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Wootton O, Shadrin AA, Bjella T, Smeland OB, van der Meer D, Frei O, O'Connell KS, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Stein DJ, Dalvie S. Genomic insights into the shared and distinct genetic architecture of cognitive function and schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15356. [PMID: 38961113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major determinant of functional outcomes in schizophrenia, however, understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning cognitive dysfunction in the disorder remains incomplete. Here, we apply Genomic Structural Equation Modelling to identify latent cognitive factors capturing genetic liabilities to 12 cognitive traits measured in the UK Biobank. We identified three broad factors that underly the genetic correlations between the cognitive tests. We explore the overlap between latent cognitive factors, schizophrenia, and schizophrenia symptom dimensions using a complementary set of statistical approaches, applied to data from the latest schizophrenia genome-wide association study (Ncase = 53,386, Ncontrol = 77,258) and the Thematically Organised Psychosis study (Ncase = 306, Ncontrol = 1060). Global genetic correlations showed a significant moderate negative genetic correlation between each cognitive factor and schizophrenia. Local genetic correlations implicated unique genomic regions underlying the overlap between schizophrenia and each cognitive factor. We found substantial polygenic overlap between each cognitive factor and schizophrenia and biological annotation of the shared loci implicated gene-sets related to neurodevelopment and neuronal function. Lastly, we show that the common genetic determinants of the latent cognitive factors are not predictive of schizophrenia symptoms in the Norwegian Thematically Organized Psychosis cohort. Overall, these findings inform our understanding of cognitive function in schizophrenia by demonstrating important differences in the shared genetic architecture of schizophrenia and cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wootton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bjella
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wootton O, Shadrin AA, Bjella T, Smeland OB, van der Meer D, Frei O, O’Connell KS, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Stein DJ, Dalvie S. Genomic Insights into the Shared and Distinct Genetic Architecture of Cognitive Function and Schizophrenia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.13.23298348. [PMID: 38014326 PMCID: PMC10680895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.23298348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major determinant of functional outcomes in schizophrenia, and efforts to understand the biological basis of cognitive dysfunction in the disorder are ongoing. Previous studies have suggested genetic overlap between global cognitive ability and schizophrenia, but further work is needed to delineate the shared genetic architecture. Here, we apply genomic structural equation modelling to identify latent cognitive factors capturing genetic liabilities to 12 cognitive traits measured in the UK Biobank (UKB). We explore the overlap between latent cognitive factors, schizophrenia, and schizophrenia symptom dimensions using a complementary set of statistical approaches, applied to data from the latest schizophrenia genome-wide association study (Ncase = 53,386, Ncontrol = 77,258) and the Thematically Organised Psychosis study (Ncase = 306, Ncontrol = 1060). We identified three broad factors (visuo-spatial, verbal analytic and decision/reaction time) that underly the genetic correlations between the UKB cognitive tests. Global genetic correlations showed a significant but moderate negative genetic correlation between each cognitive factor and schizophrenia. Local genetic correlations implicated unique genomic regions underlying the overlap between schizophrenia and each cognitive factor. We found evidence of substantial polygenic overlap between each cognitive factor and schizophrenia but show that most loci shared between the latent cognitive factors and schizophrenia have unique patterns of association with the cognitive factors. Biological annotation of the shared loci implicated gene-sets related to neurodevelopment and neuronal function. Lastly, we find that the common genetic determinants of the latent cognitive factors are not predictive of schizophrenia symptom dimensions. Overall, these findings inform our understanding of cognitive function in schizophrenia by demonstrating important differences in the shared genetic architecture of schizophrenia and cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wootton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Bjella
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, South Africa
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zaongo SD, Harypursat V, Rashid F, Dahourou DL, Ouedraogo AS, Chen Y. Influence of HIV infection on cognition and overall intelligence in HIV-infected individuals: advances and perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1261784. [PMID: 37953826 PMCID: PMC10637382 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1261784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that HIV-positive individuals, even those under effective ART, tend to develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood conditions which are contemporarily referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and which is directly related to HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system (CNS). As HAND is known to induce difficulties associated with attention, concentration, and memory, it is thus legitimate and pertinent to speculate upon the possibility that HIV infection may well influence human cognition and intelligence. We therefore propose herein to review the concept of intelligence, the concept of cells of intelligence, the influence of HIV on these particular cells, and the evidence pointing to differences in observed intelligence quotient (IQ) scores between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, cumulative research evidence continues to draw attention to the influence of the gut on human intelligence. Up to now, although it is known that HIV infection profoundly alters both the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and the structural integrity of the gut, the influence of the gut on intelligence in the context of HIV infection remains poorly described. As such, we also provide herein a review of the different ways in which HIV may influence human intelligence via the gut-brain axis. Finally, we provide a discourse on perspectives related to HIV and human intelligence which may assist in generating more robust evidence with respect to this issue in future studies. Our aim is to provide insightful knowledge for the identification of novel areas of investigation, in order to reveal and explain some of the enigmas related to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D. Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Désiré Lucien Dahourou
- Département Biomédical/Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/CNRST, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Sadeghpour A, Pogge DL, O'Donoghue EM, Bigdeli T, Rothbaum AO, Harvey PD. Intellectual performance correlates of trauma exposure in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Res 2023; 325:115231. [PMID: 37148833 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Half of individuals have experienced a trauma adequate to meet criteria for PTSD. Intelligence may correlate with trauma, with the causal direction unclear. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered to 733 child and adolescent inpatients. Intelligence and academic achievement was assessed using the Wechsler Scales. Clinician diagnoses came from the electronic medical record, as did data on exposure to substance abuse and other stressors. Multivariate analyses assessed associations between intelligence, diagnoses, experiences, and CTQ. Cases who met criteria for physical and sexual abuse performed more poorly across all intellectual domains. Other than for PTSD, there were no diagnostic differences in CTQ scores. Emotional abuse or neglect were not associated with intelligence, although exposure to substance abuse was associated with increased CTQ scores and lower intelligence. Exposure to substance abuse as a covariate did not eliminate the influence of CTQ scores on intelligence, but was consistently related to intelligence beyond CTQ scores. Intelligence and substance abuse are known to have genomic influences and recent studies have suggested a genomic signature associated with childhood abuse. Future genomic studies of the consequences of trauma exposure could add intelligence polygenic scores into their models, while considering genomic and nongenomic elements of family experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sadeghpour
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - David L Pogge
- Four Winds Hospital, 800 Cross River Rd, Katonah, NY 10536, USA; Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Rd, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
| | - Elizabeth M O'Donoghue
- Four Winds Hospital, 800 Cross River Rd, Katonah, NY 10536, USA; University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tim Bigdeli
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 2801 Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; New York Harbor VA Health Services Organization, 423 E 23rd St, New York, NY 1001, USA
| | - Alex O Rothbaum
- Skyland Trail, 961 North Druid Hills Rd., NE Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
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Mäkinen E, Wikgren J, Pekkala S, Koch LG, Britton SL, Nokia MS, Lensu S. Genotype determining aerobic exercise capacity associates with behavioral plasticity in middle-aged rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 443:114331. [PMID: 36774999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Good aerobic fitness associates positively with cognitive performance and brain health and conversely, low aerobic fitness predisposes to neurodegenerative diseases. To study how genotype together with exercise, started at older age, affects brain and behavior, we utilized rats that differ in inherited aerobic fitness. Rats bred for Low Capacity for Running (LCR) are shown to display less synaptic plasticity and more inflammation in the hippocampus and perform worse than rats bred for a High Capacity for Running (HCR) in tasks requiring flexible cognition. Here we used middle-aged (∼ 16 months) HCR and LCR rats to study how genotype and sex associate with anxiety and neural information filtering, termed sensory gating. Further, we assessed how inherited aerobic capacity associates with hippocampus-dependent learning, measured with contextual fear conditioning task. In females, we also investigated the effects of voluntary wheel running (5 weeks) on these characteristics. Our results indicate that independent of sex or voluntary running, HCR rats were more anxious in open-field tasks, exhibited lower sensory gating and learned more efficiently in contextual fear conditioning task than LCR rats. Voluntary running did not markedly affect innate behavior but slightly decreased the differences between female LCR and HCR rats in fear learning. In conclusion, inherited fitness seems to determine cognitive and behavioral traits independent of sex. Although the traits proved to be rather resistant to change at adult age, learning was slightly improved following exercise in LCR females, prone to obesity and poor fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Mäkinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Soo CC, Brandenburg JT, Nebel A, Tollman S, Berkman L, Ramsay M, Choudhury A. Genome-wide association study of population-standardised cognitive performance phenotypes in a rural South African community. Commun Biol 2023; 6:328. [PMID: 36973338 PMCID: PMC10043003 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is an indicator for global physical and mental health, and cognitive impairment has been associated with poorer life outcomes and earlier mortality. A standard cognition test, adapted to a rural-dwelling African community, and the Oxford Cognition Screen-Plus were used to capture cognitive performance as five continuous traits (total cognition score, verbal episodic memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial ability) for 2,246 adults in this population of South Africans. A novel common variant, rs73485231, reached genome-wide significance for association with episodic memory using data for ~14 million markers imputed from the H3Africa genotyping array data. Window-based replication of previously implicated variants and regions of interest support the discovery of African-specific associated variants despite the small population size and low allele frequency. This African genome-wide association study identifies suggestive associations with general cognition and domain-specific cognitive pathways and lays the groundwork for further genomic studies on cognition in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra C Soo
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Jean-Tristan Brandenburg
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Almut Nebel
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephen Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa Berkman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Gholami M, Zoughi M, Hasanzad M, Larijani B, Amoli MM. Haplotypic variants of COVID-19 related genes are associated with blood pressure and metabolites levels. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28355. [PMID: 36443248 PMCID: PMC9877746 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The genetic association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with its complications has not been fully understood. This study aimed to identify variants and haplotypes of candidate genes implicated in COVID-19 related traits by combining the literature review and pathway analysis. To explore such genes, the protein-protein interactions and relevant pathways of COVID-19-associated genes were assessed. A number of variants on candidate genes were identified from Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) which were associated with COVID-19 related traits (p ˂ 10-6 ). Haplotypic blocks were assessed using haplotypic structures among the 1000 Genomes Project (r2 ≥ 0.8, D' ≥ 0.8). Further functional analyses were performed on the selected variants. The results demonstrated that a group of variants in ACE and AGT genes were significantly correlated with COVID-19 related traits. Three haplotypes were identified to be involved in the blood metabolites levels and the development of blood pressure. Functional analyses revealed that most GWAS index variants were expression quantitative trait loci and had transcription factor binding sites, exonic splicing enhancers or silencer activities. Furthermore, the proxy haplotype variants, rs4316, rs4353, rs4359, and three variants, namely rs2493133, rs2478543, and rs5051, were associated with blood metabolite and systolic blood pressure, respectively. These variants exerted more regulatory effects compared with other GWAS variants. The present study indicates that the genetic variants and candidate haplotypes of COVID-19 related genes are associated with blood pressure and blood metabolites. However, further observational studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Marziyeh Zoughi
- Metabolomics and genomics research center endocrinology and metabolism molecular‐cellular sciences instituteTehran University of medical sciencesTehranIran
| | - Mandana Hasanzad
- Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa M. Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Murillo-García N, Barrio-Martínez S, Setién-Suero E, Soler J, Papiol S, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ayesa-Arriola R. Overlap between genetic variants associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and intelligence quotient: a systematic review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E393-E408. [PMID: 36414327 PMCID: PMC9710545 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study whether there is genetic overlap underlying the risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and low intelligence quotient (IQ), we reviewed and summarized the evidence on genetic variants associated with both traits. METHODS We performed this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and preregistered it in PROSPERO. We searched the Medline databases via PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus. We included studies in adults with a diagnosis of SSD that explored genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs], copy number variants [CNVs], genomic insertions or genomic deletions), estimated IQ and studied the relationship between genetic variability and both traits (SSD and IQ). We synthesized the results and assessed risk of bias using the Quality of Genetic Association Studies (Q-Genie) tool. RESULTS Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria (45 case-control, 9 cross-sectional, 1 cohort), of which 55% reported significant associations for genetic variants involved in IQ and SSD. The SNPs more frequently explored through candidate gene studies were in COMT, DTNBP1, BDNF and TCF4. Through genome-wide association studies, 2 SNPs in CHD7 and GATAD2A were associated with IQ in patients with SSD. The studies on CNVs suggested significant associations between structural variants and low IQ in patients with SSD. LIMITATIONS Overall, primary studies used heterogeneous IQ measurement tools and had small samples. Grey literature was not screened. CONCLUSION Genetic overlap between SSD and IQ supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Most of the risk polymorphisms identified were in genes relevant to brain development, neural proliferation and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- From the Research Unit in Mental Illness, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Cantabria, Spain (Murillo-García, Barrio-Martínez, Ayesa-Arriola); the Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain (Murillo-García, Ayesa-Arriola); the Faculty of Psychology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Barrio-Martínez); the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain (Setién-Suero); the Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Madrid, Spain (Soler, Papiol, Fatjó-Vilas, Ayesa-Arriola); the Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Soler, Fatjó-Vilas); the Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Soler); the Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (Papiol); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany (Papiol); the FIDMAG Sisters Hospitallers Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (Fatjó-Vilas)
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9
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Owan VJ, Ekpenyong JA, Chuktu O, Asuquo ME, Ogar JO, Owan MV, Okon S. Innate ability, health, motivation, and social capital as predictors of students’ cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes in secondary schools. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1024017. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1024017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies assessing students’ learning outcomes and identifying contributing factors have often dwelt on the cognitive domain. Furthermore, school evaluation decisions are often made using scores from cognitive-based tests to rank students. This practice often skews evaluation results, given that education aims to improve the three learning domains. This study addresses this gap by assessing the contributions of four students’ input to their cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills (CAPs).MethodsA cross-section of senior secondary class II students (n = 870), sampled through the multistage procedure, participated in a physical survey. Students’ Inputs Questionnaire (STIQ) and Learning Outcomes Questionnaire (LOQ) were used for data collection. Based on data obtained from a pilot sample (n = 412), principal axis factoring (PAF) was performed to assess the internal structure of the instruments following an oblique rotation. The KMO value of sampling adequacy were 0.88 and 0.94, while the Bartlett’s test of sphericity were significant χ2(253) = 5,010; p < 0.001 and χ2(105) = 3693.38, p < 0.001 for the STIQ and LOQ, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the models’ acceptability based on the maximum likelihood estimation technique. The main study used hierarchical linear regression for data analysis.ResultsFindings indicated that innate ability, health, motivation and social capital relatively and cumulatively predicted students’ overall, cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes. The proportion of variance explained by the predictors increased at different levels of the models with the addition of new variables. Students’ social capital reduced the effect of students’ innate ability regardless of their motivation and health status.Conclusion/implicationThis study has provided evidence that the four students’ inputs are crucial predictors of their learning outcomes in the three domains. This result is helpful for school management to provide services aimed at improving the school climate for students’ motivation and social capital. The result can provide policymakers with a proper understanding of the constituents of learning outcomes and how policies can be aligned to secure quality student inputs for maximum productivity in education.
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Ciobanu LG, Stankov L, Schubert KO, Amare AT, Jawahar MC, Lawrence-Wood E, Mills NT, Knight M, Clark SR, Aidman E. General intelligence and executive functioning are overlapping but separable at genetic and molecular pathway levels: An analytical review of existing GWAS findings. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272368. [PMID: 36251633 PMCID: PMC9576059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic architecture and molecular mechanisms of cognitive functioning in healthy individuals is critical for developing tailored interventions to enhance cognitive functioning, as well as for identifying targets for treating impaired cognition. There has been substantial progress in uncovering the genetic composition of the general cognitive ability (g). However, there is an ongoing debate whether executive functioning (EF)–another key predictor of cognitive health and performance, is separable from general g. To provide an analytical review on existing findings on genetic influences on the relationship between g and EF, we re-analysed a subset of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the GWAS catalogue that used measures of g and EF as outcomes in non-clinical populations. We identified two sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with g (1,372 SNPs across 12 studies), and EF (300 SNPs across 5 studies) at p<5x10-6. A comparative analysis of GWAS-identified g and EF SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium (LD), followed by pathway enrichment analyses suggest that g and EF are overlapping but separable at genetic variant and molecular pathway levels, however more evidence is required to characterize the genetic overlap/distinction between the two constructs. While not without limitations, these findings may have implications for navigating further research towards translatable genetic findings for cognitive remediation, enhancement, and augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana G. Ciobanu
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Lazar Stankov
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K. Oliver Schubert
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Northern Adelaide Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Azmeraw T. Amare
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Frailty and Healthy Ageing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Natalie T. Mills
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Knight
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Weapons and Combat Systems Division, Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
| | - Scott R. Clark
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Aidman
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Land Division, Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
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11
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Akingbuwa WA, Hammerschlag AR, Bartels M, Nivard MG, Middeldorp CM. Ultra-rare and common genetic variant analysis converge to implicate negative selection and neuronal processes in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3699-3707. [PMID: 35665764 PMCID: PMC9708595 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Both common and rare genetic variants (minor allele frequency >1% and <0.1% respectively) have been implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate single-cell gene expression data with publicly available Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) and exome sequenced data in order to investigate in parallel, the enrichment of common and (ultra-)rare variants related to schizophrenia in several functionally relevant gene-sets. Four types of gene-sets were constructed 1) protein-truncating variant (PTV)-intolerant (PI) genes 2) genes expressed in brain cell types and neurons ascertained from mouse and human brain tissue 3) genes defined by synaptic function and location and 4) intersection genes, i.e., PI genes that are expressed in the human and mouse brain cell gene-sets. We show that common as well as ultra-rare schizophrenia-associated variants are overrepresented in PI genes, in excitatory neurons from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, medium spiny neurons, and genes enriched for synaptic processes. We also observed stronger enrichment in the intersection genes. Our findings suggest that across the allele frequency spectrum, genes and genetic variants likely to be under stringent selection, and those expressed in particular brain cell types, are involved in the same biological pathways influencing the risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonuola A Akingbuwa
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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13
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Fitzgerald J, Fahey L, Holleran L, Ó Broin P, Donohoe G, Morris DW. Thirteen Independent Genetic Loci Associated with Preserved Processing Speed in a Study of Cognitive Resilience in 330,097 Individuals in the UK Biobank. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:122. [PMID: 35052462 PMCID: PMC8774848 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive resilience is the ability to withstand the negative effects of stress on cognitive functioning and is important for maintaining quality of life while aging. The UK Biobank does not have measurements of the same cognitive phenotype at distal time points. Therefore, we used education years (EY) as a proxy phenotype for past cognitive performance and current cognitive performance was based on processing speed. This represented an average time span of 40 years between past and current cognitive performance in 330,097 individuals. A confounding factor was that EY is highly polygenic and masked the genetics of resilience. To overcome this, we employed Genomics Structural Equation Modelling (GenomicSEM) to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-by-subtraction using two GWAS, one GWAS of EY and resilience and a second GWAS of EY but not resilience, to generate a GWAS of Resilience. Using independent discovery and replication samples, we found 13 independent genetic loci for Resilience. Functional analyses showed enrichment in several brain regions and specific cell types. Gene-set analyses implicated the biological process "neuron differentiation", the cellular component "synaptic part" and the "WNT signalosome". Mendelian randomisation analysis showed a causative effect of white matter volume on cognitive resilience. These results may contribute to the neurobiological understanding of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Fitzgerald
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Laura Fahey
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Pilib Ó Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (J.F.); (L.F.); (L.H.); (G.D.)
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14
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Deary IJ, Cox SR, Hill WD. Genetic variation, brain, and intelligence differences. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:335-353. [PMID: 33531661 PMCID: PMC8960418 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in human intelligence, as assessed using cognitive test scores, have a well-replicated, hierarchical phenotypic covariance structure. They are substantially stable across the life course, and are predictive of educational, social, and health outcomes. From this solid phenotypic foundation and importance for life, comes an interest in the environmental, social, and genetic aetiologies of intelligence, and in the foundations of intelligence differences in brain structure and functioning. Here, we summarise and critique the last 10 years or so of molecular genetic (DNA-based) research on intelligence, including the discovery of genetic loci associated with intelligence, DNA-based heritability, and intelligence's genetic correlations with other traits. We summarise new brain imaging-intelligence findings, including whole-brain associations and grey and white matter associations. We summarise regional brain imaging associations with intelligence and interpret these with respect to theoretical accounts. We address research that combines genetics and brain imaging in studying intelligence differences. There are new, though modest, associations in all these areas, and mechanistic accounts are lacking. We attempt to identify growing points that might contribute toward a more integrated 'systems biology' account of some of the between-individual differences in intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Deary
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - W. David Hill
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
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15
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Heyer DB, Wilbers R, Galakhova AA, Hartsema E, Braak S, Hunt S, Verhoog MB, Muijtjens ML, Mertens EJ, Idema S, Baayen JC, de Witt Hamer P, Klein M, McGraw M, Lein ES, de Kock CPJ, Mansvelder HD, Goriounova NA. Verbal and General IQ Associate with Supragranular Layer Thickness and Cell Properties of the Left Temporal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2343-2357. [PMID: 34550325 PMCID: PMC9157308 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The left temporal lobe is an integral part of the language system and its cortical structure and function associate with general intelligence. However, whether cortical laminar architecture and cellular properties of this brain area relate to verbal intelligence is unknown. Here, we addressed this using histological analysis and cellular recordings of neurosurgically resected temporal cortex in combination with presurgical IQ scores. We find that subjects with higher general and verbal IQ scores have thicker left (but not right) temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21, BA21). The increased thickness is due to the selective increase in layers 2 and 3 thickness, accompanied by lower neuron densities, and larger dendrites and cell body size of pyramidal neurons in these layers. Furthermore, these neurons sustain faster action potential kinetics, which improves information processing. Our results indicate that verbal mental ability associates with selective adaptations of supragranular layers and their cellular micro-architecture and function in left, but not right temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Heyer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - R Wilbers
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - A A Galakhova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - E Hartsema
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - S Braak
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - S Hunt
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - M B Verhoog
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - M L Muijtjens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - E J Mertens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - S Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - J C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - P de Witt Hamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - M Klein
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HZ, The Netherlands
| | - M McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - E S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C P J de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - H D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - N A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
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16
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Berto S, Liu Y, Konopka G. Genomics at cellular resolution: insights into cognitive disorders and their evolution. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:R1-R9. [PMID: 32566943 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput genomic sequencing approaches have held the promise of understanding and ultimately leading to treatments for cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Although significant progress has been made into identifying genetic variants associated with these diseases, these studies have also uncovered that these disorders are mostly genetically complex and thus challenging to model in non-human systems. Improvements in such models might benefit from understanding the evolution of the human genome and how such modifications have affected brain development and function. The intersection of genome-wide variant information with cell-type-specific expression and epigenetic information will further assist in resolving the contribution of particular cell types in evolution or disease. For example, the role of non-neuronal cells in brain evolution and cognitive disorders has gone mostly underappreciated until the recent availability of single-cell transcriptomic approaches. In this review, we discuss recent studies that carry out cell-type-specific assessments of gene expression in brain tissue across primates and between healthy and disease populations. The emerging results from these studies are beginning to elucidate how specific cell types in the evolved human brain are contributing to cognitive disorders.
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17
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Lee KS, Choi YJ, Cho JW, Moon SJ, Lim YH, Kim JI, Lee YA, Shin CH, Kim BN, Hong YC. Children's Greenness Exposure and IQ-Associated DNA Methylation: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7429. [PMID: 34299878 PMCID: PMC8304819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is known to be involved in regulatory pathways through which greenness exposure influences child development and health. We aimed to investigate the associations between residential surrounding greenness and DNA methylation changes in children, and further assessed the association between DNA methylation and children's intelligence quotient (IQ) in a prospective cohort study. We identified cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sites (CpGs) associated with cognitive abilities from epigenome- and genome-wide association studies through a systematic literature review for candidate gene analysis. We estimated the residential surrounding greenness at age 2 using a geographic information system. DNA methylation was analyzed from whole blood using the HumanMethylationEPIC array in 59 children at age 2. We analyzed the association between greenness exposure and DNA methylation at age 2 at the selected CpGs using multivariable linear regression. We further investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and children's IQ. We identified 8743 CpGs associated with cognitive ability based on the literature review. Among these CpGs, we found that 25 CpGs were significantly associated with greenness exposure at age 2, including cg26269038 (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 0.05) located in the body of SLC6A3, which encodes a dopamine transporter. DNA methylation at cg26269038 at age 2 was significantly associated with children's performance IQ at age 6. Exposure to surrounding greenness was associated with cognitive ability-related DNA methylation changes, which was also associated with children's IQ. Further studies are warranted to clarify the epigenetic pathways linking greenness exposure and neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Cho
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA;
| | - Sung-Ji Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna-Inhyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Young-Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-A.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Choong-Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.-A.L.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (K.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (S.-J.M.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Behavioral genetics and cultural evolution have both revolutionized our understanding of human behavior-largely independent of each other. Here we reconcile these two fields under a dual inheritance framework, offering a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between genes and culture. Going beyond typical analyses of gene-environment interactions, we describe the cultural dynamics that shape these interactions by shaping the environment and population structure. A cultural evolutionary approach can explain, for example, how factors such as rates of innovation and diffusion, density of cultural sub-groups, and tolerance for behavioral diversity impact heritability estimates, thus yielding predictions for different social contexts. Moreover, when cumulative culture functionally overlaps with genes, genetic effects become masked, unmasked, or even reversed, and the causal effects of an identified gene become confounded with features of the cultural environment. The manner of confounding is specific to a particular society at a particular time, but a WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) sampling problem obscures this boundedness. Cultural evolutionary dynamics are typically missing from models of gene-to-phenotype causality, hindering generalizability of genetic effects across societies and across time. We lay out a reconciled framework and use it to predict the ways in which heritability should differ between societies, between socioeconomic levels and other groupings within some societies but not others, and over the life course. An integrated cultural evolutionary behavioral genetic approach cuts through the nature-nurture debate and helps resolve controversies in topics such as IQ.
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19
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Is there a “g-neuron”? Establishing a systematic link between general intelligence (g) and the von Economo neuron. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Single cell transcriptomics of primate sensory neurons identifies cell types associated with chronic pain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1510. [PMID: 33686078 PMCID: PMC7940623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct types of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons may have unique contributions to chronic pain. Identification of primate sensory neuron types is critical for understanding the cellular origin and heritability of chronic pain. However, molecular insights into the primate sensory neurons are missing. Here we classify non-human primate dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons based on their transcriptome and map human pain heritability to neuronal types. First, we identified cell correlates between two major datasets for mouse sensory neuron types. Machine learning exposes an overall cross-species conservation of somatosensory neurons between primate and mouse, although with differences at individual gene level, highlighting the importance of primate data for clinical translation. We map genomic loci associated with chronic pain in human onto primate sensory neuron types to identify the cellular origin of chronic pain. Genome-wide associations for chronic pain converge on two different neuronal types distributed between pain disorders that display different genetic susceptibilities, suggesting both unique and shared mechanisms between different pain conditions. The contribution of distinct types of dorsal root ganglion neurons to chronic pain is unclear. Here, the authors molecularly profile non-human primate sensory neurons and show that genome-wide associations converge on two neuronal types with different genetic susceptibilities for chronic pain.
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21
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Quach TT, Stratton HJ, Khanna R, Kolattukudy PE, Honnorat J, Meyer K, Duchemin AM. Intellectual disability: dendritic anomalies and emerging genetic perspectives. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:139-158. [PMID: 33226471 PMCID: PMC7855540 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) corresponds to several neurodevelopmental disorders of heterogeneous origin in which cognitive deficits are commonly associated with abnormalities of dendrites and dendritic spines. These histological changes in the brain serve as a proxy for underlying deficits in neuronal network connectivity, mostly a result of genetic factors. Historically, chromosomal abnormalities have been reported by conventional karyotyping, targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosomal microarray analysis. More recently, cytogenomic mapping, whole-exome sequencing, and bioinformatic mining have led to the identification of novel candidate genes, including genes involved in neuritogenesis, dendrite maintenance, and synaptic plasticity. Greater understanding of the roles of these putative ID genes and their functional interactions might boost investigations into determining the plausible link between cellular and behavioral alterations as well as the mechanisms contributing to the cognitive impairment observed in ID. Genetic data combined with histological abnormalities, clinical presentation, and transgenic animal models provide support for the primacy of dysregulation in dendrite structure and function as the basis for the cognitive deficits observed in ID. In this review, we highlight the importance of dendrite pathophysiology in the etiologies of four prototypical ID syndromes, namely Down Syndrome (DS), Rett Syndrome (RTT), Digeorge Syndrome (DGS) and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). Clinical characteristics of ID have also been reported in individuals with deletions in the long arm of chromosome 10 (the q26.2/q26.3), a region containing the gene for the collapsin response mediator protein 3 (CRMP3), also known as dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-4 (DRP-4, DPYSL4), which is involved in dendritogenesis. Following a discussion of clinical and genetic findings in these syndromes and their preclinical animal models, we lionize CRMP3/DPYSL4 as a novel candidate gene for ID that may be ripe for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Quach
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Jérome Honnorat
- INSERM U1217/CNRS, UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- SynatAc Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute of Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatric, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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22
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Geary DC. Mitochondrial Functions, Cognition, and the Evolution of Intelligence: Reply to Commentaries and Moving Forward. J Intell 2020; 8:E42. [PMID: 33302466 PMCID: PMC7768403 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence8040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to commentaries, I address questions regarding the proposal that general intelligence (g) is a manifestation of the functioning of intramodular and intermodular brain networks undergirded by the efficiency of mitochondrial functioning (Geary 2018). The core issues include the relative contribution of mitochondrial functioning to individual differences in g; studies that can be used to test associated hypotheses; and, the adaptive function of intelligence from an evolutionary perspective. I attempt to address these and related issues, as well as note areas in which other issues remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-2500, USA
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23
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Kagan J. The Fading of a Bad Idea. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.133.3.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Kagan
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, E-mail:
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24
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Key J, Harter PN, Sen NE, Gradhand E, Auburger G, Gispert S. Mid-Gestation lethality of Atxn2l-Ablated Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5124. [PMID: 32698485 PMCID: PMC7404131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of yeast/fly Ataxin-2 rescues TDP-43 overexpression toxicity. In mouse models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis via TDP-43 overexpression, depletion of its ortholog ATXN2 mitigated motor neuron degeneration and extended lifespan from 25 days to >300 days. There is another ortholog in mammals, named ATXN2L (Ataxin-2-like), which is almost uncharacterized but also functions in RNA surveillance at stress granules. We generated mice with Crispr/Cas9-mediated deletion of Atxn2l exons 5-8, studying homozygotes prenatally and heterozygotes during aging. Our novel findings indicate that ATXN2L absence triggers mid-gestational embryonic lethality, affecting female animals more strongly. Weight and development stages of homozygous mutants were reduced. Placenta phenotypes were not apparent, but brain histology showed lamination defects and apoptosis. Aged heterozygotes showed no locomotor deficits or weight loss over 12 months. Null mutants in vivo displayed compensatory efforts to maximize Atxn2l expression, which were prevented upon nutrient abundance in vitro. Mouse embryonal fibroblast cells revealed more multinucleated giant cells upon ATXN2L deficiency. In addition, in human neural cells, transcript levels of ATXN2L were induced upon starvation and glucose and amino acids exposure, but this induction was partially prevented by serum or low cholesterol administration. Neither ATXN2L depletion triggered dysregulation of ATXN2, nor a converse effect was observed. Overall, this essential role of ATXN2L for embryogenesis raises questions about its role in neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Key
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai-7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Georg Auburger
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
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25
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Coleman JRI, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Breen G. The Genetics of the Mood Disorder Spectrum: Genome-wide Association Analyses of More Than 185,000 Cases and 439,000 Controls. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:169-184. [PMID: 31926635 PMCID: PMC8136147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders (including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) affect 10% to 20% of the population. They range from brief, mild episodes to severe, incapacitating conditions that markedly impact lives. Multiple approaches have shown considerable sharing of risk factors across mood disorders despite their diagnostic distinction. METHODS To clarify the shared molecular genetic basis of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder and to highlight disorder-specific associations, we meta-analyzed data from the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association studies of major depression (including data from 23andMe) and bipolar disorder, and an additional major depressive disorder cohort from UK Biobank (total: 185,285 cases, 439,741 controls; nonoverlapping N = 609,424). RESULTS Seventy-three loci reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis, including 15 that are novel for mood disorders. More loci from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium analysis of major depression than from that for bipolar disorder reached genome-wide significance. Genetic correlations revealed that type 2 bipolar disorder correlates strongly with recurrent and single-episode major depressive disorder. Systems biology analyses highlight both similarities and differences between the mood disorders, particularly in the mouse brain cell types implicated by the expression patterns of associated genes. The mood disorders also differ in their genetic correlation with educational attainment-the relationship is positive in bipolar disorder but negative in major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS The mood disorders share several genetic associations, and genetic studies of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder can be combined effectively to enable the discovery of variants not identified by studying either disorder alone. However, we demonstrate several differences between these disorders. Analyzing subtypes of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder provides evidence for a genetic mood disorders spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Héléna A Gaspar
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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The Mitochondrial Theory of g Is Incompatible with Genetic Evidence and Does Not Explain Statistical Phenomena. J Intell 2020; 8:jintelligence8030027. [PMID: 32605270 PMCID: PMC7555250 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence8030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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27
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Campos AI, Verweij KJH, Statham DJ, Madden PAF, Maciejewski DF, Davis KAS, John A, Hotopf M, Heath AC, Martin NG, Rentería ME. Genetic aetiology of self-harm ideation and behaviour. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9713. [PMID: 32546850 PMCID: PMC7297971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Family studies have identified a heritable component to self-harm that is partially independent from comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, the genetic aetiology of broad sense (non-suicidal and suicidal) self-harm has not been characterised on the molecular level. In addition, controversy exists about the degree to which suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm share a common genetic aetiology. In the present study, we conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on lifetime self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour (i.e. any lifetime self-harm act regardless of suicidal intent) using data from the UK Biobank (n > 156,000). We also perform genome wide gene-based tests and characterize the SNP heritability and genetic correlations between these traits. Finally, we test whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for self-harm ideation and self-harm behaviour predict suicide attempt, suicide thoughts and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH) in an independent target sample of 8,703 Australian adults. Our GWAS results identified one genome-wide significant locus associated with each of the two phenotypes. SNP heritability (hsnp2) estimates were ~10%, and both traits were highly genetically correlated (LDSC rg > 0.8). Gene-based tests identified seven genes associated with self-harm ideation and four with self-harm behaviour. Furthermore, in the target sample, PRS for self-harm ideation were significantly associated with suicide thoughts and NSSH, and PRS for self-harm behaviour predicted suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Follow up regressions identified a shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide thoughts, and between suicide thoughts and suicide attempt. Evidence for shared genetic aetiology between NSSH and suicide attempt was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian I Campos
- Department of Genetics & Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dixie J Statham
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, 3550, Australia
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dominique F Maciejewski
- Department of Developmental Psychopathology, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrina A S Davis
- KCL Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ann John
- HDRUK, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- KCL Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics & Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics & Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
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28
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Bryois J, Skene NG, Hansen TF, Kogelman LJA, Watson HJ, Liu Z, Brueggeman L, Breen G, Bulik CM, Arenas E, Hjerling-Leffler J, Sullivan PF. Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2020; 52:482-493. [PMID: 32341526 PMCID: PMC7930801 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have discovered hundreds of loci associated with complex brain disorders, but it remains unclear in which cell types these loci are active. Here we integrate genome-wide association study results with single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire mouse nervous system to systematically identify cell types underlying brain complex traits. We show that psychiatric disorders are predominantly associated with projecting excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Neurological diseases were associated with different cell types, which is consistent with other lines of evidence. Notably, Parkinson's disease was genetically associated not only with cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons (which include dopaminergic neurons) but also with enteric neurons and oligodendrocytes. Using post-mortem brain transcriptomic data, we confirmed alterations in these cells, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. Our study provides an important framework for understanding the cellular basis of complex brain maladies, and reveals an unexpected role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Dept of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital MHC Sct Hans, Roskilde, Denmark
- Novo Nordic Foundations Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisette J A Kogelman
- Danish Headache Center, Dept of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hunna J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zijing Liu
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Leo Brueggeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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29
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Persyn E, Hanscombe KB, Howson JMM, Lewis CM, Traylor M, Markus HS. Genome-wide association study of MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease in 42,310 participants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2175. [PMID: 32358547 PMCID: PMC7195435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of stroke and dementia, but its genetic basis is incompletely understood. We perform a genetic study of three MRI markers of the disease in UK Biobank imaging data and other sources: white matter hyperintensities (N = 42,310), fractional anisotropy (N = 17,663) and mean diffusivity (N = 17,467). Our aim is to better understand the disease pathophysiology. Across the three traits, we identify 31 loci, of which 21 were previously unreported. We perform a transcriptome-wide association study to identify associations with gene expression in relevant tissues, identifying 66 associated genes across the three traits. This genetic study provides insights into the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Persyn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ken B Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- BHF, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Profiling haplotype specific CpG and CpH methylation within a schizophrenia GWAS locus on chromosome 14 in schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4704. [PMID: 32170143 PMCID: PMC7069985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrogating DNA methylation within schizophrenia risk loci holds promise to identify mechanisms by which genes influence the disease. Based on the hypothesis that allele specific methylation (ASM) of a single CpG, or perhaps CpH, might mediate or mark the effects of genetic variants on disease risk and phenotypes, we explored haplotype specific methylation levels of individual cytosines within a genomic region harbouring the BAG5, APOPT1 and KLC1 genes in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Three DNA fragments located in promoter, intronic and intergenic areas were studied by single-molecule real-time bisulfite sequencing enabling the analysis of long reads of DNA with base-pair resolution and the determination of haplotypes directly from sequencing data. Among 1,012 cytosines studied, we did not find any site where methylation correlated with the disease or cognitive deficits after correction for multiple testing. At the same time, we determined the methylation profile associated with the schizophrenia risk haplotype within the KLC1 fourth intron and confirmed ASM for cytosines located in the vicinity of rs67899457. These genetically associated DNA methylation variations may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism differentiating the risk and non-risk haplotypes and merit further investigation.
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31
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Gonzalez R, Gonzalez SD, McCarthy MJ. Using Chronobiological Phenotypes to Address Heterogeneity in Bipolar Disorder. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2020; 5:72-84. [PMID: 32399471 DOI: 10.1159/000506636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in addition to disruptions in sleep, energy, appetite, and cognitive functions-rhythmic behaviors that typically change on daily cycles. BD symptoms can also be provoked by seasonal changes, sleep, and/or circadian disruption, indicating that chronobiological factors linked to the circadian clock may be a common feature in the disorder. Research indicates that BD exists on a clinical spectrum, with distinct subtypes often intersecting with other psychiatric disorders. This heterogeneity has been a major challenge to BD research and contributes to problems in diagnostic stability and treatment outcomes. To address this heterogeneity, we propose that chronobiologically related biomarkers could be useful in classifying BD into objectively measurable phenotypes to establish better diagnoses, inform treatments, and perhaps lead to better clinical outcomes. Presently, we review the biological basis of circadian time keeping in humans, discuss the links of BD to the circadian clock, and pre-sent recent studies that evaluated chronobiological measures as a basis for establishing BD phenotypes. We conclude that chronobiology may inform future research using other novel techniques such as genomics, cell biology, and advanced behavioral analyses to establish new and more biologically based BD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzanne D Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Chronobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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32
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A statistical approach to fine-mapping for the identification of potential causal variants related to human intelligence. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:781-787. [PMID: 31165785 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified >20 genetic loci associated with human intelligence. However, due to correlations between the trait-associated SNPs, only a few of the loci are confirmed to have a true biological effect. In order to distinguish the SNPs that have a causal effect on human intelligence, we must eliminate the noise from the high degree of linkage disequilibrium that persists throughout the genome. In this study, we apply a novel PAINTOR fine-mapping method, which uses a Bayesian approach to determine the SNPs with the highest probability of causality. This technique incorporates the GWAS summary statistics, linkage disequilibrium structure, and functional annotations to compute the posterior probability of causality for all SNPs in the GWAS-associated regions. We found five SNPs (rs6002620, rs41352752, rs6568547, rs138592330, and rs28371699) with a high probability of causality, three of which have posterior probabilities >0.60. The SNP rs6002620 (NDUFA6), which is involved in mitochondrial function, has the highest likelihood of causality. These findings provide important insight into the genetic determinants contributing to human intelligence.
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33
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Goriounova NA, Mansvelder HD. Genes, Cells and Brain Areas of Intelligence. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:44. [PMID: 30828294 PMCID: PMC6384251 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the neurobiological basis of human intelligence? The brains of some people seem to be more efficient than those of others. Understanding the biological foundations of these differences is of great interest to basic and applied neuroscience. Somehow, the secret must lie in the cells in our brain with which we think. However, at present, research into the neurobiology of intelligence is divided between two main strategies: brain imaging studies investigate macroscopic brain structure and function to identify brain areas involved in intelligence, while genetic associations studies aim to pinpoint genes and genetic loci associated with intelligence. Nothing is known about how properties of brain cells relate to intelligence. The emergence of transcriptomics and cellular neuroscience of intelligence might, however, provide a third strategy and bridge the gap between identified genes for intelligence and brain function and structure. Here, we discuss the latest developments in the search for the biological basis of intelligence. In particular, the recent availability of very large cohorts with hundreds of thousands of individuals have propelled exciting developments in the genetics of intelligence. Furthermore, we discuss the first studies that show that specific populations of brain cells associate with intelligence. Finally, we highlight how specific genes that have been identified generate cellular properties associated with intelligence and may ultimately explain structure and function of the brain areas involved. Thereby, the road is paved for a cellular understanding of intelligence, which will provide a conceptual scaffold for understanding how the constellation of identified genes benefit cellular functions that support intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huibert D. Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Goriounova NA, Heyer DB, Wilbers R, Verhoog MB, Giugliano M, Verbist C, Obermayer J, Kerkhofs A, Smeding H, Verberne M, Idema S, Baayen JC, Pieneman AW, de Kock CP, Klein M, Mansvelder HD. Large and fast human pyramidal neurons associate with intelligence. eLife 2018; 7:41714. [PMID: 30561325 PMCID: PMC6363383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally assumed that human intelligence relies on efficient processing by neurons in our brain. Although grey matter thickness and activity of temporal and frontal cortical areas correlate with IQ scores, no direct evidence exists that links structural and physiological properties of neurons to human intelligence. Here, we find that high IQ scores and large temporal cortical thickness associate with larger, more complex dendrites of human pyramidal neurons. We show in silico that larger dendritic trees enable pyramidal neurons to track activity of synaptic inputs with higher temporal precision, due to fast action potential kinetics. Indeed, we find that human pyramidal neurons of individuals with higher IQ scores sustain fast action potential kinetics during repeated firing. These findings provide the first evidence that human intelligence is associated with neuronal complexity, action potential kinetics and efficient information transfer from inputs to output within cortical neurons. Our brains are made up of almost 100 billion brain cells. Each of them acts like a small chip: they collect, process and pass on information in the form of electrical signals. In brain areas that integrate different types of information, such as frontal and temporal lobes, brain cells have larger dendrites – long projections specialized to collect signals. Theoretical studies predict that larger dendrites help cells to initiate electrical signals faster. Because of difficulty in accessing human neurons, it has been unknown whether any of these features also relate to human intelligence. Previous studies have revealed that people with a higher IQ have a thicker outer layer (the cortex) in areas such as the frontal and temporal lobes. But does a thicker cortex also contain cells with larger dendrites and is their role different? To test whether smarter brains are equipped with faster and larger cells, Goriounova et al. studied 46 people who needed surgery for brain tumors or epilepsy. Each took an IQ test before the operation. To access the diseased tissue deep in the brain, the surgeon also removed small, undamaged samples of temporal lobe. These samples still contained living cells and their electrical signals were measured in the lab. The experiments showed that cells from people with a higher IQ had larger dendrites that transported information more quickly, especially when they are very active. Computer models were then used to understand how these findings can lead to more efficient information transfer in human neurons. Traditionally, research on human intelligence has focused on three main strategies: to study brain structure and function, to find genes associated with intelligence and to study the connection between our mind and behavior. Goriounova et al. are the first to take the single-cell perspective and link cell properties to human intelligence. The findings could help connect these separate approaches, and explain how genes for intelligence lead to thicker cortices and faster reaction times in people with higher IQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Djai B Heyer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Wilbers
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs B Verhoog
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Brain Mind Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Verbist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joshua Obermayer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Kerkhofs
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harriët Smeding
- Department of Psychology, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Verberne
- Department of Psychology, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU medical center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU medical center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton W Pieneman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Pj de Kock
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Klein
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU medical center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Savage JE, Jansen PR, Stringer S, Watanabe K, Bryois J, de Leeuw CA, Nagel M, Awasthi S, Barr PB, Coleman JRI, Grasby KL, Hammerschlag AR, Kaminski JA, Karlsson R, Krapohl E, Lam M, Nygaard M, Reynolds CA, Trampush JW, Young H, Zabaneh D, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Karlsson IK, Linnarsson S, Montgomery GW, Muñoz-Manchado AB, Quinlan EB, Schumann G, Skene NG, Webb BT, White T, Arking DE, Avramopoulos D, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Burdick KE, Cannon TD, Chiba-Falek O, Christoforou A, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Corvin A, Davies G, Deary IJ, DeRosse P, Dickinson D, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Conley ED, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Freimer NA, Giakoumaki S, Giegling I, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hariri AR, Hatzimanolis A, Keller MC, Knowles E, Koltai D, Konte B, Lahti J, Le Hellard S, Lencz T, Liewald DC, London E, Lundervold AJ, Malhotra AK, Melle I, Morris D, Need AC, Ollier W, Palotie A, Payton A, Pendleton N, Poldrack RA, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Roussos P, Rujescu D, Sabb FW, Scult MA, Smeland OB, Smyrnis N, Starr JM, Steen VM, Stefanis NC, Straub RE, Sundet K, Tiemeier H, Voineskos AN, Weinberger DR, Widen E, Yu J, Abecasis G, Andreassen OA, Breen G, Christiansen L, Debrabant B, Dick DM, Heinz A, Hjerling-Leffler J, Ikram MA, Kendler KS, Martin NG, Medland SE, Pedersen NL, Plomin R, Polderman TJC, Ripke S, van der Sluis S, Sullivan PF, Vrieze SI, Wright MJ, Posthuma D. Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence. Nat Genet 2018; 50:912-919. [PMID: 29942086 PMCID: PMC6411041 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intelligence is highly heritable1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being2. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence3-7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Stringer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mats Nagel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob A Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Krapohl
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Joey W Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Delilah Zabaneh
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana B Muñoz-Manchado
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erin B Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, MRC-SGDP Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan G Skene
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deborah Koltai
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition, and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research, and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology/School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jin Yu
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry and the Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tinca J C Polderman
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott I Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section of Complex Trait Genetics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nagel M, Jansen PR, Stringer S, Watanabe K, de Leeuw CA, Bryois J, Savage JE, Hammerschlag AR, Skene NG, Muñoz-Manchado AB, White T, Tiemeier H, Linnarsson S, Hjerling-Leffler J, Polderman TJC, Sullivan PF, van der Sluis S, Posthuma D. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism in 449,484 individuals identifies novel genetic loci and pathways. Nat Genet 2018; 50:920-927. [DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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