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Valladão SC, França AP, Pandolfo P, Dos Santos-Rodrigues A. Adenosinergic system and nucleoside transporters in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105771. [PMID: 38880409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heterogeneity that can affect individuals of any age. It is characterized by three main symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These neurobehavioral alterations and neurochemical and pharmacological findings are mainly attributed to unbalanced catecholaminergic signaling, especially involving dopaminergic pathways within prefrontal and striatal areas. Dopamine receptors and transporters are not solely implicated in this imbalance, as evidence indicates that the dopaminergic signaling is modulated by adenosine activity. To this extent, alterations in adenosinergic signaling are probably involved in ADHD. Here, we review the current knowledge about adenosine's role in the modulation of chemical, behavioral and cognitive parameters of ADHD, especially regarding dopaminergic signaling. Current literature usually links adenosine receptors signaling to the dopaminergic imbalance found in ADHD, but there is evidence that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) could also be implicated as players in dopaminergic signaling alterations seen in ADHD, since their involvement in other neurobehavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Corrêa Valladão
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Angela Patricia França
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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2
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Dalal S, Ramirez-Gomez J, Sharma B, Devara D, Kumar S. MicroRNAs and Synapse Turnover in Alzheimer's Disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102377. [PMID: 38871301 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Healthy synapses are the crucial for normal brain function, memory restoration and other neurophysiological function. Synapse loss and synaptic dysfunction are two primary events that occur during AD initiation. Synapse lifecycle and/or synapse turnover is divided into five key stages and several sub-stages such as synapse formation, synapse assembly, synapse maturation, synapse transmission and synapse termination. In normal state, the synapse turnover is regulated by various biological and molecular factors for a healthy neurotransmission. In AD, the different stages of synapse turnover are affected by AD-related toxic proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various neurological diseases, including AD. Deregulation of miRNAs modulate the synaptic proteins and affect the synapse turnover at different stages. In this review, we discussed the key milestones of synapse turnover and how they are affected in AD. Further, we discussed the involvement of miRNAs in synaptic turnover, focusing specifically on their role in AD pathogenesis. We also emphasized the regulatory mechanisms by which miRNAs modulate the synaptic turnover stages in AD. Current studies will help to understand the synaptic life-cycle and role of miRNAs in each stage that is deregulated in AD, further allowing for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Dalal
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Gomez
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Davin Devara
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedicael Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.
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3
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Nam MH, Na H, Justin Lee C, Yun M. A Key Mediator and Imaging Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Unlocking the Role of Reactive Astrogliosis Through MAOB. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 58:177-184. [PMID: 38932762 PMCID: PMC11196512 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-023-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes primarily maintain physiological brain homeostasis. However, under various pathological conditions, they can undergo morphological, transcriptomic, and functional transformations, collectively referred to as reactive astrogliosis. Recent studies have accumulated lines of evidence that reactive astrogliosis plays a crucial role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, monoamine oxidase B, a mitochondrial enzyme mainly expressed in astrocytes, significantly contributes to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration in AD brains. Moreover, it has been reported that reactive astrogliosis precedes other pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-beta plaque deposition and tau tangle formation in AD. Due to the early onset and profound impact of reactive astrocytes on pathology, there have been extensive efforts in the past decade to visualize these cells in the brains of AD patients using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In this review, we summarize the recent studies regarding the essential pathological importance of reactive astrocytes in AD and their application as a target for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesu Na
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Du K, Shi Q, Zhou X, Zhang L, Su H, Zhang C, Wei Z, Liu T, Wang L, Wang X, Cong B, Yun K. Melatonin attenuates fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114523. [PMID: 38492912 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized by the pineal gland to regulate the circadian rhythms and has proven to be effective in treating drug addiction and dependence. However, the effects of melatonin to modulate the drug-seeking behavior of fentanyl and its underlying molecular mechanism is elusive. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. The accompanying changes in the expression of Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like (BMAL1), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in relevant brain regions including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (Hip) were investigated by western blot assays to dissect the mechanism by which melatonin modulates fentanyl - induced behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders. The present study suggest that fentanyl (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) could induce behavioral sensitization and melatonin (30.0 mg/kg) could attenuate the behavioral sensitization and circadian rhythm disorders in mice. Fentanyl treatment reduced the expression of BMAL1 and MAO-A and increased that of TH in relevant brain regions. Furthermore, melatonin treatment could reverse the expression levels of BMAL1, MAO-A, and TH. In conclusion, our study demonstrate for the first time that melatonin has therapeutic potential for fentanyl addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Du
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianwen Shi
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Xiuya Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Lifei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongliang Su
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Bin Cong
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China; School of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Keming Yun
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi, 030600, China.
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5
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Jang J, Cho HU, Hwang S, Kwak Y, Kwon H, Heien ML, Bennet KE, Oh Y, Shin H, Lee KH, Jang DP. Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection. Analyst 2024; 149:3008-3016. [PMID: 38606455 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a widely used technique for detecting neurotransmitters. However, electrode fouling can negatively impact its accuracy and sensitivity. Fouling refers to the accumulation of unwanted materials on the electrode surface, which can alter its electrochemical properties and reduce its sensitivity and selectivity. Fouling mechanisms can be broad and may include biofouling, the accumulation of biomolecules on the electrode surface, and chemical fouling, the deposition of unwanted chemical species. Despite individual studies discussing fouling effects on either the working electrode or the reference electrode, no comprehensive study has been conducted to compare the overall fouling effects on both electrodes in the context of FSCV. Here, we examined the effects of biofouling and chemical fouling on the carbon fiber micro-electrode (CFME) as the working electrode and the Ag/AgCl reference electrode with FSCV. Both fouling mechanisms significantly decreased the sensitivity and caused peak voltage shifts in the FSCV signal with the CFME, but not with the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Interestingly, previous studies have reported peak voltage shifts in FSCV signals due to the fouling of Ag/AgCl electrodes after implantation in the brain. We noticed in a previous study that energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectra showed increased sulfide ion concentration after implantation. We hypothesized that sulfide ions may be responsible for the peak voltage shift. To test this hypothesis, we added sulfide ions to the buffer solution, which decreased the open circuit potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode and caused a peak voltage shift in the FSCV voltammograms. Also, EDS analysis showed that sulfide ion concentration increased on the surface of the Ag/AgCl electrodes after 3 weeks of chronic implantation, necessitating consideration of sulfide ions as the fouling agent for the reference electrodes. Overall, our study provides important insights into the mechanisms of electrode fouling and its impact on FSCV measurements. These findings could inform the design of FSCV experiments, with the development of new strategies for improving the accuracy and reliability of FSCV measurements in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Jang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-U Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael L Heien
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kevin E Bennet
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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6
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Chen G, Xu J, Ma S, Ji X, Carney JB, Wang C, Gao X, Chen P, Fan B, Chen J, Yue Y, James TD. Visual monitoring of biocatalytic processes using small molecular fluorescent probes: strategies-mechanisms-applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2716-2731. [PMID: 38353179 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of biocatalytic-based processes is significantly improved and simplified when they can be visualized. Visual monitoring can be achieved by integrating a fluorescent unit with the biocatalyst. Herein, we outline the design strategies of fluorescent probes for monitoring biocatalysis: (1) probes for monitoring biocatalytic transfer: γ-glutamine is linked to the fluorophore as both a recognition group and for intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) inhibition; the probe is initially in an off state and is activated via the transfer of the γ-glutamine group and the release of the free amino group, which results in restoration of the "Donor-π-Acceptor" (D-π-A) system and fluorescence recovery. (2) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic oxidation: a propylamine is connected to the fluorophore as a recognition group, which cages the hydroxyl group, leading to the inhibition of ICT; propylamine is oxidized and subsequently β-elimination occurs, resulting in exposure of the hydroxyl group and fluorescence recovery. (3) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic reduction: a nitro group attached to a fluorophore as a fluorescence quenching group, this is converted to an amino group by catalytic reduction, resulting in fluorescence recovery. (4) Probes for monitoring biocatalytic hydrolysis: β-D-galactopyranoside or phosphate acts as a recognition group attached to hydroxyl groups of the fluorophore; the subsequent biocatalytic hydrolysis reaction releases the hydroxyl group resulting in fluorescence recovery. Following these 4 mechanisms, fluorophores including cyanine, coumarin, rhodamine, and Nile-red, have been used to develop systems for monitoring biocatalytic reactions. We anticipate that these strategies will result in systems able to rapidly diagnose and facilitate the treatment of serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Siyue Ma
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinrui Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jared B Carney
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Chao Wang
- The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Baolei Fan
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, No. 88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning 437000, China.
| | - Ji Chen
- Jiangsu Simba Biological Medicine Co., Ltd. Gaogang Distrct Qidizhihui Park, Taizhou City, China
| | - Yanfeng Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Kunevičius A, Sadauskas M, Raudytė J, Meškys R, Burokas A. Unraveling the Dynamics of Host-Microbiota Indole Metabolism: An Investigation of Indole, Indolin-2-one, Isatin, and 3-Hydroxyindolin-2-one. Molecules 2024; 29:993. [PMID: 38474504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota produces a variety of bioactive molecules that facilitate host-microbiota interaction. Indole and its metabolites are focused as possible biomarkers for various diseases. However, data on indole metabolism and individual metabolites remain limited. Hence, we investigated the metabolism and distribution of indole, indolin-2-one, isatin, and 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one. First, we orally administered a high dose of indole into C57BL/6J mice and measured the concentrations of indole metabolites in the brain, liver, plasma, large and small intestines, and cecum at multiple time points using HPLC/MS. Absorption in 30 min and full metabolization in 6 h were established. Furthermore, indole, indolin-2-one, and 3-hydroxiindolin-2-one, but not isatin, were found in the brain. Second, we confirmed these findings by using stable isotope-carrying indole. Third, we identified 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one as an indole metabolite in vivo by utilizing a 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one-converting enzyme, IifA. Further, we confirmed the ability of orally administered 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one to cross the blood-brain barrier in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we detected upregulation of the CYP1A2 and CYP2A5 genes, confirming the importance of these cytochrome isoforms in indole metabolism in vivo. Overall, our results provide a basic characterization of indole metabolism in the host and highlight 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one as a potentially brain-affecting indole metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnas Kunevičius
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Sadauskas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julija Raudytė
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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8
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D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Maiuolo J, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Oliverio M, De Vendittis E, Masullo M, Arcone R. Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives of Donepezil on the Activity of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Oxidative Damage. Molecules 2024; 29:548. [PMID: 38276626 PMCID: PMC10819651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors represent useful multi-target drugs for the prevention, attenuation, and treatment of oxidative damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Chimeric molecules, constituted by naturally derived compounds linked to drugs, represent lead compounds to be explored for the discovery of new synthetic drugs acting as enzyme inhibitors. We have previously reported that seven hydroxytyrosol-donepezil hybrid compounds play a protective role in an in vitro neuronal cell model of Alzheimer's disease. In this work, we analyzed the effects exerted by the hybrid compounds on the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and B (MAO-B), as well as on xanthine oxidase (XO), enzymes involved in both neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress. The results pointed to the identification, among the compounds tested, of selective inhibitors between the two classes of enzymes. While the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- (HT3) and the 4-hydroxyphenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate- donepezil derivatives (HT4) represented the best inhibitors of MAO-A, with a scarce effect on MAO-B, they were almost ineffective on XO. On the other hand, the 4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitrophenethyl 1-benzylpiperidine-4-carboxylate donepezil derivative (HT2), the least efficient MAO inhibitor, acted like the best XO inhibitor. Therefore, the differential enzymatic targets identified among the hybrid compounds synthesized enhance the possible applications of these polyphenol-donepezil hybrids in neurodegenerative disorders and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- Institute for the Animal Production Systems in the Mediterranean Environment, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Emmanuele De Vendittis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosaria Arcone
- Department of Medical, Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (A.D.); (R.N.); (R.A.)
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9
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Choudhary D, Kaur R, Singh TG, Kumar B. Pyrazoline Derivatives as Promising MAO-A Targeting Antidepressants: An Update. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:401-415. [PMID: 38318823 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266280249240126052505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the key conditions addressed by the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) of WHO that can lead to self-harm and suicide. Depression is associated with low levels of neurotransmitters, which eventually play a key role in the progression and development of mental illness. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds exhibit the most prominent pharmacological profile as antidepressants. Pyrazoline, a dihydro derivative of pyrazole, is a well-known five-membered heterocyclic moiety that exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities. Many researchers have reported pyrazoline scaffold-containing molecules as potential antidepressant agents with selectivity for monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) isoforms. Several studies indicated a better affinity of pyrazoline-based moiety as (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) MAOIs. In this review, we have focused on the recent advancements (2019-2023) in the development of pyrazoline-containing derivatives exhibiting promising inhibition of MAO-A enzyme to treat depression. This review provides structural insights on pyrazoline-based molecules along with their SAR analysis, in silico exploration of binding interactions between pyrazoline derivatives and MAO-A enzyme, and clinical trial status of various drug molecules against depression. The in-silico exploration of potent pyrazoline derivatives at the active site of the MAOA enzyme will provide further insights into the development of new potential MAO-A inhibitors for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | | | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttrakhand, India
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10
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. The Neuroanatomical Basis of the 5-HT Syndrome and Harmalineinduced Tremor. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:163-172. [PMID: 37403385 DOI: 10.2174/2772432819666230703095203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The 5-HT syndrome in rats is composed of head weaving, body shaking, forepaw treading, flat body posture, hindlimb abduction, and Straub tail. The importance of the brainstem and spinal cord for the syndrome is underlined by findings of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)-induced denervation supersensitivity in response to 5-HT-stimulant drugs. For head weaving and Straub tail, supersensitivity occurred when the neurotoxin was injected into the cisterna magna or spinal cord, for forepaw treading in cisterna magna, and for hindlimb abduction in the spinal cord. Although 5,7- DHT-related body shaking increased in the spinal cord, the sign decreased when injected into the striatum, indicating the modulatory influence of the basal ganglia. Further details on body shaking are provided by its reduced response to harmaline after 5-HT depletion caused by intraventricular 5,7-DHT, electrolytic lesions of the medial or dorsal raphe, and lesions of the inferior olive caused by systemic injection of 3-acetylpyridine along with those found in Agtpbp1pcd or nr cerebellar mouse mutants. Yet the influence of the climbing fiber pathway on other signs of the 5-HT syndrome remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les- Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- University of Lorraine, Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), Medical School, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les- Nancy, France
- Dépt Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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11
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Moon HS, Mahzarnia A, Stout J, Anderson RJ, Strain M, Tremblay JT, Han ZY, Niculescu A, MacFarlane A, King J, Ashley-Koch A, Clark D, Lutz MW, Badea A. Multivariate investigation of aging in mouse models expressing the Alzheimer's protective APOE2 allele: integrating cognitive metrics, brain imaging, and blood transcriptomics. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:231-249. [PMID: 38091051 PMCID: PMC11082910 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
APOE allelic variation is critical in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The APOE2 allele associated with cognitive resilience and neuroprotection against AD remains understudied. We employed a multipronged approach to characterize the transition from middle to old age in mice with APOE2 allele, using behavioral assessments, image-derived morphometry and diffusion metrics, structural connectomics, and blood transcriptomics. We used sparse multiple canonical correlation analyses (SMCCA) for integrative modeling, and graph neural network predictions. Our results revealed brain sub-networks associated with biological traits, cognitive markers, and gene expression. The cingulate cortex emerged as a critical region, demonstrating age-associated atrophy and diffusion changes, with higher fractional anisotropy in males and middle-aged subjects. Somatosensory and olfactory regions were consistently highlighted, indicating age-related atrophy and sex differences. The hippocampus exhibited significant volumetric changes with age, with differences between males and females in CA3 and CA1 regions. SMCCA underscored changes in the cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortex, olfactory regions, and hippocampus in relation to cognition and blood-based gene expression. Our integrative modeling in aging APOE2 carriers revealed a central role for changes in gene pathways involved in localization and the negative regulation of cellular processes. Our results support an important role of the immune system and response to stress. This integrative approach offers novel insights into the complex interplay among brain connectivity, aging, and sex. Our study provides a foundation for understanding the impact of APOE2 allele on brain aging, the potential for detecting associated changes in blood markers, and revealing novel therapeutic intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sol Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ali Mahzarnia
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jacques Stout
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Anderson
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica T Tremblay
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zay Yar Han
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrei Niculescu
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna MacFarlane
- Department of Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jasmine King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darin Clark
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Badea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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12
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Jannat K, Balakrishnan R, Han JH, Yu YJ, Kim GW, Choi DK. The Neuropharmacological Evaluation of Seaweed: A Potential Therapeutic Source. Cells 2023; 12:2652. [PMID: 37998387 PMCID: PMC10670678 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are the seventh leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Clinical observations of NDD patients are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the brain along with memory decline. The common pathological hallmarks of NDDs include oxidative stress, the dysregulation of calcium, protein aggregation, a defective protein clearance system, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and damage to cholinergic neurons. Therefore, managing this pathology requires screening drugs with different pathological targets, and suitable drugs for slowing the progression or prevention of NDDs remain to be discovered. Among the pharmacological strategies used to manage NDDs, natural drugs represent a promising therapeutic strategy. This review discusses the neuroprotective potential of seaweed and its bioactive compounds, and safety issues, which may provide several beneficial insights that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Hyuk Han
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ye-Ji Yu
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Ga-Won Kim
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea; (K.J.); (J.-H.H.); (Y.-J.Y.); (G.-W.K.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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14
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Tian J, Du E, Guo L. Mitochondrial Interaction with Serotonin in Neurobiology and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1165-1177. [PMID: 38025801 PMCID: PMC10657725 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe brain pathologies and progressive cognitive decline. While the exact cause of this disease remains unknown, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neurotransmitters contributes to the development of AD pathology and symptoms. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a pivotal role in regulating various brain processes and is implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. Recent studies have shed light on the interplay between mitochondrial function and serotonin regulation in brain physiology. In AD, there is a deficiency of serotonin, along with impairments in mitochondrial function, particularly in serotoninergic neurons. Additionally, altered activity of mitochondrial enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase, may contribute to serotonin dysregulation in AD. Understanding the intricate relationship between mitochondria and serotonin provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and identifies potential therapeutic targets to restore serotonin homeostasis and alleviate AD symptoms. This review summarizes the recent advancements in unraveling the connection between brain mitochondria and serotonin, emphasizing their significance in AD pathogenesis and underscoring the importance of further research in this area. Elucidating the role of mitochondria in serotonin dysfunction will promote the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Blue Valley West High School, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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15
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Kwak Y, Lim S, Cho HU, Sim J, Lee S, Jeong S, Jeon SJ, Im CH, Jang DP. Effect of temporal interference electrical stimulation on phasic dopamine release in the striatum. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1377-1383. [PMID: 37716638 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a neuromodulation technique that could stimulate deep brain regions by inducing interfering electrical signals based on high-frequency electrical stimulations of multiple electrode pairs from outside the brain. Despite numerous TIS studies, however, there has been limited investigation into the neurochemical effects of TIS. OBJECTIVE We performed two experiments to investigate the effect of TIS on the medial forebrain bundle (MFB)-evoked phasic dopamine (DA) response. METHODS In the first experiment, we applied TIS next to a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFM) to examine the modulation of the MFB-evoked phasic DA response in the striatum (STr). Beat frequencies and intensities of TIS were 0, 2, 6, 10, 20, 60, 130 Hz and 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 μA. In the second experiment, we examined the effect of TIS with a 2 Hz beat frequency (based on the first experiment) on MFB-evoked phasic DA release when applied above the cortex (with a simulation-based stimulation site targeting the striatum). We employed 0 Hz and 2 Hz beat frequencies and a control condition without stimulation. RESULTS In the first experiment, TIS with a beat frequency of 2 Hz and an intensity of 400 μA or greater decreased MFB-evoked phasic DA release by roughly 40%, which continued until the experiment's end. In contrast, TIS at beat frequencies other than 2 Hz and intensities less than 400 μA did not affect MFB-evoked phasic DA release. In the second experiment, TIS with a 2 Hz beat frequency decreased only the MFB-evoked phasic DA response, but the reduction in DA release was not sustained. CONCLUSIONS STr-applied and cortex-applied TIS with delta frequency dampens evoked phasic DA release in the STr. These findings demonstrate that TIS could influence the neurochemical modulation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjong Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokbeen Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-U Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Sim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Suhyeon Jeong
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ji X, Walczak P, van Beusekom HM, Casas AI, Clarkson A, Farr T, Jolkkonen J, Liang Y, Modo MM, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Ruscher K, Wang YJ, Wu H, Zille M, Li S, Boltze J. Join us on an amazing journey towards next-generation treatments for CNS disorders: Launch of Neuroprotection, a new high-quality journal in translational neuroscience. NEUROPROTECTION 2023; 1:5-8. [PMID: 37701815 PMCID: PMC10494522 DOI: 10.1002/nep3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heleen M.M. van Beusekom
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana I. Casas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Department of Neurology, University Clinics Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrew Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Center and Brain Research New Zealand, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tracy Farr
- Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yajie Liang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel M. Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paulo H. Rosado-de-Castro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shen Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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17
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Arcone R, D’Errico A, Nasso R, Rullo R, Poli A, Di Donato P, Masullo M. Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Neurodegenerative Disorders and A β1-40 Aggregation by Citrus limon Peel Polyphenol Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:6332. [PMID: 37687161 PMCID: PMC10489013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are multifactorial neurogenerative disorders of the Central Nervous System causing severe cognitive and motor deficits in elderly people. Because treatment of AD and PD by synthetic drugs alleviates the symptoms often inducing side effects, many studies have aimed to find neuroprotective properties of diet polyphenols, compounds known to act on different cell signaling pathways. In this article, we analyzed the effect of polyphenols obtained from the agro-food industry waste of Citrus limon peel (LPE) on key enzymes of cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmission, such as butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO)-A/B, on Aβ1-40 aggregation and on superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1/2 that affect oxidative stress. In our in vitro assays, LPE acts as an enzyme inhibitor on BuChE (IC50 ~ 73 µM), MAO-A/B (IC50 ~ 80 µM), SOD 1/2 (IC50 ~ 10-20 µM) and interferes with Aβ1-40 peptide aggregation (IC50 ~ 170 µM). These results demonstrate that LPE behaves as a multitargeting agent against key factors of AD and PD by inhibiting to various extents BuChE, MAOs, and SODs and reducing Aβ-fibril aggregation. Therefore, LPE is a promising candidate for the prevention and management of AD and PD symptoms in combination with pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arcone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Antonio D’Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosario Rullo
- ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Annarita Poli
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- ICB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.P.); (P.D.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Via Medina, 40, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (R.A.); (A.D.); (R.N.)
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Zhang W, Chen H, Ding L, Huang J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ma R, Zheng S, Gong J, Piña‐Crespo JC, Zhang Y. Microglial targeted therapy relieves cognitive impairment caused by Cntnap4 deficiency. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220160. [PMID: 37933376 PMCID: PMC10624376 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4) is critical for GABAergic transmission in the brain. Impaired Cntnap4 function is implicated in neurological disorders, such as autism; however, the role of Cntnap4 on memory processing is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that hippocampal Cntnap4 deficiency in female mice manifests as impaired cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. The underlying mechanisms may involve effects on the pro-inflammatory response resulting in dysfunctional GABAergic transmission and activated tryptophan metabolism. To efficiently and accurately inhibit the pro-inflammatory reaction, we established a biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy to deliver FDA-approved PLX3397 (termed MNPs@PLX). We show MNPs@PLX successfully penetrates the blood brain barrier and facilitates microglial-targeted delivery of PLX3397. Furthermore, MNPs@PLX attenuates cognitive decline, dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory response in female heterozygous Cntnap4 knockout mice. Together, our findings show loss of Cntnap4 causes pro-inflammatory cognitive decline that is effectively prevented by supplementation with microglia-specific inhibitors; thus validating the targeting of microglial function as a therapeutic intervention in neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyCenter for Biotechnology and BiomedicineState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsState Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Runfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan C. Piña‐Crespo
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging ResearchSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
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19
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Cheng X, Lowin T, Honke N, Pongratz G. Components of the sympathetic nervous system as targets to modulate inflammation - rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts as neuron-like cells? J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 36918850 PMCID: PMC10015726 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamines are major neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and they are of pivotal importance in regulating numerous physiological and pathological processes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by the activity of the SNS and its neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) and early sympathectomy alleviates experimental arthritis in mice. In contrast, late sympathectomy aggravates RA, since this procedure eliminates anti-inflammatory, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells that appear in the course of RA. While it has been shown that B cells can take up, degrade and synthesize catecholamines it is still unclear whether this also applies to synovial fibroblasts, a mesenchymal cell that is actively engaged in propagating inflammation and cartilage destruction in RA. Therefore, this study aims to present a detailed description of the catecholamine pathway and its influence on human RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). RESULTS RASFs express all catecholamine-related targets including the synthesizing enzymes TH, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Furthermore, vesicular monoamine transporters 1/2 (VMAT1/2), dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) were detected. RASFs are also able to degrade catecholamines as they express monoaminoxidase A and B (MAO-A/MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). TNF upregulated VMAT2, MAO-B and NET levels in RASFs. DA, NE and epinephrine (EPI) were produced by RASFs and extracellular levels were augmented by either MAO, COMT, VMAT or DAT/NET inhibition but also by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulation. While exogenous DA decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and cell viability at the highest concentration (100 μM), NE above 1 μM increased IL-6 levels with a concomitant decrease in cell viability. MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition had differential effects on unstimulated and TNF treated RASFs. The MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline fostered IL-6 production in unstimulated but not TNF stimulated RASFs (10 nM-1 μM) while reducing IL-6 at 100 μM with a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability in both groups. The MAO-B inhibitor lazabemide hydrochloride did only modestly decrease cell viability at 100 μM while enhancing IL-6 production in unstimulated RASFs and decreasing IL-6 in TNF stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS RASFs possess a complete and functional catecholamine machinery whose function is altered under inflammatory conditions. Results from this study shed further light on the involvement of sympathetic neurotransmitters in RA pathology and might open therapeutic avenues to counteract inflammation with the MAO enzymes being key candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Cheng
- Clinic for Rheumatology & Hiller Research Center, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Torsten Lowin
- Clinic for Rheumatology & Hiller Research Center, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nadine Honke
- Clinic for Rheumatology & Hiller Research Center, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Pongratz
- Clinic for Rheumatology & Hiller Research Center, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Center for Rheumatologic Rehabilitation, Asklepios Hospital Bad Abbach, Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany. .,Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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20
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Olejniczak I, Begemann K, Wilhelm I, Oster H. The circadian neurobiology of reward. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13928. [PMID: 36625310 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are important regulators of physiology and behavior. In the brain, circadian clocks have been described in many centers of the central reward system. They affect neurotransmitter signaling, neuroendocrine circuits, and the sensitivity to external stimulation. Circadian disruption affects reward signaling, promoting the development of behavioral and substance use disorders. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of circadian clock-reward crosstalk. We show how chronodisruption affects reward signaling in different animal models. We then translate these findings to circadian aspects of human reward (dys-) function and its clinical implications. Finally, we devise approaches to and challenges in implementing the concepts of circadian medicine in the therapy of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Olejniczak
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Wilhelm
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Translational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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21
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Raval NR, Wetherill RR, Wiers CE, Dubroff JG, Hillmer AT. Positron Emission Tomography of Neuroimmune Responses in Humans: Insights and Intricacies. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:213-229. [PMID: 36270830 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The brain's immune system plays a critical role in responding to immune challenges and maintaining homeostasis. However, dysregulated neuroimmune function contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neuropsychiatric conditions. In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the neuroimmune system has facilitated a greater understanding of its physiology and the pathology of some neuropsychiatric conditions. This review presents an in-depth look at PET findings from human neuroimmune function studies, highlighting their importance in current neuropsychiatric research. Although the majority of human PET studies feature radiotracers targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), this review also considers studies with other neuroimmune targets, including monoamine oxidase B, cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide synthase, and the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Promising new targets, such as colony-stimulating factor 1, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, and the purinergic P2Y12 receptor, are also discussed. The significance of validating neuroimmune targets and understanding their function and expression is emphasized in this review to better identify and interpret PET results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul R Raval
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Reagan R Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
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22
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Santana Maldonado CM, Kim DS, Purnell B, Li R, Buchanan GF, Smith J, Thedens DR, Gauger P, Rumbeiha WK. Acute hydrogen sulfide-induced neurochemical and morphological changes in the brainstem. Toxicology 2023; 485:153424. [PMID: 36610655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxin affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Acute H2S exposure is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. The precise pathophysiology of H2S-induced death is a controversial topic; however, inhibition of the respiratory center in the brainstem is commonly cited as a cause of death. There is a knowledge gap on toxicity and toxic mechanisms of acute H2S poisoning on the brainstem, a brain region responsible for regulating many reflective and vital functions. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play a role in maintaining a normal stable respiratory rhythmicity. We hypothesized that the inhibitory respiratory effects of H2S poisoning are mediated by 5-HT in the respiratory center of the brainstem. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed once to an LCt50 concentration of H2S (1000 ppm). Batches of surviving mice were euthanized at 5 min, 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, and on day 7 post-exposure. Pulmonary function, vigilance state, and mortality were monitored during exposure. The brainstem was analyzed for DA, 3,4-dehydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC), 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleatic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE), GABA, glutamate, and glycine using HPLC. Enzymatic activities of monoamine oxidases (MAO) were also measured in the brainstem using commercial kits. Neurodegeneration was assessed using immunohistochemistry and magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed that DA and DOPAC were significantly increased at 5 min post H2S exposure. However, by 2 h DA returned to normal. Activities of MAO were significantly increased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. In contrast, NE was significantly decreased at 5 min and 2 h post-exposure. Glutamate was overly sensitive to H2S-induced toxicity manifesting a time-dependent concentration reduction throughout the 7 day duration of the study. Remarkably, there were no changes in 5-HT, 5-HIAA, glycine, or GABA concentrations. Cytochrome c oxidase activity was inhibited but recovered by 24 h. Neurodegeneration was observed starting at 72 h post H2S exposure in select brainstem regions. We conclude that acute H2S exposure causes differential effects on brainstem neurotransmitters. H2S also induces neurodegeneration and biochemical changes in the brainstem. Additional work is needed to fully understand the implications of both the short- and long-term effects of acute H2S poisoning on vital functions regulated by the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Santana Maldonado
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Dong-Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Benton Purnell
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Gordon F Buchanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jodi Smith
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Daniel R Thedens
- Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic Production and Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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23
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D'Acunzo P, Ungania JM, Kim Y, Barreto BR, DeRosa S, Pawlik M, Canals‐Baker S, Erdjument‐Bromage H, Hashim A, Goulbourne CN, Neubert TA, Saito M, Sershen H, Levy E. Cocaine perturbs mitovesicle biology in the brain. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12301. [PMID: 36691887 PMCID: PMC9871795 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine, an addictive psychostimulant, has a broad mechanism of action, including the induction of a wide range of alterations in brain metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis. Our group recently identified a subpopulation of non-microvesicular, non-exosomal extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin (mitovesicles) and developed a method to isolate mitovesicles from brain parenchyma. We hypothesised that the generation and secretion of mitovesicles is affected by mitochondrial abnormalities induced by chronic cocaine exposure. Mitovesicles from the brain extracellular space of cocaine-administered mice were enlarged and more numerous when compared to controls, supporting a model in which mitovesicle biogenesis is enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial alterations. This interrelationship was confirmed in vitro. Moreover, cocaine affected mitovesicle protein composition, causing a functional alteration in mitovesicle ATP production capacity. These data suggest that mitovesicles are previously unidentified players in the biology of cocaine addiction and that target therapies to fine-tune brain mitovesicle functionality may be beneficial to mitigate the effects of chronic cocaine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale D'Acunzo
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Ungania
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bryana R. Barreto
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Steven DeRosa
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Monika Pawlik
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Stefanie Canals‐Baker
- Division of NeurochemistryNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Hediye Erdjument‐Bromage
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Audrey Hashim
- Division of NeurochemistryNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Chris N. Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Thomas A. Neubert
- Department of Cell BiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of NeurochemistryNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Henry Sershen
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of NeurochemistryNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Center for Dementia ResearchNathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Department of PsychiatryNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular PharmacologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- NYU Neuroscience InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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24
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8- Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligands for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2152-2175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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25
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Mukherjee J, Ladwa RM, Liang C, Syed AU. Elevated Monoamine Oxidase-A in Anterior Cingulate of Post-Mortem Human Parkinson's Disease: A Potential Surrogate Biomarker for Lewy Bodies? Cells 2022; 11:cells11244000. [PMID: 36552764 PMCID: PMC9777299 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LB) play a neuropathological role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our goal was to evaluate LB using anti-ubiquitin immunohistochemistry (UIHC) and find correlations with monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) using imaging agent, [18F]FAZIN3. Human post-mortem anterior cingulate (AC) and corpus callosum (CC) from control subjects (CN), n = 6; age 81-90 LB = 0 and PD, n = 6, age 77-89, LB = III-IV were sectioned (10 μm slices). Brain slices were immunostained with anti-ubiquitin for LB (UIHC) and analyzed using QuPath for percent anti-ubiquitin per unit area (μm2). Adjacent brain slices were incubated with [18F]FAZIN3 and cortical layers I-III, IV-VI and CC (white matter) regions were quantified for the binding of [18F]FAZIN3. UIHC was correlated with [18F]FAZIN3 binding. All PD brains were positively UIHC stained and confirmed presence of LB. Outer cortical layers (I-III) of PD AC had 21% UIHC while inner layers (IV-VI) had >75% UIHC. In the CN brains LB were absent (<1% UIHC). Increased [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in AC was observed in all PD subjects. [18F]FAZIN3 ratio in PD was AC/CC = 3.57 while in CN subjects it was AC/CC = 2.24. Increases in UIHC μm2 correlated with [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in DLU/mm2. Increased [18F]FAZIN3 binding to MAO-A in PD is a potential novel "hot spot" PET imaging approach.
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26
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Kim S, Kwon J, Park MG, Lee CJ. Dopamine-induced astrocytic Ca 2+ signaling in mPFC is mediated by MAO-B in young mice, but by dopamine receptors in adult mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:90. [PMID: 36397051 PMCID: PMC9670619 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a vital role in brain physiology and pathology such as learning and memory, motor control, neurological diseases, and psychiatric diseases. In neurons, it has been well established that DA increases or decreases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) through D1-like or D2-like dopamine receptors, respectively. In contrast, it has been elusive how astrocytes respond to DA via Ca2+ signaling and regulate synaptic transmission and reward systems. Previous studies suggest various molecular targets such as MAO-B, D1R, or D1R-D2R heteromer to modulate astrocytic Ca2+ signaling. However, which molecular target is utilized under what physiological condition remains unclear. Here, we show that DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling pathway switches during development: MAO-B is the major player at a young age (5-6 weeks), whereas DA receptors (DARs) are responsible for the adult period (8-12 weeks). DA-mediated Ca2+ response in the adult period was decreased by either D1R or D2R blockers, which are primarily known for cyclic AMP signaling (Gs and Gi pathway, respectively), suggesting that this Ca2+ response might be mediated through Gq pathway by D1R-D2R heterodimer. Moreover, DAR-mediated Ca2+ response was not blocked by TTX, implying that this response is not a secondary response caused by neuronal activation. Our study proposes an age-specific molecular target of DA-induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling: MAO-B in young mice and DAR in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunpil Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Gordon Park
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Cognition and Sociality, Cognitive Glioscience Group, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 55 Expo-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
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27
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Burnett PJM, Willems MET. Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Sequential Performance Testing in Male Rugby Union Players. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10100152. [PMID: 36287765 PMCID: PMC9607097 DOI: 10.3390/sports10100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on performance effects by New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract used mainly a single exercise task. We examined the effects of NZBC extract in a battery of rugby union–specific tests including speed, agility and strength testing. University male rugby union players (n = 13, age: 21 ± 2 years, height: 182 ± 6 cm, body mass: 87 ± 13 kg) completed two full familiarisations and two experimental visits in an indoor facility. The study had a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover design. For the experimental visits, participants consumed NZBC extract (210 mg/day of anthocyanins for 7 days) or placebo with a 7-day wash-out. Testing order was the running-based anaerobic sprint test, the Illinois agility test, seated medicine ball (3 kg) throw, and handgrip strength. With NZBC extract, there may have been an effect for average sprint time to be faster by 1.7% (placebo: 5.947 ± 0.538 s, NZBC extract: 5.846 ± 0.571 s, d = −0.18 (trivial), p = 0.06). However, with NZBC extract there may have been reduced slowing of sprint 2 (d = −0.59 (moderate), p = 0.06) and reduced slowing for sprint 6 (d = −0.56 (moderate), p = 0.03). In the Illinois agility test, there may have also been an effect for the mean time to be faster by 1.6% (placebo: 18.46 ± 1.44 s, NZBC extract: 18.15 ± 1.22 s, d = −0.24 (small), p = 0.07). The correlation between the %change in average sprint time and %change in mean agility time was not significant (Pearson R2 = 0.0698, p = 0.383). There were no differences for the seated medicine ball throw distance (p = 0.106) and handgrip strength (p = 0.709). Intake of NZBC extract in rugby union players seems to improve tasks that require maximal speed and agility but not muscle strength. NZBC blackcurrant extract may be able to enhance exercise performance in team sports that require repeated movements with high intensity and horizontal change of body position without affecting muscle strength.
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28
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Castro-Zavala A, Alegre-Zurano L, Cantacorps L, Gallego-Landin I, Welz PS, Benitah SA, Valverde O. Bmal1-knockout mice exhibit reduced cocaine-seeking behaviour and cognitive impairments. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113333. [PMID: 35779420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and Muscle Arnt-like Protein 1 (BMAL1) is an essential component of the molecular clock underlying circadian rhythmicity. Its function has been recently associated with mood and reward processing alterations. We investigated the behavioural and neurobiological impact of Bmal1 gene deletion in mice, and how this could affect rewarding effects of cocaine. Additionally, key clock genes and components of the dopamine system were assessed in several brain areas. Our results evidence behavioural alterations in Bmal1-KO mice, including changes in locomotor activity with impaired habituation to environments, short-term memory and social recognition impairments. In addition, Bmal1-KO mice experienced reduced cocaine-induced sensitisation and rewarding effects of cocaine as well as reduced cocaine-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, Bmal1 deletion influenced the expression of other clock-related genes in the mPFC and striatum, as well as alterations in the expression of dopaminergic elements. Overall, the present article offers a novel and extensive characterisation of Bmal1-KO animals. We suggest that reduced cocaine's rewarding effects in these mutant mice might be related to Bmal1 role as an expression regulator of MAO and TH, two essential enzymes involved in dopamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alegre-Zurano
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Gallego-Landin
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick-S Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador A Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Brown-Leung JM, Cannon JR. Neurotransmission Targets of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Neurotoxicity: Mechanisms and Potential Implications for Adverse Neurological Outcomes. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1312-1333. [PMID: 35921496 PMCID: PMC10446502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of persistent environmental pollutants that are ubiquitously found in the environment and virtually in all living organisms, including humans. PFAS cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. Thus, PFAS are a likely risk for neurotoxicity. Studies that measured PFAS levels in the brains of humans, polar bears, and rats have demonstrated that some areas of the brain accumulate greater amounts of PFAS. Moreover, in humans, there is evidence that PFAS exposure is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and an increased cause of death from Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease in elderly populations. Given possible links to neurological disease, critical analyses of possible mechanisms of neurotoxic action are necessary to advance the field. This paper critically reviews studies that investigated potential mechanistic causes for neurotoxicity including (1) a change in neurotransmitter levels, (2) dysfunction of synaptic calcium homeostasis, and (3) alteration of synaptic and neuronal protein expression and function. We found growing evidence that PFAS exposure causes neurotoxicity through the disruption of neurotransmission, particularly the dopamine and glutamate systems, which are implicated in age-related psychiatric illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases. Evaluated research has shown there are highly reproduced increased glutamate levels in the hippocampus and catecholamine levels in the hypothalamus and decreased dopamine in the whole brain after PFAS exposure. There are significant gaps in the literature relative to the assessment of the nigrostriatal system (striatum and ventral midbrain) among other regions associated with PFAS-associated neurologic dysfunction observed in humans. In conclusion, evidence suggests that PFAS may be neurotoxic and associated with chronic and age-related psychiatric illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, it is imperative that future mechanistic studies assess the impact of PFAS and PFAS mixtures on the mechanism of neurotransmission and the consequential functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Brown-Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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30
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Gu X, Zhang G, Wang Q, Song J, Li Y, Xia C, Zhang T, Yang L, Sun J, Zhou M. Integrated network pharmacology and hepatic metabolomics to reveal the mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus against major depressive disorder. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900637. [PMID: 35990602 PMCID: PMC9389016 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms (ASH) is a traditional herbal medicine widely known for its antifatigue and antistress effects, as well as tonifying qi, invigorating spleen and kidney, and tranquilizing the mind. Recent evidence suggests that ASH has a therapeutic effect on major depressive disorder (MDD), but its mechanism is still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of ASH on MDD and potential therapeutic mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The chemical compound potential target network was predicted based on network pharmacology. Simultaneously, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model mice were orally administrated ASH with three dosages (400, 200, and 100 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, and hepatic metabolomics based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was carried out to identify differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways. Next, the integrated analysis of metabolomics and network pharmacology was applied to find the key target. Finally, molecular docking technology was employed to define the combination of the key target and the corresponding compounds. Results: A total of 13 metabolites and four related metabolic pathways were found in metabolomics analysis. From the combined analysis of network pharmacology and metabolomics, six targets (DAO, MAOA, MAOB, GAA, HK1, and PYGM) are the overlapping targets and two metabolic pathways (glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism) are the most related pathways. Finally, DAO, MAOA, MAOB, GAA, HK1, and PYGM were verified bounding well to their corresponding compounds including isofraxidin, eleutheroside B1, eleutheroside C, quercetin, kaempferol, and acacetin. Conclusion: Based on these results, it was implied that the potential mechanism of ASH on MDD was related to the regulation of metabolism of several excitatory amino acids and carbohydrates, as well as the expression of DAO, MAOA, MAOB, GAA, HK1, and PYGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Song
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijia Sun
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jijia Sun, ; Mingmei Zhou,
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jijia Sun, ; Mingmei Zhou,
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Rodrigues JA, Narasimhamurthy RK, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS, Mumbrekar KD. Pesticides Exposure-Induced Changes in Brain Metabolome: Implications in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1539-1552. [PMID: 35781222 PMCID: PMC9515138 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have been used in agriculture, public health programs, and pharmaceuticals for many decades. Though pesticides primarily target pests by affecting their nervous system and causing other lethal effects, these chemical entities also exert toxic effects in inadvertently exposed humans through inhalation or ingestion. Mounting pieces of evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies indicate that pesticide-exposed models display metabolite alterations of pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, identifying common key metabolites/metabolic pathways between pesticide-induced metabolic reprogramming and neurodegenerative diseases is necessary to understand the etiology of pesticides in the rise of neurodegenerative disorders. The present review provides an overview of specific metabolic pathways, including tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, dopamine metabolism, energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acids, and lipid metabolism that are specifically altered in response to pesticides. Furthermore, we discuss how these metabolite alterations are linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and to identify novel biomarkers for targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Arvin Rodrigues
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, 576104.
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Distribution Pattern of the Monoamine Oxidase B Ligand, 18F-THK5351, in the Healthy Brain. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e489-e495. [PMID: 35675140 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-THK5351 PET estimates the concentrations of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) that are preferentially located in astrocytes and can be used to visualize and quantify ongoing astrogliosis. To study images of astrogliosis in neurological disorders, it is essential to understand the detailed binding sites of 18F-THK5351 as the MAO-B ligand under normal conditions. In this study, we examined the detailed distribution pattern of 18F-THK5351 in the healthy brain by comparing 18F-THK5351 uptake between subjects taking and not taking the MAO-B inhibitor. METHODS Ten healthy controls (HCs: 67.4 [SD, 15.1] years) and 4 patients with Parkinson disease taking the MAO-B inhibitor underwent 18F-THK5351 PET. The uptake ratio index (URI) was defined to quantify 18F-THK5351 uptake, using the cerebellum as a reference region. The cerebellar URI was set to zero. RESULTS For HCs, regions with URI ≥1 were preferentially observed in the following order: the striatum, globus pallidus, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray, substantia nigra, medulla, hippocampus, and pons. The peak URI values in the corresponding regions were 2.93, 2.47, 2.12, 2.04, 1.84, 1.68, 1.67, 1.37, 1.20, and 1.11, respectively. For all patients with Parkinson disease taking the MAO-B inhibitor, the URI values in all these regions were significantly decreased (Z score >2) and were reduced from 60.4% to 99.9%, compared with HCs. CONCLUSIONS This study presented the detailed distribution pattern of 18F-THK5351 in HCs and suggests that 18F-THK5351 uptake largely reflects MAO-B concentrations under normal conditions.
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Lee JM, Sa M, An H, Kim JMJ, Kwon J, Yoon BE, Lee CJ. Generation of Astrocyte-Specific MAOB Conditional Knockout Mouse with Minimal Tonic GABA Inhibition. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:158-172. [PMID: 35786639 PMCID: PMC9272118 DOI: 10.5607/en22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) is a key enzyme for GABA production in astrocytes in several brain regions. To date, the role of astrocytic MAOB has been studied in MAOB null knockout (KO) mice, although MAOB is expressed throughout the body. Therefore, there has been a need for genetically engineered mice in which only astrocytic MAOB is targeted. Here, we generated an astrocyte-specific MAOB conditional KO (cKO) mouse line and characterized it in the cerebellar and striatal regions of the brain. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique, we generated Maob floxed mice (B6-Maobem1Cjl/Ibs) which have floxed exons 2 and 3 of Maob with two loxP sites. By crossing these mice with hGFAP-CreERT2, we obtained Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice which have a property of tamoxifen-inducible ablation of Maob under the human GFAP (hGFAP) promoter. When we treated Maob floxed::hGFAP-CreERT2 mice with tamoxifen for 5 consecutive days, MAOB and GABA immunoreactivity were significantly reduced in striatal astrocytes as well as in Bergmann glia and lamellar astrocytes in the cerebellum, compared to sunflower oil-injected control mice. Moreover, astrocyte-specific MAOB cKO led to a 74.6% reduction in tonic GABA currents from granule cells and a 76.8% reduction from medium spiny neurons. Our results validate that astrocytic MAOB is a critical enzyme for the synthesis of GABA in astrocytes. We propose that this new mouse line could be widely used in studies of various brain diseases to elucidate the pathological role of astrocytic MAOB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Moo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Moonsun Sa
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Heeyoung An
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | | | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Yoon
- Department of Molecular biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
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Ding Z, Li X, Chen H, Hou H, Hu Q. Harmane Potentiates Nicotine Reinforcement Through MAO-A Inhibition at the Dose Related to Cigarette Smoking. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:925272. [PMID: 35832393 PMCID: PMC9271706 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.925272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the primary addictive component in cigarette smoke, and dopamine release induced by nicotine is considered a significant cause of persistent smoking and nicotine dependence. However, the effects of nicotine replacement therapy on smoking cessation were less effective than expected, suggesting that other non-nicotine constituents may potentiate the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Harmane is a potent, selective monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor found in cigarette smoke, but showed no effect on nicotine self-administration in previous studies, possibly due to the surprisingly high doses used. In the present study, we found that harmane potentiated nicotine self-administration on the fixed ration schedule at the dose related to human cigarette smoking by the synergistic effects in up-regulating genes in addiction-related pathways, and the effect was reduced at doses 10 times higher or lower than the smoking-related dose. The smoking-related dose of harmane also enhanced the increase of locomotor activity induced by nicotine, accompanied by increased dopamine basal level and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens through MAO-A inhibition. Our findings provided new evidence for the important role of non-nicotine ingredients of tobacco products in smoking addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ding
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongwei Hou,
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, Zhengzhou, China,Joint Laboratory of Translational Neurobiology, Zhengzhou, China,Qingyuan Hu,
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Khamphukdee C, Turkmani I, Chotritthirong Y, Chulikhit Y, Boonyarat C, Sekeroglu N, Silva AMS, Monthakantirat O, Kijjoa A. Effects of the Bark Resin Extract of Garcinia nigrolineata on Chronic Stress-Induced Memory Deficit in Mice Model and the In Vitro Monoamine Oxidases and β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitory Activities of Its Prenylated Xanthone Constituents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093014. [PMID: 35566362 PMCID: PMC9103351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes investigation of the effects of the bark resin extract of Garcinia nigrolineata (Clusiaceae) on the cognitive function and the induction of oxidative stress in both frontal cortex and hippocampus by unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). By using behavioral mouse models, i.e., the Y-maze test, the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), and the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT), it was found that the negative impact of repeated mild stress-induced learning and memory deficit through brain oxidative stress in the UCMS mice was reversed by treatment with the bark resin extract G. nigrolineata. Moreover, the prenylated xanthones viz. cowagarcinone C, cowaxanthone, α-mangostin, cowaxanthone B, cowanin, fuscaxanthone A, fuscaxanthone B, xanthochymusxanthones A, 7-O-methylgarcinone E, and cowagarcinone A, isolated from the bark resin of G. nigrolineata, were assayed for their inhibitory activities against β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charinya Khamphukdee
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Ibrahim Turkmani
- ICBAS-Instituo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Yutthana Chotritthirong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Nazim Sekeroglu
- Phytotherapy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Application & Research Center and Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Orawan Monthakantirat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (Y.C.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +66-81-3404677 (O.M.); +351-220428331 (A.K.)
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituo de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (A.K.); Tel.: +66-81-3404677 (O.M.); +351-220428331 (A.K.)
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Revisiting the Role of Astrocytic MAOB in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084453. [PMID: 35457272 PMCID: PMC9028367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) has been believed to mediate the degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine. However, this traditional belief has been challenged by demonstrating that it is not MAOB but MAOA which mediates dopamine degradation. Instead, MAOB mediates the aberrant synthesis of GABA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in reactive astrocytes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astrocytic GABA tonically suppresses the dopaminergic neuronal activity, whereas H2O2 aggravates astrocytic reactivity and dopaminergic neuronal death. Recently discovered reversible MAOB inhibitors reduce reactive astrogliosis and restore dopaminergic neuronal activity to alleviate PD symptoms in rodents. In this perspective, we redefine the role of MAOB for the aberrant suppression and deterioration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive GABA and H2O2 synthesis of reactive astrocytes in PD.
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Phenethylamine is a substrate of monoamine oxidase B in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17. [PMID: 34996979 PMCID: PMC8742005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a key enzyme responsible for the degradation of neurotransmitters and trace amines. MAO has two subtypes (MAO-A and MAO-B) that are encoded by different genes. In the brain, MAO-B is highly expressed in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT); however, its substrate in PVT remains unclear. To identify the MAO-B substrate in PVT, we generated Maob knockout (KO) mice and measured five candidate substrates (i.e., noradrenaline, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, serotonin, and phenethylamine [PEA]) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We showed that only PEA levels were markedly elevated in the PVT of Maob KO mice. To exclude the influence of peripheral MAO-B deficiency, we developed brain-specific Maob KO mice, finding that PEA in the PVT was increased in brain-specific Maob KO mice, whereas the extent of PEA increase was less than that in global Maob KO mice. Given that plasma PEA levels were elevated in global KO mice, but not in brain–specific KO mice, and that PEA passes across the blood–brain barrier, the substantial accumulation of PEA in the PVT of Maob KO mice was likely due to the increase in plasma PEA. These data suggest that PEA is a substrate of MAO-B in the PVT as well as other tissues.
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