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Lou W, Li Y. Research trend of lung cancer epigenetics research: Bibliometric and visual analysis of top-100 cited documents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35686. [PMID: 39170116 PMCID: PMC11337132 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a highly prevalent cancer on a global scale and its oncogenic process is driven by the accumulation of multiple pathological events. Epigenetics has gained significant recognition in recent years as a crucial contributor to the development of lung cancer. Epigenetics include processes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and RNA modification. These pathways lead to enduring alterations in genetic phenotypes, which are crucial in the advancement and growth of lung cancer. However, the specific mechanisms and roles of epigenetics in lung cancer still need to be further elucidated. Methods We obtained publications from the Web of Science databases and applied a rigorous search method to filter them. Ultimately, we gathered high-quality publications that had received the highest 100 number of citations. The data were processed and visualized by various bibliometric tools. Results The 100 papers had varying numbers of citations, with the lowest being 491 and the most being 6316. On average, each work received 1119 citations. A total of 1056 co-authors were involved in publishing these papers in 59 journals from 185 institutions in 27 countries. The majority of high-caliber research in the subject of lung cancer epigenetics is conducted in advanced countries, with the United States taking the lead in terms of both the quantity of articles produced and their academic influence. The study of DNA methylation has been a longstanding research priority in the discipline. With the development of next-generation sequencing technology in recent years, research related to non-coding RNA has become a research hotspot. Future research directions may focus more on exploring the mechanisms of action of messenger RNA and circular RNA and developing targeted treatment strategies based on non-coding RNA drugs. Conclusion We analyzed 100 top lung cancer and epigenetics documents through various bibliometric analysis tools. This study provides a concise overview of the findings from prior research, anticipates future research directions, and offers potential avenues for additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhouyang Lou
- Chun'an County First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 311700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Li
- Chun'an County First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 311700, People's Republic of China
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2
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Guan C, Chen H, Chen H, Li S, Chen Y, Chen J, Dong Y, Zheng Z, Wang K, Pan C. Treatment of lung cancer by acupuncture combined with medicine based on pathophysiological mechanism: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37229. [PMID: 38335396 PMCID: PMC10860975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. There are an estimated 2.2 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths each year. Over the past 2 decades, our understanding of disease biology, the use of predictive biomarkers, and improvements in therapeutic approaches have made significant progress and transformed the outcomes of many patients. Treatment is determined by the subtype and stage of the cancer; however, the effect of personalized treatment remains unsatisfactory. The use of Chinese medicines has attracted increasing attention worldwide. Chinese medicine treatment of lung cancer has few side effects, which can effectively prolong the survival expectation of patients and improve their quality of life, and has attracted increasing attention. Based on the pathophysiological mechanism of lung cancer reported in modern medical research, this article explores the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with medicine in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Guan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haipeng Chen
- Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- North Hospital of Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Dong
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhitao Zheng
- Qiqihar First Hospital South Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Qiqihar First Hospital South Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuqiao Pan
- Qiqihar First Hospital South Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, China
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3
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Muenstermann C, Clemens KJ. Epigenetic mechanisms of nicotine dependence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105505. [PMID: 38070842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Nicotine dependence generates a lifelong propensity towards cravings and relapse, presenting an ongoing challenge for the development of treatments. Accumulating evidence supports a role for epigenetics in the development and maintenance of addiction to many drugs of abuse, however, the involvement of epigenetics in nicotine dependence is less clear. Here we review evidence that nicotine interacts with epigenetic mechanisms to enable the maintenance of nicotine-seeking across time. Research across species suggests that nicotine increases permissive histone acetylation, decreases repressive histone methylation, and modulates levels of DNA methylation and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain. These changes are linked to the promoter regions of genes critical for learning and memory, reward processing and addiction. Pharmacological manipulation of enzymes that catalyze core epigenetic modifications regulate nicotine reward and associative learning, demonstrating a functional role of epigenetic modifications in nicotine dependence. These findings are consistent with nicotine promoting an overall permissive chromatin state at genes important for learning, memory and reward. By exploring these links through next-generation sequencing technologies, epigenetics provides a promising avenue for future interventions to treat nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly J Clemens
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Labat-de-Hoz L, Rubio-Ramos A, Correas I, Alonso MA. The MAL Family of Proteins: Normal Function, Expression in Cancer, and Potential Use as Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2801. [PMID: 37345137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAL family of integral membrane proteins consists of MAL, MAL2, MALL, PLLP, CMTM8, MYADM, and MYADML2. The best characterized members are elements of the machinery that controls specialized pathways of membrane traffic and cell signaling. This review aims to help answer the following questions about the MAL-family genes: (i) is their expression regulated in cancer and, if so, how? (ii) What role do they play in cancer? (iii) Might they have biomedical applications? Analysis of large-scale gene expression datasets indicated altered levels of MAL-family transcripts in specific cancer types. A comprehensive literature search provides evidence of MAL-family gene dysregulation and protein function repurposing in cancer. For MAL, and probably for other genes of the family, dysregulation is primarily a consequence of gene methylation, although copy number alterations also contribute to varying degrees. The scrutiny of the two sources of information, datasets and published studies, reveals potential prognostic applications of MAL-family members as cancer biomarkers-for instance, MAL2 in breast cancer, MAL2 and MALL in pancreatic cancer, and MAL and MYADM in lung cancer-and other biomedical uses. The availability of validated antibodies to some MAL-family proteins sanctions their use as cancer biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Tellez CS, Grimes MJ, Juri DE, Do K, Willink R, Dye WW, Wu G, Picchi MA, Belinsky SA. Flavored E-cigarette product aerosols induce transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Lung Cancer 2023; 179:107180. [PMID: 36989612 PMCID: PMC10159902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES E-cigarettes are the most commonly used nicotine containing products among youth. In vitro studies support the potential for e-cigarettes to cause cellular stress in vivo; however, there have been no studies to address whether exposure to e-liquid aerosols can induce cell transformation, a process strongly associated with pre-malignancy. We examined whether weekly exposure of human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines to e-cigarette aerosols would induce transformation and concomitant changes in gene expression and promoter hypermethylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An aerosol delivery system exposed three HBEC lines to unflavored e-liquid with 1.2% nicotine, 3 flavored products with nicotine, or the Kentucky reference cigarette once a week for 12 weeks. Colony formation in soft agar, RNA-sequencing, and the EPIC Beadchip were used to evaluate transformation, genome-wide expression and methylation changes. RESULTS Jamestown e-liquid aerosol induced transformation of HBEC2 and HBEC26, while unflavored and Blue Pucker transformed HBEC26. Cigarette smoke aerosol transformed HBEC4 and HBEC26 at efficiencies up to 3-fold greater than e-liquids. Transformed clones exhibited extensive reprogramming of the transcriptome with common and distinct gene expression changes observed between the cigarette and e-liquids. Transformation by e-liquids induced alterations in canonical pathways implicated in lung cancer that included axonal guidance and NRF2. Gene methylation, while prominent in cigarette-induced transformed clones, also affected hundreds of genes in HBEC2 transformed by Jamestown. Many genes with altered expression or epigenetic-mediated silencing were also affected in lung tumors from smokers. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that exposure to e-liquid aerosols can induce a pre-malignant phenotype in lung epithelial cells. While the Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of flavored cartridge-based electric cigarettes, consumers switched to using flavored products through other devices. Our findings clearly support expanding studies to evaluate transformation potency for the major categories of e-liquid flavors to better inform risk from these complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S. Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Marcie J. Grimes
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Daniel E. Juri
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Randy Willink
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Wendy W. Dye
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Maria A. Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
| | - Steven A. Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute Albuquerque, NM
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Li Y, Zhu J, Yu Z, Li H, Jin X. The role of Lamin B2 in human diseases. Gene 2023; 870:147423. [PMID: 37044185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Lamin B2 (LMNB2), on the inner side of the nuclear envelope, constitutes the nuclear skeleton by connecting with other nuclear proteins. LMNB2 is involved in a wide range of nuclear functions, including DNA replication and stability, regulation of chromatin, and nuclear stiffness. Moreover, LMNB2 regulates several cellular processes, such as tissue development, cell cycle, cellular proliferation and apoptosis, chromatin localization and stability, and DNA methylation. Besides, the influence of abnormal expression and mutations of LMNB2 has been gradually discovered in cancers and laminopathies. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances of LMNB2-associated biological roles in physiological or pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on cancers and laminopathies, as well as the potential mechanism of LMNB2 in related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zongdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center of LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China.
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7
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Maksimova VP, Usalka OG, Makus YV, Popova VG, Trapeznikova ES, Khayrieva GI, Sagitova GR, Zhidkova EM, Prus AY, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI. Aberrations of DNA methylation in cancer. ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/2313-805x-2022-9-4-24-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation patterns are characteristic of many malignant neoplasms. DNA methylation is occurred by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), while demethylation is mediated by TET family proteins. Mutations and changes in the expression profile of these enzymes lead to DNA hypo- and hypermethylation and have a strong impact on carcinogenesis. In this review, we considered the key aspects of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, and also analyzed the role of DNA methyltransferases and TET family proteins in the pathogenesis of various malignant neoplasms.During the preparation of the review, we used the following biomedical literature information bases: Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190). To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, CyberLeninka were used. To analyze the mutational profile of epigenetic regulatory enzymes, we used the cBioportal portal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), data from The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), COSMIC, Clinvar, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Maksimova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - O. G. Usalka
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - Yu. V. Makus
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
| | - V. G. Popova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
| | - E. S. Trapeznikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - G. I. Khayrieva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - G. R. Sagitova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - E. M. Zhidkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. Yu. Prus
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; MIREA – Russian Technological University
| | - M. G. Yakubovskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - K. I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
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8
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Loaeza-Loaeza J, Cerecedo-Castillo AJ, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Castro-Coronel Y, Del Moral-Hernández O, Recillas-Targa F, Hernández-Sotelo D. DNMT3B overexpression downregulates genes with CpG islands, common motifs, and transcription factor binding sites that interact with DNMT3B. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20839. [PMID: 36460706 PMCID: PMC9718745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification to regulate gene expression in mammalian cells. Abnormal DNA methylation in gene promoters is common across human cancer types. DNMT3B is the main de novo methyltransferase enhanced in several primary tumors. How de novo methylation is established in genes related to cancer is poorly understood. CpG islands (CGIs), common sequences, and transcription factors (TFs) that interact with DNMT3B have been associated with abnormal de novo methylation. We initially identified cis elements associated with DNA methylation to investigate the contribution of DNMT3B overexpression to the deregulation of its possible target genes in an epithelial cell model. In a set of downregulated genes (n = 146) from HaCaT cells with DNMT3B overexpression, we found CGI, common sequences, and TFs Binding Sites that interact with DNMT3B (we called them P-down-3B). PPL1, VAV3, IRF1, and BRAF are P-down-3B genes that are downregulated and increased their methylation in DNMT3B presence. Together these findings suggest that methylated promoters aberrantly have some cis elements that could conduce de novo methylation by DNMT3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- grid.412856.c0000 0001 0699 2934Laboratorio de Epigenética del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Angel Josué Cerecedo-Castillo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- grid.412856.c0000 0001 0699 2934Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Yaneth Castro-Coronel
- grid.412856.c0000 0001 0699 2934Laboratorio de Citopatología e Inmunohistoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- grid.412856.c0000 0001 0699 2934Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- grid.412856.c0000 0001 0699 2934Laboratorio de Epigenética del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Col. Haciendita, 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
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9
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Yang P, Zhang D, Zhou F, Chen W, Hu C, Xiao D, Cai S. miR-203a-3p-DNMT3B feedback loop facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1219-1233. [PMID: 35670956 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that microRNA-203a-3p (miR-203a-3p) modulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in a variety of cancer cell types. However, little is known about its role in lung cancer progression. The present study found that miR-203a-3p was downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of miR-203a-3p inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promotes cellular apoptosis in vitro. Restoration of miR-203a-3p expression in A549 and NCI-H520 cells enhances their chemosensitivity. Further experiments showed that DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) was a direct target of miR-203a-3p. In addition, the present results revealed that promoter hypermethylation was the potential mechanism responsible for low miR-203a-3p expression in NSCLC. Notably, feedback regulation between miR-203a-3p and DNMT3B was observed in NSCLC. Moreover, Overexpression of miR-203a-3p reduces tumor growth in vivo. In summary, the present study has identified an miR-203a-3p-DNMT3B feedback loop that facilitates NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingshan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Departments of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyou Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Duqing Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Liang Y, Lu Q, Li W, Zhang D, Zhang F, Zou Q, Chen L, Tong Y, Liu M, Wang S, Li W, Ren X, Xu P, Yang Z, Dong S, Zhang B, Huang Y, Li D, Wang H, Yu W. Reactivation of tumour suppressor in breast cancer by enhancer switching through NamiRNA network. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8556-8572. [PMID: 34329471 PMCID: PMC8421228 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of Tumour Suppressor Genes (TSGs) is a common feature in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic abnormalities including DNA hypermethylation or aberrant histone modifications in promoter regions have been described for interpreting TSG inactivation. However, in many instances, how TSGs are silenced in tumours are largely unknown. Given that miRNA with low expression in tumours is another recognized signature, we hypothesize that low expression of miRNA may reduce the activity of TSG related enhancers and further lead to inactivation of TSG during cancer development. Here, we reported that low expression of miRNA in cancer as a recognized signature leads to loss of function of TSGs in breast cancer. In 157 paired breast cancer and adjacent normal samples, tumour suppressor gene GPER1 and miR-339 are both downregulated in Luminal A/B and Triple Negative Breast Cancer subtypes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-339 upregulates GPER1 expression in breast cancer cells by switching on the GPER1 enhancer, which can be blocked by enhancer deletion through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Collectively, our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into TSG dysfunction in cancer development, and provide evidence that reactivation of TSG by enhancer switching may be a promising alternative strategy for clinical breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shihua Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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11
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Xu LW, Gou X, Yang JY, Jiang R, Jiang X, Chen GG, Liu ZM. Methylation of ERβ 5'-untranslated region attenuates its inhibitory effect on ERα gene transcription and promotes the initiation and progression of papillary thyroid cancer. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21516. [PMID: 33710697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Normal thyroid tissue displays a prevalent expression of ERβ than ERα, which drastically turns upside down in the initiation and progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that ERα and ERβ were coexpressed in human thyroid tissues and cells. ERα mRNA (A-1) and ERβ mRNA (0N-1), transcribed from Promoter A of ERα gene and Promoter 0N of ERβ gene, respectively, were the major mRNA isoforms which mainly contributed to total ERα mRNA and total ERβ mRNA in human thyroid-derived cell lines and tissues. The expression levels of ERα mRNA (A-1) and total ERα mRNA were gradually increased, and those of ERβ mRNA (0N-1) and total ERβ mRNA were decreased by degree in the initiation and progression of PTC. No aberrant DNA methylation of ERα 5'-untranslated region was involved in its up-regulation; however, aberrant DNA methylation in Promoter 0N and Exon 0N of ERβ gene was found to be involved in its down-regulation in the initiation and progression of PTC. ERβ can repress ERα gene transcription via recruitment of NCoR and displacement of RNA polymerase II at the Sp1 site in ERα Promoter A-specific region in thyroid-derived cells. It is suggested that DNA methylation of CpG islands in Promoter 0N and Exon 0N of ERβ gene leads to a decreased ERβ gene expression, which attenuates its inhibitory effect on ERα gene transcription and results in an increased ERα gene expression, cell proliferation, initiation, and progression of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Wan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Gou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Abstract
The epigenetic landscape, which in part includes DNA methylation, chromatin organization, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA regulation, greatly contributes to the heterogeneity that makes developing effective therapies for lung cancer challenging. This review will provide an overview of the epigenetic alterations that have been implicated in all aspects of cancer pathogenesis and progression as well as summarize clinical applications for targeting epigenetics in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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13
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Rubio-Ramos A, Labat-de-Hoz L, Correas I, Alonso MA. The MAL Protein, an Integral Component of Specialized Membranes, in Normal Cells and Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1065. [PMID: 33946345 PMCID: PMC8145151 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MAL gene encodes a 17-kDa protein containing four putative transmembrane segments whose expression is restricted to human T cells, polarized epithelial cells and myelin-forming cells. The MAL protein has two unusual biochemical features. First, it has lipid-like properties that qualify it as a member of the group of proteolipid proteins. Second, it partitions selectively into detergent-insoluble membranes, which are known to be enriched in condensed cell membranes, consistent with MAL being distributed in highly ordered membranes in the cell. Since its original description more than thirty years ago, a large body of evidence has accumulated supporting a role of MAL in specialized membranes in all the cell types in which it is expressed. Here, we review the structure, expression and biochemical characteristics of MAL, and discuss the association of MAL with raft membranes and the function of MAL in polarized epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and myelin-forming cells. The evidence that MAL is a putative receptor of the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens, the expression of MAL in lymphomas, the hypermethylation of the MAL gene and subsequent loss of MAL expression in carcinomas are also presented. We propose a model of MAL as the organizer of specialized condensed membranes to make them functional, discuss the role of MAL as a tumor suppressor in carcinomas, consider its potential use as a cancer biomarker, and summarize the directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
| | - Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-R.); (L.L.-d.-H.); (I.C.)
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14
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Qin W, Brands X, van’t Veer C, F. de Vos A, Sirard JC, J. T. H. Roelofs J, P. Scicluna B, van der Poll T. Bronchial epithelial DNA methyltransferase 3b dampens pulmonary immune responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009491. [PMID: 33793661 PMCID: PMC8043394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt)3b mediates de novo DNA methylation and modulation of Dnmt3b in respiratory epithelial cells has been shown to affect the expression of multiple genes. Respiratory epithelial cells provide a first line of defense against pulmonary pathogens and play a crucial role in the immune response during pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium that expresses flagellin as an important virulence factor. We here sought to determine the role of Dntm3b in respiratory epithelial cells in immune responses elicited by P. aeruginosa. DNMT3B expression was reduced in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as in primary human and mouse bronchial epithelial cells grown in air liquid interface upon exposure to P. aeruginosa (PAK). Dnmt3b deficient human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells produced more CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL20 than control cells when stimulated with PAK, flagellin-deficient PAK (PAKflic) or flagellin. Dnmt3b deficiency reduced DNA methylation at exon 1 of CXCL1 and enhanced NF-ĸB p65 binding to the CXCL1 promoter. Mice with bronchial epithelial Dntm3b deficiency showed increased Cxcl1 mRNA expression in bronchial epithelium and CXCL1 protein release in the airways during pneumonia caused by PAK, which was associated with enhanced neutrophil recruitment and accelerated bacterial clearance; bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b deficiency did not modify responses during pneumonia caused by PAKflic or Klebsiella pneumoniae (an un-flagellated gram-negative bacterium). Dnmt3b deficiency in type II alveolar epithelial cells did not affect mouse pulmonary defense against PAK infection. These results suggest that bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b impairs host defense during Pseudomonas induced pneumonia, at least in part, by dampening mucosal responses to flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xanthe Brands
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van’t Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Tellez CS, Picchi MA, Juri D, Do K, Desai DH, Amin SG, Hutt JA, Filipczak PT, Belinsky SA. Chromatin remodeling by the histone methyltransferase EZH2 drives lung pre-malignancy and is a target for cancer prevention. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:44. [PMID: 33632299 PMCID: PMC7908796 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trimethylation of lysine 27 and dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone-H3 catalyzed by the histone methyltransferases EZH2 and G9a impede gene transcription in cancer. Our human bronchial epithelial (HBEC) pre-malignancy model studied the role of these histone modifications in transformation. Tobacco carcinogen transformed HBEC lines were characterized for cytosine DNA methylation, transcriptome reprogramming, and the effect of inhibiting EZH2 and G9a on the transformed phenotype. The effects of targeting EZH2 and G9a on lung cancer prevention was assessed in the A/J mouse lung tumor model. Results Carcinogen exposure induced transformation and DNA methylation of 12–96 genes in the four HBEC transformed (T) lines that was perpetuated in malignant tumors. In contrast, 506 unmethylated genes showed reduced expression in one or more HBECTs with many becoming methylated in tumors. ChIP-on-chip for HBEC2T identified 327 and 143 genes enriched for H3K27me3 and H3K9me2. Treatment of HBEC2T and HBEC13T with DZNep, a lysine methyltransferase inhibitor depleted EZH2, reversed transformation, and induced transcriptional reprogramming. The EZH2 small molecule inhibitor EPZ6438 also affected transformation and expression in HBEC2T, while a G9a inhibitor, UNC0642 was ineffective. Genetic knock down of EZH2 dramatically reduced carcinogen-induced transformation of HBEC2. Only DZNep treatment prevented progression of hyperplasia to adenomas in the NNK mouse lung tumor model through reducing EZH2 and affecting the expression of genes regulating cell growth and invasion. Conclusion These studies demonstrate a critical role for EZH2 catalyzed histone modifications for premalignancy and its potential as a target for chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Daniel Juri
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Hutt
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Piotr T Filipczak
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
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16
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Saravanaraman P, Selvam M, Ashok C, Srijyothi L, Baluchamy S. De novo methyltransferases: Potential players in diseases and new directions for targeted therapy. Biochimie 2020; 176:85-102. [PMID: 32659446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications govern gene expression by guiding the human genome on 'what to express and what not to'. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) establish methylation patterns on DNA, particularly in CpG islands, and such patterns play a major role in gene silencing. DNMTs are a family of proteins/enzymes (DNMT1, 2, 3A, 3B, and 3L), among which, DNMT1 (maintenance methyltransferase) and DNMT3 (de novo methyltransferases) that direct mammalian development and genome imprinting are highly investigated. In recent decades, many studies revealed a strong association of DNA methylation patterns with gene expression in various clinical conditions. Differential expression of DNMT3 family proteins and their splice variants result in changes in methylation patterns and such alterations have been associated with the initiation and progression of various diseases, especially cancer. This review will discuss the aberrant modifications generated by DNMT3 proteins under various clinical conditions, suggesting a potential signature for de novo methyltransferases in targeted disease therapy. Further, this review discusses the possibility of using 'CpG island methylation signatures' as promising biomarkers and emphasizes 'targeted hypomethylation' by disrupting the interaction of specific DNMT-protein complexes as the future of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponne Saravanaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Loudu Srijyothi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Sudhakar Baluchamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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17
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Prevalence of Some Genetic Risk Factors for Nicotine Dependence in Ukraine. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2483270. [PMID: 31885928 PMCID: PMC6925678 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2483270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is known to be a strong risk factor for developing many diseases. The development and severity of smoking dependence results from interaction of environmental and lifestyle factors, psycho-emotional predispositions, and also from genetic susceptibility. In present study, we investigated polymorphic variants in genes contributed to nicotine dependence, as well as to increased impulsivity, known to be an important risk factor for substance use disorders, in Ukraine population. The genotype frequencies at CYP2A6, DNMT3B, DRD2, HTR2A, COMT, BDNF, GABRA2, CHRNA5, and DAT1 polymorphisms were determined in 171 Ukraine residents, and these data were compared with data for several other European populations and main ethnic groups. It has been found that genotype frequencies for all studied loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Ukrainian population and correspond to the respective frequencies in European populations. These findings suggest a similar impact of these loci on nicotine dependence in Ukraine. Further studies with larger sample sizes are, however, needed to draw firm conclusions about the effect size of these polymorphisms.
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18
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Yang Q, Jiang W, Hou P. Emerging role of PI3K/AKT in tumor-related epigenetic regulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:112-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Teneng I, Picchi MA, Leng S, Dagucon CP, Ramalingam S, Tellez CS, Belinsky SA. DNA-PKc deficiency drives pre-malignant transformation by reducing DNA repair capacity in concert with reprogramming the epigenome in human bronchial epithelial cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 79:1-9. [PMID: 31055244 PMCID: PMC6551272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKc) is highly variable in smokers and reduced enzyme activity has been associated with risk for lung cancer. An in vitro model of lung pre-malignancy was used to evaluate the role of double-strand break DNA repair capacity in transformation of hTERT/CDK4 immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and reprograming of the epigenome. Here we show that knockdown of DNA-PKc to levels simulating haploinsufficiency dramatically reduced DNA repair capacity following challenge with bleomycin and significantly increased transformation efficiency of HBEC lines exposed weekly for 12 weeks to this radiomimetic. Transformed HBEC lines with wild type or knockdown of DNA-PKc showed altered expression of more than 1,000 genes linked to major cell regulatory pathways involved in lung cancer. While lung cancer driver mutations were not detected in transformed clones, more than 300 genes that showed reduced expression associated with promoter methylation in transformed clones or predictive for methylation in malignant tumors were identified. These studies support reduced DNA repair capacity as a key factor in the initiation and clonal expansion of pre-neoplastic cells and double-strand break DNA damage as causal for epigenetic mediated silencing of many lung cancer-associated genes. The fact that DNA damage, repair, and epigenetic silencing of genes are causal for many other cancers that include colon and prostate extends the generalizability and impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Teneng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Suresh Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carmen S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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20
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Gagliardi M, Strazzullo M, Matarazzo MR. DNMT3B Functions: Novel Insights From Human Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:140. [PMID: 30406101 PMCID: PMC6204409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays important roles in gene expression regulation and chromatin structure. Its proper establishment and maintenance are essential for mammalian development and cellular differentiation. DNMT3B is the major de novo DNA methyltransferase expressed and active during the early stage of embryonic development, including implantation. In addition to its well-known role to methylate centromeric, pericentromeric, and subtelomeric repeats, recent observations suggest that DNMT3B acts as the main enzyme methylating intragenic regions of active genes. Although largely studied, much remains unknown regarding how these specific patterns of de novo CpG methylation are established in mammalian cells, and which are the rules governing DNMT3B recruitment and activity. Latest evidence indicates that DNMT3B recruitment is regulated by numerous mechanisms including chromatin modifications, transcription levels, non-coding RNAs, and the presence of DNA-binding factors. DNA methylation abnormalities are a common mark of human diseases involving chromosomal and genomic instabilities, such as inherited disease and cancer. The autosomal recessive Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability and Facial anomalies syndrome, type I (ICF-1), is associated to hypomorphic mutations in DNMT3B gene, while its altered expression has been correlated with the development of tumors. In both cases, this implies that abnormal DNA hypomethylation and hypermethylation patterns affect gene expression and genomic architecture contributing to the pathological states. We will provide an overview of the most recent research aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms by which DNMT3B abnormalities are associated with the onset and progression of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gagliardi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Strazzullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Matarazzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Naples, Italy
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21
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Hancock DB, Guo Y, Reginsson GW, Gaddis NC, Lutz SM, Sherva R, Loukola A, Minica CC, Markunas CA, Han Y, Young KA, Gudbjartsson DF, Gu F, McNeil DW, Qaiser B, Glasheen C, Olson S, Landi MT, Madden PAF, Farrer LA, Vink J, Saccone NL, Neale MC, Kranzler HR, McKay J, Hung RJ, Amos CI, Marazita ML, Boomsma DI, Baker TB, Gelernter J, Kaprio J, Caporaso NE, Thorgeirsson TE, Hokanson JE, Bierut LJ, Stefansson K, Johnson EO. Genome-wide association study across European and African American ancestries identifies a SNP in DNMT3B contributing to nicotine dependence. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1911-1919. [PMID: 28972577 PMCID: PMC5882602 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Nicotine dependence, which reduces the likelihood of quitting smoking, is a heritable trait with firmly established associations with sequence variants in nicotine acetylcholine receptor genes and at other loci. To search for additional loci, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of nicotine dependence, totaling 38,602 smokers (28,677 Europeans/European Americans and 9925 African Americans) across 15 studies. In this largest-ever GWAS meta-analysis for nicotine dependence and the largest-ever cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis for any smoking phenotype, we reconfirmed the well-known CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genes and further yielded a novel association in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3B. The intronic DNMT3B rs910083-C allele (frequency=44-77%) was associated with increased risk of nicotine dependence at P=3.7 × 10-8 (odds ratio (OR)=1.06 and 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-1.07 for severe vs mild dependence). The association was independently confirmed in the UK Biobank (N=48,931) using heavy vs never smoking as a proxy phenotype (P=3.6 × 10-4, OR=1.05, and 95% CI=1.02-1.08). Rs910083-C is also associated with increased risk of squamous cell lung carcinoma in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (N=60,586, meta-analysis P=0.0095, OR=1.05, and 95% CI=1.01-1.09). Moreover, rs910083-C was implicated as a cis-methylation quantitative trait locus (QTL) variant associated with higher DNMT3B methylation in fetal brain (N=166, P=2.3 × 10-26) and a cis-expression QTL variant associated with higher DNMT3B expression in adult cerebellum from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (N=103, P=3.0 × 10-6) and the independent Brain eQTL Almanac (N=134, P=0.028). This novel DNMT3B cis-acting QTL variant highlights the importance of genetically influenced regulation in brain on the risks of nicotine dependence, heavy smoking and consequent lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Hancock
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Y Guo
- Center for Genomics in Public Health and Medicine, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - N C Gaddis
- Research Computing Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C C Minica
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A Markunas
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Y Han
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - K A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - D F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - F Gu
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D W McNeil
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - B Qaiser
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Glasheen
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Olson
- Public Health Informatics Program, eHealth, Quality and Analytics Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M T Landi
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - L A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - H R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - R J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C I Amos
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T B Baker
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, Department of Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - J E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - E O Johnson
- Fellow Program and Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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22
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Duruisseaux M, Esteller M. Lung cancer epigenetics: From knowledge to applications. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:116-128. [PMID: 28919484 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in our understanding of the genomics of lung cancer have led to substantial progress in the treatment of specific molecular subsets. Immunotherapy also emerges as a major breakthrough in lung cancer treatment. However, challenges remain as a consensual approach for early lung cancer detection remains elusive while primary or secondary drug resistance eventually leads to treatment failure in all patients with advanced disease. Furthermore, a large portion of patients are still treated with conventional chemotherapy that is only modestly effective. The last two decades have seen exponential developments in the epigenetic understanding of lung cancer. Epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression, chromatin modeling and post transcriptional regulators are key events in each step of lung cancer pathogenesis. Here, we review the central role epigenetic disruptions play in lung cancer carcinogenesis and the acquisition of cancerous phenotype and aggressive behavior as well as in the resistance to therapy. Epigenetic disruptions could represent reliable biomarkers for lung cancer risk assessment, early diagnosis, prognosis stratification, molecular classification and prediction of treatment efficacy. The therapeutic potential of epigenetics targeted drugs in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy is currently being intensively investigated. We suggest that integration of tissue-derived or circulating epigenetic biomarkers and epidrugs in clinical trial design will translate epigenetic knowledge of lung cancer into the clinic and improve lung cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Duruisseaux
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC); Department of Respiratory Medecine, Hôpital Louis-Pradel, Hospices civils de Lyon, 28 avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69677, Lyon cedex, France.
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC); Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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23
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Yalcin A, Kovarbasic M, Wehrle J, Claus R, Becker H, Abdelkarim M, Gaidzik VI, Schmidts A, Wäsch R, Pahl HL, Döhner K, Bullinger L, Duyster J, Lübbert M, Hackanson B. The oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) is epigenetically regulated in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 55:76-85.e3. [PMID: 28760688 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation differences between normal tissue and cancerous tissue resulting in differential expression of genes are a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can provide malignant cells with a growth advantage via silencing of specific genes, for example, transcription factors. Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) was reported to be differentially methylated and associated with prognosis in AML and, as reported for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant glioma, may play a role in malignant transformation. We report that DNA methylation of OLIG2 is associated with decreased expression of mRNA in AML cell lines and patients. Moreover, in cell lines, decreased mRNA expression also translated into decreased OLIG2 protein expression. Treatment of non-expressing cell lines PL-21 and U-937 with the demethylating agent decitabine resulted in robust re-expression of OLIG2 on mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, stable overexpression of OLIG2 in non-expressing cell lines Kasumi-1 and U-937, using a lentiviral vector system, led to moderate growth inhibition after 4 days and resulted in signs of differentiation in U-937 cells. Interestingly, although CD34 + cells from healthy donors and 10 of 12 AML patients exhibited no protein expression, OLIG2 was expressed in two patients, both bearing the translocation t(15;17), corresponding to OLIG2 expression in NB-4 cells, also harboring t(15;17). In conclusion, we provide first evidence that OLIG2 is epigenetically regulated via DNA methylation and expressed in a subset of AML patients. OLIG2 may exert antiproliferative activity in leukemia cell lines, and its potential leukemia-suppressing role in AML warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Yalcin
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlon Kovarbasic
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Wehrle
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programm, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becker
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Abdelkarim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Verena I Gaidzik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmidts
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike L Pahl
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hackanson
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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24
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Marchi FA, Martins DC, Barros-Filho MC, Kuasne H, Busso Lopes AF, Brentani H, Trindade Filho JCS, Guimarães GC, Faria EF, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Lopes A, Rogatto SR. Multidimensional integrative analysis uncovers driver candidates and biomarkers in penile carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6707. [PMID: 28751665 PMCID: PMC5532302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular data generation and their combination in penile carcinomas (PeCa), a significant public health problem in poor and underdeveloped countries, remain virtually unexplored. An integrativemethodology combin ing genome-wide copy number alteration, DNA methylation, miRNA and mRNA expression analysis was performed in a set of 20 usual PeCa. The well-ranked 16 driver candidates harboring genomic alterations and regulated by a set of miRNAs, including hsa-miR-31, hsa-miR-34a and hsa-miR-130b, were significantly associated with over-represented pathways in cancer, such as immune-inflammatory system, apoptosis and cell cycle. Modules of co-expressed genes generated from expression matrix were associated with driver candidates and classified according to the over-representation of passengers, thus suggesting an alteration of the pathway dynamics during the carcinogenesis. This association resulted in 10 top driver candidates (AR, BIRC5, DNMT3B, ERBB4, FGFR1, PML, PPARG, RB1, TNFSF10 and STAT1) selected and confirmed as altered in an independent set of 33 PeCa samples. In addition to the potential driver genes herein described, shorter overall survival was associated with BIRC5 and DNMT3B overexpression (log-rank test, P = 0.026 and P = 0.002, respectively) highlighting its potential as novel prognostic marker for penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Correa Martins
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliney F Faria
- Department of Urology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ademar Lopes
- A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital and Institute of Regional Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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25
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A Tox21 Approach to Altered Epigenetic Landscapes: Assessing Epigenetic Toxicity Pathways Leading to Altered Gene Expression and Oncogenic Transformation In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061179. [PMID: 28587163 PMCID: PMC5486002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging vision for toxicity testing in the 21st century foresees in vitro assays assuming the leading role in testing for chemical hazards, including testing for carcinogenicity. Toxicity will be determined by monitoring key steps in functionally validated molecular pathways, using tests designed to reveal chemically-induced perturbations that lead to adverse phenotypic endpoints in cultured human cells. Risk assessments would subsequently be derived from the causal in vitro endpoints and concentration vs. effect data extrapolated to human in vivo concentrations. Much direct experimental evidence now shows that disruption of epigenetic processes by chemicals is a carcinogenic mode of action that leads to altered gene functions playing causal roles in cancer initiation and progression. In assessing chemical safety, it would therefore be advantageous to consider an emerging class of carcinogens, the epigenotoxicants, with the ability to change chromatin and/or DNA marks by direct or indirect effects on the activities of enzymes (writers, erasers/editors, remodelers and readers) that convey the epigenetic information. Evidence is reviewed supporting a strategy for in vitro hazard identification of carcinogens that induce toxicity through disturbance of functional epigenetic pathways in human somatic cells, leading to inactivated tumour suppressor genes and carcinogenesis. In the context of human cell transformation models, these in vitro pathway measurements ensure high biological relevance to the apical endpoint of cancer. Four causal mechanisms participating in pathways to persistent epigenetic gene silencing were considered: covalent histone modification, nucleosome remodeling, non-coding RNA interaction and DNA methylation. Within these four interacting mechanisms, 25 epigenetic toxicity pathway components (SET1, MLL1, KDM5, G9A, SUV39H1, SETDB1, EZH2, JMJD3, CBX7, CBX8, BMI, SUZ12, HP1, MPP8, DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TET1, MeCP2, SETDB2, BAZ2A, UHRF1, CTCF, HOTAIR and ANRIL) were found to have experimental evidence showing that functional perturbations played “driver” roles in human cellular transformation. Measurement of epigenotoxicants presents challenges for short-term carcinogenicity testing, especially in the high-throughput modes emphasized in the Tox21 chemicals testing approach. There is need to develop and validate in vitro tests to detect both, locus-specific, and genome-wide, epigenetic alterations with causal links to oncogenic cellular phenotypes. Some recent examples of cell-based high throughput chemical screening assays are presented that have been applied or have shown potential for application to epigenetic endpoints.
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26
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Rani L, Mathur N, Gupta R, Gogia A, Kaur G, Dhanjal JK, Sundar D, Kumar L, Sharma A. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling integrated with gene expression profiling identifies PAX9 as a novel prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:57. [PMID: 28572861 PMCID: PMC5450117 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), epigenomic and genomic studies have expanded the existing knowledge about the disease biology and led to the identification of potential biomarkers relevant for implementation of personalized medicine. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine and integrate the global DNA methylation changes with gene expression profile and their impact on clinical outcome in early stage CLL patients. Results The integration of DNA methylation profile (n = 14) with the gene expression profile (n = 21) revealed 142 genes as hypermethylated-downregulated and; 62 genes as hypomethylated-upregulated in early stage CLL patients compared to CD19+ B-cells from healthy individuals. The mRNA expression levels of 17 genes identified to be differentially methylated and/or differentially expressed was further examined in early stage CLL patients (n = 93) by quantitative real time PCR (RQ-PCR). Significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression of MEIS1, PMEPA1, SOX7, SPRY1, CDK6, TBX2, and SPRY2 genes in CLL cells as compared to B-cells from healthy individuals. The analysis in the IGHV mutation based categories (Unmutated = 39, Mutated = 54) revealed significantly higher mRNA expression of CRY1 and PAX9 genes in the IGHV unmutated subgroup (p < 0.001). The relative risk of treatment initiation was significantly higher among patients with high expression of CRY1 (RR = 1.91, p = 0.005) or PAX9 (RR = 1.87, p = 0.001). High expression of CRY1 (HR: 3.53, p < 0.001) or PAX9 (HR: 3.14, p < 0.001) gene was significantly associated with shorter time to first treatment. The high expression of PAX9 gene (HR: 3.29, 95% CI 1.172–9.272, p = 0.016) was also predictive of shorter overall survival in CLL. Conclusions The DNA methylation changes associated with mRNA expression of CRY1 and PAX9 genes allow risk stratification of early stage CLL patients. This comprehensive analysis supports the concept that the epigenetic changes along with the altered expression of genes have the potential to predict clinical outcome in early stage CLL patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0356-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Nitin Mathur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, DBT-AIST International Laboratory of Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, DBT-AIST International Laboratory of Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029 India
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27
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Laulicht-Glick F, Wu F, Zhang X, Jordan A, Brocato J, Kluz T, Sun H, Costa M. Tungsten exposure causes a selective loss of histone demethylase protein. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1778-1788. [PMID: 28218462 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our investigations into the toxicity of tungstate, we discovered that cellular exposure resulted in the loss of the histone demethylase protein. We specifically investigated the loss of two histone demethylase dioxygenases, JARID1A and JMJD1A. Both of these proteins were degraded in the presence of tungstate and this resulted in increased global levels of H3K4me3 and H3K9me2, the substrates of JARID1A and JMJD1A, respectively. Treatment with MG132 completely inhibited the loss of the demethylase proteins induced by tungstate treatment, suggesting that tungstate activated the proteasomal degradation of these proteins. The changes in global histone marks and loss of histone demethylase protein persisted for at least 48 h after removing sodium tungstate from the culture. The increase in global histone methylation remained when cells were cultured in methionine-free media, indicating that the increased histone methylation did not depend upon any de novo methylation process, but rather was due to the loss of the demethylase protein. Similar increases of H3K4me3 and H3K9me2 were observed in the livers of the mice that were acutely exposed to tungstate via their drinking water. Taken together, our results indicated that tungstate exposure specifically reduced histone demethylase JARID1A and JMJD1A via proteasomal degradation, leading to increased histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freda Laulicht-Glick
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Ashley Jordan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Jason Brocato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York
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28
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Gao M, He D, Meng F, Li J, Shen Y. Associations of DNMT3B -149C>T and -2437T>A polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:293. [PMID: 27876061 PMCID: PMC5118893 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-1052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3B polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility of lung cancer. DNMT3B -2437T>A is a novel polymorphism, and its influence on the risk of lung cancer in Chinese was investigated in this study. In addition, effect of DNMT3B -149C>T polymorphism on lung cancer was also explored. METHODS Genotyping in subjects were performed by PCR-RFLP. Haplotype frequencies were estimated by estimating haplotype software. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Neither of the two polymorphisms was correlated with lung cancer (-149C>T: CT+TT vs CC: OR = 0.78, 95%CI, 0.57 to 1.05, P = 0.361; -2437T>A: AT+AA vs TT: OR = 0.99, 95%CI, 0.74 to 1.33, P = 0.168). In stratification analysis, T-allele carrier genotype of -149C>T polymorphism resulted in a reduced lung cancer risk at stage II, compared with CC (OR = 0.46, 95%CI, 0.28 to 0.77, P = 0.023). In haplotype analysis, when -149C/-2437T was used as reference, the other combined genotypes of the two polymorphisms had no significant effect on lung cancer risk (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The two DNMT3B polymorphisms are not correlated with lung cancer risk among Chinese population nor the haplotype of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001 China
| | - Daqiang He
- Department of Radiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Fanji Meng
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
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29
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Zhou W, Tian D, He J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cui L, jia L, Zhang L, Li L, Shu Y, Yu S, Zhao J, Yuan X, Peng S. Repeated PM2.5 exposure inhibits BEAS-2B cell P53 expression through ROS-Akt-DNMT3B pathway-mediated promoter hypermethylation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:20691-703. [PMID: 26942697 PMCID: PMC4991485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been reported to be closely associated with the increased lung cancer risk in populations, but the mechanisms underlying PM-associated carcinogenesis are not yet clear. Previous studies have indicated that aberrant epigenetic alterations, such as genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and gene-specific DNA hypermethylation contribute to lung carcinogenesis. And silence or mutation of P53 tumor suppressor gene is the most prevalent oncogenic driver in lung cancer development. To explore the effects of PM2.5 on global and P53 promoter methylation changes and the mechanisms involved, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to low concentrations of PM2.5 for 10 days. Our results indicated that PM2.5-induced global DNA hypomethylation was accompanied by reduced DNMT1 expression. PM2.5 also induced hypermethylation of P53 promoter and inhibited its expression by increasing DNMT3B protein level. Furthermore, ROS-induced activation of Akt was involved in PM2.5-induced increase in DNMT3B. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that repeated exposure to PM2.5 induces epigenetic silencing of P53 through ROS-Akt-DNMT3B pathway-mediated promoter hypermethylation, which not only provides a possible explanation for PM-induced lung cancer, but also may help to identify specific interventions to prevent PM-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Dongdong Tian
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lan Cui
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Li jia
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lizhong Li
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yulei Shu
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Shouzhong Yu
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Shuangqing Peng
- Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, PR China
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Kazanets A, Shorstova T, Hilmi K, Marques M, Witcher M. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes: Paradigms, puzzles, and potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1865:275-88. [PMID: 27085853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a set of diseases with heterogeneous molecular pathologies. However, there are a number of universal aberrations common to all cancers, one of these being the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). The silencing of TSGs is thought to be an early, driving event in the oncogenic process. With this in consideration, great efforts have been made to develop small molecules aimed at the restoration of TSGs in order to limit tumor cell proliferation and survival. However, the molecular forces that drive the broad epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional repression of these genes remain ill-defined. Undoubtedly, understanding the molecular underpinnings of transcriptionally silenced TSGs will aid us in our ability to reactivate these key anti-cancer targets. Here, we describe what we consider to be the five most logical molecular mechanisms that may account for this widely observed phenomenon: 1) ablation of transcription factor binding, 2) overexpression of DNA methyltransferases, 3) disruption of CTCF binding, 4) elevation of EZH2 activity, 5) aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs. The strengths and weaknesses of each proposed mechanism is highlighted, followed by an overview of clinical efforts to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kazanets
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Tatiana Shorstova
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Khalid Hilmi
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Maud Marques
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Michael Witcher
- The Lady Davis Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Wang JC, Wang Z, Fan YX, Si YQ, Wang JX. DNA methyltransferase 3b silencing affects locus-specific DNA methylation and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2499-2506. [PMID: 26137097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription, and its role in carcinogenesis has been a topic of considerable interest in previous years. The present study examined the influence of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the methylation status of identified tumor suppressor genes in hepatoma SMMC-7721 and BEL-7402 cells. DNMT3b was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Transfection efficiency was verified using a fluorescent imaging system, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. A cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The migratory and invasive ability of cells was measured using a Transwell assay. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was performed to assess methylation in the promoter region of genes. The present data revealed that DNMT3b siRNA successfully inhibited expression of the DNMT3b gene in these two liver cancer cell lines and therefore inhibited the proliferation of the transfected cells, stimulated apoptosis in the cells, led to an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decreased cell migration and invasion. It was also found that silencing DNMT3b expression results in hypomethylation of specific sets of gene promoters and increases the expression of distinct set of genes in HCC cell lines. The present study is therefore useful for assessing the specificity of emerging action based on the altered expression of associated regulatory genes, particularly in methylation-silenced genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Fan
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qing Si
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108;
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