1
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Faulstich L, Wollenweber S, Reinhardt-Imjela C, Arendt R, Schulte A, Hollert H, Schiwy S. Ecotoxicological evaluation of surface waters in Northern Namibia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:456. [PMID: 38630192 PMCID: PMC11024038 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The increasing pressure on freshwater systems due to intensive anthropogenic use is a big challenge in central-northern Namibia and its catchment areas, the Kunene and the Kavango Rivers, and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, that provide water for more than 1 million people. So far, there is no comprehensive knowledge about the ecological status and only few knowledge about the water quality. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the state of the ecosystem and the ecological effects of pollutants to ensure the safe use of these resources. The surface waters of the three systems were sampled, and three bioassays were applied on three trophic levels: algae, daphnia, and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to analyze mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation), dioxin-like potential (micro-EROD), and estrogenicity (YES) by mechanism-specific effects. The results show that acute toxicity to fish embryos and daphnia has mainly been detected at all sites in the three catchment areas. The systems differ significantly from each other, with the sites in the Iishana system showing the highest acute toxicity. At the cellular level, only weak effects were identified, although these were stronger in the Iishana system than in the two perennial systems. Algae growth was not inhibited, and no cytotoxic effects could be detected in any of the samples. Mutagenic effects and an estrogenic potential were detected at three sites in the Iishana system. These findings are critical in water resource management as the effects can adversely impact the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faulstich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | - R Arendt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schulte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Schiwy
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Behnisch P, Besselink H, Suzuki G, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Lukas M, Wollenweber M, Wollenweber S, Hollert H, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Alijagic A, Larsson M, Engwall M, Ohno K, Brouwer A. Results of an international interlaboratory study on dioxin-like activities in drinking-, river surface- and wastewater using DR CALUX bioassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170759. [PMID: 38336065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic animals and consumers of aquatic animals are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of known and as-yet-unknown chemicals with dioxin-like toxicities in the water cycle. Effect- and cell-based bioanalysis can cover known and yet unknown dioxin and dioxin-like compounds as well as complex mixtures thereof but need to be standardized and integrated into international guidelines for environmental testing. In an international laboratory testing (ILT) following ISO/CD 24295 as standard procedure for rat cell-based DR CALUX un-spiked and spiked extracts of drinking-, surface-, and wastewater were validated to generate precision data for the development of the full ISO-standard. We found acceptable repeatability and reproducibility ranges below 36 % by DR CALUX bioassay for the tested un-spiked and spiked water of different origins. The presence of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs was also confirmed by congener-specific GC-HRMS analysis. We compared the sum of dioxin-like activity levels measured by DR CALUX bioassay (expressed in 2,3,7,8-TCDD Bioanalytical Equivalents, BEQ; ISO 23196, 2022) with the obtained GC-HRMS chemical analysis results converted to toxic equivalents (TEQ; van den Berg et al., 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marcus Lukas
- Wastewater Analysis, Monitoring Methods, German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Wollenweber
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Simone Wollenweber
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kayo Ohno
- Center of International Cooperation and Environmental Technologies of the Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (JEMAI), 3-1, Uchisaiwaicho 1-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam (VU), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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3
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Chen C, Zhang D, Yuan A, Shen J, Wang L, Wang SL. A novel approach to predict the comprehensive EROD potency: Mechanism-based curve fitting of CYP1A1 activity by PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:157052. [PMID: 35787903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) plays critical roles in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) toxicity, including DNA adduction and ROS generation. Therefore, CYP1A1 activity quantified by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay (named EROD potency) has been considered a typical biomarker of PAH exposure and toxicity. The EROD dose-response curve always presents a biphasic style, increasing at low concentrations and decreasing at high concentrations of PAHs, but relative effect potency (REP) commonly used in PAH risk assessment is only involved in the increasing phase. In this study, a full bell-shaped EROD curve fitting formula Eq. (1) was obtained by considering both CYP1A1 mRNA induction and enzyme inhibition to completely assess the EROD potency of PAHs. Correspondingly, in silico models of QSAR and docking methods successfully predicted the full EROD curves of PAHs, and the structure-activity relationship indicated that PAHs with heavy molecular weight and large diameter showed stronger EROD potency. Further EROD potency with predicted curve parameters (EC50,ind and area index) was confirmed by the reported REP (R2 = 0.697-0.977) and experimental data from human and mouse cells (R2 = 0.700-0.804). This study provides a novel curve fitting for the EROD dose-response relationship and a prediction model for PAH EROD potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Anjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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4
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Nuchan P, Kovitvadhi U, Sangsawang A, Kovitvadhi S, Klaimala P, Srakaew N. Biochemical and cellular responses of the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis bialata, to the herbicide atrazine. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119710. [PMID: 35798193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate biochemical and cellular responses of the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis bialata, to the herbicide atrazine (ATZ). The mussels were exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations of ATZ (0, 0.02 and 0.2 mg/L) and a high concentration (2 mg/L) for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Tissues comprising male and female gonads, digestive glands and gills were collected and assessed for ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR), histopathological responses, DNA fragmentation and bioaccumulation of ATZ and its transformation derivatives, desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA). Additionally, circulating estradiol levels were determined. It appeared that ATZ did not cause significant changes in activities of EROD, GST and MXR. There were no apparent ATZ-mediated histopathological effects in the tissues, with the exception of the male gonads exhibiting aberrant aggregation of germ cells in the ATZ-treated mussels. Contrarily, ATZ caused significant DNA fragmentation in all tissues of the treated animals in dose- and time-dependent manners. In general, the circulating estradiol levels were higher in the females than in the males. However, ATZ-treated animals did not show significant alterations in the hormonal levels, as compared with those of the untreated animals. Herein, we showed for the first time differentially spatiotemporal distribution patterns of bioaccumulation of ATZ, DEA and DIA, with ATZ and DEA detectable in the gonads of both sexes, DEA and DIA in the digestive glands and only DEA in the gills. The differential distribution patterns of bioaccumulation of ATZ and its derivatives among the tissues point to different pathways and tissue capacity in transforming ATZ into its transformation products. Taken together, the freshwater mussel H. bialata was resistant to ATZ likely due to their effective detoxification. However, using DNA damage as a potential biomarker, H. bialata is a promising candidate for biomonitoring aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanan Nuchan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Uthaiwan Kovitvadhi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Akkarasiri Sangsawang
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Satit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Thonburi, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
| | - Pakasinee Klaimala
- Impact of Pesticide Use Subdivision, Pesticide Research Group, Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nopparat Srakaew
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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5
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Stypuła-Trębas S, Kiljanek T, Jedziniak P. P15-09 In vitro assessment of (anti)estrogenic (anti)androgenic and AhR agonistic activities of selected heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), smoked meat extracts and smoke flavourings. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Feng L, Tian X, Yao D, Yu Z, Huo X, Tian Z, Ning J, Cui J, James TD, Ma X. A practical strategy to develop isoform-selective near-infrared fluorescent probes for human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1976-1986. [PMID: 35847500 PMCID: PMC9279627 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiangge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhenhao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 411 86110419.
| | - Jingnan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
- College of Pharmacy, the National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 411 86110419.
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7
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Karim N, Lin LW, Van Eenennaam JP, Fangue NA, Schreier AD, Phillips MA, Rice RH. Epidermal cell cultures from white and green sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus and medirostris): Expression of TGM1-like transglutaminases and CYP4501A. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265218. [PMID: 35294467 PMCID: PMC8926185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a system optimized for propagating human keratinocytes, culture of skin samples from white and green sturgeons generated epithelial cells capable of making cross-linked protein envelopes. Two distinct forms of TGM1-like mRNA were molecularly cloned from the cells of white sturgeon and detected in green sturgeon cells, accounting for their cellular envelope forming ability. The protein translated from each displayed a cluster of cysteine residues resembling the membrane anchorage region expressed in epidermal cells of teleosts and tetrapods. One of the two mRNA forms (called A) was present at considerably higher levels than the other (called B) in both species. Continuous lines of white sturgeon epidermal cells were established and characterized. Size measurements indicated that a substantial fraction of the cells became enlarged, appearing similar to squames in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. The cultures also expressed CYP1A, a cytochrome P450 enzyme inducible by activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 in fish. The cells gradually improved in growth rate over a dozen passages while retaining envelope forming ability, TGM1 expression and CYP1A inducibility. These cell lines are thus potential models for studying evolution of fish epidermis leading to terrestrial adaptation and for testing sturgeon sensitivity to environmental stresses such as pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Karim
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lo-Wei Lin
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Joel P. Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea D. Schreier
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Marjorie A. Phillips
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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King J, Woolner VH, Keyzers RA, Rosengren RJ. Characterization of marine-derived halogenated indoles as ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1198-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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9
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Landi C, Liberatori G, Cotugno P, Sturba L, Vannuccini ML, Massari F, Miniero DV, Tursi A, Shaba E, Behnisch PA, Carleo A, Di Giuseppe F, Angelucci S, Bini L, Corsi I. First Attempt to Couple Proteomics with the AhR Reporter Gene Bioassay in Soil Pollution Monitoring and Assessment. TOXICS 2021; 10:toxics10010009. [PMID: 35051051 PMCID: PMC8779689 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A topsoil sample obtained from a highly industrialized area (Taranto, Italy) was tested on the DR-CALUX® cell line and the exposed cells processed with proteomic and bioinformatics analyses. The presence of polyhalogenated compounds in the topsoil extracts was confirmed by GC-MS/MS analysis. Proteomic analysis of the cells exposed to the topsoil extracts identified 43 differential proteins. Enrichment analysis highlighted biological processes, such as the cellular response to a chemical stimulus, stress, and inorganic substances; regulation of translation; regulation of apoptotic process; and the response to organonitrogen compounds in light of particular drugs and compounds, extrapolated by bioinformatics all linked to the identified protein modifications. Our results confirm and reflect the complex epidemiological situation occurring among Taranto inhabitants and underline the need to further investigate the presence and sources of inferred chemicals in soils. The combination of bioassays and proteomics reveals a more complex scenario of chemicals able to affect cellular pathways and leading to toxicities rather than those identified by only bioassays and related chemical analysis. This combined approach turns out to be a promising tool for soil risk assessment and deserves further investigation and developments for soil monitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Giulia Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (L.S.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.M.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Lucrezia Sturba
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (L.S.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Maria Luisa Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (L.S.); (M.L.V.)
| | - Federica Massari
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.M.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.M.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Angelo Tursi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (P.C.); (F.M.); (D.V.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Enxhi Shaba
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Peter A. Behnisch
- BioDetection System BV (BDS) Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, Dentistry and Biotechnology and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. D’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, Dentistry and Biotechnology and Proteomics Unit, Centre of Advanced Studies and Technology, “G. D’Annunzio”, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.D.G.); (S.A.)
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.L.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (I.C.); Tel.: +39-0577-234938 (L.B.); +39-0577-232169 (I.C.)
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (L.S.); (M.L.V.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (I.C.); Tel.: +39-0577-234938 (L.B.); +39-0577-232169 (I.C.)
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10
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Weltmeyer A, Dogruer G, Hollert H, Ouellet JD, Townsend K, Covaci A, Weijs L. Distribution and toxicity of persistent organic pollutants and methoxylated polybrominated diphenylethers in different tissues of the green turtle Chelonia mydas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116795. [PMID: 33640813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigating environmental pollution is important to understand its impact on endangered species such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, we investigated the accumulation and potential toxicity of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and naturally occurring MeO-PBDEs in liver, fat, kidney and muscle of turtles (n = 30) of different gender, size, year of death, location and health status. Overall, POP concentrations were low and accumulation was highest in liver and lowest in fat which is likely due to the poor health of several animals, causing a remobilization of lipids and associated compounds. PCBs and p,p'-DDE dominated the POP profiles, and relatively high MeO-PBDE concentrations (2'-MeO-BDE 68 up to 192 ng/g lw, 6-MeO-BDE 47 up to 79 ng/g lw) were detected in all tissues. Only few influences of factors such as age, gender and location were found. While concentrations were low compared to other marine wildlife, biological toxicity equivalences obtained by screening the tissue extracts using the micro-EROD assay ranged from 2.8 to 356 pg/g and the highest values were observed in muscle, followed by kidney and liver. This emphazises that pollutant mixtures found in the turtles have the potential to cause dioxin-like effects in these animals and that dioxin-like compounds should not be overlooked in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Weltmeyer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Gülsah Dogruer
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, Ijmuiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Aachen, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Kathy Townsend
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, Australia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- School of Environment and Science, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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11
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Sathyanarayanan G, Haapala M, Sikanen T. Digital Microfluidics-Enabled Analysis of Individual Variation in Liver Cytochrome P450 Activity. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14693-14701. [PMID: 33099994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is responsible for the intrinsic clearance of the majority of therapeutic drugs in humans. However, the kinetics of drug clearance via CYPs varies significantly among individuals due to both genetic and external factors, and the enzyme amount and function are also largely impacted by many liver diseases. In this study, we developed a new methodology, based on digital microfluidics (DMF), for rapid determination of individual alterations in CYP activity from human-derived liver samples in biopsy-scale. The assay employs human liver microsomes (HLMs), immobilized on magnetic beads to facilitate determination of the activity of microsomal CYP enzymes in a parallelized system at physiological temperature. The thermal control is achieved with the help of a custom-designed, inkjet-printed microheater array modularly integrated with the DMF platform. The CYP activities are determined with the help of prefluorescent, enzyme-selective model compounds by quantifying the respective fluorescent metabolites based on optical readout in situ. The selectivity and sensitivity of the assay was established for four different CYP model reactions, and the diagnostic concept was validated by determining the interindividual variation in one of the four model reaction activities, that is, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (CYP1A1/2), between five donors. Overall, the developed protocol consumes only about 15 μg microsomal protein per assay. It is thus technically adaptable to screening of individual differences in CYP enzyme function from biopsy-scale liver samples in an automated fashion, so as to support tailoring of medical therapies, for example, in the context of liver disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Sathyanarayanan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
| | - Markus Haapala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
| | - Tiina Sikanen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
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12
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Tq D, L C, A I, K N, M M, Ml S. In vitro profiling of the potential endocrine disrupting activities affecting steroid and aryl hydrocarbon receptors of compounds and mixtures prevalent in human drinking water resources. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127332. [PMID: 32554009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prioritizing chemicals posing threats to drinking water resources is crucial for legislation considering the cost of water treatment, remediation, and monitoring. We profiled in vitro potential endocrine disrupting activities (both agonistic and antagonistic) of 18 contaminants most prevalent in Walloon raw water resources intended for drinking water production, including several compound groups: pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a corrosion inhibitor, and bisphenol A. Mixtures thereof relevant for human realistic exposure were also investigated. Seven luciferase reporter gene cell lines were used i.e. three (human and rat) responsive to dioxins through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and four (human) responsive to steroids through the estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), progesterone (PR), and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. Among the 18 compounds, ten caused at least one response in at least one receptor. Specifically, chlorpyrifos, bisphenol A, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and benzo [a]pyrene displayed significant activities on several receptors. Bisphenol A agonized ER, but abolished the cells' response to androgen and progesterone. While fluoranthene and phenanthrene strongly reduced human AhR and AR transactivation, benzo [a]pyrene strongly activated AhR and ER, but inhibited GR and AR. In human breast cancer cells, benzo [a]pyrene dramatically activated AhR, inducing a 10-fold higher response than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) at concentrations possibly found realistically in human blood. The mixture of the 18 compounds exerted both ER and rat AhR agonism, with the main contribution being from benzo [a]pyrene or its combination with bisphenol A. Moreover, the mixture significantly inhibited TCDD-induced CYP1A activity (detected only by EROD assays) in human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Tq
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Connolly L
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Igout A
- Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Nott K
- La Société Wallonne des Eaux (SWDE), Verviers, 4800, Belgium
| | - Muller M
- GIGA-R, Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Scippo Ml
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
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13
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Ouellet J, Gembé C, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H, Brinkmann M. Validation of the micro-EROD assay with H4IIE cells for assessing sediment contamination with dioxin-like chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114984. [PMID: 32563806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays have been used as a bioanalytical means of detecting dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in environmental matrices and have been suggested as a tool for quantifying DLCs in sediments. The present study evaluated the relationship between bioanalytical results from the micro-7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay and chemical analytical results in 25 sediment samples collected from rivers across Germany. Sediments were collected, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were extracted from the sediments, biological toxicity equivalent quotients (BEQs) were determined by micro-EROD assay and toxicity equivalent quotients (TEQs) were calculated from chemical analysis. Correlations between BEQs and TEQs were evaluated, and linear regression modeling was performed, excluding 6 samples as validation data, to derive equations for predicting TEQs from BEQs. Validation data was tested to evaluate predictive capabilities of the models. Correlations were observed between BEQ and TEQ for PCDD/Fs (r=0.987), PCBs (r=0.623), measured sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.975) and calculated sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.971). The modeling equations provided low variances as evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) (≤10.3 pg/g) and root mean square error (RMSE) (≤15.8 pg/g) indicating that expected TEQs could be reasonably well calculated from BEQs. Predicted TEQs from validation data fell within the 95% probability intervals of the test data and had low variances (MAE≤6.5 pg/g) and (RMSE≤10.7 pg/g). Our results indicate that the micro-EROD bioassay can be used as a screening tool for DLCs in sediment and has the capability to be used as an alternate method to chemical analysis for quantifying dioxin-like potential of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ouellet
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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14
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Haedrich J, Stumpf C, Denison MS. Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes' method revisited and enhanced. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2020; 32:118. [PMID: 33614386 PMCID: PMC7891496 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union's (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. RESULTS Starting from Smedes' lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by +25% for bovine liver, +14% for chicken eggs, +13% for poultry meat, +12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 minutes. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 hour Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 hours or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonising analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Haedrich
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food, CVUA Freiburg, Bissierstraße 5, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Stumpf
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for Dioxins and PCBs in Feed and Food, CVUA Freiburg, Bissierstraße 5, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis (UCD), One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, US
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15
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Mizukami Y, Moriya A, Takahashi Y, Shimizu K, Konishi S, Takakura Y, Nishikawa M. Incorporation of Gelatin Microspheres into HepG2 Human Hepatocyte Spheroids for Functional Improvement through Improved Oxygen Supply to Spheroid Core. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1220-1225. [PMID: 32741942 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The multicellular spheroid three-dimensional cell culture system can be used as a formulation for cell-based therapy. However, the viability and functions of the cells in the core region of the spheroid tend to decrease because of limited oxygen supply. In this study, we incorporated gelatin microspheres (GMS) into HepG2 human hepatocyte spheroids to allow oxygen to reach the spheroid core. GMS with an approximate diameter of 37 µm were fabricated by water-in-oil emulsification followed by freeze drying. GMS-containing HepG2 spheroids (GMS/HepG2 spheroids) were prepared by incubation of the cells with GMS at various mixing ratios in agarose gel-based microwells. Increasing the GMS ratio increased the diameter of the spheroids, and few spheroids formed with excess GMS. HepG2 cells in the GMS/HepG2 spheroids were more oxygenated than those in the GMS-free spheroids. GMS incorporation increased the viability of HepG2 cells in the spheroids and increased the CYP1A1 activity of the cells to metabolize 7-ethoxyresorufin, although mRNA expression of the CYP1A1 gene was hardly affected by GMS incorporation. These results indicate that incorporating GMS into HepG2 spheroids improves the hypoxic microenvironment in the spheroids and increases cell viability and CYP1A1 metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Ai Moriya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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16
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Ji H, Zhang X, Dai Y, Xue T, Misal S, Qi Z. A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for detection and imaging of CYP1A1 in living cells and zebrafish. Analyst 2020; 144:7390-7397. [PMID: 31670325 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity in complex biological systems via a practical tool is highly sought after because of its significant role in the metabolism and bioactivation of various xenobiotics. Herein, according to slight differences in the 3D structure and substrate preference between CYP1A1 and its homologous CYP1A2, a series of novel ratiometric fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized using 1,8-naphthalimide because of its trait of naked-eye visualization and ratiometric fluorescence to achieve the detection of CYP1A1 in biological samples. Among these probes, NEiPN showed good water solubility, highly isoform selectivity and great sensitivity (LOD = 0.04874 nM) for CYP1A1 under simulated physiological conditions, which makes it favorable for monitoring CYP1A1 in vivo. Remarkably, NEiPN exhibited excellent reproducibility when it was used to detect the CYP1A1 content in human liver microsomes, which indicated that it has a great potential for quantifying the CYP1A1 content in real biological samples. Furthermore, NEiPN showed relatively low cytotoxicity and has been successfully applied in biological imaging in living cells and zebrafish. These findings indicate that NEiPN is capable of real-time monitoring of the activity of endogenous CYP1A1, which could provide support for CYP1A1-associated pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefang Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, P.R. China.
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17
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Fontao F, von Engelbrechten M, Seilaz C, Sorg O, Saurat JH. Microcomedones in non-lesional acne prone skin New orientations on comedogenesis and its prevention. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:357-364. [PMID: 31465602 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-lesional skin of acne patients, cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping can harvest a structure called microcomedone (MC) which is the earliest phase of comedogenesis; the root of any subsequent clinical lesion and a target for the prevention of acne relapses. More information is needed on the putative biochemical contributors (biomarkers) of comedogenesis expressed in MC. METHODS Proteins expressed in MC were screened by proteomics, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The in vitro effects of a comedolytic Silybum marianum fruit extract (SMFE) were studied in sebocyte cultures by RNA-Seq and modulation of CYP1A1 by qPCR and enzymatic activity. MC severity was correlated to lesions counts and keratin expression during 48 weeks in 23 acne patients using a topical comedolytic formulation containing SMFE. RESULTS Two infundibular keratins, K75 and K79, co-localized in MC with the sebocyte progenitor cell marker LRIG1 and were used as a biomarker of comedogenesis for the follow-up of patients. In cultured sebocytes exposed to SMFE (i) transcriptomic analysis showed an up-regulation by a factor of 15 of RNA coding for K75 and (ii) the gene expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A1 under exposure to dioxin was decreased. In the acne patients using SMFE, the MC index in non-lesional skin decreased over time and remained until the 48th week, significantly lower than that of the first week. There was a high correlation between the decrease of MC index and the decrease and stability of the clinical lesions counts over time. Importantly, a low MC index status was found to be associated with a significant higher K75 expression in microcomedones. DISCUSSION These observations provide new orientations on the mechanism of comedogenesis and its prevention. Maintaining a low MC status in non-lesional skin is a sound target for the prevention of acne relapse and a good sentinel of acne remissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fontao
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - M von Engelbrechten
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - C Seilaz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - O Sorg
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - J H Saurat
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
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18
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Thiäner JB, Nett L, Zhou S, Preibisch Y, Hollert H, Achten C. Identification of 7-9 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coals and petrol coke using High performance liquid chromatography - Diode array detection coupled to Atmospheric pressure laser ionization - Mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-APLI-MS). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:723-732. [PMID: 31195173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing at least 24 carbon atoms (≥C24-PAH) are often associated with pyrogenic processes such as combustion of fuel, wood or coal, and occur in the environment in diesel particulate matter, black carbon and coal tar. Some of the ≥C24-PAH, particularly the group of dibenzopyrenes (five isomers, six aromatic rings) are known to show high mutagenic and carcinogenic activita. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry is a well-established method for the analysis of lower molecular weight PAH but is not optimally suited for the analysis of ≥C24-PAH due to their low vapor pressures. Also, hundreds of ≥C24-PAH isomers are possible but only a few compounds are commercially available as reference standards. Therefore, in this study, a combination of multidimensional liquid chromatography, UV-Vis diode array detection, PAH selective and highly sensitive atmospheric pressure laser ionization - mass spectrometry is used to detect and unequivocally identify PAH. For identification of PAH in two bituminous coals and one petrol coke sample, unique and compound specific UV-Vis spectra were acquired. It was possible to identify ten compounds (naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene, dibenzo[b,ghi]perylene, dibenzo[e,ghi]perylene, dibenzo[cd,lm]perylene, benzo[a]coronene, phenanthrol[5,4,3,2-abcde]perylene, benzo[ghi]naphtho[8,1,2-bcd]perylene, benzo[pqr]naphtho[8,1,2-bcd]perylene, naphtho[8,1,2-abc]coronene and tribenzo[e,ghi,k]perylene) by comparison of acquired spectra with spectra from literature. Additionally, it was possible to detect similar distribution patterns in different samples and signals related to alkylated naphthopyrenes, naphthofluoranthenes or dibenzopyrenes. Subsequent effect-directed analysis of a bituminous coal sample using the microEROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) bioassay showed high suitability and revealed lower EROD induction for the ≥C24-PAH (TEQ range 0.67-10.07 ng/g) than for the allover < C24-PAH containing fraction (TEQ 84.00 ng/g). Nevertheless, the toxicity of ≥C24-PAH has a significant impact compared with <C24-PAH and must be considered for risk assessment. The LC-DAD-APLI-MS method, presented in this study, is a powerful tool for the unequivocal identification of these ≥ C24-PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Thiäner
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Linus Nett
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shangbo Zhou
- RTWH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yves Preibisch
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RTWH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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19
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The Henna pigment Lawsone activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and impacts skin homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10878. [PMID: 31350436 PMCID: PMC6659674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a first host barrier, the skin is constantly exposed to environmental insults that perturb its integrity. Tight regulation of skin homeostasis is largely controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we demonstrate that Henna and its major pigment, the naphthoquinone Lawsone activate AhR, both in vitro and in vivo. In human keratinocytes and epidermis equivalents, Lawsone exposure enhances the production of late epidermal proteins, impacts keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, and regulates skin inflammation. To determine the potential use of Lawsone for therapeutic application, we harnessed human, murine and zebrafish models. In skin regeneration models, Lawsone interferes with physiological tissue regeneration and inhibits wound healing. Conversely, in a human acute dermatitis model, topical application of a Lawsone-containing cream ameliorates skin irritation. Altogether, our study reveals how a widely used natural plant pigment is sensed by the host receptor AhR, and how the physiopathological context determines beneficial and detrimental outcomes.
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20
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Brinkmann M, Barz B, Carrière D, Velki M, Smith K, Meyer-Alert H, Müller Y, Thalmann B, Bluhm K, Schiwy S, Hotz S, Salowsky H, Tiehm A, Hecker M, Hollert H. Bioactivation of Quinolines in a Recombinant Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Assay Is Catalyzed by N-Methyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:698-707. [PMID: 30896932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxylation of polyaromatic compounds through cytochromes P450 (CYPs) is known to result in potentially estrogenic transformation products. Recently, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of alternative pathways such as aldehyde oxidases (AOX) or N-methyltransferases (NMT) in bioactivation of small molecules, particularly N-heterocycles. Therefore, this study investigated the biotransformation and activity of methylated quinolines, a class of environmentally relevant N-heterocycles that are no native ligands of the estrogen receptor (ER), in the estrogen-responsive cell line ERα CALUX. We found that this widely used cell line overexpresses AOXs and NMTs while having low expression of CYP enzymes. Exposure of ERα CALUX cells to quinolines resulted in estrogenic effects, which could be mitigated using an inhibitor of AOX/NMTs. No such mitigation occurred after coexposure to a CYP1A inhibitor. A number of N-methylated but no hydroxylated transformation products were detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which indicated that biotransformations to estrogenic metabolites were likely catalyzed by NMTs. Compared to the natural ER ligand 17β-estradiol, the products formed during the metabolization of quinolines were weak to moderate agonists of the human ERα. Our findings have potential implications for the risk assessment of these compounds and indicate that care must be taken when using in vitro estrogenicity assays, for example, ERα CALUX, for the characterization of N-heterocycles or environmental samples that may contain them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Bogdan Barz
- ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany
| | - Danielle Carrière
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kerstin Bluhm
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | | | | | - Helena Salowsky
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Water Technology Center , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Andreas Tiehm
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology , Water Technology Center , Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment & Sustainability and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Henner Hollert
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing , China.,College of Resources and Environmental Science , Chongqing University , Chongqing , China.,Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education , Tongji University , Shanghai , China
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21
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Parida R, Das S, Raju TR, Sathyaprabha TN. Human placental extract ameliorates cytokine and cytokine receptor signaling in the rat hippocampus upon Benzo[a]Pyrene exposure. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 98:8-16. [PMID: 30862515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[alpha]Pyrene (B[a]P) causes toxicity via Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) metabolic activity in the brain. Studies have shown that neuronal IL-2 and TNF-α are associated with the hippocampus development and regulation, but their association with the CYP1A1 activity remains unidentified. Limited action of human placental extract (HPE) in the activation of tissue repair and wound healing is known, but their role in B[a]P clearance in the hippocampus is not known so far. Our study has focused on two novel concepts: (1) association of CYP1A1 activity with the inflammatory response in the brain hippocampus and (2) role of HPE in the immunomodulatory mechanisms in the hippocampus upon B[a]P exposure at cytokine receptor and nuclear level. Intrathecal administration of different concentrations of B[a]P and HPE into male wistar rat pups has been conducted. An increased CYP1A1 activity was observed in the presence of 0.25 μM B[a]P alone but in case of HPE followed by 0.25 μM B[a]P, it was equal to control. Herein we report that 5 μl of 0.1 gm HPE followed by 0.25 μM B[a]P administration enabled down-regulation of IL-2 and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus thereby modulating TNFR2 and IL2Rγc signals via NF-κB activation. Besides, localization of IL-2, TNF-α, IL2Rγc, TNFR1 and TNFR2 in the CA1, CA3 and DG regions of the hippocampus are also depicted. Altogether, these findings will project the clinical importance of HPE in the neuroinflammation suppression in the hippocampus developed due to B[a]P toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Parida
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Das
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Trichur R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Talakad N Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India.
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22
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Chen Q, Zhang H, Allgeier A, Zhou Q, Ouellet JD, Crawford SE, Luo Y, Yang Y, Shi H, Hollert H. Marine microplastics bound dioxin-like chemicals: Model explanation and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:82-90. [PMID: 30339936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have become one of the most pervasive emerging pollutants in the marine environment because of their wide occurrence and high sorption ability for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). Among the associated HOCs, dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) can pose severe health risks; however, information on effects of microplastics bound DLCs is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, this study integrated chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays to elucidate the potential dioxin-like effects of microplastics bound DLCs. Chemical analysis results demonstrated that styrofoams possessed significantly greater DLCs than other coastal or open ocean plastic particles. This was probably due to the presence of additives and greater sorption ability of expanded polystyrene. However, styrofoams did not show as strong dioxin-like effects as predicted by the bioanalysis equivalent model in bioassays. This could be attributed to the decreased DLC bioavailability and increased competition with the presence of styrene oligomers. Besides, bioassay results also demonstrated that aging increased the associated DLC concentrations, since extra sorption from surrounding environment occurred during prolonged retention periods. Finally, it was estimated that the leaching of DLCs could induce dioxin-like effects in marine organisms under 100% (11/11) and 18% (2/11) scenarios for aged pellets and styrofoams through aqueous or dietary exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 1 Worringerweg, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Annika Allgeier
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 1 Worringerweg, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 1 Worringerweg, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 1 Worringerweg, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yongming Luo
- Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 1 Worringerweg, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Levy W, Schramm KW, Mertes F, Henkelmann B, Maywald M, Uciechowski P, Loa A, Haedrich J, Thiem I, Hollert H, Goerlich R, Bernsmann T, Rink L. Development and validation of a ready to use cryo-EROD assay for the standardized screening of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in foodstuffs. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:206-214. [PMID: 30300728 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent European regulations have indicated the need for new bioanalytical screening methods capable of monitoring dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in foodstuffs and environmental samples, cost-effectively and with a quicker turnaround. Cryo-cells of the hepatic H4IIE line preserved in 96-well plates were exposed to sample extracts prepared from various foodstuffs and analysed for their content of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds by means of the 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-Deethylase (EROD)-assay in two laboratories. Assay data were compared between both laboratories and results from instrumental analysis used as a confirmatory method. Additionally, cut-off values for the different studied matrices were derived. The current European regulation regarding methods of analysis for the control of foodstuffs was applied with the aim of determining the feasibility of the cryo-methodology. Results obtained in both laboratories were in congruence with the required validation parameters of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 2017/644. Cut-off values should be established matrix-dependent to reduce the rate of false compliant results and to keep the rate of false non-compliant results under control. In summary, the ready-to-use cryo-assay method for the bioanalytical screening of foodstuffs in control laboratories without cell-culture facilities has successfully proven to be accurate, far quicker and more cost effective than current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walkiria Levy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Mertes
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Uciechowski
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Loa
- AcCELLerate GmbH, Osterfeldstraße 12-14, 22529, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Haedrich
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Freiburg, Bissierstrasse 5, 79114, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ines Thiem
- Lower Saxony State Institute for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover Dresdenstrasse 2, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institut für Umweltforschung, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Goerlich
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Institut für wirkungsbezogene Analytik e.v., Kerpen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bernsmann
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe, Postfach 1980, 48007, Münster, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Shangguan L, Wei Y, Wang K, Zhang Y, Liu S. Highly sensitive fluorescent bioassay of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin based on abnormal expression of cytochrome P450 1A2 in human cells. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1046:179-184. [PMID: 30482297 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current in vitro bioassays of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, a major threat carcinogen) are relied on murine cells and fluorescent probe 7-ethoxyresorufin (7-ER), in which TCDD mostly causes abnormal expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). However, for human cells, TCDD mainly leads to a distinct abnormal expression of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). The poor response of 7-ER to CYP1A2 limits the traditional bioassay for human cells. Herein, we report a fluorescent probe N-(3-hydroxybutyl)-4-methoxy-1,8-naphthalimide (HBMN) for in vitro bioassay of TCDD with human cells. HBMN had ca. 60 times higher affinity to CYP1A2 than 7-ER. As such, the sensing sensitivity increased by 10 times, and different expression of CYP1A2 by TCDD induction in different human cells was found. Besides, HBMN was also feasible in rapid screening of TCDD concentration by naked eye. It would open a new way to highly sensitive detect TCDD and understand the pathogenesis of TCDD in different human organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
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25
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Sathyanarayanan G, Haapala M, Kiiski I, Sikanen T. Digital microfluidic immobilized cytochrome P450 reactors with integrated inkjet-printed microheaters for droplet-based drug metabolism research. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6677-6687. [PMID: 30073515 PMCID: PMC6132693 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the development and characterization of digital microfluidic (DMF) immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) for studying cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated drug metabolism on droplet scale. The on-chip IMERs consist of porous polymer (thiol-ene) monolith plugs prepared in situ by photopolymerization and functionalized with recombinant CYP1A1 isoforms (an important detoxification route for many drugs and other xenobiotics). The DMF devices also incorporate inexpensive, inkjet-printed microheaters for on-demand regio-specific heating of the IMERs to physiological temperature, which is crucial for maintaining the activity of the temperature-sensitive CYP reaction. For on-chip monitoring of the CYP activity, the DMF devices were combined with a commercial well-plate reader, and a custom fluorescence quantification method was developed for detection of the chosen CYP1A1 model activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation). The reproducibility of the developed assay was examined with the help of ten parallel CYP-IMERs. All CYP-IMERs provided statistically significant difference (in fluorescence response) compared to any of the negative controls (including room-temperature reactions). The average (n = 10) turnover rate was 20.3 ± 9.0 fmol resorufin per minute. Via parallelization, the concept of the droplet-based CYP-IMER developed in this study provides a viable approach to rapid and low-cost prediction of the metabolic clearance of new chemical entities in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Sathyanarayanan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Haapala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiro Kiiski
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Sikanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Xie Y, Floehr T, Zhang X, Xiao H, Yang J, Xia P, Burton GA, Hollert H. In situ microbiota distinguished primary anthropogenic stressor in freshwater sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:189-197. [PMID: 29655065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional assessment and evaluation of sediment quality are based on laboratory-based ecotoxicological and chemical measurements with lack of concern for ecological relevance. Microbiotas in sediment are responsive to pollutants and can be used as alternative ecological indicators of sediment pollutants; however, the linkage between the microbial ecology and ecotoxicological endpoints in response to sediment contamination has been poorly evaluated. Here, in situ microbiotas from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area of the Yangtze River were characterized by DNA metabarcoding approaches, and then, changes of in situ microbiotas were compared with the ecotoxicological endpoint, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activity, and level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments. PAHs and organic pollutant mixtures mediating AhR activity had different effects on the structures of microbiotas. Specifically, Shannon indices of protistan communities were negatively correlated with the levels of AhR mediated activity and PAHs. The sediment AhR activity was positively correlated with the relative abundance of prokaryotic Acetobacteraceae, but had a negative correlation with protistan Oxytrichidae. Furthermore, a quantitative classification model was built to predict the level of AhR activity based on the relative abundances of Acetobacteraceae and Oxytrichidae. These results suggested that in situ Protista communities could provide a useful tool for monitoring and assessing ecological stressors. The observed responses of microbial community provided supplementary evidence to support that the AhR-active pollutants, such as PAHs, were the primary stressors of the aquatic community in TGR area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Allen Burton
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Nuesser L, Gembé C, Ohlig M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hecker M, Giesy JP, Hollert H. In vitro tools for the toxicological evaluation of sediments and dredged materials: intra- and inter-laboratory comparisons of chemical and bioanalytical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4037-4050. [PMID: 28913580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of in vitro bioassays for the screening of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) into management guidelines of dredged material is of increasing interest to regulators and risk assessors. This study reports on an intra- and inter-laboratory comparison study between four independent laboratories. A bioassay battery consisting of RTL-W1 (7-ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase; EROD), H4IIE (micro-EROD), and H4IIE-luc cells was used to assess aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects of sediments from two major European rivers, differently contaminated with DLCs. Each assay was validated by characterization of its limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), z-factor, reproducibility, and repeatability. DLC concentrations were measured using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) and compared to bioassay-specific responses via toxicity equivalents (TEQs) on intra- and inter-laboratory levels. The micro-EROD assay exhibited the best overall performance among the bioassays. It was ranked excellent (z-factor = 0.54), reached a repeatability > 75%, was highly comparable (r 2 = 0.87) and reproducible (83%) between two laboratories, and was well correlated (r 2 = 0.803) with TEQs. Its LOD and LOQ of 0.5 and 0.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively, approached LOQs of HRGC/HRMS measurements. In contrast, cell lines RTL-W1 and H4IIE-luc produced LODs > 0.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, LOQs > 1.7 pM 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and repeatability < 70%. Based on the data obtained, the micro-EROD assay is the most favorable bioanalytical tool, and via a micro-EROD-based limit value, it would allow for the assessment of sediment DLC concentrations; thus, it could be considered for the implementation into testing and management guidelines for dredged materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Leonie Nuesser
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Ohlig
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of the Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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28
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Dogruer G, Weijs L, Tang JYM, Hollert H, Kock M, Bell I, Madden Hof CA, Gaus C. Effect-based approach for screening of chemical mixtures in whole blood of green turtles from the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:321-329. [PMID: 28854388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are exposed to mixtures of both known and unknown chemicals which are diverse and variable, and thus difficult and costly to characterise and monitor using traditional target analyses. The objective of this study was to validate and apply in vitro effect-based methods by which whole blood can be used to screen internal exposure to such complex chemical mixtures. For this study, we used whole blood of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). To ensure the chemical mixture in blood is transferred with minimal losses or bias, we tested a modified QuEChERS extraction method specifically developed for multi- and non-target instrument analysis. The extracts were dosed to a battery of in vitro bioassays (AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32, NFκB-bla, VM7Luc4E2, Microtox), each with a different mode of action (e.g., AhR receptor mediated xenobiotics, NrF2-mediated oxidative stress, NFκB mediated response to inflammation, estrogen activity and baseline toxicity oxidative stress, respectively) in order to cover a wide spectrum of chemicals. Results confirmed the absence of interferences of the blood extract with the responses of the different assays, thus indicating the methods' compatibility with effect-based screening approaches. To apply this approach, whole blood samples were collected from green turtles foraging in agricultural, urban and remote areas of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. The effect-based screening revealed significant differences in exposure, with higher induction of AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32 and Microtox assays in turtles from the agricultural foraging ground. Overall, these results corroborated with concurrent health, target and non-target analyses in the same animals performed as part of a larger program. This study provides evidence that the proposed effect-based approach is suitable for screening and evaluating internal exposure of organisms to chemical mixtures. The approach could be valuable for advancing understanding on multiple levels ranging from identification of priority chemicals in effect-directed investigations to exploring relationships between exposure and disease, not only in sea turtles, but in any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsah Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Janet Yat-Man Tang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Threatened Species Unit, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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29
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Lin D, Kostov R, Huang JTJ, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Novel Pathways of Ponatinib Disposition Catalyzed By CYP1A1 Involving Generation of Potentially Toxic Metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:12-19. [PMID: 28882992 PMCID: PMC5596814 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ponatinib, a pan-BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), causes severe side effects including vascular occlusions, pancreatitis, and liver toxicity, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Modifications of critical proteins through reactive metabolites are thought to be responsible for a number of adverse drug reactions. In vitro metabolite screening of ponatinib with human liver microsomes and glutathione revealed unambiguous signals of ponatinib-glutathione (P-GSH) adducts. Further profiling of human cytochrome P450 (P450) indicated that CYP1A1 was the predominant P450 enzyme driving this reaction. P-GSH conjugate formation paralleled the disappearance of hydroxylated ponatinib metabolites, suggesting the initial reaction was epoxide generation. Mouse glutathione S-transferase p1 (mGstp1) further enhanced P-GSH adduct formation in vitro. Ponatinib pharmacokinetics were determined in vivo in wild-type (WT) mice and mice humanized for CYP1A1/2 and treated with the CYP1A1 inducers 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin or 3-methylcholanthrene. Ponatinib exposure was significantly decreased in treated mice compared with controls (7.7- and 2.2-fold for WT and humanized CYP1A1/2, respectively). Interestingly, the P-GSH conjugate was only found in the feces of CYP1A1-induced mice, but not in control animals. Protein adducts were also identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of mGstp1 tryptic digests. These results indicate that not only could CYP1A1 be involved in ponatinib disposition, which has not been previously reported, but also that electrophilic intermediates resulting from CYP1A1 metabolism in normal tissues may contribute to ponatinib toxicity. These data are consistent with a recent report that CML patients who smoke are at greater risk of disease progression and premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Lin
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre (D.L., C.J.H., C.R.W.), Molecular & Cellular Medicine (R.K.), and Biomarker & Drug Analysis Core (J.T.-J.H.), School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rumen Kostov
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre (D.L., C.J.H., C.R.W.), Molecular & Cellular Medicine (R.K.), and Biomarker & Drug Analysis Core (J.T.-J.H.), School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey T-J Huang
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre (D.L., C.J.H., C.R.W.), Molecular & Cellular Medicine (R.K.), and Biomarker & Drug Analysis Core (J.T.-J.H.), School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre (D.L., C.J.H., C.R.W.), Molecular & Cellular Medicine (R.K.), and Biomarker & Drug Analysis Core (J.T.-J.H.), School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre (D.L., C.J.H., C.R.W.), Molecular & Cellular Medicine (R.K.), and Biomarker & Drug Analysis Core (J.T.-J.H.), School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Fontao F, Barnes L, Kaya G, Saurat JH, Sorg O. From the Cover: High Susceptibility of Lrig1 Sebaceous Stem Cells to TCDD in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:230-243. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Kais B, Schiwy S, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Braunbeck T. In vivo EROD assays with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as rapid screening tools for the detection of dioxin-like activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:269-280. [PMID: 28268020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares two alternative in vivo approaches for the measurement of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following exposure to acetonic model sediment extracts: (1) the live-imaging EROD assay for the direct detection of EROD induction in individual livers via epifluorescence, and (2) the fish embryo EROD assay in subcellular fractions derived from entire zebrafish embryos after in vivo exposure. For toxicity assessment, each sediment extract was tested with the standard fish embryo test (FET). Upon completion of a functioning liver after 72h, the embryos gave a distinct fluorescent signal in the liver, and a corresponding EROD activity could be detected in the fish embryo EROD assay. The exposure time in the live-imaging EROD assay was reduced to 3h, which resulted in a stronger, less variable and more sensitive EROD response. Overall, the live-imaging and the fish embryo EROD assays showed the same tendencies and gave comparable results, e.g. a concentration-dependent increase in EROD activity at concentrations one order of magnitude below concentrations producing macroscopically visible abnormalities. At higher concentrations, however, a decrease of EROD activity was observed in either test. Both tests ranked the three model sediment extracts in the same order. Results indicate that both test systems complement each other and together provide a rapid and reliable in vivo tool to investigate the presence of dioxin-like substances in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Kais
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Xiao H, Brinkmann M, Thalmann B, Schiwy A, Große Brinkhaus S, Achten C, Eichbaum K, Gembé C, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Toward Streamlined Identification of Dioxin-like Compounds in Environmental Samples through Integration of Suspension Bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3382-3390. [PMID: 28190338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a powerful strategy to identify biologically active compounds in environmental samples. However, in current EDA studies, fractionation and handling procedures are laborious, consist of multiple evaporation steps, and thus bear the risk of contamination and decreased recoveries of the target compounds. The low resulting throughput has been one of the major bottlenecks of EDA. Here, we propose a high-throughput EDA (HT-EDA) work-flow combining reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of samples into 96-well microplates, followed by toxicity assessment in the micro-EROD bioassay with the wild-type rat hepatoma H4IIE cells, and chemical analysis of bioactive fractions. The approach was evaluated using single substances, binary mixtures, and extracts of sediment samples collected at the Three Gorges Reservoir, Yangtze River, China, as well as the rivers Rhine and Elbe, Germany. Selected bioactive fractions were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure laser ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. In addition, we optimized the work-flow by seeding previously adapted suspension-cultured H4IIE cells directly into the microplate used for fractionation, which makes any transfers of fractionated samples unnecessary. The proposed HT-EDA work-flow simplifies the procedure for wider application in ecotoxicology and environmental routine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | | | - Sigrid Große Brinkhaus
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Henner Hollert
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , 400030 Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University , 200092 Shanghai, China
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Development and application of a simple method to detect toxic chemicals in fruits and vegetables that can be implemented in a rudimentary laboratory setting: A proof of concept study. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xiao H, Krauss M, Floehr T, Yan Y, Bahlmann A, Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Zhang X, Yuan X, Brack W, Hollert H. Effect-Directed Analysis of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists in Sediments from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11319-11328. [PMID: 27640527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in the Yangtze River raises great concern in ecotoxicological research since large amounts of pollutants enter the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) water bodies after TGD impoundment. In this work, effect-directed analysis (EDA), combining effect assessment, fractionation procedure, and target and nontarget analyses, was used to characterize aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments of the TGR. Priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing four to five aromatic rings were found to contribute significantly to the overall observed effects in the area of Chongqing. The relatively high potency fractions in the Kaixian area were characterized by PAHs and methylated derivatives thereof and heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) such as dinaphthofurans. Benzothiazole and derivatives were identified as possible AhR agonists in the Kaixian area based on nontarget liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). To our knowledge, this study is the first one applying the EDA approach and identifying potential AhR agonists in TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Arnold Bahlmann
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
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Xiao H, Kuckelkorn J, Nüßer LK, Floehr T, Hennig MP, Roß-Nickoll M, Schäffer A, Hollert H. The metabolite 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) exerts a higher ecotoxicity than the parent compounds 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and propanil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 551-552:304-316. [PMID: 26878642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) is not commercially manufactured but formed as an unwanted by-product in the manufacturing of 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) or metabolized from the degradation of chloranilide herbicides, like propanil. While a considerable amount of research has been done concerning the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of propanil and 3,4-DCA, limited information is available on TCAB. Our study examined the toxicity of TCAB in comparison to its parent compounds propanil and 3,4-DCA, using a battery of bioassays including in vitro with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activity by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay and micro-EROD, endocrine-disrupting activity with chemically activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) as well as in vivo with fish embryo toxicity (FET) assays with Danio rerio. Moreover, the quantitative structure activity response (QSAR) concepts were applied to simulate the binding affinity of TCAB to certain human receptors. It was shown that TCAB has a strong binding affinity to the AhR in EROD and micro-EROD induction assay, with the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) of 8.7×10(-4) and 1.2×10(-5), respectively. TCAB presented to be a weak endocrine disrupting compound with a value of estradiol equivalence factor (EEF) of 6.4×10(-9) and dihydrotestosterone equivalency factor (DEF) of 1.1×10(-10). No acute lethal effects of TCAB were discovered in FET test after 96h of exposure. Major sub-lethal effects detected were heart oedema, yolk malformation, as well as absence of blood flow and tail deformation. QSAR modelling suggested an elevated risk to environment, particularly with respect to binding to the AhR. An adverse effect potentially triggering ERβ, mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activities might be expected. Altogether, the results obtained suggest that TCAB exerts a higher toxicity than both propanil and 3,4-DCA. This should be considered when assessing the impact of these compounds for the environment and also for regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Kuckelkorn
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Leonie Katharina Nüßer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Michael Patrick Hennig
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Avenue 163, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Tiansheng Road Beibei 1, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
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