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Lee SI, Kim SK, Kang SW. Genetic Variants Associated with Body Mass Index Changes in Korean Adults: The Anseong and Ansan Cohorts of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:9074-9081. [PMID: 39194753 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the relationship between obesity and genetics in response to the growing obesity epidemic, research on the relationship between obesity and long-term changes in body mass index (BMI) is limited. To investigate this relationship, data from 1030 cases in the Anseong and Ansan cohorts were collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted by the Korea National Institute of Health between 2000 and 2014. Cases lacking participants' BMI data throughout the study were excluded, resulting in a final sample size of 3074. An increase or decrease in BMI was analyzed using PLINK, STRING, and DAVID, with significant differences observed in the AEN, ANKS1B, CSF1, EEF2K, FRAS1, GRIK4, PDGFC, THTPA, and TREH genes. These genes were observed to cluster with pathways related to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic processes, and endocytosis-related genes. These results suggest that several genes are involved in BMI changes and that several pathways are associated with obesity risk. Moreover, some genetic variants appear to influence BMI changes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Im Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Ryan CP, Lee NR, Carba DB, MacIsaac JL, Lin DTS, Atashzay P, Belsky DW, Kobor MS, Kuzawa CW. Pregnancy is linked to faster epigenetic aging in young women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317290121. [PMID: 38588424 PMCID: PMC11032455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317290121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A central prediction of evolutionary theory is that energy invested into reproduction comes at the expense of somatic maintenance and repair, accelerating biological aging. Supporting this prediction are findings that high fertility among women predicts shorter lifespan and poorer health later in life. However, biological aging is thought to begin before age-related health declines, limiting the applicability of morbidity and mortality for studying the aging process earlier in life. Here, we examine the relationship between reproductive history and biological aging in a sample of young (20 to 22yo) men and women from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in the Philippines (n = 1,735). We quantify biological aging using six measures, collectively known as epigenetic clocks, reflecting various facets of cellular aging, health, and mortality risk. In a subset of women, we test whether longitudinal changes in gravidity between young and early-middle adulthood (25 to 31yo) are associated with changes in epigenetic aging during that time. Cross-sectionally, gravidity was associated with all six measures of accelerated epigenetic aging in women (n = 825). Furthermore, longitudinal increases in gravidity were linked to accelerated epigenetic aging in two epigenetic clocks (n = 331). In contrast, the number of pregnancies a man reported fathering was not associated with epigenetic aging among same-aged cohort men (n = 910). These effects were robust to socioecological, environmental, and immunological factors, consistent with the hypothesis that pregnancy accelerates biological aging and that these effects can be detected in young women in a high-fertility context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen P. Ryan
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City6000, Philippines
| | - Delia B. Carba
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City6000, Philippines
| | - Julie L. MacIsaac
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David T. S. Lin
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Parmida Atashzay
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, TorontoONM5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, TorontoONM5G 1M1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4H4, Canada
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Agarwal T, Lyngdoh T, Khadgawat R, Prabhakaran D, Chandak GR, Walia GK. Genetic architecture of adiposity measures among Asians: Findings from GWAS. Ann Hum Genet 2023; 87:255-273. [PMID: 37671428 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity has gradually become a global public threat over the years with drastic increase in the attributable deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Given an increased metabolic risk among Asians as compared to Europeans for any given body mass index (BMI) and considering the differences in genetic architecture between them, the present review aims to summarize the findings from genome-wide scans for various adiposity indices and related anthropometric measures from Asian populations. The search for related studies, published till February 2022, were made on PubMed and GWAS Catalog using search strategy built with relevant keywords joined by Boolean operators. It was recorded that out of a total of 47 identified studies, maximum studies are from Korean population (n = 14), followed by Chinese (n = 7), and Japanese (n = 6). Nearly 200 loci have been identified for BMI, 660 for height, 16 for weight, 28 for circumferences (waist and hip), 32 for ratios (waist hip ratio [WHR] and thoracic hip ratio [THR]), 5 for body fat, 16 for obesity, and 28 for adiposity-related blood markers among Asians. It was observed that though, most of the loci were unique for each trait, there were 3 loci in common to BMI and WHR. Apart from validation of variants identified in European setting, there were many novel loci discovered in Asian populations. Notably, 125 novel loci form Asian studies have been reported for BMI, 47 for height, 5 for waist circumference, and 2 for adiponectin level to the existing knowledge of the genetic framework of adiposity and related measures. It is necessary to examine more advanced adiposity measures, specifically of relevance to abdominal adiposity, a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders among Asians. Moreover, in spite of being one continent, there is diversity among different ethnicities across Asia in terms of lifestyle, climate, geography, genetic structure and consequently the phenotypic manifestations. Hence, it is also important to consider ethnic specific studies for identifying and validating reliable genetic variants of adiposity measures among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Agarwal
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- Genomic Research in Complex diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Provido SMP, Abris GP, Lee H, Okekunle AP, Gironella GM, Capanzana MV, Chung GH, Hong S, Yu SH, Lee CB, Lee JE. Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk factors among FiLWHEL (2014-2016), NNS (2013) and KNHANES (2013-2015) women. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:149. [PMID: 36997917 PMCID: PMC10064574 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the CVD risk factors among Filipino women (FW) in Korea and compared them with FW in the Philippines and women in Korea (KW). METHODS A cohort of 504 women from the Filipino Women's Health and Diet Study (FiLWHEL) aged 20-57 years old were age-matched (1:1 ratio) with women from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey in the Philippines and the 2013-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), lipid and glucose levels were compared across the four populations by calculating the odds ratio (OR)s and 95% confidence interval (CI)s using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Compared to KW, FW in Korea and FW in the Philippines were more than 2 and 3 times higher odds of having obesity for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥ 88 cm, respectively. However, FW in Korea had the highest odds (OR 5.51, 95% CI 3.18-9.56) of having hypertension compared to KW. FW in the Philippines had the highest odds of having dyslipidemia (compared to KW, total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL: OR 8.83, 95% CI 5.30-14.71; LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL: OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.13-4.98; and triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL: OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.59-4.22), but FW in Korea and KW had similar prevalence of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS FW in Korea had higher prevalence of obesity and hypertension, with similar prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to KW in this sample. FW in the Philippines had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to FW in Korea. Further prospective studies are warranted to examine the CVD risk factors among continental and native-born Filipino women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherlyn Mae P Provido
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Grace P Abris
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Heejin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Glen Melvin Gironella
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mario V Capanzana
- Department of Science and Technology-Food and Nutrition Research Institute, DOST Compound, Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Grace H Chung
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Child Development and Family Studies, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangmo Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, South Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, South Korea
| | - Chang Beom Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 153 Gyeongchun-ro, Guri, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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FTO Common Obesity SNPs Interact with Actionable Environmental Factors: Physical Activity, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Wine Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194202. [PMID: 36235854 PMCID: PMC9572787 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic background is estimated to play >50% in common obesity etiology. FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with BMI, typically in European cohorts. We investigated the interaction of common FTO SNPs with actionable environmental factors, namely physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and wine consumption, and verified FTO common SNPs predisposition to obesity in the Israeli population. Adults’ (>18 years old, n = 1720) FTO common SNPs data and lifestyle and nutrition habits questionnaires were analyzed using binary logistic regression models, adjusted for confounding variables (age, sex) assuming dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Eighteen FTO SNPs were associated with significant increased obesity risk and interacted with physical activity (p < 0.001), wine consumption (p < 0.014) and SSB consumption (p < 0.01). Inactive rs9939609 risk-allele carriers had significantly higher obesity risk compared to their active counterparts (OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.91−3.39 and OR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.47−5.75; p < 0.001 with 3.1 and 3.5 BMI increment for heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively). SSB consumption (≥1 serving/day) significantly raised obesity risk and wine consumption (1−3 drinks/weekly) significantly lowered obesity risk for rs9939609 risk-allele carriers (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.05−2.27; p = 0.028 and OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.47−0.79; p < 0.001, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that actionable lifestyle factors modify the common FTO obesity risk in predisposed carriers, and they have personal and public health implications.
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Zhang Q, Meng XH, Qiu C, Shen H, Zhao Q, Zhao LJ, Tian Q, Sun CQ, Deng HW. Integrative analysis of multi-omics data to detect the underlying molecular mechanisms for obesity in vivo in humans. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:15. [PMID: 35568907 PMCID: PMC9107154 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition in which genetic play an important role. Most of the systematic studies currently focuses on individual omics aspect and provide insightful yet limited knowledge about the comprehensive and complex crosstalk between various omics levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Therefore, we performed a most comprehensive trans-omics study with various omics data from 104 subjects, to identify interactions/networks and particularly causal regulatory relationships within and especially those between omic molecules with the purpose to discover molecular genetic mechanisms underlying obesity etiology in vivo in humans. RESULTS By applying differentially analysis, we identified 8 differentially expressed hub genes (DEHGs), 14 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 12 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) for obesity individually. By integrating those multi-omics biomarkers using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and network MR analyses, we identified 18 causal pathways with mediation effect. For the 20 biomarkers involved in those 18 pairs, 17 biomarkers were implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity or related diseases. CONCLUSIONS The integration of trans-omics and MR analyses may provide us a holistic understanding of the underlying functional mechanisms, molecular regulatory information flow and the interactive molecular systems among different omic molecules for obesity risk and other complex diseases/traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiang-He Meng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qiu
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Chang-Qing Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, High-Tech Development Zone of States, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Gasmi A, Mujawdiya PK, Noor S, Piscopo S, Menzel A. Lifestyle Genetics-Based Reports in the Treatment of Obesity. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2021; 76:707-719. [PMID: 35096307 PMCID: PMC8790989 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356057.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity becomes a chronic disease due to the increasing number of mortality and morbidity cases around the world. In most regions, chronic illnesses, such as obesity, are important sources of morbidity and mortality. Due to a lack of effective strategies for prevention and management, the adverse effects of obesity and related diseases on health continue to be a serious problem. Relevant information was searched from Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed using such different terms as "Obesity", "Obesity Management", "Obesity AND Physical activity", "Obesity AND Genetics", "Obesity AND Diet", and "Obesity AND Nutrigenomics". Obesity is characterized by a complex interaction of hereditary and lifestyle factors, which includes food. Diet is an environmental element that plays an important and considerable role in the management of health and reduces the risk of obesity and its comorbidities. Changes in lifestyle patterns not only help burn extra calories but also prevent the development of obesity via its modulating effect on genetic factors. Different people respond differently to an obesogenic environment. The notion of nutrigenetics emerged as a result of various genetic variations that may explain this heterogeneity. Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenetics, is the study that investigates and analyses gene variations linked to varied responses to certain foods; moreover, it links this variation to diseases, such as obesity. As a result, tailored nutrition advice based on a person's genetic profile may improve the outcomes of a specific dietary strategy and offer a novel dietary strategy to improve life quality and preventing obesity. This study concluded that physical activity and dietary interventions play an effective role in the management of obesity. Moreover, understanding of the function of the most prominent obesity-related genes, as well as the interaction between nutrition and gene expression, will help researchers design personalized treatment strategies for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - P K Mujawdiya
- Inochi Care Private Limited, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - S Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - S Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- Research and Development Department, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg
| | - A Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg
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SAINI SIMMI, WALIA GAGANDEEPKAUR, SACHDEVA MOHINDERPAL, GUPTA VIPIN. Genomics of body fat distribution. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zumaraga MP, Concepcion MA, Duante C, Rodriguez M. Next Generation Sequencing of 502 Lifestyle and Nutrition related Genetic Polymorphisms reveals Independent Loci for Low Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels among Adult Respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2021; 36:56-63. [PMID: 34177089 PMCID: PMC8214345 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.036.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study determined the relationship of serum vitamin D levels and 502 lifestyle and nutrition related genetic polymorphisms among adult respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey (NNS). METHODOLOGY A total of 1,160 adult respondents of the 2013 NNS living in the National Capital Region, Philippines were enrolled. Of the 1,160 sequenced samples, 833 passed the stringent quality control based on multiple parameters and were used for further analysis. Total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was determined using electro-chemiluminescence binding assay method. Genomic DNA was used for targeted next generation sequencing of 502 lifestyle and nutrition related polymorphisms. Analysis of variance, followed by Tukey post hoc analysis, was employed to compare 25(OH)D serum levels across genotypes. RESULTS Of the study participants, 56% was classified as having low serum 25(OH)D. The lower serum 25(OH)D was observed in the following gene/genotypes: KNG1 rs11924390 T/T; ANKH rs2454873 G/G; NPFFR2 rs4129733 T/G; SH2B1 rs4788102 G/A; RAP1A rs494453 T/T and CRHBP rs7728378 T/C. These genes were previously associated to the risk of osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stress response. CONCLUSION Large-scale analysis of genes has shown great utility in the discovery of genetic factors that play a role in vitamin D nutrition. Interestingly, loci found in this Filipino population cohort were mostly independent from the canonical vitamin D synthesis and metabolism pathways. Understanding how genetic variations interact with nutrition and lifestyle may aid in the prevention of diseases through screening and identification of susceptible patients who would not benefit from regular supplementation with vitamin D because of genetic alterations and may also be used as basis for future development of functional food enriched with vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pretzel Zumaraga
- Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Mae Anne Concepcion
- Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Charmaine Duante
- Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Marietta Rodriguez
- Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Bicutan, Taguig City, Philippines
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Interaction between the genetic risk score and dietary protein intake on cardiometabolic traits in Southeast Asian. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:19. [PMID: 33045981 PMCID: PMC7552350 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic diseases are complex traits which are influenced by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, analysing the combined effects of multiple gene variants might provide a better understanding of disease risk than using a single gene variant approach. Furthermore, studies have found that the effect of SNPs on cardiometabolic traits can be influenced by lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance of analysing gene-lifestyle interactions. Aims In the present study, we investigated the association of 15 gene variants with cardiometabolic traits and examined whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and physical activity. Methods The study included 110 Minangkabau women [aged 25–60 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.13 ± 4.2 kg/m2] from Padang, Indonesia. All participants underwent a physical examination followed by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary assessments and genetic tests. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 15 cardiometabolic disease-related SNPs. The effect of GRS on cardiometabolic traits was analysed using general linear models. GRS-lifestyle interactions on continuous outcomes were tested by including the interaction term (e.g. lifestyle factor*GRS) in the regression model. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and location (rural or urban), wherever appropriate. Results There was a significant association between GRS and BMI, where individuals carrying 6 or more risk alleles had higher BMI compared to those carrying 5 or less risk alleles (P = 0.018). Furthermore, there were significant interactions of GRS with protein intake on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride concentrations (Pinteraction = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Among women who had a lower protein intake (13.51 ± 1.18% of the total daily energy intake), carriers of six or more risk alleles had significantly lower WC and triglyceride concentrations compared with carriers of five or less risk alleles (P = 0.0118 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our study confirmed the association of GRS with higher BMI and further showed a significant effect of the GRS on WC and triglyceride levels through the influence of a low-protein diet. These findings suggest that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among Southeast Asian women.
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Livingstone I, Uversky VN, Furniss D, Wiberg A. The Pathophysiological Significance of Fibulin-3. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1294. [PMID: 32911658 PMCID: PMC7563619 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-3 (also known as EGF-containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1)) is a secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein, encoded by the EFEMP1 gene that belongs to the eight-membered fibulin protein family. It has emerged as a functionally unique member of this family, with a diverse array of pathophysiological associations predominantly centered on its role as a modulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) biology. Fibulin-3 is widely expressed in the human body, especially in elastic-fibre-rich tissues and ocular structures, and interacts with enzymatic ECM regulators, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3). A point mutation in EFEMP1 causes an inherited early-onset form of macular degeneration called Malattia Leventinese/Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (ML/DHRD). EFEMP1 genetic variants have also been associated in genome-wide association studies with numerous complex inherited phenotypes, both physiological (namely, developmental anthropometric traits) and pathological (many of which involve abnormalities of connective tissue function). Furthermore, EFEMP1 expression changes are implicated in the progression of numerous types of cancer, an area in which fibulin-3 has putative significance as a therapeutic target. Here we discuss the potential mechanistic roles of fibulin-3 in these pathologies and highlight how it may contribute to the development, structural integrity, and emergent functionality of the ECM and connective tissues across a range of anatomical locations. Its myriad of aetiological roles positions fibulin-3 as a molecule of interest across numerous research fields and may inform our future understanding and therapeutic approach to many human diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Livingstone
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; (I.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; (I.L.); (D.F.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; (I.L.); (D.F.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Masterson EE, Hayes MG, Kuzawa CW, Lee NR, Eisenberg DT. Early life growth and adult telomere length in a Filipino cohort study. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23299. [PMID: 31380592 PMCID: PMC6872908 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between early life growth patterns and blood telomere length (TL) in adulthood using conditional measures of lean and fat mass growth to evaluate potentially sensitive periods of early life growth. METHODS This study included data from 1562 individuals (53% male; age 20-22 years) participating in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, located in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines. Primary exposures included length-for-age z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) at birth and conditional measures of linear growth and weight gain during four postnatal periods: 0-6, 6-12, and 12-24 months, and 24 months to 8.5 years. TL was measured at ~21 years of age. We estimated associations using linear regression. RESULTS The study sample had an average gestational age (38.5 ± 2 weeks) and birth size (HAZ = -0.2 ± 1.1, WAZ = -0.7 ± 1.0), but by age 8.5 years had stunted linear growth (HAZ = -2.1 ± 0.9) and borderline low weight (WAZ = -1.9 ± 1.0) relative to World Health Organization references. Heavier birth weight was associated with longer TL in early adulthood (P = .03), but this association was attenuated when maternal age at birth was included in the model (P = .07). Accelerated linear growth between 6 and 12 months was associated with longer TL in adulthood (P = .006), whereas weight gain between 12 and 24 months was associated with shorter TL in adulthood (P = .047). CONCLUSIONS In Cebu, individuals who were born heavier have longer TL in early adulthood, but that birthweight itself may not explain the association. Findings suggest that childhood growth is associated with the cellular senescence process in adulthood, implying early life well-being may be linked to adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Masterson
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - M. Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Christopher W. Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Dan T.A. Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation in human stature. RECENT FINDINGS Human height is an anthropometric trait that varies considerably within human populations as well as across the globe. Historically, much research focus was placed on understanding the biology of growth plate chondrocytes and how modifications to core chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation pathways potentially shaped height attainment in normal as well as pathological contexts. Recently, much progress has been made to improve our understanding regarding the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological range of height variation within as well as between human populations, and today, it is understood to reflect complex interactions among a myriad of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors. Indeed, recent improvements in genetics (e.g., GWAS) and breakthroughs in functional genomics (e.g., whole exome sequencing, DNA methylation analysis, ATAC-sequencing, and CRISPR) have shed light on previously unknown pathways/mechanisms governing pathological and common height variation. Additionally, the use of an evolutionary perspective has also revealed important mechanisms that have shaped height variation across the planet. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying height variation by highlighting new research findings on skeletal growth control with an emphasis on previously unknown pathways/mechanisms influencing pathological and common height variation. In this context, this review also discusses how evolutionary forces likely shaped the genomic architecture of height across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Carbonell AU, Cho CH, Tindi JO, Counts PA, Bates JC, Erdjument-Bromage H, Cvejic S, Iaboni A, Kvint I, Rosensaft J, Banne E, Anagnostou E, Neubert TA, Scherer SW, Molholm S, Jordan BA. Haploinsufficiency in the ANKS1B gene encoding AIDA-1 leads to a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3529. [PMID: 31388001 PMCID: PMC6684583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, have complex polygenic etiologies. Single-gene mutations in patients can help define genetic factors and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we describe individuals with monogenic heterozygous microdeletions in ANKS1B, a predicted risk gene for autism and neuropsychiatric diseases. Affected individuals present with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. Neurons generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells demonstrate loss of the ANKS1B-encoded protein AIDA-1, a brain-specific protein highly enriched at neuronal synapses. A transgenic mouse model of Anks1b haploinsufficiency recapitulates a range of patient phenotypes, including social deficits, hyperactivity, and sensorimotor dysfunction. Identification of the AIDA-1 interactome using quantitative proteomics reveals protein networks involved in synaptic function and the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings formalize a link between the synaptic protein AIDA-1 and a rare, previously undefined genetic disease we term ANKS1B haploinsufficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail U Carbonell
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Jaafar O Tindi
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Pamela A Counts
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Juliana C Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Cvejic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, M46 1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Ifat Kvint
- Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Jenny Rosensaft
- Genetics Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ehud Banne
- Genetics Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, M46 1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Cell Biology and Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Centre for Applied Genomics and McLaughlin Centre, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, M56 0A4, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Molholm
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA
| | - Bryen A Jordan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, NY, USA.
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15
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Younis RM, Taylor RM, Beardsley PM, McClay JL. The ANKS1B gene and its associated phenotypes: focus on CNS drug response. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:669-684. [PMID: 31250731 PMCID: PMC6912848 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ANKS1B gene was a top finding in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of antipsychotic drug response. Subsequent GWAS findings for ANKS1B include cognitive ability, educational attainment, body mass index, response to corticosteroids and drug dependence. We review current human association evidence for ANKS1B, in addition to functional studies that include two published mouse knockouts. The several GWAS findings in humans indicate that phenotypically relevant variation is segregating at the ANKS1B locus. ANKS1B shows strong plausibility for involvement in CNS drug response because it encodes a postsynaptic effector protein that mediates long-term changes to neuronal biology. Forthcoming data from large biobanks should further delineate the role of ANKS1B in CNS drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabha M Younis
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- Center for Military Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MA 20910, USA
| | - Patrick M Beardsley
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Center for Biomarker Research & Personalized Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph L McClay
- Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Ozdemir Erdoğan M, Avci K, Yildiz SH, Arikan Terzi ES, Söylemez Z, Varol N, Solak M. Effect of gene polymorphisms in transmembrane protein 18 ( TMEM18) and neuronal growth regulator 1 ( NEGR1) on body mass index in obese subjects. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1533430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Müjgan Ozdemir Erdoğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Kamuran Avci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Saliha Handan Yildiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Evrim Suna Arikan Terzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Zafer Söylemez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Nuray Varol
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Solak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Tennyson RL, Gettler LT, Kuzawa CW, Hayes MG, Agustin SS, Eisenberg DTA. Lifetime socioeconomic status and early life microbial environments predict adult blood telomere length in the Philippines. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23145. [PMID: 30129279 PMCID: PMC6192840 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychosocial stress is postulated to hasten senescence in part by accelerating the shortening of telomere length (TL). One pathway through which this may happen is via increasing inflammation and innate immune system activation-a pathway which recent studies suggest acts more strongly for those who grew up in low microbial environments. Thus, we hypothesized that: (1) Psychosocial stress will be inversely associated with TL, (2) early life microbial environments will predict TL, and (3) microbial environments will moderate the association between psychosocial stress and TL. METHODS We utilized data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey based in the Philippines (N = 1410). We determined early life microbial environments by season of birth and exposure to animal feces. Psychosocial stress measures included perceived stress in adulthood, lifetime socioeconomic status (SES), and parental instability in childhood. TL was measured in blood from young adults by qPCR. RESULTS Contrary to predictions, we found that higher SES was associated with shorter TL and no association of TL with the other stress variables. Individuals born in the higher microbial exposure season had shorter TL, but early life microbial environments did not moderate the association between psychosocial stress and TL. CONCLUSIONS The unexpected inverse association between SES and TL suggests that higher SES, while indexing lower psychosocial stress, may impact TL more strongly through nonstress factors in the Philippines, such as unhealthy behavior. The inverse association between microbial environments and TL is consistent with other evidence connecting early life infections to decreased life expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Tennyson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Cells 2 Society: the Center for Social Disparities and Health, Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - M. Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Sonny S Agustin
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Dan TA Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington
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AMPK activation negatively regulates GDAP1, which influences metabolic processes and circadian gene expression in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2018; 16:12-23. [PMID: 30093355 PMCID: PMC6157647 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We sought to identify AMPK-regulated genes via bioinformatic analysis of microarray data generated from skeletal muscle of animal models with genetically altered AMPK activity. We hypothesized that such genes would play a role in metabolism. Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a gene which plays a role in mitochondrial fission and peroxisomal function in neuronal cells but whose function in skeletal muscle is undescribed, was identified and further validated. AMPK activation reduced GDAP1 expression in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 expression was elevated in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients but decreased after acute exercise. Methods The metabolic impact of GDAP1 silencing was determined in primary skeletal muscle cells via siRNA-transfections. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize whether silencing GDAP1 impacted mitochondrial network morphology and membrane potential. Results GDAP1 silencing increased mitochondrial protein abundance, decreased palmitate oxidation, and decreased non-mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial morphology was unaltered by GDAP1 silencing. GDAP1 silencing and treatment of cells with AMPK agonists altered several genes in the core molecular clock machinery. Conclusion We describe a role for GDAP1 in regulating mitochondrial proteins, circadian genes, and metabolic flux in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our results implicate GDAP1 in the circadian control of metabolism. Transcriptomic studies reveal GDAP1 mRNA is inversely associated with AMPK activity. GDAP1 silencing increases mitochondrial protein abundance in skeletal muscle. GDAP1 silencing influences expression of core molecular clock machinery. GDAP1 is a AMPK target involved in metabolism and circadian gene expression.
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Ryan CP, Hayes MG, Lee NR, McDade TW, Jones MJ, Kobor MS, Kuzawa CW, Eisenberg DTA. Reproduction predicts shorter telomeres and epigenetic age acceleration among young adult women. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11100. [PMID: 30038336 PMCID: PMC6056536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory predicts that reproduction entails costs that detract from somatic maintenance, accelerating biological aging. Despite support from studies in human and non-human animals, mechanisms linking 'costs of reproduction' (CoR) to aging are poorly understood. Human pregnancy is characterized by major alterations in metabolic regulation, oxidative stress, and immune cell proliferation. We hypothesized that these adaptations could accelerate blood-derived cellular aging. To test this hypothesis, we examined gravidity in relation to telomere length (TL, n = 821) and DNA-methylation age (DNAmAge, n = 397) in a cohort of young (20-22 year-old) Filipino women. Age-corrected TL and accelerated DNAmAge both predict age-related morbidity and mortality, and provide markers of mitotic and non-mitotic cellular aging, respectively. Consistent with theoretical predictions, TL decreased (p = 0.031) and DNAmAge increased (p = 0.007) with gravidity, a relationship that was not contingent upon resource availability. Neither biomarker was associated with subsequent fertility (both p > 0.3), broadly consistent with a causal effect of gravidity on cellular aging. Our findings provide evidence that reproduction in women carries costs in the form of accelerated aging through two independent cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen P Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Thomas W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Meaghan J Jones
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Dan T A Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Identification of rs7350481 at chromosome 11q23.3 as a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese individuals by an exome-wide association study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39296-39308. [PMID: 28445147 PMCID: PMC5503614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants that influence body mass index or confer susceptibility to obesity or metabolic syndrome in Japanese. The exome-wide association study for body mass index included 12,890 subjects, and those for obesity and metabolic syndrome included 12,968 subjects (3954 individuals with obesity, 9014 controls) and 6817 subjects (3998 individuals with MetS, 2819 controls), respectively. Exome-wide association studies were performed with Illumina HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays. The relation of genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms to body mass index was examined by linear regression analysis, and that of allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms to obesity or metabolic syndrome was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. The exome-wide association studies identified six, 11, and 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms as being significantly associated with body mass index, obesity (P <1.21 × 10−6), or metabolic syndrome (P <1.20 × 10−6), respectively. Subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that three and five single nucleotide polymorphisms were related (P < 0.05) to obesity or metabolic syndrome, respectively, with one of these latter polymorphisms—rs7350481 (C/T) at chromosome 11q23.3—also being significantly (P < 3.13 × 10−4) associated with metabolic syndrome. The polymorphism rs7350481 may thus be a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes (CROT, TSC1, RIN3) and at four loci (ANKK1, ZNF804B, CSRNP3, 17p11.2) were implicated as candidate determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome, respectively.
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21
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Akbarian SA, Salehi-Abargouei A, Pourmasoumi M, Kelishadi R, Nikpour P, Heidari-Beni M. Association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms with body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:43-56. [PMID: 28818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies with inconsistent results have assessed the association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms with prevalence of obesity and overweight. This review aims to provide a summary of the literature evaluating the relation between BDNF genotype and body mass index (BMI). METHODS A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Ovid and Cochrane was performed. We included observational studies with cross-sectional and case-control design, which investigated relationship between all kinds of BDNF polymorphisms with BMI, as a representative index of obesity and overweight. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included articles. RESULTS Thirty five studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Analyses were performed separately using OR, β coefficient and mean. Significant association were documented between rs925946 and BMI (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.08-1.17, P heterogeneity=0.317), rs10501087 and BMI (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.24, P heterogeneity=0.861), rs6265 and BMI (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.07-1.19, P heterogeneity=0.406), rs988712 and BMI (OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.18-1.40, P heterogeneity=0.602). According to pooled β coefficient analysis, significant result was only observed in the rs925946 polymorphism subgroup. Pooled mean analysis showed that overall effects for the association between BDNF polymorphisms and BMI were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that some polymorphisms in BDNF gene including rs925946, rs10501087, rs6265 and rs988712 can be considered as genetic determinants of obesity.
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Rana S, Rahmani S, Mirza S. MC4R variant rs17782313 and manifestation of obese phenotype in Pakistani females. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16957-16972. [PMID: 35540528 PMCID: PMC9080305 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00695d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MC4R represents a key player involved in melanocortin-mediated control of energy balance. Recently identified near MC4R variant rs17782313 (T > C) can serve as a contributing factor for obese phenotype but its association with obesity has never been sought in a sample of the Pakistani population. The role of genetic variants as causal factors varies across populations. Association studies in a specific population can help us to distinguish global from local gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. This is the first study that investigated the association of rs17782313 with obesity and various obesity-linked anthropometric, metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits in Pakistani subjects including 306 OW/OB (overweight and obese) and 300 NW (normal weight) individuals. The comparison of various aforementioned obesity-linked continuous and categorical variables between OW/OB and NW subjects revealed that almost all variables were found significantly aberrant (p < 0.05) in OW/OB subjects as compared to their age- and gender-matched NW controls indicating greater risk of developing various cardio-metabolic disorders. The genotyping of rs17782313 showed significant association of this variant with obesity and obesity-linked anthropometric traits in females suggesting the gender-specific effect of this variant in our population. The minor allele C increased the risk of obesity by 1.55 times (95% CI = 1.1–2.18, p = 0.01) whereas homozygous CC genotype increased the risk by 2.43 times (95% CI = 1.19–4.96, p = 0.015) in females. However, no association of rs17782313 was observed with any of the obesity-linked metabolic, physical, and behavioural traits except random eating timings. In conclusion, the current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females. This could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies elucidating which variants are truly associated with the susceptibility to develop an obese phenotype. The current study significantly contributes to the knowledge of the genetic proneness to obesity in Pakistani females and could also be helpful for forthcoming meta-analysis studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobia Rana
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Soma Rahmani
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
| | - Saad Mirza
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD)
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS)
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
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Stryjecki C, Alyass A, Meyre D. Ethnic and population differences in the genetic predisposition to human obesity. Obes Rev 2018; 19:62-80. [PMID: 29024387 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity rates have escalated to the point of a global pandemic with varying prevalence across ethnic groups. These differences are partially explained by lifestyle factors in addition to genetic predisposition to obesity. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the ethnic differences in the genetic architecture of obesity. Using examples from evolution, heritability, admixture, monogenic and polygenic studies of obesity, we provide explanations for ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity. The debate over definitions of race and ethnicity, the advantages and limitations of multi-ethnic studies and future directions of research are also discussed. Multi-ethnic studies have great potential to provide a better understanding of ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity that may result in more targeted and personalized obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stryjecki
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Alyass
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Bolormaa S, Swan AA, Brown DJ, Hatcher S, Moghaddar N, van der Werf JH, Goddard ME, Daetwyler HD. Multiple-trait QTL mapping and genomic prediction for wool traits in sheep. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:62. [PMID: 28810834 PMCID: PMC5558709 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of genomic selection to sheep breeding could lead to substantial increases in profitability of wool production due to the availability of accurate breeding values from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Several key traits determine the value of wool and influence a sheep's susceptibility to fleece rot and fly strike. Our aim was to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) and to compare three methods of combining information across traits to map polymorphisms that affect these traits. METHODS GEBV for 5726 Merino and Merino crossbred sheep were calculated using BayesR and genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) with real and imputed 510,174 SNPs for 22 traits (at yearling and adult ages) including wool production and quality, and breech conformation traits that are associated with susceptibility to fly strike. Accuracies of these GEBV were assessed using fivefold cross-validation. We also devised and compared three approximate multi-trait analyses to map pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTL): a multi-trait genome-wide association study and two multi-trait methods that use the output from BayesR analyses. One BayesR method used local GEBV for each trait, while the other used the posterior probabilities that a SNP had an effect on each trait. RESULTS BayesR and GBLUP resulted in similar average GEBV accuracies across traits (~0.22). BayesR accuracies were highest for wool yield and fibre diameter (>0.40) and lowest for skin quality and dag score (<0.10). Generally, accuracy was higher for traits with larger reference populations and higher heritability. In total, the three multi-trait analyses identified 206 putative QTL, of which 20 were common to the three analyses. The two BayesR multi-trait approaches mapped QTL in a more defined manner than the multi-trait GWAS. We identified genes with known effects on hair growth (i.e. FGF5, STAT3, KRT86, and ALX4) near SNPs with pleiotropic effects on wool traits. CONCLUSIONS The mean accuracy of genomic prediction across wool traits was around 0.22. The three multi-trait analyses identified 206 putative QTL across the ovine genome. Detailed phenotypic information helped to identify likely candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunduimijid Bolormaa
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia. .,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| | - Andrew A Swan
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Daniel J Brown
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Sue Hatcher
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nasir Moghaddar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Julius H van der Werf
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Sheep Industry Innovation, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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25
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Eisenberg DT, Borja JB, Hayes MG, Kuzawa CW. Early life infection, but not breastfeeding, predicts adult blood telomere lengths in the Philippines. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29:10.1002/ajhb.22962. [PMID: 28121388 PMCID: PMC5511763 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Telomeres are repetitive DNA at chromosomes ends that shorten with age due to cellular replication and oxidative stress. As telomeres shorten, this can eventually place limits on cell replication and contribute to senescence. Infections are common during early development and activate cellular immune responses that involve clonal expansion and oxidative stress. As such, a high infectious disease burden might shorten blood telomere length (BTL) and accelerate the pace of immune senescence. METHODS To test this, BTL measured in young adults (21.7 ± 0.3 years old) from the Philippines (N = 1,759) were linked to prospectively collected early life data on infectious burden. RESULTS As predicted, increased early life diarrheal prevalence was associated with shorter adult BTL. The association was most marked for infections experienced from 6 to 12 months, which corresponds with weaning and maximal diarrheal burden. A standard deviation increase in infections at 6-12 m predicts a 45 bp decrease in BTL, equivalent to 3.3 years of adult telomeric aging in this population. Contrary to expectations, breastfeeding duration was not associated with BTL, nor did effects vary by sex. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that infancy diarrheal disease predicts a marker of cellular aging in adult immune cells. These findings suggest that early life infectious burden may influence late life health, or alternatively, that short TL in early life increases infectious disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan T.A. Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington
| | - Judith B. Borja
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - M. Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Christopher W. Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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26
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Hong JT, Cho YS. Identification of genetic loci associated with abdominal visceral adiposity in Korean populations. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Functional limitation trajectories and their determinants among women in the Philippines. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2017; 36:863-892. [PMID: 30467456 PMCID: PMC6245607 DOI: 10.4054/demres.2017.36.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding how functional limitation patterns of women in developing countries unfold through midlife and into old age, a critical period during which the tendency to develop severe problems is fomented. OBJECTIVE Functional limitation prevalence and patterns through midlife into early old age, and their determinants, are examined among women in the Philippines. METHODS Data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study are monitored from 1994 to 2015. Patterns are categorized using group-based trajectory modeling. Predictors of group membership are modeled. RESULTS About half responding to all survey waves report functional limitation at least once over the study period. Movements in and out of functional limitation states are common. Between age 30 and 70, trajectories are categorized into four groups: 1) robust, 2) late onset, 3) early onset, and 4) recovery. Being married, living in a nuclear household, higher successful birth ratio, and higher education associate with favorable trajectories. More births, higher age at first birth, wealth, and urbanicity associate with less favorable trajectories. CONCLUSION Many possible routes into and out of functional limitation exist. The manifold patterns can be grouped into common trajectories. A number of earlier life characteristics associate with these trajectories. CONTRIBUTION This is the first analysis to ascertain common functional limitation trajectories and earlier life predictors among women as they age in a high fertility developing country setting. Recognizing these is an important step toward understanding global health given aging of the population and the likelihood of functional problems developing in women as they move into old age.
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28
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Graff M, North KE, Richardson AS, Young KL, Mazul AL, Highland HM, Mohlke KL, Lange LA, Lange EM, Mullan Harris K, Gordon-Larsen P. BMI loci and longitudinal BMI from adolescence to young adulthood in an ethnically diverse cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:759-768. [PMID: 28025578 PMCID: PMC5413409 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective The association of obesity susceptibility variants with change in
body mass index (BMI) across the life course is not well understood. Subjects In ancestry stratified models of 5,962 European American (EA), 2,080
African American (AA), and 1,582 Hispanic American (HA) individuals from the
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we
examined associations between 34 obesity SNPs with per year change in BMI,
measured by the slope from a growth-curve analysis of two or more BMI
measurements between adolescence and young adulthood. For SNPs nominally
associated with BMI change (p<0.05), we interrogated age differences
within data collection Wave and time differences between age categories that
overlapped between Waves. Results We found SNPs in/near FTO, MC4R, MTCH2, TFAP2B, SEC16B, and
TMEM18 were significantly associated (p<0.0015
≈ 0.05/34) with BMI change in EA and the ancestry-combined
meta-analysis. Rs9939609 in FTO met genome-wide
significance at p<5e-08 in the EA and ancestry combined analysis,
respectively [Beta(se)=0.025(0.004);Beta(se)=0.021(0.003)]. No SNPs were
significant after Bonferroni correction in AA or HA, although 5 SNPs in AA
and 4 SNPs in HA were nominally significant (p<0.05). In EA and the
ancestry-combined meta-analysis, rs3817334 near MTCH2
showed larger effects in younger respondents, while rs987237 near
TFAP2B, showed larger effects in older respondents
across all Waves. Differences in effect estimates across time for
MTCH2 and TFAP2B are suggestive of
either era or cohort effects. Conclusion The observed association between variants in/near FTO, MC4R,
MTCH2, TFAP2B, SEC16B, and TMEM18 with change in BMI from
adolescence to young adulthood suggest that the genetic effect of BMI loci
varies over time in a complex manner, highlighting the importance of
investigating loci influencing obesity risk across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - K L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K L Mohlke
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E M Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Mullan Harris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Mäkelä J, Lagström H, Pitkänen N, Kuulasmaa T, Kaljonen A, Laakso M, Niinikoski H. Genetic risk clustering increases children's body weight at 2 years of age - the STEPS Study. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:459-467. [PMID: 26663901 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic determinants have an impact on adult weight but the association between genetic determinants and weight at young age is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association between genetic risk scores and early growth from birth to 2 years of age. METHODS Genetic risk scores of 83 adiposity-related or obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (genetic risk score [GRS]83) were calculated for 1278 children. Specific phenotype score for 16 weight-related SNPs (weightGRS) was calculated. Anthropometric data were obtained at birth, 13 months and 2 years of age. RESULTS The GRS83 was associated with weight at 13 months (β = 0.080, P = 0.015) and 2 years (β = 0.080, P = 0.017) of age and with weight gain from birth to 13 months (β = 0.069, P = 0.036) and to 2 years of age (β = 0.074, P = 0.028). At 2 years of age, the GRS83 was also associated with weight for height (β = 0.065, P = 0.046), weight-for-height standard deviation score (SDS) (β = 0.074, P = 0.022) and body mass index SDS (β = 0.068, P = 0.045). WeightGRS was associated with higher body weight at 13 months (β = 0.081, P = 0.014) and 2 years of age (β = 0.086, P = 0.011). The genetic effect on weight varied from 0.69 to 1.89 kg at 2 years of age according to number of risk alleles. Children with high genetic risk for adiposity were heavier than children with low genetic risk at 2 years of age (12.8 vs. 13.4 kg, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION The GRS 83 revealed increased genetic risk for higher weight in children already at 13 months and 2 years of age, which may result in increased obesity risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mäkelä
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - H Lagström
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - N Pitkänen
- Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - T Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Kaljonen
- Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Rose P, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. H 2S biosynthesis and catabolism: new insights from molecular studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1391-1412. [PMID: 27844098 PMCID: PMC5357297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has profound biological effects within living organisms and is now increasingly being considered alongside other gaseous signalling molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Conventional use of pharmacological and molecular approaches has spawned a rapidly growing research field that has identified H2S as playing a functional role in cell-signalling and post-translational modifications. Recently, a number of laboratories have reported the use of siRNA methodologies and genetic mouse models to mimic the loss of function of genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of H2S within tissues. Studies utilising these systems are revealing new insights into the biology of H2S within the cardiovascular system, inflammatory disease, and in cell signalling. In light of this work, the current review will describe recent advances in H2S research made possible by the use of molecular approaches and genetic mouse models with perturbed capacities to generate or detoxify physiological levels of H2S gas within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Life Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7TS, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Lee Kong Chian Wing, UHL #05-02R, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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31
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Swerdlow DI, Kuchenbaecker KB, Shah S, Sofat R, Holmes MV, White J, Mindell JS, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ, Whittaker JC, Casas JP, Hingorani AD. Selecting instruments for Mendelian randomization in the wake of genome-wide association studies. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1600-1616. [PMID: 27342221 PMCID: PMC5100611 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies typically assess the pathogenic relevance of environmental exposures or disease biomarkers, using genetic variants that instrument these exposures. The approach is gaining popularity-our systematic review reveals a greater than 10-fold increase in MR studies published between 2004 and 2015. When the MR paradigm was first proposed, few biomarker- or exposure-related genetic variants were known, most having been identified by candidate gene studies. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now providing a rich source of potential instruments for MR analysis. Many early reviews covering the concept, applications and analytical aspects of the MR technique preceded the surge in GWAS, and thus the question of how best to select instruments for MR studies from the now extensive pool of available variants has received insufficient attention. Here we focus on the most common category of MR studies-those concerning disease biomarkers. We consider how the selection of instruments for MR analysis from GWAS requires consideration of: the assumptions underlying the MR approach; the biology of the biomarker; the genome-wide distribution, frequency and effect size of biomarker-associated variants (the genetic architecture); and the specificity of the genetic associations. Based on this, we develop guidance that may help investigators to plan and readers interpret MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Swerdlow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK .,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sonia Shah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK.,Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon White
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer S Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Genetics Division, Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, NFSP, Harlow, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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32
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Michenet A, Saintilan R, Venot E, Phocas F. Insights into the genetic variation of maternal behavior and suckling performance of continental beef cows. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:45. [PMID: 27335091 PMCID: PMC4918023 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In beef cattle, maternal care is critical for calf survival and growth. Our objective was to evaluate the major sources of additive genetic variation in maternal behavior and suckling performance in two genetically close beef breeds. METHODS Maternal performance was assessed based on maternal behavior (MB), milk yield (MY) and udder swelling score (US) of 1236 Blonde d'Aquitaine cows and 1048 Limousin cows. MB was scored just after calving to describe the intensity of the dam's protective behavior towards her calf. Most of the cows were genotyped using the low-density chip EuroG10K BeadChip, and imputed to the high-density 770K panel within breed. Genetic parameters for each trait were estimated for each breed under a multi-trait best linear unbiased prediction animal model. Genomic analysis was performed for each breed using the high-density genotypes and a Bayesian variable selection method. RESULTS Heritabilities were low for MB (0.11-0.13), intermediate for MY (0.33-0.45) and high for US (0.47-0.64). Genetic correlations between the traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.58 and 0.72 to 0.99 for the Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousin breeds, respectively. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for MB in Blonde d'Aquitaine with NPY1R and ADRA2A as candidate causative genes. Thirty to 56 QTL were detected for MY and US in both breeds and 12 candidate genes were identified as having a role in the genetic variation of suckling performance. Since very few pleiotropic QTL were detected, there was little biological explanation for the moderate (0.57) to very high (0.99) genetic correlations estimated between MY and US in the Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousin cows, respectively. In Blonde d'Aquitaine, the correlation was largely due to the pleiotropic QTL detected in the region upstream of the CG gene, while in Limousin, this region was only identified for US, thus attesting the difference in genetic architecture between the breeds. CONCLUSIONS Our findings question the assumption that two populations that have close genetic links share many QTL. Nevertheless, we identified four candidate genes that may explain a substantial amount of the genetic variation in suckling performance of these two breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Michenet
- />GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- />AURIVA, Les Nauzes, 81580 Soual, France
| | - Romain Saintilan
- />GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- />ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Eric Venot
- />GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Phocas
- />GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing blood pressure (BP) response to the β-blocker atenolol. METHODS Genome-wide association analysis of BP response to atenolol monotherapy was performed in 233 white participants with uncomplicated hypertension in the pharmacogenomic evaluation of antihypertensive responses study. Forty-two polymorphisms with P less than 10 for association with either diastolic or systolic response to atenolol monotherapy were validated in four independent groups of hypertensive individuals (total n = 2114). RESULTS In whites, two polymorphisms near the gene PTPRD (rs12346562 and rs1104514) were associated with DBP response to atenolol (P = 3.2 × 10 and P = 5.9 × 10, respectively) with directionally opposite association for response to hydrochlorothiazide in another group of 228 whites (P = 0.0018 and P = 0.00012). A different polymorphism (rs10739150) near PTPRD was associated with response to atenolol in 150 black hypertensive individuals (P = 8.25 × 10). rs12346562 had a similar trend in association with response to bisoprolol (a different β-blocker) in 207 Finnish men in the genetics of drug responsiveness in essential hypertension study. In addition, an intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs4742610) in the PTPRD gene was associated with resistant hypertension in whites and Hispanics in the international verapamil SR trandolapril study (meta-analysis P = 3.2 × 10). CONCLUSION PTPRD was identified as a novel locus potentially associated with BP response to atenolol and resistant hypertension in multiple ethnic groups.
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34
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Wen W, Kato N, Hwang JY, Guo X, Tabara Y, Li H, Dorajoo R, Yang X, Tsai FJ, Li S, Wu Y, Wu T, Kim S, Guo X, Liang J, Shungin D, Adair LS, Akiyama K, Allison M, Cai Q, Chang LC, Chen CH, Chen YT, Cho YS, Choi BY, Gao Y, Go MJ, Gu D, Han BG, He M, Hixson JE, Hu Y, Huang T, Isono M, Jung KJ, Kang D, Kim YJ, Kita Y, Lee J, Lee NR, Lee J, Wang Y, Liu JJ, Long J, Moon S, Nakamura Y, Nakatochi M, Ohnaka K, Rao D, Shi J, Sull JW, Tan A, Ueshima H, Wu C, Xiang YB, Yamamoto K, Yao J, Ye X, Yokota M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Qi L, Rotter JI, Jee SH, Lin D, Mohlke KL, He J, Mo Z, Wu JY, Tai ES, Lin X, Miki T, Kim BJ, Takeuchi F, Zheng W, Shu XO. Genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new loci for waist-hip ratio and waist circumference. Sci Rep 2016; 6:17958. [PMID: 26785701 PMCID: PMC4726286 DOI: 10.1038/srep17958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixty genetic loci associated with abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), have been previously identified, primarily from studies conducted in European-ancestry populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of associations of abdominal obesity with approximately 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 53,052 (for WC) and 48,312 (for WHR) individuals of Asian descent, and replicated 33 selected SNPs among 3,762 to 17,110 additional individuals. We identified four novel loci near the EFEMP1, ADAMTSL3 , CNPY2, and GNAS genes that were associated with WC after adjustment for body mass index (BMI); two loci near the NID2 and HLA-DRB5 genes associated with WHR after adjustment for BMI, and three loci near the CEP120, TSC22D2, and SLC22A2 genes associated with WC without adjustment for BMI. Functional enrichment analyses revealed enrichment of corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling, GNRH signaling, and/or CDK5 signaling pathways for those newly-identified loci. Our study provides additional insight on genetic contribution to abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic &Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 205 02, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Allison
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Li-Ching Chang
- National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yutang Gao
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jin Go
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Division of Population Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Meian He
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanling Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Keum Ji Jung
- Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshikuni Kita
- Department of Nursing, Tsuruga University of Nursing, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nanette R Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation Inc., University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Sanghoon Moon
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.,Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Bioinformatics Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Keizo Ohnaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dabeeru Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | | | - Aihua Tan
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.,Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokota
- Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute &Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- National Center for Genome Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tetsuro Miki
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1628655, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
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Han J. Rare Syndromes and Common Variants of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene in Human Obesity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:75-95. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bethancourt HJ, Kratz M, Beresford SAA, Hayes MG, Kuzawa CW, Duazo PL, Borja JB, Eisenberg DTA. No association between blood telomere length and longitudinally assessed diet or adiposity in a young adult Filipino population. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:295-308. [PMID: 26497538 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Telomeres, DNA-protein structures that cap and protect chromosomes, are thought to shorten more rapidly when exposed to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Diet and nutritional status may be a source of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, relationships between telomere length (TL) and diet or adiposity have primarily been studied cross-sectionally among older, overweight/obese populations and yielded inconsistent results. Little is known about the relationship between diet or body composition and TL among younger, low- to normal-weight populations. It also remains unclear how cumulative exposure to a specific diet or body composition during the years of growth and development, when telomere attrition is most rapid, may be related to TL in adulthood. METHODS In a sample of 1459 young adult Filipinos, we assessed the relationship between blood TL at ages 20.8-22.5 and measures of BMI z-score, waist circumference, and diet collected between the ages of 8.5 and 22.5. TL was measured using monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR, and diet was measured using multiple 24-h recalls. RESULTS We found no associations between blood TL and any of the measures of adiposity or between blood TL and the seven dietary factors examined: processed meats, fried/grilled meats and fish, non-fried fish, coconut oil, fruits and vegetables, bread and bread products, and sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS Considering the inconsistencies in the literature and our null results, small differences in body composition and consumption of any single pro- or anti-inflammatory dietary component may not by themselves have a meaningful impact on telomere integrity, or the impact may differ across distinct ecological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Bethancourt
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mario Kratz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher W Kuzawa
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Paulita L Duazo
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Judith B Borja
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Daniel T A Eisenberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Jin HS, Kim J, Park S, Park E, Kim BY, Choi VN, Yoo YH, Kim BT, Jeong SY. Association of the I264T variant in the sulfide quinone reductase-like (SQRDL) gene with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135285. [PMID: 26258864 PMCID: PMC4530967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility variants for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women, we performed a genome-wide association analysis of 1180 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in 405 individuals with osteoporosis and 722 normal controls of the Korean Association Resource cohort. A logistic regression analysis revealed 72 nsSNPs that showed a significant association with osteoporosis (p<0.05). The top 10 nsSNPs showing the lowest p-values (p = 5.2×10-4-8.5×10-3) were further studied to investigate their effects at the protein level. Based on the results of an in silico prediction of the protein's functional effect based on amino acid alterations and a sequence conservation evaluation of the amino acid residues at the positions of the nsSNPs among orthologues, we selected one nsSNP in the SQRDL gene (rs1044032, SQRDL I264T) as a meaningful genetic variant associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. To assess whether the SQRDL I264T variant played a functional role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we examined the in vitro effect of the nsSNP on bone remodeling. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant in the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of osteoblastogenesis markers, Runx2, Sp7, and Bglap genes, whereas the SQRDL wild type had no effect or a negative effect on osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant did not affect osteoclast differentiation of the primary-cultured monocytes. The known effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on bone remodeling may explain the findings of the current study, which demonstrated the functional role of the H2S-catalyzing enzyme SQRDL I264T variant in osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the results of the statistical and experimental analyses indicate that the SQRDL I264T nsSNP may be a significant susceptibility variant for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women that is involved in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Division of Intractable Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vit-Na Choi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom-Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Gervasini G, Gamero-Villarroel C. Discussing the putative role of obesity-associated genes in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1287-1305. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the identification of mutations clearly related to Mendelian forms of obesity; genome-wide association studies and follow-up studies have in the last years pinpointed several loci associated with BMI. These genetic alterations are located in or near genes expressed in the hypothalamus that are involved in the regulation of eating behavior. Accordingly, it seems plausible that these SNPs, or others located in related genes, could also help develop aberrant conduct patterns that favor the establishment of eating disorders should other susceptibility factors or personality dimensions be present. However, and somewhat surprisingly, with few exceptions such as BDNF, the great majority of the genes governing these pathways remain untested in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. In the present work, we review the few existing studies, but also indications and biological concepts that point to these genes in the CNS as good candidates for association studies with eating disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, E-06005, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Gamero-Villarroel
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, E-06005, Badajoz, Spain
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Yako YY, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Balti EV, Matsha TE, Sobngwi E, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP. Genetic association studies of obesity in Africa: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2015; 16:259-72. [PMID: 25641693 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in Africa, but the underlying genetic background largely remains unknown. We assessed existing evidence on genetic determinants of obesity among populations within Africa. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched and the bibliographies of retrieved articles were examined. Included studies had to report on the association of a genetic marker with obesity indices and the presence/occurrence of obesity/obesity trait. Data were extracted on study design and characteristics, genetic determinants and effect estimates of associations with obesity indices. According to this data, over 300 polymorphisms in 42 genes have been studied in various population groups within Africa mostly through the candidate gene approach. Polymorphisms in genes such as ACE, ADIPOQ, ADRB2, AGRP, AR, CAPN10, CD36, C7orf31, DRD4, FTO, MC3R, MC4R, SGIP1 and LEP were found to be associated with various measures of obesity. Of the 36 polymorphisms previously validated by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) elsewhere, only FTO and MC4R polymorphisms showed significant associations with obesity in black South Africans, Nigerians and Ghanaians. However, these data are insufficient to establish the true nature of genetic susceptibility to obesity in populations within Africa. There has been recent progress in describing the genetic architecture of obesity among populations within Africa. This effort needs to be sustained via GWAS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yako
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Apalasamy YD, Mohamed Z. Obesity and genomics: role of technology in unraveling the complex genetic architecture of obesity. Hum Genet 2015; 134:361-74. [PMID: 25687726 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that occurs as a result of the interaction between "obesogenic" environmental factors and genetic components. Although the genetic component of obesity is clear from the heritability studies, the genetic basis remains largely elusive. Successes have been achieved in identifying the causal genes for monogenic obesity using animal models and linkage studies, but these approaches are not fruitful for polygenic obesity. The developments of genome-wide association approach have brought breakthrough discovery of genetic variants for polygenic obesity where tens of new susceptibility loci were identified. However, the common SNPs only accounted for a proportion of heritability. The arrival of NGS technologies and completion of 1000 Genomes Project have brought other new methods to dissect the genetic architecture of obesity, for example, the use of exome genotyping arrays and deep sequencing of candidate loci identified from GWAS to study rare variants. In this review, we summarize and discuss the developments of these genetic approaches in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamunah Devi Apalasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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41
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Duan DM, Wu S, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Lin JF, Sun YC, Cheng CF, Ko YL. Associations between TRPV4 genotypes and body mass index in Taiwanese subjects. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1357-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-0996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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42
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Association of EFEMP1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of glioma: A hospital-based case-control study in a Chinese Han population. J Neurol Sci 2015; 349:54-9. [PMID: 25638659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein1 (EFEMP1) gene was relative with the formation and development of tumors and had an anti-angiogenic function. Recently, many studies investigating the function of EFEMP1 gene, including its roles in prostate cancer and glioma, have been reported. EFEMP1 suppressed glioma growth by modulating EGFR and AKT signaling pathway or promoted growth through the regulation of Notch pathway were identified. However, the susceptibility of EFEMP1and glioma has not been well studied to date. Here, the authors were aimed to investigate whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of EFEMP1 were associated with glioma susceptibility. METHODS The authors genotyped 14 common tagging SNPs of EFEMP1 gene via the Sequenom Mass ARRYiPLEX platform and assessed their association with glioma risk in a hospital-based case-control study in a Chinese Han population (979 cases and 1007 controls). RESULTS Four SNPs were significant associated with glioma risk (rs1346787, P=0.004, adjusted OR=1.49; rs3791679, P=0.014, adjusted OR=1.27; rs1346786, P=0.002, adjusted OR=1.41; rs3791675, P=0.011, adjusted OR=1.27). In further stratified analysis, all the significant SNPs except rs1346787 were associated with both low-grade gliomas and glioblastoma (GBM). In haplotype analysis, 4 haplotype blocks were identified and 2 of them were revealed significant associated with glioma, the haplotype "AA" (adjusted OR=1.44, P=0.005) in block 1 and haplotype "GG" (adjusted OR=1.65, P=0.0004) in block 2 had a 44% and 65% increased glioma risk respectively, compared with corresponding non-carriers. The results of haplotype analysis were significantly consistent with the single-locus analysis. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results suggested that common genetic variants in EFEMP1 gene were associated with glioma and contributed to glioma susceptibility, which might help to reveal the mechanism of gliomas and provide new insight for the diagnosis and treatment.
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Valera B, Sohani Z, Rana A, Poirier P, Anand SS. The ethnoepidemiology of obesity. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:131-41. [PMID: 25661548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity varies significantly across ethnic groups and among aboriginal people in Canada and appears to be increasing overall in children and youth, which will have significant health consequences in the future. Individual health behaviours, genetic predisposition, and community-level factors all contribute to the high burden of overweight and obesity across communities in Canada. Preliminary studies indicate that individuals who live in neighbourhoods in Canada with increased walkability, fewer fast food outlets, and higher socioeconomic status have lower rates of overweight/obesity when compared with other neighbourhoods. However, more research is required to understand the impact of community level factors on overweight/obesity trends in Canadian ethnic groups, including children and youth, and aboriginal people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Valera
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Zahra Sohani
- Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesha Rana
- Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Genomics Program, Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Cox DG. The genetics of breast cancer susceptibility — Polymorphism and the prospect of their use in a clinical setting. ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-014-2452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Goni L, Milagro FI, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms and DNA methylation markers associated with central obesity and regulation of body weight. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:673-90. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; Centre for Nutrition Research; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CIBER Fisiología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
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Du M, Auer PL, Jiao S, Haessler J, Altshuler D, Boerwinkle E, Carlson CS, Carty CL, Chen YDI, Curtis K, Franceschini N, Hsu L, Jackson R, Lange LA, Lettre G, Monda KL, Nickerson DA, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rosse SA, Rotter JI, Willer CJ, Wilson JG, North K, Kooperberg C, Heard-Costa N, Peters U. Whole-exome imputation of sequence variants identified two novel alleles associated with adult body height in African Americans. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6607-15. [PMID: 25027330 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult body height is a quantitative trait for which genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci, primarily in European populations. These loci, comprising common variants, explain <10% of the phenotypic variance in height. We searched for novel associations between height and common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) or infrequent (0.5% < MAF < 5%) variants across the exome in African Americans. Using a reference panel of 1692 African Americans and 471 Europeans from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Exome Sequencing Project (ESP), we imputed whole-exome sequence data into 13 719 African Americans with existing array-based GWAS data (discovery). Variants achieving a height-association threshold of P < 5E-06 in the imputed dataset were followed up in an independent sample of 1989 African Americans with whole-exome sequence data (replication). We used P < 2.5E-07 (=0.05/196 779 variants) to define statistically significant associations in meta-analyses combining the discovery and replication sets (N = 15 708). We discovered and replicated three independent loci for association: 5p13.3/C5orf22/rs17410035 (MAF = 0.10, β = 0.64 cm, P = 8.3E-08), 13q14.2/SPRYD7/rs114089985 (MAF = 0.03, β = 1.46 cm, P = 4.8E-10) and 17q23.3/GH2/rs2006123 (MAF = 0.30; β = 0.47 cm; P = 4.7E-09). Conditional analyses suggested 5p13.3 (C5orf22/rs17410035) and 13q14.2 (SPRYD7/rs114089985) may harbor novel height alleles independent of previous GWAS-identified variants (r(2) with GWAS loci <0.01); whereas 17q23.3/GH2/rs2006123 was correlated with GWAS-identified variants in European and African populations. Notably, 13q14.2/rs114089985 is infrequent in African Americans (MAF = 3%), extremely rare in European Americans (MAF = 0.03%), and monomorphic in Asian populations, suggesting it may be an African-American-specific height allele. Our findings demonstrate that whole-exome imputation of sequence variants can identify low-frequency variants and discover novel variants in non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Du
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Paul L Auer
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, Biostatistics, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shuo Jiao
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher S Carlson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cara L Carty
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Keith Curtis
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rebecca Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Keri L Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Alex P Reiner
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Rosse
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA and
| | - Kari North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,
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Genome-Wide Association Studies of Genetic Impact on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases in Asians: Opportunity for Discovery. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Genome-wide association studies identified novel loci for non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its postprandial lipemic response. Hum Genet 2014; 133:919-30. [PMID: 24604477 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(NHDL) is an independent and superior predictor of CVD risk as compared to low-density lipoprotein alone. It represents a spectrum of atherogenic lipid fractions with possibly a distinct genomic signature. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify loci influencing baseline NHDL and its postprandial lipemic (PPL) response. We carried out GWAS in 4,241 participants of European descent. Our discovery cohort included 928 subjects from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study. Our replication cohorts included 3,313 subjects from the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention Heart Study and Family Heart Study. A linear mixed model using the kinship matrix was used for association tests. The best association signal was found in a tri-genic region at RHOQ-PIGF-CRIPT for baseline NHDL (lead SNP rs6544903, discovery p = 7e-7, MAF = 2 %; validation p = 6e-4 at 0.1 kb upstream neighboring SNP rs3768725, and 5e-4 at 0.7 kb downstream neighboring SNP rs6733143, MAF = 10 %). The lead and neighboring SNPs were not perfect surrogate proxies to each other (D' = 1, r (2) = 0.003) but they seemed to be partially dependent (likelihood ration test p = 0.04). Other suggestive loci (discovery p < 1e-6) included LOC100419812 and LOC100288337 for baseline NHDL, and LOC100420502 and CDH13 for NHDL PPL response that were not replicated (p > 0.01). The current and first GWAS of NHDL yielded an interesting common variant in RHOQ-PIGF-CRIPT influencing baseline NHDL levels. Another common variant in CDH13 for NHDL response to dietary high-fat intake challenge was also suggested. Further validations for both loci from large independent studies, especially interventional studies, are warranted.
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Liu AY, Gu D, Hixson JE, Rao DC, Shimmin LC, Jaquish CE, Liu DP, He J, Kelly TN. Genome-wide linkage and regional association study of obesity-related phenotypes: the GenSalt study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:545-56. [PMID: 23526746 PMCID: PMC3795915 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify chromosomal regions harboring quantitative trait loci for waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN AND METHODS A genome-wide linkage scan and regional association study WC and BMI among 633 Chinese families was conducted. RESULTS A significant linkage signal for WC was observed at 22q13.31-22q13.33 in the overall analysis (LOD = 3.13). Follow-up association study of 22q13.31-13.33 revealed an association between the TBC1D22A gene marker rs16996195 and WC (false discovery rate [FDR]-Q < 0.05). In gender-stratified analysis, suggestive linkage signals were attained for WC at 2p24.3-2q12.2 and 22q13.33 among females (LOD = 2.54 and 2.15, respectively). Among males, 6q12-6q13 was suggestively linked to BMI (LOD = 2.03). Single marker association analyses at these regions identified male-specific relationships of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 2p24.3-2q12.2 (rs100955, rs13020676, rs13014034, rs12990515, rs17024325, and rs2192712) and five SNPs at 6q12-6q13 (rs7747318, rs7767301, rs12197115, rs12203049, and rs9454847) with the obesity-related phenotypes (all FDR-Q < 0.05). At chromosome 6q12-6q13, markers rs7755450 and rs11758293 predicted BMI in females (both FDR-Q < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genomic regions on chromosomes 2, 6, and 22 which may harbor important obesity-susceptibility loci were described. Follow-up study of these regions revealed several novel variants associated with obesity related traits. Future work to confirm these promising findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Fall T, Ingelsson E. Genome-wide association studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:740-757. [PMID: 22963884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Until just a few years ago, the genetic determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome were largely unknown, with the exception of a few forms of monogenic extreme obesity. Since genome-wide association studies (GWAS) became available, large advances have been made. The first single nucleotide polymorphism robustly associated with increased body mass index (BMI) was in 2007 mapped to a gene with for the time unknown function. This gene, now known as fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) has been repeatedly replicated in several ethnicities and is affecting obesity by regulating appetite. Since the first report from a GWAS of obesity, an increasing number of markers have been shown to be associated with BMI, other measures of obesity or fat distribution and metabolic syndrome. This systematic review of obesity GWAS will summarize genome-wide significant findings for obesity and metabolic syndrome and briefly give a few suggestions of what is to be expected in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Fall
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Dept. of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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