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Hakami MA, Alotaibi BS, Alkhalil SS, Anwar S, Jairajpuri DS, Hazazi A, Alsulami MO, Jawaid T, Yadav DK, Almasoudi HH. Exploring the promising potential of noscapine for cancer and neurodegenerative disease therapy through inhibition of integrin-linked kinase-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130146. [PMID: 38365140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a β1-integrin cytoplasmic domain interacting protein, supports multi-protein complex formation. ILK-1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases by promoting neuro-inflammation. On the other hand, its overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a major hallmark of cancer and activates various factors associated with a tumorigenic phenotype. Thus, ILK-1 is considered as an attractive therapeutic target. We investigated the binding affinity and ILK-1 inhibitory potential of noscapine (NP) using spectroscopic and docking approaches followed by enzyme inhibition activity. A strong binding affinity of NP was measured for the ILK-1 with estimated Ksv (M-1) values of 1.9 × 105, 3.6 × 105, and 4.0 × 105 and ∆G0 values (kcal/mol) -6.19554, -7.8557 and -8.51976 at 298 K, 303 K, and 305 K, respectively. NP binds to ILK-1 with a docking score of -6.6 kcal/mol and forms strong interactions with active-site pocket residues (Lys220, Arg323, and Asp339). The binding constant for the interaction of NP to ILK-1 was 1.04 × 105 M-1, suggesting strong affinity and excellent ILK-1 inhibitory potential (IC50 of ∼5.23μM). Conformational dynamics of ILK-1 were also studied in the presence of NP. We propose that NP presumably inhibits ILK-1-mediated phosphorylation of various downstream signalling pathways that are involved in cancer cell survival and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia S Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali Hazazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mishal Olayan Alsulami
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Jawaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
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Wang X, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Li D, Shen L, Wang Q, Gao Y, Li X, Yu M. Protein lysine acetylation played an important role in NH 3-induced AEC2 damage and pulmonary fibrosis in piglets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168303. [PMID: 37939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous ammonia (NH3), as a main air pollutant in pig farms and surrounding areas, directly affects animal and human health. The lung, as an important organ for gas exchange in the respiratory system, is damaged after NH3 exposure, but the underlying mechanism needs to be further explored. In this study, seven weeks old piglets were exposed to 50 ppm NH3 for 30 days, and displayed pulmonary fibrosis. Then, the toxicological mechanism of NH3-induced pulmonary fibrosis was explored from the aspects of whole genome wide protein expression and post-translational modification. Totally, 404 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 136 differentially lysine acetylated proteins (DAPs) were identified. The expression or lysine acetylation levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism including fatty acid oxidation (CPT1A, ACADVL, ACADS, HADHA, and HADHB), TCA cycle (IDH2 and MDH2), and oxidative phosphorylation (NDUFB7, NDUFV1, ATP5PB, ATP5F1A, COX5A, and COX5B) were significantly changed after NH3 exposure, which suggested that NH3 disrupted mitochondrial energy metabolism in the lung of piglets. Next, we found that type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) damaged after NH3 exposure in vivo and in vitro. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was enriched in focal adhesion pathway, and showed significantly up-regulated acetylation levels at K191 (FC = 2.99) and K209 sites (FC = 1.52) after NH3 exposure. We illustrated that ILK-K191 hyper-acetylation inhibited AEC2 proliferation and induced AEC2 apoptosis by down-regulating pAKT-S473 in vitro. In conclusion, for the first time, our study revealed that protein acetylation played an important role in the process of NH3-induced pulmonary fibrosis in piglets. Our findings provided valuable insights into toxicological harm of NH3 to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxue Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Daojie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Engineering, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Animal Farming Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mei Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Center for Advanced Science in Animal Breeding and Health Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Ahmed AU, Almasabi S, Firestein R, Williams BRG. Integrin-linked kinase expression in myeloid cells promotes colon tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270194. [PMID: 38077324 PMCID: PMC10710162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and treatment options for advanced CRC, which has a low 5-year survival rate, remain limited. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a multifunctional, scaffolding, pseudo-kinase regulating many integrin-mediated cellular processes, is highly expressed in many cancers. However, the role of ILK in cancer progression is yet to be fully understood. We have previously uncovered a pro-inflammatory role for myeloid-specific ILK in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. To establish a correlation between chronic intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated the role of myeloid-ILK in mouse models of CRC. When myeloid-ILK deficient mice along with the WT control mice were subjected to colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, tumour burden was reduced by myeloid-ILK deficiency in both models. The tumour-promoting phenotype of macrophages, M2 polarization, in vitro was impaired by the ILK deficiency and the number of M2-specific marker CD206-expressing tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vivo were significantly diminished in myeloid-ILK deficient mice. Myeloid-ILK deficient mice showed enhanced tumour infiltration of CD8+ T cells and reduced tumour infiltration of FOXP3+ T cells in colitis-associated and APCmin/+-driven CRC, respectively, with an overall elevated CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio suggesting an anti-tumour immune phenotypes. In patient CRC tissue microarrays we observed elevated ILK+ myeloid (ILK+ CD11b+) cells in tumour sections compared to adjacent normal tissues, suggesting a conserved role for myeloid-ILK in CRC development in both human and animal models. This study identifies myeloid-specific ILK expression as novel driver of CRC, which could be targeted as a potential therapeutic option for advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar U Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Saleh Almasabi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Cunningham A, Brown M, Dresselhuis J, Robinson N, Hervie K, Cox ME, Mills J. Combination Effects of Integrin-linked Kinase and Abelson Kinase Inhibition on Aberrant Mitosis and Cell Death in Glioblastoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:906. [PMID: 37508338 PMCID: PMC10376030 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In cancer cells, inhibition of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) increases centrosome declustering causing mitotic arrest and cell death. Yet, not all cancer cells are susceptible to anti-ILK treatment alone. We investigate a combination drug strategy targeting ILK and another oncogenic kinase, Abelson kinase (ABL). Drug-concentration viability assays (i.e., MTT assays) indicate that ILK and ABL inhibitors in combination decreased the viability of glioblastoma cells over the ILK drug QLT-0267 alone. Combination strategies also increased aberrant mitoses and cell death over QLT-0267 alone. This was evident from an increase in mitotic arrest, apoptosis and a sub-G1 peak following FAC analysis. In vitro, ILK and ABL localized to the centrosome and the putative ILK kinase domain was important for this localization. Increased levels of cytosolic ABL are associated with its transformative abilities. ILK inhibitor effects on survival correlated with its ability to decrease cytosolic ABL levels and inhibit ABL's localization to mitotic centrosomes in glioblastoma cells. ILK inhibitor effects on ABL's centrosomal localization were reversed by the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 (a drug that inhibits ABL degradation). These results indicate that ILK regulates ABL at mitotic centrosomes and that combination treatments targeting ILK and ABL are more effective then QLT-0267 alone at decreasing the survival of dividing glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Maddisen Brown
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Robinson
- Vancouver Prostate Center and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Keni Hervie
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
| | - Michael E Cox
- Vancouver Prostate Center and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC V2Y 1Y1, Canada
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Kim D, Chen D, Ahsan N, Jorge GL, Thelen JJ, Stacey G. The Raf-like MAPKKK INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1572-1592. [PMID: 36762404 PMCID: PMC10118279 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gabriel Lemes Jorge
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Goddi A, Carmona A, Park SY, Dalgin G, Gonzalez Porras MA, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminin-α4 Negatively Regulates Adipocyte Beiging Through the Suppression of AMPKα in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6704644. [PMID: 36124842 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-α4 (LAMA4) is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function. Prior research describes a role for LAMA4 in modulating adipocyte thermogenesis and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we describe that Lama4 knockout mice (Lama4-/-) exhibit heightened mitochondrial biogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) expression in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Furthermore, the acute silencing of LAMA4 with small interfering RNA in primary murine adipocytes was sufficient to upregulate the expression of thermogenic markers UCP1 and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16). Silencing also resulted in an upregulation of PGC1-α and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α expression. Subsequently, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is downregulated in the sWAT of Lama4-/- mice, and its silencing in adipocytes similarly resulted in elevated expression of UCP1 and AMPKα. Last, we demonstrate that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thermogenic adipocytes with LAMA4 (LN411) inhibited the expression of thermogenic markers and AMPKα. Overall, our results indicate that LAMA4 negatively regulates a thermogenic phenotype and pathways involving mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the suppression of AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Alanis Carmona
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gokhan Dalgin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Khaleel A, Zakariya AB, Niazi M, Qinna NA, Dayyih WA, Tarkhan AH. Pathway Analysis of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:466-472. [PMID: 35952682 DOI: 10.1055/a-1886-2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronaviruses are emerging threats for human health, as demonstrated by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to SARS-CoV-1, which was the cause of the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak, but SARS-CoV-1 has been the subject of a relatively limited number of studies. Understanding the potential pathways and molecular targets of SARS-CoV-1 will contribute to current drug repurposing strategies by helping to predict potential drug-disease associations. METHODS A microarray dataset, GSE1739, of 10 SARS patients and 4 healthy controls was downloaded from NCBI's GEO repository, and differential expression was identified using NCBI's GEO2R software. Pathway and enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes was carried out using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, respectively. RESULTS Our findings show that the drugs dexamethasone, filgrastim, interferon alfacon-1, and levodopa were among the most significant upstream regulators of differential gene expression in SARS patients, while neutrophil degranulation was the most significantly enriched pathway. CONCLUSION An enhanced understanding of the pathways and molecular targets of SARS-CoV-1 in humans will contribute to current and future drug repurposing strategies, which are an essential tool to combat rapidly emerging health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khaleel
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mohammad Niazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Brauer EK, Ahsan N, Popescu GV, Thelen JJ, Popescu SC. Back From the Dead: The Atypical Kinase Activity of a Pseudokinase Regulator of Cation Fluxes During Inducible Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931324. [PMID: 36035673 PMCID: PMC9403797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudokinases are thought to lack phosphotransfer activity due to altered canonical catalytic residues within their kinase domain. However, a subset of pseudokinases maintain activity through atypical phosphotransfer mechanisms. The Arabidopsis ILK1 is a pseudokinase from the Raf-like MAP3K family and is the only known plant pseudokinase with confirmed protein kinase activity. ILK1 activity promotes disease resistance and molecular pattern-induced root growth inhibition through its stabilization of the HAK5 potassium transporter with the calmodulin-like protein CML9. ILK1 also has a kinase-independent function in salt stress suggesting that it interacts with additional proteins. We determined that members of the ILK subfamily are the sole pseudokinases within the Raf-like MAP3K family and identified 179 novel putative ILK1 protein interactors. We also identified 70 novel peptide targets for ILK1, the majority of which were phosphorylated in the presence of Mn2+ instead of Mg2+ in line with modifications in ILK1's DFG cofactor binding domain. Overall, the ILK1-targeted or interacting proteins included diverse protein types including transporters (HAK5, STP1), protein kinases (MEKK1, MEKK3), and a cytokinin receptor (AHK2). The expression of 31 genes encoding putative ILK1-interacting or phosphorylated proteins, including AHK2, were altered in the root and shoot in response to molecular patterns suggesting a role for these genes in immunity. We describe a potential role for ILK1 interactors in the context of cation-dependent immune signaling, highlighting the importance of K+ in MAMP responses. This work further supports the notion that ILK1 is an atypical kinase with an unusual cofactor dependence that may interact with multiple proteins in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Brauer
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - George V. Popescu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jay J. Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sorina C. Popescu
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, United States
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García-Marín J, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Vaquero JJ. Insight into the mechanism of molecular recognition between human Integrin-Linked Kinase and Cpd22 and its implication at atomic level. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:575-589. [PMID: 35869378 PMCID: PMC9512720 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
AbsractPseudokinases have received increasing attention over the past decade because of their role in different physiological phenomena. Although pseudokinases lack several active-site residues, thereby hindering their catalytic activity, recent discoveries have shown that these proteins can play a role in intracellular signaling thanks to their non-catalytic functions. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was discovered more than two decades ago and was subsequently validated as a promising target for neoplastic diseases. Since then, only a few small-molecule inhibitors have been described, with the V-shaped pyrazole Cpd22 being the most interesting and characterized. However, little is known about its detailed mechanism of action at atomic level. In this study, using a combination of computational chemistry methods including PELE calculations, docking, molecular dynamics and experimental surface plasmon resonance, we were able to prove the direct binding of this molecule to ILK, thus providing the basis of its molecular recognition by the protein and the effect over its architecture. Our breakthroughs show that Cpd22 binding stabilizes the ILK domain by binding to the pseudo-active site in a similar way to the ATP, possibly modulating its scaffolding properties as pseudokinase. Moreover, our results explain the experimental observations obtained during Cpd22 development, thus paving the way to the development of new chemical probes and potential drugs.
Graphical abstract
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Li Z, Ren D, Chen C, Sun L, Fang K. OSU-T315 and doxorubicin synergistically induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in bladder cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1672-1681. [PMID: 35830716 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urological malignancy that still lacks an effective treatment. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers, including BC. However, chemoresistance often hampers the clinical application of Dox, therefore, it is necessary to develop effective strategies to improve its efficacy. By using high-throughput screening, we identified OSU-T315, an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, that can augment the cytotoxicity of Dox against BC cells. We found that OSU-T315 and Dox synergistically induce apoptosis of BC cells via mitochondrial pathway in a caspase-dependent. Mechanically, it was found that OSU-T315 and Dox synergistically induced activation of Bax which is critical for the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, it was also found that the downregulation of BCL-2 and MCL-1 is essential for the activation of BAX induced by OSU-T315 and Dox. OSU-T315 was found to downregulate MCL-1 via the GSK-3β/FBXW7 axis in BC cells. Our findings suggest that combined treatment with OSU-T315 and Dox may be a promising strategy to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danhong Ren
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital/Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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The kinase activity of integrin-linked kinase regulates cellular senescence in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:577. [PMID: 35778385 PMCID: PMC9249761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in cancerous cells is often oncogenic and associated with malignant properties, such as uncontrolled cell cycle progression and evasion from senescence. However, the role of ILK in cellular senescence in gastric cancer (GC) has not been previously examined. We generated single-cell clones of ILK knock-out using CRISPR-Cas9 in human GC lines with mesenchymal or epithelial histology. Cells with no residual ILK expression exhibited strong cellular senescence with diminished clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Surprisingly, ILK loss-induced cellular senescence appeared to be independent of its function in integrin signaling. The low dose of CPD22, a small molecule inhibitor of ILK activity-induced senescence in three GC cell lines with different histologies. Furthermore, senescent cells with ILK depletion transfected with N-terminal truncated ILK mutant remaining catalytic domains displayed the reduction of senescent phenotypes. RNA sequencing and cytokine array results revealed the enrichment of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in GC lines in the absence of ILK. Our study identified the important role and the potential mechanism of ILK in the cellular senescence of cancerous epithelial cells. The inhibition of ILK activity using small molecule compounds could have a pro-senescent effect as a therapeutic option for GC.
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. New Perspectives on the Role of Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Signaling in Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133209. [PMID: 35804980 PMCID: PMC9264971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Today, the vast majority of deaths from cancer are due to cancer metastasis. Metastasis requires that cancer cells escape from the initial tumor, travel through blood vessels, and form new tumors in distant host tissues. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is overexpressed by many types of cancer cells and provides both structural and signaling functions that are important for successful metastasis. Here, we discuss recent findings that show how ILK is involved in promoting physical changes important for cell motility and invasion, and how ILK relays signals to other machinery components during metastasis, including interactions with components of the immune system and communication between cancer cells and normal cells, to affect the process of metastasis. We also discuss the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and examine efforts to target ILK for the treatment of metastatic disease. Abstract Cancer metastasis is a major barrier to the long-term survival of cancer patients. In cancer cells, integrin engagement downstream of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions results in the recruitment of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules to form multi-protein complexes to promote processes critical for metastasis. One of the major functional components of these complexes is Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK). Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the importance of ILK as a signaling effector in processes linked to tumor progression and metastasis. New mechanistic insights as to the role of ILK in cellular plasticity, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, including the impact of ILK on the formation of invadopodia, filopodia-like protrusions (FLPs), and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-induced motility are highlighted. Recent findings detailing the contribution of ILK to therapeutic resistance and the importance of ILK as a potentially therapeutically tractable vulnerability in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies are discussed. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of ILK activity using specific small molecule inhibitors is effective in curtailing the contribution of ILK to these processes, potentially offering a novel therapeutic avenue for inhibiting critical steps in the metastatic cascade leading to reduced drug resistance and increased therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Mierke CT, Hayn A, Fischer T. PINCH1 Promotes Fibroblast Migration in Extracellular Matrices and Influences Their Mechanophenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869563. [PMID: 35652097 PMCID: PMC9149598 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration performs a critical function in numerous physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis or wound healing after tissue injury, as well as pathological processes that include malignant progression of cancer. The efficiency of cell migration and invasion appears to be based on the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton. The properties of the cytoskeleton depend on internal cytoskeletal and external environmental factors. A reason for this are connections between the cell and its local matrix microenvironment, which are established by cell-matrix adhesion receptors. Upon activation, focal adhesion proteins such as PINCH1 are recruited to sites where focal adhesions form. PINCH1 specifically couples through interactions with ILK, which binds to cell matrix receptors and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, the role of PINCH1 in cell mechanics regulating cellular motility in 3D collagen matrices is still unclear. PINCH1 is thought to facilitate 3D motility by regulating cellular mechanical properties, such as stiffness. In this study, PINCH1 wild-type and knock-out cells were examined for their ability to migrate in dense extracellular 3D matrices. Indeed, PINCH1 wild-type cells migrated more numerously and deeper in 3D matrices, compared to knock-out cells. Moreover, cellular deformability was determined, e.g., elastic modulus (stiffness). PINCH1 knock-out cells are more deformable (compliable) than PINCH1 wild-type cells. Migration of both PINCH1−/− cells and PINCH1fl/fl cells was decreased by Latrunculin A inhibition of actin polymerization, suggesting that actin cytoskeletal differences are not responsible for the discrepancy in invasiveness of the two cell types. However, the mechanical phenotype of PINCH1−/− cells may be reflected by Latrunculin A treatment of PINCH1fl/fl cells, as they exhibit resembling deformability to untreated PINCH1−/− cells. Moreover, an apparent mismatch exists between the elongation of the long axis and the contraction of the short axis between PINCH1fl/fl cells and PINCH1−/− cells following Latrunculin A treatment. There is evidence of this indicating a shift in the proxy values for Poisson’s ratio in PINCH1−/− cells compared with PINCH1fl/fl cells. This is probably attributable to modifications in cytoskeletal architecture. The non-muscle myosin II inhibitor Blebbistatin also reduced the cell invasiveness in 3D extracellular matrices but instead caused a stiffening of the cells. Finally, PINCH1 is apparently essential for providing cellular mechanical stiffness through the actin cytoskeleton, which regulates 3D motility.
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14
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Meng X, Yu Y, Song T, Yu Y, Cui N, Ma Z, Chen L, Fan H. Transcriptome Sequence Analysis of the Defense Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Cucumber Strains to Podosphaera xanthii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872218. [PMID: 35645993 PMCID: PMC9134894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) caused by Podosphaera xanthii poses a continuous threat to the performance and yield of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Control in the initial stages of infection is particularly important. Here, we studied the differential physiological and transcriptomic changes between PM-resistant strain B21-a-2-1-2 and PM-susceptible strain B21-a-2-2-2 at the early stage of P. xanthii attack. When challenged with P. xanthii, the tolerant line can postpone the formation of the pathogen primary germ. Comparative transcriptomic analysis suggested that DEGs related to the cell wall and to pathogen and hormone responses were similar enriched in both cucumber lines under P. xanthii infection. Notably, the number of DEGs triggered by P. xanthii in B21-a-2-1-2 was quintuple that in B21-a-2-2-2, revealing that the success of defense of resistant cucumber is due to rapidly mobilizing multiple responses. The unique responses detected were genes related to SA signaling, MAPK signaling, and Dof and WRKY transcription factors. Furthermore, 5 P. xanthii -inducible hub genes were identified, including GLPK, ILK1, EIN2, BCDHβ1, and RGGA, which are considered to be key candidate genes for disease control. This study combined multiple analytical approaches to capture potential molecular players and will provide key resources for developing cucumber cultivars resistant to pathogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Cui
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhangtong Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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15
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ATP allosterically stabilizes integrin-linked kinase for efficient force generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2106098119. [PMID: 35259013 PMCID: PMC8933812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106098119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pseudokinase integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a central component of focal adhesions, cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that integrate and transduce biochemical and mechanical signals from the extracellular environment into the cell and vice versa. However, the precise molecular functions, particularly the mechanosensory properties of ILK and the significance of retained adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding, are still unclear. Combining molecular-dynamics simulations with cell biology, we establish a role for ATP binding to pseudokinases. We find that ATP promotes the structural stability of ILK, allosterically influences the interaction between ILK and its binding partner parvin at adhesions, and enhances the mechanoresistance of this complex. On the cellular level, ATP binding facilitates efficient traction force buildup, focal adhesion stabilization, and efficient cell migration. Focal adhesions link the actomyosin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix regulating cell adhesion, shape, and migration. Adhesions are dynamically assembled and disassembled in response to extrinsic and intrinsic forces, but how the essential adhesion component integrin-linked kinase (ILK) dynamically responds to mechanical force and what role adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bound to this pseudokinase plays remain elusive. Here, we apply force–probe molecular-dynamics simulations of human ILK:α-parvin coupled to traction force microscopy to explore ILK mechanotransducing functions. We identify two key salt-bridge–forming arginines within the allosteric, ATP-dependent force-propagation network of ILK. Disrupting this network by mutation impedes parvin binding, focal adhesion stabilization, force generation, and thus migration. Under tension, ATP shifts the balance from rupture of the complex to protein unfolding, indicating that ATP increases the force threshold required for focal adhesion disassembly. Our study proposes a role of ATP as an obligatory binding partner for structural and mechanical integrity of the pseudokinase ILK, ensuring efficient cellular force generation and migration.
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16
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Indoxyl sulfate- and P-cresol-induced monocyte adhesion and migration is mediated by integrin-linked kinase-dependent podosome formation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:226-238. [PMID: 35246616 PMCID: PMC8980039 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl and indoxyl sulfate (IS), are poorly removed during hemodialysis, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte extravasation. These processes can be related to dynamic adhesion structures called podosomes. Several studies have indicated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the accumulation of integrin-associated proteins in podosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of ILK and podosome formation in the adhesion and extravasation of monocytes under p-cresol (pc) and IS exposure. Incubation of THP-1 human monocyte cells with these toxins upregulated ILK kinase activity. Together, both toxins increased cell adhesion, podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation, and migration of THP-1 cells, whereas ILK depletion with specific small interfering RNAs suppressed these processes. Interestingly, F-actin colocalized with cortactin in podosome cores, while ILK was colocalized in podosome rings under toxin stimulation. Podosome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-interacting protein (WIP) and AKT protein depletion demonstrated that monocyte adhesion depends on podosome formation and that the ILK/AKT signaling pathway is involved in these processes. Ex vivo experiments showed that both toxins induced adhesion and podosome formation in leukocytes from wild-type mice, whereas these effects were not observed in leukocytes of conditional ILK-knockdown animals. In summary, under pc and IS stimulation, monocytes increase podosome formation and transmigratory capacity through an ILK/AKT signaling pathway-dependent mechanism, which could lead to vascular injury. Therefore, ILK could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular damage associated with CKD. An enzyme involved in organizing structural proteins into protrusions of the cell membrane helps facilitate the movement of white blood cells that occurs in chronic kidney disease and can lead to cardiovascular damage. Laura Calleros from the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain, and colleagues showed how toxic metabolites that build up in the bloodstream as kidneys fail induce the activity of an enzyme called integrin-linked kinase (ILK). This enzyme in turn spurs white blood cells to form protrusions called podosomes that make the cells more mobile, enabling them to move out of blood vessels and into surrounding tissues where they can cause inflammation -mediated injury. ILK inactivation reversed these effects. Therapies that target the enzyme could therefore help limit the cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease.
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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18
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Górska A, Mazur AJ. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK): the known vs. the unknown and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:100. [PMID: 35089438 PMCID: PMC8799556 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional molecular actor in cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, and anchorage-dependent cell growth. It combines functions of a signal transductor and a scaffold protein through its interaction with integrins, then facilitating further protein recruitment within the ILK-PINCH-Parvin complex. ILK is involved in crucial cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which reflects on systemic changes in the kidney, heart, muscle, skin, and vascular system, also during the embryonal development. Dysfunction of ILK underlies the pathogenesis of various diseases, including the pro-oncogenic activity in tumorigenesis. ILK localizes mostly to the cell membrane and remains an important component of focal adhesion. We do know much about ILK but a lot still remains either uncovered or unclear. Although it was initially classified as a serine/threonine-protein kinase, its catalytical activity is now questioned due to structural and functional issues, leaving the exact molecular mechanism of signal transduction by ILK unsolved. While it is known that the three isoforms of ILK vary in length, the presence of crucial domains, and modification sites, most of the research tends to focus on the main isoform of this protein while the issue of functional differences of ILK2 and ILK3 still awaits clarification. The activity of ILK is regulated on the transcriptional, protein, and post-transcriptional levels. The crucial role of phosphorylation and ubiquitylation has been investigated, but the functions of the vast majority of modifications are still unknown. In the light of all those open issues, here we present an extensive literature survey covering a wide spectrum of latest findings as well as a past-to-present view on controversies regarding ILK, finishing with pointing out some open questions to be resolved by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Górska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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Garcia-Marin J, Griera-Merino M, Matamoros-Recio A, de Frutos S, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Alajarín R, Vaquero JJ, Rodríguez-Puyol D. Tripeptides as Integrin-Linked Kinase Modulating Agents Based on a Protein-Protein Interaction with α-Parvin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1656-1662. [PMID: 34790291 PMCID: PMC8591738 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
Integrin-linked
kinase (ILK) has emerged as a controversial pseudokinase
protein that plays a crucial role in the signaling process initiated
by integrin-mediated signaling. However, ILK also exhibits a scaffolding
protein function inside cells, controlling cytoskeletal dynamics,
and has been related to non-neoplastic diseases such as chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Although this protein always acts as a heterotrimeric
complex bound to PINCH and parvin adaptor proteins, the role of parvin
proteins is currently not well understood. Using in silico approaches
for the design, we have generated and prepared a set of new tripeptides
mimicking an α-parvin segment. These derivatives exhibit activity
in phenotypic assays in an ILK-dependent manner without altering kinase
activity, thus allowing the generation of new chemical probes and
drug candidates with interesting ILK-modulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Marin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Mercedes Griera-Merino
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Graphenano Medical Care, S.L, Yecla 30510, Spain
| | - Alejandra Matamoros-Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT) y Instituto de Salud Carlos III (REDinREN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT) y Instituto de Salud Carlos III (REDinREN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ramón Alajarín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Fundación de Investigación Biomédica, Unidad de Nefrología del Hospital Príncipe de Asturias y Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9100, Madrid 28034, Spain
- Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT) y Instituto de Salud Carlos III (REDinREN), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Ying YT, Ren WJ, Tan X, Yang J, Liu R, Du AF. Annexin A2-Mediated Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus into Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Requires Its Interaction with Clumping Factor B. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2090. [PMID: 34683411 PMCID: PMC8538401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of contagious mastitis in dairy cattle. Internalization of S. aureus by bovine mammary gland epithelial cells is thought to be responsible for persistent and chronic intramammary infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the role of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a membrane-binding protein, in S. aureus invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). In vitro binding assays were performed to co-immunoprecipitate the binding proteins of AnxA2 in the lysates of S. aureus. RESULTS AnxA2 mediated the internalization but not adherence of S. aureus. Engagement of AnxA2 stimulated an integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK)/p38 MAPK cascade to induce S. aureus invasion. One of the AnxA2-precipitated proteins was identified as S. aureus clumping factor B (ClfB) through use of mass spectrometry. Direct binding of ClfB to AnxA2 was further confirmed by using a pull-down assay. Pre-incubation with recombinant ClfB protein enhanced S. aureus internalization, an effect that was specially blocked by anti-AnxA2 antibody. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that binding of ClfB to AnxA2 has a function in promoting S. aureus internalization. Targeting the interaction of ClfB and AnxA2 may confer protection against S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Ying
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jia Ren
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
| | - Ai-Fang Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Tsirtsaki K, Gkretsi V. The focal adhesion protein Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) as an important player in breast cancer pathogenesis. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:204-213. [PMID: 33043811 PMCID: PMC7553581 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1829263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions, or focal adhesions (FA), are crucial for tissue homeostasis but are also implicated in cancer. Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) is an abundantly expressed FA protein involved in multiple signaling pathways. Here, we reviewed the current literature on the role of ILK in breast cancer (BC). Articles included in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as studies in human BC samples. ILK attenuation via silencing or pharmaceutical inhibition, leads to apoptosis or inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cell invasion whereas ILK overexpression suppresses anoikis and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Finally, ILK is upregulated in BC tumors and its expression is associated with grade, and metastasis. Therefore, ILK should be evaluated as a potential anti-cancer pharmaceutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsirtsaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus , Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Mrówczyńska E, Mazur AJ. Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Plays an Important Role in the Laminin-Dependent Development of Dorsal Root Ganglia during Chicken Embryogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071666. [PMID: 34359835 PMCID: PMC8304069 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is mainly localized in focal adhesions where it interacts and modulates the downstream signaling of integrins affecting cell migration, adhesion, and survival. The interaction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells, being part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), with the extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins is crucial for proper PNS development. A few studies have focused on ILK’s role in PNS development, but none of these have focused on chicken. Therefore, we decided to investigate ILK’s role in the development of Gallus gallus domesticus’s DRG. First, using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and in situ hybridization, we show that ILK is expressed in DRG. Next, by immunocytochemistry, we show ILK’s localization both intracellularly and on the cell membrane of DRG neurons and Schwann cell precursors (SCPs). Finally, we describe ILK’s involvement in multiple aspects of DRG development by performing functional experiments in vitro. IgG-mediated interruption of ILK’s action improved DRG neurite outgrowth, modulated their directionality, stimulated SCPs migration, and impacted growth cone morphology in the presence of laminin-1 or laminin-1 mimicking peptide IKVAV. Taken together, our results show that ILK is important for chicken PNS development, probably via its exposure to the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mrówczyńska
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (A.J.M.); Tel.: +48-71-375-7972 (E.M.); +48-71-375-6206 (A.J.M.)
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (A.J.M.); Tel.: +48-71-375-7972 (E.M.); +48-71-375-6206 (A.J.M.)
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Abstract
Integrin linked kinase (ILK) is a vital signaling protein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. It binds to intracellular integrins to help promote signaling related to cell adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and a plethora of other common cellular functions. In this review, ILKs role in the liver is detailed. Studies have shown ILK to be a major participant in hepatic ECM organization, liver regeneration, insulin resistance, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martucci
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PAUSA
| | | | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PAUSA
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24
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Integrin-Linked Kinase (ILK) Regulates Urinary Stem Cells Differentiation into Smooth Muscle via NF- κB Signal Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6633111. [PMID: 33854551 PMCID: PMC8019365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Urinary stem cells (USCs) have the capacity for unlimited growth and are promising tools for the investigations of cell differentiation and urinary regeneration. However, the limited life span significantly restricts their usefulness. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiation of the dog USCs and investigating its molecular mechanism. Methods An immortalized USCs cell line with the molecular markers and biological functions was prepared. After successfully inducing the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, the expression level of the unique key factor and its mechanisms in this process was determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or Immunofluorescence staining. Results We found that high cell density promoted USCs differentiation SMCs, and ILK was necessary for USCs differentiation into SMCs. Knocking down ILK decreased the expression of SMCs specific-marker, while using a selective ILK agonist increased the expression of SMCs specific-marker. Furthermore, ILK regulated SMCs differentiation in part through the activation of NF-κB pathway in USCs. A NF-κB activity assay showed overexpression of ILK could significantly upregulate NF-κB p50 expression, and NF-κB p50 acts as downstream signal molecular of ILK. Conclusion High cell density induces the differentiation of USCs into SMCs, and ILK is a key regulator of myogenesis. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway might play a crucial role in this process.
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Bhargava M, Viken KJ, Barkes B, Griffin TJ, Gillespie M, Jagtap PD, Sajulga R, Peterson EJ, Dincer HE, Li L, Restrepo CI, O'Connor BP, Fingerlin TE, Perlman DM, Maier LA. Novel protein pathways in development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13282. [PMID: 32764642 PMCID: PMC7413390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary involvement occurs in up to 95% of sarcoidosis cases. In this pilot study, we examine lung compartment-specific protein expression to identify pathways linked to development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis. We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluid (BALF) proteins in recently diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. We identified 4,306 proteins in BAL cells, of which 272 proteins were differentially expressed in sarcoidosis compared to controls. These proteins map to novel pathways such as integrin-linked kinase and IL-8 signaling and previously implicated pathways in sarcoidosis, including phagosome maturation, clathrin-mediated endocytic signaling and redox balance. In the BALF, the differentially expressed proteins map to several pathways identified in the BAL cells. The differentially expressed BALF proteins also map to aryl hydrocarbon signaling, communication between innate and adaptive immune response, integrin, PTEN and phospholipase C signaling, serotonin and tryptophan metabolism, autophagy, and B cell receptor signaling. Additional pathways that were different between progressive and non-progressive sarcoidosis in the BALF included CD28 signaling and PFKFB4 signaling. Our studies demonstrate the power of contemporary proteomics to reveal novel mechanisms operational in sarcoidosis. Application of our workflows in well-phenotyped large cohorts maybe beneficial to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and therapeutically tenable molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Bhargava
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - K J Viken
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B Barkes
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T J Griffin
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Gillespie
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - P D Jagtap
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R Sajulga
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - E J Peterson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H E Dincer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C I Restrepo
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - B P O'Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - T E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D M Perlman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 276, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L A Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Genetic Animal Models for Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32670084 PMCID: PMC7327121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has been clinically defined since the 1980s and causes right or biventricular cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular arrhythmia. Although it is a rare cardiac disease, it is responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths, especially in athletes. The majority of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy carry one or more genetic variants in desmosomal genes. In the 1990s, several knockout mouse models of genes encoding for desmosomal proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion revealed for the first time embryonic lethality due to cardiac defects. Influenced by these initial discoveries in mice, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy received an increasing interest in human cardiovascular genetics, leading to the discovery of mutations initially in desmosomal genes and later on in more than 25 different genes. Of note, even in the clinic, routine genetic diagnostics are important for risk prediction of patients and their relatives with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Based on improvements in genetic animal engineering, different transgenic, knock-in, or cardiac-specific knockout animal models for desmosomal and nondesmosomal proteins have been generated, leading to important discoveries in this field. Here, we present an overview about the existing animal models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with a focus on the underlying pathomechanism and its importance for understanding of this disease. Prospectively, novel mechanistic insights gained from the whole animal, organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels will lead to the development of efficient personalized therapies for treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Extracellular matrix, integrins, and focal adhesion signaling in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109646. [PMID: 32311505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the inexorable growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts leads to massively enlarged kidneys, renal interstitial damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, and progressive decline in kidney function. It has long been recognized that interstitial fibrosis is the most important manifestation associated with end-stage renal disease; however, the role of abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) production on ADPKD pathogenesis is not fully understood. Early evidence showed that cysts in end-stage human ADPKD kidneys had thickened and extensively laminated cellular basement membranes, and abnormal regulation of gene expression of several basement membrane components, including collagens, laminins, and proteoglycans by cyst epithelial cells. These basement membrane changes were also observed in dilated tubules and small cysts of early ADPKD kidneys, indicating that ECM alterations were early features of cyst development. Renal cystic cells were also found to overexpress several integrins and their ligands, including ECM structural components and soluble matricellular proteins. ECM ligands binding to integrins stimulate focal adhesion formation and can promote cell attachment and migration. Abnormal expression of laminin-332 (laminin-5) and its receptor α6β4 stimulated cyst epithelial cell proliferation; and mice that lacked laminin α5, a component of laminin-511 normally expressed by renal tubules, had an overexpression of laminin-332 that was associated with renal cyst formation. Periostin, a matricellular protein that binds αVβ3- and αVβ5-integrins, was found to be highly overexpressed in the kidneys of ADPKD and autosomal recessive PKD patients, and several rodent models of PKD. αVβ3-integrin is also overexpressed by cystic epithelial cells, and the binding of periostin to αVβ3-integrin activates the integrin-linked kinase and downstream signal transduction pathways involved in tissue repair promoting cyst growth, ECM synthesis, and tissue fibrosis. This chapter reviews the roles of the ECM, integrins, and focal adhesion signaling in cyst growth and fibrosis in PKD.
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28
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Borger P, Schneider M, Frick L, Langiewicz M, Sorokin M, Buzdin A, Kachaylo E, Graf R, Humar B, Clavien PA. Exploration of the Transcriptional Landscape of ALPPS Reveals the Pathways of Accelerated Liver Regeneration. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1206. [PMID: 31824837 PMCID: PMC6882302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: ALPPS (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy), a novel 2-staged hepatectomy, dramatically accelerates liver regeneration and thus enables extensive liver tumor resection. The signaling networks underlying the ALPPS-induced accelerated regeneration process are largely unknown. Methods: We performed transcriptome profiling (TP) of liver tissue obtained from a mouse model of ALPPS, standard hepatectomy (68% model), and additional control surgeries (sham, PVL and Tx). We also performed TP using human liver biopsies (n = 5) taken from the occluded lobe and the future liver remnant (FLR) during the first step of ALPPS surgery (4–5 h apart). We used Oncofinder computational tools, which covers 378 ISPs, for unsupervised, unbiased quantification of ISP activity. Results: Gene expression cluster analysis revealed an ALPPS specific signature: the IGF1R Signaling Pathway (Cell survival), the ILK Pathway (Induced cell proliferation), and the IL-10 Pathway (Stability determination) were significantly enriched, whereas the activity of the Interferon Pathway (Transcription) was reduced (p < 0.05). Further, the PAK- and ILK-associated ISPs were activated at an earlier time point, reflecting significant acceleration of liver regeneration (p < 0.001). These pathways, which were also recovered in human liver biopsies, control cell growth and proliferation, inflammatory response, and hypoxia-related processes. Conclusions: ALPPS is not a straightforward addition of portal vein ligation (PVL) plus transection—it is more. The early stages of normal and accelerated liver regeneration are clearly discernible by a significantly increased and earlier activation of a small number of signaling pathways. Compounds mimicking these responses may help to improve the ALPPS method and further reduce the hospitalization time of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Borger
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Schneider
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Frick
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magda Langiewicz
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksim Sorokin
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Buzdin
- OmicsWay Corp., Walnut, CA, United States.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Oncobox Ltd., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kachaylo
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tan J, Digicaylioglu M, Wang SX, Dresselhuis J, Dedhar S, Mills J. Insulin attenuates apoptosis in neuronal cells by an integrin-linked kinase-dependent mechanism. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02294. [PMID: 31463398 PMCID: PMC6706370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin promotes neuronal survival by activating a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/AKT-dependent signaling pathway and reducing caspase activation. We investigated a role for integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in insulin-mediated cell survival in cultured neurons and differentiated R28 cells. We used a serum and depolarization withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons and a serum withdrawal model to induce apoptosis in differentiated R28 cells. ILK knock-out decreased insulin-mediated protection as did the addition of pharmacological inhibitors of ILK, KP-392 or QLT-0267. Prosurvival effects of insulin were rescued by Boc-Asp (O-methyl)-CH2F (BAF), a pancaspase inhibitor, in the presence of KP-392. Insulin and IGF-1 decreased caspase-3 activation, an effect that was inhibited by KP-392 and QLT-0267. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin-induced stimulation of AKT Ser-473 phosphorylation was decreased after the ILK gene was conditionally knocked-out, following overexpression of AKT-DN or in the presence of QLT-0267. Insulin and IGF-1 stimulated ILK kinase activity in primary neurons and this was inhibited following ILK-DN overexpression. Western blot analysis indicates that insulin exposure upregulated the expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAP2 in an extracellular matrix-dependent manner, an effect blocked by KP-392. These results indicate that ILK is an important effector in insulin-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tan
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Murat Digicaylioglu
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Physiology, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stacy X.J. Wang
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Dresselhuis
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia Mills
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular switches in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to profile the gene alterations involved in PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in patients with CRC. METHODS Tumoral and matched peritumoral tissues were collected from 15 CRC patients who went routine surgery. A human PI3K-AKT signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, which profiled the transcriptional changes of a total number of 84 genes involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway, was then applied to determine the gene alterations in CRC tumoral tissue with matched peritumoral tissue as a healthy control. Subsequent real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blot (WB) with different subgroups of CRC patients were then performed to further validate the array findings. RESULTS The PCR array identified 14 aberrantly expressed genes involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC tumoral tissue, among which 12 genes, CCND1, CSNK2A1, EIF4E, EIF4EBP1, EIF4G1, FOS, GRB10, GSK3B, ILK, PTK2, PTPN11, and PHEB were significantly up-modulated (> two fold) while the remaining two, PDK1 and PIK3CG, were down-regulated (> two fold). These genes involve in the regulation of gene transcription and translation, cell cycle, and cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The real-time reverse transcription PCR validation agreed with the array data towards the tested genes, CCND1, EIF4E, FOS, and PIK3CG, while it failed to obtain similar result for PDK1. Interestingly, the WB analyses were further consistent with the PCR results that the protein levels of CCND1, EIF4E, and FOS were apparently up-regulated and that protein PIK3CG was down-modulated. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study identified a deregulated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in CRC patients, which might serve as therapeutic target(s).
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OSU-T315 as an Interesting Lead Molecule for Novel B Cell-Specific Therapeutics. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:2505818. [PMID: 30276218 PMCID: PMC6157143 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2505818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are pathogenic in various disease processes and therefore represent an interesting target for the development of novel immunosuppressants. In the search for new therapeutic molecules, we utilized an in vitro B cell activation assay with ODN2006-stimulated Namalwa cells to screen a chemical library of small molecules for B cell modulating effects. OSU-T315, described as an inhibitor of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), was hereby identified as a hit. On human and murine primary B cells, OSU-T315 potently suppressed the proliferation and the production of antibodies and cytokines upon stimulation, suggesting that ILK could be a promising target in the modulation of B cell activity. Mice with B cell-specific knockout of ILK were generated. Surprisingly, knockout of ILK in murine B cells did not affect B cell function as assessed by several in vivo and ex vivo B cell assays and did not alter the B cell immunosuppressive activity of OSU-T315. In conclusion, OSU-T315 displays potency as B cell modulator, probably through a mechanism of action independent of ILK, and might serve as lead drug molecule for the development of novel B cell-selective drugs.
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32
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Syed SB, Khan FI, Khan SH, Srivastava S, Hasan GM, Lobb KA, Islam A, Hassan MI, Ahmad F. Unravelling the unfolding mechanism of human integrin linked kinase by GdmCl-induced denaturation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1252-1263. [PMID: 29885398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a ubiquitously expressed Ser/Thr kinase which plays significant role in the cell-matrix interactions and growth factor signalling. In this study, guanidinium chloride (GdmCl)-induced unfolding of kinase domain of ILK (ILK193-446) was carried out at pH 7.5 and 25 °C. Eventually, denaturation curves of mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm ([θ]222) and fluorescence emission spectrum were analysed to estimate stability parameters. The optical properties maximum emission (λmax) and difference absorption coefficient at 292 nm (Δε292) were analysed. The denaturation curve was measured only in the GdmCl molar concentration ranging 3.0-4.2 M because protein was aggregating below 3.0 M of GdmCl concentrations. The denaturation process of ILK193-446 was found as reversible at [GdmCl] ≥ 3.0 M. Moreover, a coincidence of normalized denaturation curves of optical properties ([θ]222, Δε292 and λmax) suggesting that GdmCl-induced denaturation of ILK193-446 is a two-state process. In addition, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed to see the effects of GdmCl on the structure and stability of ILK193-446. Both the spectroscopic and molecular dynamics approaches provided clear insights into the stability and conformational properties of ILK193-446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Begum Syed
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- Computational Mechanistic Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | - Sabab Hasan Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saurabha Srivastava
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kevin A Lobb
- Computational Mechanistic Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Rhodes University, South Africa
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Zhao W, Zhang X, Zang L, Zhao P, Chen Y, Wang X. ILK promotes angiogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1101-1106. [PMID: 29963187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic activity in solid tumors has been demonstrated to promote metastasis through the activation of certain proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated process. The molecular mechanism underlying multiple myeloma-induced angiogenesis involves angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells as well as their induction within the microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a highly evolutionarily conserved intracellular protein that was originally identified as an integrin-interacting protein, and extensive genetic and biochemical studies have identified ILK expression to be vital during tumor-driven angiogenesis. In the present study, it was identified that angiogenic factors were upregulated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that were co-cultured with multiple myeloma cell lines. It was also revealed that upregulated ILK expression significantly promoted the capillary-formation ability of MSCs. The concentrations of angiogenic factors were significantly decreased compared with non-targeting siRNA-transfected and control MSCs. MSCs may participate in inducing the angiogenic response in multiple myeloma depending on ILK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Li Zang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Christmann M, Diesler K, Majhen D, Steigerwald C, Berte N, Freund H, Stojanović N, Kaina B, Osmak M, Ambriović-Ristov A, Tomicic MT. Integrin αVβ3 silencing sensitizes malignant glioma cells to temozolomide by suppression of homologous recombination repair. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27754-27771. [PMID: 27487141 PMCID: PMC5438606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins have been suggested as possible targets in anticancer therapy. Here we show that knockdown of integrins αVβ3, αVβ5, α3β1 and α4β1 and pharmacological inhibition using a cyclo-RGD integrin αVβ3/αVβ5 antagonist sensitized multiple high-grade glioma cell lines to temozolomide (TMZ)-induced cytotoxicity. The greatest effect was observed in LN229 cells upon integrin β3 silencing, which led to inhibition of the FAK/Src/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway and increased formation of γH2AX foci. The integrin β3 knockdown led to the proteasomal degradation of Rad51, reduction of Rad51 foci and reduced repair of TMZ-induced DNA double-strand breaks by impairing homologous recombination efficiency. The down-regulation of β3 in Rad51 knockdown (LN229-Rad51kd) cells neither further sensitized them to TMZ nor increased the number of γH2AX foci, confirming causality between β3 silencing and Rad51 reduction. RIP1 was found cleaved and IκBα significantly less degraded in β3-silenced/TMZ-exposed cells, indicating inactivation of NFκB signaling. The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, survivin and XIAP were proteasomally degraded and caspase-3/−2 cleaved. Increased H2AX phosphorylation, caspase-3 cleavage, reduced Rad51 and RIP1 expression, as well as sustained IκBα expression were also observed in mouse glioma xenografts treated with the cyclo-RGD inhibitor and TMZ, confirming the molecular mechanism in vivo. Our data indicates that β3 silencing in glioma cells represents a promising strategy to sensitize high-grade gliomas to TMZ therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Diesler
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dragomira Majhen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nancy Berte
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Halima Freund
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikolina Stojanović
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja Osmak
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Ambriović-Ristov
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Signaling, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja T Tomicic
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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35
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Syed SB, Shahbaaz M, Khan SH, Srivastava S, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Estimation of pH effect on the structure and stability of kinase domain of human integrin-linked kinase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:156-165. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1420492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Begum Syed
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Sabab Hassan Khan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saurabha Srivastava
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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36
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Guan SY, Chng CP, Ong LT, Tan HF, Alex Law SK, Tan SM. The binding interface of kindlin-2 and ILK involves Asp344/Asp352/Thr356 in kindlin-2 and Arg243/Arg334 in ILK. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:112-121. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Guan
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Choon-Peng Chng
- Biophysical Modelling Group; Bioinformatics Institute; Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore Singapore
| | - Li-Teng Ong
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Hui-Foon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Sai Kit Alex Law
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Singapore
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37
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Butler TM, Pater JA, MacPhee DJ. Integrin linked kinase regulates syncytialization of BeWo trophoblast cells. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:673-685. [PMID: 28339614 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.145748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During placental development, mononuclear villous cytotrophoblast cells differentiate and fuse with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast. This process requires the dissolution of E-cadherin (CDH1)-containing adherens junctions in cytotrophoblast. Integrin linked kinase (ILK) can downregulate CDH1 through poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Snail-1 (SNAI1) during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ILK is known to be expressed in cytotrophoblast; thus, the role of a potential ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway in aiding trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1 was examined. The spatiotemporal expression of PARP1, SNAI1, and CDH1 were determined in first and early second trimester chorionic villi, term villi, and BeWo cells by immunofluorescence analysis. PARP1 and SNAI1 were highly detectable in villous cytotrophoblast nuclei of human chorionic villi and SNAI1 expression, in particular, also persisted in syncytiotrophoblast. In BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization, PARP1 and SNAI1 increasingly localized to cell nuclei in correlation with decreased CDH1 expression. Using luciferase reporter assays, it was determined that PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities were significantly higher in BeWo cells during syncytialization compared to the activities in proliferating cells. Overexpression of wild type or constitutively active ILK also resulted in significantly increased PARP1 and SNAI1 promoter activities while dominant negative ILK overexpression significantly reduced promoter activities. Lastly, siRNA-mediated depletion of ILK expression in BeWo cells undergoing syncytialization resulted in significantly reduced SNAI1 expression and a significant reduction in the incidence of syncytialization correlating with increased CDH1 expression. These results demonstrate that ILK aids trophoblast syncytialization via the downregulation of CDH1, perhaps through an ILK-PARP1-SNAI1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina M Butler
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Justin A Pater
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada.,Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,One Reproductive Health Research Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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38
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Integrin-linked kinase: A new actor in the ageing process? Exp Gerontol 2017; 100:87-90. [PMID: 29101014 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a protein located in focal adhesion complexes that is linked to the cytoplasmic domain of integrin receptors. Together with PINCH and parvin, ILK forms the IPP complex, which is associated with conserved intracellular signalling pathways and integrin regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. ILK plays an essential role in a wide variety of cellular functions, including cell migration, differentiation, survival, and division. The present review summarizes recent evidence, suggesting a new role for ILK in organismal ageing and cellular senescence, indicating that ILK is a key regulator of longevity and premature cellular senescence induced by extracellular stressors.
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39
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Alterations in the host transcriptome in vitro following Rift Valley fever virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14385. [PMID: 29085037 PMCID: PMC5662566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes major outbreaks among livestock, characterized by "abortion storms" in which spontaneous abortion occurs in almost 100% of pregnant ruminants. Humans can also become infected with mild symptoms that can progress to more severe symptoms, such as hepatitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. The goal of this study was to use RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the host transcriptome in response to RVFV infection. G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, ATM signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, regulation of the antiviral response, and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling were among the top altered canonical pathways with both the attenuated MP12 strain and the fully virulent ZH548 strain. Although several mRNA transcripts were highly upregulated, an increase at the protein level was not observed for the selected genes, which was at least partially due to the NSs dependent block in mRNA export. Inhibition of ILK signaling, which is involved in cell motility and cytoskeletal reorganization, resulted in reduced RVFV replication, indicating that this pathway is important for viral replication. Overall, this is the first global transcriptomic analysis of the human host response following RVFV infection, which could give insight into novel host responses that have not yet been explored.
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40
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Dejaeger M, Böhm AM, Dirckx N, Devriese J, Nefyodova E, Cardoen R, St-Arnaud R, Tournoy J, Luyten FP, Maes C. Integrin-Linked Kinase Regulates Bone Formation by Controlling Cytoskeletal Organization and Modulating BMP and Wnt Signaling in Osteoprogenitors. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:2087-2102. [PMID: 28574598 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions constitute a fundamental aspect of skeletal cell biology and play essential roles in bone homeostasis. These interactions are primarily mediated by transmembrane integrin receptors, which mediate cell adhesion and transduce signals from the extracellular matrix to intracellular responses via various downstream effectors, including integrin-linked kinase (ILK). ILK functions as adaptor protein at focal adhesion sites, linking integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, and has been reported to act as a kinase phosphorylating signaling molecules such as GSK-3β and Akt. Thereby, ILK plays important roles in cellular attachment, motility, proliferation and survival. To assess the in vivo role of ILK signaling in osteoprogenitors and the osteoblast lineage cells descending thereof, we generated conditional knockout mice using the Osx-Cre:GFP driver strain. Mice lacking functional ILK in osterix-expressing cells and their derivatives showed no apparent developmental or growth phenotype, but by 5 weeks of age they displayed a significantly reduced trabecular bone mass, which persisted into adulthood in male mice. Histomorphometry and serum analysis indicated no alterations in osteoclast formation and activity, but provided evidence that osteoblast function was impaired, resulting in reduced bone mineralization and increased accumulation of unmineralized osteoid. In vitro analyses further substantiated that absence of ILK in osteogenic cells was associated with compromised collagen matrix production and mineralization. Mechanistically, we found evidence for both impaired cytoskeletal functioning and reduced signal transduction in osteoblasts lacking ILK. Indeed, loss of ILK in primary osteogenic cells impaired F-actin organization, cellular adhesion, spreading, and migration, indicative of defective coupling of cell-matrix interactions to the cytoskeleton. In addition, BMP/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reduced in the absence of ILK. Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance of integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions and ILK signaling in osteoprogenitors in the control of osteoblast functioning during juvenile bone mass acquisition and adult bone remodeling and homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Dejaeger
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna-Marei Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Dirckx
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joke Devriese
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Nefyodova
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cardoen
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Shriners Hospital for Children, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christa Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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41
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Cross-activating c-Met/β1 integrin complex drives metastasis and invasive resistance in cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8685-E8694. [PMID: 28973887 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701821114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular underpinnings of invasion, a hallmark of cancer, have been defined in terms of individual mediators but crucial interactions between these mediators remain undefined. In xenograft models and patient specimens, we identified a c-Met/β1 integrin complex that formed during significant invasive oncologic processes: breast cancer metastases and glioblastoma invasive resistance to antiangiogenic VEGF neutralizing antibody, bevacizumab. Inducing c-Met/β1 complex formation through an engineered inducible heterodimerization system promoted features crucial to overcoming stressors during metastases or antiangiogenic therapy: migration in the primary site, survival under hypoxia, and extravasation out of circulation. c-Met/β1 complex formation was up-regulated by hypoxia, while VEGF binding VEGFR2 sequestered c-Met and β1 integrin, preventing their binding. Complex formation promoted ligand-independent receptor activation, with integrin-linked kinase phosphorylating c-Met and crystallography revealing the c-Met/β1 complex to maintain the high-affinity β1 integrin conformation. Site-directed mutagenesis verified the necessity for c-Met/β1 binding of amino acids predicted by crystallography to mediate their extracellular interaction. Far-Western blotting and sequential immunoprecipitation revealed that c-Met displaced α5 integrin from β1 integrin, creating a complex with much greater affinity for fibronectin (FN) than α5β1. Thus, tumor cells adapt to microenvironmental stressors induced by metastases or bevacizumab by coopting receptors, which normally promote both cell migration modes: chemotaxis, movement toward concentrations of environmental chemoattractants, and haptotaxis, movement controlled by the relative strengths of peripheral adhesions. Tumor cells then redirect these receptors away from their conventional binding partners, forming a powerful structural c-Met/β1 complex whose ligand-independent cross-activation and robust affinity for FN drive invasive oncologic processes.
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42
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El Kharbili M, Robert C, Witkowski T, Danty-Berger E, Barbollat-Boutrand L, Masse I, Gadot N, de la Fouchardière A, McDonald PC, Dedhar S, Le Naour F, Degoul F, Berthier-Vergnes O. Tetraspanin 8 is a novel regulator of ILK-driven β1 integrin adhesion and signaling in invasive melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17140-17155. [PMID: 28188308 PMCID: PMC5370029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is well known for its propensity for lethal metastasis and resistance to most current therapies. Tumor progression and drug resistance depend to a large extent on the interplay between tumor cells and the surrounding matrix. We previously identified Tetraspanin 8 (Tspan8) as a critical mediator of melanoma invasion, whose expression is absent in healthy skin. The present study investigated whether Tspan8 may influence cell-matrix anchorage and regulate downstream molecular pathways leading to an aggressive behavior. Using silencing and ectopic expression strategies, we showed that Tspan8-mediated invasion of melanoma cells resulted from defects in cell-matrix anchorage by interacting with β1 integrins and by interfering with their clustering, without affecting their surface or global expression levels. These effects were associated with impaired phosphorylation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its downstream target Akt-S473, but not FAK. Specific blockade of Akt or ILK activity strongly affected cell-matrix adhesion. Moreover, expression of a dominant-negative form of ILK reduced β1 integrin clustering and cell-matrix adhesion. Finally, we observed a tumor-promoting effect of Tspan8 in vivo and a mutually exclusive expression pattern between Tspan8 and phosphorylated ILK in melanoma xenografts and human melanocytic lesions. Altogether, the in vitro, in vivo and in situ data highlight a novel regulatory role for Tspan8 in melanoma progression by modulating cell-matrix interactions through β1 integrin-ILK axis and establish Tspan8 as a negative regulator of ILK activity. These findings emphasize the importance of targeting Tspan8 as a means of switching from low- to firm-adhesive states, mandatory to prevent tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manale El Kharbili
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France.,Current address: Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Clément Robert
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U990, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Laetitia Barbollat-Boutrand
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ingrid Masse
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Gadot
- Université Lyon 1, Fédération de Recherche Santé Lyon-Est, ANIPATH, Faculté Laennec, Lyon, France
| | | | - Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | - François Le Naour
- INSERM U602, Villejuif, France.,Current address: INSERM U1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Degoul
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Imagerie Moléculaire et Thérapie Vectorisée, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Inserm, U990, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Odile Berthier-Vergnes
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5534, Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Villeurbanne, France
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43
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Huang HL, Wu HY, Chu PC, Lai IL, Huang PH, Kulp SK, Pan SL, Teng CM, Chen CS. Role of integrin-linked kinase in regulating the protein stability of the MUC1-C oncoprotein in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e359. [PMID: 28692035 PMCID: PMC5541713 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC1-C overexpression has been associated with the progression of pancreatic tumors by promoting the aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. As MUC1 is a STAT3 target gene, STAT3 plays a major role in regulating MUC1-C expression. In this study, we report an alternative mechanism by which integrin-linked kinase (ILK) post-transcriptionally modulates the expression of MUC1-C by maintaining its protein stability in pancreatic cancer cells. We found that ILK acts in concert with STAT3 to facilitate IL-6-mediated upregulation of MUC1-C; ILK depletion was equally effective as STAT3 depletion in abolishing IL-6-induced MUC1-C overexpression without disturbing the phosphorylation or cellular distribution of STAT3. Conversely, ectopic expression of constitutively active ILK increased MUC1-C expression, though this increase was not noted with kinase-dead ILK. This finding suggests the requirement of the kinase activity of ILK in regulating MUC1-C stability, which was confirmed by using the ILK kinase inhibitor T315. Furthermore, our data suggest the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC)δ in mediating the suppressive effect of ILK inhibition on MUC1-C repression. For example, co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that ILK depletion-mediated MUC1-C phosphorylation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of PKCδ at the activation loop Thr-507 and increased binding of PKCδ to MUC1-C. Conversely, ILK overexpression resulted in decreased PKCδ phosphorylation. From a mechanistic perspective, the present finding, together with our recent report that ILK controls the expression of oncogenic KRAS through a regulatory loop, underscores the pivotal role of ILK in promoting pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Huang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H-Y Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-L Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - S K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S-L Pan
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-M Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-S Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Huang Y, Ding L, Shao Y, Chen Z, Shen B, Ma Y, Zhu L, Wei Z. Integrin-Linked Kinase Improves Functional Recovery of Diabetic Cystopathy and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Survival and Engraftment in Rats. Can J Diabetes 2017; 41:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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45
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Raman A, Reif GA, Dai Y, Khanna A, Li X, Astleford L, Parnell SC, Calvet JP, Wallace DP. Integrin-Linked Kinase Signaling Promotes Cyst Growth and Fibrosis in Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2708-2719. [PMID: 28522687 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by innumerous fluid-filled cysts and progressive deterioration of renal function. Previously, we showed that periostin, a matricellular protein involved in tissue repair, is markedly overexpressed by cyst epithelial cells. Periostin promotes cell proliferation, cyst growth, interstitial fibrosis, and the decline in renal function in PKD mice. Here, we investigated the regulation of these processes by the integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a scaffold protein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton and is stimulated by periostin. Pharmacologic inhibition or shRNA knockdown of ILK prevented periostin-induced Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and ADPKD cell proliferation in vitro Homozygous deletion of ILK in renal collecting ducts (CD) of Ilkfl/fl ;Pkhd1-Cre mice caused tubule dilations, apoptosis, fibrosis, and organ failure by 10 weeks of age. By contrast, Ilkfl/+ ;Pkhd1-Cre mice had normal renal morphology and function and survived >1 year. Reduced expression of ILK in Pkd1fl/fl ;Pkhd1-Cre mice, a rapidly progressive model of ADPKD, decreased renal Akt/mTOR activity, cell proliferation, cyst growth, and interstitial fibrosis, and significantly improved renal function and animal survival. Additionally, CD-specific knockdown of ILK strikingly reduced renal cystic disease and fibrosis and extended the life of pcy/pcy mice, a slowly progressive PKD model. We conclude that ILK is critical for maintaining the CD epithelium and renal function and is a key intermediate for periostin activation of signaling pathways involved in cyst growth and fibrosis in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Raman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology.,The Kidney Institute, and
| | - Gail A Reif
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Yuqiao Dai
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Aditi Khanna
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | - Xiaogang Li
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
| | | | - Stephen C Parnell
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - James P Calvet
- The Kidney Institute, and.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Darren P Wallace
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, .,The Kidney Institute, and.,Departments of Internal Medicine and
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Pharmacological strategies to target oncogenic KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:370-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wakeland AK, Soncin F, Moretto-Zita M, Chang CW, Horii M, Pizzo D, Nelson KK, Laurent LC, Parast MM. Hypoxia Directs Human Extravillous Trophoblast Differentiation in a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Dependent Manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:767-780. [PMID: 28167044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Villous cytotrophoblasts are epithelial stem cells of the early human placenta, able to differentiate either into syncytiotrophoblasts in floating chorionic villi or extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) at the anchoring villi. The signaling pathways regulating differentiation into these two lineages are incompletely understood. The bulk of placental growth and development in the first trimester occurs under low oxygen tension. One major mechanism by which oxygen regulates cellular function is through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor complex stabilized under low oxygen tension to mediate cellular responses, including cell fate decisions. HIF is known to play a role in trophoblast differentiation in rodents; however, its role in human trophoblast differentiation is poorly understood. Using RNA profiling of sorted populations of primary first-trimester trophoblasts, we evaluated the first stage of EVT differentiation, the transition from epidermal growth factor receptor+ villous cytotrophoblasts into human leukocyte antigen-G+ proximal column EVT (pcEVT) and identified hypoxia as a major pcEVT-associated pathway. Using primary cytotrophoblasts, we determined that culture in low oxygen directs differentiation preferentially toward human leukocyte antigen-G+ pcEVT, and that an intact HIF complex is required for this process. Finally, using global RNA profiling, we identified integrin-linked kinase and associated cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion to be among HIF-dependent pcEVT-associated signaling pathways. Taken together, we propose that oxygen regulates EVT differentiation through HIF-dependent modulation of various cell adhesion and morphology-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wakeland
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Matteo Moretto-Zita
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Don Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Katharine K Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Yen CF, Kim SH, Liao SK, Atabekoglu C, Uckac S, Arici A, Arlier S, Lee CL, Wang HS, Kayisli UA. Increased expression of integrin-linked kinase during decidualization regulates the morphological transformation of endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:803-812. [PMID: 28069177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the impact of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization. DESIGN Laboratory study with the use of human endometrium. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Fertile reproductive-age women who had not received hormonal treatment for 3 months before tissue collection. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrium tissue collection, in vitro decidualization of isolated ESCs, and small interfering (si) RNA transfection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western blot analysis, methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULT(S) In vivo expression of ILK is significantly increased in distended-fusiform stromal cells of late secretory endometrium and in cobblestone-shaped decidual cells of early pregnancy. During in vitro decidualization for up to 8 days, confluent cultures of isolated ESCs consistently displayed increased ILK expression and morphologic transformation from fibroblast-like to polygonal cells. Subsequent ILK knockdown by siRNA transfection reversed this transformation, accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β and decreased viable cell numbers. Immunofluorescence staining of the decidualized ESCs demonstrated linkage of increased levels of ILK at the tips of the fan-shaped organization of actin stress fibers located in the submembranous area, which expanded the decidual cells into a typical polygonal appearance. Knock-down of ILK abrogated the polymerization and organization of actin fibers, which reverted the cells to their undecidualized morphology. CONCLUSION(S) During human endometrial decidualization, ILK is essential for morphologic transformation of ESCs through organization of the actin cytoskeleton; it may also function through subsequent GSK3β signaling, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shuen-Kuei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, and Center of Excellence for Cancer Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cem Atabekoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Uckac
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aydin Arici
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chyi-Long Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shih Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Umit A Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
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Chu PC, Kulp SK, Bekaii-Saab T, Chen CS. Targeting integrin-linked kinase to suppress oncogenic KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer. Small GTPases 2016; 9:452-456. [PMID: 27936345 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1251383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncogenic KRAS represents a therapeutically relevant target in pancreatic cancer, it is deemed "non-druggable" because of the intrinsic difficulty in designing direct inhibitors of KRAS. Our recent work demonstrated a KRAS-integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulatory feedback loop that allows pancreatic cancer cells to regulate KRAS expression and to interact with the tumor microenvironment to promote aggressive phenotype. KRAS induces E2F1-mediated transcriptional activation of ILK expression, and ILK, in turn, controls KRAS expression via hnRNPA1, which binds and destabilizes the G-quadruplex in the KRAS promoter. Moreover, ILK inhibition blocked KRAS-driven EMT and growth factor-stimulated KRAS expression. This regulatory loop, however, was not noted in KRAS mutant colorectal and lung cancer cells examined as knockdown of KRAS or ILK did not affect each other's expression, suggesting that this KRAS-ILK feedback regulation is specific for pancreatic cancer. In sum, this regulatory loop provides a strong mechanistic rationale for suppressing oncogenic KRAS signaling through targeting ILK, and this creating a potential new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chen Chu
- a Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- b Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | | | - Ching-Shih Chen
- a Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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Critical role of hnRNP A1 in activating KRAS transcription in pancreatic cancer cells: A molecular mechanism involving G4 DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:1389-1398. [PMID: 27888145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most mutated genes in human cancer. Its crucial role in the tumourigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been widely demonstrated. As this deadly cancer does not sufficiently respond to conventional chemotherapies, it is important to increase our knowledge of pancreatic cancer biology, in particular how oncogenic KRAS is regulated. The promoter of KRAS contains a GA-element composed of runs of guanines that fold into a G4 structure. This unusual DNA conformation is recognized by several nuclear proteins, including MAZ and hnRNP A1. Recent data have revealed that KRAS is interconnected to ILK and hnRNP A1 in a circuitry that enables pancreatic cancer cells to maintain an aggressive phenotype. The present review illustrates recent advances on how KRAS is regulated in pancreatic cancer cells, focusing on the formation of G4 structures in the KRAS promoter and their interaction with hnRNP A1. The newly discovered KRAS-ILK-hnRNP A1 regulatory loop is discussed, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for PDAC-specific molecules. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "G-quadruplex" Guest Editor: Dr. Concetta Giancola and Dr. Daniela Montesarchio.
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