulina Misztak
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Jessica Mingardi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (N.N.); (M.G.); (P.M.)
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
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11
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Rawani NS, Chan AW, Dursun SM, Baker GB. The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:709. [PMID: 38929148 PMCID: PMC11200831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in a distorted sense of reality, is observed in several psychiatric disorders in addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant to the underlying neurobiology of psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been a major influence in the study of the neurochemistry of psychosis and in development of antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on that other factors must be involved in the dysfunction involved in psychosis. In the current review, it is reported how several of these factors, namely dysregulation of neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to psychosis and interact with one another. Research on psychosis has increased knowledge of the complexity of psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations of drugs (with pre- and probiotics in some cases) affecting several of the factors mentioned above, have been suggested. Similarly, several putative biomarkers, particularly those related to the immune system, have been proposed. Future research on both pharmacotherapy and biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted on an all stages of psychotic disorders and must consider confounders such as sex differences and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glen B. Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (N.S.R.); (A.W.C.); (S.M.D.)
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12
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Liu Y, Lin H, Liu M, Lin L, Wen Y. Establishment of a Mitochondrial Metabolism-Related Diagnostic Model in Schizophrenia Based on LASSO Algorithm. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:618-628. [PMID: 38960439 PMCID: PMC11222072 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2024.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a common mental disorder, and mitochondrial function represents a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric diseases. The role of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in the diagnosis of schizophrenia remains unknown. This study aimed to identify candidate genes that may influence the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia based on MRGs. METHODS Three schizophrenia datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. MRGs were collected from relevant literature. The differentially expressed genes between normal samples and schizophrenia samples were screened using the limma package. Venn analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed MRGs (DEMRGs) in schizophrenia. Based on the STRING database, hub genes in DEMRGs were identified using the MCODE algorithm in Cytoscape. A diagnostic model containing hub genes was constructed using LASSO regression and logistic regression analysis. The relationship between hub genes and drug sensitivity was explored using the DSigDB database. An interaction network between miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-hub genes was created using the Network-Analyst website. RESULTS A total of 1,234 MRGs, 172 DEMRGs, and 6 hub genes with good diagnostic performance were identified. Ten potential candidate drugs (rifampicin, fulvestrant, pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, etc.) were selected. Thirty-four miRNAs targeting genes in the diagnostic model (ANGPTL4, CPT2, GLUD1, MED1, and MED20), as well as 137 TFs, were identified. CONCLUSION Six potential candidate genes showed promising diagnostic significance. rifampicin, fulvestrant, and pentadecafluorooctanoic acid were potential drugs for future research in the treatment of schizophrenia. These findings provided valuable evidence for the understanding of schizophrenia pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Meicen Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Yaohui Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, China
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13
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Singer P, Yee BK. Inhibition of astrocytic glycine transporter-1: friend or foe for ameliorating NMDA receptor hypofunction? Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1389718. [PMID: 38854433 PMCID: PMC11158624 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1389718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Singer
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin K. Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Faris P, Pischedda D, Palesi F, D’Angelo E. New clues for the role of cerebellum in schizophrenia and the associated cognitive impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1386583. [PMID: 38799988 PMCID: PMC11116653 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1386583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder associated with severe cognitive dysfunction. Although research has mainly focused on forebrain abnormalities, emerging results support the involvement of the cerebellum in SZ physiopathology, particularly in Cognitive Impairment Associated with SZ (CIAS). Besides its role in motor learning and control, the cerebellum is implicated in cognition and emotion. Recent research suggests that structural and functional changes in the cerebellum are linked to deficits in various cognitive domains including attention, working memory, and decision-making. Moreover, cerebellar dysfunction is related to altered cerebellar circuit activities and connectivity with brain regions associated with cognitive processing. This review delves into the role of the cerebellum in CIAS. We initially consider the major forebrain alterations in CIAS, addressing impairments in neurotransmitter systems, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. We then focus on recent findings showing that several mechanisms are also altered in the cerebellum and that cerebellar communication with the forebrain is impaired. This evidence implicates the cerebellum as a key component of circuits underpinning CIAS physiopathology. Further studies addressing cerebellar involvement in SZ and CIAS are warranted and might open new perspectives toward understanding the physiopathology and effective treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Faris
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Doris Pischedda
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fulvia Palesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Digital Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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15
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Killebrew KW, Moser HR, Grant AN, Marjańska M, Sponheim SR, Schallmo MP. Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38714650 PMCID: PMC11076514 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bi-stable stimuli evoke two distinct perceptual interpretations that alternate and compete for dominance. Bi-stable perception is thought to be driven at least in part by mutual suppression between distinct neural populations that represent each percept. Abnormal visual perception has been observed among people with psychotic psychopathology (PwPP), and there is evidence to suggest that these visual deficits may depend on impaired neural suppression in the visual cortex. However, it is not yet clear whether bi-stable visual perception is abnormal among PwPP. Here, we examined bi-stable perception in a visual structure-from-motion task using a rotating cylinder illusion in a group of 65 PwPP, 44 first-degree biological relatives, and 43 healthy controls. Data from a 'real switch' task, in which physical depth cues signaled real switches in rotation direction were used to exclude individuals who did not show adequate task performance. In addition, we measured concentrations of neurochemicals, including glutamate, glutamine, and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. These neurochemicals were measured non-invasively in the visual cortex using 7 tesla MR spectroscopy. We found that PwPP and their relatives showed faster bi-stable switch rates than healthy controls. Faster switch rates also correlated with significantly higher psychiatric symptom levels, specifically disorganization, across all participants. However, we did not observe any significant relationships across individuals between neurochemical concentrations and SFM switch rates. Our results are consistent with a reduction in suppressive neural processes during structure-from-motion perception in PwPP, and suggest that genetic liability for psychosis is associated with disrupted bi-stable perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Killebrew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Hannah R Moser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrea N Grant
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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16
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Gogos A, Sbisa A, van den Buuse M. Disruption of NMDA receptor-mediated regulation of PPI in the maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia is restored by 17β-estradiol and raloxifene. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:432-440. [PMID: 38642484 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of development of schizophrenia in the offspring. Sex steroid hormone analogues have been proposed as potential antipsychotic treatments but the mechanisms of action involved remain unclear. Estrogen has been shown to alter N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding in the brain. We therefore studied the effect of chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol, its isomer, 17α-estradiol, and the selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, on MIA-induced psychosis-like behaviour and the effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. Pregnant rats were treated with saline or the viral mimetic, poly(I:C), on gestational day 15. Adult female offspring were tested for changes in baseline prepulse inhibition (PPI) and the effects of acute treatment with MK-801 on PPI and locomotor activity. Poly(I:C) offspring had significantly lower baseline PPI compared to control offspring, and this effect was prevented by 17β-estradiol and raloxifene, but not 17α-estradiol. MK-801 reduced PPI in control offspring but had no effect in poly(I:C) offspring treated with vehicle. Chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol and raloxifene restored the effect of MK-801 on PPI. There were no effects of MIA or estrogenic treatment on MK-801 induced locomotor hyperactivity. These results show that MIA affects baseline PPI as well as NMDA receptor-mediated regulation of PPI in female rats, and strengthen the view that estrogenic treatment may have antipsychotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssa Sbisa
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Kim M, Choi W, Choi S, Oh H, Kim J, Lee J, An SJ, Hwang JS, Lee YS, Song IC, Moon SY, Lho SK, Cho SS, Kwon JS. In Vivo Reactive Astrocyte Imaging in Patients With Schizophrenia Using Fluorine 18-Labeled THK5351. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2410684. [PMID: 38722627 PMCID: PMC11082693 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance In vivo imaging studies of reactive astrocytes are crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia because astrocytes play a critical role in glutamate imbalance and neuroinflammation. Objective To investigate in vivo reactive astrocytes in patients with schizophrenia associated with positive symptoms using monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)-binding fluorine 18 ([18F])-labeled THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET). Design, Setting, and Participants In this case-control study, data were collected from October 1, 2021, to January 31, 2023, from the internet advertisement for the healthy control group and from the outpatient clinics of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, for the schizophrenia group. Participants included patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched healthy control individuals. Main Outcomes and Measures Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVrs) of [18F]THK5351 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus as primary regions of interest (ROIs), with other limbic regions as secondary ROIs, and the correlation between altered SUVrs and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive symptom scores. Results A total of 68 participants (mean [SD] age, 32.0 [7.0] years; 41 men [60.3%]) included 33 patients with schizophrenia (mean [SD] age, 32.3 [6.3] years; 22 men [66.7%]) and 35 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 31.8 [7.6] years; 19 men [54.3%]) who underwent [18F]THK5351 PET scanning. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher SUVrs in the bilateral ACC (left, F = 5.767 [false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P = .04]; right, F = 5.977 [FDR-corrected P = .04]) and left hippocampus (F = 4.834 [FDR-corrected P = .04]) than healthy controls. Trend-level group differences between the groups in the SUVrs were found in the secondary ROIs (eg, right parahippocampal gyrus, F = 3.387 [P = .07]). There were positive correlations between the SUVrs in the bilateral ACC and the PANSS positive symptom scores (left, r = 0.423 [FDR-corrected P = .03]; right, r = 0.406 [FDR-corrected P = .03]) in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions and Relevance This case-control study provides novel in vivo imaging evidence of reactive astrocyte involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Reactive astrocytes in the ACC may be a future target for the treatment of symptoms of schizophrenia, especially positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongrak Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin An
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seo Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chan Song
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Moon
- Department of Public Health Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Kyungjin Lho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University–Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cieślik P, Rafało-Ulińska A, Wierońska JM. Prevention of MK-801-induced amnestic effect with combined activation of 5-HT 1A and muscarinic receptors in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 238:173749. [PMID: 38462045 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic or 5-HT1A receptors are crucial in learning and memory processes, and their expression is evident in the brain areas involved in cognition. The administration of the activators of these receptors prevents the development of cognitive dysfunctions in animal models of schizophrenia induced by MK-801 (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist) administration. GABAergic dysfunction is considered as one of the most important causes of MK-801-induced spatial learning deficits. METHODS Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to study the anti-amnestic effect of the biased 5-HT1A receptor agonist (F15599) alone or in combinations with VU0357017 (M1 receptor allosteric agonist), VU0152100 (M4 receptor positive allosteric modulator), and VU0238429 (M5 receptor positive allosteric modulator) on MK-801-induced dysfunctions. The compounds were administered for 5 consecutive days. Animals tested with the MWM underwent 5-day training. Western blotting was used to study the expressions of 5-HT1A receptors and the level of GAD65 in the frontal cortices (FCs) and hippocampi of the animals. RESULTS F15599 prevented the amnestic effect induced by MK-801 in the MWM at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The co-administration of the compound with muscarinic receptors activators had no synergistic effect. The additive effect of the combinations was evident in the prevention of declarative memory dysfunctions investigated in NOR. The administration of MK-801 impaired 5-HT1A expression in the hippocampi and decreased GAD65 levels in both the FCs and hippocampi. The administration of muscarinic ligands prevented these MK-801-induced deficits only in the hippocampi of MWM-trained animals. No effects of the compounds were observed in untrained mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that F15599 prevents schizophrenia-related spatial learning deficits in the MWM; however, the activity of the compound is not intensified with muscarinic receptors activators. In contrast, the combined administration of the ligands is effective in the NOR model of declarative memory. The muscarinic receptors activators reversed MK-801-induced 5-HT1A and GAD65 dysfunctions in the hippocampi of MWM-trained mice, but not in untrained mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Olkhova EA, Smith LA, Dennis BH, Ng YS, LeBeau FEN, Gorman GS. Delineating mechanisms underlying parvalbumin neuron impairment in different neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: the emerging role of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:553-565. [PMID: 38563502 PMCID: PMC11088917 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Given the current paucity of effective treatments in many neurological disorders, delineating pathophysiological mechanisms among the major psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases may fuel the development of novel, potent treatments that target shared pathways. Recent evidence suggests that various pathological processes, including bioenergetic failure in mitochondria, can perturb the function of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-positive neurons (PV+). These inhibitory neurons critically influence local circuit regulation, the generation of neuronal network oscillations and complex brain functioning. Here, we survey PV+ cell vulnerability in the major neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases and review associated cellular and molecular pathophysiological alterations purported to underlie disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Olkhova
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Laura A. Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Bethany H. Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Fiona E. N. LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Gráinne S. Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
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20
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Zhu H, Chen X, Zhang L, Liu X, Chen J, Zhang HT, Dong M. Discovery of novel positive allosteric modulators targeting GluN1/2A NMDARs as anti-stroke therapeutic agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1307-1319. [PMID: 38665828 PMCID: PMC11042165 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity due to excessive activation of NMDARs is one of the main mechanisms of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Previous studies have suggested that activation of either synaptic or extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDARs results in neuronal damage, whereas activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs promotes neuronal survival against ischemic insults. This study applied a systematic in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach to the discovery of novel and potential GluN1/2A NMDAR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Ten compounds were obtained and identified as potential GluN1/2A PAMs by structure-based virtual screening and calcium imaging. The neuroprotective activity of the candidate compounds was demonstrated in vitro. Subsequently, compound 15 (aegeline) was tested further in the model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in vivo, which significantly decreased cerebral infarction. The mechanism by which aegeline exerts its effect on allosteric modulation was revealed using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we found that the neuroprotective effect of aegeline was significantly correlated with the enhanced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our study discovered the neuroprotective effect of aegeline as a novel PAM targeting GluN1/2A NMDAR, which provides a potential opportunity for the development of therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women's and Children's Hospital Qingdao 266034 Shandong Province China
| | - Xuequan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
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21
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Powers A, Angelos P, Bond A, Farina E, Fredericks C, Gandhi J, Greenwald M, Hernandez-Busot G, Hosein G, Kelley M, Mourgues C, Palmer W, Rodriguez-Sanchez J, Seabury R, Toribio S, Vin R, Weleff J, Benrimoh D. A computational account of the development and evolution of psychotic symptoms. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2404.10954v1. [PMID: 38699166 PMCID: PMC11065053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms of psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions are often investigated in fully-formed illness, well after symptoms emerge. These investigations have yielded key insights, but are not well-positioned to reveal the dynamic forces underlying symptom formation itself. Understanding symptom development over time would allow us to identify steps in the pathophysiological process leading to psychosis, shifting the focus of psychiatric intervention from symptom alleviation to prevention. We propose a model for understanding the emergence of psychotic symptoms within the context of an adaptive, developing neural system. We will make the case for a pathophysiological process that begins with cortical hyperexcitability and bottom-up noise transmission, which engenders inappropriate belief formation via aberrant prediction error signaling. We will argue that this bottom-up noise drives learning about the (im)precision of new incoming sensory information because of diminished signal-to-noise ratio, causing an adaptive relative over-reliance on prior beliefs. This over-reliance on priors predisposes to hallucinations and covaries with hallucination severity. An over-reliance on priors may also lead to increased conviction in the beliefs generated by bottom-up noise and drive movement toward conversion to psychosis. We will identify predictions of our model at each stage, examine evidence to support or refute those predictions, and propose experiments that could falsify or help select between alternative elements of the overall model. Nesting computational abnormalities within longitudinal development allows us to account for hidden dynamics among the mechanisms driving symptom formation and to view established symptomatology as a point of equilibrium among competing biological forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Powers
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip Angelos
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexandria Bond
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Farina
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn Fredericks
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay Gandhi
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maximillian Greenwald
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Hosein
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Megan Kelley
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Catalina Mourgues
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William Palmer
- Yale University Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Rashina Seabury
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Silmilly Toribio
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raina Vin
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Weleff
- Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Benrimoh
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Casey C, Fullard JF, Sleator RD. Unravelling the genetic basis of Schizophrenia. Gene 2024; 902:148198. [PMID: 38266791 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal development is a highly regulated mechanism that is central to organismal function in animals. In humans, disruptions to this process can lead to a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including Schizophrenia (SCZ). SCZ has a significant genetic component, whereby an individual with an SCZ affected family member is eight times more likely to develop the disease than someone with no family history of SCZ. By examining a combination of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic datasets, large-scale 'omics' studies aim to delineate the relationship between genetic variation and abnormal cellular activity in the SCZ brain. Herein, we provide a brief overview of some of the key omics methods currently being used in SCZ research, including RNA-seq, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (3C) approaches (e.g., Hi-C), as well as single-cell/nuclei iterations of these methods. We also discuss how these techniques are being employed to further our understanding of the genetic basis of SCZ, and to identify associated molecular pathways, biomarkers, and candidate drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Casey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - John F Fullard
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Roy D Sleator
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
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23
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Heindorf M, Keller GB. Antipsychotic drugs selectively decorrelate long-range interactions in deep cortical layers. eLife 2024; 12:RP86805. [PMID: 38578678 PMCID: PMC10997332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is characterized by a diminished ability of the brain to distinguish externally driven activity patterns from self-generated activity patterns. Antipsychotic drugs are a class of small molecules with relatively broad binding affinity for a variety of neuromodulator receptors that, in humans, can prevent or ameliorate psychosis. How these drugs influence the function of cortical circuits, and in particular their ability to distinguish between externally and self-generated activity patterns, is still largely unclear. To have experimental control over self-generated sensory feedback, we used a virtual reality environment in which the coupling between movement and visual feedback can be altered. We then used widefield calcium imaging to determine the cell type-specific functional effects of antipsychotic drugs in mouse dorsal cortex under different conditions of visuomotor coupling. By comparing cell type-specific activation patterns between locomotion onsets that were experimentally coupled to self-generated visual feedback and locomotion onsets that were not coupled, we show that deep cortical layers were differentially activated in these two conditions. We then show that the antipsychotic drug clozapine disrupted visuomotor integration at locomotion onsets also primarily in deep cortical layers. Given that one of the key components of visuomotor integration in cortex is long-range cortico-cortical connections, we tested whether the effect of clozapine was detectable in the correlation structure of activity patterns across dorsal cortex. We found that clozapine as well as two other antipsychotic drugs, aripiprazole and haloperidol, resulted in a strong reduction in correlations of layer 5 activity between cortical areas and impaired the spread of visuomotor prediction errors generated in visual cortex. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that a major functional effect of antipsychotic drugs is a selective alteration of long-range layer 5-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heindorf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Georg B Keller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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24
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Grezenko H, Rodoshi ZN, Mimms CS, Ahmed M, Sabani A, Hlaing MS, Batu BJ, Hundesa MI, Ayalew BD, Shehryar A, Rehman A, Hassan A. From Alzheimer's Disease to Anxiety, Epilepsy to Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Dive Into Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders. Cureus 2024; 16:e58776. [PMID: 38784315 PMCID: PMC11112393 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review endeavors to dissect the intricate web of neuropsychiatric disorders that significantly impact cognition, emotion regulation, behavior, and mental health. With a keen focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD), anxiety disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), this article delves into their underlying mechanisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic interventions. Highlighting the considerable disability and societal costs that these conditions impose, it reflects on the over six million individuals grappling with Alzheimer's, the 19 million American adults living with anxiety disorders, the three million with epilepsy, and the global reach of schizophrenia affecting approximately 20 million people. Furthermore, it examines the emerging landscape of ASD, noting the escalating diagnosis rates and the pressing need for innovative treatments and equitable healthcare access. Through a detailed exploration of current research, technological innovations, and the promise of personalized medicine, this review aims to illuminate the complexities of these conditions, advocate for early intervention strategies, and call for a unified approach to tackling the multifaceted challenges they present. The ultimate goal is to inform and inspire healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to foster advancements that improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by these profound neuropsychiatric disorders, steering towards a future where these conditions are no longer insurmountable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Grezenko
- Medicine and Surgery, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, CHN
- Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - Ciara S Mimms
- Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahmed
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Astrit Sabani
- Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, USA
| | - May Su Hlaing
- Geriatrics, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston, GBR
| | - Biniyam J Batu
- General Practice, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | - Muhidin I Hundesa
- Medical Services, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, ETH
| | - Biruk D Ayalew
- Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, ETH
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Lu Y, Mu L, Elstrott J, Fu C, Sun C, Su T, Ma X, Yan J, Jiang H, Hanson JE, Geng Y, Chen Y. Differential depletion of GluN2A induces heterogeneous schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105045. [PMID: 38471394 PMCID: PMC10943646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia, a debilitating psychiatric disorder, displays considerable interindividual variation in clinical presentations. The ongoing debate revolves around whether this heterogeneity signifies a continuum of severity linked to a singular causative factor or a collection of distinct subtypes with unique origins. Within the realm of schizophrenia, the functional impairment of GluN2A, a subtype of the NMDA receptor, has been associated with an elevated risk. Despite GluN2A's expression across various neuronal types throughout the brain, its specific contributions to schizophrenia and its involvement in particular cell types or brain regions remain unexplored. METHODS We generated age-specific, cell type-specific or brain region-specific conditional knockout mice targeting GluN2A and conducted a comprehensive analysis using tests measuring phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia. FINDINGS Through the induction of germline ablation of GluN2A, we observed the emergence of numerous schizophrenia-associated abnormalities in adult mice. Intriguingly, GluN2A knockout performed at different ages, in specific cell types and within distinct brain regions, we observed overlapping yet distinct schizophrenia-related phenotypes in mice. INTERPRETATION Our interpretation suggests that the dysfunction of GluN2A is sufficient to evoke heterogeneous manifestations associated with schizophrenia, indicating that GluN2A stands as a prominent risk factor and a potential therapeutic target for schizophrenia. FUNDING This project received support from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX02) awarded to Y.C. and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No. 19ZR1468600 and 201409003800) awarded to G.Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longyu Mu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cailu Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tonghui Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.100 Haike Rd., Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Crown LM, Agyeman KA, Choi W, Zepeda N, Iseri E, Pahlavan P, Siegel SJ, Liu C, Christopoulos V, Lee DJ. Theta-frequency medial septal nucleus deep brain stimulation increases neurovascular activity in MK-801-treated mice. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1372315. [PMID: 38560047 PMCID: PMC10978728 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1372315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown remarkable success treating neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. DBS is now being explored to improve cognitive and functional outcomes in other psychiatric conditions, such as those characterized by reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function (i.e., schizophrenia). While DBS for movement disorders generally involves high-frequency (>100 Hz) stimulation, there is evidence that low-frequency stimulation may have beneficial and persisting effects when applied to cognitive brain networks. Methods In this study, we utilize a novel technology, functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI), to characterize the cerebrovascular impact of medial septal nucleus (MSN) DBS under conditions of NMDA antagonism (pharmacologically using Dizocilpine [MK-801]) in anesthetized male mice. Results Imaging from a sagittal plane across a variety of brain regions within and outside of the septohippocampal circuit, we find that MSN theta-frequency (7.7 Hz) DBS increases hippocampal cerebral blood volume (CBV) during and after stimulation. This effect was not present using standard high-frequency stimulation parameters [i.e., gamma (100 Hz)]. Discussion These results indicate the MSN DBS increases circuit-specific hippocampal neurovascular activity in a frequency-dependent manner and does so in a way that continues beyond the period of electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kofi A Agyeman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ege Iseri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pooyan Pahlavan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Vasileios Christopoulos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Imbriglio T, Alborghetti M, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Cannella M. Up-regulation of the Trace Amine Receptor, TAAR-1, in the Prefrontal Cortex of Individuals Affected by Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:374-381. [PMID: 37897399 PMCID: PMC10919763 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Type-1 trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR1) modulate dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and are targeted by novel antipsychotic drugs. We hypothesized that schizophrenia (SCZ) causes adaptive changes in TAAR1 expression in the prefrontal cortex. STUDY DESIGN We measured TAAR1 mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting in post-mortem prefrontal cortical samples obtained from 23 individuals affected by SCZ and 23 non-schizophrenic controls (CTRL). Data were correlated with a number of variables in both groups. STUDY RESULTS TAAR1 mRNA levels were largely increased in the SCZ prefrontal cortex, and did not correlate with age, age at onset and duration of SCZ, or duration of antipsychotic treatment. For the analysis of TAAR1 protein levels, CTRL and SCZ were divided into 2 subgroups, distinguished by the extent of neuropathological burden. CTRL with low neuropathological burden (LNB) had lower TAAR1 protein levels than CTRL with high neuropathological burden (HNB), whereas no changes were found between LNB and HNB in the SCZ group. TAAR1 protein levels were lower in CTRL with LNB with respect to all SCZ samples or to SCZ samples with LNB. In the SCZ group, levels showed an inverse correlation with the duration of antipsychotic treatment and were higher in individuals treated with second-generation antipsychotics as compared with those treated with first-generation antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS The up-regulation of TAAR1 observed in the SCZ prefrontal cortex supports the development of TAAR1 agonists as new promising drugs in the treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Imbriglio
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marika Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- Department of Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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28
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Pavăl D, Gherghel-Pavăl N, Căpățînă OO, Stan A, Micluția IV. The relevance of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis for psychiatrists. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:73-81. [PMID: 38702981 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2024.2323926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatrists are often the first to be consulted in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. While this disease is rare, psychiatrists need to be aware of its relevant fundamental, clinical and therapeutic aspects. We begin by reviewing the connection between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Next, we focus on the profile of the patient typically afflicted with this disease. Then, we tackle the limited utility of current diagnostic criteria during the early stage of the disease. After reviewing the psychiatric features, we debate the quest for finding specific psychiatric phenotypes that could facilitate early-stage diagnosis. We conclude by discussing the treatment of psychiatric symptoms and disease outcomes. As follows, this paper presents the relevance of anti-NMDAR encephalitis for psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Pavăl
- Department of Psychiatry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Romanian Association for Autoimmune Encephalitis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Octavia Oana Căpățînă
- Department of Psychiatry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Romanian Association for Autoimmune Encephalitis, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Stan
- Department of Neurology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Valentina Micluția
- Department of Psychiatry, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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29
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Hamilton HK, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. P300 in schizophrenia: Then and now. Biol Psychol 2024; 187:108757. [PMID: 38316196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The 1965 discovery of the P300 component of the electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potential (ERP), along with the subsequent identification of its alteration in people with schizophrenia, initiated over 50 years of P300 research in schizophrenia. Here, we review what we now know about P300 in schizophrenia after nearly six decades of research. We describe recent efforts to expand our understanding of P300 beyond its sensitivity to schizophrenia itself to its potential role as a biomarker of risk for psychosis or a heritable endophenotype that bridges genetic risk and psychosis phenomenology. We also highlight efforts to move beyond a syndrome-based approach to understand P300 within the context of the clinical, cognitive, and presumed pathophysiological heterogeneity among people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Finally, we describe several recent approaches that extend beyond measuring the traditional P300 ERP component in people with schizophrenia, including time-frequency analyses and pharmacological challenge studies, that may help to clarify specific cognitive mechanisms that are disrupted in schizophrenia. Moreover, we discuss several promising areas for future research, including studies of animal models that can be used for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Ma S, Chen T, Jia W, Liu J, Ding S, Li P, Gan H, Zhang D, Shao S, Poo MM, Zhao M, Sun B, Jiang J. Enhanced Beta2-band Oscillations Denote Auditory Hallucination in Schizophrenia Patients and a Monkey Model of Psychosis. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:325-338. [PMID: 37612582 PMCID: PMC10912066 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An electroencephalographic (EEG) signature of auditory hallucinations (AHs) is important for facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of AHs in schizophrenia. We recorded EEG from 25 schizophrenia patients with recurrent AHs. During the period of AHs, EEG recordings exhibited significantly elevated beta2-band power in the temporal region, as compared to those recorded in the absence of AHs or during stimulation with verbal sounds. We further generated methamphetamine-treated rhesus monkeys exhibiting psychosis-like behaviors, including repetitive sudden searching actions in the absence of external intrusion, suggesting the occurrence of AHs. Epidural EEG beta2-band power in the temporal region of these monkeys was enhanced immediately after methamphetamine treatment and positively correlated with the frequency of sudden searching actions. Thus, the enhancement of temporal beta2-band oscillations represents a signature for AHs in both patients and a monkey model of psychosis, and this monkey model can be used for developing closed-loop neuromodulation approaches for the treatment of refractory AHs in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenjun Jia
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200020, China
| | - Shihan Ding
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Puzhe Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Fuyang Third People's Hospital, Fuyang Mental Health Center, Fuyang, 236052, China
| | - Shuxin Shao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201602, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200020, China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201602, China.
- Shanghai Quanlan Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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31
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Antenucci N, D'Errico G, Fazio F, Nicoletti F, Bruno V, Battaglia G. Changes in kynurenine metabolites in the gray and white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals affected by schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38413629 PMCID: PMC10899223 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of all metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, i.e., tryptophan (TRY), kynurenic acid (KYNA), L-kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), anthranylic acid (ANA), 3-hydroxyanthranylic acid (3-HANA), xanthurenic acid (XA) and quinolinic acid (QUINA), in postmortem samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann area 46, 9) of individuals affected by schizophrenia and non-schizophrenic controls. The analysis was carried out in the gray and white matter. Levels of KYN, 3-HK, ANA, and 3-HANA were significantly increased in both the gray and white matter of the DLPFC of individuals affected by schizophrenia, whereas levels of TRY, KYNA, and QUINA were increased exclusively in the white matter and remained unchanged in the gray matter. These increases in kynurenine metabolites did not correlate with age, sex, duration of the disease, and duration and type of antipsychotic medication. These findings suggest that the two major branches of the kynurenine pathway, i.e., the transamination of KYN into KYNA, and hydroxylation of KYN into 3-HK are activated in the white matter of individuals affected by schizophrenia, perhaps as a result of neuroinflammation, and support the evidence that abnormalities of the white matter are consistenly associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Antenucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Francesco Fazio
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Bruno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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32
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van Hooijdonk CFM, Balvers MGJ, van der Pluijm M, Smith CLC, de Haan L, Schrantee A, Yaqub M, Witkamp RF, van de Giessen E, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Booij J, Selten JP. Endocannabinoid levels in plasma and neurotransmitters in the brain: a preliminary report on patients with a psychotic disorder and healthy individuals. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38389452 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and neurotransmitter systems might mediate the risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Consequently, we investigated in patients with SSD and healthy controls (HC) the relations between (1) plasma concentrations of two prototypical endocannabinoids (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [anandamide] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]) and (2) striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC), and glutamate and y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). As anandamide and 2-AG might reduce the activity of these neurotransmitters, we hypothesized negative correlations between their plasma levels and the abovementioned neurotransmitters in both groups. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 18 patients and 16 HC to measure anandamide and 2-AG plasma concentrations. For all subjects, we acquired proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans to assess Glx (i.e. glutamate plus glutamine) and GABA + (i.e. GABA plus macromolecules) concentrations in the ACC. Ten patients and 14 HC also underwent [18F]F-DOPA positron emission tomography for assessment of striatal DSC. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relations between the outcome measures. RESULTS A negative association between 2-AG plasma concentration and ACC Glx concentration was found in patients (p = 0.008). We found no evidence of other significant relationships between 2-AG or anandamide plasma concentrations and dopaminergic, glutamatergic, or GABAergic measures in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest an association between peripheral 2-AG and ACC Glx levels in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen F M van Hooijdonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G J Balvers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte L C Smith
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
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33
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Zhou T, Ho YY, Lee RX, Fath AB, He K, Scott J, Bajwa N, Hartley ND, Wilde J, Gao X, Li C, Hong E, Nassar MR, Wimmer RD, Singh T, Halassa MM, Feng G. Enhancement of mediodorsal thalamus rescues aberrant belief dynamics in a mouse model with schizophrenia-associated mutation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574745. [PMID: 38260581 PMCID: PMC10802391 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Optimizing behavioral strategy requires belief updating based on new evidence, a process that engages higher cognition. In schizophrenia, aberrant belief dynamics may lead to psychosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are unknown, in part, due to lack of appropriate animal models and behavior readouts. Here, we address this challenge by taking two synergistic approaches. First, we generate a mouse model bearing patient-derived point mutation in Grin2a (Grin2aY700X+/-), a gene that confers high-risk for schizophrenia and recently identified by large-scale exome sequencing. Second, we develop a computationally trackable foraging task, in which mice form and update belief-driven strategies in a dynamic environment. We found that Grin2aY700X+/- mice perform less optimally than their wild-type (WT) littermates, showing unstable behavioral states and a slower belief update rate. Using functional ultrasound imaging, we identified the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus as hypofunctional in Grin2aY700X+/- mice, and in vivo task recordings showed that MD neurons encoded dynamic values and behavioral states in WT mice. Optogenetic inhibition of MD neurons in WT mice phenocopied Grin2aY700X+/- mice, and enhancing MD activity rescued task deficits in Grin2aY700X+/- mice. Together, our study identifies the MD thalamus as a key node for schizophrenia-relevant cognitive dysfunction, and a potential target for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Yi-Yun Ho
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Ray X Lee
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Amanda B Fath
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Kathleen He
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Jonathan Scott
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Navdeep Bajwa
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Nolan D Hartley
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | - Jonathan Wilde
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Xian Gao
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Cui Li
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Evan Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | | | - Ralf D Wimmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Tarjinder Singh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | | | - Guoping Feng
- Yang Tan Collection and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
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34
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Sapienza J, Agostoni G, Dall'Acqua S, Sut S, Nasini S, Martini F, Marchesi A, Bechi M, Buonocore M, Cocchi F, Cavallaro R, Spangaro M, Comai S, Bosia M. The kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant schizophrenia at the crossroads between pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:71-80. [PMID: 38101180 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Two cardinal elements in the complex and multifaceted pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) are neuroinflammation and dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, with the latter being especially involved in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Interestingly, the Kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) is at the crossroad between them, constituting a potential causal link and a therapeutic target. Although there is preclinical and clinical evidence indicating a dysregulation of KP associated with the clinical phenotype of SCZ, clinical studies investigating the possible relationship between changes in biomarkers of the KP and response to pharmacotherapy are still limited. Therefore, we have studied possible differences in the circulating levels of biomarkers of the metabolism of tryptophan along the KP in 43 responders to first-line treatments (FLR) and 32 TRS patients treated with clozapine, and their possible associations with psychopathology in the two subgroups. Plasma levels of KYN were significantly higher in TRS patients than in FLR patients, indicating a greater activation of KP. Furthermore, the levels of quinolinic (NMDA receptor agonist) and kynurenic acid (NMDA negative allosteric modulator) showed a negative and a positive correlation with several dimensions and the overall symptomatology in the whole sample and in FLR, but not in TRS, suggesting a putative modulating effect of clozapine elicited through the NMDA receptors. Despite the cross-sectional design of the study that prevents us from demonstrating causation, these findings show a significant relationship among circulating KP biomarkers, psychopathology, and response to pharmacotherapy in SCZ. Therefore, plasma KP biomarkers should be further investigated for developing personalized medicine approaches in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sapienza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Humanities and Life Sciences, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Nasini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marchesi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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van der Pluijm M, Alting M, Schrantee A, Edden RAE, Booij J, de Haan L, van de Giessen E. Glutamate and GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in treatment resistant first episode psychosis patients. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:471-478. [PMID: 38277736 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 30 % of schizophrenia patients do not respond sufficiently to conventional antipsychotic treatment. Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may be implicated in treatment resistant (TR) patients. Some data indicate that TR patients show increased glutamate levels compared to responders, but findings are inconclusive and limited in the early disease stage. Furthermore, the two neurotransmitters have rarely been assessed in conjunction. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of GABA+ and glutamate in first episode TR patients and explore whether these neurometabolites could be potential predictive markers for TR schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess glutamate + glutamine (Glx) and GABA including macromolecules (GABA+) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 58 first episode psychosis patients. At six months follow-up treatment response was determined and in a subgroup of 33 patients a follow-up MRS scan was acquired. STUDY RESULTS Glx and GABA+ levels were not significantly different between TR patients and responders at baseline and the levels did not change at six months follow-up. The groups differed in voxel fractions, which could have influenced our results even though we corrected for these differences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence that ACC Glx or GABA+ levels are potential biomarkers for TR in first episode psychosis. Future research needs to take in to account voxel fractions and report potential differences. Comparison with previous literature suggests that illness duration, clozapine responsiveness and medication effects may partly explain the heterogeneous results on Glx and GABA+ levels in TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maartje Alting
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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36
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Płoska A, Siekierzycka A, Cieślik P, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. The Impact of LY487379 or CDPPB on eNOS Expression in the Mouse Brain and the Effect of Joint Administration of Compounds with NO • Releasers on MK-801- or Scopolamine-Driven Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:627. [PMID: 38338372 PMCID: PMC10856750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the regulation of a variety of biological processes is well established, and its dysfunction contributes to brain pathologies, including schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors were shown to be effective procognitive compounds, but little is known about their impact on eNOS expression and stability. Here, we investigated the influence of the acute and chronic administration of LY487379 or CDPPB (mGlu2 and mGlu5 PAMs), on eNOS expression in the mouse brain and the effect of the joint administration of the ligands with nitric oxide (NO) releasers, spermineNONOate or DETANONOate, in different combinations of doses, on MK-801- or scopolamine-induced amnesia in the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Our results indicate that both compounds provoked eNOS monomer formation, and CDPPB at a dose of 5 mg/kg exaggerated the effect of MK-801 or scopolamine. The coadministration of spermineNONOate or DETANONOate enhanced the antiamnesic effect of CDPPB or LY487379. The best activity was observed for ineffective or moderate dose combinations. The results indicate that treatment with mGluR2 and mGluR5 PAMs may be burdened with the risk of promoting eNOS uncoupling through the induction of dimer dissociation. Administration of the lowest possible doses of the compounds with NO• donors, which themselves have procognitive efficacy, may be proposed for the treatment of schizophrenia or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
- BioTechMed Center, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Steet, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M. Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
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37
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Philibert CE, Disdier C, Lafon PA, Bouyssou A, Oosterlaken M, Galant S, Pizzoccaro A, Tuduri P, Ster J, Liu J, Kniazeff J, Pin JP, Rondard P, Marin P, Vandermoere F. TrkB receptor interacts with mGlu 2 receptor and mediates antipsychotic-like effects of mGlu 2 receptor activation in the mouse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg1679. [PMID: 38277461 PMCID: PMC10816717 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) attracts particular attention as a possible target for a new class of antipsychotics. However, the signaling pathways transducing the effects of mGlu2 in the brain remain poorly characterized. Here, we addressed this issue by identifying native mGlu2 interactome in mouse prefrontal cortex. Nanobody-based affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified 149 candidate mGlu2 partners, including the neurotrophin receptor TrkB. The later interaction was confirmed both in cultured cells and prefrontal cortex. mGlu2 activation triggers phosphorylation of TrkB on Tyr816 in primary cortical neurons and prefrontal cortex. Reciprocally, TrkB stimulation enhances mGlu2-operated Gi/o protein activation. Furthermore, TrkB inhibition prevents the rescue of behavioral deficits by glutamatergic antipsychotics in phencyclidine-treated mice. Collectively, these results reveal a cross-talk between TrkB and mGlu2, which is key to the behavioral response to glutamatergic antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Eva Philibert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Disdier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-André Lafon
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Alexandre Bouyssou
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Oosterlaken
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonya Galant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Pizzoccaro
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pola Tuduri
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ster
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Centre for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Julie Kniazeff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Vandermoere
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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38
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Viragh E, Asztalos L, Fenckova M, Szlanka T, Gyorgypal Z, Kovacs K, IntHout J, Cizek P, Konda M, Szucs E, Zvara A, Biro J, Csapo E, Lukacsovich T, Hegedus Z, Puskas L, Schenck A, Asztalos Z. Pre-Pulse Inhibition of an escape response in adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3853873. [PMID: 38343805 PMCID: PMC10854311 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3853873/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Pre-Pulse Inhibition (PPI) is a neural process where suppression of a startle response is elicited by preceding the startling stimulus (Pulse) with a weak, non-startling one (Pre-Pulse). Defective PPI is widely employed as a behavioural endophenotype in humans and mammalian disorder-relevant models for neuropsychiatric disorders. We have developed a user-friendly, semi-automated, high-throughput-compatible Drosophila light-off jump response PPI paradigm, with which we demonstrate that PPI, with similar parameters measured in mammals, exists in adults of this model organism. We report that Drosophila PPI is affected by reduced expression of Dysbindin and both reduced and increased expression of Nmdar1 (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1), perturbations associated with schizophrenia. Studying the biology of PPI in an organism that offers a plethora of genetic tools and a complex and well characterized connectome will greatly facilitate our efforts to gain deeper insight into the aetiology of human mental disorders, while reducing the need for mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Viragh
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lenke Asztalos
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Ltd., Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Current address: Aktogen Ltd. Ramsey, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Fenckova
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tamas Szlanka
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Gyorgypal
- Institute of Biophysics & Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karoly Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Lab, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joanna IntHout
- Department for Health Evidence (HEV), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel Cizek
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihaly Konda
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Voalaz Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Agnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Institute of Biophysics & Core Facilities, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Puskas
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltan Asztalos
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Aktogen Ltd., Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Current address: Aktogen Ltd. Ramsey, Huntingdon, United Kingdom
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39
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Adraoui FW, Hettak K, Viardot G, Alix M, Guiffard S, Meot B, L’Hostis P, Maurin A, Delpy E, Drieu La Rochelle C, Carvalho K. Differential Effects of Aripiprazole on Electroencephalography-Recorded Gamma-Band Auditory Steady-State Response, Spontaneous Gamma Oscillations and Behavior in a Schizophrenia Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1035. [PMID: 38256109 PMCID: PMC10815955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The available antipsychotics for schizophrenia (SZ) only reduce positive symptoms and do not significantly modify SZ neurobiology. This has raised the question of the robustness and translational value of methods employed during drug development. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based measures like evoked and spontaneous gamma oscillations are considered robust translational biomarkers as they can be recorded in both patients and animal models to probe a key mechanism underlying all SZ symptoms: the excitation/inhibition imbalance mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction. Understanding the effects of commercialized atypical antipsychotics on such measures could therefore contribute to developing better therapies for SZ. Yet, the effects of such drugs on these EEG readouts are unknown. Here, we studied the effect of the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole on the gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR), spontaneous gamma oscillations and behavioral features in a SZ rat model induced by the NMDAr antagonist MK-801. Interestingly, we found that aripiprazole could not normalize MK-801-induced abnormalities in ASSR, spontaneous gamma oscillations or social interaction while it still improved MK-801-induced hyperactivity. Suggesting that aripiprazole is unable to normalize electrophysiological features underlying SZ symptoms, our results might explain aripiprazole's inefficacy towards the social interaction deficit in our model but also its limited efficacy against social symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W. Adraoui
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Kenza Hettak
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Geoffrey Viardot
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 6 Avenue de Bruxelles, 68350 Brunstatt-Didenheim, France
| | - Magali Alix
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Sabrina Guiffard
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Benoît Meot
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Philippe L’Hostis
- Biotrial, Neuroscience Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Maurin
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | - Eric Delpy
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
| | | | - Kevin Carvalho
- Biotrial, Non-Clinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 Rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France; (F.W.A.)
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40
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Shim G, Romero-Morales AI, Sripathy SR, Maher BJ. Utilizing hiPSC-derived oligodendrocytes to study myelin pathophysiology in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1322813. [PMID: 38273973 PMCID: PMC10808804 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1322813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in our central nervous system (CNS) by myelinating axons for faster action potential conduction, protecting axons from degeneration, structuring the position of ion channels, and providing nutrients to neurons. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction and/or dysmyelination can contribute to a range of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Leukodystrophy (LD), Schizophrenia (SCZ), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Common characteristics identified across these disorders were either an inability of oligodendrocytes to remyelinate after degeneration or defects in oligodendrocyte development and maturation. Unfortunately, the causal mechanisms of oligodendrocyte dysfunction are still uncertain, and therapeutic targets remain elusive. Many studies rely on the use of animal models to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these disorders, however, such studies face species-specific challenges and therefore lack translatability. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model neurological diseases is becoming a powerful new tool, improving our understanding of pathophysiology and capacity to explore therapeutic targets. Here, we focus on the application of hiPSC-derived oligodendrocyte model systems to model disorders caused by oligodendrocyte dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alejandra I. Romero-Morales
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Srinidhi R. Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brady J. Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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41
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Perrottelli A, Marzocchi FF, Caporusso E, Giordano GM, Giuliani L, Melillo A, Pezzella P, Bucci P, Mucci A, Galderisi S. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder through induced pluripotent stem cell models. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E109-E125. [PMID: 38490647 PMCID: PMC10950363 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder involves a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that begins in the early stages of neurodevelopment. Recent advancements in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising tool for understanding the neurobiological alterations involved in these disorders and, potentially, for developing new treatment options. In this review, we summarize the results of iPSC-based research on schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, showing disturbances in neurodevelopmental processes, imbalance in glutamatergic-GABAergic transmission and neuromorphological alterations. The limitations of the reviewed literature are also highlighted, particularly the methodological heterogeneity of the studies, the limited number of studies developing iPSC models of both diseases simultaneously, and the lack of in-depth clinical characterization of the included samples. Further studies are needed to advance knowledge on the common and disease-specific pathophysiological features of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and to promote the development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Giuliani
- From the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Melillo
- From the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bucci
- From the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- From the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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42
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Howes OD, Bukala BR, Beck K. Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:22-35. [PMID: 38110704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disability. Current pharmacotherapy for the disease predominantly uses one mechanism - dopamine D2 receptor blockade - but often shows limited efficacy and poor tolerability. These limitations highlight the need to better understand the aetiology of the disease to aid the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the latest meta-analyses and other findings on the neurobiology of prodromal, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, and the link to psychotic symptoms, focusing on imaging evidence from people with the disorder. This evidence demonstrates regionally specific neurotransmitter alterations, including higher glutamate and dopamine measures in the basal ganglia, and lower glutamate, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cortical regions, particularly the frontal cortex, relative to healthy individuals. We consider how dysfunction in cortico-thalamo-striatal-midbrain circuits might alter brain information processing to underlie psychotic symptoms. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for developing new, mechanistically based treatments and precision medicine for psychotic symptoms, as well as negative and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Bernard R Bukala
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Rodrigues T, Bressan GN, Krum BN, Soares FAA, Fachinetto R. Influence of the dose of ketamine used on schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice: A correlation study with TH, GAD 67, and PPAR-γ. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 233:173658. [PMID: 37804866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating mental illness that has not yet been completely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on the positive- and negative-like symptoms of schizophrenia. We also explored whether these effects are related to changes in the immunoreactivity of GAD67, TH, and PPAR-γ in brain structures. To conduct the study, male mice received ketamine (20-40 mg/kg) or its vehicle (0.9 % NaCl) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. We quantified stereotyped behavior, the time of immobility in the forced swimming test (FST), and locomotor activity after 7 or 14 days. In addition, we performed ex vivo analysis of the immunoreactivity of GAD, TH, and PPAR-γ, in brain tissues after 14 days. The results showed that ketamine administration for 14 days increased the grooming time in the nose region at all tested doses. It also increased immobility in the FST at 30 mg/kg doses and decreased the number of rearing cycles during stereotyped behavior at 40 mg/kg. These behavioral effects were not associated with changes in locomotor activity. We did not observe any significant alterations regarding the immunoreactivity of brain proteins. However, we found that GAD and TH were positively correlated with the number of rearing during the stereotyped behavior at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg ketamine, respectively. GAD was positively correlated with the number of rearing in the open field test at a dose of 20 mg/kg. TH was inversely correlated with immobility time in the FST at a dose of 30 mg/kg. PPAR-γ was inversely correlated with the number of bouts of stereotyped behavior at a dose of 40 mg/kg of ketamine. In conclusion, the behavioral alterations induced by ketamine in positive-like symptoms were reproduced with all doses tested and appear to depend on the modulatory effects of TH, GAD, and PPAR-γ. Conversely, negative-like symptoms were associated with a specific dose of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Getulio Nicola Bressan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nunes Krum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Górny M, Bilska-Wilkosz A, Iciek M, Rogóż Z, Lorenc-Koci E. Treatment with aripiprazole and N-acetylcysteine affects anaerobic cysteine metabolism in the hippocampus and reverses schizophrenia-like behavior in the neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia. FEBS J 2023; 290:5773-5793. [PMID: 37646112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the antipsychotic drug aripiprazole and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine have unique biological properties. The aim of the study was to investigate, in a rat model of schizophrenia, the effects of chronic administration of these drugs on schizophrenia-like behaviors and anaerobic cysteine metabolism in the hippocampus (HIP). The schizophrenia-type changes were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated administration of the glutathione synthesis inhibitor l-butionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine in combination with the dopamine reuptake inhibitor GBR 12909 in the early postnatal period. Adult model rats were chronically treated with aripiprazole (0.3 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) or N-acetylcysteine (30 mg·kg-1 , orally), and their effects on schizophrenia-like behaviors were assessed using the social interaction test and novel object recognition test. In the HIP, the level of anaerobic cysteine metabolites, H2 S, and bound sulfane sulfur were determined by a fluorescence method, while the expression of H2 S-synthetizing enzymes: cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) by western blot. Long-term treatment with aripiprazole or N-acetylcysteine reversed social and cognitive deficits and reduced the exploratory behaviors. In the HIP of 16-day-old model pups, H2 S levels and MST protein expression were significantly decreased. In adult model rats, H2 S levels remained unchanged, bound sulfane sulfur significantly increased, and the expression of CBS and MST slightly decreased. The studied drugs significantly reduced the level of bound sulfane sulfur and the expression of tested enzymes. The reduction in bound sulfane sulfur level coincided with the attenuation of exploratory behavior, suggesting that modulation of anaerobic cysteine metabolism in the HIP may have therapeutic potential in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Górny
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bilska-Wilkosz
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Iciek
- The Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zofia Rogóż
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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45
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Sauer A, Grent-'t-Jong T, Zeev-Wolf M, Singer W, Goldstein A, Uhlhaas PJ. Spectral and phase-coherence correlates of impaired auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia: A MEG study. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:60-71. [PMID: 37708723 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is robustly impaired in schizophrenia. However, mechanisms underlying dysfunctional MMN generation remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine the role of evoked spectral power and phase-coherence towards deviance detection and its impairments in schizophrenia. METHODS Magnetoencephalography data was collected in 16 male schizophrenia patients and 16 male control participants during an auditory MMN paradigm. Analyses of event-related fields (ERF), spectral power and inter-trial phase-coherence (ITPC) focused on Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior/medial frontal gyrus and thalamus. RESULTS MMNm ERF amplitudes were reduced in patients in temporal, frontal and subcortical regions, accompanied by decreased theta-band responses, as well as by a diminished gamma-band response in auditory cortex. At theta/alpha frequencies, ITPC to deviant tones was reduced in patients in frontal cortex and thalamus. Patients were also characterized by aberrant responses to standard tones as indexed by reduced theta-/alpha-band power and ITPC in temporal and frontal regions. Moreover, stimulus-specific adaptation was decreased at theta/alpha frequencies in left temporal regions, which correlated with reduced MMNm spectral power and ERF amplitude. Finally, phase-reset of alpha-oscillations after deviant tones in left thalamus was impaired, which correlated with impaired MMNm generation in auditory cortex. Importantly, both non-rhythmic and rhythmic components of spectral activity contributed to the MMNm response. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that deficits in theta-/alpha- and gamma-band activity in cortical and subcortical regions as well as impaired spectral responses to standard sounds could constitute potential mechanisms for dysfunctional MMN generation in schizophrenia, providing a novel perspective towards MMN deficits in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sauer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Straße 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstr. 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, G12 8QB Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Maor Zeev-Wolf
- Department of Education and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Wolf Singer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Straße 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Deutschordenstr. 46, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Abraham Goldstein
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, G12 8QB Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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46
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Farsi Z, Nicolella A, Simmons SK, Aryal S, Shepard N, Brenner K, Lin S, Herzog L, Moran SP, Stalnaker KJ, Shin W, Gazestani V, Song BJ, Bonanno K, Keshishian H, Carr SA, Pan JQ, Macosko EZ, Datta SR, Dejanovic B, Kim E, Levin JZ, Sheng M. Brain-region-specific changes in neurons and glia and dysregulation of dopamine signaling in Grin2a mutant mice. Neuron 2023; 111:3378-3396.e9. [PMID: 37657442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
A genetically valid animal model could transform our understanding of schizophrenia (SCZ) disease mechanisms. Rare heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in GRIN2A, encoding a subunit of the NMDA receptor, greatly increase the risk of SCZ. By transcriptomic, proteomic, and behavioral analyses, we report that heterozygous Grin2a mutant mice show (1) large-scale gene expression changes across multiple brain regions and in neuronal (excitatory and inhibitory) and non-neuronal cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), (2) evidence of hypoactivity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hyperactivity in the hippocampus and striatum, (3) an elevated dopamine signaling in the striatum and hypersensitivity to amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AIH), (4) altered cholesterol biosynthesis in astrocytes, (5) a reduction in glutamatergic receptor signaling proteins in the synapse, and (6) an aberrant locomotor pattern opposite of that induced by antipsychotic drugs. These findings reveal potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, provide support for both the "hypo-glutamate" and "hyper-dopamine" hypotheses of SCZ, and underscore the utility of Grin2a-deficient mice as a genetic model of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Farsi
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ally Nicolella
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean K Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sameer Aryal
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nate Shepard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kira Brenner
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sherry Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linnea Herzog
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean P Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J Stalnaker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wangyong Shin
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Vahid Gazestani
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bryan J Song
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Bonanno
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hasmik Keshishian
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan Z Macosko
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Borislav Dejanovic
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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47
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Dugan C, Zikopoulos B, Yazdanbakhsh A. A neural modeling approach to study mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of visual spatial frequency sensitivity in schizophrenia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.563001. [PMID: 37904992 PMCID: PMC10614973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.563001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit abnormalities in spatial frequency sensitivity, and it is believed that these abnormalities indicate more widespread dysfunction and dysregulation of bottom-up processing. The early visual system, including the first-order Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1), are key contributors to spatial frequency sensitivity. Medicated and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia exhibit contrasting changes in spatial frequency sensitivity, thus making it a useful probe for examining potential effects of the disorder and antipsychotic medications in neural processing. We constructed a parameterized, rate-based neural model of on-center/off-surround neurons in the early visual system to investigate the impacts of changes to the excitatory and inhibitory receptive field subfields. By incorporating changes in both the excitatory and inhibitory subfields that are associated with pathophysiological findings in schizophrenia, the model successfully replicated perceptual data from behavioral/functional studies involving medicated and unmedicated patients. Among several plausible mechanisms, our results highlight the dampening of excitation and/or increase in the spread and strength of the inhibitory subfield in medicated patients and the contrasting decreased spread and strength of inhibition in unmedicated patients. Given that the model was successful at replicating results from perceptual data under a variety of conditions, these elements of the receptive field may be useful markers for the imbalances seen in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dugan
- Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Computational Neuroscience and Vision Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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48
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Abbasi S, Wolff A, Çatal Y, Northoff G. Increased noise relates to abnormal excitation-inhibition balance in schizophrenia: a combined empirical and computational study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10477-10491. [PMID: 37562844 PMCID: PMC10560578 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography studies link sensory processing issues in schizophrenia to increased noise level-noise here is background spontaneous activity-as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio. The mechanism, however, of such increased noise is unknown. We investigate if this relates to changes in cortical excitation-inhibition balance, which has been observed to be atypical in schizophrenia, by combining electroencephalography and computational modeling. Our electroencephalography task results, for which the local field potentials can be used as a proxy, show lower signal-to-noise ratio due to higher noise in schizophrenia. Both electroencephalography rest and task states exhibit higher levels of excitation in the functional excitation-inhibition (as a proxy of excitation-inhibition balance). This suggests a relationship between increased noise and atypical excitation in schizophrenia, which was addressed by using computational modeling. A Leaky Integrate-and-Fire model was used to simulate the effects of varying degrees of noise on excitation-inhibition balance, local field potential, NMDA current, and . Results show a noise-related increase in the local field potential, excitation in excitation-inhibition balance, pyramidal NMDA current, and spike rate. Mutual information and mediation analysis were used to explore a cross-level relationship, showing that the cortical local field potential plays a key role in transferring the effect of noise to the cellular population level of NMDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abbasi
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan 65169-13733, Iran
| | - Annemarie Wolff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Yasir Çatal
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Georg Northoff
- University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
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49
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Santa C, Rodrigues D, Coelho JF, Anjo SI, Mendes VM, Bessa-Neto D, Dunn MJ, Cotter D, Baltazar G, Monteiro P, Manadas B. Chronic treatment with D2-antagonist haloperidol leads to inhibitory/excitatory imbalance in striatal D1-neurons. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:312. [PMID: 37803004 PMCID: PMC10558446 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia that is known to antagonize dopamine D2 receptors, which are abundantly expressed in the striatum. However, haloperidol's delayed therapeutic effect also suggests a mechanism of action that may go beyond the acute blocking of D2 receptors. Here, we performed proteomic analysis of striatum brain tissue and found more than 400 proteins significantly altered after 30 days of chronic haloperidol treatment in mice, namely proteins involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. Cell-type specific electrophysiological recordings further revealed that haloperidol not only reduces the excitability of striatal medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2-MSNs) but also affects D1-MSNs by increasing the ratio of inhibitory/excitatory synaptic transmission (I/E ratio) specifically onto D1-MSNs but not D2-MSNs. Therefore, we propose the slow remodeling of D1-MSNs as a mechanism mediating the delayed therapeutic effect of haloperidol over striatum circuits. Understanding how haloperidol exactly contributes to treating schizophrenia symptoms may help to improve therapeutic outcomes and elucidate the molecular underpinnings of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Santa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- III - Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Joana F Coelho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vera M Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Bessa-Neto
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Michael J Dunn
- Proteome Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- RCSI Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graça Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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50
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Olivero G, Roggeri A, Pittaluga A. Anti-NMDA and Anti-AMPA Receptor Antibodies in Central Disorders: Preclinical Approaches to Assess Their Pathological Role and Translatability to Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14905. [PMID: 37834353 PMCID: PMC10573896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against NMDA and AMPA receptors have been identified in the central nervous system of patients suffering from brain disorders characterized by neurological and psychiatric symptoms. It has been demonstrated that these autoantibodies can affect the functions and/or the expression of the targeted receptors, altering synaptic communication. The importance to clarify, in preclinical models, the molecular mechanisms involved in the autoantibody-mediated effects has emerged in order to understand their pathogenic role in central disorders, but also to propose new therapeutic approaches for preventing the deleterious central consequences. In this review, we describe some of the available preclinical literature concerning the impact of antibodies recognizing NMDA and AMPA receptors in neurons. This review discusses the cellular events that would support the detrimental roles of the autoantibodies, also illustrating some contrasting findings that in our opinion deserve attention and further investigations before translating the preclinical observations to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (G.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Roggeri
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (G.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, 3Rs Center, Department of Pharmacy (DiFar), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16145 Genoa, Italy
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