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Liang D, Zhou L, Zhou H, Zhang F, Fang G, Leng J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang A, Liu Y, Chen YH. A GABAergic system in atrioventricular node pacemaker cells controls electrical conduction between the atria and ventricles. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-00980-x. [PMID: 38849501 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, the atria contract first, followed by the ventricles, which is the prerequisite for normal blood circulation. The above phenomenon of atrioventricular sequential contraction results from the characteristically slow conduction of electrical excitation of the atrioventricular node (AVN) between the atria and the ventricles. However, it is not clear what controls the conduction of electrical excitation within AVNs. Here, we find that AVN pacemaker cells (AVNPCs) possess an intact intrinsic GABAergic system, which plays a key role in electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles. First, along with the discovery of abundant GABA-containing vesicles under the surface membranes of AVNPCs, key elements of the GABAergic system, including GABA metabolic enzymes, GABA receptors, and GABA transporters, were identified in AVNPCs. Second, GABA synchronously elicited GABA-gated currents in AVNPCs, which significantly weakened the excitability of AVNPCs. Third, the key molecular elements of the GABAergic system markedly modulated the conductivity of electrical excitation in the AVN. Fourth, GABAA receptor deficiency in AVNPCs accelerated atrioventricular conduction, which impaired the AVN's protective potential against rapid ventricular frequency responses, increased susceptibility to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, and decreased the cardiac contractile function. Finally, interventions targeting the GABAergic system effectively prevented the occurrence and development of atrioventricular block. In summary, the endogenous GABAergic system in AVNPCs determines the slow conduction of electrical excitation within AVNs, thereby ensuring sequential atrioventricular contraction. The endogenous GABAergic system shows promise as a novel intervention target for cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center for Heart Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fulei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Research Units of Origin and Regulation of Heart Rhythm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center for Heart Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Chaturvedi R, Emery P. Fly into tranquility: GABA's role in Drosophila sleep. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 64:101219. [PMID: 38848811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is conserved across the animal kingdom, and Drosophila melanogaster is a prime model to understand its intricate circadian and homeostatic control. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a central role in sleep. This review delves into GABA's complex mechanisms of actions within Drosophila's sleep-regulating neural networks. We discuss how GABA promotes sleep, both by inhibiting circadian arousal neurons and by being a key neurotransmitter in sleep homeostatic circuits. GABA's impact on sleep is modulated by glia through astrocytic GABA recapture and metabolism. Interestingly, GABA can be coexpressed with other neurotransmitters in sleep-regulating neurons, which likely contributes to context-based sleep plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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3
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Kramer TS, Flavell SW. Building and integrating brain-wide maps of nervous system function in invertebrates. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102868. [PMID: 38569231 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The selection and execution of context-appropriate behaviors is controlled by the integrated action of neural circuits throughout the brain. However, how activity is coordinated across brain regions, and how nervous system structure enables these functional interactions, remain open questions. Recent technical advances have made it feasible to build brain-wide maps of nervous system structure and function, such as brain activity maps, connectomes, and cell atlases. Here, we review recent progress in this area, focusing on C. elegans and D. melanogaster, as recent work has produced global maps of these nervous systems. We also describe neural circuit motifs elucidated in studies of specific networks, which highlight the complexities that must be captured to build accurate models of whole-brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya S Kramer
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; MIT Biology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Flavell
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Xia X, Li Y. A new GRAB sensor reveals differences in the dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptide and neurotransmitter release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595424. [PMID: 38826473 PMCID: PMC11142204 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The co-existence and co-transmission of neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters in the same neuron is a fundamental aspect of almost all neurons across various species. However, the differences regarding their in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying molecular regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor for detecting short neuropeptide F (sNPF) with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, we explore the differences of in vivo dynamics and molecular regulation between sNPF and acetylcholine (ACh) from the same neurons. Interestingly, the release of sNPF and ACh shows different spatiotemporal dynamics. Notably, we found that distinct synaptotagmins (Syt) are involved in these two processes, as Syt7 and Sytα for sNPF release, while Syt1 for ACh release. Thus, this new GRAB sensor provides a powerful tool for studying neuropeptide release and providing new insights into the distinct release dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiju Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), and Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program (PTN), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies (AAIS), and Peking University–Tsinghua University–National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program (PTN), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
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5
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Sharma S, Naldrett MJ, Gill MJ, Checco JW. Affinity-Driven Aryl Diazonium Labeling of Peptide Receptors on Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13676-13688. [PMID: 38693710 PMCID: PMC11149697 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-receptor interactions play critical roles in a wide variety of physiological processes. Methods to link bioactive peptides covalently to unmodified receptors on the surfaces of living cells are valuable for studying receptor signaling, dynamics, and trafficking and for identifying novel peptide-receptor interactions. Here, we utilize peptide analogues bearing deactivated aryl diazonium groups for the affinity-driven labeling of unmodified receptors. We demonstrate that aryl diazonium-bearing peptide analogues can covalently label receptors on the surface of living cells using both the neurotensin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor systems. Receptor labeling occurs in the complex environment of the cell surface in a sequence-specific manner. We further demonstrate the utility of this covalent labeling approach for the visualization of peptide receptors by confocal fluorescence microscopy and for the enrichment and identification of labeled receptors by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Aryl diazonium-based affinity-driven receptor labeling is attractive due to the high abundance of tyrosine and histidine residues susceptible to azo coupling in the peptide binding sites of receptors, the ease of incorporation of aryl diazonium groups into peptides, and the relatively small size of the aryl diazonium group. This approach should prove to be a powerful and relatively general method to study peptide-receptor interactions in cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Makayla J Gill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James W Checco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- The Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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6
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Cholewiński M, Chowański S, Lubawy J, Urbański A, Walkowiak-Nowicka K, Marciniak P. Short neuropeptide F in integrated insect physiology. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:389-409. [PMID: 38725339 PMCID: PMC11087187 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The short neuropeptide F (sNPF) family of peptides is a multifunctional group of neurohormones involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in insects. They have been found in a broad spectrum of species, but the number of isoforms in the precursor molecule varies from one to four. The receptor for sNPF (sNPFR), which belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, has been characterized in various insect orders and was shown to be an ortholog of the mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PrPR). The sNPF signaling pathway interacts with other neurohormones such as insulin-like peptides, SIFamide, and pigment-dispersing factors (PDFs) to regulate various processes. The main physiological function of sNPF seems to be involved in the regulation of feeding, but the observed effects are species-specific. sNPF is also connected with the regulation of foraging behavior and the olfactory system. The influence of sNPF on feeding and thus energy metabolism may also indirectly affect other vital processes, such as reproduction and development. In addition, these neurohormones are involved in the regulation of locomotor activity and circadian rhythm in insects. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the sNPF system in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland.
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7
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Eckstein N, Bates AS, Champion A, Du M, Yin Y, Schlegel P, Lu AKY, Rymer T, Finley-May S, Paterson T, Parekh R, Dorkenwald S, Matsliah A, Yu SC, McKellar C, Sterling A, Eichler K, Costa M, Seung S, Murthy M, Hartenstein V, Jefferis GSXE, Funke J. Neurotransmitter classification from electron microscopy images at synaptic sites in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 2024; 187:2574-2594.e23. [PMID: 38729112 PMCID: PMC11106717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution electron microscopy of nervous systems has enabled the reconstruction of synaptic connectomes. However, we do not know the synaptic sign for each connection (i.e., whether a connection is excitatory or inhibitory), which is implied by the released transmitter. We demonstrate that artificial neural networks can predict transmitter types for presynapses from electron micrographs: a network trained to predict six transmitters (acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, octopamine) achieves an accuracy of 87% for individual synapses, 94% for neurons, and 91% for known cell types across a D. melanogaster whole brain. We visualize the ultrastructural features used for prediction, discovering subtle but significant differences between transmitter phenotypes. We also analyze transmitter distributions across the brain and find that neurons that develop together largely express only one fast-acting transmitter (acetylcholine, glutamate, or GABA). We hope that our publicly available predictions act as an accelerant for neuroscientific hypothesis generation for the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eckstein
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA; Institute of Neuroinformatics UZH/ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Shakeel Bates
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Champion
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Du
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yijie Yin
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arie Matsliah
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Szi-Chieh Yu
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Claire McKellar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Sterling
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Katharina Eichler
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marta Costa
- Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Seung
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S X E Jefferis
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Drosophila Connectomics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jan Funke
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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8
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Lykke L, Ernst C, Bek T. The vasoactive effects of bradykinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y depend on the perivascular tissue in porcine retinal arterioles in vitro. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:349-356. [PMID: 37565361 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The retina contains a number of vasoactive neuropeptides and corresponding receptors, but the role of these neuropeptides for tone regulation of retinal arterioles has not been studied in detail. METHODS Porcine arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue were mounted in a wire myograph, and the tone was measured after the addition of increasing concentrations of bradykinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The experiments were performed during inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins and dopamine and were repeated after removal of the perivascular retinal tissue. RESULTS Bradykinin, VIP and CGRP induced significant concentration-dependent dilatation and NPY significant concentration-dependent contraction of the arterioles in the presence of perivascular retinal tissue (p < 0.03 for all comparisons) but not on isolated arterioles. BNP and SP had no effect on vascular tone. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME reduced bradykinin- and VIP-induced relaxation (p < 0.001 for both comparisons), whereas none of the other inhibitors influenced the vasoactive effects of the studied neuropeptides. CONCLUSION The effects of neuropeptides on the tone of retinal arterioles depend on the perivascular retinal tissue and may involve effects other than those mediated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins and adrenergic compounds. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the vasoactive effect of neuropeptides may be important for understanding and treating retinal diseases where disturbances in retinal flow regulation are involved in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lykke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ernst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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9
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Selcho M. Octopamine in the mushroom body circuitry for learning and memory. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053839. [PMID: 38862169 PMCID: PMC11199948 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053839.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Octopamine, the functional analog of noradrenaline, modulates many different behaviors and physiological processes in invertebrates. In the central nervous system, a few octopaminergic neurons project throughout the brain and innervate almost all neuropils. The center of memory formation in insects, the mushroom bodies, receive octopaminergic innervations in all insects investigated so far. Different octopamine receptors, either increasing or decreasing cAMP or calcium levels in the cell, are localized in Kenyon cells, further supporting the release of octopamine in the mushroom bodies. In addition, different mushroom body (MB) output neurons, projection neurons, and dopaminergic PAM cells are targets of octopaminergic neurons, enabling the modulation of learning circuits at different neural sites. For some years, the theory persisted that octopamine mediates rewarding stimuli, whereas dopamine (DA) represents aversive stimuli. This simple picture has been challenged by the finding that DA is required for both appetitive and aversive learning. Furthermore, octopamine is also involved in aversive learning and a rather complex interaction between these biogenic amines seems to modulate learning and memory. This review summarizes the role of octopamine in MB function, focusing on the anatomical principles and the role of the biogenic amine in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Selcho
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Silveira MA, Herrera YN, Beebe NL, Schofield BR, Roberts MT. Lineage-tracing reveals an expanded population of NPY neurons in the inferior colliculus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587042. [PMID: 38585909 PMCID: PMC10996674 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that neuropeptide signaling shapes auditory computations. We previously showed that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed in the inferior colliculus (IC) by a population of GABAergic stellate neurons and that NPY regulates the strength of local excitatory circuits in the IC. NPY neurons were initially characterized using the NPY-hrGFP reporter mouse, in which hrGFP expression indicates NPY expression at the time of assay, i.e., an expression-tracking approach. However, studies in other brain regions have shown that NPY expression can vary based on a range of factors, suggesting that the NPY-hrGFP mouse might miss NPY neurons not expressing NPY proximal to the experiment date. Here, we hypothesized that neurons with the ability to express NPY represent a larger population of IC GABAergic neurons than previously reported. To test this hypothesis, we used a lineage-tracing approach to irreversibly tag neurons that expressed NPY at any point prior to the experiment date. We then compared the physiological and anatomical features of neurons labeled with this lineage-tracing approach to our prior data set, revealing a larger population of NPY neurons than previously found. In addition, we used optogenetics to test the local connectivity of NPY neurons and found that NPY neurons routinely provide inhibitory synaptic input to other neurons in the ipsilateral IC. Together, our data expand the definition of NPY neurons in the IC, suggest that NPY expression might be dynamically regulated in the IC, and provide functional evidence that NPY neurons form local inhibitory circuits in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Silveira
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Neuroscience, Development and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yoani N. Herrera
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nichole L. Beebe
- University Hospitals Hearing Research Center at NEOMED, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Brett R. Schofield
- University Hospitals Hearing Research Center at NEOMED, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Michael T. Roberts
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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11
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Zhao Y, Wan J, Li Y. Genetically encoded sensors for in vivo detection of neurochemicals relevant to depression. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38468468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a common and debilitating form of mental illness with significant impacts on individuals and society. Despite the high prevalence, the underlying causes and mechanisms of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. Neurochemical systems, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of depressive symptoms. Current treatments for depression target these neuromodulator systems, but there is a need for a better understanding of their role in order to develop more effective treatments. Monitoring neurochemical dynamics during depressive symptoms is crucial for gaining a better a understanding of their involvement in depressive disorders. Genetically encoded sensors have emerged recently that offer high spatial-temporal resolution and the ability to monitor neurochemical dynamics in real time. This review explores the neurochemical systems involved in depression and discusses the applications and limitations of current monitoring tools for neurochemical dynamics. It also highlights the potential of genetically encoded sensors for better characterizing neurochemical dynamics in depression-related behaviors. Furthermore, potential improvements to current sensors are discussed in order to meet the requirements of depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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12
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Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR. Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory. Nature 2024; 627:374-381. [PMID: 38326616 PMCID: PMC10937396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral amygdala is a centre of salience networks that underlie emotional experiences and thus has a key role in long-term fear memory formation1. Here we used spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate the cellular and molecular architecture of the role of the basolateral amygdala in long-term memory. We identified transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks. These transcriptional signatures implicate neuropeptide and BDNF signalling, MAPK and CREB activation, ubiquitination pathways, and synaptic connectivity as key components of long-term memory. Notably, upon long-term memory formation, a neuronal subpopulation defined by increased Penk and decreased Tac expression constituted the most prominent component of the memory engram of the basolateral amygdala. These transcriptional changes were observed both with single-cell RNA sequencing and with single-molecule spatial transcriptomics in intact slices, thereby providing a rich spatial map of a memory engram. The spatial data enabled us to determine that this neuronal subpopulation interacts with adjacent astrocytes, and functional experiments show that neurons require interactions with astrocytes to encode long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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13
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Wasilewicz LJ, Gagnon ZE, Jung J, Mercier AJ. Investigating postsynaptic effects of a Drosophila neuropeptide on muscle contraction. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:137-151. [PMID: 38150542 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00246.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila neuropeptide, DPKQDFMRFamide, was previously shown to enhance excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) and muscle contraction by both presynaptic and postsynaptic actions. Since the peptide acts on both sides of the synaptic cleft, it has been difficult to examine postsynaptic modulatory mechanisms, particularly when contractions are elicited by nerve stimulation. Here, postsynaptic actions are examined in 3rd instar larvae by applying peptide and the excitatory neurotransmitter, l-glutamate, in the bathing solution to elicit contractions after silencing motor output by removing the central nervous system (CNS). DPKQDFMRFamide enhanced glutamate-evoked contractions at low concentrations (EC50 1.3 nM), consistent with its role as a neurohormone, and the combined effect of both substances was supra-additive. Glutamate-evoked contractions were also enhanced when transmitter release was blocked in temperature-sensitive (Shibire) mutants, confirming the peptide's postsynaptic action. The peptide increased membrane depolarization in muscle when co-applied with glutamate, and its effects were blocked by nifedipine, an L-type channel blocker, indicating effects at the plasma membrane involving calcium influx. DPKQDFMRFamide also enhanced contractions induced by caffeine in the absence of extracellular calcium, suggesting increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or effects downstream of calcium release from the SR. The peptide's effects do not appear to involve calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), previously shown to mediate presynaptic effects. The approach used here might be useful for examining postsynaptic effects of neurohormones and cotransmitters in other systems.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Distinguishing presynaptic and postsynaptic effects of neurohormones is a long-standing challenge in many model organisms. Here, postsynaptic actions of DPKQDFMRFamide are demonstrated by assessing its ability to potentiate contractions elicited by direct application of the neurotransmitter, glutamate, when axons are silent and when transmitter release is blocked. The peptide acts at multiple sites to increase contraction, increasing glutamate-induced depolarization at the cell membrane, acting on L-type channels, and acting downstream of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Wasilewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoe E Gagnon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - JaeHwan Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Joffre Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Anneser L, Satou C, Hotz HR, Friedrich RW. Molecular organization of neuronal cell types and neuromodulatory systems in the zebrafish telencephalon. Curr Biol 2024; 34:298-312.e4. [PMID: 38157860 PMCID: PMC10808507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The function of neuronal networks is determined not only by synaptic connectivity but also by neuromodulatory systems that broadcast information via distributed connections and volume transmission. To understand the molecular constraints that organize neuromodulatory signaling in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish, we used transcriptomics and additional approaches to delineate cell types, to determine their phylogenetic conservation, and to map the expression of marker genes at high granularity. The combinatorial expression of GPCRs and cell-type markers indicates that all neuronal cell types are subject to modulation by multiple monoaminergic systems and distinct combinations of neuropeptides. Individual cell types were associated with multiple (typically >30) neuromodulatory signaling networks but expressed only a few diagnostic GPCRs at high levels, suggesting that different neuromodulatory systems act in combination, albeit with unequal weights. These results provide a detailed map of cell types and brain areas in the zebrafish telencephalon, identify core components of neuromodulatory networks, highlight the cell-type specificity of neuropeptides and GPCRs, and begin to decipher the logic of combinatorial neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anneser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chie Satou
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Rudolf Hotz
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer W Friedrich
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Kelly EA, Love TM, Fudge JL. Corticotropin-releasing factor-dopamine interactions in male and female macaque: Beyond the classic VTA. Synapse 2024; 78:e22284. [PMID: 37996987 PMCID: PMC10842953 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is involved in stress and stress-related illnesses, including many psychiatric disorders. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a role in stress responses and targets the ventral midbrain DA system, which is composed of DA and non-DA cells, and divided into specific subregions. Although CRF inputs to the midline A10 nuclei ("classic VTA") are known, in monkeys, CRF-containing terminals are also highly enriched in the expanded A10 parabrachial pigmented nucleus (PBP) and in the A8 retrorubral field subregions. We characterized CRF-labeled synaptic terminals on DA (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH+) and non-DA (TH-) cell types in the PBP and A8 regions using immunoreactive electron microscopy (EM) in male and female macaques. CRF labeling was present mostly in axon terminals, which mainly contacted TH-negative dendrites in both subregions. Most CRF-positive terminals had symmetric profiles. In both PBP and A8, CRF symmetric (putative inhibitory) synapses onto TH-negative dendrites were significantly greater than asymmetric (putative excitatory) profiles. This overall pattern was similar in males and females, despite shifts in the size of these effects between regions depending on sex. Because stress and gonadal hormone shifts can influence CRF expression, we also did hormonal assays over a 6-month time period and found little variability in basal cortisol across similarly housed animals at the same age. Together our findings suggest that at baseline, CRF-positive synaptic terminals in the primate PBP and A8 are poised to regulate DA indirectly through synaptic contacts onto non-DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kelly
- Departments of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - T M Love
- Department of Biostatistics, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - J L Fudge
- Departments of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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16
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Mountoufaris G, Nair A, Yang B, Kim DW, Anderson DJ. Neuropeptide Signaling is Required to Implement a Line Attractor Encoding a Persistent Internal Behavioral State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565073. [PMID: 37961374 PMCID: PMC10635056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Internal states drive survival behaviors, but their neural implementation is not well understood. Recently we identified a line attractor in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) that represents an internal state of aggressiveness. Line attractors can be implemented by recurrent connectivity and/or neuromodulatory signaling, but evidence for the latter is scant. Here we show that neuropeptidergic signaling is necessary for line attractor dynamics in this system, using a novel approach that integrates cell type-specific, anatomically restricted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with microendoscopic calcium imaging. Co-disruption of receptors for oxytocin and vasopressin in adult VMH Esr1 + neurons that control aggression suppressed attack, reduced persistent neural activity and eliminated line attractor dynamics, while only modestly impacting neural activity and sex- or behavior-tuning. These data identify a requisite role for neuropeptidergic signaling in implementing a behaviorally relevant line attractor. Our approach should facilitate mechanistic studies in neuroscience that bridge different levels of biological function and abstraction.
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17
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Chemical cognition: chemoconnectomics and convergent evolution of integrative systems in animals. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1851-1864. [PMID: 38015282 PMCID: PMC11106658 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurons underpin cognition in animals. However, the roots of animal cognition are elusive from both mechanistic and evolutionary standpoints. Two conceptual frameworks both highlight and promise to address these challenges. First, we discuss evidence that animal neural and other integrative systems evolved more than once (convergent evolution) within basal metazoan lineages, giving us unique experiments by Nature for future studies. The most remarkable examples are neural systems in ctenophores and neuroid-like systems in placozoans and sponges. Second, in addition to classical synaptic wiring, a chemical connectome mediated by hundreds of signal molecules operates in tandem with neurons and is the most information-rich source of emerging properties and adaptability. The major gap-dynamic, multifunctional chemical micro-environments in nervous systems-is not understood well. Thus, novel tools and information are needed to establish mechanistic links between orchestrated, yet cell-specific, volume transmission and behaviors. Uniting what we call chemoconnectomics and analyses of the cellular bases of behavior in basal metazoan lineages arguably would form the foundation for deciphering the origins and early evolution of elementary cognition and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, USA.
| | - Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Wallace ML, Sabatini BL. Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain. Neuron 2023; 111:2969-2983. [PMID: 37463580 PMCID: PMC10592565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the mammalian brain are not limited to releasing a single neurotransmitter but often release multiple neurotransmitters onto postsynaptic cells. Here, we review recent findings of multitransmitter neurons found throughout the mammalian central nervous system. We highlight recent technological innovations that have made the identification of new multitransmitter neurons and the study of their synaptic properties possible. We also focus on mechanisms and molecular constituents required for neurotransmitter corelease at the axon terminal and synaptic vesicle, as well as some possible functions of multitransmitter neurons in diverse brain circuits. We expect that these approaches will lead to new insights into the mechanism and function of multitransmitter neurons, their role in circuits, and their contribution to normal and pathological brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Wallace
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Sapkota S, Haider Ali M, Alshamrani AA, Napit PR, Roy SC, Pasula MB, Briski KP. GHRH Neurons from the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Provide Dynamic and Sex-Specific Input to the Brain Glucose-Regulatory Network. Neuroscience 2023; 529:73-87. [PMID: 37572878 PMCID: PMC10592138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) controls glucose counter-regulation, including pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion. VMN neurons that express the transcription factor steroidogenic factor-1/NR5A1 (SF-1) participate in glucose homeostasis. Research utilized in vivo gene knockdown tools to determine if VMN growth hormone-releasing hormone (Ghrh) regulates hypoglycemic patterns of glucagon, corticosterone, and GH outflow according to sex. Intra-VMN Ghrh siRNA administration blunted hypoglycemic hypercorticosteronemia in each sex, but abolished elevated GH release in males only. Single-cell multiplex qPCR showed that dorsomedial VMN (VMNdm) Ghrh neurons express mRNAs encoding Ghrh, SF-1, and protein markers for glucose-inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid) or -stimulatory (nitric oxide; glutamate) neurotransmitters. Hypoglycemia decreased glutamate decarboxylase67 (GAD67) transcripts in male, not female VMNdm Ghrh/SF-1 neurons, a response that was refractory to Ghrh siRNA. Ghrh gene knockdown prevented, in each sex, hypoglycemic down-regulation of Ghrh/SF-1 nerve cell GAD65 transcription. Ghrh siRNA amplified hypoglycemia-associated up-regulation of Ghrh/SF-1 neuron nitric oxide synthase mRNA in male and female, without affecting glutaminase gene expression. Ghrh gene knockdown altered Ghrh/SF-1 neuron estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) and ER-beta transcripts in hypoglycemic male, not female rats, but up-regulated GPR81 lactate receptor mRNA in both sexes. Outcomes infer that VMNdm Ghrh/SF-1 neurons may be an effector of SF-1 control of counter-regulation, and document Ghrh modulation of hypoglycemic patterns of glucose-regulatory neurotransmitter along with estradiol and lactate receptor gene transcription in these cells. Co-transmission of glucose-inhibitory and -stimulatory neurochemicals of diverse chemical structure, spatial, and temporal profiles may enable VMNdm Ghrh neurons to provide complex dynamic, sex-specific input to the brain glucose-regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Sapkota
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Md Haider Ali
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Ayed A Alshamrani
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Prabhat R Napit
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Sagor C Roy
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Madhu Babu Pasula
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - Karen P Briski
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
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20
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Subkhangulova A, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Groffen AJA, van Weering JRT, Smit AB, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Tomosyn affects dense core vesicle composition but not exocytosis in mammalian neurons. eLife 2023; 12:e85561. [PMID: 37695731 PMCID: PMC10495110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomosyn is a large, non-canonical SNARE protein proposed to act as an inhibitor of SNARE complex formation in the exocytosis of secretory vesicles. In the brain, tomosyn inhibits the fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs), whereas its role in the fusion of neuropeptide-containing dense core vesicles (DCVs) is unknown. Here, we addressed this question using a new mouse model with a conditional deletion of tomosyn (Stxbp5) and its paralogue tomosyn-2 (Stxbp5l). We monitored DCV exocytosis at single vesicle resolution in tomosyn-deficient primary neurons using a validated pHluorin-based assay. Surprisingly, loss of tomosyns did not affect the number of DCV fusion events but resulted in a strong reduction of intracellular levels of DCV cargos, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF levels were largely restored by re-expression of tomosyn but not by inhibition of lysosomal proteolysis. Tomosyn's SNARE domain was dispensable for the rescue. The size of the trans-Golgi network and DCVs was decreased, and the speed of DCV cargo flux through Golgi was increased in tomosyn-deficient neurons, suggesting a role for tomosyns in DCV biogenesis. Additionally, tomosyn-deficient neurons showed impaired mRNA expression of some DCV cargos, which was not restored by re-expression of tomosyn and was also observed in Cre-expressing wild-type neurons not carrying loxP sites, suggesting a direct effect of Cre recombinase on neuronal transcription. Taken together, our findings argue against an inhibitory role of tomosyns in neuronal DCV exocytosis and suggests an evolutionary conserved function of tomosyns in the packaging of secretory cargo at the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aygul Subkhangulova
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Alexander JA Groffen
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jan RT van Weering
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)AmsterdamNetherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit (VU) AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)AmsterdamNetherlands
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21
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Fernandez MP, Trannoy S, Certel SJ. Fighting Flies: Quantifying and Analyzing Drosophila Aggression. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:618-627. [PMID: 37019610 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggression is an innate behavior that likely evolved in the framework of defending or obtaining resources. This complex social behavior is influenced by genetic, environmental, and internal factors. Drosophila melanogaster remains an effective and exciting model organism with which to unravel the mechanistic basis of aggression due to its small but sophisticated brain, an impressive array of neurogenetic tools, and robust stereotypical behavioral patterns. The investigations of many laboratories have led to the identification of external and internal state factors that promote aggression, sex differences in the patterns and outcome of aggression, and neurotransmitters that regulate aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Fernandez
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Barnard College, New York City, New York 10027, USA
| | - Severine Trannoy
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah J Certel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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22
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Wen YX, Fan LY, Yang AY, Zhang YC, Xu C, Wang ZH, Xie WJ, Lu Y, Zhang XY, Zhu JN, Sun A, Li L, Zhang QP. Oxytocinergic neurons, but not oxytocin, are crucial for male penile erection. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109576. [PMID: 37164226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The cumulative evidence suggests that oxytocin is involved in the male sexual behaviors. However, no significant sexual impairments were observed in oxytocin gene knock-out (KO) mice, suggesting that oxytocin is not necessary for sexual behavior in male mice. To better understand the role of oxytocin in male erection, two types of oxytocin gene KO mice were created. In the first type, the oxytocin gene was deleted in the zygote, while in the second type, the oxytocin gene was mutated in adulthood by injecting the CRISPR/Cas9 AAVs. The results showed that disrupting the oxytocin gene at either the embryonic or adult stage did not affect erection, indicating that oxytocin is not necessary for penile erection. Pharmacologically, injecting oxytocin receptor agonist Carbetocin into the VTA of the oxytocin gene KO mice still evoked penile erection. By employing the Oxt-Ires-Cre mice, we found that specifically activating oxytocinergic neurons through chemogenetics strongly induced penile erection, while inhibiting these neurons blocked the erection responses. Furthermore, ablating PVN oxytocinergic neurons abolished the male erection response. In conclusion, although the neuropeptide oxytocin is not essential for male erection, the activity of oxytocinergic neurons is required. Our results might reflect the redundancy in the central nerve system in the sense that many signals contribute to the activation of oxytocinergic neurons to evoke penile erection during sexual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin-Yao Fan
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - An-Yong Yang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Chufei Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zi-Hui Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Jiong Xie
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Anyang Sun
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases & Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qi-Peng Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), NJU Institute of AI Biomedicine and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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23
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Sizemore TR, Jonaitis J, Dacks AM. Heterogeneous receptor expression underlies non-uniform peptidergic modulation of olfaction in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5280. [PMID: 37644052 PMCID: PMC10465596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems are dynamically adjusted according to the animal's ongoing needs by neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are often widely-distributed throughout sensory networks, but it is unclear whether such neuropeptides uniformly modulate network activity. Here, we leverage the Drosophila antennal lobe (AL) to resolve whether myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) uniformly modulates AL processing. Despite being uniformly distributed across the AL, MIP decreases olfactory input to some glomeruli, while increasing olfactory input to other glomeruli. We reveal that a heterogeneous ensemble of local interneurons (LNs) are the sole source of AL MIP, and show that differential expression of the inhibitory MIP receptor across glomeruli allows MIP to act on distinct intraglomerular substrates. Our findings demonstrate how even a seemingly simple case of modulation can have complex consequences on network processing by acting non-uniformly within different components of the overall network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Sizemore
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale Science Building, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA.
| | - Julius Jonaitis
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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24
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Priest MF, Freda SN, Rieth IJ, Badong D, Dumrongprechachan V, Kozorovitskiy Y. Peptidergic and functional delineation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112992. [PMID: 37594894 PMCID: PMC10512657 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neuronal populations that release fast-acting excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain also contain slower-acting neuropeptides. These facultative peptidergic cell types are common, but it remains uncertain whether neurons that solely release peptides exist. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization, genetically targeted electron microscopy, and electrophysiological characterization suggest that most neurons of the non-cholinergic, centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in mice are obligately peptidergic. We further show, using anterograde projection mapping, monosynaptic retrograde tracing, angled-tip fiber photometry, and chemogenetic modulation and genetically targeted ablation in conjunction with canonical assays for anxiety, that this peptidergic population activates in response to loss of motor control and promotes anxiety responses. Together, these findings elucidate an integrative, ethologically relevant role for the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and functionally align the nucleus with the periaqueductal gray, where it resides. This work advances our understanding of peptidergic modulation of anxiety and provides a framework for future investigations of peptidergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Priest
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sara N Freda
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Isabelle J Rieth
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Deanna Badong
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vasin Dumrongprechachan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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25
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Schneider AC, Itani O, Cronin E, Daur N, Bucher D, Nadim F. Comodulation reduces interindividual variability of circuit output. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543573. [PMID: 37383946 PMCID: PMC10298844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ionic current levels of identified neurons vary substantially across individual animals. Yet, under similar conditions, neural circuit output can be remarkably similar, as evidenced in many motor systems. All neural circuits are influenced by multiple neuromodulators which provide flexibility to their output. These neuromodulators often overlap in their actions by modulating the same channel type or synapse, yet have neuron-specific actions resulting from distinct receptor expression. Because of this different receptor expression pattern, in the presence of multiple convergent neuromodulators, a common downstream target would be activated more uniformly in circuit neurons across individuals. We therefore propose that a baseline tonic (non-saturating) level of comodulation by convergent neuromodulators can reduce interindividual variability of circuit output. We tested this hypothesis in the pyloric circuit of the crab, Cancer borealis. Multiple excitatory neuropeptides converge to activate the same voltage-gated current in this circuit, but different subsets of pyloric neurons have receptors for each peptide. We quantified the interindividual variability of the unmodulated pyloric circuit output by measuring the activity phases, cycle frequency and intraburst spike number and frequency. We then examined the variability in the presence of different combinations and concentrations of three neuropeptides. We found that at mid-level concentration (30 nM) but not at near-threshold (1 nM) or saturating (1 μM) concentrations, comodulation by multiple neuropeptides reduced the circuit output variability. Notably, the interindividual variability of response properties of an isolated neuron was not reduced by comodulation, suggesting that the reduction of output variability may emerge as a network effect.
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26
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Qian T, Wang H, Xia X, Li Y. Current and emerging methods for probing neuropeptide transmission. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102751. [PMID: 37487399 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides comprise the most diverse category of neurochemicals in the brain, playing critical roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Monitoring neuropeptides with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for understanding how peptidergic transmission is regulated throughout the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of current non-optical and optical approaches used to detect neuropeptides, including their design principles, intrinsic properties, and potential limitations. We also highlight the advantages of using G protein‒coupled receptor (GPCR) activation‒based (GRAB) sensors to monitor neuropeptides in vivo with high sensitivity, good specificity, and high spatiotemporal resolution. Finally, we present a promising outlook regarding the development and optimization of new GRAB neuropeptide sensors, as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiju Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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27
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Christensen EK, Konomi-Pilkati A, Rombach J, Comaposada-Baro R, Wang H, Li Y, Sørensen AT. Detection of endogenous NPY release determined by novel GRAB sensor in cultured cortical neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1221147. [PMID: 37545877 PMCID: PMC10399118 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1221147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundantly expressed peptide in the nervous system. Its widespread distribution along with its receptors, both centrally and peripherally, indicates its broad functions in numerous biological processes. However, the low endogenous concentration and diffuse distribution of NPY make it challenging to study its actions and dynamics directly and comprehensively. Studies on the role of NPY have primarily been limited to exogenous application, transgene expression, or knock-out in biological systems, which are often combined with pharmacological probes to delineate the involvement of specific NPY receptors. Therefore, to better understand the function of NPY in time and space, direct visualization of the real-time dynamics of endogenous NPY is a valuable and desired tool. Using the first-generation and newly developed intensiometric green fluorescent G-protein-coupled NPY sensor (GRAB NPY1.0), we, for the first time, demonstrate and characterize the direct detection of endogenously released NPY in cultured cortical neurons. A dose-dependent fluorescent signal was observed upon exogenous NPY application in nearly all recorded neurons. Pharmacologically evoked neuronal activity induced a significant increase in fluorescent signal in 32% of neurons, reflecting the release of NPY, despite only 3% of all neurons containing NPY. The remaining pool of neurons expressing the sensor were either non-responsive or displayed a notable decline in the fluorescent signal. Such decline in fluorescent signal was not rescued in cortical cultures transduced with an NPY overexpression vector, where 88% of the neurons were NPY-positive. Overexpression of NPY did, however, result in sensor signals that were more readily distinguishable. This may suggest that biological factors, such as subtle changes in intracellular pH, could interfere with the fluorescent signal, and thereby underestimate the release of endogenous NPY when using this new sensor in its present configuration. However, the development of next-generation NPY GRAB sensor technology is expected soon, and will eventually enable much-wanted studies on endogenous NPY release dynamics in both cultured and intact biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kragelund Christensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ainoa Konomi-Pilkati
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joscha Rombach
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Raquel Comaposada-Baro
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Andreas Toft Sørensen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Soden ME, Yee JX, Zweifel LS. Circuit coordination of opposing neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signals. Nature 2023; 619:332-337. [PMID: 37380765 PMCID: PMC10947507 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Fast-acting neurotransmitters and slow, modulatory neuropeptides are co-released from neurons in the central nervous system, albeit from distinct synaptic vesicles1. The mechanisms of how co-released neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that have opposing actions-for example, stimulatory versus inhibitory-work together to exert control of neural circuit output remain unclear. This has been difficult to resolve owing to the inability to selectively isolate these signalling pathways in a cell- and circuit-specific manner. Here we developed a genetic-based anatomical disconnect procedure that utilizes distinct DNA recombinases to independently facilitate CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis2 of neurotransmitter- and neuropeptide-related genes in distinct cell types in two different brain regions simultaneously. We demonstrate that neurons within the lateral hypothalamus that produce the stimulatory neuropeptide neurotensin and the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) utilize these signals to coordinately activate dopamine-producing neurons of the ventral tegmental area. We show that GABA release from lateral hypothalamus neurotensin neurons inhibits GABA neurons within the ventral tegmental area, disinhibiting dopamine neurons and causing a rapid rise in calcium, whereas neurotensin directly generates a slow inactivating calcium signal in dopamine neurons that is dependent on the expression of neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1). We further show that these two signals work together to regulate dopamine neuron responses to maximize behavioural responding. Thus, a neurotransmitter and a neuropeptide with opposing signals can act on distinct timescales through different cell types to enhance circuit output and optimize behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Soden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Joshua X Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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29
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Lim KY, Hong W. Neural mechanisms of comforting: Prosocial touch and stress buffering. Horm Behav 2023; 153:105391. [PMID: 37301130 PMCID: PMC10853048 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Comforting is a crucial form of prosocial behavior that is important for maintaining social unity and improving the physical and emotional well-being of social species. It is often expressed through affiliative social touch toward someone in distress, providing relief for their distressed state. In the face of increasing global distress, these actions are paramount to the continued improvement of individual welfare and the collective good. Understanding the neural mechanisms responsible for promoting actions focused on benefitting others is particularly important and timely. Here, we review prosocial comforting behavior, emphasizing synthesizing recent studies carried out using rodent models. We discuss its underlying behavioral expression and motivations, and then explore both the neurobiology of prosocial comforting in a helper animal and the neurobiology of stress relief following social touch in a recipient as part of a feedback loop interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Y Lim
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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30
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Wang HY, Yu K, Liu WJ, Jiang HM, Guo SQ, Xu JP, Li YD, Chen P, Ding XY, Fu P, Zhang YCF, Mei YS, Zhang G, Zhou HB, Jing J. Molecular Characterization of Two Wamide Neuropeptide Signaling Systems in Mollusk Aplysia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37339428 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides with the C-terminal Wamide (Trp-NH2) are one of the last common ancestors of peptide families of eumetazoans and play various physiological roles. In this study, we sought to characterize the ancient Wamide peptides signaling systems in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, i.e., APGWamide (APGWa) and myoinhibitory peptide (MIP)/Allatostatin B (AST-B) signaling systems. A common feature of protostome APGWa and MIP/AST-B peptides is the presence of a conserved Wamide motif in the C-terminus. Although orthologs of the APGWa and MIP signaling systems have been studied to various extents in annelids or other protostomes, no complete signaling systems have yet been characterized in mollusks. Here, through bioinformatics, molecular and cellular biology, we identified three receptors for APGWa, namely, APGWa-R1, APGWa-R2, and APGWa-R3. The EC50 values for APGWa-R1, APGWa-R2, and APGWa-R3 are 45, 2100, and 2600 nM, respectively. For the MIP signaling system, we predicted 13 forms of peptides, i.e., MIP1-13 that could be generated from the precursor identified in our study, with MIP5 (WKQMAVWa) having the largest number of copies (4 copies). Then, a complete MIP receptor (MIPR) was identified and the MIP1-13 peptides activated the MIPR in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 values ranging from 40 to 3000 nM. Peptide analogs with alanine substitution experiments demonstrated that the Wamide motif at the C-terminus is necessary for receptor activity in both the APGWa and MIP systems. Moreover, cross-activity between the two signaling systems showed that MIP1, 4, 7, and 8 ligands could activate APGWa-R1 with a low potency (EC50 values: 2800-22,000 nM), which further supported that the APGWa and MIP signaling systems are somewhat related. In summary, our successful characterization of Aplysia APGWa and MIP signaling systems represents the first example in mollusks and provides an important basis for further functional studies in this and other protostome species. Moreover, this study may be useful for elucidating and clarifying the evolutionary relationship between the two Wamide signaling systems (i.e., APGWa and MIP systems) and their other extended neuropeptide signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui-Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ju-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xue-Ying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan-Chu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shuo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhou
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Brain Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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31
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Chen N, Zhang Y, Rivera-Rodriguez EJ, Yu AD, Hobin M, Rosbash M, Griffith LC. Widespread posttranscriptional regulation of cotransmission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9836. [PMID: 37267358 PMCID: PMC10413644 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While neurotransmitter identity was once considered singular and immutable for mature neurons, it is now appreciated that one neuron can release multiple neuroactive substances (cotransmission) whose identities can even change over time. To explore the mechanisms that tune the suite of transmitters a neuron releases, we developed transcriptional and translational reporters for cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling in Drosophila. We show that many glutamatergic and GABAergic cells also transcribe cholinergic genes, but fail to accumulate cholinergic effector proteins. Suppression of cholinergic signaling involves posttranscriptional regulation of cholinergic transcripts by the microRNA miR-190; chronic loss of miR-190 function allows expression of cholinergic machinery, reducing and fragmenting sleep. Using a "translation-trap" strategy, we show that neurons in these populations have episodes of transient translation of cholinergic proteins, demonstrating that suppression of cotransmission is actively modulated. Posttranscriptional restriction of fast transmitter cotransmission provides a mechanism allowing reversible tuning of neuronal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Emmanuel J. Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Albert D. Yu
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Michael Hobin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Leslie C. Griffith
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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32
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Shiu PK, Sterne GR, Spiller N, Franconville R, Sandoval A, Zhou J, Simha N, Kang CH, Yu S, Kim JS, Dorkenwald S, Matsliah A, Schlegel P, Szi-chieh Y, McKellar CE, Sterling A, Costa M, Eichler K, Jefferis GS, Murthy M, Bates AS, Eckstein N, Funke J, Bidaye SS, Hampel S, Seeds AM, Scott K. A leaky integrate-and-fire computational model based on the connectome of the entire adult Drosophila brain reveals insights into sensorimotor processing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539144. [PMID: 37205514 PMCID: PMC10187186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The forthcoming assembly of the adult Drosophila melanogaster central brain connectome, containing over 125,000 neurons and 50 million synaptic connections, provides a template for examining sensory processing throughout the brain. Here, we create a leaky integrate-and-fire computational model of the entire Drosophila brain, based on neural connectivity and neurotransmitter identity, to study circuit properties of feeding and grooming behaviors. We show that activation of sugar-sensing or water-sensing gustatory neurons in the computational model accurately predicts neurons that respond to tastes and are required for feeding initiation. Computational activation of neurons in the feeding region of the Drosophila brain predicts those that elicit motor neuron firing, a testable hypothesis that we validate by optogenetic activation and behavioral studies. Moreover, computational activation of different classes of gustatory neurons makes accurate predictions of how multiple taste modalities interact, providing circuit-level insight into aversive and appetitive taste processing. Our computational model predicts that the sugar and water pathways form a partially shared appetitive feeding initiation pathway, which our calcium imaging and behavioral experiments confirm. Additionally, we applied this model to mechanosensory circuits and found that computational activation of mechanosensory neurons predicts activation of a small set of neurons comprising the antennal grooming circuit that do not overlap with gustatory circuits, and accurately describes the circuit response upon activation of different mechanosensory subtypes. Our results demonstrate that modeling brain circuits purely from connectivity and predicted neurotransmitter identity generates experimentally testable hypotheses and can accurately describe complete sensorimotor transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K. Shiu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella R. Sterne
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Genetics
| | - Nico Spiller
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sandoval
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joie Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Neha Simha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chan Hyuk Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seongbong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jinseop S. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sven Dorkenwald
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Computer Science Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Arie Matsliah
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
| | - Yu Szi-chieh
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Claire E. McKellar
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Amy Sterling
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marta Costa
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
| | | | - Gregory S.X.E. Jefferis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
| | - Mala Murthy
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Shakeel Bates
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, The University of Oxford
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jan Funke
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, USA
| | - Salil S. Bidaye
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie Hampel
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Andrew M. Seeds
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kristin Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Hawkins RD, Brodin L, Theodorsson E, Végvári Á, Kandel ER, Hokfelt T. Distribution, cellular localization, and colocalization of several peptide neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of Aplysia. Learn Mem 2023; 30:116-123. [PMID: 37442624 PMCID: PMC10353257 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053758.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are widely used as neurotransmitters in vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, a detailed understanding of their functions as transmitters has been hampered by the complexity of the nervous system. The marine mollusk Aplysia, with a simpler nervous system and many large, identified neurons, presents several advantages for addressing this question and has been used to examine the roles of tens of peptides in behavior. To screen for other peptides that might also play roles in behavior, we observed immunoreactivity in individual neurons in the central nervous system of adult Aplysia with antisera raised against the Aplysia peptide FMRFamide and two mammalian peptides that are also found in Aplysia, cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), as well as serotonin (5HT). In addition, we observed staining of individual neurons with antisera raised against mammalian somatostatin (SOM) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI). However, genomic analysis has shown that these two peptides are not expressed in the Aplysia nervous system, and we have therefore labeled the unknown peptides stained by these two antibodies as XSOM and XPHI There was an area at the anterior end of the cerebral ganglion that had staining by antisera raised against many different transmitters, suggesting that this may be a modulatory region of the nervous system. There was also staining for XSOM and, in some cases, FMRFamide in the bag cell cluster of the abdominal ganglion. In addition, these and other studies have revealed a fairly high degree of colocalization of different neuropeptides in individual neurons, suggesting that the peptides do not just act independently but can also interact in different combinations to produce complex functions. The simple nervous system of Aplysia is advantageous for further testing these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hawkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Lennart Brodin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17177, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping S-58185, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17177, Sweden
| | - Eric R Kandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Tomas Hokfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-17177, Sweden
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Ananth MR, Rajebhosale P, Kim R, Talmage DA, Role LW. Basal forebrain cholinergic signalling: development, connectivity and roles in cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:233-251. [PMID: 36823458 PMCID: PMC10439770 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the axons of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervate the pallium with far more topographical and functional organization than was historically appreciated. Together with the results of studies using new probes that allow release of acetylcholine to be detected with high spatial and temporal resolution, these findings have implicated cholinergic networks in 'binding' diverse behaviours that contribute to cognition. Here, we review recent findings on the developmental origins, connectivity and function of cholinergic neurons, and explore the participation of cholinergic signalling in the encoding of cognition-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala R Ananth
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Rajebhosale
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Talmage
- Section on Genetics of Neuronal Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorna W Role
- Section on Circuits, Synapses, and Molecular Signalling, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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35
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ahmed IA, Liu JJ, Gieniec KA, Bair-Marshall CJ, Adewakun AB, Hetzler BE, Arp CJ, Khatri L, Vanwalleghem GC, Seidenberg AT, Cowin P, Trauner D, Chao MV, Davis FM, Tsien RW, Froemke RC. Optopharmacological tools for precise spatiotemporal control of oxytocin signaling in the central nervous system and periphery. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2715993. [PMID: 37034806 PMCID: PMC10081362 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2715993/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide critical for maternal physiology and social behavior, and is thought to be dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the biological and neurocognitive importance of oxytocin signaling, methods are lacking to activate oxytocin receptors with high spatiotemporal precision in the brain and peripheral mammalian tissues. Here we developed and validated caged analogs of oxytocin which are functionally inert until cage release is triggered by ultraviolet light. We examined how focal versus global oxytocin application affected oxytocin-driven Ca2+ wave propagation in mouse mammary tissue. We also validated the application of caged oxytocin in the hippocampus and auditory cortex with electrophysiological recordings in vitro, and demonstrated that oxytocin uncaging can accelerate the onset of mouse maternal behavior in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate that optopharmacological control of caged peptides is a robust tool with spatiotemporal precision for modulating neuropeptide signaling throughout the brain and body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail A. Ahmed
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Krystyna A. Gieniec
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chloe J. Bair-Marshall
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ayomiposi B. Adewakun
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Belinda E. Hetzler
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Christopher J. Arp
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Latika Khatri
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gilles C. Vanwalleghem
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alec T. Seidenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Pamela Cowin
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Moses V. Chao
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Felicity M. Davis
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Richard W. Tsien
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Robert C. Froemke
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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Xu JP, Ding XY, Guo SQ, Wang HY, Liu WJ, Jiang HM, Li YD, Fu P, Chen P, Mei YS, Zhang G, Zhou HB, Jing J. Characterization of an Aplysia vasotocin signaling system and actions of posttranslational modifications and individual residues of the ligand on receptor activity. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1132066. [PMID: 37021048 PMCID: PMC10067623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1132066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasopressin/oxytocin signaling system is present in both protostomes and deuterostomes and plays various physiological roles. Although there were reports for both vasopressin-like peptides and receptors in mollusc Lymnaea and Octopus, no precursor or receptors have been described in mollusc Aplysia. Here, through bioinformatics, molecular and cellular biology, we identified both the precursor and two receptors for Aplysia vasopressin-like peptide, which we named Aplysia vasotocin (apVT). The precursor provides evidence for the exact sequence of apVT, which is identical to conopressin G from cone snail venom, and contains 9 amino acids, with two cysteines at position 1 and 6, similar to nearly all vasopressin-like peptides. Through inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that two of the three putative receptors we cloned from Aplysia cDNA are true receptors for apVT. We named the two receptors as apVTR1 and apVTR2. We then determined the roles of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of apVT, i.e., the disulfide bond between two cysteines and the C-terminal amidation on receptor activity. Both the disulfide bond and amidation were critical for the activation of the two receptors. Cross-activity with conopressin S, annetocin from an annelid, and vertebrate oxytocin showed that although all three ligands can activate both receptors, the potency of these peptides differed depending on their residue variations from apVT. We, therefore, tested the roles of each residue through alanine substitution and found that each substitution could reduce the potency of the peptide analog, and substitution of the residues within the disulfide bond tended to have a larger impact on receptor activity than the substitution of those outside the bond. Moreover, the two receptors had different sensitivities to the PTMs and single residue substitutions. Thus, we have characterized the Aplysia vasotocin signaling system and showed how the PTMs and individual residues in the ligand contributed to receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Ying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Shuo Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhou
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Blitz DM. Neural circuit regulation by identified modulatory projection neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154769. [PMID: 37008233 PMCID: PMC10063799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic behaviors (e.g., walking, breathing, and chewing) are produced by central pattern generator (CPG) circuits. These circuits are highly dynamic due to a multitude of input they receive from hormones, sensory neurons, and modulatory projection neurons. Such inputs not only turn CPG circuits on and off, but they adjust their synaptic and cellular properties to select behaviorally relevant outputs that last from seconds to hours. Similar to the contributions of fully identified connectomes to establishing general principles of circuit function and flexibility, identified modulatory neurons have enabled key insights into neural circuit modulation. For instance, while bath-applying neuromodulators continues to be an important approach to studying neural circuit modulation, this approach does not always mimic the neural circuit response to neuronal release of the same modulator. There is additional complexity in the actions of neuronally-released modulators due to: (1) the prevalence of co-transmitters, (2) local- and long-distance feedback regulating the timing of (co-)release, and (3) differential regulation of co-transmitter release. Identifying the physiological stimuli (e.g., identified sensory neurons) that activate modulatory projection neurons has demonstrated multiple “modulatory codes” for selecting particular circuit outputs. In some cases, population coding occurs, and in others circuit output is determined by the firing pattern and rate of the modulatory projection neurons. The ability to perform electrophysiological recordings and manipulations of small populations of identified neurons at multiple levels of rhythmic motor systems remains an important approach for determining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the rapid adaptability of rhythmic neural circuits.
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Hanč P, Messou MA, Wang Y, von Andrian UH. Control of myeloid cell functions by nociceptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127571. [PMID: 37006298 PMCID: PMC10064072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from infectious agents, parasites, and tumor growth, and to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. Similarly, the primary function of the somatosensory branch of the peripheral nervous system is to collect and interpret sensory information about the environment, allowing the organism to react to or avoid situations that could otherwise have deleterious effects. Consequently, a teleological argument can be made that it is of advantage for the two systems to cooperate and form an “integrated defense system” that benefits from the unique strengths of both subsystems. Indeed, nociceptors, sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit the sensation of pain or itch, exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities. Depending on the context and the cellular identity of their communication partners, nociceptors can play both pro- or anti-inflammatory roles, promote tissue repair or aggravate inflammatory damage, improve resistance to pathogens or impair their clearance. In light of such variability, it is not surprising that the full extent of interactions between nociceptors and the immune system remains to be established. Nonetheless, the field of peripheral neuroimmunology is advancing at a rapid pace, and general rules that appear to govern the outcomes of such neuroimmune interactions are beginning to emerge. Thus, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interaction between nociceptors and, specifically, the myeloid cells of the innate immune system, while pointing out some of the outstanding questions and unresolved controversies in the field. We focus on such interactions within the densely innervated barrier tissues, which can serve as points of entry for infectious agents and, where known, highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hanč
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
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40
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Chen N, Zhang Y, Rivera-Rodriguez EJ, Yu AD, Hobin M, Rosbash M, Griffith LC. Widespread post-transcriptional regulation of co-transmission. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530653. [PMID: 36909471 PMCID: PMC10002718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
While neurotransmitter identity was once considered singular and immutable for mature neurons, it is now appreciated that one neuron can release multiple neuroactive substances (co-transmission) whose identities can even change over time. To explore the mechanisms that tune the suite of transmitters a neuron releases, we developed transcriptional and translational reporters for cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling in Drosophila . We show that many glutamatergic and GABAergic cells also transcribe cholinergic genes, but fail to accumulate cholinergic effector proteins. Suppression of cholinergic signaling involves posttranscriptional regulation of cholinergic transcripts by the microRNA miR-190; chronic loss of miR-190 function allows expression of cholinergic machinery, reducing and fragmenting sleep. Using a "translation-trap" strategy we show that neurons in these populations have episodes of transient translation of cholinergic proteins, demonstrating that suppression of co-transmission is actively modulated. Posttranscriptional restriction of fast transmitter co-transmission provides a mechanism allowing reversible tuning of neuronal output. One-Sentence Summary Cholinergic co-transmission in large populations of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the Drosophila adult brain is controlled by miR-190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Emmanuel J. Rivera-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Albert D. Yu
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Michael Hobin
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Michael Rosbash
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
| | - Leslie C. Griffith
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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41
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Phetsanthad A, Vu NQ, Yu Q, Buchberger AR, Chen Z, Keller C, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:706-750. [PMID: 34558119 PMCID: PMC9067165 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism. With recent technological advances, mass spectrometry (MS) has provided methodology to gain global knowledge of a neuropeptidome on a spatial, temporal, and quantitative level. This review will cover key considerations for the analysis of neuropeptides by MS, including sample preparation strategies, instrumental advances for identification, structural characterization, and imaging; insightful functional studies; and newly developed absolute and relative quantitation strategies. While many discoveries have been made with MS, the methodology is still in its infancy. Many of the current challenges and areas that need development will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nhu Q. Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amanda R. Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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42
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Gonzalez J, Follmann R, Rosa E, Stein W. Computational and experimental modulation of a noisy chaotic neuronal system. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:033109. [PMID: 37003818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the interplay between chaos and noise in neuronal state transitions involving period doubling cascades. Our approach involves the implementation of a neuronal mathematical model under the action of neuromodulatory input, with and without noise, as well as equivalent experimental work on a biological neuron in the stomatogastric ganglion of the crab Cancer borealis. Our simulations show typical transitions between tonic and bursting regimes that are mediated by chaos and period doubling cascades. While this transition is less evident when intrinsic noise is present in the model, the noisy computational output displays features akin to our experimental results. The differences and similarities observed in the computational and experimental approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselyn Gonzalez
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
| | - Rosangela Follmann
- School of Information Technology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
| | - Epaminondas Rosa
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
| | - Wolfgang Stein
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA
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43
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Xiong H, Wilson BA, Slesinger PA, Qin Z. Understanding Neuropeptide Transmission in the Brain by Optical Uncaging and Release. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:516-523. [PMID: 36719384 PMCID: PMC10302814 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are abundant and essential signaling molecules in the nervous system involved in modulating neural circuits and behavior. Neuropeptides are generally released extrasynaptically and signal via volume transmission through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Although substantive functional roles of neuropeptides have been discovered, many questions on neuropeptide transmission remain poorly understood, including the local diffusion and transmission properties in the brain extracellular space. To address this challenge, intensive efforts are required to develop advanced tools for releasing and detecting neuropeptides with high spatiotemporal resolution. Because of the rapid development of biosensors and materials science, emerging tools are beginning to provide a better understanding of neuropeptide transmission. In this perspective, we summarize the fundamental advances in understanding neuropeptide transmission over the past decade, highlight the tools for releasing neuropeptides with high spatiotemporal solution in the brain, and discuss open questions and future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Blake A. Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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44
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Liessem S, Held M, Bisen RS, Haberkern H, Lacin H, Bockemühl T, Ache JM. Behavioral state-dependent modulation of insulin-producing cells in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2023; 33:449-463.e5. [PMID: 36580915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a pivotal role in metabolic control and aging, and insulin accordingly is a key factor in several human diseases. Despite this importance, the in vivo activity dynamics of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the effects of locomotion on the activity of IPCs in Drosophila. Using in vivo electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we found that IPCs were strongly inhibited during walking and flight and that their activity rebounded and overshot after cessation of locomotion. Moreover, IPC activity changed rapidly during behavioral transitions, revealing that IPCs are modulated on fast timescales in behaving animals. Optogenetic activation of locomotor networks ex vivo, in the absence of actual locomotion or changes in hemolymph sugar levels, was sufficient to inhibit IPCs. This demonstrates that the behavioral state-dependent inhibition of IPCs is actively controlled by neuronal pathways and is independent of changes in glucose concentration. By contrast, the overshoot in IPC activity after locomotion was absent ex vivo and after starvation, indicating that it was not purely driven by feedforward signals but additionally required feedback derived from changes in hemolymph sugar concentration. We hypothesize that IPC inhibition during locomotion supports mobilization of fuel stores during metabolically demanding behaviors, while the rebound in IPC activity after locomotion contributes to replenishing muscle glycogen stores. In addition, the rapid dynamics of IPC modulation support a potential role of insulin in the state-dependent modulation of sensorimotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Liessem
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Held
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rituja S Bisen
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Haberkern
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Haluk Lacin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Till Bockemühl
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan M Ache
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Bray SR, Wyss LS, Chai C, Lozada ME, Wang B. Adaptive robustness through incoherent signaling mechanisms in a regenerative brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.523817. [PMID: 36711454 PMCID: PMC9882340 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.523817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior emerges from collective dynamics of interconnected neurons, making it vulnerable to connectome damage. Paradoxically, many organisms maintain significant behavioral output after large-scale neural injury. Molecular underpinnings of this extreme robustness remain largely unknown. Here, we develop a quantitative behavioral analysis pipeline to measure previously uncharacterized long-lasting latent memory states in planarian flatworms during whole-brain regeneration. By combining >20,000 animal trials with neural population dynamic modeling, we show that long-range volumetric peptidergic signals allow the planarian to rapidly reestablish latent states and restore coarse behavior after large structural perturbations to the nervous system, while small-molecule neuromodulators gradually refine the precision. The different time and length scales of neuropeptide and small-molecule transmission generate incoherent patterns of neural activity which competitively regulate behavior and memory. Controlling behavior through opposing communication mechanisms creates a more robust system than either alone and may serve as a generic approach to construct robust neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Bray
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Livia S. Wyss
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chew Chai
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria E. Lozada
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Dumontier D, Mailhes-Hamon C, Supplisson S, Dieudonné S. Neurotransmitter content heterogeneity within an interneuron class shapes inhibitory transmission at a central synapse. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1060189. [PMID: 36687523 PMCID: PMC9846633 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter content is deemed the most basic defining criterion for neuronal classes, contrasting with the intercellular heterogeneity of many other molecular and functional features. Here we show, in the adult mouse brain, that neurotransmitter content variegation within a neuronal class is a component of its functional heterogeneity. Golgi cells (GoCs), the well-defined class of cerebellar interneurons inhibiting granule cells (GrCs), contain cytosolic glycine, accumulated by the neuronal transporter GlyT2, and GABA in various proportions. By performing acute manipulations of cytosolic GABA and glycine supply, we find that competition of glycine with GABA reduces the charge of IPSC evoked in GrCs and, more specifically, the amplitude of a slow component of the IPSC decay. We then pair GrCs recordings with optogenetic stimulations of single GoCs, which preserve the intracellular transmitter mixed content. We show that the strength and decay kinetics of GrCs IPSCs, which are entirely mediated by GABAA receptors, are negatively correlated to the presynaptic expression of GlyT2 by GoCs. We isolate a slow spillover component of GrCs inhibition that is also affected by the expression of GlyT2, leading to a 56% decrease in relative charge. Our results support the hypothesis that presynaptic loading of glycine negatively impacts the GABAergic transmission in mixed interneurons, most likely through a competition for vesicular filling. We discuss how the heterogeneity of neurotransmitter supply within mixed interneurons like the GoC class may provide a presynaptic mechanism to tune the gain of microcircuits such as the granular layer, thereby expanding the realm of their possible dynamic behaviors.
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47
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals diversity within mammalian spinal motor neurons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:46. [PMID: 36596814 PMCID: PMC9810664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal motor neurons (MNs) integrate sensory stimuli and brain commands to generate movements. In vertebrates, the molecular identities of the cardinal MN types such as those innervating limb versus trunk muscles are well elucidated. Yet the identities of finer subtypes within these cell populations that innervate individual muscle groups remain enigmatic. Here we investigate heterogeneity in mouse MNs using single-cell transcriptomics. Among limb-innervating MNs, we reveal a diverse neuropeptide code for delineating putative motor pool identities. Additionally, we uncover that axial MNs are subdivided into three molecularly distinct subtypes, defined by mediolaterally-biased Satb2, Nr2f2 or Bcl11b expression patterns with different axon guidance signatures. These three subtypes are present in chicken and human embryos, suggesting a conserved axial MN expression pattern across higher vertebrates. Overall, our study provides a molecular resource of spinal MN types and paves the way towards deciphering how neuronal subtypes evolved to accommodate vertebrate motor behaviors.
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48
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Mantsch JR. Corticotropin releasing factor and drug seeking in substance use disorders: Preclinical evidence and translational limitations. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100038. [PMID: 36531188 PMCID: PMC9757758 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), has been an enigmatic target for the development of medications aimed at treating stress-related disorders. Despite a large body of evidence from preclinical studies in rodents demonstrating that CRF receptor antagonists prevent stressor-induced drug seeking, medications targeting the CRF-R1 have failed in clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the abundant findings from preclinical rodent studies suggesting that CRF signaling is involved in stressor-induced relapse. The scientific literature that has defined the receptors, mechanisms and neurocircuits through which CRF contributes to stressor-induced reinstatement of drug seeking following self-administration and conditioned place preference in rodents is reviewed. Evidence that CRF signaling is recruited with repeated drug use in a manner that heightens susceptibility to stressor-induced drug seeking in rodents is presented. Factors that may determine the influence of CRF signaling in substance use disorders, including developmental windows, biological sex, and genetics are examined. Finally, we discuss the translational failure of medications targeting CRF signaling as interventions for substance use disorders and other stress-related conditions. We conclude that new perspectives and research directions are needed to unravel the mysterious role of CRF in substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Mantsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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49
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Rue MCP, Baas‐Thomas N, Iyengar PS, Scaria LK, Marder E. Localization of chemical synapses and modulatory release sites in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Cancer borealis. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2954-2965. [PMID: 35882035 PMCID: PMC9560961 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean cardiac ganglion (CG) comprises nine neurons that provide rhythmic drive to the heart. The CG is the direct target of multiple modulators. Synapsin-like immunoreactivity was found clustered around the somata of the large cells (LC) and in a neuropil at the anterior branch of the CG trunk of Cancer borealis. This implicates the soma as a key site of synaptic integration, an unusual configuration in invertebrates. Proctolin is an excitatory neuromodulator of the CG, and proctolin-like immunoreactivity exhibited partial overlap with putative chemical synapses near the LCs and at the neuropil. A proctolin-like projection was also found in a pair of excitatory nerves entering the CG. GABA-like immunoreactivity was nearly completely colocalized with chemical synapses near the LCs but absent at the anterior branch neuropil. GABA-like projections were found in a pair of inhibitory nerves entering the CG. C. borealis Allatostatin B1 (CbASTB), red pigment concentrating hormone, and FLRFamide-like immunoreactivity each had a unique pattern of staining and co-localization with putative chemical synapses. These results provide morphological evidence that synaptic input is integrated at LC somata in the CG. Our findings provide a topographical organization for some of the multiple inhibitory and excitatory modulators that alter the rhythmic output of this semi-autonomous motor circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C. P. Rue
- Biology Department and Volen CenterBrandeis UniversityWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Natasha Baas‐Thomas
- Biology Department and Volen CenterBrandeis UniversityWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Priya S. Iyengar
- Biology Department and Volen CenterBrandeis UniversityWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lara K. Scaria
- Biology Department and Volen CenterBrandeis UniversityWalthamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eve Marder
- Biology Department and Volen CenterBrandeis UniversityWalthamMassachusettsUSA
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50
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Prostaglandin E2 receptor Ptger4b regulates female-specific peptidergic neurons and female sexual receptivity in medaka. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1215. [PMID: 36357668 PMCID: PMC9649691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, female receptivity to male courtship is highly dependent on ovarian secretion of estrogens and prostaglandins. We recently identified female-specific neurons in the medaka (Oryzias latipes) preoptic area that express Npba, a neuropeptide mediating female sexual receptivity, in response to ovarian estrogens. Here we show by transcriptomic analysis that these neurons express a multitude of neuropeptides, in addition to Npba, in an ovarian-dependent manner, and we thus termed them female-specific, sex steroid-responsive peptidergic (FeSP) neurons. Our results further revealed that FeSP neurons express a prostaglandin E2 receptor gene, ptger4b, in an ovarian estrogen-dependent manner. Behavioral and physiological examination of ptger4b-deficient female medaka found that they exhibit increased sexual receptivity while retaining normal ovarian function and that their FeSP neurons have reduced firing activity and impaired neuropeptide release. Collectively, this work provides evidence that prostaglandin E2/Ptger4b signaling mediates the estrogenic regulation of FeSP neuron activity and female sexual receptivity. Prostaglandin E2 signaling mediates the estrogenic regulation of peptidergic neuronal activity and female receptivity via the ptger4b gene pathway in Japanese rice fish.
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