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Radisky ES. Extracellular proteolysis in cancer: Proteases, substrates, and mechanisms in tumor progression and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107347. [PMID: 38718867 PMCID: PMC11170211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A vast ensemble of extracellular proteins influences the development and progression of cancer, shaped and reshaped by a complex network of extracellular proteases. These proteases, belonging to the distinct classes of metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and aspartic proteases, play a critical role in cancer. They often become dysregulated in cancer, with increases in pathological protease activity frequently driven by the loss of normal latency controls, diminished regulation by endogenous protease inhibitors, and changes in localization. Dysregulated proteases accelerate tumor progression and metastasis by degrading protein barriers within the extracellular matrix (ECM), stimulating tumor growth, reactivating dormant tumor cells, facilitating tumor cell escape from immune surveillance, and shifting stromal cells toward cancer-promoting behaviors through the precise proteolysis of specific substrates to alter their functions. These crucial substrates include ECM proteins and proteoglycans, soluble proteins secreted by tumor and stromal cells, and extracellular domains of cell surface proteins, including membrane receptors and adhesion proteins. The complexity of the extracellular protease web presents a significant challenge to untangle. Nevertheless, technological strides in proteomics, chemical biology, and the development of new probes and reagents are enabling progress and advancing our understanding of the pivotal importance of extracellular proteolysis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
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2
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Hatzold J, Nett V, Brantsch S, Zhang JL, Armistead J, Wessendorf H, Stephens R, Humbert PO, Iden S, Hammerschmidt M. Matriptase-dependent epidermal pre-neoplasm in zebrafish embryos caused by a combination of hypotonic stress and epithelial polarity defects. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010873. [PMID: 37566613 PMCID: PMC10446194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly up-regulated activity of the type II transmembrane protease Matriptase-1 has been associated with the development and progression of a range of epithelial-derived carcinomas, and a variety of signaling pathways can mediate Matriptase-dependent tumorigenic events. During mammalian carcinogenesis, gain of Matriptase activity often results from imbalanced ratios between Matriptase and its cognate transmembrane inhibitor Hai1. Similarly, in zebrafish, unrestrained Matriptase activity due to loss of hai1a results in epidermal pre-neoplasms already during embryogenesis. Here, based on our former findings of a similar tumor-suppressive role for the Na+/K+-pump beta subunit ATP1b1a, we identify epithelial polarity defects and systemic hypotonic stress as another mode of aberrant Matriptase activation in the embryonic zebrafish epidermis in vivo. In this case, however, a different oncogenic pathway is activated which contains PI3K, AKT and NFkB, rather than EGFR and PLD (as in hai1a mutants). Strikingly, epidermal pre-neoplasm is only induced when epithelial polarity defects in keratinocytes (leading to disturbed Matriptase subcellular localization) occur in combination with systemic hypotonic stress (leading to increased proteolytic activity of Matriptase). A similar combinatorial effect of hypotonicity and loss of epithelial polarity was also obtained for the activity levels of Matriptase-1 in human MCF-10A epithelial breast cells. Together, this is in line with the multi-factor concept of carcinogenesis, with the notion that such factors can even branch off from one and the same initiator (here ATP1a1b) and can converge again at the level of one and the same mediator (here Matriptase). In sum, our data point to tonicity and epithelial cell polarity as evolutionarily conserved regulators of Matriptase activity that upon de-regulation can constitute an alternative mode of Matriptase-dependent carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Nett
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brantsch
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joy Armistead
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Wessendorf
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Faculty of Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology–Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Despite a dearth of activating driver mutations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), aberrant activation of the oncogenes, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and c-Met is near-universal in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative disease. Although EGFR activation drove the successful development of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab in HNSCC, no c-Met-targeting therapy has gained regulatory approval. Inhibition of the c-Met pathway may subvert oncogenesis within the tumor-intrinsic compartment, blocking tumoral proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis, or the tumor-extrinsic compartment, modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the rationale and current drug development strategies for targeting c-Met or its exclusive ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in HNSCC.
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Reyes-Robles T, Olow AK, Bechtel TJ, Lesley SA, Fadeyi OO, Oslund RC. Nanoscale Mapping of EGFR and c-MET Protein Environments on Lung Cancer Cell Surfaces via Therapeutic Antibody Photocatalyst Conjugates. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2304-2314. [PMID: 35939534 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases are involved in essential signaling roles that impact cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. The overexpression or mutation of these proteins can lead to aberrant signaling that has been directly linked to a number of diseases including cancer cell formation and progression. This has led to intense clinical focus on modulating RTK activity through direct targeting of signaling activity or cell types harboring aberrant RTK behavior. In particular, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has attracted intense clinical attention due to the impact of inhibiting this RTK on tumor growth. However, mutations incurred through targeting EGFR have led to therapeutic resistance that involves not only direct mutations to the EGFR protein but also the involvement of other RTKs, such as c-MET, that can overcome therapeutic-based EGFR inhibition effects. This has, not surprisingly, led to co-targeting strategies of RTKs such as EGFR and c-MET to overcome resistance mechanisms. While the ability to co-target these proteins has led to success in the clinic, a more comprehensive understanding of their proximal environments, particularly in the context of therapeutic modalities, could further enhance both our understanding of their signaling biology and provide additional avenues for targeting these surface proteins. Thus, to investigate EGFR and c-MET protein microenvironments, we utilized our recently developed iridium photocatalyst-based microenvironment mapping technology to catalog EGFR and c-MET surface environments on non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Through this approach, we enriched EGFR and c-MET from the cell surface and identified known EGFR and c-MET associators as well as previously unidentified proximal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Aleksandra K Olow
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tyler J Bechtel
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Scott A Lesley
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Olugbeminiyi O Fadeyi
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Rob C Oslund
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
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5
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Qi B, Wang F, He H, Fan M, Hu L, Xiong L, Gong G, Shi S, Song X. Identification of (S)-1-(2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-((7-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl)urea as a potential anti-colorectal cancer agent. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114561. [PMID: 35763868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, 1-(2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-(4-((7-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)propoxy)-6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)oxy)-3,5-difluorophenyl)urea (1) was obtained as a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Further structural optimization was performed in this investigation, and a series of novel quinoline derivates were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. Among them, compound 8m possessed nanomolar c-Met and Ron inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 4.32 nM and 2.39 nM, respectively. Kinase profile study demonstrated that it could also inhibit ABL, PDGFRβ, AXL, RET, and FLT3 with submicromolar potency. It also exhibited moderate to excellent cytotoxic activity against different types of human cancer cell lines, especially against COLO 205 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM) which was remarkably superior to that of Cabozantinib (IC50 = 6.6 μM) and Fruquintinib (IC50 > 10.0 μM). Compared to ( ± )-8m, isomer (S)-8m and (R)-8m showed similar kinase inhibitory activity against c-Met/RON and in vitro anticancer activity against COLO 205 cells. Differently, compound (S)-8m showed an over 238-fold selectivity toward COLO 205 (IC50 = 0.042 μM) cells to FHC cells (IC50 > 10.0 μM), which indicated its low cytotoxicity against human normal tissue cells. Flow cytometry study demonstrated that compound (S)-8m could significantly induce apoptosis in COLO 205 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest assays showed that compound (S)-8m could not arrest the cell-cycle progression due to the massive dead cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Mengmeng Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guowei Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China
| | - Shengmin Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
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Yamashita F, Kaieda T, Shimomura T, Kawaguchi M, Lin C, Johnson MD, Tanaka H, Kiwaki T, Fukushima T, Kataoka H. Role of the polycystic kidney disease domain in matriptase chaperone activity and localization of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1. FEBS J 2022; 289:3422-3439. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Takashi Kaieda
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
- Chitose Laboratory Corp Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Chen‐Yong Lin
- Lambardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University, School of Medicine Washington DC USA
| | - Michael D Johnson
- Lambardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Georgetown University, School of Medicine Washington DC USA
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Japan
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Nonboe AW, Bald ZH, Vogel LK. Understanding HAIs: Ally proteins in the fight against cancer. FEBS J 2022; 289:3416-3418. [PMID: 35220685 PMCID: PMC9305204 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how HAI‐1 and HAI‐2 regulate the epithelial serine protease matriptase may hold the key to curing epithelial‐derived cancer. HAIs are serine protease inhibitors that inhibit matriptase and have a poorly understood effect on the presence of matriptase protein in cells. In this issue of The FEBS Journal, Yamashita et al. provide much‐needed new insights into this effect, describing it as a ‘chaperone‐like function’ of HAI‐1. However, several observations suggest that matriptase folds correctly without HAIs and that HAIs are not chaperones. We introduce the concept of ‘ally proteins’ to categorize the poorly understood function of HAIs, distinguishing them from chaperones. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16348
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika W. Nonboe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Zuzanna H. Bald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lotte K. Vogel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
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8
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Izumi A, Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi M, Yamashita F, Fukushima T, Kiwaki T, Tanaka H, Yamashita Y, Kataoka H. Insufficiency of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 confers lymphatic invasion of tongue carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:2179-2193. [PMID: 35332604 PMCID: PMC9207362 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator inhibitor type‐1 (HAI‐1), encoded by the SPINT1 gene, is a transmembrane protease inhibitor that regulates membrane‐anchored serine proteases, particularly matriptase. Here, we explored the role of HAI‐1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells. An immunohistochemical study of HAI‐1 in surgically resected TSCC revealed the cell surface immunoreactivity of HAI‐1 in the main portion of the tumor. The immunoreactivity decreased in the infiltrative front, and this decrease correlated with enhanced lymphatic invasion as judged by podoplanin immunostaining. In vitro homozygous deletion of SPINT1 (HAI‐1KO) in TSCC cell lines (HSC3 and SAS) suppressed the cell growth rate but significantly enhanced invasion in vitro. The loss of HAI‐1 resulted in enhanced pericellular activities of proteases, such as matriptase and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator, which induced activation of HGF/MET signaling in the co‐culture with pro‐HGF‐expressing fibroblasts and plasminogen‐dependent plasmin generation, respectively. The enhanced plasminogen‐dependent plasmin generation was abrogated partly by matriptase silencing. Culture supernatants of HAI‐1KO cells had enhanced potency for converting the proform of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C), a lymphangiogenesis factor, into the mature form in a plasminogen‐dependent manner. Furthermore, HGF significantly stimulated VEGF‐C expression in TSCC cells. Orthotopic xenotransplantation into nude mouse tongue revealed enhanced lymphatic invasion of HAI‐1KO TSCC cells compared to control cells. Our results suggest that HAI‐1 insufficiency leads to dysregulated pericellular protease activity, which eventually orchestrates robust activation of protease‐dependent growth factors, such as HGF and VEGF‐C, in a tumor microenvironment to contribute to TSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Izumi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwaki
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamashita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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da Silva EZM, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Yuan Y, Alves MG, Publio GA, da Fonseca CK, Kodama MH, Vieira GV, Candido MF, Innocentini LMAR, Miranda MG, da Silva AR, Alves-Filho JC, Bonato VLD, Iglesias-Bartolome R, Sales KU. Kallikrein 5 Inhibition by the Lympho-Epithelial Kazal-Type Related Inhibitor Hinders Matriptase-Dependent Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174395. [PMID: 34503205 PMCID: PMC8431081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains challenging to treat with no improvement in survival rates over the past 50 years. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover more reliable therapeutic targets and biomarkers for HNSCC. Matriptase, a type-II transmembrane serine protease, induces malignant transformation in epithelial stem cells through proteolytic activation of pro-HGF and PAR-2, triggering PI3K-AKT-mTOR and NFKB signaling. The serine protease inhibitor lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI) inhibits the matriptase-driven proteolytic pathway, directly blocking kallikreins in epithelial differentiation. Hence, we hypothesized LEKTI could inhibit matriptase-dependent squamous cell carcinogenesis, thus implicating kallikreins in this process. Double-transgenic mice with simultaneous expression of matriptase and LEKTI under the keratin-5 promoter showed a prominent rescue of K5-Matriptase+/0 premalignant phenotype. Notably, in DMBA-induced SCC, heterotopic co-expression of LEKTI and matriptase delayed matriptase-driven tumor incidence and progression. Co-expression of LEKTI reverted altered Kallikrein-5 expression observed in the skin of K5-Matriptase+/0 mice, indicating that matriptase-dependent proteolytic pathway inhibition by LEKTI occurs through kallikreins. Moreover, we showed that Kallikrein-5 is necessary for PAR-2-mediated IL-8 release, YAP1-TAZ/TEAD activation, and matriptase-mediated oral squamous cell carcinoma migration. Collectively, our data identify a third signaling pathway for matriptase-dependent carcinogenesis in vivo. These findings are critical for the identification of more reliable biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets in Head and Neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zayas Marcelino da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Yao Yuan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (R.I.-B.)
| | - Márcia Gaião Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Gabriel Azevedo Publio
- Departament of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (J.C.A.-F.)
| | - Carol Kobori da Fonseca
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Márcio Hideki Kodama
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Gabriel Viliod Vieira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini
- Dentistry and Stomatology Division, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Clinical Hospital of Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mateus Gonçalves Miranda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
- Departament of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (G.A.P.); (J.C.A.-F.)
| | - Vania Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.F.-S.); (V.L.D.B.)
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (R.I.-B.)
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil; (E.Z.M.d.S.); (M.G.A.); (C.K.d.F.); (M.H.K.); (G.V.V.); (M.F.C.); (M.G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-9113
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10
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Ma J, Scott CA, Ho YN, Mahabaleshwar H, Marsay KS, Zhang C, Teow CK, Ng SS, Zhang W, Tergaonkar V, Partridge LJ, Roy S, Amaya E, Carney TJ. Matriptase activation of Gq drives epithelial disruption and inflammation via RSK and DUOX. eLife 2021; 10:66596. [PMID: 34165081 PMCID: PMC8291973 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are primed to respond to insults by activating epithelial cell motility and rapid inflammation. Such responses are also elicited upon overexpression of the membrane-bound protease, Matriptase, or mutation of its inhibitor, Hai1. Unrestricted Matriptase activity also predisposes to carcinoma. How Matriptase leads to these cellular outcomes is unknown. We demonstrate that zebrafish hai1a mutants show increased H2O2, NfκB signalling, and IP3R -mediated calcium flashes, and that these promote inflammation, but do not generate epithelial cell motility. In contrast, inhibition of the Gq subunit in hai1a mutants rescues both the inflammation and epithelial phenotypes, with the latter recapitulated by the DAG analogue, PMA. We demonstrate that hai1a has elevated MAPK pathway activity, inhibition of which rescues the epidermal defects. Finally, we identify RSK kinases as MAPK targets disrupting adherens junctions in hai1a mutants. Our work maps novel signalling cascades mediating the potent effects of Matriptase on epithelia, with implications for tissue damage response and carcinoma progression. Cancer occurs when normal processes in the cell become corrupted or unregulated. Many proteins can contribute, including one enzyme called Matriptase that cuts other proteins at specific sites. Matriptase activity is tightly controlled by a protein called Hai1. In mice and zebrafish, when Hai1 cannot adequately control Matriptase activity, invasive cancers with severe inflammation develop. However, it is unclear how unregulated Matriptase leads to both inflammation and cancer invasion. One outcome of Matriptase activity is removal of proteins called Cadherins from the cell surface. These proteins have a role in cell adhesion: they act like glue to stick cells together. Without them, cells can dissociate from a tissue and move away, a critical step in cancer cells invading other organs. However, it is unknown exactly how Matriptase triggers the removal of Cadherins from the cell surface to promote invasion. Previous work has shown that Matriptase switches on a receptor called Proteinase-activated receptor 2, or Par2 for short, which is known to activate many enzymes, including one called phospholipase C. When activated, this enzyme releases two signals into the cell: a sugar called inositol triphosphate, IP3; and a lipid or fat called diacylglycerol, DAG. It is possible that these two signals have a role to play in how Matriptase removes Cadherins from the cell surface. To find out, Ma et al. mapped the effects of Matriptase in zebrafish lacking the Hai1 protein. This revealed that Matriptase increases IP3 and DAG levels, which initiate both inflammation and invasion. IP3 promotes inflammation by switching on pro-inflammatory signals inside the cell such as the chemical hydrogen peroxide. At the same time, DAG promotes cell invasion by activating a well-known cancer signalling pathway called MAPK. This pathway activates a protein called RSK. Ma et al. show that this protein is required to remove Cadherins from the surface of cells, thus connecting Matriptase’s activation of phospholipase C with its role in disrupting cell adhesion. An increase in the ratio of Matriptase to HAI-1 (the human equivalent of Hai1) is present in many cancers. For this reason, the signal cascades described by Ma et al. may be of interest in developing treatments for these cancers. Understanding how these signals work together could lead to more direct targeted anti-cancer approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire A Scott
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Na Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harsha Mahabaleshwar
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine S Marsay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Kj Teow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ser Sue Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Carney
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Building, Yunnan Garden Campus, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Singapore
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11
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HGF/c-Met Signalling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:31-44. [PMID: 33123991 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has become clearer that tumor plasticity increases the chance that cancer cells could acquire new mechanisms to escape immune surveillance, become resistant to conventional drugs, and spread to distant sites.Effectively, tumor plasticity drives adaptive response of cancer cells to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation leading to stimulation of neoangionesis or tumor escape. Therefore, tumor plasticity is believed to be a great contributor in recurrence and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Importantly, it could be an Achilles' heel of cancer if we could identify molecular mechanisms dictating this phenotype.The reactivation of stem-like signalling pathways is considered a great determinant of tumor plasticity; in addition, a key role has been also attributed to tumor microenvironment (TME). Indeed, it has been proved that cancer cells interact with different cells in the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Interestingly, well-established communication represents a potential allied in maintenance of a plastic phenotype in cancer cells supporting tumor growth and spread. An important signalling pathway mediating cancer cell-TME crosstalk is represented by the HGF/c-Met signalling.Here, we review the role of the HGF/c-Met signalling in tumor-stroma crosstalk focusing on novel findings underlying its role in tumor plasticity, immune escape, and development of adaptive mechanisms.
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12
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Kwon H, Ha H, Jeon H, Jang J, Son SH, Lee K, Park SK, Byun Y. Structure-activity relationship studies of dipeptide-based hepsin inhibitors with Arg bioisosteres. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104521. [PMID: 33334587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) associated with cell proliferation and overexpressed in several types of cancer including prostate cancer (PCa). Because of its significant role in cancer progression and metastasis, hepsin is an attractive protein as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic biomarker for PCa. Based on the reported Leu-Arg dipeptide-based hepsin inhibitors, we performed structural modification and determined in vitro hepsin- and matriptase-inhibitory activities. Comprehensive structure-activity relationship studies identified that the p-guanidinophenylalanine-based dipeptide analog 22a exhibited a strong hepsin-inhibitory activity (Ki = 50.5 nM) and 22-fold hepsin selectivity over matriptase. Compound 22a could be a prototype molecule for structural optimization of dipeptide-based hepsin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Son
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Armistead J, Hatzold J, van Roye A, Fahle E, Hammerschmidt M. Entosis and apical cell extrusion constitute a tumor-suppressive mechanism downstream of Matriptase. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132730. [PMID: 31819976 PMCID: PMC7041680 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Armistead et al. show that in a bilayered epithelium in vivo, apical cell extrusion of basal cells is achieved via their engulfment by surface cells. In zebrafish hai1a mutants, this constitutes a tumor-suppressive mechanism, revealing a double face of Matriptase. The type II transmembrane serine protease Matriptase 1 (ST14) is commonly known as an oncogene, yet it also plays an understudied role in suppressing carcinogenesis. This double face is evident in the embryonic epidermis of zebrafish loss-of-function mutants in the cognate Matriptase inhibitor Hai1a (Spint1a). Mutant embryos display epidermal hyperplasia, but also apical cell extrusions, during which extruding outer keratinocytes carry out an entosis-like engulfment and entrainment of underlying basal cells, constituting a tumor-suppressive effect. These counteracting Matriptase effects depend on EGFR and the newly identified mediator phospholipase D (PLD), which promotes both mTORC1-dependent cell proliferation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)–dependent entosis and apical cell extrusion. Accordingly, hypomorphic hai1a mutants heal spontaneously, while otherwise lethal hai1a amorphs are efficiently rescued upon cotreatment with PLD inhibitors and S1P. Together, our data elucidate the mechanisms underlying the double face of Matriptase function in vivo and reveal the potential use of combinatorial carcinoma treatments when such double-face mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna van Roye
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Evelin Fahle
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Varela FA, Foust VL, Hyland TE, Sala-Hamrick KE, Mackinder JR, Martin CE, Murray AS, Todi SV, List K. TMPRSS13 promotes cell survival, invasion, and resistance to drug-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13896. [PMID: 32807808 PMCID: PMC7431588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is often accompanied by increased levels of extracellular proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix and promoting pro-cancerous signaling pathways by activating growth factors and receptors. The type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family encompasses several proteases that play critical roles in cancer progression; however, the expression or function of the TTSP TMPRSS13 in carcinogenesis has not been examined. In the present study, we found TMPRSS13 to be differentially expressed at both the transcript and protein levels in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed consistent high expression of TMPRSS13 protein on the cancer cell surface in CRC patient samples; in contrast, the majority of normal colon samples displayed no detectable expression. On a functional level, TMPRSS13 silencing in CRC cell lines increased apoptosis and impaired invasive potential. Importantly, transgenic overexpression of TMPRSS13 in CRC cell lines increased tolerance to apoptosis-inducing agents, including paclitaxel and HA14-1. Conversely, TMPRSS13 silencing rendered CRC cells more sensitive to these agents. Together, our findings suggest that TMPRSS13 plays an important role in CRC cell survival and in promoting resistance to drug-induced apoptosis; we also identify TMPRSS13 as a potential new target for monotherapy or combination therapy with established chemotherapeutics to improve treatment outcomes in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto A Varela
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Victoria L Foust
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Thomas E Hyland
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | | | - Jacob R Mackinder
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Carly E Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Andrew S Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Karin List
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA.
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15
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Membrane-anchored serine proteases as regulators of epithelial function. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:517-528. [PMID: 32196551 PMCID: PMC9869603 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of proteins in the extracellular milieu, including hormones, growth factors and their receptors, ion channels, and various cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules, plays a key role in the regulation of cell behavior. Among more than 500 proteolytic enzymes encoded by mammalian genomes, membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs), which are expressed on the surface of epithelial cells of all major organs, are excellently suited to mediate signal transduction across the epithelia and are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of epithelial development, function, and disease [ 1-3]. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge of the in vivo roles of MASPs in acquisition and maintenance of some of the defining functions of epithelial tissues, such as barrier formation, ion transport, and sensory perception.
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16
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Yoon J, Cho Y, Kim KY, Yoon MJ, Lee HS, Jeon SD, Cho Y, Kim C, Kim MG. A JUN N-terminal kinase inhibitor induces ectodomain shedding of the cancer-associated membrane protease Prss14/epithin via protein kinase CβII. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7168-7177. [PMID: 32241917 PMCID: PMC7242708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine protease 14 (Prss14)/epithin is a transmembrane serine protease that plays essential roles in tumor progression and metastasis and therefore is a promising target for managing cancer. Prss14/epithin shedding may underlie its activity in cancer and worsen outcomes; accordingly, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Prss14/epithin shedding may inform the design of future cancer therapies. On the basis of our previous observation that an activator of PKC, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), induces Prss14/epithin shedding, here we further investigated the intracellular signaling pathway involved in this process. While using mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors to investigate possible effectors of downstream PKC signaling, we unexpectedly found that an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), SP600125, induces Prss14/epithin shedding even in the absence of PMA. SP600125-induced shedding, like that stimulated by PMA, was mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α–converting enzyme. In contrast, a JNK activator, anisomycin, partially abolished the effects of SP600125 on Prss14/epithin shedding. Moreover, the results from loss-of-function experiments with specific inhibitors, short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown, and overexpression of dominant-negative PKCβII variants indicated that PKCβII is a major player in JNK inhibition– and PMA-mediated Prss14/epithin shedding. SP600125 increased phosphorylation of PKCβII and tumor necrosis factor-α–converting enzyme and induced their translocation into the plasma membrane. Finally, in vitro cell invasion experiments and bioinformatics analysis of data in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer database revealed that JNK and PKCβII are important for Prss14/epithin-mediated cancer progression. These results provide important information regarding strategies against tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joobyoung Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Min Ji Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Seon Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangjun Davie Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Moon Gyo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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17
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, a novel subgroup of serine proteases, the cell surface-anchored serine proteases, has emerged as an important component of the human degradome, and several members have garnered significant attention for their roles in cancer progression and metastasis. A large body of literature describes that cell surface-anchored serine proteases are deregulated in cancer and that they contribute to both tumor formation and metastasis through diverse molecular mechanisms. The loss of precise regulation of cell surface-anchored serine protease expression and/or catalytic activity may be contributing to the etiology of several cancer types. There is therefore a strong impetus to understand the events that lead to deregulation at the gene and protein levels, how these precipitate in various stages of tumorigenesis, and whether targeting of selected proteases can lead to novel cancer intervention strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about cell surface-anchored serine proteases and their role in cancer based on biochemical characterization, cell culture-based studies, expression studies, and in vivo experiments. Efforts to develop inhibitors to target cell surface-anchored serine proteases in cancer therapy will also be summarized.
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18
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Abstract
Introduction: The HGF/MET axis is a key therapeutic pathway in cancer; it is aberrantly activated because of mutations, fusions, amplification or aberrant ligand production. Extensive efforts have been made to discover predictive factors of anti-MET therapeutic efficacy, but they have mostly unsuccessful. An understanding of the intrinsic and acquired mechanism of MET resistance will be fundamental for the development of new therapeutic interventions.Areas covered: This article provides a systematic review of phase II randomized and phase III clinical trials investigating the use of MET inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. We discuss preliminary findings on efficacy and methodologic design flaws in these trials.Expert opinion: MET inhibitors showed poor activity in unselected patients or patients selected by MET expression, p-MET or high HGF basal levels. The efficacy in advanced solid tumors is very modest and in phase III clinical trials, survival differences did not fulfill the stringent requirements of ESMO-Magnitude Clinical Benefit Score (MCBS). Prospective novel liquid biomarker-driven studies and novel trial designs such as Umbrella and Basket trials are necessary to progress MET inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveres
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maurel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Pereira MS, Celeiro SP, Costa ÂM, Pinto F, Popov S, de Almeida GC, Amorim J, Pires MM, Pinheiro C, Lopes JM, Honavar M, Costa P, Pimentel J, Jones C, Reis RM, Viana-Pereira M. Loss of SPINT2 expression frequently occurs in glioma, leading to increased growth and invasion via MMP2. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 43:107-121. [PMID: 31701492 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-grade gliomas (HGG) remain one of the most aggressive tumors, which is primarily due to its diffuse infiltrative nature. Serine proteases and metalloproteases are known to play key roles in cellular migration and invasion mechanisms. SPINT2, also known as HAI-2, is an important serine protease inhibitor that can affect MET signaling. SPINT2 has been found to be frequently downregulated in various tumors, whereby hypermethylation of its promoter appears to serve as a common mechanism. Here, we assessed the clinical relevance of SPINT2 expression and promoter hypermethylation in pediatric and adult HGG and explored its functional role. METHODS A series of 371 adult and 77 pediatric primary HGG samples was assessed for SPINT2 protein expression (immunohistochemistry) and promoter methylation (methylation-specific PCR) patterns. After SPINT2 knockdown and knock-in in adult and pediatric HGG cell lines, a variety of in vitro assays was carried out to determine the role of SPINT2 in glioma cell viability and invasion, as well as their mechanistic associations with metalloprotease activities. RESULTS We found that SPINT2 protein expression was frequently absent in adult (85.3%) and pediatric (100%) HGG samples. The SPINT2 gene promoter was found to be hypermethylated in approximately half of both adult and pediatric gliomas. Through functional assays we revealed a suppressor activity of SPINT2 in glioma cell proliferation and viability, as well as in their migration and invasion. These functions appear to be mediated in part by MMP2 expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dysregulation of SPINT2 is a common event in both pediatric and adult HGG, in which SPINT2 may act as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Santos Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sónia Pires Celeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sergey Popov
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Júlia Amorim
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melo Pires
- Unity of Neuropathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Pinheiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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20
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Nakahara K, Yamasaki K, Nagai T, Fujii M, Akioka T, Takamori H, Terada N, Mukai S, Sato Y, Kamoto T. Expression of protease activating receptor-2 (PAR-2) is positively correlated with the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: an immunohistochemical analysis. Res Rep Urol 2019; 11:97-104. [PMID: 31114765 PMCID: PMC6489562 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s199512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Matriptase, which is a Type II transmembrane serine protease, has the potential to activate several growth factors, including pro-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). A G protein-coupled transmembrane cell-surface receptor and a protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) are also required for activation by matriptase. Activation of PAR-2 has been reported to induce the progression of various cancers. In a previous study, we evaluated the correlation between upregulation of MET phosphorylation with high matriptase expression and worse prognosis in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer; however, expression of PAR-2, matriptase and MET in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has not been evaluated. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the expression of PAR-2, matriptase and MET using 55 paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from patients with NMIBC by immunohistochemistry. Results: MET was significantly expressed in high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) and pathological T1 cancers. High expression of PAR-2 was significantly associated with a worse recurrence rate in NMIBC. In subgroup analysis, the expression of PAR-2 was also correlated with high recurrence rate in low-grade UC. In addition, expression of matriptase tended to correlate with worse recurrence rate in high-grade UC. Conclusion: Increased expression of PAR-2 was significantly correlated with worse recurrence rate in patients with NMIBC. In addition, expression of matriptase also indicated a tendency toward recurrence in high-grade UC, suggesting an important role of matriptase-induced PAR-2 activation in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Nakahara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Akioka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takamori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Section of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Recent progress on inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine proteases, hepsin, matriptase and matriptase-2. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:743-769. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP) family play a vital role in cell growth and development but many are also implicated in disease. Two of the well-studied TTSPs, matriptase and hepsin proteolytically process multiple protein substrates such as the inactive single-chain zymogens pro-HGF and pro-macrophage stimulating protein into the active heterodimeric forms, HGF and macrophage stimulating protein. These two proteases also have many other substrates which are associated with cancer and tumor progression. Another related TTSP, matriptase-2 is expressed in the liver and functions by regulating iron homoeostasis through the cleavage of hemojuvelin and thus is implicated in iron overload diseases. In the present review, we will discuss inhibitor design strategy and Structure activity relationships of TTSP inhibitors, which have been reported in the literature.
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22
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SPINT2 is hypermethylated in both IDH1 mutated and wild-type glioblastomas, and exerts tumor suppression via reduction of c-Met activation. J Neurooncol 2019; 142:423-434. [PMID: 30838489 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both IDH1-mutated and wild-type gliomas abundantly display aberrant CpG island hypermethylation. However, the potential role of hypermethylation in promoting gliomas, especially the most aggressive form, glioblastoma (GBM), remains poorly understood. METHODS We analyzed RRBS-generated methylation profiles for 11 IDH1WT gliomas (including 7 GBMs), 24 IDH1MUT gliomas (including 6 GBMs), and 5 normal brain samples and employed TCGA GBM methylation profiles as a validation set. Upon classification of differentially methylated CpG islands by IDH1 status, we used integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression to identify SPINT2 as a top cancer related gene. To explore functional consequences of SPINT2 methylation in GBM, we validated SPINT2 methylation status using targeted bisulfite sequencing in a large cohort of GBM samples. We assessed DNA methylation-mediated SPINT2 gene regulation using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, DNMT1 knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. We conducted functional analyses of SPINT2 in GBM cell lines in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified SPINT2 as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene within a group of CpG islands (designated GT-CMG) that are hypermethylated in both IDH1MUT and IDH1WT gliomas but not in normal brain. We established that SPINT2 downregulation results from promoter hypermethylation, and that restoration of SPINT2 expression reduces c-Met activation and tumorigenic properties of GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS We defined a previously under-recognized group of coordinately methylated CpG islands common to both IDH1WT and IDH1MUT gliomas (GT-CMG). Within GT-CMG, we identified SPINT2 as a top cancer-related candidate and demonstrated that SPINT2 suppressed GBM via down-regulation of c-Met activation.
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23
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Chiu YL, Wu YY, Barndt RB, Yeo YH, Lin YW, Sytwo HP, Liu HC, Xu Y, Jia B, Wang JK, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Aberrant regulation favours matriptase proteolysis in neoplastic B-cells that co-express HAI-2. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:692-702. [PMID: 30777474 PMCID: PMC6383611 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1577831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is ectopically expressed in neoplastic B-cells, in which matriptase activity is enhanced by negligible expression of its endogenous inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1. HAI-1, however, is also involved in matriptase synthesis and intracellular trafficking. The lack of HAI-1 indicates that other related inhibitor, such as HAI-2, might be expressed. Here, we show that HAI-2 is commonly co-expressed in matriptase-expressing neoplastic B-cells. The level of active matriptase shed after induction of matriptase zymogen activation in 7 different neoplastic B-cells was next determined and characterised. Our data reveal that active matriptase can only be generated and shed by those cells able to activate matriptase and in a rough correlation with the levels of matriptase protein. While HAI-2 can potently inhibit matriptase, the levels of active matriptase are not proportionally suppressed in those cells with high HAI-2. Our survey suggests that matriptase proteolysis might aberrantly remain high in neoplastic B-cells regardless of the levels of HAI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Chiu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- c Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Robert B Barndt
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Yee Hui Yeo
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ping Sytwo
- d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Liu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,e Langley High School , McLean , VA, USA
| | - Yuan Xu
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Bailing Jia
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA.,f Department of Gastroenterology , Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jehng-Kang Wang
- b Department of Biochemistry , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Michael D Johnson
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology , Georgetown University , Washington , DC, USA
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24
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Inhibition of HGF/MET signaling decreases overall tumor burden and blocks malignant conversion in Tpl2-related skin cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:1. [PMID: 30631034 PMCID: PMC6328619 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family of serine/threonine kinases. Deletion of the Tpl2 gene is associated with a significantly higher number of papillomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET is abundant in cSCC and can lead to increased proliferation, migration, invasion or resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to address whether the increased tumor burden in Tpl2−/− mice is due to aberrant HGF/MET signaling. C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and Tpl2−/− mice were subjected to a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol for one year. At the time of promotion half of the mice received 44 mg/kg capmatinib (INC 280), a pharmacological inihibitor of MET, in their diet. Tpl2−/− mice had signficantly higher tumor incidence and overall tumor burden compared to WT mice. Further, carcinogen-intiated Tpl2−/− mice could bypass the need for promotion, as 89% of Tpl2−/− mice given only DMBA developed papillomas. v-rasHa -transduced keratinocytes and SCCs from Tpl2−/− mice revealed an upregulation in HGF and p-MET signaling compared to WT animals. Long-term capmatinib treatment had no adverse effects in mice and capmatinib-fed Tpl2−/− mice had a 60% reduction in overall tumor burden. Further, no tumors from Tpl2−/− mice fed capmatinib underwent malignant conversion. In summary targeting MET may be a potential new strategy to combat cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that result from dysregulation in MAPK signaling.
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25
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Ye F, Chen S, Liu X, Ye X, Wang K, Zeng Z, Su Y, Zhang X, Zhou H. 3-Cl-AHPC inhibits pro-HGF maturation by inducing matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:155-166. [PMID: 30370662 PMCID: PMC6307790 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matriptase is an epithelia-specific membrane-anchored serine protease, and its dysregulation is highly related to the progression of a variety of cancers. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) inhibits matriptase activity through forming complex with activated matriptase. The balance of matriptase activation and matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation determines the intensity and duration of matriptase activity. 3-Cl-AHPC, 4-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-3-chlorocinnamic acid, is an adamantly substituted retinoid-related molecule and a ligand of retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). 3-Cl-AHPC is of strong anti-cancer effect but with elusive mechanisms. In our current study, we show that 3-Cl-AHPC time- and dose- dependently induces matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation, leading to the suppression of activated matriptase in cancer cells and tissues. Furthermore, 3-Cl-AHPC promotes matriptase shedding but without increasing the activity of shed matriptase. Moreover, 3-Cl-AHPC inhibits matriptase-mediated cleavage of pro-HGF through matriptase/HAI-1 complex induction, resulting in the suppression of pro-HGF-stimulated signalling and cell scattering. Although 3-Cl-AHPC binds to RARγ, its induction of matriptase/HAI-1 complex is not RARγ dependent. Together, our data demonstrates that 3-Cl-AHPC down-regulates matriptase activity through induction of matriptase/HAI-1 complex formation in a RARγ-independent manner, providing a mechanism of 3-Cl-AHPC anti-cancer activity and a new strategy to inhibit abnormal matriptase activity via matriptase/HAI-1 complex induction using small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xingxing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaohong Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Keqi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Ying Su
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Xiao‐kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
- Cancer CenterSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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26
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Fang JD, Tung HH, Lee SL. Mitochondrial localization of St14-encoding transmembrane serine protease is involved in neural stem/progenitor cell bioenergetics through binding to F 0F 1-ATP synthase complex. FASEB J 2018; 33:4327-4340. [PMID: 30566397 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Knockdown of the suppression of tumorigenicity 14-encoding type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase (MTP) in neural stem/progenitor (NS/P) cells impairs cell mobility, response to chemo-attractants, and neurovascular niche interaction. In the present study, we showed by Western blot that a portion of MTP can be detected in the mitochondrial fraction of mouse NS/P cells by immunostaining that it is co-stained with the mitochondrial dye MitoTracker (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) inside the cells. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that MTP is bound to the β subunit of mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase complex (ATP-β). Cyto-immunofluorescence staining and an in situ proximity ligation assay further confirmed a physical interaction between MTP and ATP-β. This interaction relied on the presence of both Cls/Clr urchin embryonic growth factor, bone morphogenic protein 1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor motifs of MTP. We found that NS/P cell mitochondrial membrane potential is impaired by MTP knockdown, and ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption rate are significantly reduced in MTP-knockdown NS/P cells. Among the oxidative phosphorylation functions, the greatest effect of MTP knockdown is the reduction by over 50% in the mitochondrial energy reserve capacity. This made MTP-knockdown NS/P cells unable to overcome hydrogen peroxide stress, which leads to cessation of cell growth. This work identifies 2 previously unknown functions for MTP: first as a binding protein in the mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase complex and second as a regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Mitochondrial MTP may serve a protective function for NS/P cells in response to stress.-Fang, J.-D., Tung, H.-H., Lee, S.-L. Mitochondrial localization of St14-encoding transmembrane serine protease is involved in neural stem/progenitor cell bioenergetics through binding to F0F1-ATP synthase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Da Fang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Hui Tung
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheau-Ling Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Yamasaki K, Mukai S, Nagai T, Nakahara K, Fujii M, Terada N, Ohno A, Sato Y, Toda Y, Kataoka H, Kamoto T. Matriptase-Induced Phosphorylation of MET is Significantly Associated with Poor Prognosis in Invasive Bladder Cancer; an Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123708. [PMID: 30469509 PMCID: PMC6321379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays an important role in cancer progression via phosphorylation of MET (c-met proto-oncogene product, receptor of HGF). HGF-zymogen (pro-HGF) must be processed for activation by HGF activators including matriptase, which is a type II transmembrane serine protease and the most efficient activator. The enzymatic activity is tightly regulated by HGF activator inhibitors (HAIs). Dysregulated pro-HGF activation (with upregulated MET phosphorylation) is reported to promote cancer progression in various cancers. We retrospectively analyzed the expression of matriptase, phosphorylated-MET (phospho-MET) and HAI-1 in tumor specimens obtained from patients with invasive bladder cancer by immunohistochemistry. High expression of phospho-MET and increased expression of matriptase were significantly associated with poor prognosis, and high matriptase/low HAI-1 expression showed poorer prognosis. Furthermore, high expression of matriptase tended to correlate with phosphorylation of MET. Increased expression of matriptase may induce the ligand-dependent activation of MET, which leads to poor prognosis in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Kozue Nakahara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujii
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Ohno
- Section of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Section of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Toda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Tenri Health Care University, Nara 632-0018, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
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Activated matriptase as a target to treat breast cancer with a drug conjugate. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25983-25992. [PMID: 29899836 PMCID: PMC5995259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor effects of a novel antibody drug conjugate (ADC) was tested against human solid tumor cell lines and against human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts in immunosuppressed mice. The ADC targeting activated matriptase of tumor cells was synthesized by using the potent anti-tubulin toxin, monomethyl auristatin-E linked to the activated matriptase-specific monoclonal antibody (M69) via a lysosomal protease-cleavable dipeptide linker. This ADC was found to be cytotoxic against multiple activated matriptase-positive epithelial carcinoma cell lines in vitro and markedly inhibited growth of triple negative breast cancer xenografts and a primary human TNBC (PDX) in vivo. Overexpression of activated matriptase may be a biomarker for response to this ADC. The ADC had potent anti-tumor activity, while the unconjugated M69 antibody was ineffective in a mouse model study using MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice. Treatment of a human TNBC (MDA-MB-231) showed potent anti-tumor effects in combination with cisplatin in mice. This ADC alone or in combination with cisplatin has the potential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with TNBC as well as other tumors overexpressing activated matriptase.
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Kataoka H, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Shimomura T. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitors (HAI-1 and HAI-2): Emerging key players in epithelial integrity and cancer. Pathol Int 2018; 68:145-158. [PMID: 29431273 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth, survival, and metabolic activities of multicellular organisms at the cellular level are regulated by intracellular signaling, systemic homeostasis and the pericellular microenvironment. Pericellular proteolysis has a crucial role in processing bioactive molecules in the microenvironment and thereby has profound effects on cellular functions. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) and HAI-2 are type I transmembrane serine protease inhibitors expressed by most epithelial cells. They regulate the pericellular activities of circulating hepatocyte growth factor activator and cellular type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs), proteases required for the activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF). Activated HGF/SF transduces pleiotropic signals through its receptor tyrosine kinase, MET (coded by the proto-oncogene MET), which are necessary for cellular migration, survival, growth and triggering stem cells for accelerated healing. HAI-1 and HAI-2 are also required for normal epithelial functions through regulation of TTSP-mediated activation of other proteases and protease-activated receptor 2, and also through suppressing excess degradation of epithelial junctional proteins. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the mechanism of pericellular HGF/SF activation and highlights emerging roles of HAIs in epithelial development and integrity, as well as tumorigenesis and progression of transformed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
| | - Takeshi Shimomura
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, 889-1692 Miyazaki
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Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-2 (HAI-2)/ SPINT2 contributes to invasive growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11691-11706. [PMID: 29545930 PMCID: PMC5837738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1/SPINT1 and HAI-2/SPINT2 are membrane-anchored protease inhibitors having homologous Kunitz-type inhibitor domains. They regulate membrane-anchored serine proteases, such as matriptase and prostasin. Whereas HAI-1 suppresses the neoplastic progression of keratinocytes to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through matriptase inhibition, the role of HAI-2 in keratinocytes is poorly understood. In vitro homozygous knockout of the SPINT2 gene suppressed the proliferation of two oral SCC (OSCC) lines (SAS and HSC3) but not the growth of a non-tumorigenic keratinocyte line (HaCaT). Reversion of HAI-2 abrogated the growth suppression. Matrigel invasion of both OSCC lines was also suppressed by the loss of HAI-2. The levels of prostasin protein were markedly increased in HAI-2-deficient cells, and knockdown of prostasin alleviated the HAI-2 loss-induced suppression of OSCC cell invasion. Therefore, HAI-2 has a pro-invasive role in OSCC cells through suppression of prostasin. In surgically resected OSCC tissues, HAI-2 immunoreactivity increased along with neoplastic progression, showing intense immunoreactivities in invasive OSCC cells. In summary, HAI-2 is required for invasive growth of OSCC cells and may contribute to OSCC progression.
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31
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Mitchell AC, Kannan D, Hunter SA, Parra Sperberg RA, Chang CH, Cochran JR. Engineering a potent inhibitor of matriptase from the natural hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1) protein. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4969-4980. [PMID: 29386351 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated matriptase activity has been established as a key contributor to cancer progression through its activation of growth factors, including the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Despite its critical role and prevalence in many human cancers, limitations to developing an effective matriptase inhibitor include weak binding affinity, poor selectivity, and short circulating half-life. We applied rational and combinatorial approaches to engineer a potent inhibitor based on the hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1), a natural matriptase inhibitor. The first Kunitz domain (KD1) of HAI-1 has been well established as a minimal matriptase-binding and inhibition domain, whereas the second Kunitz domain (KD2) is inactive and involved in negative regulation. Here, we replaced the inactive KD2 domain of HAI-1 with an engineered chimeric variant of KD2/KD1 domains and fused the resulting construct to an antibody Fc domain to increase valency and circulating serum half-life. The final protein variant contains four stoichiometric binding sites that we showed were needed to effectively inhibit matriptase with a Ki of 70 ± 5 pm, an increase of 120-fold compared with the natural HAI-1 inhibitor, to our knowledge making it one of the most potent matriptase inhibitors identified to date. Furthermore, the engineered inhibitor demonstrates a protease selectivity profile similar to that of wildtype KD1 but distinct from that of HAI-1. It also inhibits activation of the natural pro-HGF substrate and matriptase expressed on cancer cells with at least an order of magnitude greater efficacy than KD1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean A Hunter
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | | | | | - Jennifer R Cochran
- From the Departments of Bioengineering and .,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.,Chemical Engineering and
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Sun P, Xue L, Song Y, Mao X, Chen L, Dong B, Braicu EL, Sehouli J. Regulation of matriptase and HAI-1 system, a novel therapeutic target in human endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12682-12694. [PMID: 29560101 PMCID: PMC5849165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of specific and non-specific regulation of matriptase on endometrial cancer cells in vitro were investigated. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of matriptase and hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) in RL-952, HEC-1A, and HEC-1B endometrial cancer cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. The cells were infected with lentivirus-mediated small-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted on matriptase (MA-siRNA) or treated with different cisplatin (DDP) concentrations. After treatment, invasion, migration, and cellular apoptosis were analyzed. Matriptase mRNA and protein expression significantly decreased to 80% after infection with MA-siRNA (P < 0.01), and scratch and trans-well chamber assays showed significant inhibition of invasiveness and metastasis. Upon incubation with cisplatin at concentrations higher than the therapeutic dose for 24 h, the expressions of matriptase and HAI-1 significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Moreover, the invasiveness, metastasis, and survival rate of HEC-1A and RL-952 endometrial cancer cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) due to the down-regulation of matriptase and HAI-1 upon increasing cisplatin concentration. However, a slight increase in matriptase and HAI-1 expression was observed in cells treated with low cisplatin concentration (P = 0.01). Moreover, matriptase expression was associated with metastasis and invasiveness. Down-regulation of matriptase by specific Ma-SiRNA or non-specific cisplatin in matriptase/HAI-1-positive endometrial cancer cells showed promising therapeutic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China.,Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Lifang Xue
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Binhua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliate Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. of China
| | - Elena Loana Braicu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer University of Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer University of Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Owusu BY, Bansal N, Venukadasula PKM, Ross LJ, Messick TE, Goel S, Galemmo RA, Klampfer L. Inhibition of pro-HGF activation by SRI31215, a novel approach to block oncogenic HGF/MET signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29492-506. [PMID: 27121052 PMCID: PMC5045412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to its receptor MET activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell survival, proliferation, cell scattering, migration and invasion of malignant cells. HGF is secreted by cancer cells or by tumor-associated fibroblasts as pro-HGF, an inactive precursor. A key step in the regulation of HGF/MET signaling is proteolytic processing of pro-HGF to its active form by one of the three serine proteases, matriptase, hepsin or HGF activator (HGFA).We developed SRI 31215, a small molecule that acts as a triplex inhibitor of matriptase, hepsin and HGFA and mimics the activity of HAI-1/2, endogenous inhibitors of HGF activation. We demonstrated that SRI 31215 inhibits fibroblast-induced MET activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of cancer cells. SRI 31215 overcomes primary resistance to cetuximab and gefitinib in HGF-producing colon cancer cells and prevents fibroblast-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Thus, SRI 31215 blocks signaling between cancer cells and fibroblasts and inhibits the tumor-promoting activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts.Aberrant HGF/MET signaling supports cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastatic spread of cancer cells, establishing HGF and MET as valid therapeutic targets. Our data demonstrate that inhibitors of HGF activation, such as SRI 31215, merit investigation as potential therapeutics in tumors that are addicted to HGF/MET signaling. The findings reported here also indicate that inhibitors of HGF activation overcome primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy, providing a rationale for concurrent inhibition of EGFR and HGF to prevent therapeutic resistance and to improve the outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y Owusu
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Namita Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Larry J Ross
- High Throughput Screening, Southern Research, Drug Discovery Division, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy E Messick
- The Wistar Institute, Southern Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Southern Research, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Galemmo
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lidija Klampfer
- Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Murray AS, Varela FA, List K. Type II transmembrane serine proteases as potential targets for cancer therapy. Biol Chem 2017; 397:815-26. [PMID: 27078673 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased protein and activity levels of extracellular cell-surface proteases that are capable of modifying the tumor microenvironment by directly cleaving the extracellular matrix, as well as activating growth factors and proinflammatory mediators involved in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. These complex processes ultimately potentiate neoplastic progression leading to local tumor cell invasion, entry into the vasculature, and metastasis to distal sites. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression. In this review the knowledge collected over the past two decades about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-cancerous properties of selected TTSPs will be summarized. Furthermore, we will discuss how these insights may facilitate the translation into clinical settings in the future by specifically targeting TTSPs as part of novel cancer treatment regimens.
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Friis S, Tadeo D, Le-Gall SM, Jürgensen HJ, Sales KU, Camerer E, Bugge TH. Matriptase zymogen supports epithelial development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMC Biol 2017; 15:46. [PMID: 28571576 PMCID: PMC5452369 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matriptase is a membrane serine protease essential for epithelial development, homeostasis, and regeneration, as well as a central orchestrator of pathogenic pericellular signaling in the context of inflammatory and proliferative diseases. Matriptase is an unusual protease in that its zymogen displays measurable enzymatic activity. Results Here, we used gain and loss of function genetics to investigate the possible biological functions of zymogen matriptase. Unexpectedly, transgenic mice mis-expressing a zymogen-locked version of matriptase in the epidermis displayed pathologies previously reported for transgenic mice mis-expressing wildtype epidermal matriptase. Equally surprising, mice engineered to express only zymogen-locked endogenous matriptase, unlike matriptase null mice, were viable, developed epithelial barrier function, and regenerated the injured epithelium. Compatible with these observations, wildtype and zymogen-locked matriptase were equipotent activators of PAR-2 inflammatory signaling. Conclusion The study demonstrates that the matriptase zymogen is biologically active and is capable of executing developmental and homeostatic functions of the protease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0384-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Friis
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Section for Molecular Disease Biology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tadeo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sylvain M Le-Gall
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Jessen Jürgensen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribierão Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Camerer
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 320, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Nonboe AW, Krigslund O, Soendergaard C, Skovbjerg S, Friis S, Andersen MN, Ellis V, Kawaguchi M, Kataoka H, Bugge TH, Vogel LK. HAI-2 stabilizes, inhibits and regulates SEA-cleavage-dependent secretory transport of matriptase. Traffic 2017; 18:378-391. [PMID: 28371047 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) is able to suppress carcinogenesis induced by overexpression of matriptase, as well as cause regression of individual established tumors in a mouse model system. However, the role of HAI-2 is poorly understood. In this study, we describe 3 mutations in the binding loop of the HAI-2 Kunitz domain 1 (K42N, C47F and R48L) that cause a delay in the SEA domain cleavage of matriptase, leading to accumulation of non-SEA domain cleaved matriptase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We suggest that, like other known SEA domains, the matriptase SEA domain auto-cleaves and reflects that correct oligomerization, maturation, and/or folding has been obtained. Our results suggest that the HAI-2 Kunitz domain 1 mutants influence the flux of matriptase to the plasma membrane by affecting the oligomerization, maturation and/or folding of matriptase, and as a result the SEA domain cleavage of matriptase. Two of the HAI-2 Kunitz domain 1 mutants investigated (C47F, R48L and C47F/R48L) also displayed a reduced ability to proteolytically silence matriptase. Hence, HAI-2 separately stabilizes matriptase, regulates the secretory transport, possibly via maturation/oligomerization and inhibits the proteolytic activity of matriptase in the ER, and possible throughout the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika W Nonboe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark
| | - Oliver Krigslund
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Soendergaard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark.,Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Signe Skovbjerg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark
| | - Stine Friis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Martin N Andersen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lotte K Vogel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen North, Denmark
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37
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Rothenberger NJ, Stabile LP. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer and Implications for Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040039. [PMID: 28441771 PMCID: PMC5406714 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway has been identified as a promoter of tumorigenesis in several tumor types including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite a relatively low c-Met mutation frequency, overexpression of HGF and its receptor c-Met has been observed in more than 80% of HNSCC tumors, with preclinical and clinical studies linking overexpression with cellular proliferation, invasion, migration, and poor prognosis. c-Met is activated by HGF through a paracrine mechanism to promote cellular morphogenesis enabling cells to acquire mesenchymal phenotypes in part through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to metastasis. The HGF/c-Met pathway may also act as a resistance mechanism against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition in advanced HNSCC. Furthermore, with the identification of a biologically distinct subset of HNSCC tumors acquired from human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that generally portends a good prognosis, high expression of HGF or c-Met in HPV-negative tumors has been associated with worse prognosis. Dysregulated HGF/c-Met signaling results in an aggressive HNSCC phenotype which has led to clinical investigations for targeted inhibition of this pathway. In this review, HGF/c-Met signaling, pathway alterations, associations with clinical outcomes, and preclinical and clinical therapeutic strategies for targeting HGF/c-Met signaling in HNSCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Rothenberger
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Laura P Stabile
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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38
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Key Tumor-Promoting Factor in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040035. [PMID: 28420162 PMCID: PMC5406710 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Stromal cells secrete growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins which promote growth, survival and metastatic spread of cancer cells. Fibroblasts are the predominant constituent of the tumor stroma and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), the specific ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-MET, is a major component of their secretome. Indeed, cancer-associated fibroblasts have been shown to promote growth, survival and migration of cancer cells in an HGF-dependent manner. Fibroblasts also confer resistance to anti-cancer therapy through HGF-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activation of pro-survival signaling pathways such as ERK and AKT in tumor cells. Constitutive HGF/MET signaling in cancer cells is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and predicts poor outcome in cancer patients. Due to its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, both HGF and MET have emerged as valid therapeutic targets. Several inhibitors of MET and HGF are currently being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical data provide a strong indication that inhibitors of HGF/MET signaling overcome both primary and acquired resistance to EGFR, HER2, and BRAF targeting agents. These findings support the notion that co-targeting of cancer cells and stromal cells is required to prevent therapeutic resistance and to increase the overall survival rate of cancer patients. HGF dependence has emerged as a hallmark of therapeutic resistance, suggesting that inhibitors of biological activity of HGF should be included into therapeutic regimens of cancer patients.
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39
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Tanabe LM, List K. The role of type II transmembrane serine protease-mediated signaling in cancer. FEBS J 2016; 284:1421-1436. [PMID: 27870503 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pericellular proteases have long been implicated in carcinogenesis. Previous research focused on these proteins, primarily as extracellular matrix (ECM) protein-degrading enzymes which allowed cancer cells to breach the basement membrane and invade surrounding tissue. However, recently, there has been a shift in the view of cell surface proteases, including serine proteases, as proteolytic modifiers of particular targets, including growth factors and protease-activated receptors, which are critical for the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Of the 176 human serine proteases currently identified, a subset of 17, known as type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Many have been shown to be relevant to cancer progression since they were first identified as a family around the turn of the century. To this end, altered expression of TTSPs appeared as a trademark of several tumor types. However, the substrates and underlying signaling pathways remained unclear. Localization of these proteins to the cell surface places them in the unique position to mediate signal transduction between the cell and its surrounding environment. Many of the TTSPs have already been shown to play key roles in processes such as postnatal development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor progression, which share overlapping molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of the TTSP family in pro-oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karin List
- Department of Pharmacology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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40
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Antalis TM, Conway GD, Peroutka RJ, Buzza MS. Membrane-anchored proteases in endothelial cell biology. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:243-52. [PMID: 26906027 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The endothelial cell plasma membrane is a metabolically active, dynamic, and fluid microenvironment where pericellular proteolysis plays a critical role. Membrane-anchored proteases may be expressed by endothelial cells as well as mural cells and leukocytes with distribution both inside and outside of the vascular system. Here, we will review the recent advances in our understanding of the direct and indirect roles of membrane-anchored proteases in vascular biology and the possible conservation of their extravascular functions in endothelial cell biology. RECENT FINDINGS Membrane-anchored proteases belonging to the serine or metalloprotease families contain amino-terminal or carboxy-terminal domains, which serve to tether their extracellular protease domains directly at the plasma membrane. This architecture enables protease function and substrate repertoire to be regulated through dynamic localization in distinct areas of the cell membrane. These proteases are proving to be key components of the cell machinery for regulating vascular permeability, generation of vasoactive peptides, receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, extracellular matrix proteolysis, and angiogenesis. SUMMARY A complex picture of the interdependence between membrane-anchored protease localization and function is emerging that may provide a mechanism for precise coordination of extracellular signals and intracellular responses through communication with the cytoskeleton and with cellular signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Kanemaru A, Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi M, Fukushima T, Lin CY, Johnson MD, Camerer E, Kataoka H. Deregulated matriptase activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma promotes the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts by paracrine activation of protease-activated receptor 2. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:130-141. [PMID: 27615543 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to contribute to cancer progression. We have reported that cell surface expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1) is decreased in invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. This study examined if HAI-1-insufficiency contributes to CAF recruitment in OSCC. Serum-free conditioned medium (SFCM) from a human OSCC line (SAS) stimulated the migration of 3 human fibroblast cell lines, NB1RGB, MRC5 and KD. SFCM from HAI-1-knockdown SAS showed an additive effect on the migration of NB1RGB and MRC5, but not KD. SAS SFCM induced protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expression in NB1RGB and MRC5, but not in KD, and a PAR-2 antagonist blocked the stimulatory effect of HAI-1 knockdown on migration of the PAR-2 expressing cell lines. Moreover, HAI-1-deficient SFCM showed additive stimulatory effects on the migration of wild-type but not PAR-2-deficient mouse fibroblasts. Therefore, the enhanced migration induced by HAI-1-insufficiency was mediated by PAR-2 activation in fibroblasts. This activation resulted from the deregulation of the activity of matriptase, a PAR-2 agonist protease. HAI-1 may thus prevent CAF recruitment to OSCC by controlling matriptase activity. When HAI-1 expression is reduced on OSCC, matriptase may contribute to CAF accumulation by paracrine activation of fibroblast PAR-2. Immunohistochemical analysis of resected OSCC revealed increased PAR2-positive CAFs in 35% (33/95) of the cases studied. The increased PAR-2 positive CAFs tended to correlate with infiltrative histology of the invasion front and shorter disease-free survival of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kanemaru
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makiko Kawaguchi
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fukushima
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chen-Yong Lin
- School of Medicine, Lambardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Michael D Johnson
- School of Medicine, Lambardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Eric Camerer
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Section of Oncopathology and Regenerative Biology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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42
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Martin EW, Buzza MS, Driesbaugh KH, Liu S, Fortenberry YM, Leppla SH, Antalis TM. Targeting the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin with a novel engineered anthrax toxin prodrug to kill tumor cells and reduce tumor burden. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33534-53. [PMID: 26392335 PMCID: PMC4741784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-anchored serine proteases are a unique group of trypsin-like serine proteases that are tethered to the cell surface via transmembrane domains or glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchors. Overexpressed in tumors, with pro-tumorigenic properties, they are attractive targets for protease-activated prodrug-like anti-tumor therapies. Here, we sought to engineer anthrax toxin protective antigen (PrAg), which is proteolytically activated on the cell surface by the proprotein convertase furin to instead be activated by tumor cell-expressed membrane-anchored serine proteases to function as a tumoricidal agent. PrAg's native activation sequence was mutated to a sequence derived from protein C inhibitor (PCI) that can be cleaved by membrane-anchored serine proteases, to generate the mutant protein PrAg-PCIS. PrAg-PCIS was resistant to furin cleavage in vitro, yet cytotoxic to multiple human tumor cell lines when combined with FP59, a chimeric anthrax toxin lethal factor-Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein. Molecular analyses showed that PrAg-PCIS can be cleaved in vitro by several serine proteases including the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin, and mediates increased killing of testisin-expressing tumor cells. Treatment with PrAg-PCIS also potently attenuated the growth of testisin-expressing xenograft tumors in mice. The data indicates PrAg can be engineered to target tumor cell-expressed membrane-anchored serine proteases to function as a potent tumoricidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Martin
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marguerite S Buzza
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kathryn H Driesbaugh
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shihui Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yolanda M Fortenberry
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toni M Antalis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and the Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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43
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Bardou O, Menou A, François C, Duitman JW, von der Thüsen JH, Borie R, Sales KU, Mutze K, Castier Y, Sage E, Liu L, Bugge TH, Fairlie DP, Königshoff M, Crestani B, Borensztajn KS. Membrane-anchored Serine Protease Matriptase Is a Trigger of Pulmonary Fibrogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:847-60. [PMID: 26599507 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0299oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease that remains refractory to current therapies. OBJECTIVES To characterize the expression and activity of the membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase in IPF in humans and unravel its potential role in human and experimental pulmonary fibrogenesis. METHODS Matriptase expression was assessed in tissue specimens from patients with IPF versus control subjects using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting, while matriptase activity was monitored by fluorogenic substrate cleavage. Matriptase-induced fibroproliferative responses and the receptor involved were characterized in human primary pulmonary fibroblasts by Western blot, viability, and migration assays. In the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the consequences of matriptase depletion, either by using the pharmacological inhibitor camostat mesilate (CM), or by genetic down-regulation using matriptase hypomorphic mice, were characterized by quantification of secreted collagen and immunostainings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Matriptase expression and activity were up-regulated in IPF and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In cultured human pulmonary fibroblasts, matriptase expression was significantly induced by transforming growth factor-β. Furthermore, matriptase elicited signaling via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), and promoted fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration. In the experimental bleomycin model, matriptase depletion, by the pharmacological inhibitor CM or by genetic down-regulation, diminished lung injury, collagen production, and transforming growth factor-β expression and signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate increased matriptase expression and activity in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in human IPF and in an experimental mouse model. Overall, targeting matriptase, or treatment by CM, which is already in clinical use for other diseases, may represent potential therapies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bardou
- 1 Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Awen Menou
- 1 Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Charlène François
- 1 Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - Jan Willem Duitman
- 3 Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raphaël Borie
- 2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France.,5 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pulmonology A, Competence Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Katiuchia Uzzun Sales
- 6 Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,7 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- 8 Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Castier
- 9 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Denis Diderot University and Medical School Paris VII, France
| | - Edouard Sage
- 10 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France; and
| | - Ligong Liu
- 11 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- 6 Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David P Fairlie
- 11 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mélanie Königshoff
- 8 Member of the German Center of Lung Research, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Crestani
- 1 Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France.,5 Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Pulmonology A, Competence Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- 1 Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,2 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France
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Hartmann S, Bhola NE, Grandis JR. HGF/Met Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer: Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4005-13. [PMID: 27370607 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date have revealed several major molecular alterations that contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) initiation, progression, metastatic spread, and therapeutic failure. The EGFR is the only FDA-approved therapeutic target, yet responses to cetuximab have been limited. Activation and cross-talk of cellular receptors and consequent activation of different signaling pathways contribute to limited activity of blockade of a single pathway. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, Met, has been implicated in HNSCC tumorigenesis and EGFR inhibitor resistance. HGF, the sole ligand of Met, is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. The role of HGF/Met signaling in proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis has been investigated in HNSCC, leading to clinical trials with various Met inhibitors and HGF antibodies. However, the role of the HGF/Met signaling axis in mediating the tumor microenvironment has been relatively understudied in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of Met and HGF in HNSCC with a focus on the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4005-13. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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45
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Chen CY, Chen CJ, Lai CH, Wu BY, Lee SP, Johnson MD, Lin CY, Wang JK. Increased matriptase zymogen activation by UV irradiation protects keratinocyte from cell death. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Antalis TM. Coagulation signaling to epithelia. Blood 2016; 127:3114-6. [PMID: 27340252 PMCID: PMC4920017 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-715052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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47
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Sun P, Jiang Z, Chen X, Xue L, Mao X, Ruan G, Song Y, Mustea A. Decreasing the ratio of matriptase/HAI‑1 by downregulation of matriptase as a potential adjuvant therapy in ovarian cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1465-74. [PMID: 27356668 PMCID: PMC4940087 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are complex biological processes. Matriptase and its endogenous inhibitor, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‑1 (HAI‑1) are involved in invasion and metastasis. To evaluate the ratio of matriptase/HAI‑1 and their potential therapeutic value in ovarian cancer, HO‑8910 human ovarian cancer cells and the homologous high‑metastatic HO‑8910PM cells were used as in vitro cellular models ovarian cancer. The invasive and metastatic abilities, and the expression of matriptase and HAI‑1 in these cells were detected using scratch assays, Transwell chamber assays, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and fluorescent immunocytochemistry. Following infection with lentivirus‑mediated matriptase‑targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA), cell cycle progression and apoptosis were also analyzed. The migration distance and number of invading HO‑8910PM cells were significantly increased compared with HO‑8910 cells. HO‑8910PM cells exhibited a significantly higher ratio of matriptase/HAI‑1 mRNA levels compared with HO‑8910 cells (0.51 vs. 0.24, ~2.2 fold increase). Compared with HO‑8910 cells, the matriptase mRNA level was increased by ~3.6 fold in HO‑8910PM cells, whereas the HAI‑1 mRNA level was increased by ~1.7 fold. Similar increases in protein expression levels were also observed in HO‑8910PM cells compared with HO‑8910 cells. Migration and invasiveness were positively correlated with matriptase expression level (r=0.994, P<0.01) and the ratio of matriptase/HAI‑1 (r=0.929, P<0.01). Downregulation of matriptase using siRNA resulted in inhibition of the invasive and metastatic abilities of HO‑8910PM cells, cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increased apoptosis. The present study demonstrated that ovarian cancer cell metastasis and invasion were more dependent on upregulation of matriptase levels than downregulation of HAI‑1. Matriptase may be a potential adjuvant therapeutic target for inhibiting ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengming Sun
- Institute of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Xue
- Institute of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Institute of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guanyu Ruan
- Institute of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Institute of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Gynecological Tumor Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Greifswald, D‑17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Cataisson C, Michalowski AM, Shibuya K, Ryscavage A, Klosterman M, Wright L, Dubois W, Liu F, Zhuang A, Rodrigues KB, Hoover S, Dwyer J, Simpson MR, Merlino G, Yuspa SH. MET signaling in keratinocytes activates EGFR and initiates squamous carcinogenesis. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra62. [PMID: 27330189 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is abundant in many human squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but its functional significance in tumorigenesis is not clear. We found that the incidence of carcinogen-induced skin squamous tumors was substantially increased in transgenic MT-HGF (mouse metallothionein-hepatocyte growth factor) mice, which have increased abundance of the MET ligand HGF. Squamous tumors also erupted spontaneously on the skin of MT-HGF mice that were promoted by wounding or the application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C. Carcinogen-initiated tumors had Ras mutations, but spontaneous tumors did not. Cultured keratinocytes from MT-HGF mice and oncogenic RAS-transduced keratinocytes shared phenotypic and biochemical features of initiation that were dependent on autocrine activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through increased synthesis and release of EGFR ligands, which was mediated by the kinase SRC, the pseudoproteases iRhom1 and iRhom2, and the metallopeptidase ADAM17. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR caused the regression of MT-HGF squamous tumors that developed spontaneously in orthografts of MT-HGF keratinocytes combined with dermal fibroblasts and implanted onto syngeneic mice. The global gene expression profile in MET-transformed keratinocytes was highly concordant with that in RAS-transformed keratinocytes, and a core RAS/MET coexpression network was activated in precancerous and cancerous human skin lesions. Tissue arrays revealed that many human skin SCCs have abundant HGF at both the transcript and protein levels. Thus, through the activation of EGFR, MET activation parallels a RAS pathway to contribute to human and mouse cutaneous cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aleksandra M Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kelly Shibuya
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Ryscavage
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Klosterman
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa Wright
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wendy Dubois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anne Zhuang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kameron B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shelley Hoover
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Dwyer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark R Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stuart H Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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49
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Matriptase activation connects tissue factor-dependent coagulation initiation to epithelial proteolysis and signaling. Blood 2016; 127:3260-9. [PMID: 27114461 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-11-683110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulation cascade is designed to sense tissue injury by physical separation of the membrane-anchored cofactor tissue factor (TF) from inactive precursors of coagulation proteases circulating in plasma. Once TF on epithelial and other extravascular cells is exposed to plasma, sequential activation of coagulation proteases coordinates hemostasis and contributes to host defense and tissue repair. Membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs) play critical roles in the development and homeostasis of epithelial barrier tissues; how MASPs are activated in mature epithelia is unknown. We here report that proteases of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation transactivate the MASP matriptase, thus connecting coagulation initiation to epithelial proteolysis and signaling. Exposure of TF-expressing cells to factors (F) VIIa and Xa triggered the conversion of latent pro-matriptase to an active protease, which in turn cleaved the pericellular substrates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) and pro-urokinase. An activation pathway-selective PAR2 mutant resistant to direct cleavage by TF:FVIIa and FXa was activated by these proteases when cells co-expressed pro-matriptase, and matriptase transactivation was necessary for efficient cleavage and activation of wild-type PAR2 by physiological concentrations of TF:FVIIa and FXa. The coagulation initiation complex induced rapid and prolonged enhancement of the barrier function of epithelial monolayers that was dependent on matriptase transactivation and PAR2 signaling. These observations suggest that the coagulation cascade engages matriptase to help coordinate epithelial defense and repair programs after injury or infection, and that matriptase may contribute to TF-driven pathogenesis in cancer and inflammation.
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50
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Venukadasula PKM, Owusu BY, Bansal N, Ross LJ, Hobrath JV, Bao D, Truss JW, Stackhouse M, Messick TE, Klampfer L, Galemmo RA. Design and Synthesis of Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:177-81. [PMID: 26985294 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this letter we report first nonpeptide inhibitors of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activation. These compounds inhibit the three proteases (matriptase, hepsin, and HGF activator) required for HGF maturation. We show that 6, 8a, 8b, and 8d block activation of fibroblast-derived pro-HGF, thus preventing fibroblast-induced scattering of DU145 prostate cancer cells. Compound 6 (SRI 31215) is very soluble (91 μM) and has excellent microsome stability (human t 1/2 = 162 min; mouse t 1/2 = 296 min). In mouse 6 has an in vivo t 1/2 = 5.8 h following IV administration. The high solubility of 6 and IV t 1/2 make this compound a suitable prototype "triplex inhibitor" for the study of the inhibition of HGF activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Troy E. Messick
- The Wistar Institute, 3601
Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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