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Faysal M, Dehbia Z, Zehravi M, Sweilam SH, Haque MA, Kumar KP, Chakole RD, Shelke SP, Sirikonda S, Nafady MH, Khan SL, Nainu F, Ahmad I, Emran TB. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unlocking the Prospects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1926-1944. [PMID: 38822985 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, the decline of nerve cells in the brain, is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Oxidative stress, a key factor in NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease can lead to neuronal cell death, mitochondria impairment, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. Environmental factors compromising stress response lead to cell damage, necessitating novel therapeutics for preventing or treating brain disorders in older individuals and an aging population. Synthetic medications offer symptomatic benefits but can have adverse effects. This research explores the potential of flavonoids derived from plants in treating NDDs. Flavonoids compounds, have been studied for their potential to enter the brain and treat NDDs. These compounds have diverse biological effects and are currently being explored for their potential in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Flavonoids have various beneficial effects, including antiviral, anti-allergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Their potential to alleviate symptoms of NDDs is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faysal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Zerrouki Dehbia
- Laboratory of Agro - Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Akiful Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, 500088, India
| | - Kusuma Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi, Pushpvihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rita D Chakole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415124, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish P Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, 443001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapna Sirikonda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, 500088, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, 413520, Maharashtra, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
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Park JM, Rahmati M, Lee SC, Shin JI, Kim YW. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons, motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1584-1592. [PMID: 38051903 PMCID: PMC10883506 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms, no treatment can cure or reverse the disease itself. Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns, a lower risk of immune rejection, and a lower risk of teratogenicity. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function, memory, and preservation of dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease animal model. We searched bibliographic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify articles and included only peer-reviewed in vivo interventional animal studies published in any language through June 28, 2023. The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the standard mean differences (SMD) between the treatment and control groups. We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation's risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment. A total of 33 studies with data from 840 Parkinson's disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test. Among the stem cell types, the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed largest effect size (SMD [95% CI] = -6.21 [-9.50 to -2.93], P = 0.0001, I2 = 0.0 %). The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons in the striatum ([95% CI] = 1.04 [0.59 to 1.49], P = 0.0001, I2 = 65.1 %) and substantia nigra (SMD [95% CI] = 1.38 [0.89 to 1.87], P = 0.0001, I2 = 75.3 %), indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route (SMD [95% CI] = -2.59 [-3.25 to -1.94], P = 0.0001, I2 = 74.4 %). The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route (SMD [95% CI] = 4.80 [1.84 to 7.76], P = 0.027, I2 = 79.6 %). Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types, modifications, transplanted cell numbers, and delivery methods for these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mi Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Holden H, Venkatesh S, Budrow C, Nezaria S, Coyle M, Centner A, Lipari N, McManus G, Bishop C. The effects of L-DOPA on gait abnormalities in a unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease. Physiol Behav 2024; 281:114563. [PMID: 38723388 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by dopamine (DA) cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). As PD progresses, patients display disruptions in gait such as changes in posture, bradykinesia, and shortened stride. DA replacement via L-DOPA alleviates many PD symptoms, though its effects on gait are not well demonstrated. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DA lesion, gait, and deficit-induced reversal with L-DOPA. To do so, Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 25, 14 males, 11 females) received unilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DA lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). An automated gait analysis system assessed spatiotemporal gait parameters pre- and post-lesion, and after various doses of L-DOPA (0, 3, or 6 mg/kg; s.c.). The forepaw adjusting steps (FAS) test was implemented to evaluate lesion efficacy while the abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) scale monitored the emergence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assessed changes in brain monoamines on account of lesion and treatment. Results revealed lesion-induced impairments in gait, inclusive of max-contact area and step-sequence alterations that were not reversible with L-DOPA. However, the emergence of AIMs were observed at higher doses. Post-mortem, 6-OHDA lesions induced a loss of striatal DA and norepinephrine (NE), while prefrontal cortex (PFC) displayed noticeable reduction in NE but not DA. Our findings indicate that hemiparkinsonian rats display measurable gait disturbances similar to PD patients that are not rescued by DA replacement. Furthermore, non-DA mechanisms such as attention-related NE in PFC may contribute to altered gait and may constitute a novel target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holden
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Venkatesh
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Carla Budrow
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Sareen Nezaria
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Michael Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Centner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Lipari
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Grace McManus
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Zhou T, Xu W, Shi W. Investigation of the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2024; 18:581-595. [PMID: 38699617 PMCID: PMC11061068 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-10009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe, progressive, neurological disorder. PD is not a single disease, but rather resembles a syndrome. PD includes two types of pathogenesis (i.e., classical PD and new PD). Clinically, PD patients present with a range of motor symptoms including decreased spontaneous movement, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, changes in speech, and resting tremors. PD patients also often exhibit non-motor symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders, and emotional and mental health disturbances. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) performed in clinical neurosurgery has demonstrated considerable efficacy in the treatment of dyskinesia that occurs in PD patients. However, the specific neural mechanism of DBS remains unknown and is limited by several shortcomings that have hampered the popularization and development of the procedure. To address this issue, this study established a theoretical model of DBS for PD to investigate and understand the mechanism of DBS using several artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. This model was used to investigate both classical PD and unheard-of new PD. The research described in this paper was as follows: a single neuron was used to establish a theoretical model of the basal ganglia circuit and to simulate the characteristic indicators of the potential release of the basal ganglia circuit in both normal and PD states. The state of the deep brain electrical stimulation in PD was then analyzed to identify the critical electrical stimulation index and the optimal target. We showed that the use of AI algorithms such as particle swarm optimization and other AI algorithms was beneficial for more detailed exploration and understanding of the mechanisms of DBS compared to those used in previous studies. This discovery may lead to advances in DBS technology and provide better treatment options for neurological diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Wenchuan Xu
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Weiyao Shi
- College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
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Demailly A, Moreau C, Devos D. Effectiveness of Continuous Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Review of L-DOPA Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:925-939. [PMID: 38848195 PMCID: PMC11307025 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by striatal dopamine deficiency. Since dopamine cannot cross the digestive and blood-brain barriers, its precursor, levodopa (L-DOPA), remains the mainstay of treatment. However, the significant pharmacokinetic (Pk) and pharmacodynamic (Pd) limitations of L-DOPA, combined with the severity of PD, may trigger motor and non-motor complications, for which continuous dopaminergic delivery therapies have been developed. Objective The aim of this study was to review the literature on the Pk/Pd limitations of L-DOPA and how current treatments of continuous dopaminergic administration ameliorate these problems, in order to identify the need for new therapeutic avenues. Methods A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed and 75 articles were initially extracted. Following independent screening by two reviewers and consideration of eligibility, 10 articles were chosen for further analysis. Information concerning the Pk/Pd of L-DOPA was classified for each article. Results Pk/Pd problems notably include: (i) restricted digestive and cerebral absorption; (ii) unnecessary peripheral distribution; (iii) short half-life; (iv) age- and PD-induced decline of central aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase; (v) misdistribution in many cells; and (vii) pulsatile stimulation of dopaminergic receptors. Current treatments only slightly ameliorate some of these problems. Conclusions Many Pk/Pd constraints are not resolved by existing continuous dopaminergic delivery therapies. This highlights the significant gap between these treatments and the ideal of continuous dopaminergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Moreau
- Université Lille, Lille, France
- Neurology Department & Parkinson’s Disease Centre of Excellence, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LICEND, NS-Park Network, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- Université Lille, Lille, France
- Neurology Department & Parkinson’s Disease Centre of Excellence, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, LilNCog, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LICEND, NS-Park Network, Lille, France
- Medical Pharmacology Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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Conti Mazza MM, Centner A, Werner DF, Bishop C. Striatal serotonin transporter gain-of-function in L-DOPA-treated, hemi-parkinsonian rats. Brain Res 2023; 1811:148381. [PMID: 37127174 PMCID: PMC10562932 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-DOPA is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but chronic treatment typically leads to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). LID involves a complex interaction between the remaining dopamine (DA) system and the semi-homologous serotonin (5-HT) system. Since serotonin transporters (SERT) have some affinity for DA uptake, they may serve as a functional compensatory mechanism when DA transporters (DAT) are scant. DAT and SERT's functional contributions in the dyskinetic brain have not been well delineated. The current investigation sought to determine how DA depletion and L-DOPA treatment affect DAT and SERT transcriptional processes, translational processes, and functional DA uptake in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned hemi-parkinsonian rat. Rats were counterbalanced for motor impairment into equally lesioned treatment groups then given daily L-DOPA (0 or 6 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. At the end of treatment, the substantia nigra was processed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DAT gene expression and dorsal raphe was processed for SERT gene expression. The striatum was processed for synaptosomal DAT and SERT protein expression and ex vivo DA uptake. Nigrostriatal DA loss severely reduced DAT mRNA and protein expression in the striatum with minimal changes in SERT. L-DOPA treatment, while not significantly affecting DAT or SERT alone, did increase striatal SERT:DAT protein ratios. Using ex vivo microdialysis, L-DOPA treatment increased DA uptake via SERT when DAT was depleted. Overall, these results suggest that DA loss and L-DOPA treatment uniquely alter DAT and SERT, revealing implications for monoamine transporters as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the hemi-parkinsonian model and dyskinetic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Conti Mazza
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Ashley Centner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - David F Werner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
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Isaacson SH, Hauser RA, Pahwa R, Gray D, Duvvuri S. Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: Impact of D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptor subtype selectivity and avenues for future treatment. Clin Park Relat Disord 2023; 9:100212. [PMID: 37497384 PMCID: PMC10366643 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine agonists (DAs) have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) but are limited by adverse effects (AEs). DAs can vary considerably in their receptor subtype selectivity and affinity, chemical composition, receptor occupancy, and intrinsic activity on the receptor. Most currently approved DAs for PD treatment primarily target D2/D3 (D2-like) dopamine receptors. However, selective activation of D1/D5 (D1-like) dopamine receptors may enable robust activation of motor function while avoiding AEs related to D2/D3 receptor agonism. Full D1/D5 receptor-selective agonists have been explored in small, early-phase clinical studies, and although their efficacy for motor symptoms was robust, challenges with pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, cardiovascular AEs, and dyskinesia rates similar to levodopa prevented clinical advancement. Generally, repeated dopaminergic stimulation with full DAs is associated with frontostriatal dysfunction and sensitization that may induce plastic changes in the motor system, and neuroadaptations that produce long-term motor and nonmotor complications, respectively. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that a D1/D5 receptor-selective partial agonist may hold promise for providing sustained, predictable, and robust motor control, while reducing risk for motor complications (e.g., levodopa-induced dyskinesia) and nonmotor AEs (e.g., impulse control disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness). Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate this hypothesis. The potential emerging availability of novel dopamine receptor agonists with selective dopamine receptor pharmacology suggests that the older terminology "dopamine agonist" may need revision to distinguish older-generation D2/D3-selective agonists from D1/D5-selective agonists with distinct efficacy and tolerability characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H. Isaacson
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Robert A. Hauser
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rajesh Pahwa
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David Gray
- Vigil Neuroscience, Inc, Watertown, MA, USA
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Alarcón TA, Presti-Silva SM, Simões APT, Ribeiro FM, Pires RGW. Molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection of environmental enrichment in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1450-1456. [PMID: 36571341 PMCID: PMC10075132 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder, affecting about 1% of the population over the age of 60 years. Parkinson's disease is characterized clinically by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability, as a result of the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. In addition to this neuronal cell loss, Parkinson's disease is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates, Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, composed primarily of the protein α-synuclein. Although it was first described almost 200 years ago, there are no disease-modifying drugs to treat patients with Parkinson's disease. In addition to conventional therapies, non-pharmacological treatment strategies are under investigation in patients and animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. Among such strategies, environmental enrichment, comprising physical exercise, cognitive stimulus, and social interactions, has been assessed in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Environmental enrichment can cause structural and functional changes in the brain and promote neurogenesis and dendritic growth by modifying gene expression, enhancing the expression of neurotrophic factors and modulating neurotransmission. In this review article, we focus on the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying environmental enrichment neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease, highlighting its influence on the dopaminergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic systems, as well as the involvement of neurotrophic factors. We describe experimental pre-clinical data showing how environmental enrichment can act as a modulator in a neurochemical and behavioral context in different animal models of Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential of environmental enrichment as an additional strategy in the management and prevention of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Andrea Alarcón
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Sarah Martins Presti-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute o Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniato Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute o Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
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Yeh CH, Zhang C, Shi W, Lo MT, Tinkhauser G, Oswal A. Cross-Frequency Coupling and Intelligent Neuromodulation. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0034. [PMID: 37266026 PMCID: PMC10231647 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) reflects (nonlinear) interactions between signals of different frequencies. Evidence from both patient and healthy participant studies suggests that CFC plays an essential role in neuronal computation, interregional interaction, and disease pathophysiology. The present review discusses methodological advances and challenges in the computation of CFC with particular emphasis on potential solutions to spurious coupling, inferring intrinsic rhythms in a targeted frequency band, and causal interferences. We specifically focus on the literature exploring CFC in the context of cognition/memory tasks, sleep, and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we highlight the implication of CFC in the context and for the optimization of invasive and noninvasive neuromodulation and rehabilitation. Mainly, CFC could support advancing the understanding of the neurophysiology of cognition and motor control, serve as a biomarker for disease symptoms, and leverage the optimization of therapeutic interventions, e.g., closed-loop brain stimulation. Despite the evident advantages of CFC as an investigative and translational tool in neuroscience, further methodological improvements are required to facilitate practical and correct use in cyborg and bionic systems in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Yeh
- School of Information and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuting Zhang
- School of Information and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- School of Information and Electronics,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Men-Tzung Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering,
National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gerd Tinkhauser
- Department of Neurology,
Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ashwini Oswal
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Murakami Y, Nishijima H, Nakamura T, Furukawa T, Kinoshita I, Kon T, Suzuki C, Tomiyama M. Altered Amantadine Effects after Repetitive Treatment for l-dopa-induced Involuntary Movements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 806:137248. [PMID: 37061023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa) is the most effective drug for Parkinson's disease (PD); however, most PD patients develop motor fluctuations including wearing-off and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Amantadine is beneficial for improving the motor symptoms, reducing "off" time, and ameliorating LID, although its long-term efficacy remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of amantadine on PD and LID using a rat model with repetitive drug treatment. METHOD We utilized 6-hydroxydopamine injections to develop a hemiparkinsonian rat model. The rats were assigned to four groups: five rats received l-dopa and benserazide for 31 days, six rats received l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 31 days, five rats received l-dopa and benserazide for 15 days followed by l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 16 days, and five rats received l-dopa and benserazide plus amantadine for 15 days followed by l-dopa and benserazide treatment for 16 days. We evaluated the l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements on treatment days 1, 7, 14, 16, 22, and 29. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry for drebrin was performed. RESULTS l-dopa-induced abnormal movements were reduced on the first day of amantadine treatment, and these effects disappeared with repetitive treatment. In contrast, the extension of l-dopa "on" time was observed after repetitive amantadine treatment. All groups showed enlarged drebrin immunoreactive dots in the dopamine-denervated striatum, indicating that amantadine did not prevent priming effects of repetitive l-dopa treatment. CONCLUSION Anti-LID effect of amantadine diminished after repetitive treatment, and the effect of amantadine on wearing-off emerged after repetitive treatment in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Fluctuations in amantadine effects should be considered when using it in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Murakami
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Iku Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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11
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Kanellos FS, Tsamis KI, Rigas G, Simos YV, Katsenos AP, Kartsakalis G, Fotiadis DI, Vezyraki P, Peschos D, Konitsiotis S. Clinical Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease: Is the Golden Standard Shiny Enough? SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3807. [PMID: 37112154 PMCID: PMC10145765 DOI: 10.3390/s23083807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the second most common neurodegenerative condition following Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibiting high prevalence and incident rates. Current care strategies for PD patients include brief appointments, which are sparsely allocated, at outpatient clinics, where, in the best case scenario, expert neurologists evaluate disease progression using established rating scales and patient-reported questionnaires, which have interpretability issues and are subject to recall bias. In this context, artificial-intelligence-driven telehealth solutions, such as wearable devices, have the potential to improve patient care and support physicians to manage PD more effectively by monitoring patients in their familiar environment in an objective manner. In this study, we evaluate the validity of in-office clinical assessment using the MDS-UPDRS rating scale compared to home monitoring. Elaborating the results for 20 patients with Parkinson's disease, we observed moderate to strong correlations for most symptoms (bradykinesia, rest tremor, gait impairment, and freezing of gait), as well as for fluctuating conditions (dyskinesia and OFF). In addition, we identified for the first time the existence of an index capable of remotely measuring patients' quality of life. In summary, an in-office examination is only partially representative of most PD symptoms and cannot accurately capture daytime fluctuations and patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foivos S. Kanellos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- PD Neurotechnology Ltd., 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I. Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Yannis V. Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas P. Katsenos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kartsakalis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridon Konitsiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Budrow C, Elder K, Coyle M, Centner A, Lipari N, Cohen S, Glinski J, Kinzonzi N, Wheelis E, McManus G, Manfredsson F, Bishop C. Broad Serotonergic Actions of Vortioxetine as a Promising Avenue for the Treatment of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:837. [PMID: 36980178 PMCID: PMC10047495 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms that result from loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) cells. While L-DOPA provides symptom alleviation, its chronic use often results in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Evidence suggests that neuroplasticity within the serotonin (5-HT) system contributes to LID onset, persistence, and severity. This has been supported by research showing 5-HT compounds targeting 5-HT1A/1B receptors and/or the 5-HT transporter (SERT) can reduce LID. Recently, vortioxetine, a multimodal 5-HT compound developed for depression, demonstrated acute anti-dyskinetic effects. However, the durability and underlying pharmacology of vortioxetine's anti-dyskinetic actions have yet to be delineated. To address these gaps, we used hemiparkinsonian rats in Experiment 1, examining the effects of sub-chronic vortioxetine on established LID and motor performance. In Experiment 2, we applied the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 or 5-HT1B antagonist SB-224289 in conjunction with L-DOPA and vortioxetine to determine the contributions of each receptor to vortioxetine's effects. The results revealed that vortioxetine consistently and dose-dependently attenuated LID while independently, 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors each partially reversed vortioxetine's effects. Such findings further support the promise of pharmacological strategies, such as vortioxetine, and indicate that broad 5-HT actions may provide durable responses without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Budrow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Kayla Elder
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Michael Coyle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Ashley Centner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Natalie Lipari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - John Glinski
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - N’Senga Kinzonzi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Emily Wheelis
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Grace McManus
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Fredric Manfredsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
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13
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Dutta AK, Armstrong C, Luo D, Das B, Spencer B, Rissman RA. D-685 Reverses Motor Deficits and Reduces Accumulation of Human α-Synuclein Protein in Two Different Parkinson's Disease Animal Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:885-896. [PMID: 36749600 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) protein in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) gives rise to a group of disorders, which are labeled collectively as synucleinopathies. These clinically distinct disorders are known as pure autonomic failure, Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). In the case of PD, it has been demonstrated that toxic aggregates of α-syn protein not only cause apoptosis of dopamine neurons but its accumulation in the neocortex and limbic area principally contributes to dementia. In our multifunctional drug discovery research for PD, we converted one of our catechol-containing lead dopamine agonist molecules D-520 into its prodrug D-685. The prodrug exhibited higher in vivo anti-Parkinsonian efficacy in a reserpinized PD animal model than the parent D-520 and exhibited facile brain penetration. In our study with an α-syn transgenic animal model (D line) for PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), we have shown that 1 month of chronic treatment with the compound D-685 was sufficient to reduce the accumulation of α-syn and phospho-α-syn in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum areas significantly compared to the control tg mice. Furthermore, D-685 did not exhibit any deleterious effect in the CNS as was evident from the neuron and microglia studies. Future studies will further explore in depth the potential of D-685 to modify disease progression while addressing symptomatic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke K Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Banibrata Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Brian Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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14
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Lai JIC, Porcu A, Romoli B, Keisler M, Manfredsson FP, Powell SB, Dulcis D. Nicotine-Mediated Recruitment of GABAergic Neurons to a Dopaminergic Phenotype Attenuates Motor Deficits in an Alpha-Synuclein Parkinson's Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4204. [PMID: 36835612 PMCID: PMC9960650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work revealed an inverse correlation between tobacco smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD) that is associated with nicotine-induced neuroprotection of dopaminergic (DA) neurons against nigrostriatal damage in PD primates and rodent models. Nicotine, a neuroactive component of tobacco, can directly alter the activity of midbrain DA neurons and induce non-DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) to acquire a DA phenotype. Here, we investigated the recruitment mechanism of nigrostriatal GABAergic neurons to express DA phenotypes, such as transcription factor Nurr1 and DA-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the concomitant effects on motor function. Wild-type and α-syn-overexpressing (PD) mice treated with chronic nicotine were assessed by behavioral pattern monitor (BPM) and immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization to measure behavior and the translational/transcriptional regulation of neurotransmitter phenotype following selective Nurr1 overexpression or DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation. We found that nicotine treatment led to a transcriptional TH and translational Nurr1 upregulation within a pool of SN GABAergic neurons in wild-type animals. In PD mice, nicotine increased Nurr1 expression, reduced the number of α-syn-expressing neurons, and simultaneously rescued motor deficits. Hyperactivation of GABA neurons alone was sufficient to elicit de novo translational upregulation of Nurr1. Retrograde labeling revealed that a fraction of these GABAergic neurons projects to the dorsal striatum. Finally, concomitant depolarization and Nurr1 overexpression within GABA neurons were sufficient to mimic nicotine-mediated dopamine plasticity. Revealing the mechanism of nicotine-induced DA plasticity protecting SN neurons against nigrostriatal damage could contribute to developing new strategies for neurotransmitter replacement in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica IChi Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Benedetto Romoli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Keisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Susan B. Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Davide Dulcis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Sibuea S, Ho JK, Pouton CW, Haynes JM. TGFβ3, dibutyryl cAMP and a notch inhibitor modulate phenotype late in stem cell-derived dopaminergic neuron maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1111705. [PMID: 36819101 PMCID: PMC9928866 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAs) from pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) holds much promise for both disease modelling studies and as a cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Generally, dopaminergic neuron differentiation paradigms rely on inhibition of smad signalling for neural induction followed by hedgehog signalling and an elevation of β-catenin to drive dopaminergic differentiation. Post-patterning, differentiating dopaminergic neuron cultures are permitted time for maturation after which the success of these differentiation paradigms is usually defined by expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. However, during maturation, culture media is often supplemented with additives to promote neuron survival and or promote cell differentiation. These additives include dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP), transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) and or the γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). While these factors are routinely added to cultures, their impact upon pluripotent stem cell-derived mDA phenotype is largely unclear. In this study, we differentiate pluripotent stem cells toward a dopaminergic phenotype and investigate how the omission of dbcAMP, TGFβ3 or DAPT, late in maturation, affects the regulation of multiple dopaminergic neuron phenotype markers. We now show that the removal of dbcAMP or TGFβ3 significantly and distinctly impacts multiple markers of the mDA phenotype (FOXA2, EN1, EN2, FOXA2, SOX6), while commonly increasing both MSX2 and NEUROD1 and reducing expression of both tyrosine hydroxylase and WNT5A. Removing DAPT significantly impacted MSX2, OTX2, EN1, and KCNJ6. In the absence of any stressful stimuli, we suggest that these culture additives should be viewed as mDA phenotype-modifying, rather than neuroprotective. We also suggest that their addition to cultures is likely to confound the interpretation of both transplantation and disease modelling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Sibuea
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia,National Agency of Drug and Food Control, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joan K. Ho
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John M. Haynes
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: John M. Haynes,
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16
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Kwan C, Kang W, Kim E, Belliveau S, Frouni I, Huot P. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:1-31. [PMID: 36868628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that leads to alterations in multiple neurotransmitter systems, notably glutamate. As such, several drugs acting at glutamatergic receptors have been assessed to alleviate the manifestation of PD and treatment-related complications, culminating with the approval of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist amantadine for l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. Glutamate elicits its actions through several ionotropic and metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. There are 8 sub-types of mGlu receptors, with sub-types 4 (mGlu4) and 5 (mGlu5) modulators having been tested in the clinic for endpoints pertaining to PD, while sub-types 2 (mGlu2) and 3 (mGlu3) have been investigated in pre-clinical settings. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of mGlu receptors in PD, with a focus on mGlu5, mGlu4, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors. For each sub-type, we review, when applicable, their anatomical localization and possible mechanisms underlying their efficacy for specific disease manifestation or treatment-induced complications. We then summarize the findings of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with pharmacological agents and discuss the potential strengths and limitations of each target. We conclude by offering some perspectives on the potential use of mGlu modulators in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kwan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Woojin Kang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Belliveau
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Frouni
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Movement Disorder Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Identification of Novel Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands—A Combined In Silico/In Vitro Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144435. [PMID: 35889317 PMCID: PMC9318694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are an alarming global problem showing an increasing prevalence. Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) has been shown to be involved in central nervous system diseases. While different D2R-targeting drugs have been approved by the FDA, they all suffer from major drawbacks due to promiscuous receptor activity leading to adverse effects. Increasing the number of potential D2R-targeting drug candidates bears the possibility of discovering molecules with less severe side-effect profiles. In dire need of novel D2R ligands for drug development, combined in silico/in vitro approaches have been shown to be efficient strategies. In this study, in silico pharmacophore models were generated utilizing both ligand- and structure-based approaches. Subsequently, different databases were screened for novel D2R ligands. Selected virtual hits were investigated in vitro, quantifying their binding affinity towards D2R. This workflow successfully identified six novel D2R ligands exerting micro- to nanomolar (most active compound KI = 4.1 nM) activities. Thus, the four pharmacophore models showed prospective true-positive hit rates in between 4.5% and 12%. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in developing novel drug candidates for D2R-associated pathologies.
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18
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Jin L, Zhang C, Shi W, Yeh CH. A Novel Framework in Quantifying Oscillatory Coupling to Gait Disturbance in Parkinson's Disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:263-266. [PMID: 36086225 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) based on the uniform phase empirical mode decomposition (UPEMD) is proposed to improve the accuracy of PAC assessment. The framework is applied to investigate the mechanism and improvement measure of gait disturbance for Parkinson's disease (PD). Hβ modulation is suppressed at the time of contralateral heel strikes and rebounds when the contralateral foot rests on the ground and the ipsilateral foot is raised. Prominent PACs exist between δ and Lβ/Hβ activities. Auditory cue improves the gait; meanwhile, it enhances the Hβ modulation, and suppresses the δ-Lβ/Hβ PACs, which may rebound toward the before-cue stage afterward. Our findings suggest the proposed UPEMD-PAC is a useful framework in quantifying PAC with pre-determined frequencies, whereas the δ-Lβ/Hβ PACs in the subthalamic nucleus serve as potential biomarkers for gait disturbance in PD. Clinical Relevance- This manifests the efficacy of auditory cues on gait disturbance. The proposed framework may be useful in diagnosing the severity of motor impairment.
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19
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Cohen SR, Terry ML, Coyle M, Wheelis E, Centner A, Smith S, Glinski J, Lipari N, Budrow C, Manfredsson FP, Bishop C. The multimodal serotonin compound Vilazodone alone, but not combined with the glutamate antagonist Amantadine, reduces l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 217:173393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Kaur J, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Devkota HP, Prasher P, Ansari MS, Aba Alkhayl FF, Arshad MF, Morris A, Choonara YE, Adams J, Dua K, Singh SK. Advances in designing of polymeric micelles for biomedical application in brain related diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 361:109960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Jin L, Shi W, Zhang C, Yeh CH. Frequency Nesting Interactions in the Subthalamic Nucleus Correlate With the Step Phases for Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:890753. [PMID: 35574448 PMCID: PMC9100409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.890753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be ameliorated by sound stimulation. Given that excessive β synchronization in basal ganglia is linked to motor impairment in PD, whether the frequency nesting interactions are associated with the gait problem is far from clear. To this end, the masking phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) method was proposed to overcome the trade-off between intrinsic nonlinearity/non-stationarity and demand for predetermined frequencies, normally extracted by the filter. In this study, we analyzed LFPs recorded from 13 patients (one female) with PD during stepping with bilateral deep brain electrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). We found that not only high-frequency oscillation (100-300 Hz) was modulated by β (13-30 Hz) but also β and γ amplitude were modulated by their low-frequency components in δ/θ/α and δ/θ/α/β bands. These PAC values were suppressed by sound stimulation, along with an improvement in gait. We also showed that gait-related high-β (Hβ) modulation in the STN was sensitive to auditory cues, and Hβ gait-phase modulation increased with a metronome. Meanwhile, phase-locking values (PLVs) across all frequencies were significantly suppressed around contralateral heel strikes, manifesting the contralateral step as a critical gait phase in gait initiation for PD. Only the PLVs around contralateral steps were sensitive to auditory cues. Our results support masking PAC as an effective method in exploring frequency nesting interactions in LFPs and reveal the linkages between sound stimulation and couplings related to gait phases in the STN. These findings raise the possibility that nesting interactions in the STN work as feasible biomarkers in alleviating gait disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Jin
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Shi
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuting Zhang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chien-Hung Yeh
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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22
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Nishijima H, Mori F, Kimura T, Miki Y, Kinoshita I, Nakamura T, Kon T, Suzuki C, Wakabayashi K, Tomiyama M. Cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine agonist, attenuates L-dopa-induced dyskinesia without L-dopa sparing in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 178:93-97. [PMID: 35150767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent administration of L-dopa in Parkinson's disease is associated with L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Long-acting dopamine agonists may reduce the risk of LID by continuous dopaminergic stimulation. We examined the LID-like behavior, preprodynorphin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the striatum (a neurochemical LID hallmark), and the volume of the entopeduncular nucleus (a pathological LID hallmark) in Parkinson's disease rat models that were treated with L-dopa and cabergoline. Cabergoline co-treatment with L-dopa reduced LID, striatal preprodynorphin mRNA expression, and hypertrophy of the entopeduncular nucleus, indicating that cabergoline has an anti-LID effect independent of the L-dopa-sparing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kimura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Aomori Hospital, 155-1 Namioka-Megasawa-Hirano, Aomori 038-1331, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Iku Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Dahiya S, Tisch S, Greenfield J. The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists in pre-clinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Park Relat Disord 2022; 6:100133. [PMID: 35128376 PMCID: PMC8804263 DOI: 10.1016/j.prdoa.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with significant morbidity. Currently, there are limited pharmacological options and none of the therapies available are disease-modifying. This systematic review and meta-analysis considers a novel drug class through the research question - in pre-clinical rodent models of PD, is GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy neuroprotective when compared to vehicle controls? METHODS A literature search was conducted to locate relevant pre-clinical studies. Two separate outcomes were considered. The primary outcome was indicators of dopaminergic neurotransmission. The secondary outcome was indicators of motor symptoms. Untreated PD models were compared to PD-models treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. The final meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane RevMan software and represented continuous data using the inverse variance statistical method and random effects analysis model. The final study statistic was represented as an SMD value with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Study heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed using I2 values and funnel plots respectively. RESULTS Eleven studies fit the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. For the primary outcome (n = 128), there was a statistically significant relative improvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission (SMD 1.71, 95% CI = 0.74-2.68, p = 0.0005, I2 = 76%). For the secondary outcome (n = 280), there was a statistically significant improvement in motor outcomes (SMD 2.11, 95% CI = 1.14-3.09, p < 0.0001, I2 = 89%). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy is neuroprotective in pre-clinical models of PD. This study provides the clinical foundation and research support for the design of rigorous clinical trials to further investigate these results in human PD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Dahiya
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Level 5 DeLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Tisch
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Level 5 DeLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerry Greenfield
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Level 5 DeLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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24
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Dopamine depletion selectively disrupts interactions between striatal neuron subtypes and LFP oscillations. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110265. [PMID: 35045299 PMCID: PMC8820590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) dysregulates the striatal neural network and causes motor deficits. However, it is unclear how altered striatal circuits relate to dopamine-acetylcholine chemical imbalance and abnormal local field potential (LFP) oscillations observed in PD. We perform a multimodal analysis of the dorsal striatum using cell-type-specific calcium imaging and LFP recording. We reveal that dopamine depletion selectively enhances LFP beta oscillations during impaired locomotion, supporting beta oscillations as a biomarker for PD. We further demonstrate that dynamic cholinergic interneuron activity during locomotion remains unaltered, even though cholinergic tone is implicated in PD. Instead, dysfunctional striatal output arises from elevated coordination within striatal output neurons, which is accompanied by reduced locomotor encoding of parvalbumin interneurons and transient pathological LFP high-gamma oscillations. These results identify a pathological striatal circuit state following dopamine depletion where distinct striatal neuron subtypes are selectively coordinated with LFP oscillations during locomotion. Zemel et al. demonstrate that dopamine loss disrupts striatal neural network and enhances local field potential beta oscillations during impaired locomotion. Specifically, striatal projecting neuron activation is abnormally coordinated and accompanied by pathological high-gamma oscillations. While parvalbumin interneurons reduce locomotor encoding, cholinergic interneurons strengthen their interactions with projecting neurons.
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25
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Kang S, Piao Y, Kang YC, Lim S, Pak YK. DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112389. [PMID: 34775235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with damages to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by neuroinflammation. We previously reported that a triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental PD toxin-models had neuroprotective effects by alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated whether DA-9805 could suppress ER stress and neuroinflammation in vitro and/or in vivo. Pre-treatment with DA-9805 (1 μg/ml) attenuated upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µg/ml) or tunicamycin (2 µg/ml). In addition, DA-9805 prevented the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide through inhibition of NF-κB activation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) into mice can induce acute neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Oral administration of DA-9805 (10 or 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days before LPS injection) prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra in LPS-injected mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that DA-9805 can effectively prevent ER stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that DA-9805 is a multitargeting and disease-modifying therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeol Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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26
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Apostol CR, Bernard K, Tanguturi P, Molnar G, Bartlett MJ, Szabò L, Liu C, Ortiz JB, Saber M, Giordano KR, Green TRF, Melvin J, Morrison HW, Madhavan L, Rowe RK, Streicher JM, Heien ML, Falk T, Polt R. Design and Synthesis of Brain Penetrant Glycopeptide Analogues of PACAP With Neuroprotective Potential for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinsonism. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 1. [PMID: 35237767 PMCID: PMC8887546 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2021.818003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for curative therapies to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Most mainstay treatments currently on the market only alleviate specific symptoms and do not reverse disease progression. The Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), an endogenous neuropeptide hormone, has been extensively studied as a potential regenerative therapeutic. PACAP is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects via the related Class B GPCRs PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, at which the hormone shows roughly equal activity. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also activates these receptors, and this close analogue of PACAP has also shown to promote neuronal survival in various animal models of acute and progressive neurodegenerative diseases. However, PACAP's poor pharmacokinetic profile (non-linear PK/PD), and more importantly its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability has hampered development of this peptide as a therapeutic. We have demonstrated that glycosylation of PACAP and related peptides promotes penetration of the BBB and improves PK properties while retaining efficacy and potency in the low nanomolar range at its target receptors. Furthermore, judicious structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed key motifs that can be modulated to afford compounds with diverse selectivity profiles. Most importantly, we have demonstrated that select PACAP glycopeptide analogues (2LS80Mel and 2LS98Lac) exert potent neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of traumatic brain injury and in a mild-toxin lesion model of Parkinson's disease, highlighting glycosylation as a viable strategy for converting endogenous peptides into robust and efficacious drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kelsey Bernard
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Mitchell J Bartlett
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lajos Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - J Bryce Ortiz
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Maha Saber
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Katherine R Giordano
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Tabitha R F Green
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - James Melvin
- Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Helena W Morrison
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lalitha Madhavan
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Torsten Falk
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Physiological Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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27
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Vahapoglu B, Erskine E, Gultekin Subasi B, Capanoglu E. Recent Studies on Berry Bioactives and Their Health-Promoting Roles. Molecules 2021; 27:108. [PMID: 35011338 PMCID: PMC8747047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the increased knowledge about the positive health effects of food bioactives, the eating habits of many individuals have changed to obtain higher nutritional benefits from foods. Fruits are among the most preferred food materials in this regard. In particular, berry fruits are important sources in the diet in terms of their high nutritional content including vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Berry fruits have remedial effects on several diseases and these health-promoting impacts are associated with their phenolic compounds which may vary depending on the type and variety of the fruit coupled with other factors including climate, agricultural conditions, etc. Most of the berries have outstanding beneficial roles in many body systems of humans such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Furthermore, they are effective on some metabolic disorders and several types of cancer. In this review, the health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in berry fruits are presented and the most recent in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies are discussed from a food science and nutrition point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Vahapoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Ezgi Erskine
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Busra Gultekin Subasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
- Hafik Kamer Ornek Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
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28
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Ahmad J, Haider N, Khan MA, Md S, Alhakamy NA, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Sarim Imam S, Ahmad MZ, Mishra A. Novel therapeutic interventions for combating Parkinson's disease and prospects of Nose-to-Brain drug delivery. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114849. [PMID: 34808125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder prevalent mainly in geriatric population. While, L-DOPA remains one of the major choices for the therapeutic management of PD, various motor and non-motor manifestations complicate the management of PD. In the last two decades, exhaustive research has been carried out to explore novel therapeutic approaches for mitigating motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. These approaches majorly include receptor-based, anti-inflammatory, stem-cell and nucleic acid based. The major limitations of existing therapeutic interventions (of commonly oral route) are low efficacy due to low brain bioavailability and associated side effects. Nanotechnology has been exploited and has gained wide attention in the recent years as an approach for enhancement of bioavailability of various small molecule drugs in the brain. To address the challenges associated with PD therapy, nose-to-brain delivery utilizing nanomedicine-based approaches has been found to be encouraging in published evidence. Therefore, the present work summarises the major challenges and limitations with antiparkinsonian drugs, novel therapeutic interventions, and scope of nanomedicine-based nose-to-brain delivery in addressing the current challenges of antiparkinsonian therapy. The manuscript tries to sensitize the researchers for designing brain-targeted nanomedicine loaded with natural/synthetic scaffolds, biosimilars, and nucleic acids that can bypass the first-pass effect for the effective management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nafis Haider
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup Assam-781101, India.
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29
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Mirzaei S, Kulkarni K, Zhou K, Crack PJ, Aguilar MI, Finkelstein DI, Forsythe JS. Biomaterial Strategies for Restorative Therapies in Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4224-4235. [PMID: 34634903 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder, in which dopaminergic midbrain neurons degenerate, leading to dopamine depletion that is associated with neuronal death. In this Review, we initially describe the pathogenesis of PD and established therapies that unfortunately only delay progression of the disease. With a rapidly escalating incidence in PD, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies that not only halt progression but even reverse degeneration. Biomaterials are playing critical roles in these new therapies which include controlled and site-specific delivery of neurotrophins, increased engraftment of implanted neural stem cells, and redirection of endogenous stem cell populations away from their niche to encourage reparative mechanisms. This Review will therefore cover important design features of biomaterials used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies targeted at PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Peter J. Crack
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John S. Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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30
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da Silva Machado CB, da Silva LM, Gonçalves AF, Andrade PRD, Mendes CKTT, de Assis TJCF, Godeiro Júnior CDO, Andrade SM. Multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 49:515-531. [PMID: 34776426 PMCID: PMC8764602 DOI: 10.3233/nre-210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cardinal motor symptoms in addition to cognitive impairment. New insights concerning multisite non-invasive brain stimulation effects have been gained, which can now be used to develop innovative treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: Map the researchs involving multisite non-invasive brain stimulation in PD, synthesize the available evidence and discuss future directions. METHODS: The databases PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception until April 2020, without restrictions on the date of publication or the language in which it was published. The reviewers worked in pairs and sequentially evaluated the titles, abstracts and then the full text of all publications identified as potentially relevant. RESULTS: Twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. The target brain regions included mainly the combination of a motor and a frontal area, such as stimulation of the primary motor córtex associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Most of the trials showed that this modality was only more effective for the motor component, or for the cognitive and/or non-motor, separately. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the results being encouraging for the use of the multisite aproach, the indication for PD management should be carried out with caution and deserves scientific deepening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Clécio de Oliveira Godeiro Júnior
- Division of Neurology, CHU of Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University, La Tronche, Grenoble, France.,Division of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Onofre Lopes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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31
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Padhi AK, Kumar A, Haruna KI, Sato H, Tamura H, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Yamaguchi A, Iraha F, Takahashi M, Sakamoto K, Zhang KYJ. An integrated computational pipeline for designing high-affinity nanobodies with expanded genetic codes. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6355418. [PMID: 34415295 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering and design principles employing the 20 standard amino acids have been extensively used to achieve stable protein scaffolds and deliver their specific activities. Although this confers some advantages, it often restricts the sequence, chemical space, and ultimately the functional diversity of proteins. Moreover, although site-specific incorporation of non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) has been proven to be a valuable strategy in protein engineering and therapeutics development, its utility in the affinity-maturation of nanobodies is not fully explored. Besides, current experimental methods do not routinely employ nnAAs due to their enormous library size and infinite combinations. To address this, we have developed an integrated computational pipeline employing structure-based protein design methodologies, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, for the binding affinity prediction of an nnAA-incorporated nanobody toward its target and selection of potent binders. We show that by incorporating halogenated tyrosines, the affinity of 9G8 nanobody can be improved toward epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a crucial cancer target. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays showed that the binding of several 3-chloro-l-tyrosine (3MY)-incorporated nanobodies were improved up to 6-fold into a picomolar range, and the computationally estimated binding affinities shared a Pearson's r of 0.87 with SPR results. The improved affinity was found to be due to enhanced van der Waals interactions of key 3MY-proximate nanobody residues with EGFR, and an overall increase in the nanobody's structural stability. In conclusion, we show that our method can facilitate screening large libraries and predict potent site-specific nnAA-incorporated nanobody binders against crucial disease-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Padhi
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Haruna
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Haruna Sato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Atushi Yamaguchi
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fumie Iraha
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mihoko Takahashi
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Nonnatural Amino Acid Technology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kensaku Sakamoto
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory for Nonnatural Amino Acid Technology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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32
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Lee BE, Suh PG, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1674-1682. [PMID: 34837015 PMCID: PMC8639716 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues of many proteins. This protein modification interacts with key cellular pathways involved in transcription, translation, and proteostasis. Although ubiquitous throughout the body, O-GlcNAc is particularly abundant in the brain, and various proteins commonly found at synapses are O-GlcNAcylated. Recent studies have demonstrated that the modulation of O-GlcNAc in the brain alters synaptic and neuronal functions. Furthermore, altered brain O-GlcNAcylation is associated with either the etiology or pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, while the manipulation of O-GlcNAc exerts neuroprotective effects against these diseases. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain remain unclear, O-GlcNAcylation is critical for regulating diverse neural functions, and its levels change during normal and pathological aging. In this review, we will highlight the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Haas CA. Revisiting brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Science 2021; 374:153-154. [PMID: 34618578 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl9915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola A Haas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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Altwal F, Padovan-Neto FE, Ritger A, Steiner H, West AR. Role of 5-HT1A Receptor in Vilazodone-Mediated Suppression of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia and Increased Responsiveness to Cortical Input in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195790. [PMID: 34641332 PMCID: PMC8510243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is limited due to emerging L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Research has identified abnormal dopamine release from serotonergic (5-HT) terminals contributing to this dyskinesia. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or 5-HT receptor (5-HTr) agonists can regulate 5-HT activity and attenuate dyskinesia, but they often also produce a loss of the antiparkinsonian efficacy of L-DOPA. We investigated vilazodone, a novel multimodal 5-HT agent with SSRI and 5-HTr1A partial agonist properties, for its potential to reduce dyskinesia without interfering with the prokinetic effects of L-DOPA, and underlying mechanisms. We assessed vilazodone effects on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (abnormal involuntary movements, AIMs) and aberrant responsiveness to corticostriatal drive in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) measured with in vivo single-unit extracellular recordings, in the 6-OHDA rat model of PD. Vilazodone (10 mg/kg) suppressed all subtypes (axial, limb, orolingual) of AIMs induced by L-DOPA (5 mg/kg) and the increase in MSN responsiveness to cortical stimulation (shorter spike onset latency). Both the antidyskinetic effects and reversal in MSN excitability by vilazodone were inhibited by the 5-HTr1A antagonist WAY-100635, demonstrating a critical role for 5-HTr1A in these vilazodone actions. Our results indicate that vilazodone may serve as an adjunct therapeutic for reducing dyskinesia in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Altwal
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease & Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (F.A.); (A.R.W.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Fernando E. Padovan-Neto
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Alexandra Ritger
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Heinz Steiner
- Stanson Toshok Center for Brain Function and Repair, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony R. West
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease & Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (F.A.); (A.R.W.)
- Discipline of Neuroscience, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
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Apostol CR, Tanguturi P, Szabò LZ, Varela D, Gilmartin T, Streicher JM, Polt R. Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Glycopeptide Drug Candidates Related to PACAP 1-23. Molecules 2021; 26:4932. [PMID: 34443519 PMCID: PMC8401035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for efficacious treatment of neurodegenerative and progressive neuroinflammatory diseases continues, as current therapies are unable to halt or reverse disease progression. PACAP represents one potential therapeutic that provides neuroprotection effects on neurons, and also modulates inflammatory responses and circulation within the brain. However, PACAP is a relatively long peptide hormone that is not trivial to synthesize. Based on previous observations that the shortened isoform PACAP1-23 is capable of inducing neuroprotection in vitro, we were inspired to synthesize shortened glycopeptide analogues of PACAP1-23. Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of glycosylated PACAP1-23 analogues that interact strongly with the PAC1 and VPAC1 receptors, while showing reduced activity at the VPAC2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Apostol
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Parthasaradhireddy Tanguturi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Lajos Z. Szabò
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
| | - Daniel Varela
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Thiago Gilmartin
- Facultat de Quìmica Tarragona, Universitat Rovera I Virgili, 43007 Barcelona, Spain; (D.V.); (T.G.)
| | - John M. Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (P.T.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (C.R.A.); (L.Z.S.)
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Khan ST, Ahmed S, Gul S, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Search for safer and potent natural inhibitors of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105135. [PMID: 34271080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
After Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) has taken second place in becoming one of the most commonly occurring neurological diseases being responsible for a number of disabling motor symptoms ranging from bradykinesia, akinesia, tremors to rigidity, that mostly targets the elderly population and severely disrupts their quality of life. The true underlying pathology of PD yet remains a mystery, however, recent advances in the field have pointed towards the production of α-synuclein aggregates, oxidative stress, and an imbalance between levels of acetylcholine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain that have been shown to result in loss of coordinated movement. Current treatments of PD include the gold standard dopamine precursor L-dopa, dopamine agonists pergolide and bromocriptine, catechol-o-methyl transferases inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone and monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as Selegine and Rasagiline amongst several other drugs. While these drugs are successful in treating motor symptoms of the disease, they do so with a plethora of side effects that are especially debilitating to the elderly. In the recent years, a considerable amount of attention has been shifted towards phytocompounds such as flavonoids and green tea catechins due to promising experimental results. In this review, we have compiled phytocompounds that have shown potent activity against some of the most important targets for antiparkinsonian therapy. These compounds have exhibited activities that transcend the limits of simply attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress and have opened doors to the discovery of novel lead compounds for newer, efficacious antiparkinsonian therapies with wider therapeutic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Tariq Khan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Gul
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
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Hagenow S, Affini A, Pioli EY, Hinz S, Zhao Y, Porras G, Namasivayam V, Müller CE, Lin JS, Bezard E, Stark H. Adenosine A 2AR/A 1R Antagonists Enabling Additional H 3R Antagonism for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8246-8262. [PMID: 34107215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1/A2A receptors (A1R/A2AR) represent targets in nondopaminergic treatment of motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). As an innovative strategy, multitargeting ligands (MTLs) were developed to achieve comprehensive PD therapies simultaneously addressing comorbid symptoms such as sleep disruption. Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core. These MTLs showed distinct receptor binding profiles with overall nanomolar H3R affinities (Ki < 55 nM). Compound 4 (ST-2001, Ki (A1R) = 11.5 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 7.25 nM) and 12 (ST-1992, Ki (A1R) = 11.2 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 4.01 nM) were evaluated in vivo. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was improved after administration of compound 4 (1 mg kg-1, i.p. rats). Compound 12 (2 mg kg-1, p.o. mice) increased wakefulness representing novel pharmacological tools for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Affini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elsa Y Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Street 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Villalba RM, Behnke JA, Pare JF, Smith Y. Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3408-3425. [PMID: 33676368 PMCID: PMC8599722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II-III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II-III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II-III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Boelens Keun JT, Arnoldussen IA, Vriend C, van de Rest O. Dietary Approaches to Improve Efficacy and Control Side Effects of Levodopa Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2265-2287. [PMID: 34113965 PMCID: PMC8634393 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although levodopa remains the most effective drug for symptomatic management of Parkinson's Disease (PD), treatment during advanced disease stages may raise unpredictable motor fluctuations and other complications. Counteracting these complications with other pharmacological therapies may prompt a vicious circle of side effects, and here, nutritional therapy may have great potential. Knowledge about the role of diet in PD is emerging and multiple studies have investigated nutritional support specifically with respect to levodopa therapy. With this systematic review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of dietary approaches to optimize levodopa treatment in PD. A systematic search was performed using the databases of PubMed and Scopus between January 1985 and September 2020. Nutritional interventions with the rationale to optimize levodopa therapy in human PD patients were eligible for this study and their quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. In total, we included 22 papers that addressed the effects of dietary proteins (n = 10), vitamins (n = 7), fiber (n = 2), soybeans (n = 1), caffeine (n = 1), and ketogenic diets (n = 1) on levodopa therapy. Interventions with protein redistribution diets (PRDs), dietary fiber, vitamin C, and caffeine improved levodopa absorption, thereby enhancing clinical response and reducing motor fluctuations. Furthermore, supplementation of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folic acid successfully reduced high homocysteine concentrations that emerged from levodopa metabolism and promoted many metabolic and clinical complications, such as neuropathology and osteoporosis. In conclusion, dietary interventions have the potential to optimize levodopa efficacy and control side effects. Nutrition that improves levodopa absorption, including PRDs, fiber, vitamin C, and caffeine, is specifically recommended when fluctuating clinical responses appear. Supplements of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folic acid are advised along with levodopa initiation to attenuate hyperhomocysteinemia, and importantly, their potential to treat consequent metabolic and clinical complications warrants future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikke T Boelens Keun
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Ac Arnoldussen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Vriend
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nishijima H, Kimura T, Mori F, Wakabayashi K, Kinoshita I, Nakamura T, Kon T, Suzuki C, Tomiyama M. Effects of Aging on Levo-Dihydroxyphenylalanine- Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650350. [PMID: 34054505 PMCID: PMC8155371 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unclear why patients with young-onset Parkinson's disease more often develop levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-induced dyskinesia (LID) and have a more severe form than patients with old-onset Parkinson's disease. Previous studies using animal models have failed to show young-onset Parkinson's disease enhances LID. Objectives To evaluate the association of age at dopaminergic denervation (onset age) and initiation of L-dopa treatment (treatment age) with LID development in model rats. Methods We established rat models of young- and old-lesioned Parkinson's disease (6-hydroxydopamine lesions at 10 and 88 weeks of age, respectively). Dopaminergic denervation was confirmed by the rotational behavior test using apomorphine. Rats in the young-lesioned group were allocated to either L-dopa treatment at a young or old age, or saline treatment. Rats in the old-lesioned group were allocated to either L-dopa treatment or saline group. We evaluated L-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements during the 14-day treatment period. We also examined preprodynorphin mRNA expression in the striatum (a neurochemical hallmark of LID) and the volume of the medial globus pallidus (a pathological hallmark of LID). Results LID-like behavior was enhanced in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats compared with L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. Preprodynorphin mRNA expression was higher in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats than in in L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. The volume of the medial globus pallidus was greater in L-dopa-treated young-lesioned rats than in L-dopa-treated old-lesioned rats. Treatment age did not affect LID-like behavior or the degree of medial globus pallidus hypertrophy in the young-lesioned model. Conclusion Both dopaminergic denervation and L-dopa initiation at a young age contributed to the development of LID; however, the former may be a more important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Nishijima
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kimura
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Aomori Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Mori
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Iku Kinoshita
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Zhou H, Meng L, Xia X, Lin Z, Zhou W, Pang N, Bian T, Yuan T, Niu L, Zheng H. Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Suppresses Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3375-3387. [PMID: 33830916 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3071807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroinflammation contributes to the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to examine whether ultrasound (US) stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) could suppress the neuroinflammation in a chronic PD mouse model induced by 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). METHODS A chronic PD mouse model was built by injections of 20mg/kg MPTP and 250 mg/kg probenecid at 3.5-day intervals for 5 weeks. Mice were randomized into control+sham, MPTP+sham and MPTP+STN+US group. For MPTP+STN+US group, ultrasound wave (3.8 MHz, 50% duty cycle, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, 30 min/day) was delivered to the STN the day after MPTP and probenecid injection (the early stage of PD progression). The rotarod test and pole test were performed to evaluate the behavioral changes after ultrasound treatment. Then, the activity of microglia and astrocyte were measured to evaluate the inflammation level in the brain. RESULTS Ultrasound stimulation improved the latency to falls in the rotarod test (p = 0.033) and decreased the climbing time in the pole test (p = 0.016) compared with MPTP+sham group. Moreover, ultrasound stimulation reduced the chronic inflammation response as shown in microglia (p = 0.007) and astrocyte (p = 0.032) activation. In addition, HE, Nissl and Tunel staining showed that no brain tissue injury was induced by US. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that ultrasound stimulation could suppress neuroinflammation in PD mice. SIGNIFICANCE Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation offers a novel approach for Parkinson's disease intervention, potentially through its anti-neuroinflammation functions.
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Wasan H, Singh D, Kh R. Safinamide in neurological disorders and beyond: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:165-177. [PMID: 33387637 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of safinamide, an alpha-aminoamide, has been a valuable addition to the existing clinical management of Parkinson's disease (PD). The journey of safinamide dates back to the year 1983, when an alpha-aminoamide called milacemide showed a weak anticonvulsant activity. Milacemide was then structurally modified to give rise to safinamide, which in turn produced robust anticonvulsant activity. The underlying mechanism behind this action of safinamide is attributed to the inhibition of voltage gated calcium and sodium channels. Moreover, owing to the importance of ion channels in maintaining neuronal circuitry and neurotransmitter release, numerous studies explored the potential of safinamide in neurological diseases including PD, stroke, multiple sclerosis and neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and non-dystrophic myotonias. Nevertheless, evidence from multiple preclinical studies suggested a potent, selective and reversible inhibitory activity of safinamide against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B enzyme which is responsible for degrading dopamine, a neurotransmitter primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of PD. Therefore, clinical studies were conducted to assess safety and efficacy of safinamide in PD. Indeed, results from various Phase 3 clinical trials suggested strong evidence of safinamide as an add-on therapy in controlling the exacerbation of PD. This review presents a thorough developmental history of safinamide in PD and provides comprehensive insight into plausible mechanisms via which safinamide can be explored in other neurological and muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himika Wasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Reeta Kh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Bahadur S, Pardhi DM, Rautio J, Rosenholm JM, Pathak K. Intranasal Nanoemulsions for Direct Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Actives for CNS Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1230. [PMID: 33352959 PMCID: PMC7767046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been challenging, despite the rapid development of several novel treatment approaches. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the major issues in the treatment of CNS diseases, having major role in the protection of the brain but simultaneously constituting the main limiting hurdle for drugs targeting the brain. Nasal drug delivery has gained significant interest for brain targeting over the past decades, wherein the drug is directly delivered to the brain by the trigeminal and olfactory pathway. Various novel and promising formulation approaches have been explored for drug targeting to the brain by nasal administration. Nanoemulsions have the potential to avoid problems, including low solubility, poor bioavailability, slow onset of action, and enzymatic degradation. The present review highlights research scenarios of nanoemulsions for nose-to-brain delivery for the management of CNS ailments classified on the basis of brain disorders and further identifies the areas that remain unexplored. The significance of the total dose delivered to the target region, biodistribution studies, and long-term toxicity studies have been identified as the key areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Dinesh M. Pardhi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (D.M.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (D.M.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah 206130, India
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Albaugh DL, Smith Y, Galvan A. Comparative analyses of transgene expression patterns after intra-striatal injections of rAAV2-retro in rats and rhesus monkeys: A light and electron microscopic study. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4824-4839. [PMID: 33113247 PMCID: PMC7902345 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Retrogradely-transducing viral vectors are versatile tools for anatomical and functional interrogations of neural circuits. These vectors can be applied in nonhuman primates (NHPs), powerful model species for neuroscientific studies with limited genetic tractability, but limited data are available regarding the tropism and transgene expression patterns of such viruses after injections in NHP brains. Consequently, NHP researchers must often rely on related data available from other species for experimental planning. To evaluate the suitability of rAAV2-retro in the NHP basal ganglia, we studied the transgene expression patterns at the light and electron microscope level after injections of rAAV2-retro vector encoding the opsin Jaws conjugated to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the putamen of rhesus macaques. For inter-species comparison, we injected the same vector in the rat dorsal striatum. In both species, GFP expression was observed in numerous cortical and subcortical regions with known striatal projections. However, important inter-species differences in pathway transduction were seen, including labeling of the intralaminar thalamostriatal projection in rats, but not monkeys. Electron microscopic ultrastructural observations within the basal ganglia revealed GFP labeling in both postsynaptic dendrites and presynaptic axonal terminals; the latter likely derived from anterograde transgene transport in neurons that project to the striatum, and from collaterals of these neurons. Our results suggest that certain neural pathways may be refractory to transduction by retrograde vectors in a species-specific manner, highlighting the need for caution when determining the suitability of a retrograde vector for NHP studies based solely on rodent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Albaugh
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fričová D, Korchak JA, Zubair AC. Challenges and translational considerations of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 33298940 PMCID: PMC7641157 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies, which gives rise to motor and non-motor symptoms. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies for PD merely treat the symptoms of the disease, only temporarily improve the patients' quality of life, and are not sufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. Therefore, cell-based therapies have emerged as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have arisen as a leading contender for cell sources due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Although several studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to mitigate the neurodegenerative pathology of PD, variabilities in preclinical and clinical trials have resulted in inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we strive to highlight the sources of variability in studies using MSCs in PD therapy, including MSC sources, the use of autologous or allogenic MSCs, dose, delivery methods, patient factors, and measures of clinical outcome. Available evidence indicates that while the use of MSCs in PD has largely been promising, conditions need to be standardized so that studies can be effectively compared with one another and experimental designs can be improved upon, such that this body of science can continue to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Fričová
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jennifer A Korchak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that mainly results due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. It is well known that dopamine is synthesized in substantia nigra and is transported to the striatumvianigrostriatal tract. Besides the sporadic forms of PD, there are also familial cases of PD and number of genes (both autosomal dominant as well as recessive) are responsible for PD. There is no permanent cure for PD and to date, L-dopa therapy is considered to be the best option besides having dopamine agonists. In the present review, we have described the genes responsible for PD, the role of dopamine, and treatment strategies adopted for controlling the progression of PD in humans.
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Maurya VK, Kumar S, Kabir R, Shrivastava G, Shanker K, Nayak D, Khurana A, Manchanda RK, Gadugu S, Kar SK, Verma AK, Saxena SK. Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Belladonna. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3937-3954. [PMID: 32662978 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Belladonna has diverse pharmacotherapeutic properties with a shadowy history of beauty, life, and death. Alkaloids present in belladonna have anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antispasmodic, mydriatic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antimicrobial activities, which makes it widely applicable for the treatment of various diseases. However, because of its associated toxicity, the medicinal use of belladonna is debatable. Therefore, an evidence-based systematic review was planned to elucidate the pharmacotherapeutic potential of belladonna. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane database, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "belladonna", "belladonna and clinical trials", and "safety and efficacy of belladonna". Articles published from 1965 to 2020 showing the efficacy of belladonna in diverse clinical conditions are included. The quality of evidence was generated using the GRADE approach, and 20 studies involving 2302 patients were included for the systematic review. Our analyses suggest that belladonna treatment appears to be safe and effective in various disease conditions, including acute encephalitis syndrome, urethral stent pain, myocardial ischemia injury, airway obstructions during sleep in infants, climacteric complaints, irritable bowel syndrome, and throbbing headache. However, better understanding of the dosage and the toxicity of tropane alkaloids of belladonna could make it an efficient remedy for treating diverse medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K. Maurya
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Anil Khurana
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Raj K Manchanda
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Srinivasulu Gadugu
- Department of Medicine, JSPS Government Medical College, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Sujita K. Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Anoop K. Verma
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shailendra K. Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
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48
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Boccella S, Marabese I, Guida F, Luongo L, Maione S, Palazzo E. The Modulation of Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors 7 and 8 in the Dorsal Striatum. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:34-50. [PMID: 31210112 PMCID: PMC7327935 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190618121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum, apart from controlling voluntary movement, displays a recently demonstrated pain inhibition. It is connected to the descending pain modulatory system and in particular to the rostral ventromedial medulla through the medullary dorsal reticular nucleus. Diseases of the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson's disease, in addition to being characterized by motor disorders, are associated with pain and hyperactivation of the excitatory transmission. A way to counteract glutamatergic hyperactivation is through the activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are located on presynaptic terminals inhibiting neurotransmitter release. So far the mGluRs of group III have been the least investigated, owing to a lack of selective tools. More recently, selective ligands for each mGluR of group III, in particular positive and negative allosteric modulators, have been developed and the role of each subtype is starting to emerge. The neuroprotective potential of group III mGluRs in pathological conditions, such as those characterized by elevate glutamate, has been recently shown. In the dorsal striatum, mGluR7 and mGluR8 are located at glutamatergic corticostriatal terminals and their stimulation inhibits pain in pathological conditions such as neuropathic pain. The two receptors in the dorsal striatum have instead a different role in pain control in normal conditions. This review will discuss recent results focusing on the contribution of mGluR7 and mGluR8 in the dorsal striatal control of pain. The role of mGluR4, whose antiparkinsonian activity is widely reported, will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Li HQ, Spitzer NC. Exercise enhances motor skill learning by neurotransmitter switching in the adult midbrain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2195. [PMID: 32366867 PMCID: PMC7198516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise promotes motor skill learning in normal individuals and those with neurological disorders but its mechanism of action is unclear. We find that one week of voluntary wheel running enhances the acquisition of motor skills in normal adult mice. One week of running also induces switching from ACh to GABA expression in neurons in the caudal pedunculopontine nucleus (cPPN). Consistent with regulation of motor skills, we show that the switching neurons make projections to the substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventrolateral-ventromedial nuclei of the thalamus (VL-VM). Use of viral vectors to override transmitter switching blocks the beneficial effect of running on motor skill learning. We suggest that neurotransmitter switching provides the basis by which sustained running benefits motor skill learning, presenting a target for clinical treatment of movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Quan Li
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0357, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0357, USA.
| | - Nicholas C Spitzer
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences and Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0357, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0357, USA.
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50
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Recent advances in dopaminergic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:471-482. [PMID: 32112042 PMCID: PMC7471472 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. However, there is no available therapy reversing the neurodegenerative process of PD. Based on the loss of dopamine or dopaminergic dysfunction in PD patients, most of the current therapies focus on symptomatic relief to improve patient quality of life. As dopamine replacement treatment remains the most effective symptomatic pharmacotherapy for PD, herein we provide an overview of the current pharmacotherapies, summarize the clinical development status of novel dopaminergic agents, and highlight the challenge and opportunity of emerging preclinical dopaminergic approaches aimed at managing the features and progression of PD.
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