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Lee SY, Jao NC, Gaffey AE, Reid BM, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Stroud LR. Female adolescents' early life stress and body mass index: Differential effects of anger and anxiety in response to rejection. J Adolesc 2024; 96:830-840. [PMID: 38402417 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life stress is linked to childhood obesity. As children enter adolescence, early life stress may be associated with increased rejection sensitivity, resulting in activation of behavioral and physiological changes that contribute to higher body mass index (BMI). Understanding the potential influence of rejection sensitivity on the association between early life stress and BMI is important to examine in female adolescents. For this secondary data analysis, we hypothesized that female adolescents with greater early life stress and greater rejection sensitivity would exhibit higher BMI-for-age 12 months later. METHODS Seventy-eight adolescents (Mage = 13.1 years; 100% female sex; MBMI = 23.2 kg/m2) in the United States completed study procedures from 2012 to 2016. Among these procedures, the Psychosocial Schedule was used to assess cumulative early life stress and the Children's Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire was used to assess anger and anxiety in response to rejection. Twelve months later, height and weight were measured to derive BMI-for-age. RESULTS Higher early life stress was associated with higher BMI-for-age among female adolescents with low rejection-provoked anger (1 SD below the mean). However, this association was not observed among female adolescents with high rejection-provoked anger (1 SD above the mean). Finally, there was no significant interaction between early life stress and rejection-provoked anxiety in predicting BMI-for-age. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing early life stress may interact with rejection-provoked anger, but not anxiety, to predict BMI-for-age. Findings inform a developmental perspective of how rejection sensitivity may influence the association between early life stress and early cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nancy C Jao
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Allison E Gaffey
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brie M Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Guiney H, Caspi A, Ambler A, Belsky J, Kokaua J, Broadbent J, Cheyne K, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Hogan S, Ramrakha S, Righarts A, Thomson WM, Moffitt TE, Poulton R. Childhood sexual abuse and pervasive problems across multiple life domains: Findings from a five-decade study. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:219-235. [PMID: 36562290 PMCID: PMC10287838 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use longitudinal population-based data to examine the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and risk for adverse outcomes in multiple life domains across adulthood. In 937 individuals followed from birth to age 45y, we assessed associations between CSA (retrospectively reported at age 26y) and the experience of 22 adverse outcomes in seven domains (physical, mental, sexual, interpersonal, economic, antisocial, multi-domain) from young adulthood to midlife (26 to 45y). Analyses controlled for sex, socioeconomic status, prospectively reported child harm and household dysfunction adverse childhood experiences, and adult sexual assault, and considered different definitions of CSA. After adjusting for confounders, CSA survivors were more likely than their peers to experience internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorders, suicide attempts, health risk behaviors, systemic inflammation, poor oral health, sexually transmitted diseases, high-conflict relationships, benefit use, financial difficulties, antisocial behavior, and cumulative problems across multiple domains in adulthood. In sum, CSA was associated with multiple persistent problems across adulthood, even after adjusting for confounding life stressors, and the risk for particular problems incremented with CSA severity. The higher risk for most specific problems was small to moderate, but the cumulative long-term effects across multiple domains reflect considerable individual and societal burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Guiney
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Antony Ambler
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jay Belsky
- Robert M. and Natalie Reid Dorn Professor, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Pacific Health, Va’a O Tautai, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kirsten Cheyne
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nigel Dickson
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Robert J. Hancox
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sean Hogan
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antoinette Righarts
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kisely S, Siskind D, Scott JG, Najman JM. Self-reported child maltreatment and cardiometabolic risk in 30-year-old adults. Intern Med J 2023; 53:1121-1130. [PMID: 35607779 PMCID: PMC10947207 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with both dietary fat intake and obesity in later life. There is less information on associations with metabolic risk factors and specific types of CM such as physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect. AIMS To assess the association between five types of self-reported CM and a range of obesity and metabolic indicators in a subsample of a birth cohort. METHODS This was a study of 1689 adults born in a major metropolitan maternity hospital in Australia and followed up 30 years later. Body mass index, bioimpedance and fasting lipid levels/insulin resistance were measured. Details on self-reported CM were collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. We adjusted for birth weight, parental income and relationship at participants' birth, as well as maternal age and alcohol or tobacco use. We also adjusted for participants' smoking, depression, educational level, marital and employment status at follow up. RESULTS One-fifth reported maltreatment (n = 362), most commonly emotional neglect (n = 175), followed by emotional abuse (n = 128), physical neglect (n = 123), sexual (n = 121) and physical abuse (n = 116). On adjusted analyses, there were significant associations for CM, particularly neglect or emotional abuse, and one or more of the following outcomes: obesity, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and HDL levels. Results for other outcomes were more equivocal. CONCLUSIONS Of child maltreatment types, emotional abuse and neglect show the strongest associations with obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors, therefore highlighting the public health importance of early intervention to reduce childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Kisely
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and EpidemiologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - James G. Scott
- Mental Health ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Metro North Mental Health ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of Public HealthThe University of Queensland, Public Health BuildingBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jake M. Najman
- School of Public HealthThe University of Queensland, Public Health BuildingBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Ziobrowski HN, Buka SL, Austin SB, Duncan AE, Sullivan AJ, Horton NJ, Field AE. Child and Adolescent Abuse Patterns and Incident Obesity Risk in Young Adulthood. Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:809-817. [PMID: 35941047 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Child abuse is associated with adult obesity. Yet, it is unknown how the developmental timing and combination of abuse types affect this risk. This report examined how distinct child and adolescent abuse patterns were associated with incident obesity in young adulthood. METHODS Data came from 7,273 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the U.S. with 14 waves from 1996 to 2016 (data were analyzed during 2020-2021). An abuse group variable was empirically derived using latent class analysis with indicators for child (before age 11 years) and adolescent (ages 11-17 years) physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Risk ratios for obesity developing during ages 18-30 years were estimated using modified Poisson models. Associations of abuse groups with BMI across ages 18-30 years were then examined using mixed-effects models. All models were stratified by sex. RESULTS Among women, groups characterized by abuse had higher BMIs entering young adulthood and greater changes in BMI per year across young adulthood. Groups characterized by multiple abuse types and abuse sustained across childhood and adolescence had approximately twice the risk of obesity as that of women in a no/low abuse group. Associations were substantially weaker among men, and only a group characterized by physical and emotional abuse in childhood and adolescence had an elevated obesity risk (risk ratio=1.38; 95% CI=1.04, 1.83). CONCLUSIONS Obesity risk in young adulthood varied by distinct abuse groups for women and less strongly for men. Women who experience complex abuse patterns have the greatest risk of developing obesity in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N Ziobrowski
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Nicholas J Horton
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Alison E Field
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Muniz Carvalho C, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Maihofer AX, Stein DJ, Sumner JA, Hemmings SM, Nievergelt CM, Koenen KC, Gelernter J, Belangero SI, Polimanti R. Disentangling sex differences in the shared genetic architecture of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic experiences, and social support with body size and composition. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100400. [PMID: 34611531 PMCID: PMC8477211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a well-known association of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with body size and composition, including consistent differences between sexes. However, the biology underlying these associations is unclear. To understand the genetic underpinnings of this complex relationship, we investigated genome-wide datasets informative of African and European ancestries from the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium, the UK Biobank, the GIANT Consortium, and the Million Veteran Program. We used genome-wide association statistics to estimate sex-specific genetic correlations (r g ) of traumatic experiences, social support, and PTSD with multiple anthropometric traits. After multiple testing corrections (false discovery rate, FDR q < 0.05), we observed 58 significant r g relationships in females (e.g., childhood physical abuse and body mass index, BMI r g = 0.245, p = 3.88 × 10-10) and 21 significant r g relationships in males (e.g., been involved in combat or exposed to warzone and leg fat percentage; r g = 0.405, p = 4.42 × 10-10). We performed causal inference analyses of these genetic overlaps using Mendelian randomization and latent causal variable approaches. Multiple female-specific putative causal relationships were observed linking body composition/size with PTSD (e.g., leg fat percentage→PTSD; beta = 0.319, p = 3.13 × 10-9), traumatic experiences (e.g., childhood physical abuse→waist circumference; beta = 0.055, p = 5.07 × 10-4), and childhood neglect (e.g., "someone to take you to doctor when needed as a child"→BMI; beta = -0.594, p = 1.09 × 10-5). In males, we observed putative causal effects linking anthropometric-trait genetic liabilities to traumatic experiences (e.g., BMI→childhood physical abuse; beta = 0.028, p = 8.19 × 10-3). Some of these findings were replicated in individuals of African descent although the limited sample size available did not permit us to conduct a sex-stratified analysis in this ancestry group. In conclusion, our findings provide insights regarding sex-specific causal networks linking anthropometric traits to PTSD, traumatic experiences, and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Frank R. Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Gita A. Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Adam X. Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sian M.J. Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sintia I. Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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Kisely S, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Risk Factors for Maltreatment in Siblings of Abused Children. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-036004. [PMID: 33820849 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between child maltreatment (abuse and neglect) in one sibling and that in another as well as associated risk factors. METHODS The participants were 520 sibling pairs enrolled in a population-based birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia (N = 1040). Exposure to suspected child maltreatment was measured by linkage with state child protection agency data. Self-reports of childhood sexual abuse were also collected at the 21-year follow-up. RESULTS There were notifications in both children for 8.5% of the sibling pairs (n = 44). A notification in the first sibling was associated with a 60-fold increase in the likelihood of a notification in the second sibling (95% confidence interval: 29.3-125.1), resulting in nearly three-quarters being the subject of a report. In terms of the subtypes, neglect revealed the strongest association, followed by sexual abuse. At the 21-year follow-up, 58% of second siblings reported sexual abuse when the first sibling disclosed similar experiences. On adjusted analyses, maternal age of <20 years was the strongest and most consistent predictor of abuse, with indigenous status, maternal depression, parental relationship, and familial poverty playing a lesser role. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the close association between child abuse in one sibling and maltreatment in a second sibling as well as possible risk factors. Greater awareness of these factors may inform interventions, particularly primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; .,Departments of Psychiatry and.,Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Childhood trauma and disordered eating: Exploring the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions. Appetite 2020; 154:104802. [PMID: 32717292 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although often perceived as non-threatening, disordered eating poses a significant risk to physical and psychological wellbeing. Given the modest effectiveness of current interventions, there is a need to identify specific psychological targets for treatment. One risk factor that has long been liked to eating issues is childhood trauma. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between five distinct forms of trauma and three disordered eating behaviours (Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating). In addition, it aimed to determine the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions in this association. Three hundred and thirty-two participants from the Australian community completed an online questionnaire measuring alexithymia, beliefs about emotions, disordered eating, and childhood trauma. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine total effects between independent forms of childhood trauma and eating behaviours, followed by bootstrapped confidence intervals to delineate indirect effects. A significant direct association was evidenced between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cognitive Restraint, in addition to Childhood Sexual Abuse and Emotional Eating. Numerous indirect effects were detected involving the beliefs that emotions are 'Overwhelming and Uncontrollable' and 'Damaging'. Findings indicated that experiences of childhood trauma were associated with disordered eating behaviours through the detection of significant total and/or indirect effects. However, effect sizes of indirect effects (involving beliefs about emotions) were small, suggesting that there are additional factors involved. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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Ruiz AL, Font SA. Role of childhood maltreatment on weight and weight-related behaviors in adulthood. Health Psychol 2020; 39:986-996. [PMID: 32969695 PMCID: PMC8381525 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations between child maltreatment and body mass, body weight perceptions, and weight control behaviors among men and women. METHOD Data were derived from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate links between dimensions of childhood maltreatment and adult (a) classifications of body mass index (BMI), (b) discrepancies in perceived weight and actual BMI categories, and (c) normative and risky weight control behaviors. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment was highly predictive of BMI classification, weight perception discrepancies, and weight control behaviors for women. Women who reported physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect had increased risks for being slightly or very overweight, and among those who reported physical abuse and/or a combination of physical abuse and neglect, there is an increased likelihood of holding overweight perceptions. Finally, female victims of physical abuse, physical abuse and neglect, and of neglect only were more likely to adopt risky (e.g., diet pills or purging) versus normative (e.g., diet and exercise) weight control behaviors. CONCLUSION Results indicated that women who reported childhood maltreatment have increased risks for developing body and weight related issues, confirming research documenting female-specific effects of childhood maltreatment. For women, certain forms of maltreatment strongly predicted BMI groupings, discrepant weight perceptions, and risky weight behaviors. Taken together, findings suggest that child maltreatment is a predictor of health-related outcomes. Moreover, results highlight the importance of assessing gender-specific effects when examining outcomes related to body, weight, and dieting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Dalmasso C, Leachman JR, Ensor CM, Yiannikouris FB, Giani JF, Cassis LA, Loria AS. Female Mice Exposed to Postnatal Neglect Display Angiotensin II-Dependent Obesity-Induced Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012309. [PMID: 31752639 PMCID: PMC6912962 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that female mice exposed to maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), a model of early life stress, show exacerbated diet-induced obesity associated with hypertension. The goal of this study was to test whether MSEW promotes angiotensin II-dependent hypertension via activation of the renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue. Methods and Results MSEW was achieved by daily separations from the dam and weaning at postnatal day 17, while normally reared controls were weaned at postnatal day 21. Female controls and MSEW weanlings were placed on a low-fat diet (LF, 10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HF, 60% kcal from fat) for 20 weeks. MSEW did not change mean arterial pressure in LF-fed mice but increased it in HF-fed mice compared with controls (P<0.05). In MSEW mice fed a HF, angiotensin II concentration in plasma and adipose tissue was elevated compared with controls (P<0.05). In addition, angiotensinogen concentration was increased solely in adipose tissue from MSEW mice (P<0.05), while angiotensin-converting enzyme protein expression and activity were similar between groups. Chronic enalapril treatment (2.5 mg/kg per day, drinking water, 7 days) reduced mean arterial pressure in both groups of mice fed a HF (P<0.05) and abolished the differences due to MSEW. Acute angiotensin II-induced increases in mean arterial pressure (10 μg/kg SC) were attenuated in untreated MSEW HF-fed mice compared to controls (P<0.05); however, this response was similar between groups in enalapril-treated mice. Conclusions The upregulation of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II in adipose tissue could be an important mechanism by which female MSEW mice fed a HF develop hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Jacqueline R. Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Charles M. Ensor
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Frederique B. Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Jorge F. Giani
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Analia S. Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Shanahan ME, Halpern CT, Fisher EB, Ennett ST. Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:495-502. [PMID: 31542127 PMCID: PMC7142333 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous research has suggested a positive association between child maltreatment and BMI over the life course, it is unclear when this develops. METHODS The authors used time-varying effect models and data from a nationally representative, longitudinal, cohort study (Add Health), to test how childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse uniquely varied in associations with BMI from age 13 to 28 years, and whether different patterns existed for male and female participants. Add Health collected data from 1994 to 2008, and the present analyses took place in 2018. RESULTS Age 18 years was the earliest that a relationship between maltreatment and BMI emerged for either sex. Child sexual abuse was negatively associated with BMI among male participants from 18.5 to 20 years, but positively associated with BMI among female participants from 19 to 24.5 years, and childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with BMI among female participants from 18 to 28 years. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between child maltreatment and BMI varies as a function of type of maltreatment, sex, and time. Notably, associations between maltreatment and BMI did not emerge until young adulthood. Future research should investigate mechanisms by which the association between maltreatment and BMI changes over time to identify trauma-informed intervention targets for improving weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Peckins MK, Negriff S, Schneiderman JU, Gordis EB, Susman EJ. The Moderating Role of Cortisol Reactivity on the Link Between Maltreatment and Body Mass Index Trajectory Across Adolescence. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:239-247. [PMID: 31043344 PMCID: PMC6650365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Child maltreatment increases risk for obesity, yet differential effects of maltreatment type remain unclear. Cortisol reactivity may help clarify these effects, given links among cortisol reactivity, maltreatment, and obesity. We examined these associations in boys and girls across adolescence. METHODS We collected data from 454 adolescents (212 girls) across four waves (aged 8-13 years at Time 1), including 303 maltreated youth. We modeled body mass index (BMI) percentile trajectories arrayed by age separately for boys and girls and tested whether cortisol reactivity at Time 1 moderated the association between maltreatment type and BMI growth. RESULTS In girls, cortisol reactivity moderated the association between maltreatment type and quadratic change in BMI. At low levels of cortisol, sexually abused girls had a steeper quadratic increase in BMI compared with comparison (-.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.09 to -.22) and physically abused (-.76, 95% CI -1.29, -.24) girls. At high levels of cortisol, sexually abused girls did not differ from comparison (.15, 95% CI -.40 to .70) or physically abused (.21, 95% CI -.38 to .80) girls in quadratic change in BMI. In boys, cortisol reactivity did not moderate the association between maltreatment type and BMI growth. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lower cortisol reactivity and sexual abuse may put girls at risk for BMI increase during later adolescence. Given the negative consequences of high BMI, identifying and intervening with these girls could lead to better health and well-being among this group. Cortisol reactivity may not play the same role among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Peckins
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Corresponding Author: Melissa K. Peckins, Mailing address: 1004 East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, , Fax: 734-764-2580, Phone: 845-558-7198
| | - Sonya Negriff
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, California
| | - Janet U. Schneiderman
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Department of Nursing, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elana B. Gordis
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Elizabeth J. Susman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Obesity is associated with several somatic diseases and increased psychological burden. This study focused on two potential psychological predictors of the body mass index (BMI), childhood trauma and depressive symptoms.
Methods
We used three independent populations: two general population samples (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-2, N = 1,657; SHIP-TREND-0, N = 3,278) and one patient sample (GANI_MED, N = 1,742). Childhood trauma was measured with the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in SHIP-2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in SHIP-TREND-0 and GANI_MED. We investigated the impact of childhood trauma and depression on BMI. Furthermore, we used mediation analysis to assess whether depression was a significant mediator on the path from childhood trauma to adult BMI in each of the three samples.
Results
In all the three populations, depressive symptoms exhibited a significant association towards higher BMI (p < 0.05). Childhood trauma was positively associated with BMI with significant associations in SHIP-TREND-0 (p < 0.001) and GANI_MED (p = 0.005). The relationship between CTQ and BMI was significantly partially mediated (p < 0.05) by depressive symptoms in SHIP-TREND-0 (38.0%) and GANI_MED (16.4%), in SHIP-2 results pointed in the same direction. All the trauma sub-dimensions, except sexual abuse, exhibited at least one significant association towards increased BMI in one of the samples.
Conclusions
Childhood trauma and depressive symptoms may be considered as causes of obesity. These results suggest that psychological treatments against obesity should address childhood maltreatment as well as depressive symptoms in their diagnostic assessment and could facilitate psychotherapeutic treatment when necessary.
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13
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Hawton K, Norris T, Crawley E, Shield JPH. Is Child Abuse Associated with Adolescent Obesity? A Population Cohort Study. Child Obes 2019; 14:106-113. [PMID: 29260887 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is associated with obesity in adulthood through multiple mechanisms. However, little is known about the relationship between abuse and obesity during adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate, using a birth cohort, whether there is an association between child abuse and overweight or obesity in adolescence. METHODS This study utilizes data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective cohort study based in South West England. Using data from the 4205 children with complete data at 13 and 16 years, we analyzed body mass index (BMI) and anonymous parental report of abuse. Abuse was categorized as emotional, physical, or sexual. A sub-sample of 3429 had BMI recorded at 18 years, enabling a longitudinal analysis of BMI trajectories. RESULTS Using linear and logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sex and family adversity, no association was found between child abuse and BMI, BMI Z-scores, overweight, or obesity, at 13 or 16 years, with all confidence intervals straddling the null. There was weak evidence of a negative association between physical and emotional abuse and BMI trajectories between 13 and 18 years. CONCLUSIONS No relationship was found between child abuse and adolescent obesity in this cohort. This challenges the assumption that adolescent obesity is linked to previous child abuse, as demonstrated for obesity in adult life. A further longitudinal study utilizing both parental and child reports with data record linkage, to improve reporting of abuse, and including neglect as an abuse category, would be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hawton
- 1 NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre , Nutrition Theme, Bristol, United Kingdom .,2 School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Norris
- 3 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Crawley
- 3 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P H Shield
- 1 NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre , Nutrition Theme, Bristol, United Kingdom .,2 School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
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14
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Palmos AB, Watson S, Hughes T, Finkelmeyer A, McAllister-Williams RH, Ferrier N, Anderson IM, Nair R, Young AH, Strawbridge R, Cleare AJ, Chung R, Frissa S, Goodwin L, Hotopf M, Hatch SL, Wang H, Collier DA, Thuret S, Breen G, Powell TR. Associations between childhood maltreatment and inflammatory markers. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e3. [PMID: 30762500 PMCID: PMC6343120 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is one of the strongest predictors of adulthood depression and alterations to circulating levels of inflammatory markers is one putative mechanism mediating risk or resilience.AimsTo determine the effects of childhood maltreatment on circulating levels of 41 inflammatory markers in healthy individuals and those with a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis. METHOD We investigated the association of childhood maltreatment with levels of 41 inflammatory markers in two groups, 164 patients with MDD and 301 controls, using multiplex electrochemiluminescence methods applied to blood serum. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment was not associated with altered inflammatory markers in either group after multiple testing correction. Body mass index (BMI) exerted strong effects on interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in those with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment did not exert effects on inflammatory marker levels in either the participants with MDD or the control group in our study. Our results instead highlight the more pertinent influence of BMI.Declaration of interestD.A.C. and H.W. work for Eli Lilly Inc. R.N. has received speaker fees from Sunovion, Jansen and Lundbeck. G.B. has received consultancy fees and funding from Eli Lilly. R.H.M.-W. has received consultancy fees or has a financial relationship with AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cyberonics, Eli Lilly, Ferrer, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, MyTomorrows, Otsuka, Pfizer, Pulse, Roche, Servier, SPIMACO and Sunovian. I.M.A. has received consultancy fees or has a financial relationship with Alkermes, Lundbeck, Lundbeck/Otsuka, and Servier. S.W. has sat on an advisory board for Sunovion, Allergan and has received speaker fees from Astra Zeneca. A.H.Y. has received honoraria for speaking from Astra Zeneca, Lundbeck, Eli Lilly, Sunovion; honoraria for consulting from Allergan, Livanova and Lundbeck, Sunovion, Janssen; and research grant support from Janssen. A.J.C. has received honoraria for speaking from Astra Zeneca, honoraria for consulting with Allergan, Livanova and Lundbeck and research grant support from Lundbeck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alish B Palmos
- King's College London,Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,UK
| | - Stuart Watson
- Academic Clinical Senior Lecturer, Institute of Neuroscience, Wolfson Research Centre,Newcastle University,Campus for Ageing and Vitality;andNorthumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust,UK
| | - Tom Hughes
- Associate Medical Director for Research, Leeds and York NHS Partnership Foundation Trust,UK
| | - Andreas Finkelmeyer
- Research Associate, Institute of Neuroscience, Wolfson Research Centre,Newcastle University,Campus for Ageing and Vitality,UK
| | - R Hamish McAllister-Williams
- Professor of Affective Disorders, Institute of Neuroscience, Wolfson Research Centre,Newcastle University,Campus for Ageing and Vitality;andNorthumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust,UK
| | - Nicol Ferrier
- Emeritus Professor, Institute of Neuroscience, Wolfson Research Centre,Newcastle University,Campus for Ageing and Vitality;andNorthumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust,UK
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Honorary Professor of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit,Manchester University and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre,UK
| | - Rajesh Nair
- Associate Clinical Researcher, Consultant Psychiatrist, Institute of Neuroscience, Wolfson Research Centre,Newcastle University,Campus for Ageing and Vitality;andNorthumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust,UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Professor of Mood Disorders, King's College London, Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Rebecca Strawbridge
- Postdoctoral Research Associate, King's College London, Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neuroscience,the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Anthony J Cleare
- Professor of Psychopharmacology and Affective Disorders, King's College London, Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Raymond Chung
- Research Assistant, King's College London, Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Souci Frissa
- King's NIHR Global Health Unit Coordinator, Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London,UK
| | - Laura Goodwin
- Visiting Lecturer, Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London; andLecturer in Epidemiology, Department of Psychological Sciences,University of Liverpool,UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Professor of General Hospital Psychiatry, Psychological Medicine,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Stephani L Hatch
- Reader in Sociology and Epidemiology, King's College London,Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,UK
| | - Hong Wang
- Senior Research Scientist, Eli Lilly and Company,Lilly Corporate Center,USA
| | | | - Sandrine Thuret
- Reader in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London,UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Reader of Neuropsychiatric and Translational Genetics, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London; andNational Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London,UK
| | - Timothy R Powell
- Honorary Lecturer and Medical Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow, Social,Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London,UK
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15
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Palmisano GL, Innamorati M, Sarracino D, Bosco A, Pergola F, Scaltrito D, Giorgio B, Vanderlinden J. Trauma and dissociation in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder: A case – control study. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1470483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Palmisano
- Department of Psychology of the University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Columbia 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Sarracino
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan “Bicocca”, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, CP 20126 Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Psychology of the University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, BA, Italy
| | - Filippo Pergola
- Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Columbia 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniela Scaltrito
- Department of Psychiatry of "Santa Maria Del Piede" Hospital, Eating Disorder Center “Salvatore Cotugno”, Gravina in Puglia, Via S Maria Del Piede 5, Bari, CP 70024, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Giorgio
- Department of Psychiatry of "Santa Maria Del Piede" Hospital, Eating Disorder Center “Salvatore Cotugno”, Gravina in Puglia, Via S Maria Del Piede 5, Bari, CP 70024, Italy
| | - Johan Vanderlinden
- Eating Disorder Unit, University Psychiatric Center K.U. Leuven, Campus Kortenberg, Leuvense Steenweg 517, B-3070 Kortenberg, Belgium
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16
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Mason SM, Santaularia NJ, Berge JM, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Is the childhood home food environment a confounder of the association between child maltreatment exposure and adult body mass index? Prev Med 2018; 110:86-92. [PMID: 29454080 PMCID: PMC5851654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is consistently associated with adult obesity, leading to calls for tailored weight interventions for people with maltreatment histories. However, it is possible that the maltreatment-obesity association is spurious and driven by unmeasured confounding, in which case such interventions would be misplaced. The home food environment in childhood is a potential confounder, but its role in the association of maltreatment with obesity has not been examined. We used a longitudinal dataset (Project EAT) to examine the association of adult retrospective reports of maltreatment history in childhood (1+ types of maltreatment before age 18 years) with previously-collected prospective childhood reports of home food environment characteristics (availability of healthy foods, availability of sweet/salty snack food, family meal frequency, and food insufficiency). We then estimated the association between maltreatment and adult body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) with and without adjustment for these home food environment factors. After adjustment for sociodemographics, maltreatment had a 0.84 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.41) higher BMI at age 24-39 years, compared to those with no maltreatment, after adjustment for sociodemographics, parenting style, and BMI in childhood. Additional adjustment for home food environment factors had little effect on this association (β = 0.78 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.21,1.35), suggesting limited confounding influence of the home food environment factors. Findings provide additional robust evidence that childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for obesity that may warrant tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| | - N J Santaularia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - J M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - N Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - D Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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17
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Leclerc E, Mansur RB, Grassi-Oliveira R, Cordeiro Q, Kapczinski F, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. The differential association between history of childhood sexual abuse and body mass index in early and late stages of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:214-218. [PMID: 29102835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND History of distal stressors such as childhood trauma is a well-established, non-specific vulnerability factor for multiple mental illnesses. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between history of childhood trauma and body mass index (BMI) in individuals in early and late stages of bipolar disorder (BD) and to verify is there was any difference in the association of sexual abuse history and obesity in early versus late stages of BD. METHODS Seventy-one euthymic BD-type I patients and eighty-one healthy controls were evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and body mass index (BMI). The association between BMI and CTQ total and subscores were evaluated dividing BD population in early-stage BD-I (less than 10 years since onset of disease) or late-stage BD (more than 10 years). RESULTS BD individuals had higher rates of history of childhood trauma than HC, especially sexual and emotional abuse, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a moderating effect of group on the association between BMI and sexual abuse (SA), but not on other modalities of childhood trauma, after adjustments for age, gender, ethnicity, education, alcohol and tobacco use. LIMITATIONS Our sample included a predominance of female individuals. The study cross-sectional design does not allow concluding a cause-effect relationship. In dividing the BD subgroups in relation with the time since the onset, we supposed that the natural course of BD is linear. The CTQ is subject to recall bias. CONCLUSION There is a relationship between childhood sexual abuse and BMI, but the direction of the association varies across the different stages of BD-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Leclerc
- Research Group of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (DCNL), Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Wingenfeld K, Kuehl LK, Boeker A, Schultebraucks K, Schulz A, Stenzel J, Spitzer C, Otte C. Are adverse childhood experiences and depression associated with impaired glucose tolerance in females? An experimental study. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:60-67. [PMID: 28783579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) enhance the risk for mental disorders, e.g. major depressive disorder (MDD). Increasing evidence suggests an association between ACE and impaired physical health, e.g. metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess several metabolic risk markers in healthy individuals with and without ACE and depressed patients with and without ACE. We examined glucose and insulin release in the oGTT in 33 women with MDD and ACE, 47 women with MDD without ACE, 21 women with ACE but no current or lifetime MDD and 36 healthy women without either MDD or ACE. Several metabolic markers such as triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, HbA1c, BMI and waist to hip ratio were assessed. The four groups did neither differ in insulin release and glucose concentrations in the oGTT nor with respect to other metabolic variables. Depressed patients with and without psychotropic medication did not differ in any outcome variable, but there was a trend towards higher glucose concentrations in the oGTT in patients with current psychotropic medication. In this physically healthy sample neither ACE nor MDD were associated with metabolic risk factors. Thus, metabolic alterations might not directly be linked to ACE and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wingenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Linn K Kuehl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Boeker
- Asklepios Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn, Rosdorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Schultebraucks
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Stenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Otte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Sacks RM, Takemoto E, Andrea S, Dieckmann NF, Bauer KW, Boone-Heinonen J. Childhood Maltreatment and BMI Trajectory: The Mediating Role of Depression. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:625-633. [PMID: 28928037 PMCID: PMC5679065 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood maltreatment is associated with later obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which depression mediates the associations between childhood maltreatment and BMI in adolescence through adulthood. METHODS Data on a cohort of 13,362 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave I [1994-1995] to Wave IV [2008-2009]) were analyzed in 2015-2016. Classes of maltreatment experienced prior to age 12 years were statistically identified using latent class analysis. Gender-stratified latent growth curve analysis was used to estimate total effects of maltreatment classes on latent BMI trajectory (aged 13-31 years) and indirect effects of maltreatment classes that occurred through latent depression trajectory (aged 12-31 years). RESULTS Four latent maltreatment classes were identified: high abuse and neglect; physical abuse dominant; supervisory neglect dominant; and no/low maltreatment. In girls, compared with no/low maltreatment, supervisory neglect dominant (coefficient=0.3, 95% CI=0.0, 0.7) and physical abuse dominant (coefficient=0.6, 95% CI=0.1, 1.2) maltreatment were associated with faster gain in BMI. Change in depression over time fully mediated the association of BMI slope with physical abuse dominant maltreatment, but not with supervisory neglect dominant maltreatment. In boys, high abuse and neglect maltreatment was associated with marginally greater BMI at baseline (coefficient=0.7, 95% CI= -0.1, 1.5); this association was not mediated by depression. CONCLUSIONS Although maltreatment was associated with depression and BMI trajectories from adolescence to adulthood, depression only mediated associations with physical abuse dominant maltreatment in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Sacks
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
| | - Erin Takemoto
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sarah Andrea
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nathan F Dieckmann
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, Oregon; Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Katherine W Bauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Janne Boone-Heinonen
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon.
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20
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Mitchell AM, Porter K, Christian LM. Examination of the role of obesity in the association between childhood trauma and inflammation during pregnancy. Health Psychol 2017; 37:114-124. [PMID: 28967771 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma is associated with negative perinatal health outcomes including mood disorders and shorter gestation. However, effects of early life exposures on maternal biology are poorly delineated. This study examined associations between childhood trauma and inflammation, as well as the mediating role of obesity in this relationship. METHOD This study examined a racially diverse sample of 77 pregnant women assessed in early, mid, and late pregnancy. Assessments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, serum CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, and prepregnancy BMI. RESULTS Per linear mixed models, while no direct relationships were observed between childhood trauma with IL-6 or TNF-α, physical (95% CI: 0.007, 0.080) and emotional (95% CI: 0.005, 0.046) abuse as well as emotional neglect (95% CI: 0.010, 0.051) predicted elevated CRP. Effects remained after adjustment for race, income, education, smoking status, medical conditions, and depressive symptoms. PROCESS analyses showed BMI mediated the relationship between physical abuse and both serum CRP (95% CI: 0.014, 0.062) and IL-6 (95% CI: 0.009, 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to childhood trauma, particularly emotional abuse, physical abuse, and emotional neglect, is associated with inflammation in pregnant women. Obesity served as 1 pathway by which physical abuse contributed to elevations in serum CRP and IL-6. Interventions targeting maternal obesity prior to pregnancy may help mitigate the effects of childhood trauma on perinatal health. These findings have relevance for understanding biological and behavioral pathways by which early life exposures contribute to maternal health. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Kyle Porter
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University
| | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
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Abajobir AA, Kisely S, Williams G, Strathearn L, Suresh S, Najman JM. The association between substantiated childhood maltreatment, asthma and lung function: A prospective investigation. J Psychosom Res 2017; 101:58-65. [PMID: 28867425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma reflects multiple and likely complex causal pathways. We investigate the possibility that childhood maltreatment is one such causal pathway. Childhood maltreatment can be interpreted as a form of early life adversity and like other life adversities may predict a range of negative health outcomes, including asthma. METHODS A total of 3762 young adults (52.63% female) from the Mater Hospital-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) participated in this study. MUSP is a prospective Australian birth cohort study of mothers consecutively recruited during their first antenatal clinic visit at Brisbane's Mater Hospital from 1981 to 1983. The study followed both mother-child dyads to the age of 21years after birth. Participants reported whether they had been diagnosed by a physician with asthma by the 21-year follow-up. Trained research assistants also performed gender- and height-standardized lung function tests using a Spirobank G spirometer system attached to a laptop computer. We linked this dataset with data obtained from the child protection services and which comprised all substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment in the MUSP cohort. Substantiations of childhood maltreatment included children in an age range of 0-14years. RESULTS The experience of any childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse, was independently associated with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma by the 21-year follow-up. The association was no longer significant after adjustment for a range of confounders and covariates in neglected children. Childhood maltreatment, including multiple events, was not associated with lung function in adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment, including emotional abuse, was associated with lifetime ever asthma. This was in contrast to the absence of an association with objective measures of lung function. More research is indicated on the effect of childhood maltreatment on lung function using objective measures. In the meantime, there should be a greater awareness of the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on the potential to develop asthma, as well as of the possibility that asthma in adulthood may precede childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Alemu Abajobir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Gail Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sadasivam Suresh
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
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Abajobir AA, Kisely S, Williams G, Strathearn L, Najman JM. Childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake behaviors in adulthood: A birth cohort study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 72:147-153. [PMID: 28802911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a wide range of chronic medical conditions including obesity, other metabolic events and eating disorders. However, little is known about the association between childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake. This study addresses the extent to which co-occurring and specific forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment are associated with self-reported high dietary fat intake in adulthood and whether there is a gender-childhood maltreatment interaction in predicting this association. The study also examines the association between age at substantiation of maltreatment, number of childhood maltreatment substantiations and high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. The data were from a prospective Australian pre-birth mother-child dyads study, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. The study followed 7223 mother-child dyads following the birth of a live, singleton baby at the Mater hospital. Recruitment was early in pregnancy, and then follow-ups at 3-5days postpartum and again when the child was 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years of age. The data were linked to agency-substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment 0-14 years. This study extended the data linkage to 3766 (47.4% female) participants who had complete data on dietary fat intake behaviors at the 21-year follow-up. Consecutive logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios with respective 95% confidence intervals for high dietary fat intake for multiple and specific forms of childhood maltreatment, as well as age at and number of childhood maltreatment substantiations. Finally, a gender-childhood maltreatment interaction term was used to predict the outcome. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, substantiated childhood maltreatment including physical abuse were associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. Similarly, substantiation of childhood maltreatment between the ages of 5 and 14 years was significantly associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors as were two or more substantiations of maltreatment. Inclusion of gender-childhood maltreatment interaction only had a minor impact on the size and direction of the association. Chronic and severe forms of childhood maltreatment including physical abuse are associated with a higher rate of dietary fat intake in young adulthood. Further research to replicate this association might focus on possible neuro-hormonal mechanisms that might explain this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanuel Alemu Abajobir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, 4102 Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Gail Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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23
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Daigneault I, Vézina-Gagnon P, Bourgeois C, Esposito T, Hébert M. Physical and mental health of children with substantiated sexual abuse: Gender comparisons from a matched-control cohort study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 66:155-165. [PMID: 28318540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
When compared to children from the general population, sexually abused children receive more medical services, both for physical and mental health problems. However, possible differences between sexually abused boys and girls remain unknown. The lack of control group in studies that find gender differences also prevents from determining if the differences are specific to sexual abuse or to gender. The objective of the study was to assess differences in physical and mental health between sexually abused boys and girls in comparison to those from the general population. Administrative databases were used to document physical and mental health problems of 222 males and 660 females with a substantiated report of sexual abuse between 2001 and 2010. A comparison group individually matched to those from the sexually abused group on gender, age and geographic area was also used to document gender differences in the general population. Yearly incidence rates of diagnoses resulting from medical consultations and hospitalizations of males and females were compared over five years after a first substantiated sexual abuse report using the mixed general linear model. Sexually abused girls were up to 2.2 times more likely to consult a physician than sexually abused boys for physical health problems. Similar findings are observed in the general population. Conversely, results revealed that sexually abused boys were up to 2.3 times more likely than females to consult a physician for mental health problems. This gender difference was not apparent in the general population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Daigneault
- Université de Montréal, Psychology Department, Pavillon Marie-Victorin P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Pascale Vézina-Gagnon
- Université de Montréal, Psychology Department, Pavillon Marie-Victorin P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Bourgeois
- Université de Montréal, Psychology Department, Pavillon Marie-Victorin P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Tonino Esposito
- Université de Montréal, School of social work, Pavillon Lionel-Groulx P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Sexology Department, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Jayasinghe YL, Sasongko V, Lim RW, Grover SR, Tabrizi SN, Moore EE, Donath S, Garland SM. The Association Between Unwanted Sexual Experiences and Early-Onset Cervical Cancer and Precancer by Age 25: A Case-Control Study. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2016; 26:774-787. [PMID: 27854558 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between unwanted sexual experiences and cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, diagnosed ≤25 years of age. METHODS A case-control study of women ≤55 years who attended gynecological hospitals in Australia between 1983 and 2007. Cases were ≤25 years when diagnosed with disease, control group 1 were "older women" >25 years at diagnosis; control group 2 were "well women" ≤25 years attending preventive health clinics. A self-administered postal survey was utilized. The main outcome measures were prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (<16 years) and unwanted adolescent sexual experiences (between 16 and 18 years) in cases compared to controls. RESULTS Of 400 contactable subjects, 251 participated (62.8%). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in cases (26.6% [25/94]) was similar to other groups. Prevalence of childhood genital contact abuse in cases with cervical cancer was 45.5% [5/11], compared to older women (20% [10/50], p = 0.08) and well women (13.8% [8/58], p = 0.01), and was marginally more common compared to well women when adjusted for other lifestyle factors (odds ratio [OR]: 4.7 [1.0-22.6], p = 0.05). Prevalence of unwanted adolescent sexual experiences in cases was 28.9% [33/114]. Prevalence of adolescent penile-genital contact experiences in cervical cancer cases was 46.7% [7/15], compared to older women (9.4%, [6/64], p < 0.001) and well women (13.7%, [10/73], p = 0.003), and was more common compared to well women when adjusted for lifestyle (OR: 5.9 [1.4-24.9], p = 0.02) and sexual health risk factors (OR: 5.6 [1.4-22.1] p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Unwanted sexual experiences with genital contact were a risk factor for invasive cervical cancer ≤25 years, likely due to a complex interplay of biological and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Leela Jayasinghe
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Gynaecology, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Wenrui Lim
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Regina Grover
- 2 Department of Gynaecology, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia .,5 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- 5 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,6 Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elya E Moore
- 6 Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Donath
- 5 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,7 Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit, Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne Marie Garland
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,5 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Melbourne, Australia .,6 Women's Centre for Infectious Diseases, Royal Women's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
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Guenzel N, Houfek J, Watanabe-Galloway S. Adverse Events in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Elevated BMI among People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:829-838. [PMID: 27681707 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1224281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of obesity have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Childhood adversity has been associated with adult obesity in the general public, but has not been examined among people with mental illness. This study used a secondary analysis to examine childhood adversity and body mass index in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Among females, a history of physical abuse from parents or paternal emotional neglect was associated with an increased risk for obesity (OR = 3.34 and 2.44, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Guenzel
- a University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Julia Houfek
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- c University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
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Williams DR, Mohammed SA, Shields AE. Understanding and effectively addressing breast cancer in African American women: Unpacking the social context. Cancer 2016; 122:2138-49. [PMID: 26930024 PMCID: PMC5588632 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Black women have a higher incidence of breast cancer before the age of 40 years, more severe disease at all ages, and an elevated mortality risk in comparison with white women. There is limited understanding of the contribution of social factors to these patterns. Elucidating the role of the social determinants of health in breast cancer disparities requires greater attention to how risk factors for breast cancer unfold over the lifecourse and to the complex ways in which socioeconomic status and racism shape exposure to psychosocial, physical, chemical, and other individual and community-level assaults that increase the risk of breast cancer. Research that takes seriously the social context in which black women live is also needed to maximize the opportunities to prevent breast cancer in this underserved group. Cancer 2016;122:2138-49. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Department of African and African American Studies, Harvard University
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Selina A. Mohammed
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA
| | - Alexandra E. Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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27
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Machado TD, Dalle Molle R, Reis RS, Rodrigues DM, Mucellini AB, Minuzzi L, Franco AR, Buchweitz A, Toazza R, Ergang BC, Cunha ACDA, Salum GA, Manfro GG, Silveira PP. Interaction between perceived maternal care, anxiety symptoms, and the neurobehavioral response to palatable foods in adolescents. Stress 2016; 19:287-94. [PMID: 27295200 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1191464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents have shown that early life trauma leads to anxiety, increased stress responses to threatening situations, and modifies food intake in a new environment. However, these associations are still to be tested in humans. This study aimed to verify complex interactions among anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol on food intake in a new environment in humans. A community sample of 32 adolescents and young adults was evaluated for: psychiatric diagnosis using standardized interviews, maternal care using the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), caloric consumption in a new environment (meal choice at a snack bar), and salivary cortisol. They also performed a brain fMRI task including the visualization of palatable foods vs. neutral items. The study found a three-way interaction between anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol levels on the total calories consumed (snacks) in a new environment. This interaction means that for those with high maternal care, there were no significant associations between cortisol levels and food intake in a new environment. However, for those with low maternal care and who have an anxiety disorder (affected), cortisol was associated with higher food intake; whereas for those with low maternal care and who did not have an anxiety disorder (resilient), cortisol was negatively associated with lower food intake. In addition, higher anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased activation in the superior and middle frontal gyrus when visualizing palatable vs. neutral items in those reporting high maternal care. These results in humans mimic experimental research findings and demonstrate that a combination of anxiety diagnosis and maternal care moderate the relationship between the HPA axis functioning, anxiety, and feeding behavior in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Diniz Machado
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- e PUCRS, Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- f PUCRS, Faculdade de Medicina , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- g PUCRS, Faculdade de Engenharia , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- e PUCRS, Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- f PUCRS, Faculdade de Medicina , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- h PUCRS, Faculdade de Letras , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras , Linguística , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cristina Ergang
- i Graduação em Nutrição: Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Carla de Araújo Cunha
- i Graduação em Nutrição: Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy obesity: a comparison of obese, overweight, and normal weight pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:355-65. [PMID: 26386682 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity is associated with poor health outcomes for the mother and the child. General population studies suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with obesity in adulthood. The aim of our study was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and a history of childhood abuse or neglect including different stages of severity of abuse and neglect. Three hundred twenty-six normal weight, overweight, or obese pregnant women reported demographic data, height and weight, and general psychological distress at 18-22 weeks of gestation. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations were examined using logistic regression analyses and a reference group of normal weight women. Fifty percent reported a history of abuse or neglect. After adjusting for age, education, income, marital status, and the number of previous children, pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were strongly associated with severe physical abuse (overweight: OR = 8.33, 95% CI 1.48-47.03; obesity: OR = 6.31, 95% CI 1.06-37.60). Women with severe physical neglect (OR = 4.25, 95% CI 1.23-14.74) were at increased risk of pregnancy overweight. We found a dose-response relationship between physical abuse and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity. Whereas other studies report an association between childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy obesity, this is the first study that found an association between childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy overweight. Considering the severe health risks of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, affected women constitute a subgroup with special needs in prenatal care. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Mason SM, Tobias DK, Clark CJ, Zhang C, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW. Abuse in Childhood or Adolescence and Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:436-444. [PMID: 26547539 PMCID: PMC4801767 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life abuse has been linked to later Type 2 diabetes, but its association with gestational diabetes has not been examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between childhood and adolescent abuse victimization and risk of gestational diabetes in the Nurses' Health Study II. METHODS Participants were asked about experiences of physical and sexual abuse in childhood or adolescence in 2001 and about history of pregnancy complications in 2009. Mothers of singleton live births who provided information on their abuse history comprised the study sample. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios and 95% CIs for gestational diabetes as a function of physical and sexual abuse victimization. Analyses were conducted in 2014-2015. RESULTS Of 45,550 women in the analysis, 8% reported severe physical abuse and 11% reported forced sexual activity in childhood or adolescence. Approximately 3% (n=3,181) of pregnancies were complicated by gestational diabetes. In adjusted models, severe physical abuse was associated with a 42% greater gestational diabetes risk (risk ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.21, 1.66) relative to no physical abuse. Forced sexual activity was associated with a 30% greater risk (95% CI=1.14, 1.49). Women with histories of both physical and sexual abuse were at higher risk than women exposed to a single type of abuse. These associations were not explained by overweight status in early adulthood or prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Childhood and adolescent victimization is associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes in adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cari J Clark
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Mills R, Kisely S, Alati R, Strathearn L, Najman J. Self-reported and agency-notified child sexual abuse in a population-based birth cohort. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:87-93. [PMID: 26774419 PMCID: PMC4744520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with many adverse psychiatric outcomes. However, most studies have relied on retrospective self-report of exposure to CSA. We set out to investigate the incidence of CSA in the same birth cohort using both retrospective self-report and prospective government agency notification, and examine the psychological outcomes in young adulthood. The primary outcomes were measures of DSM-IV diagnoses (CIDI-Auto) at age 21. The 21-year retrospective CSA questions were completed by 3739 participants. CSA was self-reported by 19.3% of males and 30.6% of females. After adjustment for potential confounders, both self-reported and agency-notified CSA were associated with increased odds of lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the first time in a birth cohort, this study has shown the disparity between the incidence of CSA when measured by self-report and government agency notification. Despite this discrepancy, adverse psychiatric outcomes are seen when CSA is defined using either method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Department of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, PO Box 4096, Loganholme DC, Queensland, 4129, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Rosa Alati
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
| | - Lane Strathearn
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Jake Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Level 2, Public Health Building, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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Gooding HC, Milliren C, Austin SB, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher body mass index in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 50:151-158. [PMID: 26303827 PMCID: PMC4688211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether different types of childhood adversity are associated with body mass index (BMI) in adolescence, we studied 147 adolescents aged 13-17 years, 41% of whom reported exposure to at least one adversity (maltreatment, abuse, peer victimization, or witness to community or domestic violence). We examined associations between adversity type and age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores using linear regression and overweight and obese status using logistic regression. We adjusted for potential socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological confounders and tested for effect modification by gender. Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or peer victimization did not have significantly different BMI z-scores than those without exposure (p>0.05 for all comparisons). BMI z-scores were higher in adolescents who had experienced physical abuse (β=0.50, 95% CI 0.12-0.91) or witnessed domestic violence (β=0.85, 95% CI 0.30-1.40). Participants who witnessed domestic violence had almost 6 times the odds of being overweight or obese (95% CI: 1.09-30.7), even after adjustment for potential confounders. No gender-by-adversity interactions were found. Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher adolescent BMI. This finding highlights the importance of screening for violence in pediatric practice and providing obesity prevention counseling for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Gooding
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Carly Milliren
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, USA
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
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Anderson LM, Hayden BM, Tomasula JL. Sexual Assault, Overweight, and Suicide Attempts in U.S. Adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2015; 45:529-540. [PMID: 25530176 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Associations between overweight, sexual assault history, and suicide attempts were examined among 31,540 adolescents from the combined 2009 and 2011 nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Surveys samples. These variables have not previously been studied concurrently. It was hypothesized that overweight and sexual assault, together, would interact and result in increased suicide attempts. Findings across analyses included (a) no significant associations between sexual assault and overweight in females or males (p = .65 and p = .90, respectively), (b) statistically significant associations between female (but not male) overweight status and suicide attempts (p = .001), (c) a strong association between sexual assault and suicide risk in males (p < .001) and females (p < .001), and (d) an elevated risk for suicide in overweight males with co-occurring sexual assault, with over 33% of males with such histories attempting suicide. Preliminary findings have powerful implications for research and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany M Hayden
- Department of Counseling School and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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33
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Mason SM, MacLehose RF, Katz-Wise SL, Austin SB, Neumark-Sztainer D, Harlow BL, Rich-Edwards JW. Childhood abuse victimization, stress-related eating, and weight status in young women. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:760-6.e2. [PMID: 26272779 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abuse in childhood predicts stress-related overeating and excess weight gain in young women. We investigated whether two stress-related overeating behaviors--binge eating and coping-motivated eating--explain childhood abuse associations with weight status in young women. METHODS Analyses included 4377 women participating in the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of youth enrolled at age 9 to 14 years. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effects of abuse before age 11 years on weight status at age 22 to 29 years with and without adjustment for binge eating and coping-motivated eating. RESULTS Women with severe physical, sexual, and emotional abuse had early adult body mass indexes (BMIs) that were 0.74 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-1.33), 0.69 (95% CI: -0.46 to 1.83), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.24-1.45) kg/m(2) higher, respectively, than those without abuse. Adjustment for coping-motivated eating attenuated the excess BMI associated with severe physical abuse, but no other important attenuations were found. CONCLUSIONS Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse before age 11 years were associated with higher early adult weight status, although the sexual abuse estimate was not statistically significant. Evidence for a role of stress-related eating in abuse--BMI associations was limited and inconsistent across abuse types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Richard F MacLehose
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Sabra L Katz-Wise
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Bernard L Harlow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Duncan AE, Sartor CE, Jonson-Reid M, Munn-Chernoff MA, Eschenbacher MA, Diemer EW, Nelson EC, Waldron M, Bucholz KK, Madden PA, Heath AC. Associations between body mass index, post-traumatic stress disorder, and child maltreatment in young women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 45:154-62. [PMID: 25770346 PMCID: PMC4470860 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine interrelationships between child maltreatment, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and body mass index (BMI) in young women. We used multinomial logistic regression models to explore the possibility that PTSD statistically mediates or moderates the association between BMI category and self-reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA), physical abuse (CPA), or neglect among 3,699 young women participating in a population-based twin study. Obese women had the highest prevalence of CSA, CPA, neglect, and PTSD (p<.001 for all). Although all three forms of child maltreatment were significantly, positively associated with overweight and obesity in unadjusted models, only CSA was significantly associated with obesity after adjusting for other forms of maltreatment and covariates (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.63, 3.00). CSA and neglect, but not CPA, were associated with underweight in unadjusted models; however, after adjusting for other forms of maltreatment and covariates, the associations were no longer statistically significant (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 0.90-2.28 and OR=2.16, 95% CI: 0.90-5.16 for CSA and neglect, respectively). Further adjustment for PTSD generally resulted in modest attenuation of effects across associations of child maltreatment forms with BMI categories, suggesting that PTSD may, at most, be only a weak partial mediator of these associations. Future longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking CSA and obesity and to further evaluate the role of PTSD in associations between child maltreatment and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E. Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carolyn E. Sartor
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Melissa Jonson-Reid
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Elizabeth W. Diemer
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary Waldron
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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McCarthy-Jones S, McCarthy-Jones R. Body mass index and anxiety/depression as mediators of the effects of child sexual and physical abuse on physical health disorders in women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:2007-2020. [PMID: 25459987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relation between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and physical health disorders in adulthood, and what factors may serve as mediators, remains poorly understood. Using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N=3,486), we tested whether CSA was associated with physical health disorders in adult women and if mediated effects via body mass index (BMI), anxiety/depression, alcohol dependence, and smoking were present. Compared to women with no CSA, women who had experienced CSA involving intercourse had more than twice the odds of being obese, more than 3 times the odds of experiencing mental health disorders, more than 4 times the odds of being alcohol dependent, more than 5 times the odds of being drug dependent, and more than 6 times the odds of attempting suicide. Those experiencing both CSA and child physical abuse (CPA) were on average over 11kg heavier than those with neither CSA nor CPA. After controlling for demographics, CPA, and childhood bullying, CSA was associated with the majority of physical health disorders studied (typically 50-100% increases in odds). Evidence was found consistent with mediation by BMI (typically accounting for 5-20% increases in odds) and anxiety/depression (typically accounting for 8-40% increases in odds), in a dose-response manner, for the majority of physical health disorders. Bidirectional relations among these mediators and physical health disorders, and residual confounding, may have led to overestimation of mediation through BMI and anxiety/depression and underestimation of mediation through alcohol/smoking. Relations between both CPA and childhood bullying and physical health disorders in adulthood were also found. Longitudinal studies employing more sensitive measures of potential mediators are now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon McCarthy-Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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36
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Hemmingsson E, Johansson K, Reynisdottir S. Effects of childhood abuse on adult obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2014; 15:882-93. [PMID: 25123205 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Controversy exists surrounding the role of childhood abuse in obesity development. This is a meta-analysis of observational studies on the role of childhood abuse in adult obesity. Systematic searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, Medline and CINAHL resulted in 23 cohort studies (4 prospective, 19 retrospective) with n=112,708 participants, containing four abuse types (physical, emotional, sexual, general). Four studies reported dose-response effects. A random effects model was used to quantify effect sizes, meta-regression/subgroup analysis for identifying potential moderating variables and Egger's test for publication bias. Adults who reported childhood abuse were significantly more likely to be obese (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-1.45, P<0.001). All four types of abuse were significantly associated with adult obesity: physical (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.46), emotional (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08-1.71), sexual (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13-1.53) and general abuse (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25-1.69). Severe abuse (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.77) was significantly more associated with adult obesity (P=0.043) compared with light/moderate abuse (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.91-1.41). We found no significant effects of study design (prospective vs. retrospective, P=0.07), age (P=0.96) or gender (P=0.92). Publication bias was evident (Egger's test P=0.007), but effect sizes remained statistically significant in sensitivity analyses. Childhood abuse was clearly associated with being obese as an adult, including a positive dose-response association. This suggests that adverse life experiences during childhood plays a major role in obesity development, potentially by inducing mental and emotional perturbations, maladaptive coping responses, stress, inflammation and metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemmingsson
- Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Richardson AS, Dietz WH, Gordon-Larsen P. The association between childhood sexual and physical abuse with incident adult severe obesity across 13 years of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:351-61. [PMID: 24115589 PMCID: PMC3961565 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe obesity has increased, yet childhood antecedents of adult severe obesity are not well understood. OBJECTIVE Estimate adult-onset severe obesity risk in individuals with history of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse compared with those who did not report abuse. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of participants from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 10,774) wave II (1996; aged 12-22 years) followed through wave IV (2008-2009; aged 24-34 years). New cases of adult-onset severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg/m2 using measured height and weight) in individuals followed over 13 years who were not severely obese during adolescence (BMI <120% of 95th percentile Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics growth curves). RESULTS The combined occurrence of self-reported sexual and physical abuse during childhood was associated with an increased risk of incident severe obesity in adulthood in non-minority females (hazard ratio [HR; 95% Confidence Interval] = 2.5; 1.3, 4.8) and males (HR = 3.6; 1.5, 8.5) compared with individuals with no history of abuse. CONCLUSION In addition to other social and emotional risks, exposure to sexual and physical abuse during childhood may increase risk of severe obesity later in life. Consideration of the confluence of childhood abuse might be considered as part of preventive and therapeutic approaches to address severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Richardson
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Diesel JC, Bodnar LM, Day NL, Larkby CA. Childhood maltreatment and the risk of pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2014; 12:558-68. [PMID: 25138565 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate whether maternal history of childhood maltreatment was associated with pre-pregnancy obesity or excessive gestational weight gain. Pregnant women (n = 472) reported pre-pregnancy weight and height and gestational weight gain and were followed up to 16 years post-partum when they reported maltreatment on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). CTQ score ranged from no maltreatment (25) to severe maltreatment (125). Prenatal mental health modified the association between CTQ score and maternal weight (P < 0.15), and thus stratified models are presented. After adjusting for race, prenatal tobacco, marijuana and alcohol use, a one standard deviation (1 SD) increase in CTQ score was associated with a 45% increase in the risk of pre-pregnancy obesity among the 141 women with elevated anxiety (≥75th percentile on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory) [relative risk, RR (95% confidence interval, CI): 1.45 (1.12, 1.88)], but was not associated among less anxious (<75th percentile) women [RR (95% CI): 1.10 (0.81, 1.51)]. Risk of excessive gestational weight gain was higher [adjusted RR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.07, 1.37)] with every 1 SD increase in CTQ score for anxious women. No association was observed for less anxious women [adjusted RR (95% CI): 0.89 (0.78, 1.02)]. Prenatal depression similarly modified the association between maltreatment and weight gain. Factors such as psychological status and traumatic experiences in early childhood may contribute to pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C Diesel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Bodnar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy L Day
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cynthia A Larkby
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:544-54. [PMID: 23689533 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent global-health problem associated with substantial morbidity, impairment and economic burden. Because most readily available forms of treatment are ineffective in the long term, it is essential to advance knowledge of obesity prevention by identifying potentially modifiable risk factors. Findings from experimental studies in non-human primates suggest that adverse childhood experiences may influence obesity risk. However, observations from human studies showed heterogeneous results. To address these inconsistencies, we performed Medline, PsycInfo and Embase searches till 1 August 2012 for articles examining the association between childhood maltreatment and obesity. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the identified studies and explored the effects of various possible sources of bias. A meta-analysis of 41 studies (190 285 participants) revealed that childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated risk of developing obesity over the life-course (odds ratio=1.36; 95% confidence interval=1.26-1.47). Results were not explained by publication bias or undue influence of individual studies. Overall, results were not significantly affected by the measures or definitions used for maltreatment or obesity, nor by confounding by childhood or adult socioeconomic status, current smoking, alcohol intake or physical activity. However, the association was not statistically significant in studies of children and adolescents, focusing on emotional neglect, or adjusting for current depression. Furthermore, the association was stronger in samples including more women and whites, but was not influenced by study quality. Child maltreatment is a potentially modifiable risk factor for obesity. Future research should clarify the mechanisms through which child maltreatment affects obesity risk and explore methods to remediate this effect.
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40
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Helton JJ, Liechty JM. Obesity prevalence among youth investigated for maltreatment in the United States. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:768-775. [PMID: 24035366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and correlates of obesity among youth investigated for maltreatment in the United States. Participants were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II, a national probability study of 5,873 children aged birth to 17 years under investigation for maltreatment in 2008. From child weight reported by caregivers, we estimated obesity (weight-for-age ≥95th percentile) prevalence among children aged 2 through 17 (n=2,948). Sex-specific logistic regression models by developmental age were used to identify obesity risk factors, including child age, race/ethnicity, and maltreatment type. Obesity prevalence was 25.4% and was higher among boys than girls (30.0% vs. 20.8%). African American adolescent boys had a lower risk for obesity than white boys (OR=0.28, 95% CI [0.08, 0.94]). Compared with girls aged 2-5 with a neglect allegation, girls with a sexual abuse allegation were at greater risk for obesity (OR=3.54, 95% CI [1.01, 12.41]). Compared with adolescent boys with a neglect allegation, boys with a physical abuse allegation had a lower risk for obesity (OR=0.24, 95% CI [0.06, 0.99]). Adolescent girls with a prior family history of investigation were at greater risk for obesity than those without a history of investigation (OR=3.97, 95% CI [1.58, 10.02]). Youth investigated for maltreatment have high obesity rates compared with national peers. Opportunities to modify and evaluate related child welfare policies and health care practices should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Helton
- School of Social Work and Children and Family Research Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Janet M Liechty
- School of Social Work and College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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41
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Entwistle PA, Webb RJ, Abayomi JC, Johnson B, Sparkes AC, Davies IG. Unconscious agendas in the etiology of refractory obesity and the role of hypnosis in their identification and resolution: a new paradigm for weight-management programs or a paradigm revisited? Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2014; 62:330-59. [PMID: 24837063 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2014.901085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypnosis has long been recognized as an effective tool for producing behavioral change in the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia. Despite many studies from the latter half of the last century suggesting that hypnosis might also be of value in managing obesity situations, the efficacy of hypnotherapy for weight reduction has received surprisingly little formal research attention since 2000. This review presents a brief history of early clinical studies using hypnosis for weight reduction and describes a hypnotherapeutic approach within which a combination of instructional/pedagogic and exploratory therapeutic sessions can work together synergistically to maximize the potential for sustained weight loss. Hypnotic modulation of appetite- and satiation-associated peptides and hormone levels may yield additional physiological benefits in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
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Mason SM, Flint AJ, Field AE, Austin SB, Rich-Edwards JW. Abuse victimization in childhood or adolescence and risk of food addiction in adult women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E775-81. [PMID: 23637085 PMCID: PMC3855159 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child abuse appears to increase obesity risk in adulthood, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study examined the association between child abuse victimization and food addiction, a measure of stress-related overeating, in 57,321 adult participants in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). DESIGN AND METHODS The NHSII ascertained physical and sexual child abuse histories in 2001 and current food addiction in 2009. Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms on a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Confounder-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using modified Poisson regression. RESULTS Over 8% of the sample reported severe physical abuse in childhood, while 5.3% reported severe sexual abuse. Eight percent met the criteria for food addiction. Women with food addiction were 6 U of BMI heavier than women without food addiction. Severe physical and severe sexual abuse were associated with roughly 90% increases in food addiction risk (physical abuse RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.09; sexual abuse RR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.69, 2.05). The RR for combined severe physical abuse and sexual abuse was 2.40 (95% CI: 2.16, 2.67). CONCLUSIONS A history of child abuse is strongly associated with food addiction in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Mason
- Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alan J. Flint
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alison E. Field
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Janet W. Rich-Edwards
- Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Fuller-Thomson E, Sinclair DA, Brennenstuhl S. Carrying the pain of abuse: gender-specific findings on the relationship between childhood physical abuse and obesity in adulthood. Obes Facts 2013; 6:325-36. [PMID: 23970142 PMCID: PMC5644736 DOI: 10.1159/000354609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood abuse has been associated with negative adult health outcomes, including obesity. This study sought to investigate the association between childhood physical abuse and adult obesity, while controlling for five clusters of potentially confounding factors: childhood stressors, socioeconomic indicators, marital status, health behaviors, and mental health. METHODS Representative data from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey were selected. The response rate was approximately 84%. Gender-specific logistic regression analyses determined the association between abuse and obesity, while controlling for age and race and five clusters of potentially confounding factors. Of the 12,590 respondents with complete data, 2,787 were obese and 976 reported physical abuse as a child or adolescent by someone close to them. RESULTS Among women with childhood physical abuse compared to no abuse, the odds of obesity were 35% higher, even when controlling for age, race, and the five clusters of factors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09, 1.67). Childhood physical abuse was not associated with adult obesity among men (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.82, 1.53). CONCLUSIONS This study provides one of the first population-based, gender-specific analyses of the association between childhood physical abuse and obesity controlling for a wide range of factors. The gender-specific findings require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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44
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Johannessen KB, Berntsen D. Losing the Symptoms: Weight Loss and Decrease in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. J Clin Psychol 2013; 69:655-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Nelson DB, Uscher-Pines L, Staples SR, Grisso JA. Childhood violence and behavioral effects among urban pregnant women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 19:1177-83. [PMID: 20392141 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood violence has been linked to a variety of health outcomes in adulthood; however, little research has focused on the impact of childhood violence on behavior and health during pregnancy. We aimed to explore the role of experiencing childhood physical and sexual violence in health status and high-risk behaviors among young, urban pregnant women. METHODS Pregnant women seeking care in an urban emergency department were recruited. Information on demographics, prior and current violence, depressive symptoms, stress, substance use, and health conditions was collected, and multivariate analyses were used. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of women reported at least one episode of childhood physical violence before the age of 16, and 14% reported at least one episode of rape during childhood. Women reporting any type of childhood violence were > twice as likely to be experiencing current violence (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.83-2.74). Pregnant women who reported childhood physical violence without current violence had a higher odds of prior sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), confirmed cigarette use (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.44-2.74), and depressive symptoms, adjusting for age, race, and education. The group of pregnant women reporting childhood sexual violence/rape without current violence reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms, stress, problem drinking, and cigarette use during pregnancy (OR 4.11, 95% CI 2.24-7.55). Women who experienced any type of childhood violence and reported current violence were > five times more likely to report depressive symptoms and have confirmed, recent cocaine use compared with women without a history of prior or current violence. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of understanding the full impact of early childhood violence on behaviors during pregnancy and provide direction for substance use and depression prevention strategies among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah B Nelson
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, USA.
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46
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Fuller-Thomson E, Bejan R, Hunter JT, Grundland T, Brennenstuhl S. The link between childhood sexual abuse and myocardial infarction in a population-based study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:656-665. [PMID: 22943837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and myocardial infarction in men and women, while controlling for social determinants (i.e., socioeconomic status, social support, mental health) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., age, race, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus). METHODS Population-based data were obtained from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Myocardial infarction was ascertained by self-report of a health-professional diagnosis. CSA was defined as forced sex with someone at least 5 years older before the age of 18. The final sample included 5,095 men and 7,768 women. RESULTS After adjustment for 15 factors, abused males had nearly 3 times the odds of heart attack compared to non-abused males (OR=2.96; 95% CI=1.12, 7.85). Among women, CSA was not associated with heart attack in the age-race adjusted (OR=1.20; 95% CI=0.39, 3.68) or fully-adjusted (OR=0.88; 95% CI=0.28, 2.75) analyses. CONCLUSIONS CSA was associated with heart attack in men, even when controlling for traditional risk factors; however, no association was found among women. Future research is needed to replicate the study's unique findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Boynton-Jarrett R, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA. Child and adolescent abuse in relation to obesity in adulthood: the Black Women's Health Study. Pediatrics 2012; 130:245-53. [PMID: 22753562 PMCID: PMC3408680 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of physical and sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence with risk of adult obesity among black women in the United States. METHODS Participants were women enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study begun in 1995. In 2005, 33298 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on early life experiences of abuse. Log-binomial regression models were used to derive risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation of child/teenager abuse with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and central adiposity (waist circumference >35 inches) reported in 2005. RESULTS The RR for BMI ≥ 30, a measure of overall obesity, was 1.29 (95% CI 1.20-1.38) for the highest severity of exposure to child/teenager physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse. After controlling for postulated intermediates, including reproductive history, diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic status, the RR was 1.14 (95% CI 1.08-1.21). The RR for waist circumference >35 inches, which measures central obesity, for severe physical and sexual abuse relative to no abuse was 1.29 (95% CI 1.19-1.38) before adjustment for intermediates and 1.18 (95% CI 1.10-1.27) after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Early life sexual and physical abuse was associated with an increased risk of overall and central obesity in adulthood. Although the association between abuse and obesity was explained to some extent by health behaviors, reproductive history, and mental health, these factors did not fully account for the associations. Our data suggest that early life adversity is related to adult body size and weight distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah A. Boggs
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren A. Wise
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schneiderman JU, Mennen FE, Negriff S, Trickett PK. Overweight and obesity among maltreated young adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2012; 36:370-8. [PMID: 22571911 PMCID: PMC3359392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To identify and compare rates of body mass index (BMI)≥ 85% (overweight/obesity) and BMI ≥ 95% (obesity) in maltreated versus comparison young adolescents; (2) to determine whether demographic/psychological characteristics are related to high BMI; (3) to determine whether type of maltreatment is related to high BMI in maltreated young adolescents. METHODS We compared a sample of maltreated young adolescents to a comparison sample of adolescents from the same neighborhood. The maltreated sample (n=303) of young adolescents (ages 9-12) came from referrals from the county child welfare department in Los Angeles, CA from new cases of maltreatment opened in specified zip codes. A comparison sample (n=151) was recruited from the same zip codes. The total sample (both maltreated and comparison) was 77% Black or Hispanic and 23% White or biracial with 53% males and 47% females. A stepwise logistic regression was used to examine predictors of high BMI with demographic/psychological covariates and maltreatment group. The maltreated young adolescents were selected and the logistic model included all covariates as well as an interaction between gender and each maltreatment type (neglect, sexual, and physical abuse). RESULTS Maltreated young adolescents were similar to comparison adolescents in obesity prevalence (27.1% and 34.4%, respectively), although comparison young adolescents were 1.7 times more likely to have overweight/obesity than the maltreated young adolescents (95% CI=1.13-2.76). No demographic variables predicted high BMI. For the comparison young adolescents, depression slightly increased the odds of overweight/obesity (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.15). Being neglected reduced the odds of being in the overweight/obesity and obesity group when combining genders. For females, but not males, sexual and physical abuse slightly reduced the odds of obesity. CONCLUSIONS Both the maltreated and comparison young adolescents had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which puts them at risk for health problems. Maltreatment reduced the odds of having a high BMI for adolescents in this study, which is opposite to research in adults. Further exploration of the mechanism of how maltreatment is related to weight as adolescents age, with specific emphasis on differences between genders, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet U Schneiderman
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA
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Roenholt S, Beck NN, Karsberg SH, Elklit A. Post-traumatic stress symptoms and childhood abuse categories in a national representative sample for a specific age group: associations to body mass index. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2012; 3:EJPT-3-17188. [PMID: 22893831 PMCID: PMC3402103 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.17188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of specific groups such as military veterans have found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to adverse health outcomes including unhealthy weight. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms, experiences of childhood trauma and weight in a community sample. METHODS A stratified random probability survey was conducted in Denmark by the Danish National Centre for Social Research between 2008 and 2009 with 2,981 participants born in 1984, achieving a response rate of 67%. The participants were interviewed with a structured interview with questions pertaining PTSD symptomatology, exposure to childhood abuse, exposure to potentially traumatizing events, height, and weight. Underweight was defined by a body mass index (BMI) <18.5, overweight was defined by a BMI ≥25 and <30 and obesity was defined by a BMI ≥30. RESULTS PTSD symptomatology and childhood abuse were significantly associated with both underweight and overweight/obesity. Childhood emotional abuse was especially associated with underweight, whereas sexual abuse and overall abuse were particularly associated with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that health care professionals may benefit from assessing PTSD and childhood abuse in the treatment of both overweight and underweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Roenholt
- Department of Psychology, National Research Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Taylor VH, McIntyre RS, Remington G, Levitan RD, Stonehocker B, Sharma AM. Beyond pharmacotherapy: understanding the links between obesity and chronic mental illness. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2012; 57:5-12. [PMID: 22296962 DOI: 10.1177/070674371205700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While differences in weight-gain potential exist, both between and within classes of psychiatry medications, most commonly used atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants result in some degree of weight gain. This is not new information and it requires an understanding of the tolerability profiles of different treatments and their goodness of fit with specific patient phenotypes. However, this iatrogenic association represents only a piece of this obesity-mental illness dyad. The complex interplay between psychiatric illness and weight involves neurobiology, psychology, and sociological factors. Parsing the salient variables in people with mental illness is an urgent need insofar as mortality from physical health causes is the most common cause of premature mortality in people with chronic mental illness. Our review examines issues associated with common chronic mental illnesses that may underlie this association and warrant further study if we hope to clinically intervene to control this life-threatening comorbidity.
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