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Wang S, Wang P, Wang D, Shen S, Wang S, Li Y, Chen H. Postbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: efficacy, mechanism, and therapeutic implications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:721-734. [PMID: 39007163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most challenging diseases in the 21st century, and more than 10 million people around the world suffer from IBD. Because of the limitations and adverse effects associated with conventional IBD therapies, there has been increased scientific interest in microbial-derived biomolecules, known as postbiotics. Postbiotics are defined as the preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit on the host, comprising inactivated microbial cells, cell fractions, metabolites, etc. Postbiotics have shown potential in enhancing IBD treatment by reducing inflammation, modulating the immune system, stabilizing intestinal flora and maintaining the integrity of intestinal barriers. Consequently, they are considered promising adjunctive therapies for IBD. Recent studies indicate that postbiotics offer distinctive advantages, including spanning clinical (safe origin), technological (easy for storage and transportation) and economic (reduced production costs) dimensions, rendering them suitable for widespread applications in functional food/pharmaceutical. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the definition, classification and applications of postbiotics, with an emphasis on their biological activity in both the prevention and treatment of IBD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | | | - Shiqi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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Arenas YM, Pérez-Martinez G, Montoliu C, Llansola M, Felipo V. Extracellular vesicles from L. paracasei improve neuroinflammation, GABA neurotransmission and motor incoordination in hyperammonemic rats. Brain Behav Immun 2025; 123:556-570. [PMID: 39384052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis may show minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with motor incoordination and cognitive impairment that reduce life quality and span. Motor incoordination is due to neuroinflammation and enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission in cerebellum. Recent reports support that probiotics, including L. casei, may improve cognitive function in different pathologies and MHE in cirrhotic patients. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are small cell-derived membrane vesicles that carry bioactive molecules released from cells, including bacteria. We hypothesized that EV from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (LC-EV) could improve neuroinflammation, GABAergic neurotransmission and motor function in MHE. We show that LC-EV treatment reverses glial activation and neuroinflammation in cerebellum and restore motor coordination in hyperammonemic rats. Moreover, ex vivo treatment of cerebellar slices from hyperammonemic rats with LC-EV also reverses glial activation and neuroinflammation, and the enhancement of the TNFR1-S1PR2-BDNF-TrkB and TNFR1-TrkB-pAKT-NFκB-glutaminase-GAT3 pathways and of GABAergic neurotransmission. The results reported support that LC-EV may be used as a therapeutic tool to improve motor incoordination in patients with MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza M Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (C.S.I.C.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martinez
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (C.S.I.C.), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmina Montoliu
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu W, Cheng H, Zhang H, Liu G, Yin X, Zhang C, Jiang R, Wang Z, Ding X. Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei LK01 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3474. [PMID: 39682439 DOI: 10.3390/ani14233474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding L. paracasei LK01 to the diet on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health, and serum biochemical indicators of broilers. This study selected 1080 one-day-old broiler chickens with similar body weight, and randomly divided them into six groups, with six replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (CON), (2) the basal diet with 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T1), (3) the basal diet with 107 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T2), (4) the basal diet with 108 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T3), (5) the basal diet with 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T4), and (6) the basal diet with 1010 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with L. paracasei significantly increased body weight from 1 to 21 days (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 group significantly reduced the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and triglyceride levels; the 107 CFU/kg,108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 groups also reduced serum uric acid and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). The experimental groups all had lower serum levels of malondialdehyde and interleukin-1β (p < 0.01). Except for the 106 CFU/kg group, all experimental groups had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α, and the 106 and 107 CFU/kg groups had higher immunoglobulin M levels (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg group significantly reduced the depth of the ileocecal crypts and increased the villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) of the jejunum and ileum. In addition, dietary supplementation with L. paracasei LK01 did not change the α diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, but significantly increased the proportion of Bacteroides (phylum) (p < 0.05). The 106 CFU/kg group also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae (genus), Lachnospiraceae (genus), and Faecalibacterium (genus) (p < 0.05). In summary, this study revealed that adding 106 CFU/kg of L. paracasei LKO1 to broiler diets can improve their production performance, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant, and immune capabilities, as well as cecal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinyu Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Runsheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230031, China
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Ren C, Hu C, Hu M, Wu Y, Yang Y, Lu F. Melatonin protects RPE cells from necroptosis and NLRP3 activation via promoting SERCA2-related intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156088. [PMID: 39341129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an antioxidant that also has anti-inflammatory effects. It has been reported to delay the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), however, the mechanism has not been fully recognized. PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on sodium iodate (SI)-induced retinal degeneration and elucidate the specific mechanisms, then, provide novel targets in AMD treatment. METHODS Retinal degeneration mouse model and in vitro retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) death model were established by SI treatment. Melatonin was administrated intraperitoneally at a concentration of 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg for in vivo study or treated at 48 h before SI treatment. To confirm the therapeutic effects of melatonin on mouse, the retinal structure and visual function were evaluated. The specific cell death rates were determined by CCK-8 assay, PI staining and protein level of RIPK3. The cytosolic or mitochondrial calcium levels were determined by Fluo-4AM or Rhod-2AM staining. Mitochondrial functions including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial membrane potential, or mitochondrial permeability pore opening were evaluated. The proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were measured by western blot assay while the genes expression in calcium signaling pathway were measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We show that melatonin protects RPE cells from necroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by SI. Mechanistically, melatonin suppresses ER stress and intracellular calcium overload triggered by SI through restoring the function of SERCA2. Silencing of SERCA2 or blocking of melatonin receptors inhibit the protective effects of melatonin. Melatonin reduces mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and restores mitochondrial membrane potential. Constant mitochondrial Ca2+ overload directly promote cell necroptosis through mitochondrial fission. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 prevent necroptosis induced by SI without altering the level of mitochondrial Ca2+. CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed that melatonin protects RPE cells from SI-induced injury by regulates MT2/SERCA2/Ca2+ axis. This study highlighted the potential of melatonin in the treatment of AMD and elucidated the mechanism and signaling pathway that mediate the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Yang W, Lin P, Gao R, Fang Z, Wang Z, Ma Z, Shi J, Yu W. Cell-derived biomimetic drug delivery system for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 29:101332. [PMID: 39606424 PMCID: PMC11600033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent disease with an increasing incidence year by year. At present, no safe and effective treatment for IBD exists. Thus, there is an urgent need to create new therapeutic options that have decreased adverse effects and positive clinical efficacy. A range of nanomaterials have fueled the advancement of nanomedicine in recent years, which is establishing more appealing and prospective treatment approaches for IBD. However, traditional synthetic nanomaterials still have some problems in the IBD drug delivery process, such as weak targeting ability of vectors, difficulty escaping immune surveillance, and poor biosecurity. Natural sources of biological nanomaterials have been identified to solve the above problems. A drug delivery system based on bionic technology is expected to achieve a new breakthrough in the targeted therapy of IBD by nanotechnology due to its organic integration of low immunogenicity and natural targeting of biological materials and the controllability and versatility of synthetic nanocarrier design. We begin this review by outlining the fundamental traits of both inflammatory and healthy intestinal microenvironments. Subsequently, we review the latest application of a cell-derived bionic drug delivery system in IBD therapy. Finally, we discuss the development prospects of this delivery system and challenges to its clinical translation. Biomimetic nanotherapy is believed to offer a new strategy for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Peihong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Zhengyu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Zhouru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
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Li Z, Li M, Fang X, Yu D, Hu X. Dietary Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate acute colitis by regulating gut microbiota and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:11757-11779. [PMID: 39545264 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo04194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with intricate pathogenesis, and clinical treatment is still not ideal. The imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with IBD progression. Various probiotics have been used as functional foods for the prevention and treatment of IBD, but the specific mechanism is still not fully understood. Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) is a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium, and compared to other probiotic Lactobacillus species, its colonization in the gut of colitis patients is significantly reduced. In this study, we first found that dietary L. johnsonii exerts strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in colitis mice, and this beneficial effect is directly related to its derived extracellular vesicles (LJ-EVs). Further experimental results indicate that LJ-EVs effectively prevented colitis symptoms and modulated gut microbiota and metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, we have studied for the first time the protective effect of LJ-EVs on the intestinal barrier from the perspective of reducing oxidative stress. We found that LJ-EVs can be directly taken up by intestinal epithelial cells and activate the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway, reducing endotoxin damage to cells and maintaining intestinal barrier homeostasis, which cascades to alleviate intestinal inflammation response. This study reveals the mechanism of L. johnsonii in treating colitis and provides a new approach for the development of oral LJ-EVs for the treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
| | - Mengyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuexun Fang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dahai Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Song M, Fan J, Guo X, Tao S. Impact of probiotics-derived extracellular vesicles on livestock gut barrier function. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:149. [PMID: 39506860 PMCID: PMC11542448 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms. They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases. The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other substances. This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract, exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research. Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics operate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Mengzhen Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Jinping Fan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Xuming Guo
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
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Baek J, Lee S, Lee J, Park J, Choi E, Kang SS. Utilization of Probiotic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Postbiotics and Their Role in Mental Health Therapeutics. Food Sci Anim Resour 2024; 44:1252-1265. [PMID: 39554832 PMCID: PMC11564138 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
As consumers become more interested in healthier lifestyles, the global functional food market is expanding. Probiotics have gained attention because of their numerous health benefits to the host and may even treat various pathological conditions. Probiotics interact with host cells, and particularly, probiotics-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are key factors in the health benefits of probiotics. Additionally, extracellular vesicles are nano-scaled lipid-bilayer particles that carry various biological molecules, indicating potential as new postbiotics that can provide the same health benefits as probiotics while complementing the side effects associated with probiotics. The importance of mental health care is becoming increasingly prominent considering societal conditions, such as the recent aging population and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, the response to mental health issues among modern individuals is insufficient, and there is a need for the development of new personalized treatments to overcome the limitations of current mental health therapies. PEVs have various physiological functions, including mediating cellular communication in the central nervous system, which indicates associations among mental disorders. Therefore, we focused on the beneficial effects of PEVs on the brain and mental health. Recent research has shown that PEVs can adjust the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating antidepressant and cognitive function improvement effects. This suggests that PEVs have potential as therapeutic agents for improving mental health and treating brain disorders. Based on this, we review these findings and present the beneficial effects of PEVs on mental health and the challenges that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Baek
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Suyeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and
Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk
University, Goyang 10326, Korea
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Jayathilaka EHTT, Hasitha Madhawa Dias MK, Tennakoon MSBWTMNS, Chulhong O, Nikapitiya C, Shin HJ, De Zoysa M. Mapping the proteomic landscape and anti-inflammatory role of Streptococcus parauberis extracellular vesicles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:109945. [PMID: 39378979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound structures involved in intercellular communication and transport of bioactive molecules. In this study, we described the proteomic insight and anti-inflammatory activity of Streptococcus parauberis BEVs (SpEVs). Proteomics analysis of SpEVs identified 6209 distinct peptides and 1039 proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated enrichment in pathways related to the biosynthesis of aminoacyl tRNA, amino acids, and secondary metabolites. Based on the predicted protein-protein interactions, we discovered key immunological proteins such as IL12A, IL12B, IL8, CD28, and NF-κB between SpEVs and human proteins. Functionally, SpEVs exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells by reducing the production of key inflammatory mediators. These include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6, as well as inflammation-related proteins like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). qRT-PCR and immunoblotting results clearly indicate that SpEVs modulate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways to induce anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments with zebrafish larvae demonstrated that SpEVs treatment reduced the NO and ROS production with minimal cell mortality. Finally, we validated the anti-inflammatory activity of SpEVs in vivo by systematically assessing the inhibition of NO production, reduction in ROS generation, prevention of cell death, and modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, SpEVs contain rich in unique proteins that play crucial roles in mediating anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M S B W T M Nipuna Sudaraka Tennakoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Chulhong
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Gujwa-eup, Jeju 2670, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Woo HE, Cho JY, Lim YH. Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and improve collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:24973. [PMID: 39443658 PMCID: PMC11500175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis causes excessive bone loss by stimulating osteoclast differentiation. Extracellular vesicles are valuable disease markers, conveyors of distant cell-to-cell communication, and carriers for drug delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii MJ2 (PFEVs) and the improvement effect of PFEVs on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) animal model. PFEVs were observed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and LC-MS/MS. The inhibitory activity of PFEVs against receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. PFEVs significantly decreased the expression levels of genes and proteins related to osteoclast differentiation. PFEVs decreased RANK-RANKL binding. In a CIA mouse model, PFEVs treatment significantly reduced arthritis scores and collagen-specific immunoglobulins. PFEVs treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed by H&E staining, and PFEVs treatment inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the CIA mouse model. In conclusion, PFEVs inhibited osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting RANK-RANKL signaling, thereby decreasing the expression of osteoclast differentiation-related genes. PFEVs also improved collagen-induced arthritis by inhibiting inflammation and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Eun Woo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Cho
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Chang X, Zhang S, Li C, Zhang H, Yang W, Zhang W, Ye Z, Liang Y, Qiu X, Zeng J. Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus Paracasei CMU-Pb-L5 In a Subcutaneous Transplanted Tumor Model of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:2525-2536. [PMID: 39439459 PMCID: PMC11492875 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.99646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei (L.p) is a prevalent probiotic strain within the Lactobacillus genus, which has robust intestinal colonization capabilities. Previous studies have demonstrated the anticancer properties of L.p both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity in vivo remain unclear. This study established a subcutaneous transplanted tumor model of colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice to investigate the impact of L.p CMU-Pb-L5. Various parameters including tumor volume, tumor weight, histological alterations in tumor tissue, levels of polyamines and immune-related cytokines in serum, as well as the expression of polyamine metabolism-related and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated. The results suggested that L.p CMU-Pb-L5 exhibited inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation, promotion of tumor cell apoptosis, reduction in polyamine levels, and enhancement of the immune response in CRC mice. To sum up, these results suggested that L.p CMU-Pb-L5 holds promise for potential clinical applications in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071051, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shaobing Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Cong Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Metabolic Immunology and Oral Disease, Department of Stomatology, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Community health service center of Dongguan Dalang Town, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Xinghai Institute of Cell, Guangdong Xianhua Institute for Medical Research, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Xinghai Institute of Cell, Guangdong Xianhua Institute for Medical Research, Dongguan 523808, China
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12
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Sanwlani R, Bramich K, Mathivanan S. Role of probiotic extracellular vesicles in inter-kingdom communication and current technical limitations in advancing their therapeutic utility. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 5:509-526. [PMID: 39697628 PMCID: PMC11648425 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2024.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Diverse functions of probiotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied over the past decade, proposing their role in inter-kingdom communication. Studies have explored their therapeutic role in pathophysiological processes ranging from cancer, immunoregulation, and ulcerative colitis to stress-induced depression. These studies have highlighted the significant and novel potential of probiotic EVs for therapeutic applications, offering immense promise in addressing several unmet clinical needs. Additionally, probiotic EVs are being explored as vehicles for targeted delivery approaches. However, the realization of clinical utility of probiotic EVs is hindered by several knowledge gaps, pitfalls, limitations, and challenges, which impede their wider acceptance by the scientific community. Among these, limited knowledge of EV biogenesis, markers and regulators in bacteria, variations in cargo due to culture conditions or EV isolation method, and lack of proper understanding of gut uptake and demonstration of in vivo effect are some important issues. This review aims to summarize the diverse roles of probiotic EVs in health and disease conditions. More importantly, it discusses the significant knowledge gaps and limitations that stand in the way of the therapeutic utility of probiotic EVs. Furthermore, the importance of addressing these gaps and limitations with technical advances such as rigorous omics has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Correspondence to: Prof. Suresh Mathivanan, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Science Drive, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia. E-mail:
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13
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Lee S, Jung SY, Yoo D, Go D, Park JY, Lee JM, Um W. Alternatives of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as potential therapeutic platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1478517. [PMID: 39315312 PMCID: PMC11417005 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1478517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With outstanding therapeutic potential in the tissue regeneration and anti-inflammation, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have emerged as a prominent therapeutic in recent. However, poor production yield and reproducibility have remained as significant challenges of their practical applications. To surmount these challenges, various alternative materials with stem cell-like functions, have been recently investigated, however, there has been no comprehensive analysis in these alternatives so far. Here, we discuss the recent progress of alternatives of MSC-EXOs, including exosomes and exosome-like nanovesicles from various biological sources such as plants, milk, microbes, and body fluids. Moreover, we extensively compare each alternative by summarizing their unique functions and mode of actions to suggest the expected therapeutic target and future directions for developing alternatives for MSC-EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen X, Li Q, Xie J, Nie S. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Opportunities and Challenges. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19259-19273. [PMID: 39177683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are known to modulate host immune responses in the course of many diseases. Recently, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain bioactive proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites released by bacteria, have been identified as potentially important mediators of bacteria-bacterium and bacteria-host interactions. With the deepening of research, it has been found that probiotic-derived EVs play a significant role in regulating host immune function and, thus, exerting health-promoting effects. Nevertheless, current research is in its early stages, and there remains a long way to go to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice. In this review, we describe the fundamental aspects of probiotic-derived EVs, including their biogenesis, cargo sorting mechanism, and transport capabilities. We further discussed the potential mechanisms of probiotic-derived EVs in regulating the host's gut microbiota and immune responses. Finally, we speculate about the potential of probiotic-derived EVs as new postbiotics for applications in functional food, disease treatment substitutes, and immune regulatory adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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15
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Lei Q, Divakarla SK, Winsley T, Roux S, Chrzanowski W. Bioprocessing strategies for enhanced probiotic extracellular vesicle production: culture condition modulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1441552. [PMID: 39280339 PMCID: PMC11392866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1441552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic extracellular vesicles are biochemically active structures responsible for biological effects elicited by probiotic bacteria. Lactobacillus spp., which are abundant in the human body (e.g., gut), are known to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, and are commonly used in food products, supplements, and in discovery research. There is increasing evidence that Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles (LREVs) have potent immunomodulatory capacity that is superior to probiotics themselves. However, key mechanistic insights into the process that controls production and thus, the function of LREVs, are lacking. Currently, it is unknown how the probiotic culture microenvironment orchestrates the type, yield and function of LREVs. Here, we investigated how multifactor modulation of the biomanufacturing process controls the yield and biological functionality of the LREVs. To achieve this, we selected Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as the candidate probiotic, initially cultivated under traditional culture conditions, i.e., 100% broth concentration and pH 5.5. Subsequently, we systematically modified the culture conditions of the probiotic by adjusting three critical process parameters: (1) culture medium pH (pH 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5), (2) growth time (48 and 72 h), and (3) broth concentration (50% and 10% of original broth concentration). EVs were then isolated separately from each condition. The critical quality attributes (CQA) of LREVs, including physical characteristics (size, distribution, concentration) and biological composition (protein, carbohydrate, lipid), were analysed. Functional impacts of LREVs on human epidermal keratinocytes and Staphylococcus aureus were also assessed as CQA. Our findings show that the production of LREVs is influenced by environmental stresses induced by the culture conditions. Factors like broth concentration, pH levels, and growth time significantly impact stress levels in L. rhamnosus, affecting both the production and composition of LREVs. Additionally, we have observed that LREVs are non-toxicity for keratinocytes, the major cell type of the epidermis, and possess antimicrobial properties against S. aureus, a common human skin pathogen. These properties are prerequisites for the potential application of EVs to treat skin conditions, including infected wounds. However, the functionality of LREVs depends on the culture conditions and stress levels experienced by L. rhamnosus during production. Understanding this relationship between the culture microenvironment, probiotic stress response, and LREV characteristics, can lead to the biomanufacturing of customised probiotic-derived EVs for various medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Lei
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiva Kamini Divakarla
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, VIC, Australia
- BiomeCentric PTY LTD., Molendinar, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Shaun Roux
- BiomeCentric PTY LTD., Molendinar, QLD, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, VIC, Australia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Alikamali M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Gharehbaghi MM, Homayouni-Rad A, Fardiazar Z, Shahnazi M. Effect of probiotic administration to breastfeeding mothers with very low birthweight neonates on some neonatal and maternal outcomes: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079526. [PMID: 39209790 PMCID: PMC11404231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Premature birth and very low birth weight (VLBW) are leading causes of neonatal mortality. Almost all premature infants experience hyperbilirubinaemia. Administering probiotics to breastfeeding mothers may positively affect infant outcomes. This trial aims to investigate whether probiotic supplementation for mothers with VLBW infants affects total serum bilirubin levels and postpartum depression scores (primary outcomes), as well as some other neonatal and maternal outcomes (secondary outcomes). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority trial with two parallel arms. Participants, caregivers and outcome assessors will be blinded. A total of 122 breastfeeding mothers of neonates with a birth weight of 1000-1500 g, along with their infants within 48 hours of birth, will be assigned to either the probiotic or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio through block randomisation, stratified by singleton and twin births. The intervention will involve oral administration of probiotics containing Lactobacillus paracasei 431 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, or an indistinguishable placebo, for 42-45 days. Outcomes will be assessed through daily observations, laboratory assessments and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Adverse events will also be documented. Modified intention-to-treat analyses will be employed for the primary and secondary outcomes, excluding participants lost to follow-up from all postintervention assessments. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol has been approved by the Medical University of Tabriz Ethics Committee (IR.TBZMED.REC.1401.735). Findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20100414003706N42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alikamali
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Manizheh Mostafa Gharehbaghi
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Aziz Homayouni-Rad
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zahra Fardiazar
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mahnaz Shahnazi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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17
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Gong S, Zeng R, Liu L, Wang R, Xue M, Dong H, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Extracellular vesicles from a novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain suppress inflammation and promote M2 macrophage polarization. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1459213. [PMID: 39247191 PMCID: PMC11377267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1459213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is known for its probiotic properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from prokaryotic cells in anti-inflammatory effects. Objective This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular vesicles derived from a newly isolated strain of L. plantarum (LP25 strain) and their role in macrophage polarization. Methods The LP25 strain and its extracellular vesicles were isolated and identified through genomic sequencing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). RAW 264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or LP25-derived extracellular vesicles (LEV). Morphological changes in the cells were observed, and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6)、iNOS and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) 、Arg-1 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of Arg-1 in the treated cells. Results Treatment with LP25 EVs led to significant morphological changes in RAW 264.7 cells exposed to LPS. LP25 EVs treatment resulted in increased expression of Arg-1 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and decreased expression of iNOS and surface markers protein CD86. Flow cytometry confirmed the increased expression of the M2 macrophage marker Arg-1 in the LP25 EVs-treated group. Conclusion Extracellular vesicles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP25 can suppress inflammatory responses and promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. These findings provide new evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory activity of L. plantarum-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Man Xue
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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18
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Zeng M, Liu M, Tao X, Yin X, Shen C, Wang X. Emerging Trends in the Application of Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Oral Delivery Vehicles for Therapeutics in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8573-8601. [PMID: 39185348 PMCID: PMC11345024 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s475532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation involves complex immune responses where cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 promote vasodilation and increased vascular permeability to facilitate immune cell migration to inflammation sites. Persistent inflammation is linked to diseases like cancer, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although oral anti-inflammatory drugs are favored for their non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness, their efficacy is often compromised due to gastrointestinal degradation and limited bioavailability. Recent advancements highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery by encapsulating therapeutic agents, ensuring targeted release and reduced toxicity. These EVs, derived from dietary sources and cell cultures, exhibit excellent biocompatibility and stability, presenting a novel approach in anti-inflammatory therapies. This review discusses the classification and advantages of orally administered EVs (O-EVs), their mechanism of action, and their emerging role in treating inflammatory conditions, positioning them as promising vectors in the development of innovative anti-inflammatory drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelin Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Sandanusova M, Turkova K, Pechackova E, Kotoucek J, Roudnicky P, Sindelar M, Kubala L, Ambrozova G. Growth phase matters: Boosting immunity via Lacticasebacillus-derived membrane vesicles and their interactions with TLR2 pathways. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e169. [PMID: 39185335 PMCID: PMC11341917 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Lipid bi-layered particles known as membrane vesicles (MVs), produced by Gram-positive bacteria are a communication tool throughout the entire bacterial growth. However, the MVs characteristics may vary across all stages of maternal culture growth, leading to inconsistencies in MVs research. This, in turn, hinders their employment as nanocarriers, vaccines and other medical applications. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize MVs derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091 isolated at different growth stages: early exponential (6 h, MV6), late exponential (12 h, MV12) and late stationary phase (48 h, MV48). We observed significant differences in protein content between MV6 and MV48 (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD041580), likely contributing to their different immunomodulatory capacities. In vitro analysis demonstrated that MV48 uptake rate by epithelial Caco-2 cells is significantly higher and they stimulate an immune response in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 (elevated production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, NO). This correlated with increased expression of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and enhanced TLR2 signalling in MV48, suggesting that LTA contributes to the immunomodulation. In conclusion, we showed that Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CCM7091-derived MVs from the late stationary phase boost the immune response the most effectively, which pre-destines them for therapeutical application as nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sandanusova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kristyna Turkova
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Eva Pechackova
- Faculty of Science, Department of BiochemistryMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyVeterinary Research InstituteBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Roudnicky
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC)Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Martin Sindelar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Department of Biophysics of Immune SystemInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
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20
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Fakharian F, Sadeghi A, Pouresmaeili F, Soleimani N, Yadegar A. Anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular vesicles and cell-free supernatant derived from Lactobacillus crispatus strain RIGLD-1 on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response in gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:927-939. [PMID: 38308067 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor associated with the development of gastric cancer. Currently, administration of standard antibiotic therapy combined with probiotics and postbiotics has gained significant attention in the management of H. pylori infection. In this work, the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus crispatus-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS) were investigated on H. pylori-induced inflammatory response in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. L. crispatus-derived EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and physically characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the protein content of L. crispatus-derived EVs was also evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Cell viability of AGS cells exposed to varying concentrations of EVs and CFS was assessed by MTT assay. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-ß genes was determined by RT-qPCR. ELISA was used for the measurement of IL-8 production in AGS cells. In addition, EVs (50 μg/mL) and CFS modulated the H. pylori-induced inflammation by downregulating the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and upregulating the expression of IL-10, and TGF-ß genes in AGS cells. Furthermore, H. pylori-induced IL-8 production was dramatically decreased after treatment with L. crispatus-derived EVs and CFS. In conclusion, our observation suggests for the first time that EVs released by L. crispatus strain RIGLD-1 and its CFS could be recommended as potential therapeutic agents against H. pylori-triggered inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Ayala-García JC, Bahena-Román M, Díaz-Benítez CE, Bermúdez-Morales VH, Cruz M, Lagunas-Martínez A, Burguete-García AI. Association between Gut Microbiota and Inflammation: Mediation Analysis Using Waist Circumference. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:281-289. [PMID: 38516906 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2024.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) is implicated in the development of multiple metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota (GM) activates different signaling pathways and induces phenotypic changes, offering an exciting opportunity to treat CLI. We evaluated the mediation of waist circumference on the association of GM with serum cytokines. In this cross-sectional study of 331 children, we measured 5 gut bacterial species, namely, Lactobacillus (L.) casei, L. paracasei, L. reuteri, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, and Akkermansia (A.) muciniphila, as well as anthropometry, serum cytokines, and other covariates. We evaluated adjusted regression models, path analysis, and structural equation modeling to obtain path coefficients (PCs) for direct, indirect (waist circumference-mediated), and total effects. We found that L. paracasei was directly associated with lower interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels (PC = -173.5 pg/mL). We also observed indirect associations between S. aureus with lower adiponectin levels (PC = -0.1 µg/mL and -0.09 µg/mL). Finally, A. muciniphila was indirectly associated with higher adiponectin levels (PC = 0.1 µg/mL). Our findings suggest the importance of considering the GM composition and waist circumference when evaluating inflammatory-related factors, providing a basis for future research to identify potential strategies to intervene in inflammatory processes and prevent metabolic diseases in childhood. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ayala-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Ana Isabel Burguete-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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22
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Wei S, Su Y, Yang X, Su S, Lan L, Chen X, Huang T, Shan Q. Protective effect of zinc gluconate on intestinal mucosal barrier injury in antibiotics and LPS-induced mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407091. [PMID: 38855764 PMCID: PMC11157515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the function and mechanism of Zinc Gluconate (ZG) on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in antibiotics and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. Methods We established a composite mouse model by inducing intestinal mucosal barrier damage using antibiotics and LPS. The animals were divided into five groups: Control (normal and model) and experimental (low, medium, and high-dose ZG treatments). We evaluated the intestinal mucosal barrier using various methods, including monitoring body weight and fecal changes, assessing pathological damage and ultrastructure of the mouse ileum, analyzing expression levels of tight junction (TJ)-related proteins and genes, confirming the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and examining the structure of the intestinal flora. Results In mice, the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS led to weight loss, fecal abnormalities, disruption of ileocecal mucosal structure, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and disorganization of the microbiota structure. ZG restored body weight, alleviated diarrheal symptoms and pathological damage, and maintained the structural integrity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Additionally, ZG reduced intestinal mucosal permeability by upregulating TJ-associated proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and JAM-A) and downregulating MLCK, thereby repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage induced by dual induction of antibiotics and LPS. Moreover, ZG suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties and preserving barrier integrity. Furthermore, ZG restored gut microbiota diversity and richness, evidenced by increased Shannon and Observed features indices, and decreased Simpson's index. ZG also modulated the relative abundance of beneficial human gut bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia) and harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria and Enterobacter), repairing the damage induced by dual administration of antibiotics and LPS. Conclusion ZG attenuates the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage and also protects the intestinal barrier function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sumei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiqi Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liancheng Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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23
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Yang M. Interaction between intestinal flora and gastric cancer in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402483. [PMID: 38835386 PMCID: PMC11148328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric Cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy globally and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent researches focused on the correlation between intestinal flora and GC. Studies indicate that bacteria can influence the development of gastrointestinal tumors by releasing bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs). The Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumor survival, with the interaction between intestinal flora, BEVs, and TME directly impacting tumor progression. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that intestinal microflora and BEVs can modify TME to enhance the effectiveness of antitumor drugs. This review article provides an overview and comparison of the biological targets through which the intestinal microbiome regulates TME, laying the groundwork for potential applications in tumor diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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24
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Vicente-Gil S, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Morel E, Serra CR, Docando F, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on rainbow trout intestinal cells and splenic leukocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394501. [PMID: 38774883 PMCID: PMC11106384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles that carry bioactive molecules. Among EVs, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), specifically produced by Gram-negative bacteria, have been extensively characterized and their potential as vaccines, adjuvants or immunotherapeutic agents, broadly explored in mammals. Nonetheless, Gram-positive bacteria can also produce bilayered spherical structures from 20 to 400 nm involved in pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake and nucleic acid transfer. However, information regarding their immunomodulatory potential is very scarce, both in mammals and fish. In the current study, we have produced EVs from the Gram-positive probiotic Bacillus subtilis and evaluated their immunomodulatory capacities using a rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) and splenic leukocytes. B. subtilis EVs significantly up-regulated the transcription of several pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial genes in both RTgutGC cells and splenocytes, while also up-regulating many genes associated with B cell differentiation in the later. In concordance, B. subtilis EVs increased the number of IgM-secreting cells in splenocyte cultures, while at the same time increased the MHC II surface levels and antigen-processing capacities of splenic IgM+ B cells. Interestingly, some of these experiments were repeated comparing the effects of B. subtilis EVs to EVs obtained from another Bacillus species, Bacillus megaterium, identifying important differences. The data presented provides evidence of the immunomodulatory capacities of Gram-positive EVs, pointing to the potential of B. subtilis EVs as adjuvants or immunostimulants for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vicente-Gil
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cláudia R. Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Tan DSY, Akelew Y, Snelson M, Nguyen J, O’Sullivan KM. Unravelling the Link between the Gut Microbiome and Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4817. [PMID: 38732038 PMCID: PMC11084259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been associated with immune regulation and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune kidney diseases arise from a loss of tolerance to antigens, often with unclear triggers. In this review, we explore the role of the gut microbiome and how disease, diet, and therapy can alter the gut microbiota consortium. Perturbations in the gut microbiota may systemically induce the translocation of microbiota-derived inflammatory molecules such as liposaccharide (LPS) and other toxins by penetrating the gut epithelial barrier. Once in the blood stream, these pro-inflammatory mediators activate immune cells, which release pro-inflammatory molecules, many of which are antigens in autoimmune diseases. The ratio of gut bacteria Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes is associated with worse outcomes in multiple autoimmune kidney diseases including lupus nephritis, MPO-ANCA vasculitis, and Goodpasture's syndrome. Therapies that enhance SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut have powerful therapeutic potential. Dietary fiber is fermented by gut bacteria which in turn release SCFAs that protect the gut barrier, as well as modulating immune responses towards a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory state. Herein, we describe where the current field of research is and the strategies to harness the gut microbiome as potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Shu Yee Tan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.S.Y.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yibeltal Akelew
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.S.Y.T.); (Y.A.)
| | - Matthew Snelson
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Jenny Nguyen
- The Alfred Centre, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Kim Maree O’Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (D.S.Y.T.); (Y.A.)
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26
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Muñoz-Echeverri LM, Benavides-López S, Geiger O, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: biotechnological perspective for enhanced productivity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:174. [PMID: 38642254 PMCID: PMC11032300 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are non-replicative nanostructures released by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as a survival mechanism and inter- and intraspecific communication mechanism. Due to BEVs physical, biochemical, and biofunctional characteristics, there is interest in producing and using them in developing new therapeutics, vaccines, or delivery systems. However, BEV release is typically low, limiting their application. Here, we provide a biotechnological perspective to enhance BEV production, highlighting current strategies. The strategies include the production of hypervesiculating strains through gene modification, bacteria culture under stress conditions, and artificial vesicles production. We discussed the effect of these production strategies on BEVs types, morphology, composition, and activity. Furthermore, we summarized general aspects of BEV biogenesis, functional capabilities, and applications, framing their current importance and the need to produce them in abundance. This review will expand the knowledge about the range of strategies associated with BEV bioprocesses to increase their productivity and extend their application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Muñoz-Echeverri
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Santiago Benavides-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio B, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán CDMX, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México
| | - Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México AP. 70228, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, México.
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27
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Liu R. A promising area of research in medicine: recent advances in properties and applications of Lactobacillus-derived exosomes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1266510. [PMID: 38686107 PMCID: PMC11056577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1266510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus-derived exosomes, small extracellular vesicles released by bacteria, have emerged as a promising area of research in recent years. These exosomes possess a unique structural and functional diversity that allows them to regulate the immune response and promote gut health. The isolation and purification of these exosomes are crucial for their effective use as a therapeutic agent. Several isolation and purification methods have been developed, including differential ultracentrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, and size-exclusion chromatography. Lactobacillus-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential in various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, liver disease, and neurological disorders. Moreover, they have been shown to serve as effective carriers for drug delivery. Genetic engineering of these exosomes has also shown promise in enhancing their therapeutic potential. Overall, Lactobacillus-derived exosomes represent a promising area of research for the development of novel therapeutics for immunomodulation, gut health, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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28
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Luo M, Sun J, Li S, Wei L, Sun R, Feng X, Zhang H, Chen T, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Qi Q. Protective effect of Enterococcus faecium against ethanol-induced gastric injury via extracellular vesicles. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0389423. [PMID: 38488394 PMCID: PMC10986489 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03894-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, Enterococcus has been shown to have gastric protective functions, and the mechanisms by which Enterococcus modulates gastric function are still being investigated. Herein, we investigated how Enterococcus faecium (Efm) and E. faecium-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (EfmEVs) exert protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury by investigating the effect of EfmEVs on gastric mucosal ulcer scoring, histological lesion, mucosal glycoprotein production, acidity, anti-oxidative function, and inflammatory responses in rat. Pretreatment with Efm showed significant reduction of ethanol-induced gastric injury, as evidenced by the lowering of ulcer index, histological lesion, gastric pH, and inflammatory responses and the enhancement of mucosal glycoprotein production and anti-oxidative function. Further functional studies on three bioactive components [inactivated Efm, EfmEVs (EVs), and EV-free supernatants] of the bacterial culture showed that EVs are mostly responsible for the gastroprotective effect. Moreover, EV secretion is beneficial for the gastroprotective effect of Efm. Hence, EVs mediated the protective effect of Efm against ethanol-induced gastric injury by lowering inflammatory responses and enhancing anti-oxidative function and may be a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative strategy to alleviate hyperinflammatory gastrointestinal tract conditions.IMPORTANCEThis study indicated that Enterococcus faecium provided a protective effect against rat gastric injury, which involved improvement of the mucosal glycoprotein production, anti-oxidative function, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we confirmed that three bioactive components (inactivated Efm, extracellular vesicles, and EV-free supernatants) of E. faecium culture also contributed to the gastroprotective effect. Importantly, E. faecium-derived EVs showed an effective impact for the gastroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junhang Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Suqian Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experimental Animal Research Center), Sanya, China
| | - Ruiping Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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29
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Sim S, Park HJ, Kim YK, Choi Y, Park HS. Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate neutrophilic asthma by inhibiting the JNK pathway in airway epithelium. Allergol Int 2024; 73:302-312. [PMID: 37953104 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus paracasei has been known to reduce airway resistance and inflammation in asthma. However, the therapeutic effect of its extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with asthma remains unclear. METHODS To validate the clinical relevance of L. paracasei-derived EVs (LpEV) in asthma, the composition of gut microbial EVs was verified by metagenomics in LPS-induced C57BL/6 mice. The components of proteins and metabolites in LpEV were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting and metabolomic analysis. The serum levels of specific IgG1 or IgG4 antibodies to LpEV were compared by ELISA between patients with eosinophilic asthma (EA, n = 10) and those with neutrophilic asthma (NA, n = 10) as well as with healthy controls (HCs, n = 10). Finally, therapeutic effects of LpEV and their metabolites in asthma were validated in vivo/in vitro. RESULTS Significantly lower proportions of EVs derived from Lactobacillus at the genus level were noted in mice with NA than in control mice. Moreover, the serum levels of LpEV-specific IgG4, but not IgG1, were lower in patients with NA than in those with EA or in HCs and positively correlated with FEV1 (%) values. In addition, oral administration of LpEV reduced airway resistance and inflammation in mice with NA. Finally, LpEV and their 3 metabolites (dodecanoic acid, palmitoleic acid, and D-(-)-tagatose) significantly inhibited JNK phosphorylation/IL-8 production in airway epithelium in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that LpEV may have a therapeutic potential targeting NA by suppressing the JNK pathway and proinflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoon Sim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea.
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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30
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Sangiorgio G, Nicitra E, Bivona D, Bonomo C, Bonacci P, Santagati M, Musso N, Bongiorno D, Stefani S. Interactions of Gram-Positive Bacterial Membrane Vesicles and Hosts: Updates and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2904. [PMID: 38474151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayers derived from cell membranes, released by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria into the extracellular environment. During production, EVs carry proteins, nucleic acids, and various compounds, which are then released. While Gram-positive bacteria were traditionally thought incapable of producing EVs due to their thick peptidoglycan cell walls, recent studies on membrane vesicles (MVs) in Gram-positive bacteria have revealed their significant role in bacterial physiology and disease progression. This review explores the current understanding of MVs in Gram-positive bacteria, including the characterization of their content and functions, as well as their interactions with host and bacterial cells. It offers a fresh perspective to enhance our comprehension of Gram-positive bacterial EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sangiorgio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicitra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Dalida Bivona
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Bonomo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonacci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Dafne Bongiorno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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31
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Yang Y, Li N, Gao Y, Xu F, Chen H, Zhang C, Ni X. The activation impact of lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cell. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:70. [PMID: 38418961 PMCID: PMC10900764 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) emerges as a common postoperative complication among elderly patients. Currently, the mechanism of PND remains unclear, but there exists a tendency to believe that inflammation plays a significant role in PND. Alterations in the abundance of intestinal microbiota can increase the permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier and incite extraintestinal inflammatory responses. Metabolites from these microbiota can be absorbed by the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream, exerting influence upon the central nervous system (CNS). Lactobacillus (Lac), serving as an intestinal probiotic bacterium, possesses the capacity to modulate emotional behavior and cognitive functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel therapeutic carriers for targeted delivery to regulate physiology and pathogenesis. While the mechanism governing the primary function of Lac-EVs in the CNS remains uncertain. Therefore, we established an in vitro neuroinflammation model to induce PND and then treated the mice with Lac-EVs to observe the effect of these EVs on neuroinflammation, particularly on microglial (MG) polarization. Our research unveils that Lac-EVs reduced inflammation induced by LPS in microglia and the activation of related proteins, including the mRNA expression of M1 labeled protein (iNOS). Moreover, the mRNA expression of M2-labeled protein (Arg1) increased. In addition, flow cytometry revealed that the ratio of M1/M2 microglia also changed significantly. Therefore, Lac-EVs promoted the differentiation of M2 microglia by inducing the preferential expression of specific markers related to M2 macrophages and inflammation. In terms of inflammatory cytokine expression, Lac-EVs decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and increased IL-10 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Therefore, Lac-EVs induce the activation of M2 microglial cells without inducing cellular harm in vitro, and they demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. This finding suggested that it is an effective anti-inflammatory strategy for alleviating inflammation-driven PNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yubo Gao
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Fanning Xu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xinli Ni
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Minamida K, Taira T, Sasaki M, Higuchi O, Meng XY, Kamagata Y, Miwa K. Extracellular vesicles of Weizmannia coagulans lilac-01 reduced cell death of primary microglia and increased mitochondrial content in dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:333-343. [PMID: 38124666 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the properties of extracellular vesicles from the probiotic Weizmannia coagulans lilac-01 (Lilac-01EVs). The phospholipids in the Lilac-01EV membrane were phosphatidylglycerol and mitochondria-specific cardiolipin. We found that applying Lilac-01EVs to primary rat microglia in vitro resulted in a reduction in primary microglial cell death (P < .05). Lilac-01EVs, which contain cardiolipin and phosphatidylglycerol, may have the potential to inhibit cell death in primary microglia. The addition of Lilac-01EVs to senescent human dermal fibroblasts suggested that Lilac-01 EVs increase the mitochondrial content without affecting their membrane potential in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Minamida
- Section of Research and Development, Arterio Bio Co., Ltd, 3-519-11, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshio Taira
- Sapporo Division, Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd, 3-513-2, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Biodynamic Plant Institute Co., Ltd, 1-10-212, 1-Chome, Technopark, Shimo-nopporo, Atsubetsu-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ohki Higuchi
- Biodynamic Plant Institute Co., Ltd, 1-10-212, 1-Chome, Technopark, Shimo-nopporo, Atsubetsu-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xian-Ying Meng
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Miwa
- Section of Research and Development, Arterio Bio Co., Ltd, 3-519-11, Zenibako, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan
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Shi Y, Zhang C, Cao W, Li L, Liu K, Zhu H, Balcha F, Fang Y. Extracellular vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-H1 inhibit HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis of colon cancer. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:227-239. [PMID: 38270125 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: Extracellular vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-H1 have antiproliferative activity of colon cells, but the effect on glycolytic metabolism of cancer cell remains enigmatic. The authors investigated how Lacticaseibacillus paracasei extracellular vesicles (LpEVs) inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells by affecting tumor metabolism. Materials & methods: HCT116 cells were treated with LpEVs and then differentially expressed genes were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing, the sequencing results were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Results: LpEVs entered colon cancer cells and inhibited their growth. Transcriptome sequencing revealed differentially expressed genes were related to glycolysis. Lactate production, glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly reduced after treatment. LpEVs also reduced HIF-1α, GLUT1 and LDHA expression. Conclusion: LpEVs exert their antiproliferative activity of colon cancer cells by decreasing HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqian Shi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology, Beihua University, 132013 Jilin, China
| | - Chunliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Blood Centre,150056 Harbin, China
| | - Wanyu Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Luyi Li
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
| | - Fikadu Balcha
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Arsi University, POBX 193 Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, 150081 Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Immunity & Infection, Pathogenic Biology, 150081 Harbin, China
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Briaud P, Carroll RK. RNA Extraction from Gram-Positive Bacteria Membrane Vesicles Using a Polymer-Based Precipitation Method. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2741:3-10. [PMID: 38217645 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3565-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Investigations into the biological role and composition of bacterial extracellular vesicles have grown in popularity in recent years. Vesicles perform a variety of functions during interactions with eukaryotic host cells, ranging from antibiotic resistance to immune modulation. It is necessary to isolate vesicles in order to understand their biological functions. Here we describe a polymer-based precipitation method allowing high-yield isolation of extracellular vesicles and their cargo RNA from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Briaud
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Ronan K Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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35
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Melo-Marques I, Cardoso SM, Empadinhas N. Bacterial extracellular vesicles at the interface of gut microbiota and immunity. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2396494. [PMID: 39340209 PMCID: PMC11444517 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2396494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nano-sized lipid-shielded structures released by bacteria and that play an important role in intercellular communication. Their broad taxonomic origins and varying cargo compositions suggest their active participation in significant biological mechanisms. Specifically, they are involved in directly modulating microbial ecosystems, competing with other organisms, contributing to pathogenicity, and influencing the immunity of their hosts. This review examines the mechanisms that underlie the modulatory effects of BEVs on gut dynamics and immunity. Understanding how BEVs modulate microbiota composition and functional imbalances is crucial, as gut dysbiosis is implicated not only in the pathogenesis of various gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neurological diseases, but also in reducing resistance to colonization by enteric pathogens, which is particularly concerning given the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. This review summarizes recent advancements in the field of BEVs to encourage further research into these enigmatic entities. This will facilitate a better understanding of intra- and interkingdom communication phenomena and reveal promising therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Melo-Marques
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Olovo CV, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341670. [PMID: 38666762 PMCID: PMC11057571 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD. This review discusses the overview of MVs and their impact in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. We further discuss the technical challenges facing this research area and possible research questions addressing these challenges. We summarize recent advances in the diverse relationship between IBD and MVs, and the application of this knowledge as a viable and potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Li M, Mao B, Tang X, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Chen W, Cui S. Lactic acid bacteria derived extracellular vesicles: emerging bioactive nanoparticles in modulating host health. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2427311. [PMID: 39538968 PMCID: PMC11572086 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2427311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria derived extracellular vesicles (LAB-EVs) are nano-sized and carry a variety of biological cargoes. LAB-EVs have proven to be potential mediators of intercellular communication, serving not only the parental bacteria but also the host cell in both physiology and pathology. LAB-EVs are therapeutically beneficial in various diseases through a cell-free strategy. Particularly, EVs secreted from probiotics can exert health-promoting effects on humans. Additionally, the excitement around LAB-EVs has extended to their use as nano-sized drug carriers, since they can traverse biological barriers. Nevertheless, significant challenges in terms of isolation, characterization, and safety must be addressed to ensure the clinical application of LAB-EVs. Therefore, this review emphasizes the isolation and purification methods of LAB-EVs. We also introduce the biogenesis, cargo sorting, and functions of LAB-EVs. The biological regulatory factors of LAB-EVs are summarized and discussed. Special attention is given to the interaction between LAB-EVs and the host, their ability to maintain intestinal homeostasis, and the immunity and inflammation they induce in diverse diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the characterization of LAB-EV cargoes by advanced analytical methods such as proteomics. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of LAB-EVs as a means of diagnosis and treatment in clinical translation. In conclusion, this review scrutinizes current knowledge and provides guidelines for proposing new perspectives for future research in the field of LAB-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Maternal-Infant Microbiota and Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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38
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Xie J, Li Q, Nie S. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: An emerging postbiotic. Trends Food Sci Technol 2024; 143:104275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2025]
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39
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Lee KS, Kim Y, Lee JH, Shon S, Kim A, Pham AVQ, Kim C, Kim DH, Kim YK, Cho EG. Human Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Inflammatory Phenotypes in Human Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2789. [PMID: 38132109 PMCID: PMC10741892 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a probiotic, provide various health benefits. We recently isolated a new Lactobacillus paracasei strain with strong anti-inflammatory effects under lipopolysaccharide-induced conditions and proposed a new mode of action-augmenting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway for anti-inflammatory functions in host cells. The beneficial effects of the L. paracasei strains on the skin have been described; however, the effects of L. paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles (LpEVs) on the skin are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated whether LpEVs can improve inflammation-mediated skin phenotypes by determining their effects on primary human skin cells and a three-dimensional (3D) full-thickness human skin equivalent under tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-challenged inflammatory conditions. LpEVs were efficiently taken up by the human skin cells and were much less cytotoxic to host cells than bacterial lysates. Furthermore, low LpEV concentrations efficiently restored TNF-α-induced cellular phenotypes, resulting in increased cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, but decreased inflammatory factor levels (matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 8) in the human dermal fibroblasts, which was comparable to that of retinoic acid, a representative antiaging compound. The beneficial effects of LpEVs were validated in a 3D full-thickness human skin equivalent model. LpEV treatment remarkably restored the TNF-α-induced epidermal malformation, abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes in the basal layer, and reduction in dermal collagen synthesis. Additionally, LpEVs penetrated and reached the deepest dermal layer within 24 h when overlaid on top of a 3D full-thickness human skin equivalent. Furthermore, they possessed superior antioxidant capacity compared with the human cell-derived EVs. Taken together, the anti-inflammatory probiotic LpEVs can be attractive antiaging and antioxidant substances for improving inflammation-induced skin phenotypes and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Soo Lee
- H&B Science Center, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsik Kim
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Shon
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - An Vuong Quynh Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- H&B Science Center, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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40
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Pirolli NH, Reus LSC, Mamczarz Z, Khan S, Bentley WE, Jay SM. High performance anion exchange chromatography purification of probiotic bacterial extracellular vesicles enhances purity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3368-3380. [PMID: 37555379 PMCID: PMC10592193 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), including outer membrane vesicles, have emerged as a promising new class of vaccines and therapeutics to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, among other applications. However, clinical translation of BEVs is hindered by a current lack of scalable and efficient purification methods. Here, we address downstream BEV biomanufacturing limitations by developing a method for orthogonal size- and charge-based BEV enrichment using tangential flow filtration (TFF) in tandem with high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC). The data show that size-based separation coisolated protein contaminants, whereas size-based TFF with charged-based HPAEC dramatically improved purity of BEVs produced by probiotic Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Escherichia coli BEV purity was quantified using established biochemical markers while improved LAB BEV purity was assessed via observed potentiation of anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Overall, this work establishes orthogonal TFF + HPAEC as a scalable and efficient method for BEV purification that holds promise for future large-scale biomanufacturing of therapeutic BEV products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H. Pirolli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Laura Samantha C. Reus
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zuzanna Mamczarz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sulayman Khan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Steven M. Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Kwon H, Lee EH, Choi J, Park JY, Kim YK, Han PL. Extracellular Vesicles Released by Lactobacillus paracasei Mitigate Stress-induced Transcriptional Changes and Depression-like Behavior in Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:328-342. [PMID: 37927131 PMCID: PMC10628865 DOI: 10.5607/en23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various probiotic strains have been reported to affect emotional behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms by which specific probiotic strains change brain function are not clearly understood. Here, we report that extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpc-EV) have an ability to produce genome-wide changes against glucocorticoid (GC)-induced transcriptional responses in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. Genome-wide analysis using microarray assay followed by Rank-Rank Hypergeometric Overlap (RRHO) method leads to identify the top 20%-ranked 1,754 genes up- or down-regulated following GC treatment and their altered expressions are reversed by Lpc-EV in HT22 cells. Serial k-means clustering combined with Gene Ontology enrichment analyses indicate that the identified genes can be grouped into multiple functional clusters that contain functional modules of "responses to stress or steroid hormones", "histone modification", and "regulating MAPK signaling pathways". While all the selected genes respond to GC and Lpc-EV at certain levels, the present study focuses on the clusters that contain Mkp-1, Fkbp5, and Mecp2, the genes characterized to respond to GC and Lpc-EV in opposite directions in HT22 cells. A translational study indicates that the expression levels of Mkp-1, Fkbp5, and Mecp2 are changed in the hippocampus of mice exposed to chronic stress in the same directions as those following GC treatment in HT22 cells, whereas Lpc-EV treatment restored stress-induced changes of those factors, and alleviated stress-induced depressive-like behavior. These results suggest that Lpc-EV cargo contains bioactive components that directly induce genome-wide transcriptional responses against GC-induced transcriptional and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Juli Choi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | | | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Hou JJ, Li WW, Wang XL, Ma AH, Qin YH. Efficacy of extracellular vesicles as a cell-free therapy in colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1260134. [PMID: 37954844 PMCID: PMC10637393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1260134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate inflammation, immune responses, gut barrier integrity, and intestinal homeostasis. Recently, the application of EVs in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been under intensive focus. Some studies have been conducted in animal models of colitis, while systematic reviews and meta-analyses are lacking. The current study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the efficacy of EVs on IBD. Methods: A systematic retrieval of all studies in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library reported the effects of EVs in the colitis model up to 22 June 2023. The methodological quality was assessed based on SYRCLE's risk of bias (RoB) tool. Disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), histopathological score (HS), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) were extracted as analysis indicators by Web Plot Digitizer 4.5. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval using random-effect models by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Although the heterogeneity between studies and the potential publication bias limits confidence in the extent of the benefit, EV treatment was superior to the control in the colitis evaluation with reduced DAI, HS, MPO activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IL-6, while increasing the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis results supported the protective effect of EVs on colitis rodent models based on their potential role in IBD therapy and propelling the field toward clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Dai L, Deng H. Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 37875976 PMCID: PMC10594787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Stolzer I, Scherer E, Süß P, Rothhammer V, Winner B, Neurath MF, Günther C. Impact of Microbiome-Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14925. [PMID: 37834373 PMCID: PMC10573483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut-brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microbiota-gut-brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut-brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eveline Scherer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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45
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Emerging nanoplatforms for biomedical applications. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106308. [PMID: 37595812 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanosized lipid bilayers generated from membranes that are filled with components derived from bacteria. BEVs are important for the physiology, pathogenicity, and interactions between bacteria and their hosts as well. BEVs represent an important mechanism of transport and interaction between cells. Recent advances in biomolecular nanotechnology have enabled the desired properties to be engineered on the surface of BEVs and decoration with desired and diverse biomolecules and nanoparticles, which have potential biomedical applications. BEVs have been the focus of various fields, including nanovaccines, therapeutic agents, and drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we delineate the fundamental aspects of BEVs, including their biogenesis, cargo composition, function, and interactions with host cells. We comprehensively summarize the factors influencing the biogenesis of BEVs. We further highlight the importance of the isolation, purification, and characterization of BEVs because they are essential processes for potential benefits related to host-microbe interactions. In addition, we address recent advancements in BEVs in biomedical applications. Finally, we provide conclusions and future perspectives as well as highlight the remaining challenges of BEVs for different biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Rathinam Techzone Campus, Eachanari, Coimbatore, 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea.
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Kwon H, Lee EH, Park SY, Park JY, Hong JH, Kim EK, Shin TS, Kim YK, Han PL. Lactobacillus-derived extracellular vesicles counteract Aβ42-induced abnormal transcriptional changes through the upregulation of MeCP2 and Sirt1 and improve Aβ pathology in Tg-APP/PS1 mice. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2067-2082. [PMID: 37704750 PMCID: PMC10545704 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that probiotics are beneficial for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which specific probiotics modify AD pathophysiology are not clearly understood. In this study, we investigated whether Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles (Lpc-EV) can directly act on neuronal cells to modify amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced transcriptional changes and Aβ pathology in the brains of Tg-APP/PS1 mice. Lpc-EV treatment in HT22 neuronal cells counteracts Aβ-induced downregulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), Neurotrophin 3 (Nt3), Nt4/5, and TrkB receptor, and reverses Aβ-induced altered expression of diverse nuclear factors, including the downregulation of Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2) and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). Systematic siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments indicate that the upregulation of Bdnf, Nt3, Nt4/5, and TrkB by Lpc-EV is mediated via multiple epigenetic factors whose activation converges on Mecp2 and Sirt1. In addition, Lpc-EV reverses Aβ-induced downregulation of the Aβ-degrading proteases Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp-2), Mmp-9, and Neprilysin (Nep), whose upregulation is also controlled by MeCP2 and Sirt1. Lpc-EV treatment restores the downregulated expression of Bdnf, Nt4/5, TrkB, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and Nep; induces the upregulation of MeCP2 and Sirt1 in the hippocampus; alleviates Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain; and mitigates cognitive decline in Tg-APP/PS1 mice. These results suggest that Lpc-EV cargo contains a neuroactive component that upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors and Aβ-degrading proteases (Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and Nep) through the upregulation of MeCP2 and Sirt1, and ameliorates Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in Tg-APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- MD Healthcare Inc., Rm 1403 Woori Technology Bldg, World Cup Buk-Ro 56-Gil, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 03923, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seop Shin
- MD Healthcare Inc., Rm 1403 Woori Technology Bldg, World Cup Buk-Ro 56-Gil, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 03923, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- MD Healthcare Inc., Rm 1403 Woori Technology Bldg, World Cup Buk-Ro 56-Gil, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 03923, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pyung-Lim Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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47
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Liu J, Cai J, Fan P, Dong X, Zhang N, Tai J, Cao Y. Salidroside alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2023; 14:7506-7519. [PMID: 37504971 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis causes continuous progress of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, we aim to explore whether Salidroside (Sal), which is a major glycoside extracted from Rhodiola rosea L., could ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by modulating the microbiota. Results showed that oral treatment with 15 mg kg-1 of Sal inhibited DSS-induced colitis in mice as evidenced by colon length, histological analysis, disease activity index (DAI) score, and the proportion and number of macrophages in the intestine. The gut microbiota of colitic mice was also partly restored by Sal. A fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) study was designed to verify the causality. Compared with DSS-treated mice, FM from the Sal-treated donor mice significantly mitigated the symptoms of colitic mice, including reducing the DAI score, alleviating tissue damage, boosting the expression of mucin protein (mucin-2) and tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and decreasing M1 macrophages in the gut. It was found that both Sal and FMT affected the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota as reflected by the decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter, Alistipes, Romboutsia and the increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus at the genus level. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of Sal disappeared when the gut microbiota was depleted by antibiotics, demonstrating that Sal alleviated the intestinal inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Thus, Sal could be a remarkable candidate as a functional food for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapei Cai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiandong Tai
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
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48
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Guo M, Wu J, Hung W, Sun Z, Zhao W, Lan H, Zhao Z, Wuri G, Fang B, Zhao L, Zhang M. Lactobacillus paracasei ET-22 Suppresses Dental Caries by Regulating Microbiota of Dental Plaques and Inhibiting Biofilm Formation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3316. [PMID: 37571254 PMCID: PMC10421449 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common and multifactorial biofilm disease that is associated with dietary habits and microbiota. Among the various pathogens inducing caries, S. mutans is the most extensively studied. Promoting oral health with probiotics has gained considerable attention. Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) strains were reported to modulate the gut microbiota and enhance host resistance to disease. Our previous research has found that L. paracasei ET-22 (ET-22) could inhibit S. mutans biofilms in vitro. However, the preventive effect in vivo and functional mechanism of ET-22 on dental caries were unclear. In this study, the preventive effects of ET-22 on dental caries in mice were checked. Meanwhile, the functional mechanism of ET-22 was further investigated. Results showed that the supplementation of ET-22 in drinking water significantly improved the caries scoring of mice. The microbiota of dental plaques revealed that the live and heat-killed ET-22 similarly regulated the microbial structure in plaque biofilms. Functional prediction of PICRUSt showed that the addition of live and heat-killed ET-22 may inhibit biofilm formation. By the in vitro trials, the live and heat-killed ET-22 indeed inhibited the construction of S. mutans biofilms and EPS productions of biofilms. This evidence suggests that ET-22 can restrain dental caries by regulating the microbiota of dental plaques and inhibiting biofilm formation, which may be partly mediated by the body components of ET-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Guo
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China; (M.G.)
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China; (M.G.)
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guna Wuri
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China; (M.G.)
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100024, China; (M.G.)
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49
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Iyaswamy A, Lu K, Guan XJ, Kan Y, Su C, Liu J, Jaganathan R, Vasudevan K, Paul J, Thakur A, Li M. Impact and Advances in the Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Disease and Its Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2056. [PMID: 37509695 PMCID: PMC10377521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles (BEVs) possess the capability of intracellular interactions with other cells, and, hence, can be utilized as an efficient cargo for worldwide delivery of therapeutic substances such as monoclonal antibodies, proteins, plasmids, siRNA, and small molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). BEVs additionally possess a remarkable capacity for delivering these therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review summarizes the role and advancement of BEVs for NDs, AD, and their treatment. Additionally, it investigates the critical BEV networks in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, their defensive and offensive roles in NDs, and their interaction with NDs. Furthermore, the part of BEVs in the neuroimmune system and their interference with ND, as well as the risk factors made by BEVs in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and their potential outcomes on ND, are all discussed. To conclude, this review aims to gain a better understanding of the credentials of BEVs in NDs and possibly discover new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Kejia Lu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxuan Kan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengfu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia
| | | | - Jeyakumari Paul
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600005, India
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Huang C, Hao W, Wang X, Zhou R, Lin Q. Probiotics for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a review of experimental research from 2018 to 2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211271. [PMID: 37485519 PMCID: PMC10358780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence of the disease among children has been increasing. The pathogenesis of UC has not been elucidated, but dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is considered the main cause of chronic intestinal inflammation. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of probiotics on UC and the potential mechanisms involved. In animal studies, probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms of UC, including weight loss, diarrhea, blood in the stool, and a shortened colon length, while also restoring intestinal microecological homeostasis, improving gut barrier function, modulating the intestinal immune response, and attenuating intestinal inflammation, thereby providing theoretical support for the development of probiotic-based microbial products as an adjunctive therapy for UC. However, the efficacy of probiotics is influenced by factors such as the bacterial strain, dose, and form. Hence, the mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. Relevant clinical trials are currently lacking, so the extension of animal experimental findings to clinical application requires a longer period of consideration for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Huang
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wujuan Hao
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Renmin Zhou
- Department of Digestive, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
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