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Li D, Onodera S, Yu Q, Zhou J. The impact of alternate-day fasting on the salivary gland stem cell compartments in non-obese diabetic mice with newly established Sjögren's syndrome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119817. [PMID: 39159683 PMCID: PMC11368138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting exerts a profound beneficial influence on a spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including regulation of immune responses, elimination of senescent- and pathogenic cells and improvement of stem cell-based tissue regeneration in a disease- and tissue-dependent manner. Our previous study demonstrated that alternate-day fasting (ADF) led to alleviation of xerostomia and sialadenitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a well-defined model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This present study delved into the previously unexplored impacts of ADF in this disease setting and revealed that ADF increases the proportion of salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs), defined as the EpCAMhi cell population among the lineage marker negative submandibular gland (SMG) cells. Furthermore, ADF downregulated the expression of p16INK4a, a cellular senescence marker, which was concomitant with increased apoptosis and decreased expression and activity of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the SMGs, particularly in the SGSC-residing ductal compartments. RNA-sequencing analysis of purified SGSCs from NOD mice revealed that the significantly downregulated genes by ADF were mainly associated with sugar metabolism, amino acid biosynthetic process and MAPK signaling pathway, whereas the significantly upregulated genes related to fatty acid metabolic processes, among others. Collectively, these findings indicate that ADF increases the SGSC proportion, accompanied by a modulation of the SGSC property and a switch from sugar- to fatty acid-based metabolism. These findings lay the foundation for further investigation into the functionality of SGSCs influenced by ADF and shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which ADF exerts beneficial actions on salivary gland restoration in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shoko Onodera
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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2
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Coppes RP, van Dijk LV. Future of Team-based Basic and Translational Science in Radiation Oncology. Semin Radiat Oncol 2024; 34:370-378. [PMID: 39271272 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
To further optimize radiotherapy, a more personalized treatment towards individual patient's risk profiles, dissecting both patient-specific tumor and normal tissue response to multimodality treatments is needed. Novel developments in radiobiology, using in vitro patient-specific complex tissue resembling 3D models and multiomics approaches at a spatial single-cell level, may provide unprecedented insight into the radiation responses of tumors and normal tissue. Here, we describe the necessary team effort, including all disciplines in radiation oncology, to integrate such data into clinical prediction models and link the relatively "big data" from the clinical practice, allowing accurate patient stratification for personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Coppes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands..
| | - L V van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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3
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Nagesh PKB, Monette S, Shamu T, Giralt S, Jean SCS, Zhang Z, Fuks Z, Kolesnick R. Anti-ceramide Single-Chain Variable Fragment Mitigates Gastrointestinal-Acute Radiation Syndrome and Improves Marrow Reconstitution, Rendering Near-Normal 90-Day Autopsies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 120:558-569. [PMID: 37815783 PMCID: PMC10947531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After September 11, 2001, nuclear threat prompted government agencies to develop medical countermeasures to mitigate two syndromes, the hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) and the higher-dose gastrointestinal-acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS), both lethal within weeks. While repurposing leukemia drugs that enhance bone marrow repopulation successfully treats H-ARS, no mitigator potentially deliverable under mass casualty conditions preserves the GI tract. We recently reported that anti-ceramide single-chain variable fragment (scFv) mitigates GI-ARS lethality, abrogating ongoing small intestinal endothelial apoptosis to rescue Lgr5+ stem cells. Here, we examine long-term consequences of prevention of acute GI-ARS lethality. METHODS AND MATERIALS For these studies, C57BL/6J male mice were treated with 15 Gy whole body irradiation, the 90% GI-ARS lethal dose for this mouse strain. RESULTS Mice irradiated with 15 Gy alone or with 15 Gy + bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or anti-ceramide scFv, succumb to an ARS within 8 to 10 days. Autopsies reveal only mice receiving anti-ceramide scFv at 24 hours post-whole body irradiation display small intestinal rescue. No marrow reconstitution occurs in any group with attendant undetectable circulating blood elements. Mice receiving 15 Gy + BMT + scFv, however, normalize blood counts by day 12, suggesting that scFv also improves marrow reconstitution, a concept for which we provide experimental support. We show that at 14 Gy, the upper limit dose for H-ARS lethality before transition to GI-ARS lethality, anti-ceramide scFv markedly improves marrow take, reducing the quantity of marrow-conferring survival by more than 3-fold. Consistent with these findings, mice receiving 15 Gy + BMT + scFv exhibit prolonged survival. At day 90, before sacrifice, they display normal appearance, behavior, and serum biochemistries, and surprisingly, at full autopsy, near-normal physiology in all 42 tissues examined. CONCLUSIONS Anti-ceramide scFv mitigates GI-ARS lethality and improves marrow reconstitution rendering prolonged survival with near normal autopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sebastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tambudzai Shamu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergio Giralt
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Adult BMT Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha C St Jean
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Champalimaud Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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4
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Torres G, Salladay-Perez IA, Dhingra A, Covarrubias AJ. Genetic origins, regulators, and biomarkers of cellular senescence. Trends Genet 2024:S0168-9525(24)00184-7. [PMID: 39341687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the molecular biology and genetic origins of cellular senescence. We focus on various cellular stressors and pathways leading to senescence, including recent advances in the understanding of the genetic influences driving senescence, such as telomere attrition, chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, pathogens, oncogene activation, and cellular and metabolic stress. This review also highlights the complex interplay of various signaling and metabolic pathways involved in cellular senescence and provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases. Furthermore, this review outlines future research directions to deepen our understanding of senescence biology and develop effective interventions targeting senescent cells (SnCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasiela Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ivan A Salladay-Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anika Dhingra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Paz C, Glassey A, Frick A, Sattar S, Zaorsky NG, Blitzer GC, Kimple RJ. Cancer therapy-related salivary dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e182661. [PMID: 39225092 PMCID: PMC11364403 DOI: 10.1172/jci182661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction is a common side effect of cancer treatments. Salivary function plays key roles in critical daily activities. Consequently, changes in salivary function can profoundly impair quality of life for cancer patients. We discuss salivary gland anatomy and physiology to understand how anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy impair salivary function. We discuss approaches to quantify xerostomia in the clinic, including the advantages and limitations of validated quality-of-life instruments and approaches to directly measuring salivary function. Current and emerging approaches to treat cancer therapy-induced dry mouth are presented using radiation-induced salivary dysfunction as a model. Limitations of current sialagogues and salivary analogues are presented. Emerging approaches, including cellular and gene therapy and novel pharmacologic approaches, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Paz
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Annemarie Glassey
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abigail Frick
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah Sattar
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Zaorsky
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Grace C. Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Randall J. Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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6
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Yu J, Wang K, Tang Y, Zheng D. Applications and perspectives of tumor organoids in radiobiology (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:100. [PMID: 38904192 PMCID: PMC11223011 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy exhibits significant versatility and efficacy in cancer treatment, thereby playing a crucial role in the field of oncology. However, there remains an urgent need for extensive research on various aspects of radiotherapy, including target selection, damage repair and its combination with immunotherapy. Particularly, the development of in vitro models to replicate in vivo tumor lesion responses is vital. The present study provides a thorough review of the establishment and application of tumor organoids in radiotherapy, aiming to explore their potential impact on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Department of Hematology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617067, P.R. China
| | - Kailun Wang
- Emergency Department, Panshihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617067, P.R. China
| | - Yongjiang Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617067, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617067, P.R. China
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7
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Johnson AL, Elder SS, McKendrick JG, Hegarty LM, Mercer E, Emmerson E. A single dose of radiation elicits comparable acute salivary gland injury to fractionated radiation. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050733. [PMID: 39086326 PMCID: PMC11361643 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The salivary glands are often damaged during head and neck cancer radiotherapy. This results in chronic dry mouth, which adversely affects quality of life and for which there is no long-term cure. Mouse models of salivary gland injury are routinely used in regenerative research. However, there is no clear consensus on the radiation regime required to cause injury. Here, we analysed three regimes of γ-irradiation of the submandibular salivary gland. Transcriptional analysis, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry was used to profile DNA damage, gland architecture and immune cell changes 3 days after single doses of 10 or 15 Gy or three doses of 5 Gy. Irrespective of the regime, radiation induced comparable levels of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, loss of glandular architecture, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in tissue-resident macrophages, relative to those observed in non-irradiated submandibular glands. Given these data, coupled with the fact that repeated anaesthetic can negatively affect animal welfare and interfere with saliva secretion, we conclude that a single dose of 10 Gy irradiation is the most refined method of inducing acute salivary gland injury in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Johnson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sonia S. Elder
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - John G. McKendrick
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- The Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lizi M. Hegarty
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- The Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Ella Mercer
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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8
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Hou J, Feng Y, Yang Z, Ding Y, Cheng D, Shi Z, Li R, Xue L. Primary Sjögren's syndrome: new perspectives on salivary gland epithelial cells. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:371. [PMID: 39014509 PMCID: PMC11253495 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands such as the salivary glands, leading to impaired secretion and sicca symptoms. As the mainstay of salivation, salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have an important role in the pathology of pSS. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay between immunological factors and SGECs may not be the initial trigger or the sole mechanism responsible for xerostomia in pSS, challenging conventional perceptions. To deepen our understanding, current research regarding SGECs in pSS was reviewed. Among the extensive aberrations in cellular architecture and function, this review highlighted certain alterations of SGECs that were identified to occur independently of or in absence of lymphocytic infiltration. In particular, some of these alterations may serve as upstream factors of immuno-inflammatory responses. These findings underscore the significance of introspecting the pathogenesis of pSS and developing interventions targeting SGECs in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhixia Yang
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yimei Ding
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, 200 Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Rouxin Li
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Luan Xue
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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9
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Gunning J, Limesand K. Chronic Phenotypes Underlying Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Dysfunction. J Dent Res 2024; 103:778-786. [PMID: 38808518 PMCID: PMC11457961 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241252396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most diagnosed cancer, and treatment typically consists of surgical removal of the tumor followed by ionizing radiation (IR). While excellent at controlling tumor growth, IR often damages salivary glands due to their proximity to common tumor sites. Radiation damage to salivary glands results in loss of secretory function, causing severe and chronic reductions in salivary flow. This leads to the patient-reported sensation of dry mouth, termed xerostomia, which significantly reduces quality of life for HNC patients and survivors. The mechanisms underlying salivary gland damage remain elusive, and therefore, treatment options are scarce. Available therapies provide temporary symptom relief, but there is no standard of care for permanent restoration of function. There is a significant gap in understanding the chronic mechanistic responses to radiation as well as treatments that can be given in the months to years following cessation of treatment. HNC cases are steadily rising; particularly, the number of young patients diagnosed with nonfatal human papillomavirus + HNC continues to increase. The growing number of HNC diagnoses and improved prognoses results in more people living with xerostomia, which highlights the mounting need for restorative treatments. Mechanisms underlying chronic damage include decreases in acinar differentiation markers, increases in acinar cell proliferation, immune and inflammatory dysregulation, and metabolic changes including increases in amino acids and reductions in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, fibrosis, and dysregulated neuronal responses. Currently, promising treatment options include adenoviral gene transfers and stem cell therapy. Thus, this review describes in depth known mechanisms contributing to chronic damage and discusses therapeutic advances in treating chronically damaged glands. Understanding the chronic response to radiation offers potential in development of new therapeutics to reverse salivary gland damage and improve the quality of life of HNC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Gunning
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K.H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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10
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Terao R, Lee TJ, Colasanti J, Pfeifer CW, Lin JB, Santeford A, Hase K, Yamaguchi S, Du D, Sohn BS, Sasaki Y, Yoshida M, Apte RS. LXR/CD38 activation drives cholesterol-induced macrophage senescence and neurodegeneration via NAD + depletion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114102. [PMID: 38636518 PMCID: PMC11223747 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although dysregulated cholesterol metabolism predisposes aging tissues to inflammation and a plethora of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we show that metabolic and genotoxic stresses, convergently acting through liver X nuclear receptor, upregulate CD38 to promote lysosomal cholesterol efflux, leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion in macrophages. Cholesterol-mediated NAD+ depletion induces macrophage senescence, promoting key features of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including subretinal lipid deposition and neurodegeneration. NAD+ augmentation reverses cellular senescence and macrophage dysfunction, preventing the development of AMD phenotype. Genetic and pharmacological senolysis protect against the development of AMD and neurodegeneration. Subretinal administration of healthy macrophages promotes the clearance of senescent macrophages, reversing the AMD disease burden. Thus, NAD+ deficit induced by excess intracellular cholesterol is the converging mechanism of macrophage senescence and a causal process underlying age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tae Jun Lee
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Colasanti
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles W Pfeifer
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph B Lin
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Santeford
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keitaro Hase
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Du
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian S Sohn
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yo Sasaki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitsukuni Yoshida
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rajendra S Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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11
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Mori JO, Elhussin I, Brennen WN, Graham MK, Lotan TL, Yates CC, De Marzo AM, Denmeade SR, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, Denis GV, Platz EA, Meeker AK, Heaphy CM. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of senescent stromal fibroblasts in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:258-273. [PMID: 37907729 PMCID: PMC11058122 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The stromal component of the tumour microenvironment in primary and metastatic prostate cancer can influence and promote disease progression. Within the prostatic stroma, fibroblasts are one of the most prevalent cell types associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions; they have a vital role in the structural composition, organization and integrity of the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts within the tumour microenvironment can undergo cellular senescence, which is a stable arrest of cell growth and a phenomenon that is emerging as a recognized hallmark of cancer. Supporting the idea that cellular senescence has a pro-tumorigenic role, a subset of senescent cells exhibits a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which, along with increased inflammation, can promote prostate cancer cell growth and survival. These cellular characteristics make targeting senescent cells and/or modulating SASP attractive as a potential preventive or therapeutic option for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakin O Mori
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy K Graham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald V Denis
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Jin P, Duan X, Li L, Zhou P, Zou C, Xie K. Cellular senescence in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e542. [PMID: 38660685 PMCID: PMC11042538 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging exhibits several hallmarks in common with cancer, such as cellular senescence, dysbiosis, inflammation, genomic instability, and epigenetic changes. In recent decades, research into the role of cellular senescence on tumor progression has received widespread attention. While how senescence limits the course of cancer is well established, senescence has also been found to promote certain malignant phenotypes. The tumor-promoting effect of senescence is mainly elicited by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which facilitates the interaction of senescent tumor cells with their surroundings. Targeting senescent cells therefore offers a promising technique for cancer therapy. Drugs that pharmacologically restore the normal function of senescent cells or eliminate them would assist in reestablishing homeostasis of cell signaling. Here, we describe cell senescence, its occurrence, phenotype, and impact on tumor biology. A "one-two-punch" therapeutic strategy in which cancer cell senescence is first induced, followed by the use of senotherapeutics for eliminating the senescent cells is introduced. The advances in the application of senotherapeutics for targeting senescent cells to assist cancer treatment are outlined, with an emphasis on drug categories, and the strategies for their screening, design, and efficient targeting. This work will foster a thorough comprehension and encourage additional research within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xirui Duan
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
| | - Cheng‐Gang Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio‐Resources in Yunnan, School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of OncologySchool of MedicineSichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuanChina
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13
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Muñoz Forti K, Weisman GA, Jasmer KJ. Cell type-specific transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in the regulation of salivary gland fibrosis and regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:257-272. [PMID: 38559587 PMCID: PMC10979288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland damage and hypofunction result from various disorders, including autoimmune Sjögren's disease (SjD) and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), as well as a side effect of radiotherapy for treating head and neck cancers. There are no therapeutic strategies to prevent the loss of salivary gland function in these disorders nor facilitate functional salivary gland regeneration. However, ongoing aquaporin-1 gene therapy trials to restore saliva flow show promise. To identify and develop novel therapeutic targets, we must better understand the cell-specific signaling processes involved in salivary gland regeneration. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential to tissue fibrosis, a major endpoint in salivary gland degeneration, which develops in the salivary glands of patients with SjD, IgG4-RD, and radiation-induced damage. Though the deposition and remodeling of extracellular matrix proteins are essential to repair salivary gland damage, pathological fibrosis results in tissue hardening and chronic salivary gland dysfunction orchestrated by multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, stromal cells, and lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cell populations. This review is focused on the role of TGF-β signaling in the development of salivary gland fibrosis and the potential for targeting TGF-β as a novel therapeutic approach to regenerate functional salivary glands. The studies presented highlight the divergent roles of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland development and dysfunction and illuminate specific cell populations in damaged or diseased salivary glands that mediate the effects of TGF-β. Overall, these studies strongly support the premise that blocking TGF-β signaling holds promise for the regeneration of functional salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, United States
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14
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Nelson DA, Kazanjian I, Melendez JA, Larsen M. Senescence and fibrosis in salivary gland aging and disease. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:231-237. [PMID: 38516126 PMCID: PMC10951459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction is highly prevalent in aged and diseased individuals leading to significant discomfort and morbidity. One factor that contributes to salivary gland hypofunction is cellular aging, or senescence. Senescent cells can impair gland function by secreting paracrine-acting growth factors and cytokines, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. These SASP factors stimulate inflammation, propagate the senescent phenotype through the bystander effect, and stimulate fibrosis. As senotherapeutics that target senescent cells have shown effectiveness in limiting disease manifestations in other conditions, there is interest in the use of these drugs to treat salivary gland hypofunction. In this review, we highlight the contribution of senescence and fibrosis to salivary gland pathologies. We also discuss therapeutic approaches to eliminate or modulate the senescent SASP phenotype for treating age-related salivary gland diseases and extending health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Isabella Kazanjian
- Department of Educational Theory and Practice, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J. Andres Melendez
- College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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15
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Kuipers ME, van Doorn-Wink KCJ, Hiemstra PS, Slats AM. Predicting Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in Patients With Lung Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:639-649. [PMID: 37924986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the main dose-limiting toxicities in radiation therapy (RT) for lung cancer. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients show signs of RILI of variable severity. The reason for the wide range of RILI severity and the mechanisms underlying its development are only partially understood. A number of clinical risk factors have been identified that can aid in clinical decision making. Technological advancements in RT and the use of strict organ-at-risk dose constraints have helped to reduce RILI. Predicting patients at risk for RILI may be further improved with a combination of cytokine assessments, γH2AX-assays in leukocytes, or epigenetic markers. A complicating factor is the lack of an objective definition of RILI. Tools such as computed tomography densitometry, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography uptake, changes in lung function measurements, and exhaled breath analysis can be implemented to better define and quantify RILI. This can aid in the search for new biomarkers, which can be accelerated by omics techniques, single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and advances in patient-specific in vitro cell culture models. An objective quantification of RILI combined with these novel techniques can aid in the development of biomarkers to better predict patients at risk and allow personalized treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian E Kuipers
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies M Slats
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Kameni LE, Januszyk M, Berry CE, Downer MA, Parker JB, Morgan AG, Valencia C, Griffin M, Li DJ, Liang NE, Momeni A, Longaker MT, Wan DC. A Review of Radiation-Induced Vascular Injury and Clinical Impact. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 92:181-185. [PMID: 37962260 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000003723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The number of cancer survivors continues to increase because of advances in therapeutic modalities. Along with surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment modality in roughly half of all cancer patients. It is particularly helpful in the oncologic treatment of patients with breast, head and neck, and prostate malignancies. Unfortunately, among patients receiving radiation therapy, long-term sequalae are often unavoidable, and there is accumulating clinical evidence suggesting significant radiation-related damage to the vascular endothelium. Ionizing radiation has been known to cause obliterative fibrosis and increased wall thickness in irradiated blood vessels. Clinically, these vascular changes induced by ionizing radiation can pose unique surgical challenges when operating in radiated fields. Here, we review the relevant literature on radiation-induced vascular damage focusing on mechanisms and signaling pathways involved and highlight microsurgical anastomotic outcomes after radiotherapy. In addition, we briefly comment on potential therapeutic strategies, which may have the ability to mitigate radiation injury to the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel E Kameni
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Mauricio A Downer
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jennifer B Parker
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Annah G Morgan
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Caleb Valencia
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dayan J Li
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Norah E Liang
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Arash Momeni
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Derrick C Wan
- From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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17
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Gonzalez-Meljem JM, Martinez-Barbera JP. Implications of cellular senescence in paediatric pituitary tumours. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104905. [PMID: 38043401 PMCID: PMC10730348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-standing view of senescent cells as passive and dysfunctional biological remnants has recently shifted into a new paradigm where they are main players in the development of many diseases, including cancer. The senescence programme represents a first line of defence that prevents tumour cell growth but also leads to the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory and pro-tumourigenic factors that fuel tumour initiation, growth, and progression. Here, we review the main molecular features and biological functions of senescent cells in cancer, including the outcomes of inducing or targeting senescence. We discuss evidence on the role of cellular senescence in pituitary tumours, with an emphasis on adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and pituitary adenomas. Although senescence has been proposed to be a tumour-preventing mechanism in pituitary adenomas, research in ACP has shown that senescent cells are tumour-promoting in both murine models and human tumours. Future studies characterizing the impact of targeting senescent cells may result in novel therapies against pituitary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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18
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Soto-Gamez A, van Es M, Hageman E, Serna-Salas SA, Moshage H, Demaria M, Pringle S, Coppes RP. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived HGF attenuates radiation-induced senescence in salivary glands via compensatory proliferation. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:109984. [PMID: 37926332 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Irradiation of the salivary glands during head and neck cancer treatment induces cellular senescence in response to DNA damage and contributes to radiation-induced hyposalivation by affecting the salivary gland stem/progenitor cell (SGSC) niche. Cellular senescence, such as that induced by radiation, is a state of cell-cycle arrest, accompanied by an altered pro-inflammatory secretome known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with potential detrimental effects on the surrounding microenvironment. We hypothesized that the pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may attenuate cellular senescence post-irradiation. Therefore, here we evaluated the effects of adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) on the radiation-induced response of salivary gland organoids (SGOs). METHODS Proteomic analyses to identify soluble mediators released by ADSCs co-cultured with SGOS revealed secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in ADSCs, suggesting a possible role in the stem cell crosstalk. Next, the effect of recombinant HGF in the culture media of ex vivo grown salivary gland cells was tested in 2D monolayers and 3D organoid models. RESULTS Treatment with HGF robustly increased salivary gland cell proliferation. Importantly, HGF supplementation post-irradiation enhanced proliferation at lower doses of radiation (0, 3, 7 Gy), but not at higher doses (10, 14 Gy) where most cells stained positive for senescence-associated beta-galactosidase. Furthermore, HGF had no effect on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of irradiated SGOs, suggesting there may be compensatory proliferation by cell-division competent cells instead of a reversal of cellular senescence after irradiation. CONCLUSION ADSCs may positively influence radiation recovery through HGF secretion and can promote the ex vivo expansion of salivary gland stem/progenitor cells to enhance the effects of co-transplanted SGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soto-Gamez
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M van Es
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Hageman
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S A Serna-Salas
- Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Moshage
- Dept of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Pringle
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - R P Coppes
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands; Dept. of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen (RUG) and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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19
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Cinat D, Souza ALD, Soto-Gamez A, Jellema-de Bruin AL, Coppes RP, Barazzuol L. Mitophagy induction improves salivary gland stem/progenitor cell function by reducing senescence after irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2024; 190:110028. [PMID: 38007043 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer often experience a decline in their quality of life due to the co-irradiation of salivary glands. Radiation-induced cellular senescence is a key factor contributing to salivary gland dysfunction. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence have been reported to be strongly interconnected and thus implicated in several aging-related diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in senescence induction in salivary gland stem/progenitor cells after irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dose of 7 Gy photons was used to irradiate mouse salivary gland organoids. Senescent markers and mitochondrial function were assessed using rt-qPCR, western blot analysis, SA-β-Gal staining and flow cytometry analysis. Mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins were detected by western blot analysis while Mdivi-1 and MFI8 were used to modulate the mitochondrial fission process. To induce mitophagy, organoids were treated with Urolithin A and PMI and subsequently stem/progenitor cell self-renewal capacity was assessed as organoid forming efficiency. RESULTS Irradiation led to increased senescence and accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This was accompanied by a strong downregulation of mitochondrial fission-related proteins and mitophagy-related genes. After irradiation, treatment with the mitophagy inducer Urolithin A attenuated the senescent phenotype and improved organoid growth and stem/progenitor cell self-renewal capacity. CONCLUSION This study shows the important interplay between senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction after irradiation. Importantly, activation of mitophagy improved salivary gland stem/progenitor cell function thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy to restore the regenerative capacity of salivary glands following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Lena De Souza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Abel Soto-Gamez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne L Jellema-de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Section of Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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20
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Kim S, Kim JM, Jeon EJ, Kim JW, Choi ME, Park JM, Choi JS. Supernatant of activated platelet-rich plasma rejuvenated aging-induced hyposalivation in mouse. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21242. [PMID: 38040732 PMCID: PMC10692196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation is a common complaint among the elderly, but no established treatment prevents age-induced hyposalivation. Platelet derivatives such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF), are used widely in different areas of regenerative medicine to enhance the wound healing processes. This study examined whether the local injection of the supernatant of activated PRP (saPRP) into the salivary gland (SG) could help prevent aging-induced SG dysfunction and explored the mechanisms responsible for the protective effects on the SG hypofunction. The platelets were separated from the blood of male SD rats (220 ± 20 g). saPRP was manufactured by removing the fibrin clot after activating platelet with calcium ionophore 10 μM (A23187). The total protein and TGF-β1 levels were significantly higher in saPRP than in PRP. Human salivary gland epithelial cell(hSGEC) was treated with saPRP or PRP after senescence through irradiation. The significant proliferation of hSGEC was observed in saPRP treated group compared to irradiation only group and irradiation + PRP group. Cellular senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation significantly reduced in saPRP group. The SG function and structural tissue remodeling by the saPRP were investigated with naturally aged mice. The mice were divided into three groups: 3 months old (3 M), 22 months old (22 M), and 22 months old treated with saPRP (22 M + saPRP). Salivary flow rate and lag time were significantly improved in 22 M + saPRP group compared to 22 M group. The histologic examinations showed the significant proliferation of acinar cell in 22 M + saPRP group. The decrease of senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation observed by western blot in 22 M + saPRP group. The saPRP induced the proliferation of hSGECs, leading to a significant decrease in cellular senescence via decrease inflammation and apoptosis, in vitro. Moreover, the acini cells of the salivary gland were regenerated, and the salivary function increased in aged mice. These results showed that saPRP could be a treatment agent against aging-induced SG dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungryeal Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Eun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuholgu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Strojan P, Plavc G, Kokalj M, Mitrovic G, Blatnik O, Lezaic L, Socan A, Bavec A, Tesic N, Hartman K, Svajger U. Post-radiation xerostomia therapy with allogeneic mesenchymal stromal stem cells in patients with head and neck cancer: study protocol for phase I clinical trial. Radiol Oncol 2023; 57:538-549. [PMID: 38038413 PMCID: PMC10690747 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2023-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xerostomia is a common side effect of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors that negatively affects quality of life. There is no known effective standard treatment for xerostomia. Here, we present the study protocol used to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) derived from umbilical cord tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten oropharyngeal cancer patients with post-radiation xerostomia and no evidence of disease recurrence 2 or more years after (chemo)irradiation (intervention group) and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) will be enrolled in this nonrandomized, open-label, phase I exploratory study. MSCs from umbilical cord tissue will be inserted under ultrasound guidance into both parotid glands and both submandibular glands of the patients. Toxicity of the procedure will be assessed according to CTCAE v5.0 criteria at days 0, 1, 5, 28, and 120. Efficacy will be assessed by measuring salivary flow and analyzing its composition, scintigraphic evaluation of MSC grafting, retention, and migration, and questionnaires measuring subjective xerostomia and quality of life. In addition, the radiological, functional, and morphological characteristics of the salivary tissue will be assessed before, at 4 weeks, and at 4 months after the procedure. In the control group subjects, only salivary flow rate and salivary composition will be determined. DISCUSSION The use of allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord tissue represents an innovative approach for the treatment of xerostomia after radiation. Due to the noninvasive collection procedure, flexibility of cryobanking, and biological advantages, xerostomia therapy using allogeneic MSCs from umbilical cord tissue may have an advantage over other similar therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primoz Strojan
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gaber Plavc
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kokalj
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Olga Blatnik
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Lezaic
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaz Socan
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljosa Bavec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Tesic
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Urban Svajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Extracellular matrix turnover in salivary gland disorders and regenerative therapies: Obstacles and opportunities. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:693-703. [PMID: 37719063 PMCID: PMC10502366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) extracellular matrix (ECM) has a major influence on tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration after injury. During aging, disease, and physical insult, normal remodeling of the SG microenvironment (i.e. ECM) becomes dysregulated, leading to alterations in matrix composition which disrupt tissue architecture/structure, alter cell activity, and negatively impact gland function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large and diverse family of metalloendopeptidases which play a major role in matrix degradation and are intimately involved in regulating development and cell function; dysregulation of these enzymes leads to the production of a fibrotic matrix. In the SG this altered fibrotic ECM (or cell microenvironment) negatively impacts normal cell function and the effectiveness of gene and stem cell therapies which serve as a foundation for many SG regenerative therapies. For this reason, prospective regenerative strategies should prioritize the maintenance and/or restoration of a healthy SG ECM. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for mitigating damage to the SG microenvironment by ameliorating inflammation, reducing fibrosis, and repairing the damaged milieu of extracellular regulatory cues, including the matrix. This review addresses our current understanding of the impact of aging and disease on the SG microenvironment and suggests critical deficiencies and opportunities in ECM-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - Olivia N. Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
| | - David D. Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229-4404, USA
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23
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Zlygosteva O, Juvkam IS, Aass HCD, Galtung HK, Søland TM, Malinen E, Edin NFJ. Cytokine Levels in Saliva Are Associated with Salivary Gland Fibrosis and Hyposalivation in Mice after Fractionated Radiotherapy of the Head and Neck. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15218. [PMID: 37894899 PMCID: PMC10607825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are mediators of inflammation that could lead to fibrosis. The aim was to monitor cytokine levels in saliva and serum after locally fractionated radiotherapy of the head and neck in mice and investigate associations with salivary gland fibrosis and hyposalivation. C57BL/6 mice were randomized to sham or X-ray irradiation of 66 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days. Blood and saliva were collected on days -7, 5, 35, 80, and 105 following cytokine analysis. The harvested submandibular salivary gland was assessed for the presence of fibrosis. Decision tree regression analysis was used to investigate whether cytokine levels could predict late endpoints in terms of hyposalivation or fibrosis. Significant formation of fibrosis in gland tissue and reduced saliva production was found after irradiation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, TNF, TIMP1, G-CSF, KC, and MIP-1α showed increased levels in saliva in irradiated mice and a strong correlation with late endpoints. The decision tree analysis largely separated controls from irradiated animals, with IL-1α being the strongest predictor. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva, but not in serum, were associated with late endpoints. This indicates that cytokine expression in saliva is a good biomarker for local salivary gland damage with IL-1α as the strongest single predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zlygosteva
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (O.Z.); (E.M.)
| | - Inga Solgård Juvkam
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (I.S.J.); (H.K.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Hans Christian D. Aass
- The Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (I.S.J.); (H.K.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Tine M. Søland
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (I.S.J.); (H.K.G.); (T.M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (O.Z.); (E.M.)
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina F. J. Edin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; (O.Z.); (E.M.)
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24
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Niklander SE, Aránguiz P, Faunes F, Martínez-Flores R. Aging and oral squamous cell carcinoma development: the role of cellular senescence. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1285276. [PMID: 37904749 PMCID: PMC10613501 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gradual accumulation and inadequate renewal of senescent cells over time drive organismal aging. Senescent cells undergo altered gene expression and release inflammatory mediators collectively termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which significantly contributes to a spectrum of age-related disorders, including cancer. In the context of carcinogenesis, the SASP produced by senescent cells has been implicated in the promotion of epithelial cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer. Senescent cells within the tumor microenvironment release factors that amplify the growth and invasiveness of neighboring cancer cells. Senotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, emerge as promising modalities to target senescent cells and their associated inflammatory factors, thereby opening novel avenues for augmenting the efficacy of cancer treatments. Here, we review the general aspects of cellular senescence, focusing on the relation between senescence-related inflammation with cancer development. We also analyze the available evidence linking cellular senescence with OSCC, highlighting possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eric Niklander
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Fernando Faunes
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - René Martínez-Flores
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
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25
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DeLouise L, Piraino L, Chen CY, Mereness J, Dunman P, Benoit D, Ovitt C. Identifying novel radioprotective drugs via salivary gland tissue chip screening. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3246405. [PMID: 37790388 PMCID: PMC10543286 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3246405/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
During head and neck cancer treatment, off-target ionizing radiation damage to the salivary glands commonly causes a permanent loss of secretory function. Due to the resulting decrease in saliva production, patients have trouble eating, speaking and are predisposed to oral infections and tooth decay. While the radioprotective antioxidant drug Amifostine is FDA approved to prevent radiation-induced hyposalivation, it has intolerable side effects that limit its use, motivating the discovery of alternative therapeutics. To address this issue, we previously developed a salivary gland mimetic (SGm) tissue chip platform. Here, we leverage this SGm tissue chip for high-content drug discovery. First, we developed in-chip assays to quantify glutathione and cellular senescence (β-galactosidase), which are biomarkers of radiation damage, and we validated radioprotection using WR-1065, the active form of Amifostine. Other reported radioprotective drugs including Edaravone, Tempol, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Rapamycin, Ex-Rad, and Palifermin were also tested to validate the ability of the assays to detect cell damage and radioprotection. All of the drugs except NAC and Ex-Rad exhibited robust radioprotection. Next, a Selleck Chemicals library of 438 FDA-approved drugs was screened for radioprotection. We discovered 25 hits, with most of the drugs identified exhibiting mechanisms of action other than antioxidant activity. Hits were down-selected using EC50 values and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data from the PubChem database. This led us to test Phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), Enoxacin (antibiotic), and Doripenem (antibiotic) for in vivo radioprotection in mice using retroductal injections. Results confirm that Phenylbutazone and Enoxacin exhibited radioprotection equivalent to Amifostine. This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a SGm tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful in vitro discovery and in vivo validation of novel radioprotective drugs with non-antioxidant primary indications pointing to possible, yet unknown novel mechanisms of radioprotection.
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26
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Trada Y, Lee MT, Jameson MG, Chlap P, Keall P, Moses D, Lin P, Fowler A. Mid-treatment 18F-FDG PET imaging changes in parotid gland correlates to radiation-induced xerostomia. Radiother Oncol 2023; 186:109745. [PMID: 37330056 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure functional changes in parotid glands using mid-treatment FDG-PET/CT and correlate early imaging changes to subsequent xerostomia in mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 patients from two prospective imaging biomarker studies underwent FDG-PET/CT at baseline and during radiotherapy (week 3). Both parotid glands were volumetrically delineated at each time point. PET parameter SUVmedian were calculated for ipsilateral and contralateral parotid glands. Absolute and relative change (Δ) in SUVmedian were correlated to moderate-severe xerostomia (CTCAE grade ≥ 2) at 6 months. Four predictive models were subsequently created using multivariate logistic regression using clinical and radiotherapy planning parameters. Model performance was calculated using ROC analysis and compared using Akaike information criterion (AIC) RESULTS: 29 patients (51.8%) developed grade ≥ 2 xerostomia. Compared to baseline, there was an increase in SUVmedian at week 3 in ipsilateral (8.4%) and contralateral (5.5%) parotid glands. Increase in ipsilateral parotid Δ SUVmedian (p = 0.04) and contralateral mean parotid dose (p = 0.04) were correlated to xerostomia. The reference 'clinical' model correlated to xerostomia (AUC 0.667, AIC 70.9). Addition of ipsilateral parotid Δ SUVmedian to the clinical model resulted in the highest correlation to xerostomia (AUC 0.777, AIC 65.4). CONCLUSION Our study shows functional changes occurring in the parotid gland early during radiotherapy. We demonstrate that integration of baseline and mid-treatment FDG-PET/CT changes in the parotid gland with clinical factors has the potential to improve xerostomia risk prediction which could be utilised for personalised head and neck radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvnik Trada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mark T Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; South Western Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael G Jameson
- GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Chlap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; South Western Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Keall
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Image X Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Moses
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Lin
- South Western Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Allan Fowler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; South Western Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
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27
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Piraino L, Chen CY, Mereness J, Dunman PM, Ovitt C, Benoit D, DeLouise L. Identifying novel radioprotective drugs via salivary gland tissue chip screening. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548707. [PMID: 37503292 PMCID: PMC10369976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
During head and neck cancer treatment, off-target ionizing radiation damage to the salivary glands commonly causes a permanent loss of secretory function. Due to the resulting decrease in saliva production, patients have trouble eating, speaking and are predisposed to oral infections and tooth decay. While the radioprotective antioxidant drug Amifostine is approved to prevent radiation-induced hyposalivation, it has intolerable side effects that limit its use, motivating the discovery of alternative therapeutics. To address this issue, we previously developed a salivary gland mimetic (SGm) tissue chip platform. Here, we leverage this SGm tissue chip for high-content drug discovery. First, we developed in-chip assays to quantify glutathione and cellular senescence (β-galactosidase), which are biomarkers of radiation damage, and we validated radioprotection using WR-1065, the active form of Amifostine. Following validation, we tested other reported radioprotective drugs, including, Edaravone, Tempol, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Rapamycin, Ex-Rad, and Palifermin, confirming that all drugs but NAC and Ex-Rad exhibited robust radioprotection. Next, a Selleck Chemicals library of 438 FDA-approved drugs was screened for radioprotection. We discovered 25 hits, with most of the drugs identified with mechanisms of action other than antioxidant activity. Hits were down-selected using EC 50 values and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data from the PubChem database leading to testing of Phenylbutazone (anti-inflammatory), Enoxacin (antibiotic), and Doripenem (antibiotic) for in vivo radioprotection in mice using retroductal injections. Results confirm that Phenylbutazone and Enoxacin exhibited equivalent radioprotection to Amifostine. This body of work demonstrates the development and validation of assays using a SGm tissue chip platform for high-content drug screening and the successful in vitro discovery and in vivo validation of novel radioprotective drugs with nonantioxidant primary indications pointing to possible, yet unknown novel mechanisms of radioprotection.
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28
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 37165024 PMCID: PMC10172302 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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29
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Takasugi M, Yoshida Y, Hara E, Ohtani N. The role of cellular senescence and SASP in tumour microenvironment. FEBS J 2023; 290:1348-1361. [PMID: 35106956 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence refers to a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that can be induced by various cellular stresses and is known to play a pivotal role in tumour suppression. While senescence-associated growth arrest can inhibit the proliferation of cancer-prone cells, the altered secretory profile of senescent cells, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, can contribute to the microenvironment that promotes tumour development. Although the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and its effects on tumorigenesis are both highly context dependent, mechanisms underlying such diversity are becoming better understood, thereby allowing the creation of new strategies to effectively target the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and senescent cells for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype to develop a structural understanding of their roles in the tumour microenvironment and provide perspectives for future research, including the possibility of senotherapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshida
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Eiji Hara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Klapp V, Bloy N, Petroni G, De Martino M. Quantification of beta-galactosidase activity as a marker of radiation-driven cellular senescence. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 174:113-126. [PMID: 36710045 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by different stressors, including cancer treatments (the so-called "therapy-induced senescence"), such as radiation therapy (RT). Although senescent cells do not proliferate, they remain metabolically active and play a critical role in tumor progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. Therefore, investigating the induction of cellular senescence upon RT treatment is a critical read out for investigating RT efficacy or combinatorial strategies in cancer research. Senescent cells are characterized by a plethora of markers, including an increased content and activity of lysosomes, which can be detected by the activity of the lysosomal enzyme senescence-associated β-galactosidase. In this chapter, we present a protocol for the gold standard cytochemical method for quantification of the activity of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase in irradiated murine breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Klapp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Norma Bloy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mara De Martino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
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31
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Li J, Sudiwala S, Berthoin L, Mohabbat S, Gaylord EA, Sinada H, Cruz Pacheco N, Chang JC, Jeon O, Lombaert IM, May AJ, Alsberg E, Bahney CS, Knox SM. Long-term functional regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary glands through delivery of a neurogenic hydrogel. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc8753. [PMID: 36542703 PMCID: PMC9770982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland acinar cells are severely depleted after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, leading to loss of saliva and extensive oro-digestive complications. With no regenerative therapies available, organ dysfunction is irreversible. Here, using the adult murine system, we demonstrate that radiation-damaged salivary glands can be functionally regenerated via sustained delivery of the neurogenic muscarinic receptor agonist cevimeline. We show that endogenous gland repair coincides with increased nerve activity and acinar cell division that is limited to the first week after radiation, with extensive acinar cell degeneration, dysfunction, and cholinergic denervation occurring thereafter. However, we found that mimicking cholinergic muscarinic input via sustained local delivery of a cevimeline-alginate hydrogel was sufficient to regenerate innervated acini and retain physiological saliva secretion at nonirradiated levels over the long term (>3 months). Thus, we reveal a previously unknown regenerative approach for restoring epithelial organ structure and function that has extensive implications for human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Li
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Sudiwala
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Berthoin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seayar Mohabbat
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliza A. Gaylord
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hanan Sinada
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noel Cruz Pacheco
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiun Chiun Chang
- Orthopedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabelle M.A. Lombaert
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alison J. May
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Departments of Orthopedics, Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chelsea S. Bahney
- Orthopedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Choi JY, Yee SF, Tchangalova T, Yang G, Fisher JP. Recent Advances in Senotherapeutics Delivery. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1223-1234. [PMID: 35451328 PMCID: PMC9805860 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) in various tissue types has been connected to an occurrence of different age-related diseases that are indicated by its own tissue-specific hallmarks. Discovery of novel senolytic compounds that target major cellular mechanisms to inhibit the level of SnCs within the specific tissues or organs has been an emerging field in the age-related disease research. Although the positive effect of senolytics in global suppression of SnCs has been well studied in the past, effective tissue-specific delivery strategy of senotherapeutics before clinical application needs to be further investigated. In this review, we discuss the latest biological insights to currently available senotherapeutic options and explore the impactful in vitro tissue-engineered models possibly as a testbed for replicable testing of tissue-specific potency of senolytics. Impact statement Senotherapy, the inhibition of accumulated senescent cells, is recognized as a significantly impactful way to treat various human diseases. However, there is limited comprehensive reviews on this topic. This review provides in-depth discussion on diverse delivery strategies of senolytic agents and latest updates on a novel senotherapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Choi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- NIBIB/NIH Center of Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha F. Yee
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Tzvetelina Tchangalova
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - John P. Fisher
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Laboratory, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- NIBIB/NIH Center of Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Radiotherapy Side Effects: Comprehensive Proteomic Study Unraveled Neural Stem Cell Degenerative Differentiation upon Ionizing Radiation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121759. [PMID: 36551187 PMCID: PMC9775306 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial radiation therapy is one of the most effective treatments for childhood brain cancers. Despite the ameliorated survival rate of juvenile patients, radiation exposure-induced brain neurogenic region injury could markedly impair patients' cognitive functions and even their quality of life. Determining the mechanism underlying neural stem cells (NSCs) response to irradiation stress is a crucial therapeutic strategy for cognitive impairment. The present study demonstrated that X-ray irradiation arrested NSCs' cell cycle and impacted cell differentiation. To further characterize irradiation-induced molecular alterations in NSCs, two-dimensional high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics analyses were conducted to explore the mechanism underlying ionizing radiation's influence on stem cell differentiation. We observed that ionizing radiation suppressed intracellular protein transport, neuron projection development, etc., particularly in differentiated cells. Redox proteomics was performed for the quantification of cysteine thiol modifications in order to profile the oxidation-reduction status of proteins in stem cells that underwent ionizing radiation treatment. Via conjoint screening of protein expression abundance and redox status datasets, several significantly expressed and oxidized proteins were identified in differentiating NSCs subjected to X-ray irradiation. Among these proteins, succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial (sdha) and the acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial (Ndufab1) were highly related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, illustrating the dual-character of NSCs in cell differentiation: following exposure to ionizing radiation, the normal differentiation of NSCs was compromised, and the upregulated oxidized proteins implied a degenerative differentiation trajectory. These findings could be integrated into research on neurodegenerative diseases and future preventive strategies.
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Can 3D bioprinting solve the mystery of senescence in cancer therapy? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101732. [PMID: 36100069 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor dormancy leading to cancer relapse is still a poorly understood mechanism. Several cell states such as quiescence and diapause can explain the persistence of tumor cells in a dormant state, but the potential role of tumor cell senescence has been met with hesitance given the historical understanding of the senescent growth arrest as irreversible. However, recent evidence has suggested that senescence might contribute to dormancy and relapse, although its exact role is not fully developed. This limited understanding is largely due to the paucity of reliable study models. The current 2D cell modeling is overly simplistic and lacks the appropriate representation of the interactions between tumor cells (senescent or non-senescent) and the other cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as with the extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D cell culture models, including 3D bioprinting techniques, offer a promising approach to better recapitulate the native cancer microenvironment and would significantly improve our understanding of cancer biology and cellular response to treatment, particularly Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), and its contribution to tumor dormancy and cancer recurrence. Fabricating a novel 3D bioprinted model offers excellent opportunities to investigate both the role of TIS in tumor dormancy and the utility of senolytics (drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells) in targeting dormant cancer cells and mitigating the risk for resurgence. In this review, we discuss literature on the possible contribution of TIS in tumor dormancy, provide examples on the current 3D models of senescence, and propose a novel 3D model to investigate the ultimate role of TIS in mediating overall response to therapy.
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A novel KU70-mutant human leukemic cell line generated using CRISPR-Cas9 shows increased sensitivity to DSB inducing agents and reduced NHEJ activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130246. [PMID: 36162731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
KU70 (XRCC6 gene in humans) is one of the proteins in the KU70-KU80 heterodimer which is the first component recruited to broken DNA ends during DNA double-strand break repair through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Previous studies have shown that Ku70 deficient mouse cells are defective in NHEJ and V(D)J recombination. In contrast, heterozygous KU70 mutant human cell lines did not show any significant change in cell viability and sensitivity towards ionizing radiation. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technique to generate a KU70 mutant (heterozygous) human pre-B leukemic cell line (N6-KU70-2-DG). We observed that the N6-KU70-2-DG cells showed a prominent reduction in the expression of both KU70 mRNA and protein. The mutant cells showed reduced cell viability, increased sensitivity to DSB inducing agents such as ionizing radiation (IR) and etoposide, and increased number of unrepaired DSBs after exposure to IR. In addition, the mutant cells showed a reduction in the NHEJ activity and increased rate of microhomology mediated joining (MMEJ) activity. KU70 mutant cells also revealed enhanced level of senescence markers following irradiation. Thus, we report a novel KU70-mutant leukemic cell line (heterozygous) with reduced NHEJ, which is sensitive to DNA damaging agents, unlike the previously reported other KU heterozygous mutant cell lines.
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Tan Z, Wang L, Li X. Composition and regulation of the immune microenvironment of salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:967304. [PMID: 36177010 PMCID: PMC9513852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction and inflammation. Patients often have dry mouth and dry eye symptoms, which seriously affect their lives. Improving dry mouth and eye symptoms has become a common demand from patients. For this reason, researchers have conducted many studies on external secretory glands. In this paper, we summarize recent studies on the salivary glands of pSS patients from the perspective of the immune microenvironment. These studies showed that hypoxia, senescence, and chronic inflammation are the essential characteristics of the salivary gland immune microenvironment. In the SG of pSS, genes related to lymphocyte chemotaxis, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation are upregulated. Interferon (IFN)-related genes, DNA methylation, sRNA downregulation, and mitochondrial-related differentially expressed genes are also involved in forming the immune microenvironment of pSS, while multiple signaling pathways are involved in regulation. We further elucidated the regulation of the salivary gland immune microenvironment in pSS and relevant, targeted treatments.
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Fowler EW, van Venrooy EJ, Witt RL, Jia X. A TGFβR inhibitor represses keratin-7 expression in 3D cultures of human salivary gland progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15008. [PMID: 36056161 PMCID: PMC9440137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tissue engineering offers an attractive alternative for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia. Key to the success of this approach is the maintenance and expansion of secretory acinar cells in vitro. However, recent studies revealed that in vitro culture of primary salivary gland epithelial cells led to undesirable upregulation of the expression of keratin-7 (K7), a marker of ductal phenotype and frequently associated with cellular stress. We have previously shown that hyaluronic acid (HA)-based, RGDSP-decorated hydrogels support the 3D growth and assembly of primary human salivary gland stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs). Here, we investigate whether the RGDSP culture also promotes K7 expression, and if so, what factors govern the K7 expression. Compared to hS/PCs maintained in blank HA gels, those grown in RGDSP cultures expressed a significantly higher level of K7. In other tissues, various transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are reported to regulate K7 expression. Similarly, our immunoblot array and ELISA experiments confirmed the increased expression of TGF-β1 and growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in RGDSP cultures. However, 2D model studies show that only TGF-β1 is required to induce K7 expression in hS/PCs. Immunocytochemical analysis of the intracellular effectors of TGF-β signaling, SMAD 2/3, further confirmed the elevated TGF-β signaling in RGDSP cultures. To maximize the regenerative potential of h/SPCs, cultures were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of TGF-β receptor, A83-01. Our results show that A83-01 treatment can repress K7 expression not only in 3D RGDSP cultures but also under 2D conditions with exogenous TGF-β1. Collectively, we provide a link between TGF-β signaling and K7 expression in hS/PC cultures and demonstrate the effectiveness of TGF-β inhibition to repress K7 expression while maintaining the ability of RGDSP-conjugated HA gels to facilitate the rapid development of amylase expressing spheroids. These findings represent an important step towards regenerating salivary function with a tissue-engineered salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Emmett J van Venrooy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Robert L Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA.
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Schmitt CA, Wang B, Demaria M. Senescence and cancer - role and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:619-636. [PMID: 36045302 PMCID: PMC9428886 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable, terminal cell cycle arrest associated with various macromolecular changes and a hypersecretory, pro-inflammatory phenotype. Entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis and, thus, could in principle constitute a desired outcome for any anticancer therapy. Paradoxically, studies published in the past decade have demonstrated that, in certain conditions and contexts, malignant and non-malignant cells with lastingly persistent senescence can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. In this Review, we first discuss the major mechanisms involved in the antitumorigenic functions of senescent cells and then consider the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors that participate in their switch towards a tumour-promoting role, providing an overview of major translational and emerging clinical findings. Finally, we comprehensively describe various senolytic and senomorphic therapies and their potential to benefit patients with cancer. The entry of cells into senescence can act as a barrier to tumorigenesis; however, in certain contexts senescent malignant and non-malignant cells can acquire pro-tumorigenic properties. The authors of this Review discuss the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms involved in both the antitumorigenic and tumour-promoting roles of senescent cells, and describe the potential of various senolytic and senomorphic therapeutic approaches in oncology. Cellular senescence is a natural barrier to tumorigenesis; senescent cells are widely detected in premalignant lesions from patients with cancer. Cellular senescence is induced by anticancer therapy and can contribute to some treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Senescent cells exert both protumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects via cell-autonomous and paracrine mechanisms. Pharmacological modulation of senescence-associated phenotypes has the potential to improve therapy efficacy and reduce the incidence of TRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens A Schmitt
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Kepler University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Linz, Austria.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (German Cancer Consortium), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boshi Wang
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen (RUG), Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Steenbakkers RJHM, van Rijn-Dekker MI, Stokman MA, van der Schaaf A, van den Hoek JGM, Bijl HP, Kramer MCA, Langendijk JA, van Luijk P, Kierkels RGJ, Coppes RP. In Reply to Kashid et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:904-905. [PMID: 35772446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roel J H M Steenbakkers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria I van Rijn-Dekker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique A Stokman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen van der Schaaf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna G M van den Hoek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik P Bijl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C A Kramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Kierkels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapiegroep, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P Coppes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cell and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Aalam SMM, Viringipurampeer IA, Walb MC, Tryggestad EJ, Emperumal CP, Song J, Xu X, Saini R, Lombaert IMA, Sarkaria JN, Garcia J, Janus JR, Kannan N. Characterization of Transgenic NSG-SGM3 Mouse Model of Precision Radiation-Induced Chronic Hyposalivation. Radiat Res 2022; 198:243-254. [PMID: 35820185 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00237.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine holds promise to cure radiation-induced salivary hypofunction, a chronic side effect in patients with head and neck cancers, therefore reliable preclinical models for salivary regenerative outcome will promote progress towards therapies. In this study, our objective was to develop a cone beam computed tomography-guided precision ionizing radiation-induced preclinical model of chronic hyposalivation using immunodeficient NSG-SGM3 mice. Using a Schirmer's test based sialagogue-stimulated saliva flow kinetic measurement method, we demonstrated significant differences in hyposalivation specific to age, sex, precision-radiation dose over a chronic (6 months) timeline. NSG-SMG3 mice tolerated doses from 2.5 Gy up to 7.5 Gy. Interestingly, 5-7.5 Gy had similar effects on stimulated-saliva flow (∼50% reduction in young female at 6 months after precision irradiation over sham-treated controls), however, >5 Gy led to chronic alopecia. Different groups demonstrated characteristic saliva fluctuations early on, but after 5 months all groups nearly stabilized stimulated-saliva flow with low-inter-mouse variation within each group. Further characterization revealed precision-radiation-induced glandular shrinkage, hypocellularization, gland-specific loss of functional acinar and glandular cells in all major salivary glands replicating features of human salivary hypofunction. This model will aid investigation of human cell-based salivary regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew C Walb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chitra P Emperumal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jianning Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rajan Saini
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Biointerfaces Institute, School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joaquin Garcia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey R Janus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary gland function, development, and regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 PMCID: PMC9126227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury, will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular, and genetic levels: the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis, and regeneration, and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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42
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Parkinson EK, Prime SS. Oral Senescence: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Research. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.822397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring following multiple rounds of cell division (replicative senescence) or in response to cellular stresses such as ionizing radiation, signaling imbalances and oxidative damage (stress-induced premature senescence). Even very small numbers of senescent cells can be deleterious and there is evidence that senescent cells are instrumental in a number of oral pathologies including cancer, oral sub mucous fibrosis and the side effects of cancer therapy. In addition, senescent cells are present and possibly important in periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity. However, senescence is a double-edged sword because although it operates as a suppressor of malignancy in pre-malignant epithelia, senescent cells in the neoplastic environment promote tumor growth and progression. Many of the effects of senescent cells are dependent on the secretion of an array of diverse therapeutically targetable proteins known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, as senescence may have beneficial roles in wound repair, preventing fibrosis and stem cell activation the clinical exploitation of senescent cells is not straightforward. Here, we discuss biological mechanisms of senescence and we review the current approaches to target senescent cells therapeutically, including senostatics and senolytics which are entering clinical trials.
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43
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McKendrick JG, Emmerson E. The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 368:1-34. [PMID: 35636925 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear innate immune cells which have become of increasing interest in the fields of disease and regeneration, as their non-classical functions have been elucidated in addition to their classical inflammatory functions. Macrophages can regulate tissue remodeling, by both mounting and reducing inflammatory responses; and exhibit direct communication with other cells to drive tissue turnover and cell replacement. Furthermore, macrophages have recently become an attractive therapeutic target to drive tissue regeneration. The major salivary glands are glandular tissues that are exposed to pathogens through their close connection with the oral cavity. Moreover, there are a number of diseases that preferentially destroy the salivary glands, causing irreversible injury, highlighting the need for a regenerative strategy. However, characterization of macrophages in the mouse and human salivary glands is sparse and has been mostly determined from studies in infection or autoimmune pathologies. In this review, we describe the current literature around salivary gland macrophages, and speculate about the niches they inhabit and how their role in development, regeneration and cancer may inform future therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McKendrick
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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44
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Min SN, Zhu MQ, Mao XD, Li W, Wei T, Mei M, Zhang Y, Wu LL, Yu GY, Cong X. The Contribution of the Interleukin-4-Induced Epithelial Cell Senescence to Glandular Fibrosis in IgG4-Related Sialadenitis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:1070-1082. [PMID: 34927394 DOI: 10.1002/art.42052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is a chronic fibro-inflammatory disease characterized by glandular fibrosis and hyposalivation. Here we aimed to explore the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RS-related fibrosis. METHODS The expression of senescence markers and proinflammatory cytokines in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of IgG4-RS patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 14) was determined by proteomics, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry. After interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment, high-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in SMG-C6 cells. A glandular fibrosis model was established by the intraglandular injection of IL-4 into mouse SMGs (n = 8 per group). RESULTS Salivary acinar and ductal epithelial cells underwent senescence in IgG4-RS patients, as indicated by the elevated activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, lipofuscin accumulation, enhanced expression of senescence markers (p53 and p16INK4A ), and upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. Moreover, there was a significant increase in IL-4 levels in SMGs of IgG4-RS patients, which positively correlated with p16INK4A expression and the fibrosis score. Incubation with IL-4 exacerbated salivary epithelial cell senescence by increasing the expression of p16INK4A through ROS-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The supernatant collected from IL-4-induced senescent SMG-C6 cells enhanced fibroblast activation and matrix protein production. Furthermore, injecting IL-4 promoted fibrosis and senescence phenotypes in the SMGs in vivo. CONCLUSION The cellular senescence induced by IL-4 through the ROS-p38 MAPK-p16INK4A pathway promoted fibrogenesis during IgG4-RS. Our data suggest that cellular senescence could serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating IgG4-RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Di Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tai Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, P. R. China
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45
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Schoetz U, Klein D, Hess J, Shnayien S, Spoerl S, Orth M, Mutlu S, Hennel R, Sieber A, Ganswindt U, Luka B, Thomsen AR, Unger K, Jendrossek V, Zitzelsberger H, Blüthgen N, Belka C, Unkel S, Klinger B, Lauber K. Early senescence and production of senescence-associated cytokines are major determinants of radioresistance in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1162. [PMID: 34911941 PMCID: PMC8674332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistance against radio(chemo)therapy-induced cell death is a major determinant of oncological treatment failure and remains a perpetual clinical challenge. The underlying mechanisms are manifold and demand for comprehensive, cancer entity- and subtype-specific examination. In the present study, resistance against radiotherapy was systematically assessed in a panel of human head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines and xenotransplants derived thereof with the overarching aim to extract master regulators and potential candidates for mechanism-based pharmacological targeting. Clonogenic survival data were integrated with molecular and functional data on DNA damage repair and different cell fate decisions. A positive correlation between radioresistance and early induction of HNSCC cell senescence accompanied by NF-κB-dependent production of distinct senescence-associated cytokines, particularly ligands of the CXCR2 chemokine receptor, was identified. Time-lapse microscopy and medium transfer experiments disclosed the non-cell autonomous, paracrine nature of these mechanisms, and pharmacological interference with senescence-associated cytokine production by the NF-κB inhibitor metformin significantly improved radiotherapeutic performance in vitro and in vivo. With regard to clinical relevance, retrospective analyses of TCGA HNSCC data and an in-house HNSCC cohort revealed that elevated expression of CXCR2 and/or its ligands are associated with impaired treatment outcome. Collectively, our study identifies radiation-induced tumor cell senescence and the NF-κB-dependent production of distinct senescence-associated cytokines as critical drivers of radioresistance in HNSCC whose therapeutic targeting in the context of multi-modality treatment approaches should be further examined and may be of particular interest for the subgroup of patients with elevated expression of the CXCR2/ligand axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schoetz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, University Hospital Gießen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyd Shnayien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Samet Mutlu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Sieber
- Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Luka
- Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Unkel
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- Institute of Pathology, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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46
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Kudlova N, Slavik H, Duskova P, Furst T, Srovnal J, Bartek J, Mistrik M, Hajduch M. An efficient, non-invasive approach for in-vivo sampling of hair follicles: design and applications in monitoring DNA damage and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25004-25024. [PMID: 34874896 PMCID: PMC8714131 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with the 3 Rs principle (to replace, reduce and refine) animal models in biomedical research, we have developed and applied a new approach for sampling and analyzing hair follicles in various experimental settings. This involves use of a convenient device for non-invasive collection of hair follicles and processing methods that provide sufficient amounts of biological material to replace stressful and painful biopsies. Moreover, the main components of hair follicles are live cells of epithelial origin, which are highly relevant for most types of malignant tumors, so they provide opportunities for studying aging-related pathologies including cancer. Here, we report the successful use of the method to obtain mouse hair follicular cells for genotyping, quantitative PCR, and quantitative immunofluorescence. We present proof of concept data demonstrating its utility for routine genotyping and monitoring changes in quality and expression levels of selected proteins in mice after gamma irradiation and during natural or experimentally induced aging. We also performed pilot translation of animal experiments to human hair follicles irradiated ex vivo. Our results highlight the value of hair follicles as biological material for convenient in vivo sampling and processing in both translational research and routine applications, with a broad range of ethical and logistic advantages over currently used biopsy-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kudlova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hanus Slavik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Duskova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Furst
- Faculty of Science, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.,Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.,Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
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47
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Niklander SE, Lambert DW, Hunter KD. Senescent Cells in Cancer: Wanted or Unwanted Citizens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123315. [PMID: 34943822 PMCID: PMC8699088 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescence-related inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Niklander
- Unidad de Patologia y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-(32)2845108
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Keith D. Hunter
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK; (D.W.L.); (K.D.H.)
- Oral Biology and Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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48
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Cinat D, Coppes RP, Barazzuol L. DNA Damage-Induced Inflammatory Microenvironment and Adult Stem Cell Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729136. [PMID: 34692684 PMCID: PMC8531638 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells ensure tissue homeostasis and regeneration after injury. Due to their longevity and functional requirements, throughout their life stem cells are subject to a significant amount of DNA damage. Genotoxic stress has recently been shown to trigger a cascade of cell- and non-cell autonomous inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory factors and an increase in the amount of infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of how DNA damage by affecting the microenvironment of stem cells present in adult tissues and neoplasms can affect their maintenance and long-term function. We first focus on the importance of self-DNA sensing in immunity activation, inflammation and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors mediated by activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, the ZBP1 pathogen sensor, the AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Alongside cytosolic DNA, the emerging roles of cytosolic double-stranded RNA and mitochondrial DNA are discussed. The DNA damage response can also initiate mechanisms to limit division of damaged stem/progenitor cells by inducing a permanent state of cell cycle arrest, known as senescence. Persistent DNA damage triggers senescent cells to secrete senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which can act as strong immune modulators. Altogether these DNA damage-mediated immunomodulatory responses have been shown to affect the homeostasis of tissue-specific stem cells leading to degenerative conditions. Conversely, the release of specific cytokines can also positively impact tissue-specific stem cell plasticity and regeneration in addition to enhancing the activity of cancer stem cells thereby driving tumor progression. Further mechanistic understanding of the DNA damage-induced immunomodulatory response on the stem cell microenvironment might shed light on age-related diseases and cancer, and potentially inform novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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49
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Dong J, Sakai K, Koma Y, Watanabe J, Liu K, Maruyama H, Sakaguchi K, Hibi H. Dental pulp stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicle in irradiation-induced senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:28-35. [PMID: 34454177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) facilitate signaling molecule transfer among cells. We examined the therapeutic efficacy of human dental pulp stem cell-derived sEV (hDPSC-sEV) against cellular senescence in an irradiated-submandibular gland mouse model. Seven-week-old mice were exposed to 25 Gy radiation and randomly assigned to control, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), or hDPSC-sEV groups. At 18 days post-irradiation, saliva production was measured; histological and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses of the submandibular glands were performed. The salivary flow rate did not differ significantly between the PBS and hDPSC-sEV groups. AQP5-expressing acinar cell numbers and AQP5 expression levels in the submandibular glands were higher in the hDPSC-sEV group than in the other groups. Furthermore, compared with non-irradiated mice, mice in the 25 Gy + PBS group showed a high senescence-associated-β-galactosidase-positive cell number and upregulated senescence-related gene (p16INK4a, p19Arf, p21) and senescence-associated secretory phenotypic factor (MMP3, IL-6, PAI-1, NF-κB, and TGF-β) expression, all of which were downregulated in the hDPSC-sEV group. Superoxide dismutase levels were lower in the PBS group than in the hDPSC-sEV group. In summary, hDPSC-sEV reduced inflammatory cytokine and senescence-related gene expression and reversed oxidative stress in submandibular cells, thereby preventing irradiation-induced cellular senescence. Based on these results, we hope to contribute to the development of innovative treatment methods for salivary gland dysfunction that develops after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kiyoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Yoshiro Koma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junna Watanabe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kehong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideharu Hibi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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50
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Budamagunta V, Foster TC, Zhou D. Cellular senescence in lymphoid organs and immunosenescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19920-19941. [PMID: 34382946 PMCID: PMC8386533 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a multi-faceted phenomenon at the root of age-associated immune dysfunction. It can lead to an array of pathological conditions, including but not limited to a decreased capability to surveil and clear senescent cells (SnCs) and cancerous cells, an increased autoimmune responses leading to tissue damage, a reduced ability to tackle pathogens, and a decreased competence to illicit a robust response to vaccination. Cellular senescence is a phenomenon by which oncogene-activated, stressed or damaged cells undergo a stable cell cycle arrest. Failure to efficiently clear SnCs results in their accumulation in an organism as it ages. SnCs actively secrete a myriad of molecules, collectively called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which are factors that cause dysfunction in the neighboring tissue. Though both cellular senescence and immunosenescence have been studied extensively and implicated in various pathologies, their relationship has not been greatly explored. In the wake of an ongoing pandemic (COVID-19) that disproportionately affects the elderly, immunosenescence as a function of age has become a topic of great importance. The goal of this review is to explore the role of cellular senescence in age-associated lymphoid organ dysfunction and immunosenescence, and provide a framework to explore therapies to rejuvenate the aged immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Budamagunta
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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