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Sonego AB, Prado DS, Uliana DL, Cunha TM, Grace AA, Resstel LBM. Pioglitazone attenuates behavioral and electrophysiological dysfunctions induced by two-hit model of schizophrenia in adult rodent offspring. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 89:28-40. [PMID: 39332147 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Maternal infection and stress exposure, especially during childhood and adolescence, have been implicated as risk factors for schizophrenia. Both insults induce an exacerbated inflammatory response, which could mediate disturbance of neurodevelopmental processes and, ultimately, malfunctioning of neural systems observed in this disorder. Thus, anti-inflammatory drugs, such as PPARγ agonists, may potentially be used to prevent the development of schizophrenia. Microglia culture was prepared from the offspring of saline or poly(I:C)-injected mice. The cells were pretreated with pioglitazone and then, stimulated by LPS. Proinflammatory mediators and phagocytic activity were measured. Also, pregnant rats were injected with saline or poly(I:C) on GD17. The offspring were subjected to footshock during adolescence and subsequently injected with pioglitazone or vehicle. At adulthood, behavior and dopaminergic activity were evaluated. Pioglitazone reduced proinflammatory mediators induced by poly(I:C) microglia stimulated by LPS without affecting their decreased phagocytic activity. The PPARγ agonist also prevented the emergence of social and cognitive impairments, as well as attenuated the increased number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in the VTA, observed in both males and females from poly(I:C) and stress group. Therefore, pioglitazone could potentially prevent the emergence of the schizophrenia-like alterations induced by the two-hit model via reduction of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza B Sonego
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Douglas S Prado
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, The Assembly Building, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela L Uliana
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo B M Resstel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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2
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Galaj E, Bi GH, Xi ZX. β-caryophyllene inhibits heroin self-administration, but does not alter opioid-induced antinociception in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109947. [PMID: 38631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP), a constituent present in a large number of plants, possesses significant therapeutic properties against CNS disorders, including alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. However, it is unknown whether BCP has similar therapeutic potential for opioid use disorders. In this study, we found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats under an FR2 schedule of reinforcement and partially blocked heroin-enhanced brain stimulation reward in DAT-cre mice, maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons at high frequencies. Acute administration of BCP failed to block heroin conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice, but attenuated heroin-induced CPP in females. Furthermore, repeated dosing with BCP for 5 days facilitated the extinction of CPP in female but not male mice. In the hot plate assay, pretreatment with the same doses of BCP failed to enhance or prolong opioid antinociception. Lastly, in a substitution test, BCP replacement for heroin failed to maintain intravenous BCP self-administration, suggesting that BCP itself has no reinforcing properties. These findings suggest that BCP may have certain therapeutic effects against opioid use disorders with fewer unwanted side-effects by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Acuña AM, Park C, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Olive MF. Promising immunomodulators for management of substance and alcohol use disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:867-884. [PMID: 38803314 PMCID: PMC11216154 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2360653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuroimmune system has emerged as a novel target for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), with immunomodulation producing encouraging therapeutic benefits in both preclinical and clinical settings. AREAS COVERED In this review, we describe the mechanism of action and immune response to methamphetamine, opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. We then discuss off-label use of immunomodulators as adjunctive therapeutics in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, demonstrating their potential efficacy in affective and behavioral disorders. We then discuss in detail the mechanism of action and recent findings regarding the use of ibudilast, minocycline, probenecid, dexmedetomidine, pioglitazone, and cannabidiol to treat (SUDs). These immunomodulators are currently being investigated in clinical trials described herein, specifically for their potential to decrease substance use, withdrawal severity, central and peripheral inflammation, comorbid neuropsychiatric disorder symptomology, as well as their ability to improve cognitive outcomes. EXPERT OPINION We argue that although mixed, findings from recent preclinical and clinical studies underscore the potential benefit of immunomodulation in the treatment of the behavioral, cognitive, and inflammatory processes that underlie compulsive substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Acuña
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology Area, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Connor Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonna M. Leyrer-Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology Area, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Cannella N, Tambalo S, Lunerti V, Scuppa G, de Vivo L, Abdulmalek S, Kinen A, Mackle J, Kuhn B, Solberg Woods LC, Chung D, Kalivas P, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Hardiman G, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Long-access heroin self-administration induces region specific reduction of grey matter volume and microglia reactivity in the rat. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:210-220. [PMID: 38452987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In opioid use disorder (OUD) patients, a decrease in brain grey matter volume (GMV) has been reported. It is unclear whether this is the consequence of prolonged exposure to opioids or is a predisposing causal factor in OUD development. To investigate this, we conducted a structural MRI longitudinal study in NIH Heterogeneous Stock rats exposed to heroin self-administration and age-matched naïve controls housed in the same controlled environment. Structural MRI scans were acquired before (MRI1) and after (MRI2) a prolonged period of long access heroin self-administration resulting in escalation of drug intake. Heroin intake resulted in reduced GMV in various cortical and sub-cortical brain regions. In drug-naïve controls no difference was found between MRI1 and MRI2. Notably, the degree of GMV reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula positively correlated with the amount of heroin consumed and the escalation of heroin use. In a preliminary gene expression analysis, we identified a number of transcripts linked to immune response and neuroinflammation. This prompted us to hypothesize a link between changes in microglia homeostasis and loss of GMV. For this reason, we analyzed the number and morphology of microglial cells in the mPFC and insula. The number of neurons and their morphology was also evaluated. The primary motor cortex, where no GMV change was observed, was used as negative control. We found no differences in the number of neurons and microglia cells following heroin. However, in the same regions where reduced GMV was detected, we observed a shift towards a rounder shape and size reduction in microglia, suggestive of their homeostatic change towards a reactive state. Altogether these findings suggest that escalation of heroin intake correlates with loss of GMV in specific brain regions and that this phenomenon is linked to changes in microglial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Tambalo
- CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronica Lunerti
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulia Scuppa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Analia Kinen
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy; Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - James Mackle
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Brittany Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston (SC), USA
| | | | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus (OH), USA
| | - Peter Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston (SC), USA
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Center for Neuroscience, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Martínez-Rivera A, Fetcho RN, Birmingham L, Jiu JX, Yang R, Foord C, Scala-Chávez D, Mekawy N, Pleil K, Pickel VM, Liston C, Castorena CM, Levitz J, Pan YX, Briand LA, Rajadhyaksha AM, Lee FS. Elevating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol blunts opioid reward but not analgesia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.585967. [PMID: 38766079 PMCID: PMC11101127 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.585967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Converging findings have established that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system serves as a possible target for the development of new treatments for pain as a complement to opioid-based treatments. Here we show in male and female mice that enhancing levels of the eCB, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), through pharmacological inhibition of its catabolic enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), either systemically or in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) with JZL184, leads to a substantial attenuation of the rewarding effects of opioids in male and female mice using conditioned place preference and self-administration paradigms, without altering their analgesic properties. These effects are driven by CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) within the VTA as VTA CB1R conditional knockout, counteracts JZL184's effects. Conversely, pharmacologically enhancing the levels of the other eCB, anandamide (AEA), by inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has no effect on opioid reward or analgesia. Using fiber photometry with fluorescent sensors for calcium and dopamine (DA), we find that enhancing 2-AG levels diminishes opioid reward-related nucleus accumbens (NAc) activity and DA neurotransmission. Together these findings reveal that 2-AG counteracts the rewarding properties of opioids and provides a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy for opioid-related analgesic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene Martínez-Rivera
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert N. Fetcho
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lizzie Birmingham
- Department of Psychology, Temple University; Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 19122, USA
| | - Jin X Jiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ruirong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Careen Foord
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diego Scala-Chávez
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Narmin Mekawy
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kristen Pleil
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Virginia M. Pickel
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Conor Liston
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlos M. Castorena
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ying-Xian Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Lisa A. Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University; Neuroscience Program, Temple University, 19122, USA
| | - Anjali M. Rajadhyaksha
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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6
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Grodin EN. Neuroimmune modulators as novel pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 36:100744. [PMID: 38435721 PMCID: PMC10906159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
One promising avenue of research is the use of neuroimmune modulators to treat substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimmune modulators target the interactions between the nervous system and immune system, which have been found to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of SUDs. Multiple classes of substances produce alterations to neuroimmune signaling and peripheral immune function, including alcohol, opioids, and psychostimulants Preclinical studies have shown that neuroimmune modulators can reduce drug-seeking behavior and prevent relapse in animal models of SUDs. Additionally, early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using neuroimmune modulators as a treatment for SUDs in humans. These therapeutics can be used as stand-alone treatments or as adjunctive. This review summarizes the current state of the field and provides future directions with a specific focus on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Cannella N, Tambalo S, Lunerti V, Scuppa G, de Vivo L, Abdulmalek S, Kinen A, Mackle J, Kuhn B, Solberg Woods LC, Chung D, Kalivas P, Soverchia L, Ubaldi M, Hardiman G, Bifone A, Ciccocioppo R. Long-access heroin self-administration induces region specific reduction of grey matter volume and microglia reactivity in the rat. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582024. [PMID: 38463974 PMCID: PMC10925188 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In opioid use disorder (OUD) patients, a decrease in brain grey matter volume (GMV) has been reported. It is unclear whether this is the consequence of prolonged exposure to opioids or is a predisposing causal factor in OUD development. To investigate this, we conducted a structural MRI longitudinal study in NIH Heterogeneous Stock rats exposed to heroin self-administration and age-matched naïve controls housed in the same controlled environment. Structural MRI scans were acquired before (MRI 1 ) and after (MRI 2 ) a prolonged period of long access heroin self-administration resulting in escalation of drug intake. Heroin intake resulted in reduced GMV in various cortical and sub-cortical brain regions. In drug-naïve controls no difference was found between MRI 1 and MRI 2 . Notably, the degree of GMV reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the insula positively correlated with the amount of heroin consumed and the escalation of heroin use. In a preliminary gene expression analysis, we identified a number of transcripts linked to immune response and neuroinflammation. This prompted us to hypothesize a link between changes in microglia homeostasis and loss of GMV. For this reason, we analyzed the number and morphology of microglial cells in the mPFC and insula. The number of neurons and their morphology was also evaluated. The primary motor cortex, where no GMV change was observed, was used as negative control. We found no differences in the number of neurons and microglia cells following heroin. However, in the same regions where reduced GMV was detected, we observed a shift towards a rounder shape and size reduction in microglia, suggestive of their homeostatic change towards a reactive state. Altogether these findings suggest that escalation of heroin intake correlates with loss of GMV in specific brain regions and that this phenomenon is linked to changes in microglial morphology.
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8
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Barrett JE, Shekarabi A, Inan S. Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1062-1118. [PMID: 37321860 PMCID: PMC10595024 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid, has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used therapeutically due to the occurrence of convulsions at higher doses, it has been converted to a number of other widely used compounds that include naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. Despite the early identification of oxycodone, it was not until the 1990s that clinical studies began to explore its analgesic efficacy. These studies were followed by the pursuit of several preclinical studies to examine the analgesic effects and abuse liability of oxycodone in laboratory animals and the subjective effects in human volunteers. For a number of years oxycodone was at the forefront of the opioid crisis, playing a significant role in contributing to opioid misuse and abuse, with suggestions that it led to transitioning to other opioids. Several concerns were expressed as early as the 1940s that oxycodone had significant abuse potential similar to heroin and morphine. Both animal and human abuse liability studies have confirmed, and in some cases amplified, these early warnings. Despite sharing a similar structure with morphine and pharmacological actions also mediated by the μ-opioid receptor, there are several differences in the pharmacology and neurobiology of oxycodone. The data that have emerged from the many efforts to analyze the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of oxycodone have generated considerable insight into its many actions, reviewed here, which, in turn, have provided new information on opioid receptor pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxycodone, a μ-opioid receptor agonist, was synthesized in 1916 and introduced into clinical use in Germany in 1917. It has been studied extensively as a therapeutic analgesic for acute and chronic neuropathic pain as an alternative to morphine. Oxycodone emerged as a drug with widespread abuse. This article brings together an integrated, detailed review of the pharmacology of oxycodone, preclinical and clinical studies of pain and abuse, and recent advances to identify potential opioid analgesics without abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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9
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Hempel B, Crissman M, Pari S, Klein B, Bi GH, Alton H, Xi ZX. PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in midbrain dopamine neurons and modulate dopamine- and cannabinoid-mediated behavior in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4203-4214. [PMID: 37479780 PMCID: PMC10799974 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate gene expression. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a PPARγ agonist and some endocannabinoids are natural activators of PPARα and PPARγ. However, little is known regarding their cellular distributions in the brain and functional roles in cannabinoid action. Here, we first used RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays to examine the cellular distributions of PPARα and PPARγ expression in the mouse brain. We found that PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in ~70% of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. In the amygdala, PPARα is expressed in ~60% of glutamatergic neurons, while PPARγ is expressed in ~60% of GABA neurons. However, no PPARα/γ signal was detected in GABA neurons in the nucleus accumbens. We then used a series of behavioral assays to determine the functional roles of PPARα/γ in the CNS effects of Δ9-THC. We found that optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) in DAT-cre mice. Δ9-THC and a PPARγ (but not PPARα) agonist dose-dependently inhibited oICSS. Pretreatment with PPARα or PPARγ antagonists attenuated the Δ9-THC-induced reduction in oICSS and Δ9-THC-induced anxiogenic effects. In addition, a PPARγ agonist increased, while PPARα or PPARγ antagonists decreased open-field locomotion. Pretreatment with PPARα or PPARγ antagonists potentiated Δ9-THC-induced hypoactivity and catalepsy but failed to alter Δ9-THC-induced analgesia, hypothermia and immobility. These findings provide the first anatomical and functional evidence supporting an important role of PPARα/γ in DA-dependent behavior and cannabinoid action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Hempel
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madeline Crissman
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sruti Pari
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Alton
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Beldjoud H, Avelar A, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Velarde N, Boomhower B, Rizo N, Carrette LLG, George O. Chronic administration of a norepinephrine antagonist prevents and partially reverses escalation of cocaine self-administration. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13316. [PMID: 37644893 PMCID: PMC10614571 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a critical component of the development and maintenance of drug addiction; however, anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines and beta-blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) are not used for the treatment of substance use disorder, except for the management of acute withdrawal syndrome. Preclinical studies have shown that beta-blockers may reduce stress-induced relapse; however, the effect of beta blockers on the escalation and maintenance of drug intake has not been tested. To address this issue, we chronically administered the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol during the escalation or maintenance of cocaine intake in a model of extended access (6 h) to cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg). The behavioural specificity of propranolol was tested using a non-drug reward (saccharin). Daily administration of propranolol (15 mg/kg) prevented the development of escalation of cocaine self-administration and partially reversed self-administration after the establishment of escalation of intake. Moreover, propranolol dose-dependently decreased the motivation for cocaine tested under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement during the development of escalation and after maintenance. Finally, propranolol administration had no effect on the escalation and maintenance of saccharin self-administration. These results demonstrate that chronic treatment with propranolol provides therapeutic efficacy in reducing cocaine self-administration during the development and after the establishment of escalation of cocaine self-administration in an animal model relevant to cocaine use disorder. These results suggest that beta blockers should be further investigated as a target for medication development for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Beldjoud
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alicia Avelar
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Velarde
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brent Boomhower
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Rizo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lieselot L G Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Xi ZX, Hempel B, Crissman M, Pari S, Klein B, Bi GH, Alton H. PPARα and PPARγ are expressed in midbrain dopamine neurons and modulate dopamine- and cannabinoid-mediated behavior in mice. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2614714. [PMID: 36909477 PMCID: PMC10002816 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2614714/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate gene expression. Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) is a PPARg agonist and some endocannabinoids are natural activators of PPAR a and PPARg. Therefore, both the receptors are putative cannabinoid receptors. However, little is known regarding their cellular distributions in the brain and functional roles in cannabinoid action. Here we first used RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry assays to examine the cellular distributions of PPARα and PPARγ expression in the mouse brain. We found that PPARα and PPARγ are highly expressed in ~70% midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons and in ~50% GABAergic and ~50% glutamatergic neurons in the amygdala. However, no PPARα/γ signal was detected in GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens. We then used a series of behavioral assays to determine the functional roles of PPARα/γ in the CNS effects of Δ 9 -THC. We found that optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation (oICSS) in DAT-cre mice. Δ 9 -THC and a PPARγ (but not PPARα) agonist dose-dependently inhibited oICSS, suggesting that dopaminergic PPARγ modulates DA-dependent behavior. Surprisingly, pretreatment with PPARα or PPARγ antagonists dose-dependently attenuated the Δ 9 -THC-induced reduction in oICSS and anxiogenic effects. In addition, a PPARγ agonist increased, while PPARa or PPARγ antagonists decreased open-field locomotion. Pretreatment with PPARa or PPARγ antagonists potentiated Δ 9 -THC-induced hypoactivity and catalepsy but failed to alter Δ 9 -THC-induced analgesia, hypothermia and immobility. These findings provide the first anatomical and functional evidence supporting an important role of PPARa/g in DA-dependent behavior and cannabinoid action.
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12
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Asth L, Cruz LC, Soyombo N, Rigo P, Moreira FA. Effects of β -caryophyllene, A Dietary Cannabinoid, in Animal Models of Drug Addiction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:213-218. [PMID: 36173065 PMCID: PMC10190141 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in Cannabis and other plants. BCP is currently used as a food additive, although pharmacological studies suggest its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of certain brain disorders. The mechanisms of action of BCP remain uncertain, possibly including full agonism at the cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R). OBJECTIVE The study aims to investigate BCP's potential as a new drug for the treatment of substance use disorders by reviewing preclinical studies with animal models. RESULTS BCP has been investigated in behavioral paradigms, including drug self-administration, conditioned place preference, and intracranial self-stimulation; the drugs tested were cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and methamphetamine. Remarkably, BCP prevented or reversed behavioral changes resulting from drug exposure. As expected, the mechanism of action entails CB2R activation, although this is unlikely to constitute the only molecular target to explain such effects. Another potential target is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. CONCLUSION Preclinical studies have reported promising results with BCP in animal models of substance use disorders. Further research, including studies in humans, are warranted to establish its therapeutic potential and its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Soyombo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rigo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A. Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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13
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Kourosh-Arami M, Gholami M, Alavi-Kakhki SS, Komaki A. Neural correlates and potential targets for the contribution of orexin to addiction in cortical and subcortical areas. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102259. [PMID: 35714437 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The orexin (hypocretin) is one of the hypothalamic neuropeptides that plays a critical role in some behaviors including feeding, sleep, arousal, reward processing, and drug addiction. This variety of functions can be described by a united function for orexins in translating states of heightened motivation, for example during physiological requirement states or following exposure to reward opportunities, into planned goal-directed behaviors. An addicted state is characterized by robust activation of orexin neurons from the environment, which triggers downstream circuits to facilitate behavior directed towards obtaining the drug. Two orexin receptors 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) are widely distributed in the brain. Here, we will introduce and describe the cortical and subcortical brain areas involved in addictive-like behaviors and the impact of orexin on addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Seyed Sajjad Alavi-Kakhki
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Karimi-Haghighi S, Razavi Y, Iezzi D, Scheyer AF, Manzoni O, Haghparast A. Cannabidiol and substance use disorder: Dream or reality. Neuropharmacology 2022; 207:108948. [PMID: 35032495 PMCID: PMC9157244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major constituents of Cannabis sativa L. that lacks psychotomimetic and rewarding properties and inhibits the rewarding and reinforcing effects of addictive drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine (METH), and morphine. Additionally, CBD's safety profile and therapeutic potential are currently evaluated in several medical conditions, including pain, depression, movement disorders, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, and substance use disorder. There is no effective treatment for substance use disorders such as addiction, and this review aims to describe preclinical and clinical investigations into the effects of CBD in various models of opioid, psychostimulant, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine abuse. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of CBD on drug abuse disorders are reviewed. METHODS The current review considers and summarizes the preclinical and clinical investigations into CBD's effects in various models of drug abuse include opioids, psychostimulants, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine. RESULTS Several preclinical and clinical studies have proposed that CBD may be a reliable agent to inhibit the reinforcing and rewarding impact of drugs. CONCLUSIONS While the currently available evidence converges to suggest that CBD could effectively reduce the rewarding and reinforcing effects of addictive drugs, more preclinical and clinical studies are needed before CBD can be added to the therapeutic arsenal for treating addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Karimi-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Razavi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Iezzi
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew F Scheyer
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Manzoni
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Saleh M, Markovic M, Olson KE, Gendelman HE, Mosley RL. Therapeutic Strategies for Immune Transformation in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S201-S222. [PMID: 35871362 PMCID: PMC9535567 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity can lead to alpha-synuclein (α-syn) misfolding, aggregation, and post-translational modifications in Parkinson's disease (PD). This process is driven by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which can contribute to the release of neurotoxic oligomers that facilitate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Strategies that promote vaccines and antibodies target the clearance of misfolded, modified α-syn, while gene therapy approaches propose to deliver intracellular single chain nanobodies to mitigate α-syn misfolding, or to deliver neurotrophic factors that support neuronal viability in an otherwise neurotoxic environment. Additionally, transformative immune responses provide potential targets for PD therapeutics. Anti-inflammatory drugs represent one strategy that principally affects innate immunity. Considerable research efforts have focused on transforming the balance of pro-inflammatory effector T cells (Teffs) to favor regulatory T cell (Treg) activity, which aims to attenuate neuroinflammation and support reparative and neurotrophic homeostasis. This approach serves to control innate microglial neurotoxic activities and may facilitate clearance of α-syn aggregates accordingly. More recently, changes in the intestinal microbiome have been shown to alter the gut-immune-brain axis leading to suppressed leakage of bacterial products that can promote peripheral inflammation and α-syn misfolding. Together, each of the approaches serves to interdict chronic inflammation associated with disordered immunity and neurodegeneration. Herein, we examine research strategies aimed at improving clinical outcomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamoon Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Milica Markovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Rahman S, Rahman ZI, Ronan PJ, Lutfy K, Bell RL. Adolescent opioid abuse: Role of glial and neuroimmune mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:147-165. [PMID: 34801168 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are widely prescribed for pain management, and prescription opioid misuse in adolescents has become a major epidemic in the United States and worldwide. Emerging data indicate that adolescence represents a critical period of brain development, and exposure to opioids during adolescence may increase the risk of addiction in adulthood. There is growing evidence that disruptions in brain glial function may be implicated in numerous chronic neuropathologies. Evidence suggests that glial mechanisms have an important role in the development and maintenance of opioid abuse and the risk for addiction. This review will describe glial and neuroimmune mechanisms involved in opioid use disorders during adolescence, which may increase substance use disorder liability later in life. Moreover, this review will identify some important neuro-glial targets, involved in opioid abuse and addiction, to develop future preventions and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.
| | - Z I Rahman
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - P J Ronan
- Department of Psychiatry and Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Healthcare System, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - K Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - R L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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17
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Seney ML, Kim SM, Glausier JR, Hildebrand MA, Xue X, Zong W, Wang J, Shelton MA, Phan BN, Srinivasan C, Pfenning AR, Tseng GC, Lewis DA, Freyberg Z, Logan RW. Transcriptional Alterations in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Implicate Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Remodeling in Opioid Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:550-562. [PMID: 34380600 PMCID: PMC8463497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) have increased dramatically, accompanied by a surge of overdose deaths. While opioid dependence has been extensively studied in preclinical models, an understanding of the biological alterations that occur in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and who are diagnosed with OUD remains limited. To address this limitation, RNA sequencing was conducted on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, regions heavily implicated in OUD, from postmortem brains in subjects with OUD. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens from unaffected comparison subjects (n = 20) and subjects diagnosed with OUD (n = 20). Our transcriptomic analyses identified differentially expressed transcripts and investigated the transcriptional coherence between brain regions using rank-rank hypergeometric orderlap. Weighted gene coexpression analyses identified OUD-specific modules and gene networks. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and genome-wide association study datasets using linkage disequilibrium scores assessed the genetic liability of psychiatric-related phenotypes in OUD. RESULTS Rank-rank hypergeometric overlap analyses revealed extensive overlap in transcripts between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in OUD, related to synaptic remodeling and neuroinflammation. Identified transcripts were enriched for factors that control proinflammatory cytokine, chondroitin sulfate, and extracellular matrix signaling. Cell-type deconvolution implicated a role for microglia as a potential driver for opioid-induced neuroplasticity. Linkage disequilibrium score analysis suggested genetic liabilities for risky behavior, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression in subjects with OUD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest connections between the brain's immune system and opioid dependence in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne L Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Adolescent Reward, Rhythms, and Sleep, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiebiao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chaitanya Srinivasan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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18
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Repurposing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101025. [PMID: 34681249 PMCID: PMC8538250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common pathophysiological mechanisms have emerged for different neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, mechanisms of oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, and altered metabolic pathways converge and cause neuronal and non-neuronal maladaptative phenomena, which underlie multifaceted brain disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors modulating, among others, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective genes in diverse tissues. Both endogenous and synthetic PPAR agonists are approved treatments for metabolic and systemic disorders, such as diabetes, fatty liver disease, and dyslipidemia(s), showing high tolerability and safety profiles. Considering that some PPAR-acting drugs permeate through the blood-brain barrier, the possibility to extend their scope from the periphery to central nervous system has gained interest in recent years. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence that PPARs possibly exert a neuroprotective role, thereby providing a rationale for repurposing PPAR-targeting drugs to counteract several diseases affecting the central nervous system.
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19
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Dieperink E, Hauser P, Dockter K, Miranda J, Evenson M, Thuras P. Reduced alcohol use in patients prescribed pioglitazone. Am J Addict 2021; 30:570-577. [PMID: 34414623 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently approved medications are moderately effective. Novel medications are needed to address AUD. Preliminary data suggests pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use. METHODS Veterans seen at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System, who were prescribed pioglitazone for diabetes between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016, were identified using a national VA database (N = 49). Further chart review was performed to identify all Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores prior to starting pioglitazone. Hierarchical Linear models were used to compare all AUDIT-C scores on and off pioglitazone and compare the change in AUDIT-C scores over time before and during pioglitazone was prescribed. AUDIT-C scores were nested within subject with fixed effects for pioglitazone and random intercept and slope for time. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were prescribed pioglitazone and had AUDIT-C scores of 3 or more. The estimated mean AUDIT-C score prior to receiving pioglitazone was 3.98 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.51-4.44) and this was reduced to 2.89 (95% CI: 2.46-3.32), reflecting a significant change F(1, 323) = 43.3, p < .001 in the score. The primary reduction occurred within the first year of the pioglitazone prescription. This effect remained significant after controlling for age. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study of pioglitazone used in a clinical sample focused on alcohol use outcome. The data show that pioglitazone may reduce alcohol use in patients with heavy drinking. Clinical trials of pioglitazone are warranted in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dieperink
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota-Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Hauser
- Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Long Beach, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kathryn Dockter
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Juan Miranda
- Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Meredith Evenson
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Thuras
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota-Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Vitale RM, Iannotti FA, Amodeo P. The (Poly)Pharmacology of Cannabidiol in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4876. [PMID: 34062987 PMCID: PMC8124847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive Cannabis constituent, has been proposed for the treatment of a wide panel of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy and drug addiction due to the ability of its versatile scaffold to interact with diverse molecular targets that are not restricted to the endocannabinoid system. Albeit the molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of CBD have yet to be fully elucidated, many efforts have been devoted in the last decades to shed light on its complex pharmacological profile. In particular, an ever-increasing number of molecular targets linked to those disorders have been identified for this phytocannabinoid, along with the modulatory effects of CBD on their cascade signaling. In this view, here we will try to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the molecular basis underlying the therapeutic effects of CBD involved in the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; (F.A.I.); (P.A.)
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; (F.A.I.); (P.A.)
- Endocannabinoid Research Group (ERG), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy; (F.A.I.); (P.A.)
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21
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Pantazis CB, Gonzalez LA, Tunstall BJ, Carmack SA, Koob GF, Vendruscolo LF. Cues conditioned to withdrawal and negative reinforcement: Neglected but key motivational elements driving opioid addiction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabf0364. [PMID: 33827822 PMCID: PMC8026136 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating disorder that affects millions of people. Neutral cues can acquire motivational properties when paired with the positive emotional effects of drug intoxication to stimulate relapse. However, much less research has been devoted to cues that become conditioned to the aversive effects of opioid withdrawal. We argue that environmental stimuli promote motivation for opioids when cues are paired with withdrawal (conditioned withdrawal) and generate opioid consumption to terminate conditioned withdrawal (conditioned negative reinforcement). We review evidence that cues associated with pain drive opioid consumption, as patients with chronic pain may misuse opioids to escape physical and emotional pain. We highlight sex differences in withdrawal-induced stress reactivity and withdrawal cue processing and discuss neurocircuitry that may underlie withdrawal cue processing in dependent individuals. These studies highlight the importance of studying cues associated with withdrawal in dependent individuals and point to areas for exploration in OUD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Pantazis
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Luis A Gonzalez
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan J Tunstall
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Carmack
- Center for Adaptive Systems of Brain-Body Interactions, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Galaj E, Bi GH, Moore A, Chen K, He Y, Gardner E, Xi ZX. Beta-caryophyllene inhibits cocaine addiction-related behavior by activation of PPARα and PPARγ: repurposing a FDA-approved food additive for cocaine use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:860-870. [PMID: 33069159 PMCID: PMC8026612 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse continues to be a serious health problem worldwide. Despite intense research, there is still no FDA-approved medication to treat cocaine use disorder (CUD). In this report, we explored the potential utility of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), an FDA-approved food additive for the treatment of CUD. We found that BCP, when administered intraperitoneally or intragastrically, dose-dependently attenuated cocaine self-administration, cocaine-conditioned place preference, and cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking in rats. In contrast, BCP failed to alter food self-administration or cocaine-induced hyperactivity. It also failed to maintain self-administration in a drug substitution test, suggesting that BCP has no abuse potential. BCP was previously reported to be a selective CB2 receptor agonist. Unexpectedly, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors in gene-knockout mice failed to alter BCP's action against cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of non-CB1, non-CB2, and non-GPR55 receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of μ opioid receptor or Toll-like receptors complex failed to alter, while blockade of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ) reversed BCP-induced reduction in cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of PPARα and PPARγ in BCP's action. Finally, we used electrical and optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation (eICSS, oICSS) paradigms to study the underlying neural substrate mechanisms. We found that BCP is more effective in attenuation of cocaine-enhanced oICSS than eICSS, the former driven by optical activation of midbrain dopamine neurons in DAT-cre mice. These findings indicate that BCP may be useful for the treatment of CUD, likely by stimulation of PPARα and PPARγ in the mesolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Allamar Moore
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Kai Chen
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.413247.7Present Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 China
| | - Yi He
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Eliot Gardner
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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23
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Stopponi S, Fotio Y, Cifani C, Li H, Haass-Koffler CL, Cannella N, Demopulos G, Gaitanaris G, Ciccocioppo R. Andrographis paniculata and Its Main Bioactive Ingredient Andrographolide Decrease Alcohol Drinking and Seeking in Rats Through Activation of Nuclear PPARγ Pathway. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:240-249. [PMID: 33401299 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. Extracts from this plant have shown hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, at least in part, through activation of the nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR γ). Recent evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats. METHODS The present study evaluated whether A. paniculata reduces alcohol drinking and relapse in msP rats by activating PPARγ. RESULTS Oral administration of an A. paniculata dried extract (0, 15, 150 mg/kg) lowered voluntary alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent manner and achieved ~65% reduction at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Water and food consumption were not affected by the treatment. Administration of Andrographolide (5 and 10 mg/kg), the main active component of A. paniculata, also reduced alcohol drinking. This effect was suppressed by the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Subsequently, we showed that oral administration of A. paniculata (0, 150, 450 mg/kg) prevented yohimbine- but not cues-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. CONCLUSIONS Results point to A. paniculata-mediated PPARγactivation as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Yannick Fotio
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, 807 Health Science Road, 92617 Irvine, USA
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan An Road, Chao Yang District, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gregory Demopulos
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA
| | - George Gaitanaris
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA.,Omeros Corporation, 201 Elliot Avenue West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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24
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Galaj E, Xi ZX. Progress in opioid reward research: From a canonical two-neuron hypothesis to two neural circuits. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 200:173072. [PMID: 33227308 PMCID: PMC7796909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse and related overdose deaths continue to rise in the United States, contributing to the national opioid crisis in the USA. The neural mechanisms underlying opioid abuse and addiction are still not fully understood. This review discusses recent progress in basic research dissecting receptor mechanisms and circuitries underlying opioid reward and addiction. We first review the canonical GABA-dopamine neuron hypothesis that was upheld for half a century, followed by major findings challenging this hypothesis. We then focus on recent progress in research evaluating the role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine circuitries in opioid reward and relapse. Based on recent findings that activation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is equally rewarding and that GABA neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) and the substantia nigra pars reticula (SNr) are rich in mu opioid receptors and directly synapse onto midbrain DA neurons, we proposed that the RTMg→VTA → ventrostriatal and SNr → SNc → dorsostriatal pathways may act as the two major neural substrates underlying opioid reward and abuse. Lastly, we discuss possible integrations of these two pathways during initial opioid use, development of opioid abuse and maintenance of compulsive opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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25
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Verster JC, Scholey A, Dahl TA, Iversen JM. Functional observation after morphine withdrawal: effects of SJP-005. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1449-1460. [PMID: 33555386 PMCID: PMC8139893 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE SJP-005 (ketotifen and ibuprofen) is being developed as a potential new treatment for opioid withdrawal. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the early phase (acute, day 1) and late phase (days 2-12) effects of SJP-005 on discontinuation-induced morphine withdrawal. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous morphine twice daily for 18 days and ceased on day 19. Twice daily, oral dosages of placebo or SJP-005 (1 mg/kg ketotifen and 15 mg/kg ibuprofen) were administered starting 4 days before (study 1), 2 days before (study 2), or immediately after (study 3) morphine cessation. Functional observations were made up to 12 h after treatment cessation on day 19 (early phase), and immediately after treatment on days 20-30 (late phase). Treatment effects (mean overall score, and individual symptoms) were compared with placebo using ANOVA, and Tukey's tests in case of multiple comparisons. RESULTS Across the studies, the number of withdrawal signs on day 19 (early phase) and days 20-30 (late phase) was lower with SJP-005 compared with placebo. The effects of SJP-005 when treatment was initiated 2 days before morphine cessation by discontinuation were most pronounced and statistically significant in the late phase (F(1,18) = 14.10, p = 0.001). In particular, a significant reduction was observed in hypersensitivity to touch (F(1,18) = 13.65, p = 0.002). A 50% reduction in withdrawal symptoms was observed 9.0 days after placebo versus 4.5 days after SJP-005. After 9.0 days, all withdrawal symptoms were absent in the SJP-005 group, while symptoms in the placebo group were still evident on day 18. CONCLUSION Compared to placebo, SJP-005 significantly reduced the incidence and duration of discontinuation-induced morphine withdrawal symptoms when treatment was initiated 2 days before morphine cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122 Australia ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Psychopharmacology, Utrecht University, Po Box 80082, 3508TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Thomas A. Dahl
- Sen-Jam Pharmaceutical, 223 Wall St., #130, Huntington, NY 11743 USA
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26
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Fotio Y, Borruto AM, Benvenuti F, Demopulos G, Gaitanaris G, Roberto M, Ciccocioppo R. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking by modulating multiple mesocorticolimbic regions in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:360-367. [PMID: 32610339 PMCID: PMC7852659 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is an intracellular transcription factor whose signaling activation by the selective agonist pioglitazone reduces alcohol drinking and alcohol-seeking behavior in rats. The present study utilized the two-bottle choice and operant self-administration procedures to investigate neuroanatomical substrates that mediate the effects of PPARγ agonism on alcohol drinking and seeking in msP rats. Bilateral infusions of pioglitazone (0, 5, and 10 μg/μl) in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) decreased voluntary alcohol drinking and alcohol self-administration. Microinjections of pioglitazone in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), central amygdala (CeA), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell had no such effect. Notably, water, food, and saccharin consumption was unaltered by either treatment. The yohimbine-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking was prevented by infusions of pioglitazone (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/μl) in the CeA, VTA, and RMTg but not in the NAc shell. These results emphasize the involvement of mesocorticolimbic circuitries in mediating the effects of PPARγ agonists on alcohol drinking and seeking. These results will facilitate future studies that investigate the pathophysiological role of PPARγ in alcohol use disorder and help clarify the mechanisms by which the activation of this receptor decreases the motivation for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Fotio
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Anna Maria Borruto
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marisa Roberto
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy.
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27
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CRH CeA→VTA inputs inhibit the positive ensembles to induce negative effect of opiate withdrawal. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6170-6186. [PMID: 34642456 PMCID: PMC8760059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is critical for establishment of drug dependence. However, the remodeling of the circuits mediating the transition between positive and negative effect remains unclear. Here, we used neuronal activity-dependent labeling technique to characterize and temporarily control the VTA neuronal ensembles recruited by the initial morphine exposure (morphine-positive ensembles, Mor-Ens). Mor-Ens preferentially projected to NAc, and induced dopamine-dependent positive reinforcement. Electrophysiology and rabies viral tracing revealed the preferential connections between the VTA-projective corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of central amygdala (CRHCeA→VTA) and Mor-Ens, which was enhanced after escalating morphine exposure and mediated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. Pharmacologic intervention or CRISPR-mediated repression of CRHR1 in Mor-Ens weakened the inhibitory CRHCeA→VTA inputs, and alleviated the negative effect during opiate withdrawal. These data suggest that neurons encoding opioid reward experience are inhibited by enhanced CRHCeA→VTA inputs induced by chronic morphine exposure, leading to negative effect during opiate withdrawal, and provide new insight into the pathological changes in VTA plasticity after drug abuse and mechanism of opiate dependence.
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28
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Ciccocioppo R, Ubaldi M. Nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegeneration and dependence elicited by drugs of abuse. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:984-985. [PMID: 33229744 PMCID: PMC8178789 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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29
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Jung T, Hudson R, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Functional interactions between cannabinoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Implications for mental health pharmacotherapies. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:1088-1100. [PMID: 33108021 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis contains a plethora of phytochemical constituents with diverse neurobiological effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non-psychotropic component found in cannabis that is capable of modulating mesocorticolimbic DA transmission and may possess therapeutic potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence also suggests that, similar to CBD, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may regulate DA transmission and possess therapeutic potential for similar neuropsychiatric disorders. Although progress has been made to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic properties of CBD and omega-3s, it remains unclear through which receptor mechanisms they may produce their purported effects. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are a group of nuclear transcription factors with multiple isoforms. PPARγ is an isoform activated by both CBD and omega-3, whereas the PPARα isoform is activated by omega-3. Interestingly, the activation of PPARγ and PPARα with selective agonists has been shown to decrease mesocorticolimbic DA activity and block neuropsychiatric symptoms similar to CBD and omega-3s, raising the possibility that CBD and omega-3s produce their effects through PPAR signaling. This review will examine the relationship between CBD, omega-3s, and PPARs and how they may be implicated in the modulation of mesocorticolimbic DAergic abnormalities and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jung
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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30
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Schwandt ML, Diazgranados N, Umhau JC, Kwako LE, George DT, Heilig M. PPARγ activation by pioglitazone does not suppress cravings for alcohol, and is associated with a risk of myopathy in treatment seeking alcohol dependent patients: a randomized controlled proof of principle study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2367-2380. [PMID: 32445052 PMCID: PMC11018293 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proinflammatory processes have been implicated in alcohol addiction, craving, and relapse, while studies in experimental animals have suggested that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibits proinflammatory signaling. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that medications with PPARγ activity may have therapeutic potential in alcohol dependence. OBJECTIVES We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled mechanistic proof of principle study in alcohol-dependent inpatients to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on alcohol craving. METHODS Participants were treated for withdrawal, if needed, and then randomized to pioglitazone (target dose 45 mg/day) or placebo. Once at target dose, they completed two experimental manipulations: guided imagery, which used personalized auditory scripts to induce alcohol cravings, and a low-dose challenge with i.v. lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.8 ng/kg) or placebo, on two separate sessions, in counterbalanced order. Behavioral and endocrine responses as well as CSF levels of proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS The study was prematurely terminated after randomization of 16 subjects, following an independent review that established a high risk of myopathy in the active treatment group. Analysis of those who completed the study indicated that pioglitazone was associated with elevated, rather than suppressed alcohol cravings in response to alcohol-associated stimuli. LPS did not induce cravings for alcohol and thus did not lend itself to evaluating pioglitazone effects; however, pioglitazone increased the neuroendocrine stress response to LPS. CSF levels of IL-6, TNF-α, or MCP-1 were unaffected by pioglitazone treatment. CONCLUSIONS Both safety and efficacy biomarker data suggest that pioglitazone lacks potential as a medication for the treatment of alcohol dependence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01631630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, CRC 1-5330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, CRC 1-5330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John C Umhau
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), United States Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura E Kwako
- Division of Treatment and Recovery Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David T George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 10 Center Drive, CRC 1-5330, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
The pervasive and devastating nature of substance use disorders underlies the need for the continued development of novel pharmacotherapies. We now know that glia play a much greater role in neuronal processes than once believed. The various types of glial cells (e.g., astrocytes, microglial, oligodendrocytes) participate in numerous functions that are crucial to healthy central nervous system function. Drugs of abuse have been shown to interact with glia in ways that directly contribute to the pharmacodynamic effects responsible for their abuse potential. Through their effect upon glia, drugs of abuse also alter brain function resulting in behavioral changes associated with substance use disorders. Therefore, drug-induced changes in glia and inflammation within the central nervous system (neuroinflammation) have been investigated to treat various aspects of drug abuse and dependence. This article presents a brief overview of the effects of each of the major classes of addictive drugs on glia. Next, the paper reviews the pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing the effects that glial modulators have on abuse-related behavioral effects, such as pleasure, withdrawal, and motivation. There is a strong body of pre-clinical literature demonstrating the general effectiveness of several glia-modulating drugs in models of reward and relapse. Clinical studies have also yielded promising results, though not as robust. There is still much to disentangle regarding the integration between addictive drugs and glial cells. Improved understanding of the relationship between glia and the pathophysiology of drug abuse should allow for more precise exploration in the development and testing of glial-directed treatments for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D. Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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32
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Kokane SS, Perrotti LI. Sex Differences and the Role of Estradiol in Mesolimbic Reward Circuits and Vulnerability to Cocaine and Opiate Addiction. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:74. [PMID: 32508605 PMCID: PMC7251038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both men and women become addicted to drugs of abuse, women transition to addiction faster, experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent, and relapse more often than men. In both humans and rodents, hormonal cycles are associated with females' faster progression to addiction. Higher concentrations and fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in females modulate the mesolimbic reward system and influence reward-directed behavior. For example, in female rodents, estradiol (E2) influences dopamine activity within the mesolimbic reward system such that drug-directed behaviors that are normally rewarding and reinforcing become enhanced when circulating levels of E2 are high. Therefore, neuroendocrine interactions, in part, explain sex differences in behaviors motivated by drug reward. Here, we review sex differences in the physiology and function of the mesolimbic reward system in order to explore the notion that sex differences in response to drugs of abuse, specifically cocaine and opiates, are the result of molecular neuroadaptations that differentially develop depending upon the hormonal state of the animal. We also reconsider the notion that ovarian hormones, specifically estrogen/estradiol, sensitize target neurons thereby increasing responsivity when under the influence of either cocaine or opiates or in response to exposure to drug-associated cues. These adaptations may ultimately serve to guide the motivational behaviors that underlie the factors that cause women to be more vulnerable to cocaine and opiate addiction than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Kokane
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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33
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Matheson J, Le Foll B. Therapeutic Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists in Substance Use Disorders: A Synthesis of Preclinical and Human Evidence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051196. [PMID: 32408505 PMCID: PMC7291117 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has received increasing interest as a potential strategy to treat substance use disorders due to the localization of PPARs in addiction-related brain regions and the ability of PPAR ligands to modulate dopamine neurotransmission. Robust evidence from animal models suggests that agonists at both the PPAR-α and PPAR-γ isoforms can reduce both positive and negative reinforcing properties of ethanol, nicotine, opioids, and possibly psychostimulants. A reduction in the voluntary consumption of ethanol following treatment with PPAR agonists seems to be the most consistent finding. However, the human evidence is limited in scope and has so far been less promising. There have been no published human trials of PPAR agonists for treatment of alcohol use disorder, despite the compelling preclinical evidence. Two trials of PPAR-α agonists as potential smoking cessation drugs found no effect on nicotine-related outcomes. The PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone showed some promise in reducing heroin, nicotine, and cocaine craving in two human laboratory studies and one pilot trial, yet other outcomes were unaffected. Potential explanations for the discordance between the animal and human evidence, such as the potency and selectivity of PPAR ligands and sex-related variability in PPAR physiology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada;
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 34727)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada;
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
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Kimbrough A, Kononoff J, Simpson S, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Palomino K, Conlisk D, Momper JD, de Guglielmo G, George O. Oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1545-1555. [PMID: 32114633 PMCID: PMC7269712 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Over the last decade, oxycodone has become one of the most widely abused drugs in the USA. Oxycodone use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has prompted a need to develop animal models of OUD that have both face and predictive validity. Oxycodone use in humans is more prevalent in women and leads to pronounced hyperalgesia and irritability during withdrawal. However, unclear is whether current animal models of oxycodone self-administration recapitulate these characteristics in humans. OBJECTIVES We assessed the face validity of a model of extended-access oxycodone self-administration in rats by examining the escalation of oxycodone intake and behavioral symptoms of withdrawal, including irritability-like behavior and mechanical nociception, in male and female Wistar rats. RESULTS Both male and female rats escalated their oxycodone intake over fourteen 12-h self-administration sessions. After escalation, female rats administered more drug than male rats. No differences in plasma oxycodone levels were identified, but males had a significantly higher level of oxycodone in the brain at 30 min. Extended access to oxycodone significantly decreased aggressive-like behavior and increased defensive-like behaviors when tested immediately after a 12-h self-administration session, followed by a rebound increase in aggressive-like behavior 12 h into withdrawal. Tests of mechanical nociception thresholds during withdrawal indicated pronounced hyperalgesia. No sex differences in irritability-like behavior or pain sensitivity were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the face validity of the extended access model of oxycodone self-administration by identifying sex differences in the escalation of oxycodone intake and pronounced changes in pain and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Kenia Palomino
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dana Conlisk
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0737, USA.
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35
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de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Newman AH, George O. Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Escalation of Oxycodone Self-administration and Decreases Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia and Irritability-Like Behavior in Oxycodone-Dependent Heterogeneous Stock Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:292. [PMID: 31992976 PMCID: PMC6971096 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription opioids, such as oxycodone, are highly effective analgesics for clinical pain management, but approximately 25% of patients who are prescribed opioids misuse them, and 5%–10% develop an opioid use disorder (OUD). Effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of opioid abuse and addiction need to be developed. The present study evaluated the effects of the highly selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist VK4-116 ([R]-N-[4-(4-[3-chloro-5-ethyl-2-methoxyphenyl]piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) on oxycodone addictive-like behaviors. We used a model of extended access to oxycodone self-administration and tested the effects of VK4-116 on the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in male and female rats. Pretreatment with VK4-116 (5–25 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and reduced withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in opioid-dependent rats. These findings demonstrate a key role for D3 receptors in both the motivation to take opioids and negative emotional states that are associated with opioid withdrawal and suggest that D3 receptor antagonism may be a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy H Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Abstract
This chapter describes recent clinical trials for opioid use disorder (OUD), an area that has rapidly accelerated in response to the opioid overdose crisis in the USA and newly appropriated funding. Trials involve a wide range of compounds including cannabinoids and psychedelics, new and existing compounds targeting domains emerging from addiction neuroscience, agents repurposed from other indications, and novel strategies including vaccines, enzymes, and other biologicals. In parallel, new formulations of existing compounds offer immediate promise, as do a variety of web-based interventions and smartphone-delivered apps. Trials focused on implementing existing effective interventions in mainstream healthcare settings, and others focused on special populations, e.g., adolescents, criminal justice, pregnant women, native Americans, etc., have the potential to vastly expand treatment in the near term. Given the range of ongoing and recent trials, this chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather to present an overview of approaches within the framework of the opioid treatment cascade and the context of current OUD pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sanya Virani
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Glial neuroimmune signaling in opioid reward. Brain Res Bull 2019; 155:102-111. [PMID: 31790721 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The opioid epidemic is a growing public concern affecting millions of people worldwide. Opioid-induced reward is the initial and key process leading to opioid abuse and addiction. Therefore, a better understanding of opioid reward may be helpful in developing a treatment for opioid addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that glial cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, play an essential role in modulating opioid reward. Indeed, glial cells and their associated immune signaling actively regulate neural activity and plasticity, and directly modulate opioid-induced rewarding behaviors. In this review, we describe the neuroimmune mechanisms of how glial cells affect synaptic transmission and plasticity as well as how opioids can activate glial cells affecting the glial-neuronal interaction. Last, we summarize current attempts of applying glial modulators in treating opioid reward.
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Activation of PPARγ Attenuates the Expression of Physical and Affective Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms through Mechanisms Involving Amygdala and Hippocampus Neurotransmission. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9864-9875. [PMID: 31685649 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1922-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARγ, is the receptor for the thiazolidinedione class of anti-diabetic medications including pioglitazone. Neuroanatomical data indicate PPARγ localization in brain areas involved in drug addiction. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that pioglitazone reduces alcohol and opioid self-administration, relapse to drug seeking, and plays a role in emotional responses. Here, we investigated the behavioral effect of PPARγ manipulation on nicotine withdrawal in male Wistar rats and in male mice with neuron-specific PPARγ deletion (PPARγ(-/-)) and their littermate wild-type (PPARγ(+/+)) controls. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and RNAscope in situ hybridization assays were used for assessing the levels of expression and cell-type localization of PPARγ during nicotine withdrawal. Brain site-specific microinjections of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone were performed to explore the role of this system on nicotine withdrawal at a neurocircuitry level. Results showed that activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone abolished the expression of somatic and affective nicotine withdrawal signs in rats and in (PPARγ(+/+)) mice. This effect was blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. During early withdrawal and protracted abstinence, the expression of PPARγ increased in GABAergic and glutamatergic cells of the amygdala and hippocampus, respectively. Hippocampal microinjections of pioglitazone reduced the expression of the physical signs of withdrawal, whereas excessive anxiety associated with protracted abstinence was prevented by pioglitazone microinjection into the amygdala. Our results demonstrate the implication of the neuronal PPARγ in nicotine withdrawal and indicates that activation of PPARγ may offer an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Smoking cessation leads the occurrence of physical and affective withdrawal symptoms representing a major burden to quit tobacco use. Here, we show that activation of PPARγ prevents the expression of both somatic and affective signs of nicotine withdrawal. At molecular levels results show that PPARγ expression increases in GABAergic cells in the hippocampus and in GABA- and glutamate-positive cells in the basolateral amygdala. Hippocampal microinjections of pioglitazone reduce the insurgence of the physical withdrawal signs, whereas anxiety linked to protracted abstinence is attenuated by pioglitazone injected into the amygdala. Our results demonstrate the implication of neuronal PPARγ in nicotine withdrawal and suggest that PPARγ agonism may represent a promising treatment to aid smoking cessation.
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Magrone T, Jirillo E. Drugs of Abuse Induced-Subversion of the Peripheral Immune Response and Central Glial Activity: Focus on Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:281-291. [PMID: 30488804 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181129104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs of abuse affect both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune function. Besides the involvement of dopamine and glutamate systems, chronic exposure to drugs of abuse alters immune homeostasis, promoting a pro-inflammatory status. At the same time, impaired peripheral immunity leads to an increased susceptibility to infections in drug abusers. DISCUSSION There is evidence that certain drugs, such as opioids, activate microglial cells and astrocytes which, in turn, provoke central neuroinflammation. Particularly, opioids bind the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 with increased expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral mediators released by immune cells also contribute to aggravate central neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION These are based either on the inhibition of TLR-4 activation by drugs of abuse or on the correction of dopamine and glutamate pathways. Finally, a hypothetic nutraceutical intervention with polyphenols in view of their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties will be outlined as an adjuvant treatment for drugs of abuse-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
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40
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Bassareo V, Talani G, Frau R, Porru S, Rosas M, Kasture SB, Peana AT, Loi E, Sanna E, Acquas E. Inhibition of Morphine- and Ethanol-Mediated Stimulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons by Withania somnifera. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:545. [PMID: 31275092 PMCID: PMC6593272 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine- and ethanol-induced stimulation of neuronal firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons and of dopamine (DA) transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) represents a crucial electrophysiological and neurochemical response underlying the ability of these compounds to elicit motivated behaviors and trigger a cascade of plasticity-related biochemical events. Previous studies indicate that the standardized methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSE) prevents morphine- and ethanol-elicited conditioned place preference and oral ethanol self-administration. Aim of the present research was to investigate whether WSE may also interfere with the ability of morphine and ethanol to stimulate VTA dopaminergic neurons and thus AcbSh DA transmission as assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by means of patch-clamp recordings in mesencephalic slices and in vivo brain microdialysis, respectively. Morphine and ethanol significantly stimulated spontaneous firing rate of VTA neurons and DA transmission in the AcbSh. WSE, at concentrations (200-400 μg/ml) that significantly reduce spontaneous neuronal firing of VTA DA neurons via a GABAA- but not GABAB-mediated mechanism, suppressed the stimulatory actions of both morphine and ethanol. Moreover, in vivo administration of WSE at a dose (75 mg/kg) that fails to affect basal DA transmission, significantly prevented both morphine- and ethanol-elicited increases of DA in the AcbSh. Overall, these results highlight the ability of WSE to interfere with morphine- and ethanol-mediated central effects and suggest a mechanistic interpretation of the efficacy of this extract to prevent the motivational properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Porru
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Rosas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra T Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Centre of Excellence on Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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41
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Yammine L, Kosten TR, Pimenova M, Schmitz JM. Cigarette smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a potential treatment for smokers with diabetes: An integrative review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 149:78-88. [PMID: 30735771 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use disorder (TUD), in particular cigarette smoking, contributes significantly to the macro- and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Persons with DM who regularly use tobacco products are twice as likely to experience mortality and negative health outcomes. Despite these risks, TUD remains prevalent in persons with DM. The objective of this integrative review is to summarize the relationship between TUD and DM based on epidemiological and preclinical biological evidence. We conclude with a review of the literature on the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a potential treatment target for addressing comorbid TUD in smokers with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Yammine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | | | - Maria Pimenova
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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42
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Ferguson LB, Zhang L, Wang S, Bridges C, Harris RA, Ponomarev I. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Agonists Modulate Transposable Element Expression in Brain and Liver. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:331. [PMID: 30283300 PMCID: PMC6156381 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that act as transcription factors in response to endogenous lipid messengers. The fibrates and thiazolidinediones are synthetic PPAR agonists used clinically to treat dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, respectively, but also improve symptoms of several other diseases. Transposable elements (TEs), repetitive sequences in mammalian genomes, are implicated in many of the same conditions for which PPAR agonists are therapeutic, including neurodegeneration, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. We tested the hypothesis that there is a link between actions of PPAR agonists and TE expression. We developed an innovative application of microarray data by mapping Illumina mouse WG-6 microarray probes to areas of the mouse genome that contain TEs. Using this information, we assessed the effects of systemic administration of three PPAR agonists with different PPAR subtype selectivity: fenofibrate, tesaglitazar, and bezafibrate, on TE probe expression in mouse brain [prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala] and liver. We found that fenofibrate, and bezafibrate to a lesser extent, up-regulated probes mapped to retrotransposons: Short-Interspersed Elements (SINEs) and Long-Interspersed Elements (LINEs), in the PFC. Conversely, all PPAR agonists down-regulated LINEs and tesaglitazar and bezafibrate also down-regulated SINEs in liver. We built gene coexpression networks that partitioned the diverse transcriptional response to PPAR agonists into groups of probes with highly correlated expression patterns (modules). Most of the differentially expressed retrotransposons were within the same module, suggesting coordinated regulation of their expression, possibly by PPAR signaling. One TE module was conserved across tissues and was enriched with genes whose products participate in epigenetic regulation, suggesting that PPAR agonists affect TE expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Other enriched functional categories included phenotypes related to embryonic development and learning and memory, suggesting functional links between these biological processes and TE expression. In summary, these findings suggest mechanistic relationships between retrotransposons and PPAR agonists and provide a basis for future exploration of their functional roles in brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ferguson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lingling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Courtney Bridges
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Adron Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Igor Ponomarev
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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43
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Jones JD, Bisaga A, Metz VE, Manubay JM, Mogali S, Ciccocioppo R, Madera G, Doernberg M, Comer SD. The PPARγ Agonist Pioglitazone Fails to Alter the Abuse Potential of Heroin, But Does Reduce Heroin Craving and Anxiety. J Psychoactive Drugs 2018; 50:390-401. [PMID: 30204554 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2018.1508789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Possibly through its effects on glia, the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone (PIO) has been shown to alter the effects of heroin in preclinical models. Until now, these results have not been assessed in humans. Heroin-dependent participants were randomized to either active (45 mg, n = 14) or placebo (0 mg, n = 16) PIO maintenance for the duration of the three-week study. After stabilization on buprenorphine (8 mg), participants began a two-week testing period. On the first to fourth test days, participants could self-administer drug or money by making verbal choices for either option. On the fifth day, active heroin and money were administered and participants could work to receive heroin or money using a progressive ratio choice procedure. Test days 6-10 were identical to test days 1-5 with the exception that, during one of the test weeks, placebo was available on the first four days, and during the other week heroin was available. PIO failed to alter the reinforcing or positive subjective effects of heroin, but it did reduce heroin craving and overall anxiety. Although we were unable to replicate the robust effects found in preclinical models, these data provide an indication of drug effects that deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D Jones
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Adam Bisaga
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Verena E Metz
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jeanne M Manubay
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Shanthi Mogali
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit , University of Camerino , Macerata , Italy
| | - Gabriela Madera
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Molly Doernberg
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Sandra D Comer
- a Division on Substance Use Disorders , New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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44
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Miller WR, Fox RG, Stutz SJ, Lane SD, Denner L, Cunningham KA, Dineley KT. PPARγ agonism attenuates cocaine cue reactivity. Addict Biol 2018; 23:55-68. [PMID: 27862692 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drug seeking and taking even after prolonged abstinence periods. Subsequent exposure to drug-associated cues can promote intense craving and lead to relapse in abstinent humans and rodent models. The responsiveness to these cocaine-related cues, or 'cue reactivity', can trigger relapse and cocaine-seeking behaviors; cue reactivity is measurable in cocaine-dependent humans as well as rodent models. Cue reactivity is thought to be predictive of cocaine craving and relapse. Here we report that PPARγ agonism during abstinence from cocaine self-administration reduced previously active lever pressing in Sprague Dawley rats during cue-reactivity tests, while administration of the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, reversed this effect. PPARγ agonism also normalized nuclear ERK activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus which was reversed with GW9662. Our results support the utility of PPARγ agonism as a relapse prevention strategy to maintain abstinence in the presence of cocaine-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Miller
- Department of Neurology; Galveston TX USA
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Galveston TX USA
| | - Robert G Fox
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Galveston TX USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Galveston TX USA
| | - Scott D Lane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston TX USA
| | - Larry Denner
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Galveston TX USA
- Division of Endocrinology; Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston TX USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Galveston TX USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Galveston TX USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology; Galveston TX USA
- Center for Addiction Research; Galveston TX USA
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Galveston TX USA
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45
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Jones JD, Comer SD, Metz VE, Manubay JM, Mogali S, Ciccocioppo R, Martinez S, Mumtaz M, Bisaga A. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduces nicotine craving in humans, with marginal effects on abuse potential. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 163:90-100. [PMID: 29020601 PMCID: PMC5959043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Possibly through their actions upon glia, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (PPAR) have been shown to alter the abuse potential of addictive drugs in several preclinical models. The current study extends this research into the human laboratory as the first clinical study into the effects of the PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, on the abuse potential of nicotine. Heavy smokers were recruited for this 3-week study. Upon admission, participants were randomized to either active (45mg, n=14) or placebo (0mg, n=13) PIO maintenance conditions for the duration of the study. After 5-7days of stabilization on a 7mg nicotine patch, participants began laboratory testing. On the 1st-4th test days, participants could self-administer cigarettes or receive money by making verbal choices for either option. On the 5th day, participants were administered 10 puffs of their usual brand of cigarette in the morning and later chose between smoking and money by making finger presses on a computer mouse in a progressive ratio self-administration task. Later on the 5th day participants also underwent a smoking cue exposure session. The 8th-11th test days were identical to the 1st-4th test days with the exception that during one of the test weeks de-nicotinized cigarettes were available, and during the other nicotinized cigarettes were available. Nicotinized cigarettes were always administered on the 5th and 12th days. On some measures PIO increased indicators of abuse potential, though this effect was typically not statistically significant. However, PIO did significantly reduce measures of craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine D. Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA,Corresponding author. (J.D. Jones)
| | - Sandra D. Comer
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Verena E. Metz
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Manubay
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shanthi Mogali
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, Camerino, Macerata 62032, Italy
| | - Suky Martinez
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA,Translational Research Training Program in Addiction, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mudassir Mumtaz
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA,Translational Research Training Program in Addiction, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Adam Bisaga
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Bachtell RK, Jones JD, Heinzerling KG, Beardsley PM, Comer SD. Glial and neuroinflammatory targets for treating substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:156-170. [PMID: 28892721 PMCID: PMC5790191 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plenary session at the 2016 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry: Translational Research in Addiction Conference focused on glia as potential players in the development, persistence and treatment of substance use disorders. Glia partake in various functions that are important for healthy brain activity. Drugs of abuse alter glial cell activity producing several perturbations in brain function that are thought to contribute to behavioral changes associated with substance use disorders. Consequently, drug-induced changes in glia-driven processes in the brain represent potential targets for pharmacotherapeutics treating substance use disorders. METHODS Four speakers presented preclinical and clinical research illustrating the effects that glial modulators have on abuse-related behavioral effects of psychostimulants and opioids. This review highlights some of these findings and expands its focus to include other research focused on drug-induced glia abnormalities and glia-focused treatment approaches in substance use disorders. RESULTS Preclinical findings show that drugs of abuse induce neuroinflammatory signals and disrupt glutamate homeostasis through their interaction with microglia and astrocytes. Preclinical and clinical studies testing the effects of glial modulators show general effectiveness in reducing behaviors associated with substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of drug-induced glial activity continues to emerge as an intriguing target for substance use disorder treatments. Clinical investigations of glial modulators have yielded promising results on substance use measures and indicate that they are generally safe and well-tolerated. However, results have not been entirely positive and more questions remain for continued exploration in the development and testing of glial-directed treatments for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K. Bachtell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Center for Neuroscience, UCB 345, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jermaine D. Jones
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Keith G. Heinzerling
- Department of Family Medicine and Center for Behavioral and Addiction Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sandra D. Comer
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-eighth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2015 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia, stress and social status, tolerance and dependence, learning and memory, eating and drinking, drug abuse and alcohol, sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology, mental illness and mood, seizures and neurologic disorders, electrical-related activity and neurophysiology, general activity and locomotion, gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions, cardiovascular responses, respiration and thermoregulation, and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Kallupi M, Scuppa G, de Guglielmo G, Calò G, Weiss F, Statnick MA, Rorick-Kehn LM, Ciccocioppo R. Genetic Deletion of the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor in the Rat Confers Resilience to the Development of Drug Addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:695-706. [PMID: 27562376 PMCID: PMC5240182 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nociceptin (NOP) receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor whose natural ligand is the NOP/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) peptide. Evidence from pharmacological studies suggests that the N/OFQ system is implicated in the regulation of several addiction-related phenomena, such as drug intake, withdrawal, and relapse. Here, to further explore the role of NOP system in addiction, we used NOP (-/-) rats to study the motivation for cocaine, heroin, and alcohol self-administration in the absence of N/OFQ function. Conditioned place preference (CPP) and saccharin (0.2% w/v) self-administration were also investigated. Results showed that NOP (-/-) rats self-administer less cocaine (0.25, 0.125, or 0.5 mg/infusion) both under a fixed ratio 1 and a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement compared with wild-type (Wt) controls. Consistently, cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was able to induce CPP in Wt but not in NOP (-/-). When NOP (-/-) rats were tested for heroin (20 μg/infusion) and ethanol (10% v/v) self-administration, they showed significantly lower drug intake compared with Wt. Conversely, saccharin self-administration was not affected by NOP deletion, excluding the possibility of nonspecific learning deficits or generalized disruption of reward mechanisms in NOP (-/-) rats. These findings were confirmed with pharmacological experiments using two selective NOP antagonists, SB-612111 and LY2817412. Both drugs attenuated alcohol self-administration in Wt rats but not in NOP (-/-) rats. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that genetic deletion of NOP receptors confers resilience to drug abuse and support a role for NOP receptor antagonism as a potential treatment option for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsida Kallupi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy,Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giulia Scuppa
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy,Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Friedbert Weiss
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Statnick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032 Italy, Tel: +39 07 3740 3313, Fax: +39 07 3740 3325, E-mail:
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TRPV1 activation counters diet-induced obesity through sirtuin-1 activation and PRDM-16 deacetylation in brown adipose tissue. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:739-749. [PMID: 28104916 PMCID: PMC5413365 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to obesity. Increasing metabolism and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) can help in overcoming obesity. Here, we investigated the effect of activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1 (TRPV1) in the upregulation of thermogenic proteins in BAT to counter diet-induced obesity. Subjects/Methods We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) on the expression of metabolically important thermogenic proteins in BAT of wild type and TRPV1−/− mice that received either a normal chow or high fat (± capsaicin; TRPV1 activator) diet by immunoblotting. We measured the metabolic activity, respiratory quotient and BAT lipolysis. Results CAP antagonized high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity without decreasing energy intake in mice. HFD suppressed TRPV1 expression and activity in BAT and CAP countered this effect. HFD feeding caused glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia and decreased the plasma concentration of glucagon like peptide-1 and CAP countered these effects. HFD suppressed the expression of metabolically important thermogenic genes, ucp-1, bmp8b, sirtuin 1, pgc-1α and prdm-16 in BAT and CAP prevented this effect. CAP increased the phosphorylation of sirtuin 1 and induced an interaction between PPARγ with PRDM-16. Further, CAP treatment, in vitro, decreased the acetylation of PRDM-16, which was antagonized by inhibition of TRPV1 by capsazepine, chelation of intracellular Ca2+ by cell permeable BAPTA-AM or the inhibition of SIRT-1 by EX 527. Further, CAP supplementation, post HFD, promoted weight loss and enhanced the respiratory exchange ratio. CAP did not have any effect in TRPV1−/− mice. Conclusions Our data show that activation of TRPV1 in BAT enhances the expression of SIRT-1, which facilitates the deacetylation and interaction of PPARγ and PRDM-16. These data suggest that TRPV1 activation is a novel strategy to counter diet-induced obesity by enhancing metabolism and energy expenditure.
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Pioglitazone attenuates the opioid withdrawal and vulnerability to relapse to heroin seeking in rodents. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:223-234. [PMID: 27714428 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Relapse to opioids is often driven by the avoidance of the aversive states of opioid withdrawal. We recently demonstrated that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) by pioglitazone reduces the motivation for heroin and attenuates its rewarding properties. However, the role of PPARγ in withdrawal and other forms of relapse to heroin is unknown. OBJECTIVES To further address this issue, we investigated the role of PPARγ on the development and expression of morphine withdrawal in mice and the effect of pioglitazone on several forms of heroin relapse in rats. METHODS We induced physical dependence to morphine in mice by injecting morphine twice daily for 6 days. Withdrawal syndrome was precipitated on day 6 with an injection of naloxone. In addition, different groups of rats were trained to self-administer heroin and, after the extinction, the relapse was elicited by cues, priming, or stress. The effect of different doses of pioglitazone was tested on these different paradigms. RESULTS Data show that chronic and acute administration of pioglitazone attenuates morphine withdrawal symptoms, and these effects are mediated by activation of PPARγ receptors. Activation of PPARγ by pioglitazone also abolishes yohimbine-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking and reduces heroin-induced reinstatement, while it does not affect cue-induced relapse. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights on the role of PPARγ on opioid dependence and suggest that pioglitazone may be useful for the treatment of opioid withdrawal in opioid-addicted individuals.
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