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Akiyama S, Sakamoto T, Kobayashi M, Matsubara D, Tsuchiya K. Clinical usefulness of hypoxia imaging colonoscopy for the objective measurement of ulcerative colitis disease activity. Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 99:1006-1016.e4. [PMID: 38184118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colonic mucosal hypoxia is associated with mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of hypoxia imaging colonoscopy for the evaluation of clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activities of UC. METHODS This retrospective cohort study comprised 100 consecutive patients with UC who underwent hypoxia imaging colonoscopy between September 2022 and September 2023 at the University of Tsukuba Hospital. Colonic tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was measured at the biopsy sites, and StO2 values between different disease activities were compared. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). RESULTS A significant correlation was identified between rectal StO2 and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, with moderate accuracy to predict bowel urgency at a 40.5% cutoff (AUROC, .74; 95% confidence interval [CI], .62-.87). Our analysis of 490 images showed median StO2 values for Mayo endoscopic subscores 0, 1, 2, and 3 as 52% (interquartile range [IQR], 48%-56%), 47% (IQR, 43%-52%), 42% (IQR, 38.8%-47%), and 39.5% (IQR, 37.3%-41.8%), respectively. Differences for all pairs were significant. Median StO2 was 49% (IQR, 44%-54%) for Geboes scores 0 to 2, significantly higher than histologically active disease (Geboes score ≥3). At a colonic StO2 cutoff of 45.5%, AUROCs for endoscopically and histologically active diseases were .79 (95% CI, .74-.84) and .72 (95% CI, .66-.77). CONCLUSIONS StO2 obtained by hypoxia imaging colonoscopy is useful for assessing clinical, endoscopic, and histologic activities of UC, suggesting that StO2 may be a novel and objective endoscopic measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taku Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Li H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Gao F, Ye X, Lin R, Wen M. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α inhibits heat stress-induced pig intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis through eif2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171649. [PMID: 38485018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Unstoppable global warming and increased frequency of extreme heat leads to human and animals easier to suffer from heat stress (HS), with gastrointestinal abnormalities as one of the initial clinical symptoms. HS induces intestinal mucosal damage owing to intestinal hypoxia and hyperthermia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) activates numerous genes to mediate cell hypoxic responses; however, its role in HS-treated intestinal mucosa is unknown. This work aimed to explore HIF-1α function and regulatory mechanisms in HS-treated pig intestines. We assigned 10 pigs to control and moderate HS groups. Physical signs, stress, and antioxidant levels were detected, and the intestines were harvested after 72 h of HS treatment to study histological changes and HIF-1α, heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD-2) expression. In addition, porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) underwent HS treatment (42 °C, 5 % O2) to further explore the functions and regulatory mechanism of HIF-1α. The results of histological examination revealed HS caused intestinal villi damage and increased apoptotic epithelial cell; the expression of HIF-1α and HSP90 increased while PHD-2 showed and opposite trend. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that HS activated HIF-1 signaling. To further explore the role of HIF-1α on HS induced IPEC-J2 apoptosis, the HIF-1α was interfered and overexpression respectively, and the result confirmed that HIF-1α could inhibited cell apoptosis under HS. Furthermore, HS-induced apoptosis depends on eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eif2α)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, and HIF-1α can inhibit this pathway to alleviate IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, this study suggests that HS can promote intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and cause pig intestinal mucosal barrier damage; the HIF-1α can alleviate cell apoptosis by inhibiting eif2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling. These results indicate that HIF-1α plays a protective role in HS, and offers a potential target for HS prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China
| | - Rutao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, PR China.
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DeFrates KG, Tong E, Cheng J, Heber‐Katz E, Messersmith PB. A Pro-Regenerative Supramolecular Prodrug Protects Against and Repairs Colon Damage in Experimental Colitis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304716. [PMID: 38247203 PMCID: PMC10987129 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Structural repair of the intestinal epithelium is strongly correlated with disease remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, ulcer healing is not addressed by existing therapies. To address this need, this study reports the use of a small molecule prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor (DPCA) to upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor one-alpha (HIF-1α) and induce mammalian regeneration. Sustained delivery of DPCA is achieved through subcutaneous injections of a supramolecular hydrogel, formed through the self-assembly of PEG-DPCA conjugates. Pre-treatment of mice with PEG-DPCA is shown to protect mice from epithelial erosion and symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Surprisingly, a single subcutaneous dose of PEG-DPCA, administered after disease onset, leads to accelerated weight gain and complete restoration of healthy tissue architecture in colitic mice. Rapid DPCA-induced restoration of the intestinal barrier is likely orchestrated by increased expression of HIF-1α and associated targets leading to an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Further investigation of DPCA as a potential adjunctive or stand-alone restorative treatment to combat active IBD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey G. DeFrates
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Elaine Tong
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | | | - Phillip B. Messersmith
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
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4
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Cheng MI, Hong L, Bustillos C, Chen B, Chin S, Luthers CR, Vo A, Sheikh SZ, Su MA. Cutting Edge: Hypoxia Sensing by the Histone Demethylase UTX (KDM6A) Limits Colitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Mucosal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1069-1074. [PMID: 38353647 PMCID: PMC10948288 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of inflammatory conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]), and adaptive responses have consequently evolved to protect against hypoxia-associated tissue injury. Because augmenting hypoxia-induced protective responses is a promising therapeutic approach for IBD, a more complete understanding of these pathways is needed. Recent work has demonstrated that the histone demethylase UTX is oxygen-sensitive, but its role in IBD is unclear. In this study, we show that hypoxia-induced deactivation of UTX downregulates T cell responses in mucosal inflammation. Hypoxia results in decreased T cell proinflammatory cytokine production and increased immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and these findings are recapitulated by UTX deficiency. Hypoxia leads to T cell accumulation of H3K27me3 histone modifications, suggesting that hypoxia impairs UTX's histone demethylase activity to dampen T cell colitogenic activity. Finally, T cell-specific UTX deletion ameliorates colonic inflammation in an IBD mouse model, implicating UTX's oxygen-sensitive demethylase activity in counteracting hypoxic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy I. Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lee Hong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology at Translational Science Research Institute, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Christian Bustillos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bryan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Scott Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christopher R. Luthers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Au Vo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shehzad Z. Sheikh
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, UNC Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Xiao J, Guo X, Wang Z. Crosstalk between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease: key clues toward unraveling the mystery. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385907. [PMID: 38605960 PMCID: PMC11007100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract constitutes a complex ecosystem, made up of countless gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune cells, with hypoxia being a fundamental environmental characteristic of this ecology. Under normal physiological conditions, a delicate balance exists among these complex "residents", with disruptions potentially leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The core pathology of IBD features a disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier, alongside evident immune and microecological disturbances. Central to these interconnected networks is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is a key regulator in gut cells for adapting to hypoxic conditions and maintaining gut homeostasis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as pivotal gut metabolites, serve as vital mediators between the host and microbiota, and significantly influence intestinal ecosystem. Recent years have seen a surge in research on the roles and therapeutic potential of HIF-1α and SCFAs in IBD independently, yet reviews on HIF-1α-mediated SCFAs regulation of IBD under hypoxic conditions are scarce. This article summarizes evidence of the interplay and regulatory relationship between SCFAs and HIF-1α in IBD, pivotal for elucidating the disease's pathogenesis and offering promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Xiao
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Department of Geriatric, the First People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Villareal LB, Xue X. The emerging role of hypoxia and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:169-184. [PMID: 38200624 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating disorder characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of IBD remains unknown, hampering the development of effective therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia, a condition resulting from inadequate oxygen supply, plays a crucial role in intestinal inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), transcription factors that regulate the cellular response to low oxygen levels, have gained attention for their involvement in modulating inflammatory processes and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The two most studied HIFs, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, have been implicated in the development and progression of IBD. Toxicological factors encompass a wide range of environmental and endogenous agents, including dietary components, microbial metabolites, and pollutants. These factors can profoundly influence the hypoxic microenvironment within the gut, thereby exacerbating the course of IBD and fostering the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. This review explores the regulation of hypoxia signaling at the molecular, microenvironmental, and environmental levels, investigating the intricate interplay between toxicological factors and hypoxic signaling in the context of IBD, focusing on its most concerning outcomes: intestinal fibrosis and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Villareal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Tian X, Liu F, Wang Z, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Huang C, Zhao J, Jiang S. Modified Biejia Jianwan decoction restrains PD-L1-mediated immune evasion through the HIF-1α/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117577. [PMID: 38104877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Modified Biejia Jianwan (M-BJJW), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) decoction, has exhibited great potential in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying functional mechanism still remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to explore the anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of M-BJJW, specifically its influence on PD-L1-mediated immune evasion in hypoxic conditions, and elucidate the related molecular mechanisms in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms underlying M-BJJW's effects on HCC, we employed a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat model maintained for 120 days. Following model establishment, flow cytometry was utilized to assess the distribution of immune cell populations in peripheral blood, spleens, and tumor tissues after M-BJJW administration. Simultaneously, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted to analyze cytokine profiles in serum samples. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression levels of crucial proteins within tumor tissues. Furthermore, HCC cells exposed to CoCl2 underwent Western blot analysis to validate the expression levels of HIF-1α, PD-L1, STAT3, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65. The modulatory effects of STAT3 and NF-κB p65 were investigated using specific inhibitors and activators in wild-type cell lines. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was utilized to identify the chemical constituents present in M-BJJW-medicated serum. The immunomodulatory properties and the anti-tumor activities of M-BJJW were evaluated by co-culturing with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the CCK-8 assay. Additionally, we assessed M-BJJW's impact on hypoxia-induced alterations in HCC cell lines using immunofluorescence and Western blot assessments. RESULTS M-BJJW exhibited substantial therapeutic advantages by effectively alleviating pathological deterioration within the HCC microenvironment. In the DEN-induced rat model, M-BJJW administration notably reduced tumor growth. Flow cytometry analyses revealed an increased proportion of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs). ELISA data supported a marked decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the suppressive effect of M-BJJW on the expression of HIF-1α and PD-L1. Notably, western blotting unveiled the role of HIF-1α in regulating PD-L1 expression via the STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in HCC cell lines, which was validated using activators and inhibitors of STAT3 and NF-κB. The CCK-8 assay and co-culture techniques demonstrated the anti-tumor activity of M-BJJW. Immunofluorescence and western blotting further confirmed that M-BJJW-containing serum dose-dependently inhibited HIF-1α, PD-L1, p-STAT3, and p-p65 in hypoxic HCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS M-BJJW demonstrates significant therapeutic potential against HCC by influencing the hypoxic microenvironment, thereby regulating the immunosuppressive milieu. Specifically, M-BJJW modulates the HIF-1α/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to reduced PD-L1 expression and an elevated ratio of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), while concurrently decreasing T regulatory cells (Tregs) and immunosuppressive factors. These synergistic effects aid in countering PD-L1-mediated immune evasion, presenting compelling pharmacological evidence supporting the clinical application of M-BJJW as a therapeutic approach for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Tian
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dengtian Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China.
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, China; First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Dokmak A, Sweigart B, Orekondy NS, Jangi S, Weinstock JV, Hamdeh S, Kochar GS, Shen B, Levy AN. Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024; 58:120-130. [PMID: 37682003 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) delivers 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing tissue oxygen levels and regulating inflammatory pathways. Mounting evidence suggests that HBOT may be effective for inflammatory bowel disease. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy and safety of HBOT in fistulizing Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases according to the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses" criteria. Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. RESULTS Sixteen studies with 164 patients were included in the analysis. For all fistula subtypes, the pooled overall clinical response was 87% (95% CI: 0.70-0.95, I2 = 0) and the pooled clinical remission was 59% (95% CI: 0.35-0.80, I2 = 0). The overall clinical response was 89%, 84%, and 29% for perianal, enterocutaneous, and rectovaginal fistulas, respectively. On meta-regression, hours in the chamber and the number of HBOT sessions were not found to correlate with clinical response. The pooled number of adverse events was low at 51.7 per 10,000 HBOT sessions for all fistula types (95% CI: 16.8-159.3, I2 = 0). The risk of bias was observed across all studies. CONCLUSION HBOT is a safe and potentially effective treatment option for fistulizing CD. Randomized control trials are needed to substantiate the benefit of HBOT in fistulizing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Dokmak
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Catholic Medical Center, Manchester, NH
| | | | | | - Sushrut Jangi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shadi Hamdeh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - Gursimran S Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bo Shen
- Center for Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Alexander N Levy
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Zhang J, Chen C, Yan W, Fu Y. New sights of immunometabolism and agent progress in colitis associated colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1303913. [PMID: 38273841 PMCID: PMC10808433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1303913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colitis associated colorectal cancer is a disease with a high incidence and complex course that develops from chronic inflammation and deteriorates after various immune responses and inflammation-induced attacks. Colitis associated colorectal cancer has the characteristics of both immune diseases and cancer, and the similarity of treatment models contributes to the similar treatment dilemma. Immunometabolism contributes to the basis of life and is the core of many immune diseases. Manipulating metabolic signal transduction can be an effective way to control the immune process, which is expected to become a new target for colitis associated colorectal cancer therapy. Immune cells participate in the whole process of colitis associated colorectal cancer development by transforming their functional condition via changing their metabolic ways, such as glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. The same immune and metabolic processes may play different roles in inflammation, dysplasia, and carcinoma, so anti-inflammation agents, immunomodulators, and agents targeting special metabolism should be used in combination to prevent and inhibit the development of colitis associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Liu D, Liang M, Fan A, Bing W, Qi J. Hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for precise disease theranostics. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4659. [PMID: 38286609 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Specific biomarker-activatable probes have revolutionized theranostics, being beneficial for precision medicine. Hypoxia is a critical pathological characteristic prevalent in numerous major diseases such as cancers, cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory diseases, and acute ischemia. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as a promising tool to tackle the biomedical issues. Of particular significance are the hypoxia-responsive AIEgens, representing a kind of crucial probe capable of delicately sensing and responding to the hypoxic microenvironment, thereby enhancing the precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for varied biomedical applications. The hypoxia-responsive structures based on AIEgens, such as azobenzene, nitrobenzene, and N-oxide are presented, which are in response to the reduction property to bring about significant alternations in response spectra and/or fluorescence intensity. The bioapplications including imaging and therapy of tumor and ischemia diseases are discussed. Moreover, the review sheds light on the future challenges and prospects in this field. This review aims to provide comprehensive guidance and understanding into the development of activatable bioprobes, especially the hypoxia-responsive AIEgens for improving the diagnosis and therapy outcome of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aohua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Bing
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Ji Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Ferenczi S, Mogor F, Takacs P, Kovacs T, Toth VE, Varga ZV, Kovács K, Lohinai Z, Vass KC, Nagy N, Dora D. Depletion of muscularis macrophages ameliorates inflammation-driven dysmotility in murine colitis model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22451. [PMID: 38105266 PMCID: PMC10725888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the presence of a blood-myenteric plexus barrier and its disruption was reported in experimentally induced colitis via a macrophage-dependent process. The aim of this study is to reveal how myenteric barrier disruption and subsequent neuronal injury affects gut motility in vivo in a murine colitis model. We induced colitis with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), with the co-administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate (L-clodronate) to simultaneously deplete blood monocytes contributing to macrophage infiltration in the inflamed muscularis of experimental mice. DSS-treated animals receiving concurrent L-clodronate injection showed significantly decreased blood monocyte numbers and colon muscularis macrophage (MM) density compared to DSS-treated control (DSS-vehicle). DSS-clodronate-treated mice exhibited significantly slower whole gut transit time than DSS-vehicle-treated animals and comparable to that of controls. Experiments with oral gavage-fed Evans-blue dye showed similar whole gut transit times in DSS-clodronate-treated mice as in control animals. Furthermore, qPCR-analysis and immunofluorescence on colon muscularis samples revealed that factors associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including Bax1, Hdac4, IL-18, Casp8 and Hif1a are overexpressed after DSS-treatment, but not in the case of concurrent L-clodronate administration. Our findings highlight that MM-infiltration in the muscularis layer is responsible for colitis-associated dysmotility and enteric neuronal dysfunction along with the release of mediators associated with neurodegeneration in a murine experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilamér Ferenczi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Mogor
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto St. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Peter Takacs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto St. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto St. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria E Toth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- Translational Medicine Institute, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Koppány Csaba Vass
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nandor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto St. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - David Dora
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto St. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
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12
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Poenariu IS, Boldeanu L, Ungureanu BS, Caragea DC, Cristea OM, Pădureanu V, Siloși I, Ungureanu AM, Statie RC, Ciobanu AE, Gheonea DI, Osiac E, Boldeanu MV. Interrelation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1 α) and the Ratio between the Mean Corpuscular Volume/Lymphocytes (MCVL) and the Cumulative Inflammatory Index (IIC) in Ulcerative Colitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3137. [PMID: 38137357 PMCID: PMC10741094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We intended to investigate the presence and medical application of serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) along with the already known systemic inflammatory markers and the new one's inflammatory indices, the proportion of mean corpuscular volume and lymphocytes (MCVL) and the cumulative inflammatory index (IIC), for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We sought to establish correlations that may be present between the serum levels of HIF-1α and these inflammatory indices, as well as their relationship with disease activity and the extent of UC, which can provide us with a more precise understanding of the evolution, prognosis, and future well-being of patients. Serum samples were collected from 46 patients diagnosed with UC and 23 controls. For our assessment of the serum levels of HIF-1α, we used the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Thus, for HIF-1α we detected significantly higher values in more severe and more extensive UC. When it came to MCVL and IIC, we observed statistically significant differences between the three groups being compared (Severe, Moderate, and Mild). Our study highlighted that HIF-1α correlated much better with a disease activity score, MCVL, and IIC. With MCVL and IIC, a strong and very strong correlation had formed between them and well-known inflammation indices. By examining the ROC curves of the analyzed parameters, we recognized that TWI (accuracy of 83.70%) provides the best discrimination of patients with early forms of UC, followed by HIF-1α (73.90% accuracy), MCVL (70.90% accuracy), and PLR (70.40%). In our study, we observed that HIF-1α, MCVL, and PLR had the same sensitivity (73.33%) but HIF-1α had a much better specificity (60.87% vs. 58.70%, and 54.35%). Also, in addition to the PLR, HIF-1α and MCVL can be used as independent predictor factors in the discrimination of patients with early forms of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Sabin Poenariu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.P.); (R.-C.S.); (A.E.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (O.M.C.); (A.M.U.)
| | - Bogdan Silviu Ungureanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.S.U.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Daniel Cosmin Caragea
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Oana Mariana Cristea
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (O.M.C.); (A.M.U.)
| | - Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Isabela Siloși
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Anca Marinela Ungureanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (O.M.C.); (A.M.U.)
| | - Răzvan-Cristian Statie
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.P.); (R.-C.S.); (A.E.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.S.U.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Alina Elena Ciobanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.P.); (R.-C.S.); (A.E.C.)
| | - Dan Ionuț Gheonea
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (B.S.U.); (D.I.G.)
| | - Eugen Osiac
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (I.S.); (M.V.B.)
- Medico Science SRL—Stem Cell Bank Unit, 200690 Craiova, Romania
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13
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Xia Y, Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Tu Q, Mao F, Sheng X. Role of glycolysis in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1242991. [PMID: 37881499 PMCID: PMC10595037 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1242991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been referred to as the "green cancer," and its progression to colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant challenge for the medical community. A common factor in their development is glycolysis, a crucial metabolic mechanism of living organisms, which is also involved in other diseases. In IBD, glycolysis affects gastrointestinal components such as the intestinal microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and the immune system, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and neutrophils, while in CRC, it is linked to various pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and transcription factors such as p53, Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and c-Myc. Thus, a comprehensive study of glycolysis is essential for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of both IBD and CRC. This paper reviews the role of glycolysis in diseases, particularly IBD and CRC, via its effects on the intestinal microbiota, immunity, barrier integrity, signaling pathways, transcription factors and some therapeutic strategies targeting glycolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Qiang Tu
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiumei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Serradilla J, Andrés Moreno AM, Talayero P, Burgos P, Machuca M, Camps Ortega O, Vallejo MT, Rubio Bolívar FJ, Bueno A, Sánchez A, Zambrano C, De la Torre Ramos CA, Rodríguez O, Largo C, Serrano P, Prieto Bozano G, Ramos E, López Santamaría M, Stringa P, Hernández F. Preclinical Study of DCD and Normothermic Perfusion for Visceral Transplantation. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11518. [PMID: 37745640 PMCID: PMC10514355 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Considering recent clinical and experimental evidence, expectations for using DCD-derived intestines have increased considerably. However, more knowledge about DCD procedure and long-term results after intestinal transplantation (ITx) is needed. We aimed to describe in detail a DCD procedure for ITx using normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in a preclinical model. Small bowel was obtained from pigs donors after 1 h of NRP and transplanted to the recipients. Graft Intestinal samples were obtained during the procedure and after transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (Park-Chiu score), graft rejection and transplanted intestines absorptive function were evaluated. Seven of 8 DCD procedures with NRP and ITx were successful (87.5%), with a good graft reperfusion and an excellent recovery of the recipient. The architecture of grafts was well conserved during NRP. After an initial damage of Park-chiu score of 4, all grafts recovered from ischemia-reperfusion, with no or very subtle alterations 2 days after ITx. Most recipients (71.5%) did not show signs of rejection. Only two cases demonstrated histologic signs of mild rejection 7 days after ITx. Interestingly intestinal grafts showed good absorptive capacity. The study's results support the viability of intestinal grafts from DCD using NRP, contributing more evidence for the use of DCD for ITx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Serradilla
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ane Miren Andrés Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Talayero
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Burgos
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Machuca
- Special Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Onys Camps Ortega
- Molecular Imaging and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Vallejo
- Molecular Imaging and Immunohistochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alba Bueno
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Zambrano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Andrés De la Torre Ramos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaia Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Largo
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Serrano
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplantation Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Prieto Bozano
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplantation Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Ramos
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplantation Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López Santamaría
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Stringa
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Immunological and Pathophysiological Studies (IIFP), National University of La Plata, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco Hernández
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Transplant Research Group, Institute for Health Research IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Rivera KR, Bliton RJ, Burclaff J, Czerwinski MJ, Liu J, Trueblood JM, Hinesley CM, Breau KA, Deal HE, Joshi S, Pozdin VA, Yao M, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT, Daniele MA, Magness ST. Hypoxia Primes Human ISCs for Interleukin-Dependent Rescue of Stem Cell Activity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:823-846. [PMID: 37562653 PMCID: PMC10520368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium can be caused by acute ischemic events or chronic inflammation in which immune cell infiltration produces inflammatory hypoxia starving the mucosa of oxygen. The epithelium has the capacity to regenerate after some ischemic and inflammatory conditions suggesting that intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly tolerant to acute and chronic hypoxia; however, the impact of hypoxia on human ISC (hISC) function has not been reported. Here we present a new microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate how hypoxia affects hISCs from healthy donors and test the hypothesis that prolonged hypoxia modulates how hISCs respond to inflammation-associated interleukins (ILs). METHODS hISCs were exposed to <1.0% oxygen in the MPS for 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Viability, hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF1a) response, transcriptomics, cell cycle dynamics, and response to cytokines were evaluated in hISCs under hypoxia. HIF stabilizers and inhibitors were screened to evaluate HIF-dependent responses. RESULTS The MPS enables precise, real-time control and monitoring of oxygen levels at the cell surface. Under hypoxia, hISCs maintain viability until 72 hours and exhibit peak HIF1a at 24 hours. hISC activity was reduced at 24 hours but recovered at 48 hours. Hypoxia induced increases in the proportion of hISCs in G1 and expression changes in 16 IL receptors. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition failed to reproduce hypoxia-dependent IL-receptor expression patterns. hISC activity increased when treated IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, and IL25 and rescued hISC activity caused by 24 hours of hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia pushes hISCs into a dormant but reversible proliferative state and primes hISCs to respond to a subset of ILs that preserves hISC activity. These findings have important implications for understanding intestinal epithelial regeneration mechanisms caused by inflammatory hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Czerwinski
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Trueblood
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Halston E Deal
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Shlok Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vladimir A Pozdin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Amanda L Ziegler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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16
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Cheng MI, Hong L, Chen B, Chin S, Luthers CR, Bustillos C, Sheikh SZ, Su MA. Hypoxia-sensing by the Histone Demethylase UTX ( KDM6A ) Controls Colitogenic CD4 + T cell Fate and Mucosal Inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550746. [PMID: 37546969 PMCID: PMC10402149 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of inflammatory conditions [e.g., inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)] and can exacerbate tissue damage in these diseases. To counteract hypoxia's deleterious effects, adaptive responses have evolved which protect against hypoxia-associated tissue injury. To date, much attention has focused on hypoxia-activated HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factors in these responses. However, recent work has identified epigenetic regulators that are also oxygen-sensitive, but their role in adaptation to hypoxic inflammation is currently unclear. Here, we show that the oxygen-sensing epigenetic regulator UTX is a critical modulator of colitis severity. Unlike HIF transcription factors that act on gut epithelial cells, UTX functions in colitis through its effects on immune cells. Hypoxia results in decreased CD4 + T cell IFN-γ production and increased CD4 + regulatory T cells, and these findings are recapitulated by T cell-specific UTX deficiency. Hypoxia impairs the histone demethylase activity of UTX, and loss of UTX function leads to accumulation of repressive H3K27me3 epigenetic marks at IL12/STAT4 pathway genes ( Il12rb2, Tbx21, and Ifng ). In a colitis mouse model, T cell-specific UTX deletion ameliorates colonic inflammation, protects against weight loss, and increases survival. Together these findings implicate UTX's oxygen-sensitive histone demethylase activity in mediating protective, hypoxia-induced pathways in colitis.
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He S, Li J, Yao Z, Gao Z, Jiang Y, Chen X, Peng L. Insulin alleviates murine colitis through microbiome alterations and bile acid metabolism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:498. [PMID: 37491256 PMCID: PMC10369930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the context of bowel inflammation. However, the role of the interaction between insulin and the microbiota in gut health is unclear. Our goal was to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin in bowel inflammation and the relationship between insulin and the gut microbiota. METHODS We used acute and chronic murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to evaluate whether insulin influences the progression of colitis. Colonic tissues, the host metabolome and the gut microbiome were analyzed to investigate the relationship among insulin treatment, the microbiome, and disease. Experiments involving antibiotic (Abx) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the association among the gut microbiota, insulin and IBD. In a series of experiments, we further defined the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin. RESULTS We found that low-dose insulin treatment alleviated intestinal inflammation but did not cause death. These effects were dependent on the gut microbiota, as confirmed by experiments involving Abx treatment and FMT. Using untargeted metabolomic profiling and 16S rRNA sequencing, we discovered that the level of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) was notably increased and the LCA levels were significantly associated with the abundance of Blautia, Enterorhadus and Rumi-NK4A214_group. Furthermore, LCA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by activating a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5), which inhibited the polarization of classically activated (M1) macrophages. CONCLUSION Together, these data suggest that insulin alters the gut microbiota and affects LCA production, ultimately delaying the progression of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiating Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zirong Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixian Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151, Yanjiang West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhu W, Chen Q, Li Y, Wan J, Li J, Tang S. HIF-1α-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Colitis by Regulating M1-like Macrophages Polarization toward M2-like Macrophages. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030825. [PMID: 36979804 PMCID: PMC10045413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A modified mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a highly effective and precise treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a significant curative effect. Thus, we aim to examine the efficacy of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)–1α-overexpressing MSC (HIF-MSC) transplantation in experimental colitis and investigate the immunity regulation mechanisms of HIF-MSC through macrophages. A chronic experimental colitis mouse model was established using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. HIF-MSC transplantation significantly attenuated colitis in weight loss rate, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and pathology score and effectively rebuilt the local and systemic immune balance. Macrophage depletion significantly impaired the benefits of HIF-MSCs on mice with colitis. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that HIF-MSCs significantly decreased the number of M1-like macrophages and increased the number of M2-like macrophages in colon tissues. In vitro, co-culturing with HIF-MSCs significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR-7), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and arginase I (Arg-1) in induced M1-like macrophages. Flow cytometry revealed that co-culturing with HIF-MSCs led to a decrease in the proportions of M1-like macrophages and an increase in that of M2-like macrophages. HIF-MSCs treatment notably upregulated the expression of downstream molecular targets of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-γ (PI3K-γ), including HIF-1α and p-AKT/AKT in the colon tissue. A selected PI3K-γ inhibitor, IPI549, attenuated these effects, as well as the effect on M2-like macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokines in colitis mice. In vitro, HIF-MSCs notably upregulated the expression of C/EBPβ and AKT1/AKT2, and PI3K-γ inhibition blocked this effect. Modified MSCs stably overexpressed HIF-1α, which effectively regulated macrophage polarization through PI3K-γ. HIF-MSC transplantation may be a potentially effective precision therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (J.W.)
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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19
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Roxadustat protect mice from DSS-induced colitis in vivo by up-regulation of TLR4. Genomics 2023; 115:110585. [PMID: 36801437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is growing in the population. At present, the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear, and there is no effective and low-toxic therapeutic drug. The role of the PHD-HIF pathway in relieving DSS-induced colitis is gradually being explored. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used as a model of DSS-induced colitis to explore the important role of Roxadustat in alleviating DSS-induced colitis. High-throughput RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR methods were used to screen and verify the key differential genes in the colon of mice between normal saline (NS) and Roxadustat groups. RESULTS Roxadustat could alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Compared with the mice in the NS group, TLR4 were significantly up-regulated in the Roxadustat group. TLR4 KO mice were used to verify the role of TLR4 in the alleviation of DSS-induced colitis by Roxadustat. CONCLUSION Roxadustat has a repairing effect on DSS-induced colitis, and may alleviate DSS-induced colitis by targeting the TLR4 pathway and promote intestinal stem cell proliferation.
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20
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Mucosal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:461. [PMID: 36838426 PMCID: PMC9967737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue homeostasis is a dynamic process that involves multiple mechanisms including regulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells which are critical for tissue homeostasis and immune response against pathogens. ILCs can sense environmental changes and rapidly respond by producing effector cytokines to limit pathogen spread and initiate tissue recovery. However, dysregulation of ILCs can also lead to immunopathology. Accumulating evidence suggests that ILCs are dynamic population that can change their phenotype and functions under rapidly changing tissue microenvironment. However, the significance of ILC plasticity in response to pathogens remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms regulating ILC plasticity in response to intestinal, respiratory and genital tract pathogens. Key transcription factors and lineage-guiding cytokines regulate this plasticity. Additionally, we discuss the emerging data on the role of tissue microenvironment, gut microbiota, and hypoxia in ILC plasticity in response to mucosal pathogens. The identification of new pathways and molecular mechanisms that control functions and plasticity of ILCs could uncover more specific and effective therapeutic targets for infectious and autoimmune diseases where ILCs become dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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21
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Rivera KR, Bliton RJ, Burclaff J, Czerwinski MJ, Liu J, Trueblood JM, Hinesley CM, Breau KA, Joshi S, Pozdin VA, Yao M, Ziegler AL, Blikslager AT, Daniele MA, Magness ST. A new microphysiological system shows hypoxia primes human ISCs for interleukin-dependent rescue of stem cell activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.524747. [PMID: 36778265 PMCID: PMC9915581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.524747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium can be caused by acute ischemic events or conditions like Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) where immune cell infiltration produces 'inflammatory hypoxia', a chronic condition that starves the mucosa of oxygen. Epithelial regeneration after ischemia and IBD suggests intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are highly tolerant to acute and chronic hypoxia; however, the impact of acute and chronic hypoxia on human ISC (hISC) properties have not been reported. Here we present a new microphysiological system (MPS) to investigate how hypoxia affects hISCs isolated from healthy human tissues. We then test the hypothesis that some inflammation-associated interleukins protect hISCs during prolonged hypoxia. Methods hISCs were exposed to <1.0% oxygen in the MPS for 6-, 24-, 48- & 72hrs. Viability, HIF1α response, transcriptomics, cell cycle dynamics, and hISC response to cytokines were evaluated. Results The novel MPS enables precise, real-time control and monitoring of oxygen levels at the cell surface. Under hypoxia, hISCs remain viable until 72hrs and exhibit peak HIF1α at 24hrs. hISCs lose stem cell activity at 24hrs that recovers at 48hrs of hypoxia. Hypoxia increases the proportion of hISCs in G1 and regulates hISC capacity to respond to multiple inflammatory signals. Hypoxia induces hISCs to upregulate many interleukin receptors and hISCs demonstrate hypoxia-dependent cell cycle regulation and increased organoid forming efficiency when treated with specific interleukins. Conclusions Hypoxia primes hISCs to respond differently to interleukins than hISCs in normoxia through a transcriptional response. hISCs slow cell cycle progression and increase hISC activity when treated with hypoxia and specific interleukins. These findings have important implications for epithelial regeneration in the gut during inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R. Rivera
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - R. Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Joseph Burclaff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Czerwinski
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Jintong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Jessica M. Trueblood
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Caroline M. Hinesley
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Shlok Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
| | - Vladimir A. Pozdin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 (USA)
| | - Amanda L. Ziegler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
| | - Scott T. Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC, 27695 (USA)
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 (USA)
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22
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Kakni P, Jutten B, Teixeira Oliveira Carvalho D, Penders J, Truckenmüller R, Habibovic P, Giselbrecht S. Hypoxia-tolerant apical-out intestinal organoids to model host-microbiome interactions. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314221149208. [PMID: 36699634 PMCID: PMC9869231 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221149208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome is an integral part of the gut and is essential for its proper function. Imbalances of the microbiota can be devastating and have been linked with several gastrointestinal conditions. Current gastrointestinal models do not fully reflect the in vivo situation. Thus, it is important to establish more advanced in vitro models to study host-microbiome/pathogen interactions. Here, we developed for the first time an apical-out human small intestinal organoid model in hypoxia, where the apical surface is directly accessible and exposed to a hypoxic environment. These organoids mimic the intestinal cell composition, structure and functions and provide easy access to the apical surface. Co-cultures with the anaerobic strains Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum showed successful colonization and probiotic benefits on the organoids. These novel hypoxia-tolerant apical-out small intestinal organoids will pave the way for unraveling unknown mechanisms related to host-microbiome interactions and serve as a tool to develop microbiome-related probiotics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kakni
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Jutten
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Teixeira Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,Stefan Giselbrecht, Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands.
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23
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Lun J, Zhang H, Guo J, Yu M, Fang J. Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045997. [PMID: 37201028 PMCID: PMC10187758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that is characterized by intestinal inflammation. Epithelial damage and loss of intestinal barrier function are believed to be the hallmark pathologies of the disease. In IBD, the resident and infiltrating immune cells consume much oxygen, rendering the inflamed intestinal mucosa hypoxic. In hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is induced to cope with the lack of oxygen and protect intestinal barrier. Protein stability of HIF is tightly controlled by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Stabilization of HIF through inhibition of PHDs is appearing as a new strategy of IBD treatment. Studies have shown that PHD-targeting is beneficial to the treatment of IBD. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of HIF and PHDs in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PHD-HIF pathway for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang,
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24
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Guo M, Liu W, Luo H, Shao Q, Li Y, Gu Y, Guan Y, Ma W, Chen M, Yang H, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxic stress accelerates the propagation of pathological alpha-synuclein and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:544-558. [PMID: 36514210 PMCID: PMC9873519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and the mechanism is unclear. It has become a top priority to find common factors that induce and affect PD pathology. We explored the key role of hypoxia in promoting the pathological propagation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the progression of PD. METHODS We performed PD modeling by conducting intracranial stereotaxic surgery in the unilateral striatum of mice. We then measured protein aggregation in vitro. The rotarod and pole tests were employed next to measure the damage of the phenotype. Pathological deposition and autophagy were also observed by immunofluorescence staining and protein levels measured by western blotting. RESULTS We demonstrated that short-term hypoxia activated phosphorylated (p)-α-syn in mice. We confirmed that p-α-syn was more readily formed aggregates than α-syn in vitro. Furthermore, we found that hypoxia promoted the activation and propagation of endogenous α-syn, contributing to the earlier degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of p-α-syn in our animal model. Finally, autophagy inhibition contributed to the above pathologies. CONCLUSION Hypoxia was shown to accelerate the pathological progression and damage phenotype in PD model mice. The results provided a promising research target for determining common interventions for PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weijin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,School of Rehabilitation MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hanjiang Luo
- Neuroscience LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuning Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yakun Gu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Ma
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Neuroscience LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuangxiChina
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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25
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Kennel KB, Burmeister J, Radhakrishnan P, Giese NA, Giese T, Salfenmoser M, Gebhardt JM, Strowitzki MJ, Taylor CT, Wielockx B, Schneider M, Harnoss JM. The HIF-prolyl hydroxylases have distinct and nonredundant roles in colitis-associated cancer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153337. [PMID: 36509284 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) control cellular adaptation to hypoxia and are considered promising therapeutic targets in IBD. However, their relevance in the pathogenesis of CAC remains elusive. We induced CAC in Phd1-/-, Phd2+/-, Phd3-/-, and WT mice with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Phd1-/- mice were protected against chronic colitis and displayed diminished CAC growth compared with WT mice. In Phd3-/- mice, colitis activity and CAC growth remained unaltered. In Phd2+/- mice, colitis activity was unaffected, but CAC growth was aggravated. Mechanistically, Phd2 deficiency (i) increased the number of tumor-associated macrophages in AOM/DSS-induced tumors, (ii) promoted the expression of EGFR ligand epiregulin in macrophages, and (iii) augmented the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling, which at least in part contributed to aggravated tumor cell proliferation in colitis-associated tumors. Consistently, Phd2 deficiency in hematopoietic (Vav:Cre-Phd2fl/fl) but not in intestinal epithelial cells (Villin:Cre-Phd2fl/fl) increased CAC growth. In conclusion, the 3 different PHD isoenzymes have distinct and nonredundant effects, promoting (PHD1), diminishing (PHD2), or neutral (PHD3), on CAC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian B Kennel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery and
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland, and the Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Dong Y, Yang Q, Niu R, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Bi Y, Liu G. Modulation of tumor‐associated macrophages in colitis‐associated colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4443-4459. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Qiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Ruiying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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27
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Macrophage immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases: From pathogenesis to therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Steiner CA, Cartwright IM, Taylor CT, Colgan SP. Hypoxia-inducible factor as a bridge between healthy barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C866-C878. [PMID: 35912990 PMCID: PMC9467472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00227.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The healthy mammalian intestine is lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells provide a selectively permeable barrier to luminal contents and normally do so in an efficient and effective manner. Barrier function in the healthy mucosa is provided via several mechanisms including epithelial junctional complexes, mucus production, as well as mucosal-derived antimicrobial proteins. As tissue metabolism is central to the maintenance of homeostasis in the mucosa, intestinal [Formula: see text] levels are uniquely low due to counter-current blood flow and the presence of the microbiota, resulting in the stabilization of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Ongoing studies have revealed that HIF molds normal intestinal metabolism and is central to the coordination of barrier regulation during both homeostasis and active disease. During acute inflammation, HIF is central to controlling the rapid restitution of the epithelium consistent with normal wound healing responses. In contrast, HIF may also contribute to the fibrostenotic response associated with chronic, nonresolving inflammation. As such, HIF may function as a double-edged sword in the overall course of the inflammatory response. Here, we review recent literature on the contribution of HIF to mucosal barrier function, wound healing, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen A Steiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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29
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Marcos Pasero H, García Tejedor A, Giménez-Bastida JA, Laparra Llopis JM. Modifiable Innate Biology within the Gut–Brain Axis for Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092098. [PMID: 36140198 PMCID: PMC9495985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prototypical inflammation-associated loss of cognitive function, with approximately 90% of the AD burden associated with invading myeloid cells controlling the function of the resident microglia. This indicates that the immune microenvironment has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Multiple peripheral stimuli, conditioned by complex and varied interactions between signals that stem at the intestinal level and neuroimmune processes, are involved in the progression and severity of AD. Conceivably, the targeting of critical innate immune signals and cells is achievable, influencing immune and metabolic health within the gut–brain axis. Considerable progress has been made, modulating many different metabolic and immune alterations that can drive AD development. However, non-pharmacological strategies targeting immunometabolic processes affecting neuroinflammation in AD treatment remain general and, at this point, are applied to all patients regardless of disease features. Despite these possibilities, improved knowledge of the relative contribution of the different innate immune cells and molecules comprising the chronically inflamed brain network to AD pathogenesis, and elucidation of the network hierarchy, are needed for planning potent preventive and/or therapeutic interventions. Moreover, an integrative perspective addressing transdisciplinary fields can significantly contribute to molecular pathological epidemiology, improving the health and quality of life of AD patients. This review is intended to gather modifiable immunometabolic processes based on their importance in the prevention and management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcos Pasero
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurora García Tejedor
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de Valencia—VIU, Pintor Sorolla 21, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food and Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Moisés Laparra Llopis
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food), Ctra Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(0)-9-1787-8100
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30
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibition Mitigates Allograft Injury During Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:e430-e440. [PMID: 35849574 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) determines primary allograft function after liver transplantation (LT). Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is associated with increased morbidity and impaired graft survival and can eventually progress to graft failure requiring retransplantation. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-prolyl hydroxylase containing enzymes (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) are molecular oxygen sensors, which control the adaptive hypoxia response through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In this study, we have investigated pharmacological activation of the HIF pathway through inhibition of PHDs as a strategy to reduce PGD after LT. METHODS Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated and the impact of the pan-PHD small-molecule inhibitor ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) on HIF-1 and its downstream target gene expression assessed. Subsequently, various rodent models of segmental warm liver ischemia and reperfusion and orthotopic LT were applied to study the impact of EDHB on normothermic or combined cold and warm liver IRI. Liver enzyme levels and histology were analyzed to quantify hepatic IRI. RESULTS In vitro, EDHB induced HIF-1 signaling and significantly upregulated its downstream target heme-oxygenase 1 in primary rat hepatocytes. In vivo, after establishment of the optimal EDHB pretreatment conditions in a murine IRI model, EDHB pretreatment significantly mitigated hepatic IRI after warm segmental liver ischemia and reperfusion and allograft injury after orthotopic LT in rats. Mechanistically, EDHB stabilized HIF-1 in the liver and subsequently increased hepatoprotective heme-oxygenase 1 levels, which correlated with reduced hepatic IRI in these models. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study establishes a strong therapeutic rationale for targeting PHDs with small-molecule inhibitors to mitigate PGD after LT.
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Wang F, Li Q, Xu T, Li Z, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Li X, Wang W, Qian H. An orally administered gold nanocluster with ROS scavenging for inflammatory bowel disease treatment. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wang Z, Yang H, Lv H, Huang C, Qian J. Vitamin D Receptor-Dependent Protective Effect of Moderate Hypoxia in a Mouse Colitis Model. Front Physiol 2022; 13:876890. [PMID: 35711312 PMCID: PMC9195869 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.876890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hypoxia is important for maintaining the intestinal barrier, its effect on the barrier during acute colitis and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To explore the influence of hypoxia in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the process. Colitis mice were subjected to hypoxia to detect intestinal barrier function changes. And the mechanisms were explored in vitro. First, compared with colitis mice without hypoxia stimulation, those with hypoxia stimulation showed significantly decreased pathological damage and improved permeability of the intestinal barrier. The expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1), HIF-1α as well as VDR was up-regulated in colitis mice with hypoxia stimulation. However, in VDR gene knockout (KO)colitis mice, hypoxia treatment showed no protective effect, suggesting the VDR dependency of this effect. Similarly although hypoxia stimulation could enhance the single-layer epithelial transmembrane electrical resistance in DLD-1 and NCM460 cells, these effects disappeared in VDR-knockdown cells. Furthermore, over-expression of HIF-1α in DLD-1 and NCM460 increased the expression of VDR, whereas HIF-1α-knockdown reduced the VDR expression directly. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays confirmed that HIF-1α can bind to the promoter region of the VDR gene under hypoxia. Finally, compared with their wild-type siblings, VDR-KO mice showed reduced abundance of anaerobic bacteria and SCFA-producing bacteria. Hypoxia was protective against DSS-induced colitis, and VDR is instrumental in it. Furthermore, HIF-1α-VDR mediates the effect of hypoxia on the barrier function. Moreover, intestinal flora may be an important link between hypoxia and VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Changzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing, China
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Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation of IgG plasma cells can contribute to hypoxia in the mucosa of active ulcerative colitis. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:335-344. [PMID: 35716204 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal hypoxia is detected in the mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC), however the mechanism and the cause of hypoxia is not fully understood, while a dense infiltration of plasma cells is observed in the inflamed mucosa of UC. When differentiating from a B cell to a plasma cell, the energy metabolism dramatically shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which results in a large amount of oxygen consumption of the plasma cell. We hypothesized that the plasma cell infiltration into the inflamed mucosa contributes to the mucosal hypoxia in UC in part. We examined the association between mucosal hypoxia and plasma cell infiltration in UC. More IgG plasma cells (but not IgA plasma cells) were distributed, and the nuclear and cell sizes were enlarged in hypoxic mucosa compared to normoxic mucosa in UC. Oxidative phosphorylation signature genes of these IgG plasma cells were markedly upregulated compared to those of other lymphoid cells infiltrating the lamina propria of inflamed mucosa of UC. Enlarged IgG plasma cells, which increase in number in the inflamed mucosa of UC, can be related to the hypoxic state of the inflamed mucosa of UC.
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NF-κB: A Double-Edged Sword Controlling Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061250. [PMID: 35740272 PMCID: PMC9219609 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, when properly mounted and precisely calibrated, is a beneficial process that enables the rapid removal of invading pathogens and/or cellular corpses and promotes tissue repair/regeneration to restore homeostasis after injury. Being a paradigm of a rapid response transcription factor, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family plays a central role in amplifying inflammation by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Additionally, NF-κB also induces the expression of pro-survival and -proliferative genes responsible for promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Paradoxically, recent studies have suggested that the NF-κB pathway can also exert inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production to temper inflammation. Here, we review our current understanding about the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of NF-κB and discuss the implication of its dichotomous inflammation-modulating activity in the context of inflammasome activation and tumorigenesis.
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Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Diseases with Focus on Cancer. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jorjanibiomedj.10.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Chen X, Jiang L, Han W, Bai X, Ruan G, Guo M, Zhou R, Liang H, Yang H, Qian J. Artificial Neural Network Analysis-Based Immune-Related Signatures of Primary Non-Response to Infliximab in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:742080. [PMID: 34992592 PMCID: PMC8724249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX) is an effective medication for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, one-third of UC patients show primary non-response (PNR) to IFX. Our study analyzed three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and used the RobustRankAggreg (RRA) algorithm to assist in identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IFX responders and non-responders. Then, an artificial intelligence (AI) technology, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis, was applied to validate the predictive value of the selected genes. The results showed that the combination of CDX2, CHP2, HSD11B2, RANK, NOX4, and VDR is a good predictor of patients' response to IFX therapy. The range of repeated overall area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.850 ± 0.103. Moreover, we used an independent GEO dataset to further verify the value of the six DEGs in predicting PNR to IFX, which has a range of overall AUC of 0.759 ± 0.065. Since protein detection did not require fresh tissue and can avoid multiple biopsies, our study tried to discover whether the key information, analyzed by RNA levels, is suitable for protein detection. Therefore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of colonic biopsy tissues from UC patients treated with IFX and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to further explore the clinical application value of the six DEGs at the protein level. The IHC staining of colon tissues from UC patients confirmed that VDR and RANK are significantly associated with IFX efficacy. Total IHC scores lower than 5 for VDR and lower than 7 for RANK had an AUC of 0.828 (95% CI: 0.665-0.991, p = 0.013) in predicting PNR to IFX. Collectively, we identified a predictive RNA model for PNR to IFX and explored an immune-related protein model based on the RNA model, including VDR and RANK, as a predictor of IFX non-response, and determined the cutoff value. The result showed a connection between the RNA and protein model, and both two models were available. However, the composite signature of VDR and RANK is more conducive to clinical application, which could be used to guide the preselection of patients who might benefit from pharmacological treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyin Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gechong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haozheng Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rees WD, Telkar N, Lin DTS, Wong MQ, Poloni C, Fathi A, Kobor M, Zachos NC, Steiner TS. An in vitro chronic damage model impairs inflammatory and regenerative responses in human colonoid monolayers. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110283. [PMID: 35045294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute damage to the intestinal epithelium can be repaired via de-differentiation of mature intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to a stem-like state, but there is a lack of knowledge on how intestinal stem cells function after chronic injury, such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We developed a chronic-injury model in human colonoid monolayers by repeated rounds of air-liquid interface and submerged culture. We use this model to understand how chronic intestinal damage affects the ability of IECs to (1) respond to microbial stimulation, using the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist FliC and (2) regenerate and protect the epithelium from further damage. Repeated rounds of damage impair the ability of IECs to regrow and respond to TLR stimulation. We also identify mRNA expression and DNA methylation changes in genes associated with IBD and colon cancer. This methodology results in a human model of recurrent IEC injury like that which occurs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nikita Telkar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada; BC Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David T S Lin
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - May Q Wong
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Chad Poloni
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Ayda Fathi
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Michael Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Rm. C328 HP East, VGH, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3J5, Canada.
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Li M, Zhang Y, Ren X, Niu W, Yuan Q, Cao K, Zhang J, Gao X, Su D. Activatable fluorogenic probe for accurate imaging of ulcerative colitis hypoxia in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:819-822. [PMID: 34928281 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple but efficient fluorogenic probe is reported for accurate imaging of ulcerative colitis via hypoxia detection. The hypoxia produced by ulcerative colitis can lead to the upregulation of nitroreductase (NTR). NB-NO2 provides a unique response to NTR, enabling accurate imaging of Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Wenchao Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Dongdong Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China.
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40
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Shevchenko NS, Krutenko NV, Zimnytska TV, Voloshyn KV. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in the development of chronic pathology. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj93.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the current understanding of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) role as regulators of oxygen-dependent reactions and inducers of genes expression in human organism. The focus is on the most significant relationships between the activation or inhibition of the HIFs intracellular system and development of the inflammatory process in various organs, chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract, osteoarticular system, kidneys as well as hematological, endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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41
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De Galan C, De Vos M, Hindryckx P, Laukens D, Van Welden S. Long-Term Environmental Hypoxia Exposure and Haematopoietic Prolyl Hydroxylase-1 Deletion Do Not Impact Experimental Crohn's Like Ileitis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090887. [PMID: 34571764 PMCID: PMC8464968 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia-induced signalling represents an important contributor to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. However, available data solely focus on colonic inflammation while the primary disease location in Crohn’s disease patients is the terminal ileum. Therefore, we explored the effects of environmental hypoxia and immune cell-specific deletion of oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 1 in a Crohn’s like ileitis mouse model. Five-week-old TNF∆ARE/+ mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were housed in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (8% O2) for 10 weeks. Although environmental hypoxia increased both systemic as ileal markers of hypoxia, the body weight evolution in both WT and TNF∆ARE/+ mice was not affected. Interestingly, hypoxia did increase circulatory monocytes, ileal mononuclear phagocytes and proinflammatory cytokine expression in WT mice. However, no histological or inflammatory gene expression differences in the ileum could be identified between TNF∆ARE/+ mice housed in hypoxia versus normoxia nor between TNF∆ARE/+ and WT mice with additional loss of immune cell-specific Phd1 expression. This is the first study showing that long-term environmental hypoxia or haematopoietic Phd1-deletion does not impact experimental ileitis. Therefore, it strongly questions whether targeting hypoxia-induced signalling via currently available PHD inhibitors would exert an immune suppressive effect in IBD patients with ileal inflammation. Abstract Environmental hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling in the gut influence inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis, however data is limited to colitis. Hence, we investigated the effect of environmental hypoxia and immune cell-specific deletion of oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 1 in a Crohn’s like ileitis mouse model. Therefore, 5-week-old C57/BL6 TNF∆ARE/+ mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were housed in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (8% O2) for 10 weeks. Systemic inflammation was assessed by haematology. Distal ileal hypoxia was evaluated by pimonidazole staining. The ileitis degree was scored on histology, characterized via qPCR and validated in haematopoietic Phd1-deficient TNF∆ARE/+ mice. Our results demonstrated that hypoxia did not impact body weight evolution in WT and TNF∆ARE/+ mice. Hypoxia increased red blood cell count, haemoglobin, haematocrit and increased pimonidazole intensity in the ileum. Interestingly, hypoxia evoked an increase in circulatory monocytes, ileal mononuclear phagocytes and proinflammatory cytokine expression in WT mice. Despite these alterations, no histological or ileal gene expression differences could be identified between TNF∆ARE/+ mice housed in hypoxia versus normoxia nor between haematopoietic Phd1-deficient TNF∆ARE/+ and their WT counterparts. Therefore, we demonstrated for the first time that long-term environmental hypoxia or haematopoietic Phd1-deletion does not impact experimental ileitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara De Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.G.); (M.D.V.); (P.H.); (D.L.)
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martine De Vos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.G.); (M.D.V.); (P.H.); (D.L.)
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.G.); (M.D.V.); (P.H.); (D.L.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Debby Laukens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.G.); (M.D.V.); (P.H.); (D.L.)
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.D.G.); (M.D.V.); (P.H.); (D.L.)
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-58-30
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Malkov MI, Lee CT, Taylor CT. Regulation of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) by Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092340. [PMID: 34571989 PMCID: PMC8466990 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are frequently co-incidental features of the tissue microenvironment in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. While the impact of hypoxia on inflammatory pathways in immune cells has been well characterized, less is known about how inflammatory stimuli such as cytokines impact upon the canonical hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, the master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. In this review, we discuss what is known about the impact of two major pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), on the regulation of HIF-dependent signaling at sites of inflammation. We report extensive evidence for these cytokines directly impacting upon HIF signaling through the regulation of HIF at transcriptional and post-translational levels. We conclude that multi-level crosstalk between inflammatory and hypoxic signaling pathways plays an important role in shaping the nature and degree of inflammation occurring at hypoxic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykyta I. Malkov
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chee Teik Lee
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (M.I.M.); (C.T.L.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Konjar Š, Pavšič M, Veldhoen M. Regulation of Oxygen Homeostasis at the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Site. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179170. [PMID: 34502078 PMCID: PMC8431628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique biology of the intestinal epithelial barrier is linked to a low baseline oxygen pressure (pO2), characterised by a high rate of metabolites circulating through the intestinal blood and the presence of a steep oxygen gradient across the epithelial surface. These characteristics require tight regulation of oxygen homeostasis, achieved in part by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent signalling. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) possess metabolic identities that are reflected in changes in mitochondrial function. In recent years, it has become widely accepted that oxygen metabolism is key to homeostasis at the mucosae. In addition, the gut has a vast and diverse microbial population, the microbiota. Microbiome–gut communication represents a dynamic exchange of mediators produced by bacterial and intestinal metabolism. The microbiome contributes to the maintenance of the hypoxic environment, which is critical for nutrient absorption, intestinal barrier function, and innate and/or adaptive immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we focus on oxygen homeostasis at the epithelial barrier site, how it is regulated by hypoxia and the microbiome, and how oxygen homeostasis at the epithelium is regulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Konjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Zhao C, Ma L, Luo Y, Li W, Xiao M, Zhu Q, Jiang Y. In vivo visualization and characterization of inflamed intestinal wall: the exploration of targeted microbubbles in assessing NF-κB expression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8973-8984. [PMID: 34409723 PMCID: PMC8435419 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NF‐κB, a critical cytokine of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), is a viable marker to reflect the inflammatory activity of the intestine. We aimed to develop NF‐κB‐targeted microbubbles (MBs) and perform molecular contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to quantify NF‐κB expressions on the intestinal wall in IBD mice in vivo. In this study, NF‐κB‐targeted MBs were fabricated by connecting biotin‐loaded NF‐κB antibodies and avidin‐loaded MBs. NF‐κB‐targeted MBs presented as transparent and round bubbles with an average diameter of 1.03/μm±0.01. The specific binding of targeted MBs and inflammatory cells was validated by in vitro experiments, including flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence, which revealed the specific binding of targeted MBs and inflammatory cells. Subsequently, NF‐κB‐targeted CEUS imaging was performed on mice with chemical‐induced colitis, and the peak intensity (PI) and time‐to‐peak (TTP) were quantified. Pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations were further implemented. For the target CEUS group, fast enhancement followed by slow subsiding was observed. The PI of target CEUS of the IBD mice was significantly higher than that of non‐target CEUS of the IBD mice, healthy controls and target CEUS of the treated IBD mice (34835%[13379–73492%] VS 437%[236–901%], 130%[79–231%], 528%[274–779%], p<0.0001), in accordance with the IHC results of NF‐κB expressions. The TTP of target CEUS of the treated mice was significantly higher than that of untreated mice (35.7s [18.1–49.5s] VS 8.3s [4.2–12.5s], p<0.0001). Therefore, we suggested that NF‐κB‐targeted CEUS could accurately detect and quantify NF‐κB expressions on the intestinal walls of IBD, enabling the evaluation of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengsu Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingli Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Nganou-Makamdop K, Talla A, Sharma AA, Darko S, Ransier A, Laboune F, Chipman JG, Beilman GJ, Hoskuldsson T, Fourati S, Schmidt TE, Arumugam S, Lima NS, Moon D, Callisto S, Schoephoerster J, Tomalka J, Mugyenyi P, Ssali F, Muloma P, Ssengendo P, Leda AR, Cheu RK, Flynn JK, Morou A, Brunet-Ratnasingham E, Rodriguez B, Lederman MM, Kaufmann DE, Klatt NR, Kityo C, Brenchley JM, Schacker TW, Sekaly RP, Douek DC. Translocated microbiome composition determines immunological outcome in treated HIV infection. Cell 2021; 184:3899-3914.e16. [PMID: 34237254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the microbiome on HIV disease is widely acknowledged although the mechanisms downstream of fluctuations in microbial composition remain speculative. We detected rapid, dynamic changes in translocated microbial constituents during two years after cART initiation. An unbiased systems biology approach revealed two distinct pathways driven by changes in the abundance ratio of Serratia to other bacterial genera. Increased CD4 T cell numbers over the first year were associated with high Serratia abundance, pro-inflammatory innate cytokines, and metabolites that drive Th17 gene expression signatures and restoration of mucosal integrity. Subsequently, decreased Serratia abundance and downregulation of innate cytokines allowed re-establishment of systemic T cell homeostasis promoting restoration of Th1 and Th2 gene expression signatures. Analyses of three other geographically distinct cohorts of treated HIV infection established a more generalized principle that changes in diversity and composition of translocated microbial species influence systemic inflammation and consequently CD4 T cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA; Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashish Arunkumar Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA; Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Chipman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gregory J Beilman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Torfi Hoskuldsson
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA; Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thomas E Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sahaana Arumugam
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Noemia S Lima
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Damee Moon
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel Callisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jeffery Tomalka
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA; Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana R Leda
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Ryan K Cheu
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Jacob K Flynn
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antigoni Morou
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy W Schacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 10900, USA; Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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46
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Chikina A, Matic Vignjevic D. At the right time in the right place: How do luminal gradients position the microbiota along the gut? Cells Dev 2021; 168:203712. [PMID: 34174490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is highly compartmentalized, where individual segments perform separate tasks to achieve common physiological goals. The gut luminal content, chyme, changes its chemical and physical properties as it passes through different intestinal segments. Together, the chyme composition, mucus, pH and oxygen gradients along the gut create a variety of highly distinct ecological niches that form, maintain and reinforce the symbiosis with the particular microbiota. Hosting different microbiota members at specific locations creates one of the most complex and sophisticated gradient - gradient of the local ecosystems that live and interact with each other, providing advantages and challenges to the host and creating our microbial self. Here, we discuss how intestinal luminal gradients are created and maintained in homeostasis, their role in a correct microbiota positioning, and their change upon inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Chikina
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
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47
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Skovdahl HK, Gopalakrishnan S, Svendsen TD, Granlund AVB, Bakke I, Ginbot ZG, Thorsvik S, Flatberg A, Sporsheim B, Ostrop J, Mollnes TE, Sandvik AK, Bruland T. Patient Derived Colonoids as Drug Testing Platforms-Critical Importance of Oxygen Concentration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679741. [PMID: 34054553 PMCID: PMC8156408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions. One promising test system to study effects of existing or emerging IBD treatments targeting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is intestinal organoids (“mini-guts”). However, the fact that healthy intestinal epithelium is in a physiologically hypoxic state has largely been neglected, and studies with intestinal organoids are mainly performed at oxygen concentration of 20%. We hypothesized that lowering the incubator oxygen level from 20% to 2% would recapitulate better the in vivo physiological environment of colonic epithelial cells and enhance the translational value of intestinal organoids as a drug testing platform. In the present study we examine the effects of the key IBD cytokines and drug targets TNF/IL17 on human colonic organoids (colonoids) under atmospheric (20%) or reduced (2%) O2. We show that colonoids derived from both healthy controls and IBD-patients are viable and responsive to IBD-relevant cytokines at 2% oxygen. Because chemokine release is one of the important immunoregulatory traits of the epithelium that may be fine-tuned by IBD-drugs, we also examined chemokine expression and release at different oxygen concentrations. We show that chemokine responses to TNF/IL17 in organoids display similarities to inflamed epithelium in IBD-patients. However, inflammation-associated genes induced by TNF/IL17 were attenuated at low oxygen concentration. We detected substantial oxygen-dependent differences in gene expression in untreated as well as TNF/IL17 treated colonoids in all donors. Further, for some of the IBD-relevant cytokines differences between colonoids from healthy controls and IBD patients were more pronounced in 2% O2 than 20% O2. Our results strongly indicate that an oxygen concentration similar to the in vivo epithelial cell environment is of essence in experimental pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shreya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tarjei Dahl Svendsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zekarias G Ginbot
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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48
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Han X, Mslati MA, Davies E, Chen Y, Allaire JM, Vallance BA. Creating a More Perfect Union: Modeling Intestinal Bacteria-Epithelial Interactions Using Organoids. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:769-782. [PMID: 33895425 PMCID: PMC8273413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids have become indispensable tools for many gastrointestinal researchers, advancing their studies of nontransformed intestinal epithelial cells, and their roles in an array of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. In many cases. these diseases, as well as many enteric infections, reflect pathogenic interactions between bacteria and the gut epithelium. The complexity of studying this microbe-epithelial interface in vivo has led to significant focus on modeling this cross-talk using organoid models. Considering how quickly the organoid field is advancing, it can be difficult to keep up to date with the latest techniques, as well as their respective strengths and weaknesses. This review addresses the advantages of using organoids derived from adult stem cells and the recently identified differences that biopsy location and patient age can have on organoids and their interactions with microbes. Several approaches to introducing bacteria in a relevant (apical) manner (ie, microinjecting 3-dimensional spheroids, polarity-reversed organoids, and 2-dimensional monolayers) also are addressed, as are the key readouts that can be obtained using these models. Lastly, the potential for new approaches, such as air-liquid interface, to facilitate studying bacterial interactions with important but understudied epithelial subsets such as goblet cells and their products, is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthias A Mslati
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joannie M Allaire
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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49
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Yu M, Lun J, Zhang H, Zhu L, Zhang G, Fang J. The non-canonical functions of HIF prolyl hydroxylases and their dual roles in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105982. [PMID: 33894356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are dioxygenases using oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as co-substrates. Under normoxia, PHDs hydroxylate the conserved prolyl residues of HIFα, leading to HIFα degradation. In hypoxia PHDs are inactivated, which results in HIFα accumulation. The accumulated HIFα enters nucleus and initiates gene transcription. Many studies have shown that PHDs have substrates other than HIFα, implying that they have HIF-independent non-canonical functions. Besides modulating protein stability, the PHDs-mediated prolyl hydroxylation affects protein-protein interaction and protein activity for alternative substrates. Increasing evidence indicates that PHDs also have hydroxylase-independent functions. They influence protein stability, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interaction in a hydroxylase-independent manner. These findings highlight the functional diversity and complexity of PHDs. Due to having inhibitory activity on HIFα, PHDs are proposed to act as tumor suppressors. However, research shows that PHDs exert either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing features. Here, we try to summarize the current understanding of PHDs hydroxylase-dependent and -independent functions and their roles in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Yu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Jie Lun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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50
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Dengler F, Sova S, Salo AM, Mäki JM, Koivunen P, Myllyharju J. Expression and Roles of Individual HIF Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase Isoenzymes in the Regulation of the Hypoxia Response Pathway along the Murine Gastrointestinal Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4038. [PMID: 33919829 PMCID: PMC8070794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4H) control hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a powerful mechanism regulating cellular adaptation to decreased oxygenation. The gastrointestinal epithelium subsists in "physiological hypoxia" and should therefore have an especially well-designed control over this adaptation. Thus, we assessed the absolute mRNA expression levels of the HIF pathway components, Hif1a, HIF2a, Hif-p4h-1, 2 and 3 and factor inhibiting HIF (Fih1) in murine jejunum, caecum and colon epithelium using droplet digital PCR. We found a higher expression of all these genes towards the distal end of the gastrointestinal tract. We detected mRNA for Hif-p4h-1, 2 and 3 in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Hif-p4h-2 had significantly higher expression levels compared to Hif-p4h-1 and 3 in colon and caecum epithelium. To test the roles each HIF-P4H isoform plays in the gut epithelium, we measured the gene expression of classical HIF target genes in Hif-p4h-1-/-, Hif-p4h-2 hypomorph and Hif-p4h-3-/- mice. Only Hif-p4h-2 hypomorphism led to an upregulation of HIF target genes, confirming a predominant role of HIF-P4H-2. However, the abundance of Hif-p4h-1 and 3 expression in the gastrointestinal epithelium implies that these isoforms may have specific functions as well. Thus, the development of selective inhibitors might be useful for diverging therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dengler
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sofia Sova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Antti M. Salo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Joni M. Mäki
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (S.S.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.M.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
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