1
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Thomas ACQ, Stead CA, Burniston JG, Phillips SM. Exercise-specific adaptations in human skeletal muscle: Molecular mechanisms of making muscles fit and mighty. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:341-356. [PMID: 39147070 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to a predominantly hypertrophied phenotype versus a predominantly oxidative phenotype, the hallmarks of resistance training (RT) or aerobic training (AT), respectively, are being unraveled. In humans, exposure of naïve persons to either AT or RT results in their skeletal muscle exhibiting generic 'exercise stress-related' signaling, transcription, and translation responses. However, with increasing engagement in AT or RT, the responses become refined, and the phenotype typically associated with each form of exercise emerges. Here, we review some of the mechanisms underpinning the adaptations of how muscles become, through AT, 'fit' and RT, 'mighty.' Much of our understanding of molecular exercise physiology has arisen from targeted analysis of post-translational modifications and measures of protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of specific residue sites has been a dominant focus, with canonical signaling pathways (AMPK and mTOR) studied extensively in the context of AT and RT, respectively. These alone, along with protein synthesis, have only begun to elucidate key differences in AT and RT signaling. Still, key yet uncharacterized differences exist in signaling and regulation of protein synthesis that drive unique adaptation to AT and RT. Omic studies are required to better understand the divergent relationship between exercise and phenotypic outcomes of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Q Thomas
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Connor A Stead
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Protein Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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2
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Okuma H, Tsuchiya K. Tissue-specific activation of insulin signaling as a potential target for obesity-related metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 262:108699. [PMID: 39111411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity-associated insulin resistance has long been established as a significant risk factor for obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Insulin plays a key role in systemic glucose metabolism, with the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue as the major acting tissues. Insulin receptors and the downstream insulin signaling-related molecules are expressed in various tissues, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages. In obesity, decreased insulin action is considered a driver for associated disorders. However, whether insulin action has a positive or negative effect on obesity-related disorders depends on the tissue in which it acts. While an enhancement of insulin signaling in the liver increases hepatic fat accumulation and exacerbates dyslipidemia, enhancement of insulin signaling in adipose tissue protects against obesity-related dysfunction of various organs by increasing the capacity for fat accumulation in the adipose tissue and inhibiting ectopic fat accumulation. Thus, this "healthy adipose tissue expansion" by enhancing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, but not in the liver, may be an effective therapeutic strategy for obesity-related disorders. To effectively address obesity-related metabolic disorders, the mechanisms of insulin resistance in various tissues of obese patients must be understood and drugs that enhance insulin action must be developed. In this article, we review the potential of interventions that enhance insulin signaling as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related disorders, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of insulin action in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okuma
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan.
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3
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Ahmad F, Abdullah M, Khan Z, Stępień P, Rehman SU, Akram U, Rahman MHU, Ali Z, Ahmad D, Gulzar RMA, Ali MA, Salama EAA. Genome-wide analysis and prediction of chloroplast and mitochondrial RNA editing sites of AGC gene family in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for abiotic stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:888. [PMID: 39343888 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is one of the topmost fiber crops throughout the globe. During the last decade, abrupt changes in the climate resulted in drought, heat, and salinity. These stresses have seriously affected cotton production and significant losses all over the textile industry. The GhAGC kinase, a subfamily of AGC group and member of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases group and is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The AGC kinases are compulsory elements of cell development, metabolic processes, and cell death in mammalian systems. The investigation of RNA editing sites within the organelle genomes of multicellular vascular plants, such as Gossypium hirsutum holds significant importance in understanding the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. METHODS In present work, we characterized twenty-eight GhAGC genes in cotton and constructed phylogenetic tree using nine different species from the most primitive to the most recent. RESULTS In sequence logos analyses, highly conserved amino acid residues were found in G. hirsutum, G. arboretum, G. raimondii and A. thaliana. The occurrence of cis-acting growth and stress-related elements in the promoter regions of GhAGCs highlight the significance of these factors in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Ka/Ks levels demonstrated that purifying selection pressure resulting from segmental events was applied to GhAGC with little functional divergence. We focused on identifying RNA editing sites in G. hirsutum organelles, specifically in the chloroplast and mitochondria, across all 28 AGC genes. CONCLUSION The positive role of GhAGCs was explored by quantifying the expression in the plant tissues under abiotic stress. These findings help in understanding the role of GhAGC genes under abiotic stresses which may further be used in cotton breeding for the development of climate smart varieties in abruptly changing climate.
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Grants
- 32130075 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 32130075 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 32130075 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2021AB008, 2020CB003 Science Technology and Achievement Transformation Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
- 2021AB008, 2020CB003 Science Technology and Achievement Transformation Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
- 2021AB008, 2020CB003 Science Technology and Achievement Transformation Project of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
- ADP-LO21002838 Punjab, Pak ADP Funded Project entitled National Crop Genomics and Speed Breeding Center for Agri-cultural Sustainability
- ADP-LO21002838 Punjab, Pak ADP Funded Project entitled National Crop Genomics and Speed Breeding Center for Agri-cultural Sustainability
- ADP-LO21002838 Punjab, Pak ADP Funded Project entitled National Crop Genomics and Speed Breeding Center for Agri-cultural Sustainability
- ADP-LO21002838 Punjab, Pak ADP Funded Project entitled National Crop Genomics and Speed Breeding Center for Agri-cultural Sustainability
- ADP-LO21002838 Punjab, Pak ADP Funded Project entitled National Crop Genomics and Speed Breeding Center for Agri-cultural Sustainability
- RSP2024R306 King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan Ahmad
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zulqurnain Khan
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Piotr Stępień
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, Wroclaw, 50-357, Poland.
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Umar Akram
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Sino-Pak Joint Research Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Daraz Ahmad
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Amir Gulzar
- Laboratory of molecular biology of plant disease resistance, institute of Biotechnology, college of agriculture and biotechnology, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab A A Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
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Xu L, Jang H, Nussinov R. Capturing Autoinhibited PDK1 Reveals the Linker's Regulatory Role, Informing Innovative Inhibitor Design. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 39348509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
PDK1 is crucial for PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/MAPK cancer signaling. It phosphorylates AKT in a PIP3-dependent but S6K, SGK, and RSK kinases in a PIP3-independent manner. Unlike its substrates, its autoinhibited monomeric state has been unclear, likely due to its low population time, and phosphorylation in the absence of PIP3 has been puzzling too. Here, guided by experimental data, we constructed models and performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. In the autoinhibited PDK1 conformation that resembles autoinhibited AKT, binding of the linker between the kinase and PH domains to the PIF-binding pocket promotes the formation of the Glu130-Lys111 salt bridge and weakens the association of the kinase domain with the PH domain, shifting the population from the autoinhibited state to states accessible to the membrane and its kinase substrates. The interaction of the substrates' hydrophobic motif and the PDK1 PIF-binding pocket facilitates the release of the autoinhibition even in the absence of PIP3. Phosphorylation of the serine-rich motif within the linker further attenuates the association of the PH domain with the kinase domain. These suggest that while the monomeric autoinhibited state is relatively stable, it can readily shift to its active, catalysis-prone state to phosphorylate its diverse substrates. Our findings reveal the PDK1 activation mechanism and discover the regulatory role of PDK1's linker, which lead to two innovative linker-based inhibitor strategies: (i) locking the autoinhibited PDK1 through optimization of the interactions of AKT inhibitors with the PH domain of PDK1 and (ii) analogs (small molecules or peptidomimetics) that mimic the linker interactions with the PIF-binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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Howard PG, Zou P, Zhang Y, Huang F, Tesic V, Wu CYC, Lee RHC. Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain. Exp Neurol 2024; 382:114973. [PMID: 39326820 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Serum/Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1), a serine/threonine kinase, is ubiquitous across a wide range of tissues, orchestrating numerous signaling pathways and associated with various human diseases. SGK1 has been extensively explored in diverse types of immune and inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular disorders, as well as cancer metastasis. These studies link SGK1 to cellular proliferation, survival, metabolism, membrane transport, and drug resistance. Recently, increasing research has focused on SGK1's role in neurological disorders, including a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease), brain injuries (e.g., cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury), psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression and drug addiction). SGK1 is emerging as an increasingly compelling therapeutic target across the spectrum of neurological disorders, supported by the availability of several effective agents. However, the conclusions of many studies observing the prevalence and function of SGK1 in neurological disorders are contradictory, necessitating a review of the SGK1 research within neurological disorders. Herein, we review recent literature on SGK1's primary functions within the nervous system and its impacts within different neurological disorders. We summarize significant findings, identify research gaps, and outline possible future research directions based on the current understanding of SGK1 to help further progress the understanding and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Grace Howard
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Peibin Zou
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA.
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Institute for Cerebrovascular and Neuroregeneration Research, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Shreveport, Louisiana State University Health, LA, USA; Department of Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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6
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Cheng Y, Hou W, Fang H, Yan Y, Lu Y, Meng T, Ma C, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Li H, Li H, Xiao N. SENP2-NDR2-p21 axis modulates lung cancer cell growth. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176761. [PMID: 38908669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific proteases (SENPs) perform pivotal roles in SUMO maturation and recycling, which modulate the balance of SUMOylation/de-SUMOylation and spatiotemporal functions of SUMOylation targets. The malfunction of SENPs often results in cellular dysfunction and various diseases. However, studies rarely investigated the correlation between SENP2 and lung cancer. This study revealed that SENP2 is a required contributor to lung cancer-cell growth and targets nuclear Dbf2-related 2 (NDR2, also known as serine/threonine kinase 38L or STK38L) for de-SUMOylation, which improves NDR2 kinase activity. This condition leads to the instability of downstream target p21 in accelerating the G1/S cell cycle transition and suggests SENP2 as a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer in the future. Specifically, astragaloside IV, an active ingredient of Jinfukang Oral Liquid (JOL, a clinical combination antilung cancer drug approved by the National Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of China), can repress lung cancer-cell growth via the SENP2-NDR2-p21 axis, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of JOL for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxin Hou
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjie Yan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Longhua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Department of Performance Management, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Tianshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Changning District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fujian, China.
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Herneisen AL, Peters ML, Smith TA, Shortt E, Lourido S. SPARK regulates AGC kinases central to the Toxoplasma gondii asexual cycle. eLife 2024; 13:RP93877. [PMID: 39136687 PMCID: PMC11321763 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites balance proliferation, persistence, and spread in their metazoan hosts. AGC kinases, such as PKG, PKA, and the PDK1 ortholog SPARK, integrate environmental signals to toggle parasites between replicative and motile life stages. Recent studies have cataloged pathways downstream of apicomplexan PKG and PKA; however, less is known about the global integration of AGC kinase signaling cascades. Here, conditional genetics coupled to unbiased proteomics demonstrates that SPARK complexes with an elongin-like protein to regulate the stability of PKA and PKG in the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Defects attributed to SPARK depletion develop after PKG and PKA are down-regulated. Parasites lacking SPARK differentiate into the chronic form of infection, which may arise from reduced activity of a coccidian-specific PKA ortholog. This work delineates the signaling topology of AGC kinases that together control transitions within the asexual cycle of this important family of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Michelle L Peters
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Tyler A Smith
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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8
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Xu G, Li L, Lv M, Li C, Yu J, Zeng X, Meng X, Yu G, Liu K, Cheng S, Luo H, Xu B. Discovery of novel 4-trifluoromethyl-2-anilinoquinoline derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents targeting SGK1. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10951-4. [PMID: 39117890 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Given the critical necessity for the development of more potent anti-cancer drugs, a series of novel compounds incorporating trifluoromethyl groups within the privileged 2-anilinoquinoline scaffold was designed, synthesized, and subjected to biological evaluation through a pharmacophore hybridization strategy. Upon evaluating the in vitro anti-cancer characteristics of the target compounds, it became clear that compound 8b, which contains a (4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino substitution at the 2-position of the quinoline skeleton, displayed superior efficacy against four cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Following research conducted in a PC3 xenograft mouse model, it was found that compound 8b exhibited significant anti-cancer efficacy while demonstrating minimal toxicity. Additionally, the analysis of a 217-kinase panel pinpointed SGK1 as a potential target for this compound class with anti-cancer capabilities. This finding was further verified through molecular docking analysis and cellular thermal shift assays. To conclude, our results emphasize that compound 8b can be used as a lead compound for the development of anti-cancer drugs that target SGK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Mengfan Lv
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xueling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Bixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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9
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Shrestha P, Kandel J, Tayara H, Chong KT. Post-translational modification prediction via prompt-based fine-tuning of a GPT-2 model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6699. [PMID: 39107330 PMCID: PMC11303401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are pivotal in modulating protein functions and influencing cellular processes like signaling, localization, and degradation. The complexity of these biological interactions necessitates efficient predictive methodologies. In this work, we introduce PTMGPT2, an interpretable protein language model that utilizes prompt-based fine-tuning to improve its accuracy in precisely predicting PTMs. Drawing inspiration from recent advancements in GPT-based architectures, PTMGPT2 adopts unsupervised learning to identify PTMs. It utilizes a custom prompt to guide the model through the subtle linguistic patterns encoded in amino acid sequences, generating tokens indicative of PTM sites. To provide interpretability, we visualize attention profiles from the model's final decoder layer to elucidate sequence motifs essential for molecular recognition and analyze the effects of mutations at or near PTM sites to offer deeper insights into protein functionality. Comparative assessments reveal that PTMGPT2 outperforms existing methods across 19 PTM types, underscoring its potential in identifying disease associations and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palistha Shrestha
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kandel
- Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kil To Chong
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
- Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Lei Z, Pan C, Li F, Wei D, Ma Y. SGK1 promotes the lipid accumulation via regulating the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 in bovine. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:737. [PMID: 39080526 PMCID: PMC11290151 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an essential role in cellular stress response and regulation of multiple metabolic processes. However, its role in bovine adipogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of SGK1 in bovine lipid accumulation and improvement of meat quality. METHODS Preadipocytes were induced to differentiation to detect the temporal expression pattern of SGK1. Heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, muscle and fat tissues were collected to detect its tissue expression profile. Recombinant adenovirus and the lentivirus were packaged for overexpression and knockdown. Oil Red O staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, Yeast two-hybrid assay, luciferase assay and RNA-seq were performed to study the regulatory mechanism of SGK1. RESULTS SGK1 showed significantly higher expression in adipose and significantly induced expression in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of SGK1 greatly promoted adipogenesis and inhibited proliferation, which could be shown by the remarkable increasement of lipid droplet, and the expression levels of adipogenic marker genes and cell cycle-related genes. Inversely, its knockdown inhibited adipogenesis and facilitated proliferation. Mechanistically, SGK1 regulates the phosphorylation and expression of two critical proteins of FoxO family, FOXO1/FOXO3. Importantly, SGK1 attenuates the transcriptional repression role of FOXO1 for PPARγ via phosphorylating the site S256, then promoting the bovine fat deposition. CONCLUSIONS SGK1 is a required epigenetic regulatory factor for bovine preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, which contributes to a better understanding of fat deposition and meat quality improvement in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiong Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Cuili Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Fen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yun Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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11
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Koussis K, Haase S, Withers-Martinez C, Flynn HR, Kunzelmann S, Christodoulou E, Ibrahim F, Skehel M, Baker DA, Blackman MJ. Activation loop phosphorylation and cGMP saturation of PKG regulate egress of malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012360. [PMID: 38935780 PMCID: PMC11236177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) is the sole cGMP sensor in malaria parasites, acting as an essential signalling hub to govern key developmental processes throughout the parasite life cycle. Despite the importance of PKG in the clinically relevant asexual blood stages, many aspects of malarial PKG regulation, including the importance of phosphorylation, remain poorly understood. Here we use genetic and biochemical approaches to show that reduced cGMP binding to cyclic nucleotide binding domain B does not affect in vitro kinase activity but prevents parasite egress. Similarly, we show that phosphorylation of a key threonine residue (T695) in the activation loop is dispensable for kinase activity in vitro but is essential for in vivo PKG function, with loss of T695 phosphorylation leading to aberrant phosphorylation events across the parasite proteome and changes to the substrate specificity of PKG. Our findings indicate that Plasmodium PKG is uniquely regulated to transduce signals crucial for malaria parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koussis
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Haase
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Cryptosporidiosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen R. Flynn
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Kunzelmann
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Christodoulou
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fairouz Ibrahim
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Skehel
- Proteomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Baker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Ren QW, Liu TY, Lan HJ, Li ZC, Huang MJ, Zhao YT, Chen Y, Liao LN, Ma XH, Liu JZ. Partially knocking out NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using CRISPR/CAS9 technology results in auxin-related developmental defects. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112057. [PMID: 38460553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic AGC protein kinase subfamily (protein kinase A/ protein kinase G/ protein kinase C-family) is involved in regulating numerous biological processes across kingdoms, including growth and development, and apoptosis. PDK1(3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in eukaryotes, which is both a member of AGC kinase and a major regulator of many other downstream AGC protein kinase family members. Although extensively investigated in model plant Arabidopsis, detailed reports for tobacco PDK1s have been limited. To better understand the functions of PDK1s in tobacco, CRISPR/CAS9 transgenic lines were generated in tetraploid N. tabacum, cv. Samsun (NN) with 5-7 of the 8 copies of 4 homologous PDK1 genes in tobacco genome (NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d homologs) simultaneously knocked out. Numerous developmental defects were observed in these NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d CRISPR/CAS9 lines, including cotyledon fusion leaf shrinkage, uneven distribution of leaf veins, convex veins, root growth retardation, and reduced fertility, all of which reminiscence of impaired polar auxin transport. The severity of these defects was correlated with the number of knocked out alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d. Consistent with the observation in Arabidopsis, it was found that the polar auxin transport, and not auxin biosynthesis, was significantly compromised in these knockout lines compared with the wild type tobacco plants. The fact that no homozygous plant with all 8 NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d alleles being knocked out suggested that knocking out 8 alleles of NtPDK1a/1b/1c/1d could be lethal. In conclusion, our results indicated that NtPDK1s are versatile AGC kinases that participate in regulation of tobacco growth and development via modulating polar auxin transport. Our results also indicated that CRISPR/CAS9 technology is a powerful tool in resolving gene redundancy in polyploidy plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Tian-Yao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Hu-Jiao Lan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Min-Jun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Ya-Ting Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Li-Na Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Xiao-Han Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China.
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13
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Herneisen AL, Peters ML, Smith TA, Shortt E, Lourido S. SPARK regulates AGC kinases central to the Toxoplasma gondii asexual cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.30.564746. [PMID: 37961644 PMCID: PMC10634940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites balance proliferation, persistence, and spread in their metazoan hosts. AGC kinases, such as PKG, PKA, and the PDK1 ortholog SPARK, integrate environmental signals to toggle parasites between replicative and motile life stages. Recent studies have cataloged pathways downstream of apicomplexan PKG and PKA; however, less is known about the global integration of AGC kinase signaling cascades. Here, conditional genetics coupled to unbiased proteomics demonstrates that SPARK complexes with an elongin-like protein to regulate the stability of PKA and PKG in the model apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii. Defects attributed to SPARK depletion develop after PKG and PKA are down-regulated. Parasites lacking SPARK differentiate into the chronic form of infection, which may arise from reduced activity of a coccidian-specific PKA ortholog. This work delineates the signaling topology of AGC kinases that together control transitions within the asexual cycle of this important family of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L. Herneisen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michelle L. Peters
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Tyler A. Smith
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Emily Shortt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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14
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Girod M, Arquier D, Helms A, Juetten K, Brodbelt JS, Lemoine J, MacAleese L. Characterization of Phosphorylated Peptides by Electron-Activated and Ultraviolet Dissociation Mass Spectrometry: A Comparative Study with Collision-Induced Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1040-1054. [PMID: 38626331 PMCID: PMC11382297 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Mass-spectrometry-based methods have made significant progress in the characterization of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in peptides and proteins; however, room remains to improve fragmentation methods. Ideal MS/MS methods are expected to simultaneously provide extensive sequence information and localization of PTM sites and retain labile PTM groups. This collection of criteria is difficult to meet, and the various activation methods available today offer different capabilities. In order to examine the specific case of phosphorylation on peptides, we investigate electron transfer dissociation (ETD), electron-activated dissociation (EAD), and 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and compare all three methods with classical collision-induced dissociation (CID). EAD and UVPD show extensive backbone fragmentation, comparable in scope to that of CID. These methods provide diverse backbone fragmentation, producing a/x, b/y, and c/z ions with substantial sequence coverages. EAD displays a high retention efficiency of the phosphate modification, attributed to its electron-mediated fragmentation mechanisms, as observed in ETD. UVPD offers reasonable retention efficiency, also allowing localization of the PTM site. EAD experiments were also performed in an LC-MS/MS workflow by analyzing phosphopeptides spiked in human plasma, and spectra allow accurate identification of the modified sites and discrimination of isomers. Based on the overall performance, EAD and 193 nm UVPD offer alternative options to CID and ETD for phosphoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girod
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Delphine Arquier
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amanda Helms
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyle Juetten
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jérôme Lemoine
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Rehman A, Alwutayd KM, Alshehri D, Alsudays IM, Azeem F, Rahman S, Abid M, Shah AA. Regulatory role of AGC genes in heat stress adaptation in maize ( Zea mays). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23282. [PMID: 38758970 DOI: 10.1071/fp23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress represents a significant environmental challenge that restricts maize (Zea mays ) growth and yield on a global scale. Within the plant kingdom, the AGC gene family, encoding a group of protein kinases, has emerged as crucial players in various stress responses. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of AGC genes in Z. mays under heat-stress conditions remains elusive. A genome-wide analysis was done using bioinformatics techniques to identify 39 AGC genes in Z. mays , categorising them into three subfamilies based on their conserved domains. We investigated their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures (including intron-exon configurations), and expression patterns. These genes are likely involved in diverse signalling pathways, fulfilling distinct roles when exposed to heat stress conditions. Notably, most ZmAGC1.5, ZmAGC1.9, ZmNDR3, ZmNDR5 and ZmIRE3 exhibited significant changes in expression levels under heat stress, featuring a high G-box ratio. Furthermore, we pinpointed a subset of AGC genes displaying highly coordinated expression, implying their potential involvement in the heat stress response pathway. Our study offers valuable insights into the contribution of AGC genes to Z. mays 's heat stress response, thus facilitating the development of heat-tolerant Z. mays varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahroz Rahman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Chen XR, Dixit K, Yang Y, McDermott MI, Imam HT, Bankaitis VA, Igumenova TI. A novel bivalent interaction mode underlies a non-catalytic mechanism for Pin1-mediated protein kinase C regulation. eLife 2024; 13:e92884. [PMID: 38687676 PMCID: PMC11060717 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bis-phosphate to diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-P3 defines a major eukaryotic pathway for translation of extracellular cues to intracellular signaling circuits. Members of the lipid-activated protein kinase C isoenzyme family (PKCs) play central roles in this signaling circuit. One of the regulatory mechanisms employed to downregulate stimulated PKC activity is via a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway that is potentiated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Here, we show that contrary to prevailing models, Pin1 does not regulate conventional PKC isoforms α and βII via a canonical cis-trans isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond. Rather, Pin1 acts as a PKC binding partner that controls PKC activity via sequestration of the C-terminal tail of the kinase. The high-resolution structure of full-length Pin1 complexed to the C-terminal tail of PKCβII reveals that a novel bivalent interaction mode underlies the non-catalytic mode of Pin1 action. Specifically, Pin1 adopts a conformation in which it uses the WW and PPIase domains to engage two conserved phosphorylated PKC motifs, the turn motif and hydrophobic motif, respectively. Hydrophobic motif is a non-canonical Pin1-interacting element. The structural information combined with the results of extensive binding studies and experiments in cultured cells suggest that non-catalytic mechanisms represent unappreciated modes of Pin1-mediated regulation of AGC kinases and other key enzymes/substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Karuna Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Mark I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Hasan Tanvir Imam
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
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17
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Bendzunas GN, Byrne DP, Shrestha S, Daly LA, Oswald SO, Katiyar S, Venkat A, Yeung W, Eyers CE, Eyers PA, Kannan N. Redox Regulation of Brain Selective Kinases BRSK1/2: Implications for Dynamic Control of the Eukaryotic AMPK family through Cys-based mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.05.561145. [PMID: 38586025 PMCID: PMC10996518 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.561145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, protein kinase signaling is regulated by a diverse array of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues and oxidation of cysteine (Cys) residues. While regulation by activation segment phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues is well understood, relatively little is known about how oxidation of cysteine residues modulate catalysis. In this study, we investigate redox regulation of the AMPK-related Brain-selective kinases (BRSK) 1 and 2, and detail how broad catalytic activity is directly regulated through reversible oxidation and reduction of evolutionarily conserved Cys residues within the catalytic domain. We show that redox-dependent control of BRSKs is a dynamic and multilayered process involving oxidative modifications of several Cys residues, including the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds involving a pair of Cys residues near the catalytic HRD motif and a highly conserved T-Loop Cys with a BRSK-specific Cys within an unusual CPE motif at the end of the activation segment. Consistently, mutation of the CPE-Cys increases catalytic activity in vitro and drives phosphorylation of the BRSK substrate Tau in cells. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that oxidation of the CPE-Cys destabilizes a conserved salt bridge network critical for allosteric activation. The occurrence of spatially proximal Cys amino acids in diverse Ser/Thr protein kinase families suggests that disulfide mediated control of catalytic activity may be a prevalent mechanism for regulation within the broader AMPK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Bendzunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Safal Shrestha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leonard A Daly
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sally O. Oswald
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Samiksha Katiyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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18
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Lin JLJ, Yuan HS. Lipid-Binding Regions within PKC-Related Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase N1 (PKN1) Required for Its Regulation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:743-753. [PMID: 38441874 PMCID: PMC10956426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
PKC-related serine/threonine protein kinase N1 (PKN1) is a protease/lipid-activated protein kinase that acts downstream of the RhoA and Rac1 pathways. PKN1 comprises unique regulatory, hinge region, and PKC homologous catalytic domains. The regulatory domain harbors two homologous regions, i.e., HR1 and C2-like. HR1 consists of three heptad repeats (HR1a, HR1b, and HR1c), with PKN1-(HR1a) hosting an amphipathic high-affinity cardiolipin-binding site for phospholipid interactions. Cardiolipin and C18:1 oleic acid are the most potent lipid activators of PKN1. PKN1-(C2) contains a pseudosubstrate sequence overlapping that of C20:4 arachidonic acid. However, the cardiolipin-binding site(s) within PKN1-(C2) and the respective binding properties remain unclear. Herein, we reveal (i) that the primary PKN1-(C2) sequence contains conserved amphipathic cardiolipin-binding motif(s); (ii) that trimeric PKN1-(C2) predominantly adopts a β-stranded conformation; (iii) that two distinct types of cardiolipin (or phosphatidic acid) binding occur, with the hydrophobic component playing a key role at higher salt levels; (iv) the multiplicity of C18 fatty acid binding to PKN1-(C2); and (v) the relevance of our lipid-binding parameters for PKN1-(C2) in terms of kinetic parameters previously determined for the full-length PKN1 enzyme. Thus, our discoveries create opportunities to design specific mammalian cell inhibitors that disrupt the localization of membrane-associated PKN1 signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. J. Lin
- Genomics
Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hanna S. Yuan
- Institute
of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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19
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Wong KG, Cheng YCF, Wu VH, Kiseleva AA, Li J, Poleshko A, Smith CL, Epstein JA. Growth factor-induced activation of MSK2 leads to phosphorylation of H3K9me2S10 and corresponding changes in gene expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9518. [PMID: 38478612 PMCID: PMC10936876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular signals are transmitted through kinase cascades to modulate gene expression, but it remains unclear how epigenetic changes regulate this response. Here, we provide evidence that growth factor-stimulated changes in the transcript levels of many responsive genes are accompanied by increases in histone phosphorylation levels, specifically at histone H3 serine-10 when the adjacent lysine-9 is dimethylated (H3K9me2S10). Imaging and proteomic approaches show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation results in H3K9me2S10 phosphorylation, which occurs in genomic regions enriched for regulatory enhancers of EGF-responsive genes. We also demonstrate that the EGF-induced increase in H3K9me2S10ph is dependent on the nuclear kinase MSK2, and this subset of EGF-induced genes is dependent on MSK2 for transcription. Together, our work indicates that growth factor-induced changes in chromatin state can mediate the activation of downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Wong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yu-Chia F. Cheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vincent H. Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna A. Kiseleva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrey Poleshko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Smith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Li X, Hou C, Yang M, Luo B, Mao N, Chen K, Chen Z, Bai Y. The effect of phosphorylation on the conformational dynamics and allostery of the association of death-associated protein kinase with calmodulin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38457488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the signal transduction and is capable of regulation of cell activity. The death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), as a Ser/Thr kinase, interacts with calmodulin (CaM) to regulate apoptotic and autophagic signaling. Autophosphorylation of DAPK1 at Ser308 located at the autoregulatory domain (ARD) blocks CaM binding and inhibits kinase catalytic activity. However, the mechanism underlying the influence of Ser308 phosphorylation (pS308) on the DAPK1 activity remains unclear. Here, we performed multiple, microsecond length molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the molecular mechanics generalized Born/surface area (MM-GBSA) binding free energy calculations, principal component analysis, and dynamic cross-correlation analysis to unravel the conformational dynamics and allostery of the DAPK1 - CaM interaction triggered by the pS308 at the ARD. MD simulations showed that pS308 affected the conformational stability of the DAPK1 - CaM complex. Further energetic and structural exploration revealed that pS308 weakened the association of the phosphorylated DAPK1 to CaM, which lowered the susceptibility of DAPK1 to be activated by CaM. This result can provide mechanistic insights into the molecular underpinning through which the DAPK1 kinase activity is modulated by the auto-phosphorylation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Canglong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beier Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningfang Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Maw JJ, Coker JA, Arya T, Goins CM, Sonawane D, Han SH, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Wang NS, Heemers HV, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Discovery and Characterization of Selective, First-in-Class Inhibitors of Citron Kinase. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2631-2666. [PMID: 38330278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Citron kinase (CITK) is an AGC-family serine/threonine kinase that regulates cytokinesis. Despite knockdown experiments implicating CITK as an anticancer target, no selective CITK inhibitors exist. We transformed a previously reported kinase inhibitor with weak off-target CITK activity into a first-in-class CITK chemical probe, C3TD879. C3TD879 is a Type I kinase inhibitor which potently inhibits CITK catalytic activity (biochemical IC50 = 12 nM), binds directly to full-length human CITK in cells (NanoBRET Kd < 10 nM), and demonstrates favorable DMPK properties for in vivo evaluation. We engineered exquisite selectivity for CITK (>17-fold versus 373 other human kinases), making C3TD879 the first chemical probe suitable for interrogating the complex biology of CITK. Our small-molecule CITK inhibitors could not phenocopy the effects of CITK knockdown in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or cytokinesis assays, providing preliminary evidence that the structural roles of CITK may be more important than its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jesse A Coker
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Dhiraj Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa M Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nancy S Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jonathan D Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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Ichikawa K, Ito S, Kato E, Abe N, Machida T, Iwasaki J, Tanaka G, Araki H, Wakayama K, Jona H, Sugimoto T, Miyadera K, Ohkubo S. TAS0612, a Novel RSK, AKT, and S6K Inhibitor, Exhibits Antitumor Effects in Preclinical Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:174-186. [PMID: 37906695 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK and PI3K pathways are involved in cancer growth and survival; however, the clinical efficacy of single inhibitors of each pathway is limited or transient owing to resistance mechanisms, such as feedback signaling and/or reexpression of receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTK). This study identified a potent and novel kinase inhibitor, TAS0612, and characterized its properties. We found that TAS0612 is a potent, orally available compound that can inhibit p90RSK (RSK), AKT, and p70S6K (S6K) as a single agent and showed a strong correlation with the growth inhibition of cancer cells with PTEN loss or mutations, regardless of the presence of KRAS and BRAF mutations. Additional RSK inhibitory activity may differentiate the sensitivity profile of TAS0612 from that of signaling inhibitors that target only the PI3K pathway. Moreover, TAS0612 demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against tumor models wherein inhibition of MAPK or PI3K pathways was insufficient to exert antitumor effects. TAS0612 exhibited a stronger growth-inhibitory activity against the cancer cell lines and tumor models with dysregulated signaling with the genetic abnormalities described above than treatment with inhibitors against AKT, PI3K, MEK, BRAF, and EGFR/HER2. In addition, TAS0612 demonstrated the persistence of blockade of downstream growth and antiapoptotic signals, despite activation of upstream effectors in the signaling pathway and FoxO-dependent reexpression of HER3. In conclusion, TAS0612 with RSK/AKT/S6K inhibitory activity may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer to improve clinical responses and overcome resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ichikawa
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Emi Kato
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naomi Abe
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumitsu Machida
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Iwasaki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gotaro Tanaka
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hikari Araki
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Wakayama
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Jona
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sugimoto
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Miyadera
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zaky YA, Rashad MW, Zaater MA, El Kerdawy AM. Discovery of dual rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors as a novel approach for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. BMC Chem 2024; 18:2. [PMID: 38172941 PMCID: PMC10765837 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study we suggest a novel approach to curb non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression, and we suggest privileged scaffolds for the design of novel compounds for this aim. NASH is an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that can further progress into fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a widely emerging disease affecting 25% of the global population and has no current approved treatments. Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular pathways, of which, Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) play an important role in the progression of NASH and they stand out as promising targets for NASH therapy. Interestingly, their kinase domains are found to be similar in sequence and topology; therefore, dual inhibition of ROCK1 and ASK1 is expected to be amenable and could achieve a more favourable outcome. To reach this goal, a training set of ROCK1 and ASK1 protein structures co-crystalized with type 1 (ATP-competitive) inhibitors was constructed to manually generate receptor-based pharmacophore models representing ROCK1 and ASK1 inhibitors' common pharmacophoric features. The models produced were assessed using a test set of both ROCK1 and ASK1 actives and decoys, and their performance was evaluated using different assessment metrics. The best pharmacophore model obtained, showing a Mathew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.71, was then used to screen the ZINC purchasable database retrieving 6178 hits that were filtered accordingly using several medicinal chemistry and pharmacokinetics filters returning 407 promising compounds. To confirm that these compounds are capable of binding to the target kinases, they were subjected to molecular docking simulations at both protein structures. The results were then assessed individually and filtered, setting the spotlight on various privileged scaffolds that could be exploited as the nucleus for designing novel ROCK1/ASK1 dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Zaky
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mai W Rashad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Zaater
- Master Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
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24
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Ryan CB, Choi JS, Kang B, Herr S, Pereira C, Moraes CT, Al-Ali H, Lee JK. PI3K signaling promotes formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages at the spinal cord injury site. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 190:106370. [PMID: 38049013 PMCID: PMC10804283 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), infiltrating macrophages undergo excessive phagocytosis of myelin and cellular debris, forming lipid-laden foamy macrophages. To understand their role in the cellular pathology of SCI, investigation of the foamy macrophage phenotype in vitro revealed a pro-inflammatory profile, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Bioinformatic analysis identified PI3K as a regulator of inflammation in foamy macrophages, and inhibition of this pathway decreased their lipid content, inflammatory cytokines, and ROS production. Macrophage-specific inhibition of PI3K using liposomes significantly decreased foamy macrophages at the injury site after a mid-thoracic contusive SCI in mice. RNA sequencing and in vitro analysis of foamy macrophages revealed increased autophagy and decreased phagocytosis after PI3K inhibition as potential mechanisms for reduced lipid accumulation. Together, our data suggest that the formation of pro-inflammatory foamy macrophages after SCI is due to the activation of PI3K signaling, which increases phagocytosis and decreases autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B Ryan
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - James S Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Brian Kang
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Seth Herr
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
| | - Claudia Pereira
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America; Department of Medicine Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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25
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Hayes E, Winston N, Stocco C. Molecular crosstalk between insulin-like growth factors and follicle-stimulating hormone in the regulation of granulosa cell function. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12575. [PMID: 38571513 PMCID: PMC10988955 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The last phase of folliculogenesis is driven by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and locally produced insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), both essential for forming preovulatory follicles. Methods This review discusses the molecular crosstalk of the FSH and IGF signaling pathways in regulating follicular granulosa cells (GCs) during the antral-to-preovulatory phase. Main findings IGFs were considered co-gonadotropins since they amplify FSH actions in GCs. However, this view is not compatible with data showing that FSH requires IGFs to stimulate GCs, that FSH renders GCs sensitive to IGFs, and that FSH signaling interacts with factors downstream of AKT to stimulate GCs. New evidence suggests that FSH and IGF signaling pathways intersect at several levels to regulate gene expression and GC function. Conclusion FSH and locally produced IGFs form a positive feedback loop essential for preovulatory follicle formation in all species. Understanding the mechanisms by which FSH and IGFs interact to control GC function will help design new interventions to optimize follicle maturation, perfect treatment of ovulatory defects, improve in vitro fertilization, and develop new contraceptive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hayes
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nicola Winston
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Illinois Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Carlos Stocco
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Illinois Chicago College of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Castillo Cabrera J, Dang H, Graves A, Zhang Z, Torres-Castillo J, Li K, King Z, Liu P, Aubé J, Bear JE, Damania B, Hagan RS, Baldwin AS. AGC kinase inhibitors regulate STING signaling through SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1601-1616.e6. [PMID: 37939709 PMCID: PMC10842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 IFN expression is critical in the innate immune response, but aberrant expression is associated with autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we identify N-[4-(1H46 pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-6-yl)-phenyl]-sulfonamide (Sanofi-14h), a compound with preference for inhibition of the AGC family kinase SGK3, as an inhibitor of Ifnb1 gene expression in response to STING stimulation of macrophages. Sanofi-14h abrogated SGK activity and also impaired activation of the critical TBK1/IRF3 pathway downstream of STING activation, blocking interaction of STING with TBK1. Deletion of SGK1/3 in a macrophage cell line did not block TBK1/IRF3 activation but decreased expression of transcription factors, such as IRF7 and STAT1, required for the innate immune response. Other AGC kinase inhibitors blocked TBK1 and IRF3 activation suggesting common action on a critical regulatory node in the STING pathway. These studies reveal both SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms in the innate immune response and indicate an approach to block aberrant Ifnb1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Castillo Cabrera
- Pathobiology and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Graves
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zayna King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Park J, Zhang H, Kwak HJ, Gadhe CG, Kim Y, Kim H, Noh M, Shin D, Ha SJ, Kwon YG. A novel small molecule, CU05-1189, targeting the pleckstrin homology domain of PDK1 suppresses VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking the Akt signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275749. [PMID: 38035024 PMCID: PMC10687218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis is considered a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Our previous genetic research showed that the use of a cell-penetrating peptide to inhibit the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) was a viable approach to suppress pathological angiogenesis. Herein, we synthesized and characterized a novel small molecule, CU05-1189, based on our prior study and present evidence for the first time that this compound possesses antiangiogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo. The computational analysis showed that CU05-1189 can interact with the PH domain of PDK1, and it significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells without apparent toxicity. Western blot analysis revealed that the Akt signaling pathway was specifically inhibited by CU05-1189 upon VEGF stimulation, without affecting other VEGF receptor 2 downstream molecules or cytosolic substrates of PDK1, by preventing translocation of PDK1 to the plasma membrane. We also found that CU05-1189 suppressed VEGF-mediated vascular network formation in a Matrigel plug assay. More importantly, CU05-1189 had a good pharmacokinetic profile with a bioavailability of 68%. These results led to the oral administration of CU05-1189, which resulted in reduced tumor microvessel density and growth in a xenograft mouse model. Taken together, our data suggest that CU05-1189 may have great potential and be a promising lead as a novel antiangiogenic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Bio Research, Curacle Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwak
- Department of Strategic Planning, Curacle Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeomyeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Parsons M, Parsons B, Dean M, DeRocher AE, Islam Z, Maly DJ, Jensen BC. An essential Trypanosoma brucei protein kinase: a functional analysis of regulation and the identification of inhibitors. FRONTIERS IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 2:1272378. [PMID: 38099268 PMCID: PMC10720658 DOI: 10.3389/fpara.2023.1272378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The protein serine/threonine kinase AEK1 is essential in the pathogenic stage of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis. AEK1 is a member of the AGC protein kinase family, although it is not closely related to a specific human AGC kinase. Our previous chemical genetic studies showed that targeted inhibition of AEK1 in parasites expressing analog-sensitive AEK1 blocked parasite growth and enhanced survival of infected mice. Methods To further validate AEK1 as a drug target, we used the chemical genetic system to determine the effect of a 24 hour loss of AEK1 activity on cell viability at the clonal level. A panel of 429 protein kinase inhibitors were screened against the wild-type protein for binding, using time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET). The role of phosphorylation sites and motifs was probed by determining whether expression of proteins harboring mutations in these sequences could rescue AEK1 conditional knockout parasites. To determine the effect that mutations in the phosphosites have on the kinase activity of cellular AEK1 we compared the in vitro kinase activity of mutant and wild-type proteins immunoprecipitated from parasite lysates using the exogenous substrate MBP. Finally, the tagged AEK1 protein was localized by deconvolution microscopy. Results After a 24 hour exposure to an AEK1 inhibitory analog in the chemical genetic system, less than five percent of the remaining live cells can clonally expand, further validating AEK1 as a drug target. In the AEK1 inhibitor screening assay, we identified 17 hit compounds. Complementation studies showed that of the two known phosphorylation sites in the activation loop; mutation of one abolished function while mutation of the other had no discernable effect. Mutation of the other two AEK1 phosphosites gave intermediate phenotypes. Mutations in either the hydrophobic motif at the C-terminus of the protein or in the region of AEK1 predicted to bind the hydrophobic motif were also required for function. All parasites with defective AEK1 showed reduced proliferation and defects in cytokinesis, although the tested mutations differed in terms of the extent of cell death. Kinase activity of immunoprecipitated AEK1 phosphosite mutants largely paralleled the effects seen in complementation studies, although the mutation of the phosphosite adjacent to the hydrophobic motif had a greater impact on activity than predicted by the complementation studies. AEK1 was localized to cytoplasmic puncta distinct from glycosomes and acidocalcisomes. Discussion The rapid loss of viability of cells inhibited for AEK1 supports the idea that a short course of treatment that target AEK1 may be sufficient for treatment of people or animals infected with T. brucei. Key regulatory elements between AEK1 and its closest mammalian homolog appear to be largely conserved despite the vast evolutionary distance between mammals and T. brucei. The presence of AEK1 in cytoplasmic puncta raises the possibility that its localization may also play a role in functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Parsons
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ben Parsons
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa Dean
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Zeba Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dustin J. Maly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Zheng N, Wei J, Wu D, Xu Y, Guo J. Master kinase PDK1 in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188971. [PMID: 37640147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) is considered as master kinase regulating AGC kinase family members such as AKT, SGK, PLK, S6K and RSK. Although autophosphorylation regulates PDK1 activity, accumulating evidence suggests that PDK1 is manipulated by many other mechanisms, including S6K-mediated phosphorylation, and the E3 ligase SPOP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dysregulation of these upstream regulators or downstream signals involves in cancer development, as PDK1 regulating cell growth, metastasis, invasion, apoptosis and survival time. Meanwhile, overexpression of PDK1 is also exposed in a plethora of cancers, whereas inhibition of PDK1 reduces cell size and inhibits tumor growth and progression. More importantly, PDK1 also modulates the tumor microenvironments and markedly influences tumor immunotherapies. In summary, we comprehensively summarize the downstream signals, upstream regulators, mouse models, inhibitors, tumor microenvironment and clinical treatments for PDK1, and highlight PDK1 as a potential cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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30
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Leroux AE, Biondi RM. The choreography of protein kinase PDK1 and its diverse substrate dance partners. Biochem J 2023; 480:1503-1532. [PMID: 37792325 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase PDK1 phosphorylates at least 24 distinct substrates, all of which belong to the AGC protein kinase group. Some substrates, such as conventional PKCs, undergo phosphorylation by PDK1 during their synthesis and subsequently get activated by DAG and Calcium. On the other hand, other substrates, including members of the Akt/PKB, S6K, SGK, and RSK families, undergo phosphorylation and activation downstream of PI3-kinase signaling. This review presents two accepted molecular mechanisms that determine the precise and timely phosphorylation of different substrates by PDK1. The first mechanism involves the colocalization of PDK1 with Akt/PKB in the presence of PIP3. The second mechanism involves the regulated docking interaction between the hydrophobic motif (HM) of substrates and the PIF-pocket of PDK1. This interaction, in trans, is equivalent to the molecular mechanism that governs the activity of AGC kinases through their HMs intramolecularly. PDK1 has been instrumental in illustrating the bi-directional allosteric communication between the PIF-pocket and the ATP-binding site and the potential of the system for drug discovery. PDK1's interaction with substrates is not solely regulated by the substrates themselves. Recent research indicates that full-length PDK1 can adopt various conformations based on the positioning of the PH domain relative to the catalytic domain. These distinct conformations of full-length PDK1 can influence the interaction and phosphorylation of substrates. Finally, we critically discuss recent findings proposing that PIP3 can directly regulate the activity of PDK1, which contradicts extensive in vitro and in vivo studies conducted over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Leroux
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Biondi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
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31
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Chen J, Zhang X, Tan X, Liu P. Somatic gain-of-function mutations in BUD13 promote oncogenesis by disrupting Fbw7 function. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20222056. [PMID: 37382881 PMCID: PMC10309187 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations occurring on key enzymes are extensively studied and targeted therapies are developed with clinical promises. However, context-dependent enzyme function through distinct substrates complicated targeting a given enzyme. Here, we develop an algorithm to elucidate a new class of somatic mutations occurring on enzyme-recognizing motifs that cancer may hijack to facilitate tumorigenesis. We validate BUD13-R156C and -R230Q mutations evading RSK3-mediated phosphorylation with enhanced oncogenicity in promoting colon cancer growth. Further mechanistic studies reveal BUD13 as an endogenous Fbw7 inhibitor that stabilizes Fbw7 oncogenic substrates, while cancerous BUD13-R156C or -R230Q interferes with Fbw7Cul1 complex formation. We also find this BUD13 regulation plays a critical role in responding to mTOR inhibition, which can be used to guide therapy selections. We hope our studies reveal the landscape of enzyme-recognizing motif mutations with a publicly available resource and provide novel insights for somatic mutations cancer hijacks to promote tumorigenesis with the potential for patient stratification and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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32
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Kalkman HO. Activation of σ1-Receptors by R-Ketamine May Enhance the Antidepressant Effect of S-Ketamine. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2664. [PMID: 37893038 PMCID: PMC10604479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a racemic mixture composed of two enantiomers, S-ketamine and R-ketamine. In preclinical studies, both enantiomers have exhibited antidepressant effects, but these effects are attributed to distinct pharmacological activities. The S-enantiomer acts as an NMDA-channel blocker and as an opioid μ-receptor agonist, whereas the R-enantiomer binds to σ1-receptors and is believed to act as an agonist. As racemate, ketamine potentially triggers four biochemical pathways involving the AGC-kinases, PKA, Akt (PKB), PKC and RSK that ultimately lead to inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β in microglia. In patients with major depressive disorder, S-ketamine administered as a nasal spray has shown clear antidepressant activity. However, when compared to intravenously infused racemic ketamine, the response rate, duration of action and anti-suicidal activity of S-ketamine appear to be less pronounced. The σ1-protein interacts with μ-opioid and TrkB-receptors, whereas in preclinical experiments σ1-agonists reduce μ-receptor desensitization and improve TrkB signal transduction. TrkB activation occurs as a response to NMDA blockade. So, the σ1-activity of R-ketamine may not only enhance two pathways via which S-ketamine produces an antidepressant response, but it furthermore provides an antidepressant activity in its own right. These two factors could explain the apparently superior antidepressant effect observed with racemic ketamine compared to S-ketamine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans O Kalkman
- Retired Pharmacologist, Gänsbühlgartenweg 7, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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33
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Chen XR, Dixit K, Yang Y, McDermott MI, Imam HT, Bankaitis VA, Igumenova TI. A novel bivalent interaction mode underlies a non-catalytic mechanism for Pin1-mediated Protein Kinase C regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558341. [PMID: 37781616 PMCID: PMC10541119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulated hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bis-phosphate to diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-P3 defines a major eukaryotic pathway for translation of extracellular cues to intracellular signaling circuits. Members of the lipid-activated protein kinase C isoenzyme family (PKCs) play central roles in this signaling circuit. One of the regulatory mechanisms employed to downregulate stimulated PKC activity is via a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway that is potentiated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Here, we show that contrary to prevailing models, Pin1 does not regulate conventional PKC isoforms α and βII via a canonical cis-trans isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond. Rather, Pin1 acts as a PKC binding partner that controls PKC activity via sequestration of the C-terminal tail of the kinase. The high-resolution structure of Pin1 complexed to the C-terminal tail of PKCβII reveals that a novel bivalent interaction mode underlies the non-catalytic mode of Pin1 action. Specifically, Pin1 adopts a compact conformation in which it engages two conserved phosphorylated PKC motifs, the turn motif and hydrophobic motif, the latter being a non-canonical Pin1-interacting element. The structural information, combined with the results of extensive binding studies and in vivo experiments suggest that non-catalytic mechanisms represent unappreciated modes of Pin1-mediated regulation of AGC kinases and other key enzymes/substrates.
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Kalra J, Artamonov M, Wang H, Franke A, Markowska Z, Jin L, Derewenda ZS, Ayon RJ, Somlyo A. p90RSK2, a new MLCK mediates contractility in myosin light chain kinase null smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1228488. [PMID: 37781225 PMCID: PMC10533999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1228488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phosphorylation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin regulatory light chain (RLC20) is a critical switch leading to SM contraction. The canonical view held that only the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK1) catalyzed this reaction. It is now accepted that auxiliary kinases may contribute to vascular SM tone and contractility. We have previously reported that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) functions as such a kinase, in parallel with MLCK1, contributing ∼25% of the maximal myogenic force in resistance arteries. Thus, RSK2 may be instrumental in the regulation of basal vascular tone and blood pressure. Here, we take advantage of a MLCK1 null mouse (mylk1 -/-) to further test our hypothesis that RSK2 can function as an MLCK, playing a significant physiological role in SM contractility. Methods: Using fetal (E14.5-18.5) SM tissues, as embryos die at birth, we investigated the necessity of MLCK for contractility and fetal development and determined the ability of RSK2 kinase to compensate for the lack of MLCK and characterized its signaling pathway in SM. Results and Discussion: Agonists induced contraction and RLC20 phosphorylation in mylk1 -/- SM was attenuated by RSK2 inhibition. The pCa-tension relationships in permeabilized strips of bladder showed no difference in Ca2+ sensitivity in WT vs mylk1 -/- muscles, although the magnitude of force responses was considerably smaller in the absence of MLCK. The magnitude of contractile responses was similar upon addition of GTPγS to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway or calyculinA to inhibit the myosin phosphatase. The Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, contributed to RSK2-mediated contractility and RLC20 phosphorylation. Proximity-ligation and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated an association of RSK2, PDK1 and ERK1/2 with MLCK and actin. RSK2, PDK1, ERK1/2 and MLCK formed a signaling complex on the actin filament, positioning them for interaction with adjacent myosin heads. The Ca2+-dependent component reflected the agonist mediated increases in Ca2+, which activated the Pyk2/PDK1/RSK2 signaling cascade. The Ca2+-independent component was through activation of Erk1/2/PDK1/RSK2 leading to direct phosphorylation of RLC20, to increase contraction. Overall, RSK2 signaling constitutes a new third signaling pathway, in addition to the established Ca2+/CaM/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK pathways to regulate SM contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kalra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Sentara Martha Jefferson Hospital, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Aaron Franke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Brain Surgery Worldwide, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zaneta Markowska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Zygmunt S. Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ramon J. Ayon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Avril Somlyo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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35
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Smolen KA, Papke CM, Swingle MR, Musiyenko A, Li C, Salter EA, Camp AD, Honkanen RE, Kettenbach AN. Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics of PP2A-PPP2R5D variants reveal deregulation of RPS6 phosphorylation via converging signaling cascades. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105154. [PMID: 37572851 PMCID: PMC10485637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic germline variants of PPP2R5D (encoding: phosphoprotein phosphatase 2 regulatory protein 5D) result in PPP2R5D-related disorder (Jordan's Syndrome), which is characterized by intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, macrocephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and delayed motor skill development. The disorder originates from de novo single nucleotide mutations, generating missense variants that act in a dominant manner. Pathogenic mutations altering 13 different amino acids have been identified, with the E198K variant accounting for ∼40% of reported cases. However, the generation of a heterozygous E198K variant cell line to study the molecular effects of the pathogenic mutation has been challenging. Here, we use CRISPR-PRIME genomic editing to introduce a transition (c.592G>A) in a single PPP2R5D allele in HEK293 cells, generating E198K-heterozygous lines to complement existing E420K variant lines. We generate global protein and phosphorylation profiles of WT, E198K, and E420K cell lines and find unique and shared changes between variants and WT cells in kinase- and phosphatase-controlled signaling cascades. We observed ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) hyperphosphorylation as a shared signaling alteration, indicative of increased ribosomal protein S6-kinase activity. Treatment with rapamycin or an RPS6-kinase inhibitor (LY2584702) suppressed RPS6 phosphorylation in both, suggesting upstream activation of mTORC1/p70S6K. Intriguingly, our data suggests ERK-dependent activation of mTORC1 in both E198K and E420K variant cells, with additional AKT-mediated mTORC1 activation in the E420K variant. Thus, although upstream activation of mTORC1 differs between PPP2R5D-related disorder genotypes, inhibition of mTORC1 or RPS6 kinases warrants further investigation as potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali A Smolen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Cinta M Papke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Alla Musiyenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chenchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - E Alan Salter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashley D Camp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
| | - Arminja N Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
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36
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Han D, Wang W, Jeon JH, Shen T, Huang X, Yi P, Dong B, Yang F. Cooperative activation of PDK1 and AKT by MAPK4 enhances cancer growth and resistance to therapy. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002227. [PMID: 37531320 PMCID: PMC10395914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1) is a master kinase of the protein A, G, and C (AGC) family kinases that play important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Besides phosphorylating/activating AKT at the cell membrane in a PI3K-dependent manner, PDK1 also exhibits constitutive activity on many other AGC kinases for tumor-promoting activity. In the latter case, PDK1 protein levels dominate its activity. We previously reported that MAPK4, an atypical MAPK, can PI3K-independently promote AKT activation and tumor growth. Here, using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell models, we demonstrate that MAPK4 can also enhance PDK1 protein synthesis, thus phosphorylate/activate PDK1 substrates beyond AKT. This new MAPK4-PDK1 axis alone lacks vigorous tumor-promoting activity but cooperates with our previously reported MAPK4-AKT axis to promote tumor growth. Besides enhancing resistance to PI3K blockade, MAPK4 also promotes cancer cell resistance to the more stringent PI3K and PDK1 co-blockade, a recently proposed therapeutic strategy. Currently, there is no MAPK4 inhibitor to treat MAPK4-high cancers. Based on the concerted action of MAPK4-AKT and MAPK4-PDK1 axis in promoting cancer, we predict and confirm that co-targeting AKT and PDK1 effectively represses MAPK4-induced cancer cell growth, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to treat MAPK4-high cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julie Heejin Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ping Yi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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37
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Gu W, Zheng H, Canessa CM. Phosphatases maintain low catalytic activity of SGK1: DNA damage resets the balance in favor of phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104941. [PMID: 37343701 PMCID: PMC10372406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) promotes cell survival under stress conditions and facilitates the emergence of drug resistance in cancer. The underlying mechanisms of these observations are not fully understood. In this study, we found that SGK1 activity is suppressed by the action of the S/T phosphatases PP5 and PP2A, which constantly dephosphorylate SGK1. Using newly developed anti-phospho SGK1 antibodies and inhibitors of phosphatases, we determined that the high degree of dephosphorylation is caused by two factors: the tendency of SGK1 to unfold, which makes it dependent on Hsp90 chaperone complexes composed of four proteins, Hsp90/CDC37/PP5/SGK1, and where the phosphatase PP5 persistently dephosphorylates SGK1 within the complex. SGK1 binding to PP2A regulatory subunits B55γ and B55δ brings PP2A catalytic subunit close to exposed SGK1 phosphoresidues. A further association of phosphorylated pS37-FAM122A-an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A-to the holoenzyme diminishes dephosphorylation of SGK1 mediated by PP2A. Our study also reveals that genotoxic stress can reverse the dominant impact of phosphatases over kinases by activating the DNA-dependent protein kinase, which enhances mTORC2 activity directed to SGK1. Thus, our results provide insight into a molecular pathway that enables SGK1 to gain phosphorylation and catalytic activity and promote cell survival, potentially diminishing the efficacy of cancer treatments. As the DNA damage response operates in many cancer cells and is further induced by chemotherapies, the findings of this study could have significant implications for the development of novel cancer therapies targeting SGK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Gu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia M Canessa
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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Caligaris M, Sampaio-Marques B, Hatakeyama R, Pillet B, Ludovico P, De Virgilio C, Winderickx J, Nicastro R. The Yeast Protein Kinase Sch9 Functions as a Central Nutrient-Responsive Hub That Calibrates Metabolic and Stress-Related Responses. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:787. [PMID: 37623558 PMCID: PMC10455444 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells are equipped with different nutrient signaling pathways that enable them to sense the availability of various nutrients and adjust metabolism and growth accordingly. These pathways are part of an intricate network since most of them are cross-regulated and subject to feedback regulation at different levels. In yeast, a central role is played by Sch9, a protein kinase that functions as a proximal effector of the conserved growth-regulatory TORC1 complex to mediate information on the availability of free amino acids. However, recent studies established that Sch9 is more than a TORC1-effector as its activity is tuned by several other kinases. This allows Sch9 to function as an integrator that aligns different input signals to achieve accuracy in metabolic responses and stress-related molecular adaptations. In this review, we highlight the latest findings on the structure and regulation of Sch9, as well as its role as a nutrient-responsive hub that impacts on growth and longevity of yeast cells. Given that most key players impinging on Sch9 are well-conserved, we also discuss how studies on Sch9 can be instrumental to further elucidate mechanisms underpinning healthy aging in mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caligaris
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.S.-M.); (P.L.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Riko Hatakeyama
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Benjamin Pillet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (B.S.-M.); (P.L.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Claudio De Virgilio
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;
| | - Raffaele Nicastro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.C.); (B.P.); (C.D.V.)
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39
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Rumpf M, Pautz S, Drebes B, Herberg FW, Müller HAJ. Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine (MAST) Kinases in Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11913. [PMID: 37569286 PMCID: PMC10419289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine (MAST) kinases represent an evolutionary conserved branch of the AGC protein kinase superfamily in the kinome. Since the discovery of the founding member, MAST2, in 1993, three additional family members have been identified in mammals and found to be broadly expressed across various tissues, including the brain, heart, lung, liver, intestine and kidney. The study of MAST kinases is highly relevant for unraveling the molecular basis of a wide range of different human diseases, including breast and liver cancer, myeloma, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis and various neuronal disorders. Despite several reports on potential substrates and binding partners of MAST kinases, the molecular mechanisms that would explain their involvement in human diseases remain rather obscure. This review will summarize data on the structure, biochemistry and cell and molecular biology of MAST kinases in the context of biomedical research as well as organismal model systems in order to provide a current profile of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Rumpf
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34321 Kassel, Germany; (M.R.)
| | - Sabine Pautz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34321 Kassel, Germany
| | - Benedikt Drebes
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34321 Kassel, Germany; (M.R.)
| | - Friedrich W. Herberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34321 Kassel, Germany
| | - Hans-Arno J. Müller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, 34321 Kassel, Germany; (M.R.)
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Reinhardt R, Leonard TA. A critical evaluation of protein kinase regulation by activation loop autophosphorylation. eLife 2023; 12:e88210. [PMID: 37470698 PMCID: PMC10359097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is a ubiquitous mechanism of regulating their function, localization, or activity. Protein kinases, enzymes that use ATP to phosphorylate protein substrates are, therefore, powerful signal transducers in eukaryotic cells. The mechanism of phosphoryl-transfer is universally conserved among protein kinases, which necessitates the tight regulation of kinase activity for the orchestration of cellular processes with high spatial and temporal fidelity. In response to a stimulus, many kinases enhance their own activity by autophosphorylating a conserved amino acid in their activation loop, but precisely how this reaction is performed is controversial. Classically, kinases that autophosphorylate their activation loop are thought to perform the reaction in trans, mediated by transient dimerization of their kinase domains. However, motivated by the recently discovered regulation mechanism of activation loop cis-autophosphorylation by a kinase that is autoinhibited in trans, we here review the various mechanisms of autoregulation that have been proposed. We provide a framework for critically evaluating biochemical, kinetic, and structural evidence for protein kinase dimerization and autophosphorylation, and share some thoughts on the implications of these mechanisms within physiological signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Reinhardt
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical BiochemistryViennaAustria
| | - Thomas A Leonard
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical BiochemistryViennaAustria
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Ru B, Hao X, Li W, Peng Q, Miao J, Liu X. A Novel FYVE Domain-Containing Protein Kinase, PsZFPK1, Plays a Critical Role in Vegetative Growth, Sporangium Formation, Oospore Production, and Virulence in Phytophthora sojae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:709. [PMID: 37504698 PMCID: PMC10381902 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing both FYVE and serine/threonine kinase catalytic (STKc) domains are exclusive to protists. However, the biological function of these proteins in oomycetes has rarely been reported. In the Phytophthora sojae genome database, we identified five proteins containing FYVE and STKc domains, which we named PsZFPK1, PsZFPK2, PsZFPK3, PsZFPK4, and PsZFPK5. In this study, we characterized the biological function of PsZFPK1 using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement system. Compared with the wild-type strain, P6497, the PsZFPK1-knockout mutants exhibited significantly reduced growth on a nutrient-rich V8 medium, while a more pronounced defect was observed on a nutrient-poor Plich medium. The PsZFPK1-knockout mutants also showed a significant increase in sporangium production. Furthermore, PsZFPK1 was found to be essential for oospore production and complete virulence but dispensable for the stress response in P. sojae. The N-terminal region, FYVE and STKc domains, and T602 phosphorylation site were found to be vital for the function of PsZFPK1. Conversely, these domains were not required for the localization of PsZFPK1 protein in the cytoplasm. Our results demonstrate that PsZFPK1 plays a critical role in vegetative growth, sporangium formation, oospore production, and virulence in P. sojae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglu Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xinchang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China
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Xu N, Li LS, Li H, Zhang LH, Zhang N, Wang PJ, Cheng YX, Xiang JY, Linghu EQ, Chai NL. SGK3 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis in endoscopically resected superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia: A long-term study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3658-3667. [PMID: 37398883 PMCID: PMC10311610 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i23.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression status of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3 (SGK3) in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) remains unknown.
AIM To evaluate the SGK3 overexpression rate in ESCN and its influence on the prognosis and outcomes of patients with endoscopic resection.
METHODS A total of 92 patients who had undergone endoscopic resection for ESCN with more than 8 years of follow-up were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate SGK3 expression.
RESULTS SGK3 was overexpressed in 55 (59.8%) patients with ESCN. SGK3 overexpression showed a significant correlation with death (P = 0.031). Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were higher in the normal SGK3 expression group than in the SGK3 overexpression group (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively). Cox regression analysis models demonstrated that SGK3 overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ESCN patients (hazard ratio 4.729; 95% confidence interval: 1.042-21.458).
CONCLUSION SGK3 overexpression was detected in the majority of patients with endoscopically resected ESCN and was significantly associated with shortened survival. Thus, it might be a new prognostic factor for ESCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Long-Song Li
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Cheng
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xiang
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ning-Li Chai
- Senior Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Zhang J, Miki Y, Iwabuchi E, Xu J, Kanai A, Sagara Y, Ohi Y, Rai Y, Yamaguchi R, Tanaka M, Ishida T, Suzuki T, Sasano H. Induction of SGK1 via glucocorticoid-influenced clinical outcome of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-06990-4. [PMID: 37286891 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive breast malignancy. Glucocorticoid (GC)-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway plays a pivotal role in the cellular responses to various stresses including chemotherapy. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) is known as an important downstream effector molecule in the GR signaling pathway, we attempted to explore its clinicopathological and functional significance in TNBC in which GR is expressed. METHODS We first immunolocalized GR and SGK1 and correlated the results with clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome in 131 TNBC patients. We also evaluated the effects of SGK1 on the cell proliferation and migration in TNBC cell lines with administration of dexamethasone (DEX) to further clarify the significance of SGK1. RESULTS The status of SGK1 in carcinoma cells was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome in TNBC patients examined and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, pathological stage, and lymphatic invasion of the patients. In particular, SGK1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence in GR-positive TNBC patients. Subsequent in vitro studies also demonstrated that DEX promoted TNBC cell migration and the silencing of gene expression did inhibit the cell proliferation and migration of TNBC cells under DEX treatment. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore an association between SGK1 and clinicopathological variables and clinical outcome of TNBC patients. SGK1 status was significantly positively correlated with adverse clinical outcome of TNBC patients and promoted carcinoma cell proliferation and migration of carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zhang
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Erina Iwabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junyao Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ayako Kanai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hachinohe City Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Sagara
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgical Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Rai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgical Oncology, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rin Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- JCHO Kurume General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Histotechnology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Dohnalkova E, Bayer RL, Guo Q, Bamidele AO, Kim Lee HS, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Krishnan A, Pavelko KD, Guisot NES, Bunyard P, Kim YB, Ibrahim SH, Gores GJ, Hirsova P. Rho-associated protein kinase 1 inhibition in hepatocytes attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202306010-00031. [PMID: 37267252 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NASH is the progressive form of NAFLD characterized by lipotoxicity, hepatocyte injury, tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. Previously, Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 1 has been implicated in lipotoxic signaling in hepatocytes in vitro and high-fat diet-induced lipogenesis in vivo. However, whether ROCK1 plays a role in liver inflammation and fibrosis during NASH is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that pathogenic activation of ROCK1 promotes murine NASH pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with NASH had increased hepatic ROCK1 expression compared with patients with fatty liver. Similarly, hepatic ROCK1 levels and activity were increased in mice with NASH induced by a western-like diet that is high in fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC). Hepatocyte-specific ROCK1 knockout mice on the FFC diet displayed a decrease in liver steatosis, hepatic cell death, liver inflammation, and fibrosis compared with littermate FFC-fed controls. Mechanistically, these effects were associated with a significant attenuation of myeloid cell recruitment. Interestingly, myeloid cell-specific ROCK1 deletion did not affect NASH development in FFC-fed mice. To explore the therapeutic opportunities, mice with established NASH received ROCKi, a novel small molecule kinase inhibitor of ROCK1/2, which preferentially accumulates in liver tissue. ROCK inhibitor treatment ameliorated insulin resistance and decreased liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of ROCK1 activity attenuates murine NASH, suggesting that ROCK1 may be a therapeutic target for treating human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Dohnalkova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel L Bayer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adebowale O Bamidele
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hyun Se Kim Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin D Pavelko
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Kalra J, Artamonov M, Wang H, Franke A, Markowska Z, Jin L, Derewenda ZS, Ayon R, Somlyo A. p90RSK2, a new MLCK, rescues contractility in myosin light chain kinase null smooth muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541840. [PMID: 37292593 PMCID: PMC10245941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Phosphorylation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin regulatory light chain (RLC 20 ) is a critical switch leading to contraction or cell migration. The canonical view held that the only kinase catalyzing this reaction is the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK1). Auxiliary kinases may be involved and play a vital role in blood pressure homeostasis. We have previously reported that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) functions as such a kinase, in parallel with the classical MLCK1, contributing ∼25% of the maximal myogenic force in resistance arteries and regulating blood pressure. Here, we take advantage of a MLCK1 null mouse to further test our hypothesis that RSK2 can function as an MLCK, playing a significant physiological role in SM contractility. Methods Fetal (E14.5-18.5) SM tissues were used as embryos die at birth. We investigated the necessity of MLCK for contractility, cell migration and fetal development and determined the ability of RSK2 kinase to compensate for the lack of MLCK and characterized it's signaling pathway in SM. Results Agonists induced contraction and RLC 20 phosphorylation in mylk1 -/- SM, that was inhibited by RSK2 inhibitors. Embryos developed and cells migrated in the absence of MLCK. The pCa-tension relationships in WT vs mylk1 -/- muscles demonstrated a Ca 2+ -dependency due to the Ca 2+ -dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2, known to activate PDK1 that phosphorylates and fully activates RSK2. The magnitude of contractile responses was similar upon addition of GTPγS to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway. The Ca 2+ -independent component was through activation of Erk1/2/PDK1/RSK2 leading to direct phosphorylation of RLC 20 , to increase contraction. RSK2, PDK1, Erk1/2 and MLCK formed a signaling complex on the actin filament, optimally positioning them for interaction with adjacent myosin heads. Conclusions RSK2 signaling constitutes a new third signaling pathway, in addition to the established Ca 2+ /CAM/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK pathways to regulate SM contractility and cell migration.
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Sun J, Yu L, Qu X, Huang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184794. [PMID: 37251321 PMCID: PMC10213337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, and β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially the deep molecular mechanisms and effective cancer therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are an important class of lipid sensors and are involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and cell fate. They can regulate cancer progression in different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes the significance and knowledge of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anti-cancer treatment by summarizing recent research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In general, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors either promote or suppress cancer in different types of tumor microenvironments. The emergence of this difference depends on various factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type, cancer type, and tumor stage. Simultaneously, the effect of anti-cancer therapy based on drug-targeted PPARs differs or even opposes among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor homotypes and different cancer types. Therefore, the current status and challenges of the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and antagonists in cancer treatment are further explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Qu
- Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center(Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Lopez J, Bonsor DA, Sale MJ, Urisman A, Mehalko JL, Cabanski-Dunning M, Castel P, Simanshu DK, McCormick F. The Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (RSK2)-SPRED2 complex regulates phosphorylation of RSK substrates and MAPK signaling. J Biol Chem 2023:104789. [PMID: 37149146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouty-related EVH-1 domain-containing (SPRED) proteins are a family of proteins that negatively regulate the RAS-MAPK pathway, which is involved in the regulation of the mitogenic response and cell proliferation. However, the mechanism by which these proteins affect RAS-MAPK signaling has not been fully elucidated. Patients with mutations in SPRED give rise to unique disease phenotypes, thus we hypothesized that distinct interactions across SPRED proteins may account for alternative nodes of regulation. To characterize the SPRED interactome and evaluate how members of the SPRED family function through unique binding partners, here we performed affinity purification mass spectrometry. We identified 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) as a specific interactor of SPRED2, but not SPRED1 or SPRED3. We identified that the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK2 mediates interaction between amino acids 123-201 of SPRED2. Using X-ray crystallography, we determined the structure of the SPRED2-RSK2 complex and identified the SPRED2 motif, F145A, as critical for interaction. Additionally, we found that formation of this interaction is regulated by MAPK signaling events. We also find that that this interaction between SPRED2 and RSK2 has functional consequences, whereby knockdown of SPRED2 resulted in increased phosphorylation of RSK substrates, YB1 and CREB. Furthermore, SPRED2 knockdown hindered phospho-RSK membrane and nuclear subcellular localization. Lastly, we report that disruption of the SPRED2-RSK complex has effects on RAS-MAPK signaling dynamics. Overall, our analysis reveals that members of the SPRED family have unique protein binding partners and describes the molecular and functional determinants of SPRED2-RSK2 complex dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Lopez
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel A Bonsor
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Matthew J Sale
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer L Mehalko
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. PO Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Miranda Cabanski-Dunning
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University, 450 E 29(th) Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dhirendra K Simanshu
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Germano CA, Clemente G, Storniolo A, Romeo MA, Ferretti E, Cirone M, Di Renzo L. mTORC1/ERK1/2 Interplay Regulates Protein Synthesis and Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050676. [PMID: 37237490 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
mTOR is constitutively activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, as indicated by the phosphorylation of its substrates, 4EBP1 and P70S6K. Here, we found that quercetin (Q) and rapamycin (Rap) inhibited P70S6K phosphorylation, partially dephosphorylated 4EBP1, and activated ERK1/2 in U937 and THP1, two leukemia cell lines. ERK1/2 inhibition by U0126 induced a stronger dephosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates and activated AKT. The concomitant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT further dephosphorylated 4EBP1 and further increased Q- or Rap-mediated cytotoxicity, compared to the single ERK1/2 or AKT inhibition in cells undergoing Q- or Rap-treatments. Moreover, quercetin or rapamycin reduced autophagy, particularly when used in combination with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126. This effect was not dependent on TFEB localization in nuclei or cytoplasm or on the transcription of different autophagy genes, but did correlate with the reduction in protein translation due to a strong eIF2α-Ser51 phosphorylation. Thus, ERK1/2, by limiting 4EBP1 de-phosphorylation and eIF2α phosphorylation, behaves as a paladin of protein synthesis. Based on these findings, the combined inhibition of mTORC1, ERK1/2, and AKT should be considered in treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Anna Germano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Clemente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Storniolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Di Renzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Cheng Y, Kang XZ, Chan P, Cheung PHH, Cheng T, Ye ZW, Chan CP, Yu CH, Jin DY. FACI is a novel clathrin adaptor protein 2-binding protein that facilitates low-density lipoprotein endocytosis. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 37072871 PMCID: PMC10114425 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol plays a vital role in multiple physiological processes. Cellular uptake of cholesterol is mediated primarily through endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. New modifiers of this process remain to be characterized. Particularly, the role of fasting- and CREB-H-induced (FACI) protein in cholesterol homeostasis merits further investigation. METHODS Interactome profiling by proximity labeling and affinity purification - mass spectrometry was performed. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to analyze protein co-localization and interaction. Mutational analysis was carried out to define the domain and residues required for FACI localization and function. Endocytosis was traced by fluorescent cargos. LDL uptake in cultured cells and diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice were assessed. RESULTS FACI interacted with proteins critically involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and membrane cytoskeleton. FACI localized to clathrin-coated pits (CCP) on plasma membranes. FACI contains a conserved DxxxLI motif, which mediates its binding with the adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex. Disruption of this motif of FACI abolished its CCP localization but didn't affect its association with plasma membrane. Cholesterol was found to facilitate FACI transport from plasma membrane to endocytic recycling compartment in a clathrin- and cytoskeleton-dependent manner. LDL endocytosis was enhanced in FACI-overexpressed AML12 cells but impaired in FACI-depleted HeLa cells. In vivo study indicated that hepatic FACI overexpression alleviated diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice. CONCLUSIONS FACI facilitates LDL endocytosis through its interaction with the AP2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiao-Zhuo Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pearl Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pak-Hin Hinson Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Truebestein L, Antonioli S, Waltenberger E, Gehin C, Gavin AC, Leonard TA. Structure and regulation of the myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase. Structure 2023; 31:435-446.e4. [PMID: 36854301 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases of the dystonia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) family are critical regulators of actomyosin contractility in cells. The DMPK kinase MRCK1 is required for the activation of myosin, leading to the development of cortical tension, apical constriction, and early gastrulation. Here, we present the structure, conformation, and membrane-binding properties of Caenorhabditis elegans MRCK1. MRCK1 forms a homodimer with N-terminal kinase domains, a parallel coiled coil of 55 nm, and a C-terminal tripartite module of C1, pleckstrin homology (PH), and citron homology (CNH) domains. We report the high-resolution structure of the membrane-binding C1-PH-CNH module of MRCK1 and, using high-throughput and conventional liposome-binding assays, determine its binding to specific phospholipids. We further characterize the interaction of the C-terminal CRIB motif with Cdc42. The length of the coiled-coil domain of DMPK kinases is remarkably conserved over millions of years of evolution, suggesting that they may function as molecular rulers to position kinase activity at a fixed distance from the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Truebestein
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sumire Antonioli
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Waltenberger
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Gehin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), AI 1108, Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; University of Geneva, Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, CMU Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Leonard
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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