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Zhang C, Tan R, Zhou X, Wang R, Wang X, Ma R, Chu F, Li Y, Yin T, Liu Z. Transcranial Magneto-Acoustic Stimulation Protects Synaptic Rehabilitation from Amyloid-Beta Plaques via Regulation of Microglial Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4651. [PMID: 38731870 PMCID: PMC11083601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), which is characterized by high spatiotemporal resolution and high penetrability, is a non-invasive neuromodulation technology based on the magnetic-acoustic coupling effect. To reveal the effects of TMAS treatment on amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer's disease, we conducted a comparative analysis of TMAS and transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) based on acoustic effects in 5xFAD mice and BV2 microglia cells. We found that the TMAS-TUS treatment effectively reduced amyloid plaque loads and plaque-associated neurotoxicity. Additionally, TMAS-TUS treatment ameliorated impairments in long-term memory formation and long-term potentiation. Moreover, TMAS-TUS treatment stimulated microglial proliferation and migration while enhancing the phagocytosis and clearance of Aβ. In 5xFAD mice with induced microglial exhaustion, TMAS-TUS treatment-mediated Aβ plaque reduction, synaptic rehabilitation improvement, and the increase in phospho-AKT levels were diminished. Overall, our study highlights that stimulation of hippocampal microglia by TMAS treatment can induce anti-cognitive impairment effects via PI3K-AKT signaling, providing hope for the development of new strategies for an adjuvant therapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ruxin Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ruru Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ren Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Fangxuan Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236# Baidi Road, Tianjin 300192, China; (C.Z.); (R.T.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (X.W.); (R.M.); (F.C.); (T.Y.)
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2
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Shibata K, Oda K, Nishizawa T, Hazama Y, Ono R, Takaramoto S, Bagherzadeh R, Yawo H, Nureki O, Inoue K, Akiyama H. Twisting and Protonation of Retinal Chromophore Regulate Channel Gating of Channelrhodopsin C1C2. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10779-10789. [PMID: 37129501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels and central optogenetic tools that can control neuronal activity with high temporal resolution at the single-cell level. Although their application in optogenetics has rapidly progressed, it is unsolved how their channels open and close. ChRs transport ions through a series of interlocking elementary processes that occur over a broad time scale of subpicoseconds to seconds. During these processes, the retinal chromophore functions as a channel regulatory domain and transfers the optical input as local structural changes to the channel operating domain, the helices, leading to channel gating. Thus, the core question on channel gating dynamics is how the retinal chromophore structure changes throughout the photocycle and what rate-limits the kinetics. Here, we investigated the structural changes in the retinal chromophore of canonical ChR, C1C2, in all photointermediates using time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, to reveal the rate-limiting factors of the photocycle and channel gating, we measured the kinetic isotope effect of all photoreaction processes using laser flash photolysis and laser patch clamp, respectively. Spectroscopic and electrophysiological results provided the following understanding of the channel gating: the retinal chromophore highly twists upon the retinal Schiff base (RSB) deprotonation, causing the surrounding helices to move and open the channel. The ion-conducting pathway includes the RSB, where inflowing water mediates the proton to the deprotonated RSB. The twisting of the retinal chromophore relaxes upon the RSB reprotonation, which closes the channel. The RSB reprotonation rate-limits the channel closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisei Shibata
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Oda
- Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishizawa
- Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yuji Hazama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ono
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shunki Takaramoto
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Reza Bagherzadeh
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yawo
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Keiichi Inoue
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Akiyama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Gao TT, Oh T, Mehta K, Huang YA, Camp T, Fan H, Han JW, Barnes CM, Zhang K. The clinical potential of optogenetic interrogation of pathogenesis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1243. [PMID: 37132114 PMCID: PMC10154842 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opsin-based optogenetics has emerged as a powerful biomedical tool using light to control protein conformation. Such capacity has been initially demonstrated to control ion flow across the cell membrane, enabling precise control of action potential in excitable cells such as neurons or muscle cells. Further advancement in optogenetics incorporates a greater variety of photoactivatable proteins and results in flexible control of biological processes, such as gene expression and signal transduction, with commonly employed light sources such as LEDs or lasers in optical microscopy. Blessed by the precise genetic targeting specificity and superior spatiotemporal resolution, optogenetics offers new biological insights into physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying health and diseases. Recently, its clinical potential has started to be capitalized, particularly for blindness treatment, due to the convenient light delivery into the eye. AIMS AND METHODS This work summarizes the progress of current clinical trials and provides a brief overview of basic structures and photophysics of commonly used photoactivable proteins. We highlight recent achievements such as optogenetic control of the chimeric antigen receptor, CRISPR-Cas system, gene expression, and organelle dynamics. We discuss conceptual innovation and technical challenges faced by current optogenetic research. CONCLUSION In doing so, we provide a framework that showcases ever-growing applications of optogenetics in biomedical research and may inform novel precise medicine strategies based on this enabling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Terry Gao
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Teak‐Jung Oh
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Yu‐En Andrew Huang
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignCenter for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Tyler Camp
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Huaxun Fan
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jeong Won Han
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Collin Michael Barnes
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Kai Zhang
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignDepartment of BiochemistryUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignCenter for Biophysics and Quantitative BiologyUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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4
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Lee YH, Kim YB, Kim KS, Jang M, Song HY, Jung SH, Ha DS, Park JS, Lee J, Kim KM, Cheon DH, Baek I, Shin MG, Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Choi HJ. Lateral hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons drive hunger-gated food-seeking and consummatory behaviours in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1486. [PMID: 36932069 PMCID: PMC10023672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For survival, it is crucial for eating behaviours to be sequenced through two distinct seeking and consummatory phases. Heterogeneous lateral hypothalamus (LH) neurons are known to regulate motivated behaviours, yet which subpopulation drives food seeking and consummatory behaviours have not been fully addressed. Here, in male mice, fibre photometry recordings demonstrated that LH leptin receptor (LepR) neurons are correlated explicitly in both voluntary seeking and consummatory behaviours. Further, micro-endoscope recording of the LHLepR neurons demonstrated that one subpopulation is time-locked to seeking behaviours and the other subpopulation time-locked to consummatory behaviours. Seeking or consummatory phase specific paradigm revealed that activation of LHLepR neurons promotes seeking or consummatory behaviours and inhibition of LHLepR neurons reduces consummatory behaviours. The activity of LHLepR neurons was increased via Neuropeptide Y (NPY) which acted as a tonic permissive gate signal. Our results identify neural populations that mediate seeking and consummatory behaviours and may lead to therapeutic targets for maladaptive food seeking and consummatory behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Been Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Ha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hyeon Cheon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhyeok Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gi Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, 101 Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Gangwon-do, 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, 101 Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Gangwon-do, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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Xia G, Shi H, Su Y, Han B, Shen C, Gao S, Chen Z, Xu C. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclases attenuate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008702. [PMID: 36330522 PMCID: PMC9624221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardiopathy, characterized by innate immune cells infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines release, may lead to perfusion failure or even life-threatening cardiogenic shock. Macrophages-mediated inflammation has been shown to contribute to sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. In the current study, we introduced two photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs), Beggiatoa sp. PAC (bPAC) and Beggiatoa sp. IS2 PAC (biPAC) into macrophages by transfection to detect the effects of light-induced regulation of macrophage pro-inflammatory response and LPS-induced sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. By this method, we uncovered that blue light-induced bPAC or biPAC activation considerably inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, both at mRNA and protein levels. Further, we assembled a GelMA-Macrophages-LED system, which consists of GelMA—a type of light crosslink hydrogel, gene modulated macrophages and wireless LED device, to allow light to regulate cardiac inflammation in situ with murine models of LPS-induced sepsis. Our results showed significant inhibition of leukocytes infiltration, especially macrophages and neutrophils, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and alleviation of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, our study may represent an emerging means to treat sepsis-induced myocardiopathy and other cardiovascular diseases by photo-activated regulating macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Wusong Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
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Sadeghi A, Afshari E, Hashemi M, Kaplan D, Mozafari M. Brainy Biomaterials: Latest Advances in Smart Biomaterials to Develop the Next Generation of Neural Interfaces. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Borja GB, Zhang H, Harwood BN, Jacques J, Grooms J, Chantre RO, Zhang D, Barnett A, Werley CA, Lu Y, Nagle SF, McManus OB, Dempsey GT. Highly Parallelized, Multicolor Optogenetic Recordings of Cellular Activity for Therapeutic Discovery Applications in Ion Channels and Disease-Associated Excitable Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:896320. [PMID: 35860501 PMCID: PMC9289666 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.896320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetic assays provide a flexible, scalable, and information rich approach to probe compound effects for ion channel drug targets in both heterologous expression systems and associated disease relevant cell types. Despite the potential utility and growing adoption of optogenetics, there remains a critical need for compatible platform technologies with the speed, sensitivity, and throughput to enable their application to broader drug screening applications. To address this challenge, we developed the SwarmTM, a custom designed optical instrument for highly parallelized, multicolor measurements in excitable cells, simultaneously recording changes in voltage and calcium activities at high temporal resolution under optical stimulation. The compact design featuring high power LEDs, large numerical aperture optics, and fast photodiode detection enables all-optical individual well readout of 24-wells simultaneously from multi-well plates while maintaining sufficient temporal resolution to probe millisecond response dynamics. The Swarm delivers variable intensity blue-light optogenetic stimulation to enable membrane depolarization and red or lime-light excitation to enable fluorescence detection of the resulting changes in membrane potential or calcium levels, respectively. The Swarm can screen ~10,000 wells/day in 384-well format, probing complex pharmacological interactions via a wide array of stimulation protocols. To evaluate the Swarm screening system, we optimized a series of heterologous optogenetic spiking HEK293 cell assays for several voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes including Nav1.2, Nav1.5, and Nav1.7. The Swarm was able to record pseudo-action potentials stably across all 24 objectives and provided pharmacological characterization of diverse sodium channel blockers. We performed a Nav1.7 screen of 200,000 small molecules in a 384-well plate format with all 560 plates reaching a Z' > 0.5. As a demonstration of the versatility of the Swarm, we also developed an assay measuring cardiac action potential and calcium waveform properties simultaneously under paced conditions using human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an additional counter screen for cardiac toxicity. In summary, the Swarm is a novel high-throughput all-optical system capable of collecting information-dense data from optogenetic assays in both heterologous and iPS cell-derived models, which can be leveraged to drive diverse therapeutic discovery programs for nervous system disorders and other disease areas involving excitable cells.
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8
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Hsiao IH, Liao HY, Lin YW. Optogenetic modulation of electroacupuncture analgesia in a mouse inflammatory pain model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9067. [PMID: 35641558 PMCID: PMC9156770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral tissue damage and associated inflammation can trigger neuroplastic changes in somatic pain pathways, such as reduced neuronal firing thresholds and synaptic potentiation, that ultimately lead to peripheral sensitization and chronic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) can relieve chronic inflammatory pain, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown, including the contributions of higher pain centers such as somatosensory cortex (SSC). We investigated these mechanisms using optogenetic modulation of SSC activity in a mouse inflammatory pain model. Injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant into the hind paw reliably induced inflammation accompanied by reduced mechanical and thermal pain thresholds (hyperalgesia) within three days (mechanical: 1.54 ± 0.13 g; thermal: 3.94 ± 0.43 s). Application of EA produced significant thermal and mechanical analgesia, but these responses were reversed by optogenetic activation of SSC neurons, suggesting that EA-induced analgesia involves modulation of central pain pathways. Western blot and immunostaining revealed that EA also attenuated CaMKIIα signaling in the dorsal root ganglion, central spinal cord, SSC, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In contrast, optogenetic activation of the SSC induced CaMKIIα signaling in SSC and ACC. These findings suggest that AE can relieve inflammatory pain by suppressing CaMKIIα-dependent plasticity in cortical pain pathways. The SSC and ACC CaMKIIα signaling pathways may be valuable therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Han Hsiao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yin Liao
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Han M, Karatum O, Nizamoglu S. Optoelectronic Neural Interfaces Based on Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20468-20490. [PMID: 35482955 PMCID: PMC9100496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic modulation of neural activity is an emerging field for the investigation of neural circuits and the development of neural therapeutics. Among a wide variety of nanomaterials, colloidal quantum dots provide unique optoelectronic features for neural interfaces such as sensitive tuning of electron and hole energy levels via the quantum confinement effect, controlling the carrier localization via band alignment, and engineering the surface by shell growth and ligand engineering. Even though colloidal quantum dots have been frontier nanomaterials for solar energy harvesting and lighting, their application to optoelectronic neural interfaces has remained below their significant potential. However, this potential has recently gained attention with the rise of bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we unravel the fundamentals of quantum-dot-based optoelectronic biointerfaces and discuss their neuromodulation mechanisms starting from the quantum dot level up to electrode-electrolyte interactions and stimulation of neurons with their physiological pathways. We conclude the review by proposing new strategies and possible perspectives toward nanodevices for the optoelectronic stimulation of neural tissue by utilizing the exceptional nanoscale properties of colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mertcan Han
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Onuralp Karatum
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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10
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Optical Modalities for Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Stroke and the Consequent Brain Injuries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and third most common cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, it is an important disease from a medical standpoint. For this reason, various studies have developed diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for stroke. Among them, developments and applications of optical modalities are being extensively studied. In this article, we explored three important optical modalities for research, diagnostic, and therapeutics for stroke and the brain injuries related to it: (1) photochemical thrombosis to investigate stroke animal models; (2) optical imaging techniques for in vivo preclinical studies on stroke; and (3) optical neurostimulation based therapy for stroke. We believe that an exploration and an analysis of previous studies will help us proceed from research to clinical applications of optical modalities for research, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke.
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11
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Abstract
Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following the initial discovery of microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics. Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically-encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on the basis of their fundamental photochemical properties to better inform the chemical basis and design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated "optophysiology"), and describe the current progress, as well as future trends, in wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation of physiological processes with minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated to spark novel thoughts on engineering next-generation optogenetic tools and devices that promise to accelerate both basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, United States
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12
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Kolesov DV, Sokolinskaya EL, Lukyanov KA, Bogdanov AM. Molecular Tools for Targeted Control of Nerve Cell Electrical Activity. Part I. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:52-64. [PMID: 34707897 PMCID: PMC8526180 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern life sciences, the issue of a specific, exogenously directed
manipulation of a cell’s biochemistry is a highly topical one. In the
case of electrically excitable cells, the aim of the manipulation is to control
the cells’ electrical activity, with the result being either excitation
with subsequent generation of an action potential or inhibition and suppression
of the excitatory currents. The techniques of electrical activity stimulation
are of particular significance in tackling the most challenging basic problem:
figuring out how the nervous system of higher multicellular organisms
functions. At this juncture, when neuroscience is gradually abandoning the
reductionist approach in favor of the direct investigation of complex neuronal
systems, minimally invasive methods for brain tissue stimulation are becoming
the basic element in the toolbox of those involved in the field. In this
review, we describe three approaches that are based on the delivery of
exogenous, genetically encoded molecules sensitive to external stimuli into the
nervous tissue. These approaches include optogenetics (Part I) as well as
chemogenetics and thermogenetics (Part II), which are significantly different
not only in the nature of the stimuli and structure of the appropriate effector
proteins, but also in the details of experimental applications. The latter
circumstance is an indication that these are rather complementary than
competing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Kolesov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - E. L. Sokolinskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - A. M. Bogdanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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13
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Oh TJ, Fan H, Skeeters SS, Zhang K. Steering Molecular Activity with Optogenetics: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000180. [PMID: 34028216 PMCID: PMC8218620 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics utilizes photosensitive proteins to manipulate the localization and interaction of molecules in living cells. Because light can be rapidly switched and conveniently confined to the sub-micrometer scale, optogenetics allows for controlling cellular events with an unprecedented resolution in time and space. The past decade has witnessed an enormous progress in the field of optogenetics within the biological sciences. The ever-increasing amount of optogenetic tools, however, can overwhelm the selection of appropriate optogenetic strategies. Considering that each optogenetic tool may have a distinct mode of action, a comparative analysis of the current optogenetic toolbox can promote the further use of optogenetics, especially by researchers new to this field. This review provides such a compilation that highlights the spatiotemporal accuracy of current optogenetic systems. Recent advances of optogenetics in live cells and animal models are summarized, the emerging work that interlinks optogenetics with other research fields is presented, and exciting clinical and industrial efforts to employ optogenetic strategy toward disease intervention are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teak-Jung Oh
- 600 South Mathews Avenue, 314 B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huaxun Fan
- 600 South Mathews Avenue, 314 B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Savanna S Skeeters
- 600 South Mathews Avenue, 314 B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- 600 South Mathews Avenue, 314 B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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14
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Mi Y, Zhao J, Chu H, Li Z, Yu M, Li L. Upconversion Luminescence-Controlled DNA Computation for Spatiotemporally Resolved, Multiplexed Molecular Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2500-2509. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Life Science, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Jeong YC, Lee HE, Shin A, Kim DG, Lee KJ, Kim D. Progress in Brain-Compatible Interfaces with Soft Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907522. [PMID: 32297395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural interfaces facilitating communication between the brain and machines must be compatible with the soft, curvilinear, and elastic tissues of the brain and yet yield enough power to read and write information across a wide range of brain areas through high-throughput recordings or optogenetics. Biocompatible-material engineering has facilitated the development of brain-compatible neural interfaces to support built-in modulation of neural circuits and neurological disorders. Recent developments in brain-compatible neural interfaces that use soft nanomaterials more suitable for complex neural circuit analysis and modulation are reviewed. Preclinical tests of the compatibility and specificity of these interfaces in animal models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheol Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Eol Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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16
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Imayoshi I, Tabuchi S, Matsumoto M, Kitano S, Miyachi H, Kageyama R, Yamanaka A. Light-induced silencing of neural activity in Rosa26 knock-in and BAC transgenic mice conditionally expressing the microbial halorhodopsin eNpHR3. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3191. [PMID: 32081938 PMCID: PMC7035371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An engineered light-inducible chloride pump, Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin 3 (eNpHR3) enables temporally and spatially precise inhibition of genetically defined cell populations in the intact nervous tissues. In this report, we show the generation of new mouse strains that express eNpHR3-EYFP fusion proteins after Cre- and/or Flp-mediated recombination to optically inhibit neuronal activity. In these mouse strains, Cre/Flp recombination induced high levels of opsin expression. We confirmed their light-induced activities by brain slice whole-cell patch clamp experiments. eNpHR3-expressing neurons were optically hyperpolarized and silenced from firing action potentials. In prolonged silencing of action potentials, eNpHR3 was superior to eNpHR2, a former version of the engineered pump. Thus, these eNpHR3 mouse strains offer reliable genetic tools for light-induced inhibiting of neuronal activity in defined sets of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Imayoshi
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Sawako Tabuchi
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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17
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Agus V, Janovjak H. All-Optical Miniaturized Co-culture Assay of Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2173:247-260. [PMID: 32651923 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0755-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated proteins enable the reversible and spatiotemporal control of cellular events in optogenetics. Optogenetics is also rapidly expanding into the field of drug discovery where it provides cost-effective and noninvasive approaches for cell manipulation in high-throughput screens. Here, we present a prototypical cell-based assay that applies Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) to recapitulate physiological membrane potential changes and test for voltage-gated ion channel (VGIC) blockade. ChR2 and the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel 1.2 (CaV1.2) are expressed in individual HEK293 cell lines that are then co-cultured for formation of gap junctions and an electrical syncytium. This co-culture allows identification of blockers using parallel fluorescence plate readers in the 384-well plate format in an all-optical mode of operation. The assay is transferable to other VGICs by modularly combining new and existing cell lines and potentially also to other drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Agus
- Department of Cell Biology, AXXAM S.p.A, Milan, Italy.
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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18
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Light Control of the Tet Gene Expression System in Mammalian Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:487-500.e6. [PMID: 30304687 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and its network structure are dynamically altered in multicellular systems during morphological, functional, and pathological changes. To precisely analyze the functional roles of dynamic gene expression changes, tools that manipulate gene expression at fine spatiotemporal resolution are needed. The tetracycline (Tet)-controlled gene expression system is a reliable drug-inducible method, and it is used widely in many mammalian cultured cells and model organisms. Here, we develop a photoactivatable (PA)-Tet-OFF/ON system for precise temporal control of gene expression at single-cell resolution. By integrating the cryptochrome 2-cryptochrome-interacting basic helix-loop-helix 1 (Cry2-CIB1) light-inducible binding switch, expression of the gene of interest is tightly regulated under the control of light illumination and drug application in our PA-Tet-OFF/ON system. This system has a large dynamic range of downstream gene expression and rapid activation/deactivation kinetics. We also demonstrate the optogenetic regulation of exogenous gene expression in vivo, such as in developing and adult mouse brains.
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19
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Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Pharmacological plasticity-How do you hit a moving target? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00532. [PMID: 31768257 PMCID: PMC6868654 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paul Ehrlich's concept of the magic bullet, by which a single drug induces pharmacological effects by interacting with a single receptor has been a strong driving force in pharmacology for a century. It is continually thwarted, though, by the fact that the treated organism is highly dynamic and the target molecule(s) is (are) never static. In this article, we address some of the factors that modify and cause the mobility and plasticity of drug targets and their interactions with ligands and discuss how these can lead to unexpected (lack of) effects of drugs. These factors include genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic variability, cellular plasticity, chronobiological rhythms, time, age and disease resolution, sex, drug metabolism, and distribution. We emphasize four existing approaches that can be taken, either singly or in combination, to try to minimize effects of pharmacological plasticity. These are firstly, to enhance specificity using target conditions close to those in diseases, secondly, by simultaneously or thirdly, sequentially aiming at multiple targets, and fourthly, in synchronization with concurrent dietary, psychological, training, and biorhythm-synchronizing procedures to optimize drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology & Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyJ.W. Goethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
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20
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Marazzi M, Gattuso H, Giussani A, Zhang H, Navarrete-Miguel M, Chipot C, Cai W, Roca-Sanjuán D, Dehez F, Monari A. Induced Night Vision by Singlet-Oxygen-Mediated Activation of Rhodopsin. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7133-7140. [PMID: 31652065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In humans, vision is limited to a small fraction of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. One possible strategy for enhancing vision in deep-red or poor-light conditions consists of recruiting chlorophyll derivatives in the rod photoreceptor cells of the eye, as suggested in the case of some deep-sea fish. Here, we employ all-atom molecular simulations and high-level quantum chemistry calculations to rationalize how chlorin e6 (Ce6), widely used in photodynamic therapy although accompanied by enhanced visual sensitivity, mediates vision in the dark, shining light on a fascinating but largely unknown molecular mechanism. First, we identify persistent interaction sites between Ce6 and the extracellular loops of rhodopsin, the transmembrane photoreceptor protein responsible for the first steps in vision. Triggered by Ce6 deep-red light absorption, the retinal within rhodopsin can be isomerized thus starting the visual phototransduction cascade. Our data largely exclude previously hypothesized energy-transfer mechanisms while clearly lending credence to a retinal isomerization indirectly triggered by singlet oxygen, proposing an alternative mechanism to rationalize photosensitizer-mediated night vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra , Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600 , E-28805 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , E-28871 Alcalá de Henares ( Madrid ), Spain
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - Hong Zhang
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | | | - Christophe Chipot
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Department of Physics , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1110 West Green Street , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 València , Spain
| | - François Dehez
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
| | - Antonio Monari
- LPCT , UMR 7019, Université de Lorraine and CNRS, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy , France
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21
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Liu K, Wang L. Optogenetics: Therapeutic spark in neuropathic pain. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2019; 19:321-327. [PMID: 30995901 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is an emerging field, which uses light and molecular genetics to manipulate the activity of live cells by expressing light-sensitive proteins. With the discovery of bacteriorhodopsin, a light-sensitive bacterial protein, in 1971 Oesterhelt and Stoeckenius laid the pavement of optogenetics. However, the cross-integration of different disciplines is a little more than a decade old. The toolbox contains fluorescent sensors and optogenetic actuators that enable visualization of signaling events and manipulation of cellular activities, respectively. Neuropathic pain is pain caused either by damage or disease that affects the somatosensory system. The exact mechanism for neuropathic pain is not known, however proposed mechanisms include immune reactions, ion channel expressions, and inflammation. Current regimen for the disease provides about 50% relief for only 40-60% of patients. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic applications of optogenetics by manipulating the activity of neurons. This review summarizes the basic concept, therapeutic applications for neuropathy, and potential of optogenetics to reach from bench to bedside in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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22
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Modi ME, Sahin M. A unified circuit for social behavior. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 165:106920. [PMID: 30149055 PMCID: PMC6387844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in circuit manipulation technologies have enabled the association of distinct neural circuits with complex social behaviors. The brain areas identified through historical anatomical characterizations as mediators of sexual and parental behaviors can now be functionally linked to adult social behaviors within a unified circuit. In vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics and chemogenetics have been used to follow the processing of social sensory stimuli from perception by the olfactory system to valence detection by the amygdala and mesolimbic dopamine system to integration by the cerebral and cerebellar cortices under modulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Further, these techniques have been able to identify the distinct functional changes induced by social as opposed to non-social stimuli. Together this evidence suggests that there is a distinct, functionally coupled circuit that is selectively activated by social stimuli. A unified social circuit provides a new framework against which synaptopathic autism related mutations can be considered and novel pharmacotherapeutic strategies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera E Modi
- Translational Neuroscience Center, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Translational Neuroscience Center, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States.
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23
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Abstract
This review addresses novel approaches for influencing the transcriptome, the
epigenome, the microbiome, the proteome, and the energy metabolome. These innovations
help develop psychotropic medications which will directly reach the molecular
targets, leading to beneficial effects, and which will be individually adapted to
provide more efficacy and less toxicity. The series of advances described here show
that these once utopian goals for psychiatric treatment are now real themes of
research, indicating that the future path for psychopharmacology might not be as
narrow and grim as considered during the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Schulz
- Private practice as psychiatrist; Head of the Unit of Clinical Psychopharmacology (retired), Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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24
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25
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Taura J, Nolen EG, Cabré G, Hernando J, Squarcialupi L, López-Cano M, Jacobson KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ciruela F. Remote control of movement disorders using a photoactive adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist. J Control Release 2018; 283:135-142. [PMID: 29859955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled adenosine receptors are promising therapeutic targets for a wide range of neuropathological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the ubiquity of adenosine receptors and the ultimate lack of selectivity of certain adenosine-based drugs have frequently diminished their therapeutic use. Photopharmacology is a novel approach that allows the spatiotemporal control of receptor function, thus circumventing some of these limitations. Here, we aimed to develop a light-sensitive caged adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist to photocontrol movement disorders. We synthesized MRS7145 by blocking with coumarin the 5-amino position of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH442416, which could be photoreleased upon violet light illumination (405 nm). First, the light-dependent pharmacological profile of MRS7145 was determined in A2AR-expressing cells. Upon photoactivation, MRS7145 precluded A2AR ligand binding and agonist-induced cAMP accumulation. Next, the ability of MRS7145 to block A2AR in a light-dependent manner was assessed in vivo. To this end, A2AR antagonist-mediated locomotor activity potentiation was evaluated in brain (striatum) fiber-optic implanted mice. Upon irradiation (405 nm) of the dorsal striatum, MRS7145 induced significant hyperlocomotion and counteracted haloperidol-induced catalepsy and pilocarpine-induced tremor. Finally, its efficacy in reversing motor impairment was evaluated in a PD animal model, namely the hemiparkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned mouse. Photo-activated MRS7145 was able to potentiate the number of contralateral rotations induced by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Overall, MRS7145 is a new light-operated A2AR antagonist with potential utility to manage movement disorders, including PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Taura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gisela Cabré
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Lucia Squarcialupi
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapéutica Experimental, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Wolff SB, Ölveczky BP. The promise and perils of causal circuit manipulations. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 49:84-94. [PMID: 29414070 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of increasingly sophisticated methods for recording and manipulating neural activity is revolutionizing neuroscience. By probing how activity patterns in different types of neurons and circuits contribute to behavior, these tools can help inform mechanistic models of brain function and explain the roles of distinct circuit elements. However, in systems where functions are distributed over large networks, interpreting causality experiments can be challenging. Here we review common assumptions underlying circuit manipulations in behaving animals and discuss the strengths and limitations of different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Be Wolff
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bence P Ölveczky
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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27
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Emerging crossover technologies: How to organize a biotechnology that becomes mainstream? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-017-9666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Rogerson LE, Behrens C, Euler T, Berens P, Schubert T. Connectomics of synaptic microcircuits: lessons from the outer retina. J Physiol 2017; 595:5517-5524. [PMID: 28295344 PMCID: PMC5556146 DOI: 10.1113/jp273671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors form a sophisticated synaptic complex with bipolar and horizontal cells, transmitting the signals generated by the phototransduction cascade to downstream retinal circuitry. The cone photoreceptor synapse shows several characteristic anatomical connectivity motifs that shape signal transfer: typically, ON-cone bipolar cells receive photoreceptor input through invaginating synapses; OFF-cone bipolar cells form basal synapses with photoreceptors. Both ON- and OFF-cone bipolar cells are believed to sample from all cone photoreceptors within their dendritic span. Electron microscopy and immunolabelling studies have established the robustness of these motifs, but have been limited by trade-offs in sample size and spatial resolution, respectively, constraining precise quantitative investigation to a few individual cells. 3D-serial electron microscopy overcomes these limitations and has permitted complete sets of neurons to be reconstructed over a comparatively large section of retinal tissue. Although the published mouse dataset lacks labels for synaptic structures, the characteristic anatomical motifs at the photoreceptor synapse can be exploited to identify putative synaptic contacts, which has enabled the development of a quantitative description of outer retinal connectivity. This revealed unexpected exceptions to classical motifs, including substantial interaction between rod and cone pathways at the photoreceptor synapse, sparse photoreceptor sampling and atypical contacts. Here, we summarize what was learned from this study in a more general context: we consider both the implications and limitations of the study and identify promising avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Edward Rogerson
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Christian Behrens
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Thomas Euler
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Philipp Berens
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
| | - Timm Schubert
- Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
- Centre for Integrative NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen72076TübingenGermany
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29
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Germain PL, Chiapperino L, Testa G. The European politics of animal experimentation: From Victorian Britain to 'Stop Vivisection'. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 64:75-87. [PMID: 28689133 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper identifies a common political struggle behind debates on the validity and permissibility of animal experimentation, through an analysis of two recent European case studies: the Italian implementation of the European Directive 2010/63/EC regulating the use of animals in science, and the recent European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) 'Stop Vivisection'. Drawing from a historical parallel with Victorian antivivisectionism, we highlight important threads in our case studies that mark the often neglected specificities of debates on animal experimentation. From the representation of the sadistic scientist in the XIX century, to his/her claimed capture by vested interests and evasion of public scrutiny in the contemporary cases, we show that animals are not simply the focus of the debate, but also a privileged locus at which much broader issues are being raised about science, its authority, accountability and potential misalignment with public interest. By highlighting this common socio-political conflict underlying public controversies around animal experimentation, our work prompts the exploration of modes of authority and argumentation that, in establishing the usefulness of animals in science, avoid reenacting the traditional divide between epistemic and political fora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Luc Germain
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), IFOM-IEO Campus, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Chiapperino
- Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Géopolis, CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), IFOM-IEO Campus, via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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30
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Font J, López-Cano M, Notartomaso S, Scarselli P, Di Pietro P, Bresolí-Obach R, Battaglia G, Malhaire F, Rovira X, Catena J, Giraldo J, Pin JP, Fernández-Dueñas V, Goudet C, Nonell S, Nicoletti F, Llebaria A, Ciruela F. Optical control of pain in vivo with a photoactive mGlu 5 receptor negative allosteric modulator. eLife 2017; 6:e23545. [PMID: 28395733 PMCID: PMC5388536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-operated drugs constitute a major target in drug discovery, since they may provide spatiotemporal resolution for the treatment of complex diseases (i.e. chronic pain). JF-NP-26 is an inactive photocaged derivative of the metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor negative allosteric modulator raseglurant. Violet light illumination of JF-NP-26 induces a photochemical reaction prompting the active-drug's release, which effectively controls mGlu5 receptor activity both in ectopic expressing systems and in striatal primary neurons. Systemic administration in mice followed by local light-emitting diode (LED)-based illumination, either of the thalamus or the peripheral tissues, induced JF-NP-26-mediated light-dependent analgesia both in neuropathic and in acute/tonic inflammatory pain models. These data offer the first example of optical control of analgesia in vivo using a photocaged mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulator. This approach shows potential for precisely targeting, in time and space, endogenous receptors, which may allow a better management of difficult-to-treat disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Font
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marc López-Cano
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Juanlo Catena
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Denny CA, Lebois E, Ramirez S. From Engrams to Pathologies of the Brain. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:23. [PMID: 28439228 PMCID: PMC5383718 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories are the experiential threads that tie our past to the present. The biological realization of a memory is termed an engram—the enduring biochemical and physiological processes that enable learning and retrieval. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of engram research that suggests we are closing in on boundary conditions for what qualifies as the physical manifestation of memory. In this review, we provide a brief history of engram research, followed by an overview of the many rodent models available to probe memory with intersectional strategies that have yielded unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution over defined sets of cells. We then discuss the limitations and controversies surrounding engram research and subsequently attempt to reconcile many of these views both with data and by proposing a conceptual shift in the strategies utilized to study memory. We finally bridge this literature with human memory research and disorders of the brain and end by providing an experimental blueprint for future engram studies in mammals. Collectively, we believe that we are in an era of neuroscience where engram research has transitioned from ephemeral and philosophical concepts to provisional, tractable, experimental frameworks for studying the cellular, circuit and behavioral manifestations of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA.,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI)/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Lebois
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc.Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard UniversityCambridge, MA, USA
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32
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Agus V, Janovjak H. Optogenetic methods in drug screening: technologies and applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:8-14. [PMID: 28273648 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The optogenetic revolution enabled spatially-precise and temporally-precise control over protein function, signaling pathway activation, and animal behavior with tremendous success in the dissection of signaling networks and neural circuits. Very recently, optogenetic methods have been paired with optical reporters in novel drug screening platforms. In these all-optical platforms, light remotely activated ion channels and kinases thereby obviating the use of electrophysiology or reagents. Consequences were remarkable operational simplicity, throughput, and cost-effectiveness that culminated in the identification of new drug candidates. These blueprints for all-optical assays also revealed potential pitfalls and inspire all-optical variants of other screens, such as those that aim at better understanding dynamic drug action or orphan protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Agus
- AXXAM SpA, via Meucci 3, 20091 Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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33
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Molokanova E, Mercola M, Savchenko A. Bringing new dimensions to drug discovery screening: impact of cellular stimulation technologies. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1045-1055. [PMID: 28179145 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current mandate for the drug discovery industry is to develop more efficient drugs faster while reducing the costs associated with their development. Incorporation of cell stimulation technologies during screening assays is expected to revolutionize the discovery of novel drugs as well as safety pharmacology. In this review, we highlight 'classical' and emerging cell stimulation technologies that provide the ability to evaluate the effects of drug candidates on cells in different functional states to assess clinically relevant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Molokanova
- Nanotools Bioscience, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alex Savchenko
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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34
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Mühlhäuser WW, Fischer A, Weber W, Radziwill G. Optogenetics - Bringing light into the darkness of mammalian signal transduction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:280-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Towne C, Thompson KR. Overview on Research and Clinical Applications of Optogenetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 75:11.19.1-11.19.21. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Towne
- Circuit Therapeutics, Inc Menlo Park California
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36
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Li YH, Wang PP, Li XX, Yu CY, Yang H, Zhou J, Xue WW, Tan J, Zhu F. The Human Kinome Targeted by FDA Approved Multi-Target Drugs and Combination Products: A Comparative Study from the Drug-Target Interaction Network Perspective. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165737. [PMID: 27828998 PMCID: PMC5102354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human kinome is one of the most productive classes of drug target, and there is emerging necessity for treating complex diseases by means of polypharmacology (multi-target drugs and combination products). However, the advantages of the multi-target drugs and the combination products are still under debate. A comparative analysis between FDA approved multi-target drugs and combination products, targeting the human kinome, was conducted by mapping targets onto the phylogenetic tree of the human kinome. The approach of network medicine illustrating the drug-target interactions was applied to identify popular targets of multi-target drugs and combination products. As identified, the multi-target drugs tended to inhibit target pairs in the human kinome, especially the receptor tyrosine kinase family, while the combination products were able to against targets of distant homology relationship. This finding asked for choosing the combination products as a better solution for designing drugs aiming at targets of distant homology relationship. Moreover, sub-networks of drug-target interactions in specific disease were generated, and mechanisms shared by multi-target drugs and combination products were identified. In conclusion, this study performed an analysis between approved multi-target drugs and combination products against the human kinome, which could assist the discovery of next generation polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong Li
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Pan Wang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Xu Li
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Yan Yu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wei Xue
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Institute of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, Innovative Drug Research Centre and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Iyer SM, Vesuna S, Ramakrishnan C, Huynh K, Young S, Berndt A, Lee SY, Gorini CJ, Deisseroth K, Delp SL. Optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies for sustained inhibition of pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30570. [PMID: 27484850 PMCID: PMC4971509 DOI: 10.1038/srep30570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatially targeted, genetically-specific strategies for sustained inhibition of nociceptors may help transform pain science and clinical management. Previous optogenetic strategies to inhibit pain have required constant illumination, and chemogenetic approaches in the periphery have not been shown to inhibit pain. Here, we show that the step-function inhibitory channelrhodopsin, SwiChR, can be used to persistently inhibit pain for long periods of time through infrequent transdermally delivered light pulses, reducing required light exposure by >98% and resolving a long-standing limitation in optogenetic inhibition. We demonstrate that the viral expression of the hM4D receptor in small-diameter primary afferent nociceptor enables chemogenetic inhibition of mechanical and thermal nociception thresholds. Finally, we develop optoPAIN, an optogenetic platform to non-invasively assess changes in pain sensitivity, and use this technique to examine pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Vesuna
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Karen Huynh
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie Young
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andre Berndt
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Soo Yeun Lee
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Karl Deisseroth
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott L. Delp
- Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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38
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Hunter P. Shining a light on optogenetics: Advances in electronics and protein engineering advance the field of optogenetics to study the activity of neuronal networks. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:634-7. [PMID: 27113765 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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