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Jabůrek M, Klöppel E, Průchová P, Mozheitova O, Tauber J, Engstová H, Ježek P. Mitochondria to plasma membrane redox signaling is essential for fatty acid β-oxidation-driven insulin secretion. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103283. [PMID: 39067330 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We asked whether acute redox signaling from mitochondria exists concomitantly to fatty acid- (FA-) stimulated insulin secretion (FASIS) at low glucose by pancreatic β-cells. We show that FA β-oxidation produces superoxide/H2O2, providing: i) mitochondria-to-plasma-membrane redox signaling, closing KATP-channels synergically with elevated ATP (substituting NADPH-oxidase-4-mediated H2O2-signaling upon glucose-stimulated insulin secretion); ii) activation of redox-sensitive phospholipase iPLA2γ/PNPLA8, cleaving mitochondrial FAs, enabling metabotropic GPR40 receptors to amplify insulin secretion (IS). At fasting glucose, palmitic acid stimulated IS in wt mice; palmitic, stearic, lauric, oleic, linoleic, and hexanoic acids also in perifused pancreatic islets (PIs), with suppressed 1st phases in iPLA2γ/PNPLA8-knockout mice/PIs. Extracellular/cytosolic H2O2-monitoring indicated knockout-independent redox signals, blocked by mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1, etomoxir, CPT1 silencing, and catalase overexpression, all inhibiting FASIS, keeping ATP-sensitive K+-channels open, and diminishing cytosolic [Ca2+]-oscillations. FASIS in mice was a postprandially delayed physiological event. Redox signals of FA β-oxidation are thus documented, reaching the plasma membrane, essentially co-stimulating IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jabůrek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Eduardo Klöppel
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Průchová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksandra Mozheitova
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauber
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No.75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague, 14220, Czech Republic.
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Xiao X, Yang L, Xiao L, Li Y, Chang X, Han X, Tang W, Zhu Y. Inhibiting arachidonic acid generation mitigates aging-induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1725-1735. [PMID: 38843581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be unclear. METHODS We conducted non-targeted metabolomics to compare human serum samples from young adults (YA), elderly adults (EA), and elderly adults with diabetes (EA + DM) of Chinese population. Adult mice and aged mice were intragastrically administered with varespladib every day for two weeks and metabolic characteristics were monitored. Serum levels of arachidonic acid, insulin, and C-peptide, as well as serum activity of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) were detected in mice. Mouse islet perfusion assays were used to assess insulin secretion ability. Phosphorylated AKT levels were measured to evaluate insulin sensitivities of peripheral tissues in mice. RESULTS Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of human serum samples revealed differential metabolic signatures among the YA, EA, and EA + DM groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed significant enhancement of arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in the EA group compared with the YA group. Further analysis identified two metabolic fluxes that favored the accumulation of arachidonic acid in the elderly. Increased levels of arachidonic acid were also confirmed in aged mice with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, together with subsequent glucose intolerance. Conversely, inhibiting the generation of arachidonic acid with varespladib, an inhibitor of sPLA2, reduced aging-associated diabetes by improving hyperinsulinemia and hepatic insulin resistance in aged mice but not in adult mice. Islet perfusion assays also showed that varespladib treatment suppressed the enhanced insulin secretion observed in aged islets. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings uncover that arachidonic acid serves as a metabolic hub in Chinese elderly population. Our results also suggest that arachidonic acid plays a fundamental role in regulating β-cell function during aging and point to a novel therapy for aging-associated diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Longxuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Wang Z, Cui S, Zhang T, Wang W, Li J, Chen YQ, Zhu SL. Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation improves glucose tolerance in intestinal Ffar4 knockout mice during the daily light to dark transition. mSystems 2023; 8:e0057323. [PMID: 37787527 PMCID: PMC10654094 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00573-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Alterations in the intestinal environment are associated with various diseases, and FFAR4 is abundantly enriched in the intestine, where it has been shown to have the ability to regulate intestinal hormone secretion and intestinal microbiota; here, we confirmed previous reports. Meanwhile, we found that intestinal FFAR4 regulates glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion by decreasing Akkermansia muciniphila abundance and show that such change is associated with the level of glucose utilization at ZT12 in mice. Intestinal FFAR4 deficiency leads to severely impaired glucose tolerance at the ZT12 moment in mice, and Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation ameliorates the abnormal glucose utilization at the ZT12 moment caused by FFAR4 deficiency, which is very similar to the dawn phenomenon in diabetic patients. Collectively, our data suggest that intestinal Ffar4 deteriorates glucose tolerance at the daily light to dark transition by affecting Akkermansia muciniphila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - TingTing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - JiaYu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Y. Q. Chen
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sheng long Zhu
- Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ma Q. Arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e363. [PMID: 37746665 PMCID: PMC10511835 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 essential fatty acid, is a major component of mammalian cells and can be released by phospholipase A2. Accumulating evidence indicates that AA plays essential biochemical roles, as it is the direct precursor of bioactive lipid metabolites of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid obtained from three distinct enzymatic metabolic pathways: the cyclooxygenase pathway, lipoxygenase pathway, and cytochrome P450 pathway. AA metabolism is involved not only in cell differentiation, tissue development, and organ function but also in the progression of diseases, such as hepatic fibrosis, neurodegeneration, obesity, diabetes, and cancers. These eicosanoids are generally considered proinflammatory molecules, as they can trigger oxidative stress and stimulate the immune response. Therefore, interventions in AA metabolic pathways are effective ways to manage inflammatory-related diseases in the clinic. Currently, inhibitors targeting enzymes related to AA metabolic pathways are an important area of drug discovery. Moreover, many advances have also been made in clinical studies of AA metabolic inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we review the discovery of AA and focus on AA metabolism in relation to health and diseases. Furthermore, inhibitors targeting AA metabolism are summarized, and potential clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Oncology InstituteThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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5
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Karwen T, Kolczynska‐Matysiak K, Gross C, Löffler MC, Friedrich M, Loza‐Valdes A, Schmitz W, Wit M, Dziaczkowski F, Belykh A, Trujillo‐Viera J, El‐Merahbi R, Deppermann C, Nawaz S, Hastoy B, Demczuk A, Erk M, Wieckowski MR, Rorsman P, Heinze KG, Stegner D, Nieswandt B, Sumara G. Platelet-derived lipids promote insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16858. [PMID: 37490001 PMCID: PMC10493578 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperreactive platelets are commonly observed in diabetic patients indicating a potential link between glucose homeostasis and platelet reactivity. This raises the possibility that platelets may play a role in the regulation of metabolism. Pancreatic β cells are the central regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that factor(s) derived from β cells stimulate platelet activity and platelets selectively localize to the vascular endothelium of pancreatic islets. Both depletion of platelets and ablation of major platelet adhesion or activation pathways consistently resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and decreased circulating insulin levels. Furthermore, we found platelet-derived lipid classes to promote insulin secretion and identified 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) as the main factor promoting β cells function. Finally, we demonstrate that the levels of platelet-derived 20-HETE decline with age and that this parallels with reduced impact of platelets on β cell function. Our findings identify an unexpected function of platelets in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, which promotes metabolic fitness in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Karwen
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Carina Gross
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mona C Löffler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Angel Loza‐Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo‐Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rabih El‐Merahbi
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Center for Thrombosis and HemostasisUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Sameena Nawaz
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Agnieszka Demczuk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Manuela Erk
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GöteborgGöteborgSweden
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research CentreChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - David Stegner
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
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6
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Perniss A, Boonen B, Tonack S, Thiel M, Poharkar K, Alnouri MW, Keshavarz M, Papadakis T, Wiegand S, Pfeil U, Richter K, Althaus M, Oberwinkler J, Schütz B, Boehm U, Offermanns S, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Kummer W. A succinate/SUCNR1-brush cell defense program in the tracheal epithelium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8842. [PMID: 37531421 PMCID: PMC10396310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Host-derived succinate accumulates in the airways during bacterial infection. Here, we show that luminal succinate activates murine tracheal brush (tuft) cells through a signaling cascade involving the succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), phospholipase Cβ2, and the cation channel transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Stimulated brush cells then trigger a long-range Ca2+ wave spreading radially over the tracheal epithelium through a sequential signaling process. First, brush cells release acetylcholine, which excites nearby cells via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. From there, the Ca2+ wave propagates through gap junction signaling, reaching also distant ciliated and secretory cells. These effector cells translate activation into enhanced ciliary activity and Cl- secretion, which are synergistic in boosting mucociliary clearance, the major innate defense mechanism of the airways. Our data establish tracheal brush cells as a central hub in triggering a global epithelial defense program in response to a danger-associated metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Brett Boonen
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, VIB Center for Brain and Disease, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Tonack
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Thiel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Krupali Poharkar
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohamad Wessam Alnouri
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maryam Keshavarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tamara Papadakis
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Wiegand
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Pfeil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Richter
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mike Althaus
- Physiology Group, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Johannes Oberwinkler
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schütz
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Trese Leinders-Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Zufall
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen; Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Jandeleit-Dahm K, Meister J. Cytochrome-Derived EETs, VEGF-A, and NOX4: Piecing the Puzzle Together. Diabetes 2023; 72:841-843. [PMID: 37339355 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Research Group Diabetic Nephropathy, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Research Group Diabetic Nephropathy, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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8
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Ramanadham S, Turk J, Bhatnagar S. Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP-Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:5023-5049. [PMID: 37358504 PMCID: PMC10809800 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and β-cell dysfunction in insulin resistance associated with obesity lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from β-cells occurs via a canonical pathway that involves glucose metabolism, ATP generation, inactivation of K ATP channels, plasma membrane depolarization, and increases in cytosolic concentrations of [Ca 2+ ] c . However, optimal insulin secretion requires amplification of GSIS by increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. The cAMP effectors protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange factor activated by cyclic-AMP (Epac) regulate membrane depolarization, gene expression, and trafficking and fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane for amplifying GSIS. The widely recognized lipid signaling generated within β-cells by the β-isoform of Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2 enzyme (iPLA 2 β) participates in cAMP-stimulated insulin secretion (cSIS). Recent work has identified the role of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) activated signaling by the complement 1q like-3 (C1ql3) secreted protein in inhibiting cSIS. In the IGT state, cSIS is attenuated, and the β-cell function is reduced. Interestingly, while β-cell-specific deletion of iPLA 2 β reduces cAMP-mediated amplification of GSIS, the loss of iPLA 2 β in macrophages (MØ) confers protection against the development of glucose intolerance associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). In this article, we discuss canonical (glucose and cAMP) and novel noncanonical (iPLA 2 β and C1ql3) pathways and how they may affect β-cell (dys)function in the context of impaired glucose intolerance associated with obesity and T2D. In conclusion, we provide a perspective that in IGT states, targeting noncanonical pathways along with canonical pathways could be a more comprehensive approach for restoring β-cell function in T2D. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:5023-5049, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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9
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Hossain S, Gilani A, Pascale J, Villegas E, Diegisser D, Agostinucci K, Kulaprathazhe MM, Dirice E, Garcia V, Schwartzman ML. Gpr75-deficient mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1024-1037. [PMID: 36854900 PMCID: PMC10033368 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) has been identified as the high-affinity receptor of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a vasoactive and proinflammatory lipid, and mice overproducing 20-HETE have been shown to develop insulin resistance when fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which was prevented by a 20-HETE receptor blocker. Simultaneously, a large-scale exome sequencing of 640,000 subjects identified an association between loss-of-function GPR75 variants and protection against obesity. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Gpr75-deficient mice were placed on HFD for 14 weeks, and their obesity phenotype was examined. RESULTS Male and female Gpr75 null (knockout [KO]) and heterozygous mice gained less weight than WT mice when placed on HFD. KO mice maintained the same level of energy expenditure during HFD feeding, whereas WT mice showed a significant reduction in energy expenditure. Diet-driven adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy were greatly lessened in Gpr75-deficient mice. HFD-fed KO mice did not develop insulin resistance. Adipose tissue from Gpr75-deficient mice had increased expression of thermogenic genes and decreased levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, insulin signaling, which was impaired in HFD-fed WT mice, was unchanged in KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GPR75 is an important player in the control of metabolism and glucose homeostasis and a likely novel therapeutic target to combat obesity-driven metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Agostinucci
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
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10
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Zhou M, Li J, Xu J, Zheng L, Xu S. Exploring human CYP4 enzymes: physiological roles, function in diseases and focus on inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103560. [PMID: 36958639 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP)4 family of enzymes are monooxygenases responsible for the ω-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and eicosanoids and play a crucial part in regulating numerous eicosanoid signaling pathways. Recently, CYP4 gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for several human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammation. Small-molecule inhibitors of CYP4 could provide promising treatments for these diseases. The aim of the present review is to highlight the advances in the field of CYP4, discussing the physiology and pathology of the CYP4 family and compiling CYP4 inhibitors into groups based on their chemical classes to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4. Teaser: This review provides an updated view of the physiology and pathology of CYP4 enzymes. CYP4 inhibitors are compiled based on their skeletons to provide clues for the future discovery of drug candidates targeting CYP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junda Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China.
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11
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Wu D, Weng S, Xu S, Li Y, Zhou J. Yiqi Huazhuo decoction increases insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic rats by regulating the pancreatic GPR40-IP3R-1 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1136778. [PMID: 36998612 PMCID: PMC10043368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1136778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Yiqi Huazhuo Decoction (YD) reduces blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its exact mechanisms are unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of YD on impaired insulin secretion in T2DM rats.Methods: T2DM rats were randomized to the model, YD-lo (15 mg/kg/d YD, 10 weeks), YD-hi (30 mg/kg/d YD, 10 weeks), positive drug (TAK-875), and healthy control groups. The rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test, and serum lipid measurements. High-fat and high-glucose-injured RIN-m5f cells were treated with YD (30 or 150 mg/mL) for 48 h. GPR40 and IP3R-1 expression levels were determined by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot.Results: Compared with the model group, the OGTT area under the curve (AUC) in the YD-hi group was decreased by 26.7%, the insulin release test (IRT) AUC in the YD-hi group was increased by 45.9%, and the GSIS AUC was increased by 33.9% (p < 0.05). Compared with the model cells, the insulin secretion after glucose stimulation in the YD-hi group was increased by 24.5%, similar to the TAK-875 group (23.1%) (p > 0.05). GPR40 and IP3R-1 mRNA in the model cells were decreased by 49.5% and 51.2% compared with the control cells (p < 0.05). In the YD-hi group, GPR40 and IP3R-1 mRNA levels were increased by 58.1% and 39.3% (p < 0.05), similar to the TAK-875 group. The changes in protein expression were similar to mRNA.Conclusion: YD promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cell in T2DM rats by regulating the GPR40-IP3R-1 pathway, thereby reducing blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Siying Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Siying Weng,
| | - Shuyi Xu
- College of the Third Clinical Medical, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of the Third Clinical Medical, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianyang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Pascale JV, Wolf A, Kadish Y, Diegisser D, Kulaprathazhe MM, Yemane D, Ali S, Kim N, Baruch DE, Yahaya MAF, Dirice E, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:229-255. [PMID: 37236760 PMCID: PMC10683332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75. This 20-HETE axis is at the root of various vascular pathologies and processes including ischemia induced angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, septic shock, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes and insulin resistance. Pharmacologically, several preclinical tools have been developed to disrupt the 20-HETE axis including 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors (DDMS and HET0016), synthetic 20-HETE agonist analogues (20-5,14-HEDE and 20-5,14-HEDGE) and 20-HETE receptor blockers (AAA and 20-SOLA). Systemic or cell-specific therapeutic targeting of the 20-HETE-GPR75 axis continues to be an invaluable approach as studies examine the molecular underpinnings activated by 20-HETE under various physiological settings. In particular, the development and characterization of 20-HETE receptor blockers look to be a promising new class of compounds that can provide a considerable benefit to patients suffering from these cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yonaton Kadish
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Danait Yemane
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Samir Ali
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Namhee Kim
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - David E Baruch
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya
- Department of Basic Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
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13
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Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Synthesis and Significance of Arachidonic Acid, a Substrate for Cyclooxygenases, Lipoxygenases, and Cytochrome P450 Pathways in the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Multiforme, Including a Pan-Cancer Comparative Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030946. [PMID: 36765904 PMCID: PMC9913267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive gliomas. New and more effective therapeutic approaches are being sought based on studies of the various mechanisms of GBM tumorigenesis, including the synthesis and metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). PubMed, GEPIA, and the transcriptomics analysis carried out by Seifert et al. were used in writing this paper. In this paper, we discuss in detail the biosynthesis of this acid in GBM tumors, with a special focus on certain enzymes: fatty acid desaturase (FADS)1, FADS2, and elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5). We also discuss ARA metabolism, particularly its release from cell membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2) and its processing by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), lipoxygenases (5-LOX, 12-LOX, 15-LOX-1, and 15-LOX-2), and cytochrome P450. Next, we discuss the significance of lipid mediators synthesized from ARA in GBM cancer processes, including prostaglandins (PGE2, PGD2, and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2)), thromboxane A2 (TxA2), oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids, leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), lipoxins, and many others. These lipid mediators can increase the proliferation of GBM cancer cells, cause angiogenesis, inhibit the anti-tumor response of the immune system, and be responsible for resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Department of Ecology and Anthropology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-515
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14
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Jiao J, Yong T, Huang L, Chen S, Xiao C, Wu Q, Hu H, Xie Y, Li X, Liu Y, Cai M, Zhang R, Xie T, Liu R. A Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide F31 alleviates hyperglycemia through kidney protection and adipocyte apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1178-1191. [PMID: 36442553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported an excellent hypoglycemic effect of a Ganoderma lucidium polysaccharide F31 with efficacies between 45 and 54 %, approaching to that of liraglutide (52 %). Significantly, F31 reduced the body weight gains and food intakes. F31 decreased 4 key compounds, consisting of adenosine, adenosine, galactitol and glycerophosphocholine and elevated 8 key compounds, including arginine, proline, arachidonic acid, creatine, aspartic acid, leucine, phenylalanine and ornithine, which protected kidney function. Also, apoptosis was promoted by F31 in epididymal fat through increasing Caspase-3, Caspase-6 and Bax and decreasing Bcl-2. On 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, F31 induced early apoptosis through reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, a molecular docking was performed to reveal a plausible cross-talk between kidney and epididymal fat through glycerophosphorylcholine-Bax axis. Overall, F31 alleviated hyperglycemia through kidney protection and adipocyte apoptosis in db/db mice. This work may provide novel insights into the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Longhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yuancao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Rongjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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15
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Dong L, Wang H, Chen K, Li Y. Roles of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in diabetes (HETEs and diabetes). Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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16
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Fraser DA, Harrison SA, Schuppan D. Icosabutate: targeting metabolic and inflammatory pathways for the treatment of NASH. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1269-1278. [PMID: 36527256 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2159804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Via pleiotropic targeting of membrane and nuclear fatty acid receptors regulating key metabolic and inflammatory pathways in the liver, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids could offer a unique therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic-inflammatory diseases such as NASH. However, they lack efficacy for the treatment of NASH, likely due to unfavorable distribution, metabolism, and susceptibility to peroxidation. AREAS COVERED Structurally engineered fatty acids (SEFAs), as exemplified by icosabutate, circumvent the inherent limitations of unmodified long-chain fatty acids, and demonstrate markedly enhanced pharmacodynamic effects without sacrificing safety and tolerability. We cover icosabutate's structural modifications, their rationale and the fatty acid receptor and pathway targeting profile. We also provide an overview of the clinical data to date, including interim data from a Phase 2b trial in NASH subjects. EXPERT OPINION Ideally, candidate drugs for NASH and associated liver fibrosis should be pleiotropic in mechanism and work upstream on multiple drivers of NASH, including lipotoxic lipid species, oxidative stress, and key modulators of inflammation, liver cell injury, and fibrosis. Icosabutate has demonstrated the ability to target these pathways in preclinical NASH models with interim data from the ICONA trial supporting, at least noninvasively, the clinical translation of highly promising pre-clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A Harrison
- NorthSea Therapeutics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Morriseau TS, Doucette CA, Dolinsky VW. More than meets the islet: aligning nutrient and paracrine inputs with hormone secretion in health and disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E446-E463. [PMID: 35373587 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00411.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is responsive to an array of endocrine, paracrine, and nutritional inputs that adjust hormone secretion to ensure accurate control of glucose homeostasis. Although the mechanisms governing glucose-coupled insulin secretion have received the most attention, there is emerging evidence for a multitude of physiological signaling pathways and paracrine networks that collectively regulate insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release. Moreover, the modulation of these pathways in conditions of glucotoxicity or lipotoxicity are areas of both growing interest and controversy. In this review, the contributions of external, intrinsic, and paracrine factors in pancreatic β-, α-, and δ-cell secretion across the full spectrum of physiological (i.e., fasting and fed) and pathophysiological (gluco- and lipotoxicity; diabetes) environments will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Morriseau
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christine A Doucette
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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18
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Du Y, Li DX, Lu DY, Zhang R, Zhao YL, Zhong QQ, Ji S, Wang L, Tang DQ. Lipid metabolism disorders and lipid mediator changes of mice in response to long-term exposure to high-fat and high sucrose diets and ameliorative effects of mulberry leaves. Food Funct 2022; 13:4576-4591. [PMID: 35355025 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves exhibit anti-lipogenic and lipid-lowering effects. However, the lipid biomarkers and underlying mechanisms for the improvement of the action of mulberry leaves on obesity and lipid metabolism disorders have not been sufficiently investigated yet. Herein, biochemical analysis combined with metabolomics targeting serum lipid mediators (oxylipins) were used to explore the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of mulberry leaf water extract (MLWE) in high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-fed mice. Our results showed that MLWE supplementation not only decreased body weight gain, serum total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, but also increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, MLWE supplementation also ameliorated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation. These beneficial effects were associated with down-regulating genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipogenesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, and up-regulating genes related to lipolysis that encoded peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, adiponectin (ADPN), adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) 1, AdipoR2, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hormone-sensitive lipase. Moreover, a total of 54 serum lipid mediators were differentially changed in HFHSD-fed mice, among which 11 lipid mediators from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were apparently reversed by MLWE. These findings indicated that the ADPN/AMPK pathway, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and n-3 PUFA metabolism played important roles in anti-obesity and improvement of lipid metabolism disorders modulated by MLWE supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Ding-Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Dong-Yu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yan-Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Shuai Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Suining People's Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Suining 221202, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221204, China
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19
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Effects of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites on Functional Beta-Cell Mass. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040342. [PMID: 35448529 PMCID: PMC9031745 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acid present in phospholipids in the plasma membrane. The three primary pathways by which AA is metabolized are mediated by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. These three pathways produce eicosanoids, lipid signaling molecules that play roles in biological processes such as inflammation, pain, and immune function. Eicosanoids have been demonstrated to play a role in inflammatory, renal, and cardiovascular diseases as well type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Alterations in AA release or AA concentrations have been shown to affect insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell, leading to interest in the role of AA and its metabolites in the regulation of beta-cell function and maintenance of beta-cell mass. In this review, we discuss the metabolism of AA by COX, LOX, and CYP, the roles of these enzymes and their metabolites in beta-cell mass and function, and the possibility of targeting these pathways as novel therapies for treating diabetes.
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20
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Königs V, Pierre S, Schicht M, Welss J, Hahnefeld L, Rimola V, Lütjen-Drecoll E, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. GPR40 Activation Abolishes Diabetes-Induced Painful Neuropathy by Suppressing VEGF-A Expression. Diabetes 2022; 71:774-787. [PMID: 35061031 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is a promising target to support glucose-induced insulin release in patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied the role of GPR40 in the regulation of blood-nerve barrier integrity and its involvement in diabetes-induced neuropathies. Because GPR40 modulates insulin release, we used the streptozotocin model for type 1 diabetes, in which GPR40 functions can be investigated independently of its effects on insulin release. Diabetic wild-type mice exhibited increased vascular endothelial permeability and showed epineural microlesions in sciatic nerves, which were also observed in naïve GPR40-/- mice. Fittingly, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an inducer of vascular permeability, was increased in diabetic wild-type and naïve GPR40-/- mice. GPR40 antagonists increased VEGF-A expression in murine and human endothelial cells as well as permeability of transendothelial barriers. In contrast, GPR40 agonists suppressed VEGF-A release and mRNA expression. The VEGF receptor inhibitor axitinib prevented diabetes-induced hypersensitivities and reduced endothelial and epineural permeability. Importantly, the GPR40 agonist GW9508 reverted established diabetes-induced hypersensitivity, an effect that was blocked by VEGF-A administration. Thus, GPR40 activation suppresses VEGF-A expression, thereby reducing diabetes-induced blood-nerve barrier permeability and reverting diabetes-induced hypersensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Königs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Schicht
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica Welss
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Lütjen-Drecoll
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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21
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Isse FA, El-Sherbeni AA, El-Kadi AOS. The multifaceted role of cytochrome P450-Derived arachidonic acid metabolites in diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:141-160. [PMID: 35306928 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding lipid metabolism is a critical key to understanding the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It is known that 60-90% of DM patients are obese or used to be obese. The incidence of obesity is rising owing to the modern sedentary lifestyle that leads to insulin resistance and increased levels of free fatty acids, predisposing tissues to utilize more lipids with less glucose uptake. However, the exact mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. Diabetic cardiomyopathy seems to be associated with these alterations in lipid metabolism. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an important fatty acid that is metabolized to several bioactive compounds by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and the more recently discovered, cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. P450 metabolizes AA to either epoxy-AA (EETs) or hydroxy-AA (HETEs). Studies showed that EETs could have cardioprotective effects and beneficial effects in reversing abnormalities in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Conversely, HETEs, most importantly 12-HETE and 20-HETE, were found to interfere with normal glucose and insulin homeostasis and thus, might be involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of P450-derived AA metabolites in the context of DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy and their potential use as a target for developing new treatments for DM and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Departmet of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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22
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Froogh G, Garcia V, Laniado Schwartzman M. The CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:1-25. [PMID: 35659370 PMCID: PMC10123763 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a bioactive lipid generated from the ω-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid (AA) by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, primarily the CYP4A and CYP4F subfamilies. 20-HETE is most notably identified as a modulator of vascular tone, regulator of renal function, and a contributor to the onset and development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 20-HETE-mediated signaling promotes hypertension by sensitizing the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, inducing endothelial dysfunction, and potentiating vascular inflammation. These bioactions are driven by the activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75), a 20-HETE receptor (20HR). Given the capacity of 20-HETE signaling to drive pro-hypertensive mechanisms, the CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis has the potential to be a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with increases in blood pressure. In this chapter, we review 20-HETE-mediated cellular mechanisms that promote hypertension, highlight important data in humans such as genetic variants in the CYP genes that potentiate 20-HETE production and describe recent findings in humans with 20HR/GPR75 mutations. Special emphasis is given to the 20HR and respective receptor blockers that have the potential to pave a path to translational and clinical studies for the treatment of 20-HETE-driven hypertension, and obesity/metabolic syndrome.
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23
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Kalwat MA, Scheuner D, Rodrigues-dos-Santos K, Eizirik DL, Cobb MH. The Pancreatic ß-cell Response to Secretory Demands and Adaption to Stress. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab173. [PMID: 34407177 PMCID: PMC8459449 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kalwat
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Donalyn Scheuner
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Decio L Eizirik
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie H Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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24
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Henquin JC. Non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy humans: (dis)similarities between islet and in vivo studies. Metabolism 2021; 122:154821. [PMID: 34174327 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Optimal metabolic homeostasis requires precise temporal and quantitative control of insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have often focused on the regulation by glucose although many additional factors including other nutrients, neurotransmitters, hormones and drugs, modulate the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells. This review is based on the analysis of clinical investigations characterizing the effects of non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy subjects, and of experimental studies testing the same modulators in islets isolated from normal human donors. The aim was to determine whether the information gathered in vitro can reliably be translated to the in vivo situation. The comparison evidenced both convincing similarities and areas of discordance. The lack of coherence generally stems from the use of exceedingly high concentrations of test agents at too high or too low glucose concentrations in vitro, which casts doubts on the physiological relevance of a number of observations made in isolated islets. Future projects resorting to human islets should avoid extreme experimental conditions, such as oversized stimulations or inhibitions of β-cells, which are unlikely to throw light on normal insulin secretion and contribute to the elucidation of its defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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25
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Koike S, Hsu MF, Bettaieb A, Chu B, Matsumoto N, Morisseau C, Havel PJ, Huising MO, Hammock BD, Haj FG. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates high fat diet-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and loss. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:48-57. [PMID: 34038767 PMCID: PMC9901526 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are crucial regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis, and their dysfunction and loss are central features in type 2 diabetes. Interventions that rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss are essential to combat this deadly malady. In the current study, we sought to delineate the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in β-cells under diet-induced metabolic stress. The expression of sEH was upregulated in murine and macaque diabetes models and islets of diabetic human patients. We postulated that hyperglycemia-induced elevation in sEH leads to a reduction in its substrates, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and attenuates the function of β-cells. Genetic deficiency of sEH potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mice, likely in a cell-autonomous manner, contributing to better systemic glucose control. Consistent with this observation, genetic and pharmacological inactivation of sEH and the treatment with EETs exhibited insulinotropic effects in isolated murine islets ex vivo. Additionally, sEH deficiency enhanced glucose sensing and metabolism with elevated ATP and cAMP concentrations. This phenotype was associated with attenuated oxidative stress and diminished β-cell death in sEH deficient islets. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of sEH in vivo mitigated, albeit partly, high fat diet-induced β-cell loss and dedifferentiation. The current observations provide new insights into the role of sEH in β-cells and information that may be leveraged for the development of a mechanism-based intervention to rectify β-cell dysfunction and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bryan Chu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology & Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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26
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A High-Content Screen for the Identification of Plant Extracts with Insulin Secretion-Modulating Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080809. [PMID: 34451906 PMCID: PMC8402219 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive plant compounds and extracts are of special interest for the development of pharmaceuticals. Here, we describe the screening of more than 1100 aqueous plant extracts and synthetic reference compounds for their ability to stimulate or inhibit insulin secretion. To quantify insulin secretion in living MIN6 β cells, an insulin–Gaussia luciferase (Ins-GLuc) biosensor was used. Positive hits included extracts from Quillaja saponaria, Anagallis arvensis, Sapindus mukorossi, Gleditsia sinensis and Albizia julibrissin, which were identified as insulin secretion stimulators, whereas extracts of Acacia catechu, Myrtus communis, Actaea spicata L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Calendula officinalis were found to exhibit insulin secretion inhibitory properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to characterize several bioactive compounds in the selected plant extracts, and these bioactives were retested for their insulin-modulating properties. Overall, we identified several plant extracts and some of their bioactive compounds that may be used to manipulate pancreatic insulin secretion.
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27
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Biringer RG. A review of non-prostanoid, eicosanoid receptors: expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:5-46. [PMID: 34173964 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoid signaling controls a wide range of biological processes from blood pressure homeostasis to inflammation and resolution thereof to the perception of pain and to cell survival itself. Disruption of normal eicosanoid signaling is implicated in numerous disease states. Eicosanoid signaling is facilitated by G-protein-coupled, eicosanoid-specific receptors and the array of associated G-proteins. This review focuses on the expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action of non-prostanoid, eicosanoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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28
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Pascale JV, Park EJ, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. Uncovering the signalling, structure and function of the 20-HETE-GPR75 pairing: Identifying the chemokine CCL5 as a negative regulator of GPR75. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3813-3828. [PMID: 33974269 PMCID: PMC10119890 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR75 (Gq) and its ligand, the cytochrome P450-derived vasoactive eicosanoid 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), are involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory and hypertensive signalling cascades contributing to diabetes, obesity, vascular dysfunction/remodelling, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Little is known as to how, where and with what affinity 20-HETE interacts with GPR75. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To better understand the pairing of 20-HETE and its receptor (GPR75), we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine binding affinity/kinetics. The PRESTO-Tango receptor-ome methodology for GPR75 overexpression was coupled with FLIPR Calcium 6 assays, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP-1 and β-arrestin recruitment assays to determine receptor activation and downstream signalling events. KEY RESULTS SPR confirmed 20-HETE binding to GPR75 with an estimated KD of 1.56 × 10-10 M. In GPR75-transfected HTLA cells, 20-HETE stimulated intracellular Ca2+ levels, IP-1 accumulation and β-arrestin recruitment, all of which were negated by known 20-HETE functional antagonists. Computational modelling of the putative ligand-binding pocket and mutation of Thr212 within the putative 20-HETE binding site abolished 20-HETE's ability to stimulate GPR75 activation. Knockdown of GPR75 in human endothelial cells nullified 20-HETE-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ . The chemokine CCL5, a suggested GPR75 ligand, binds to GPR75 (KD of 5.85 × 10-10 M) yet fails to activate GPR75; however, it inhibited 20-HETE's ability to activate GPR75 signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have identified 20-HETE as a high-affinity ligand for GPR75 and CCL5 as a low-affinity negative regulator of GPR75, providing additional evidence for the deorphanization of GPR75 as a 20-HETE receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Eon Joo Park
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, USA
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29
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Pascale JV, Lucchesi PA, Garcia V. Unraveling the Role of 12- and 20- HETE in Cardiac Pathophysiology: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Pharmacological Inhibitors, and Transgenic Approaches. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:707-717. [PMID: 34016841 PMCID: PMC8523029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators play crucial roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Eicosanoid metabolites generated by lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes produce several classes of molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) family of bioactive lipids. In general, the cardioprotective effects of EETs have been documented across a number of cardiac diseases. In contrast, members of the HETE family have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiac disease, maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The net effect of 12(S)- and 20-HETE depends upon the relative amounts generated, ratio of HETEs:EETs produced, timing of synthesis, as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms activated by each respective metabolite. HETEs are synthesized by and affect multiple cell types within the myocardium. Moreover, cytochrome P450-derived and lipoxygenase- derived metabolites have been shown to directly influence cardiac myocyte growth and the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. The mechanistic data uncovered thus far have employed the use of enzyme inhibitors, HETE antagonists, and the genetic manipulation of lipid-producing enzymes and their respective receptors, all of which influence a complex network of outcomes that complicate data interpretation. This review will summarize and integrate recent findings on the role of 12(S)-/20-HETE in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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30
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GPR182 is an endothelium-specific atypical chemokine receptor that maintains hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021596118. [PMID: 33875597 PMCID: PMC8092405 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021596118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important regulators of cellular and biological functions and are primary targets of therapeutic drugs. About 100 mammalian GPCRs are still considered orphan receptors because they lack a known endogenous ligand. We report the deorphanization of GPR182, which is expressed in endothelial cells of the microvasculature. We show that GPR182 is an atypical chemokine receptor, which binds CXCL10, 12, and 13. However, binding does not induce downstream signaling. Consistent with a scavenging function of GPR182, mice lacking GPR182 have increased plasma levels of chemokines. In line with the crucial role of CXCL12 in hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis, we found that loss of GPR182 results in increased egress of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow. G protein–coupled receptor 182 (GPR182) has been shown to be expressed in endothelial cells; however, its ligand and physiological role has remained elusive. We found GPR182 to be expressed in microvascular and lymphatic endothelial cells of most organs and to bind with nanomolar affinity the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL13. In contrast to conventional chemokine receptors, binding of chemokines to GPR182 did not induce typical downstream signaling processes, including Gq- and Gi-mediated signaling or β-arrestin recruitment. GPR182 showed relatively high constitutive activity in regard to β-arrestin recruitment and rapidly internalized in a ligand-independent manner. In constitutive GPR182-deficient mice, as well as after induced endothelium-specific loss of GPR182, we found significant increases in the plasma levels of CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL13. Global and induced endothelium-specific GPR182-deficient mice showed a significant decrease in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow as well as increased colony-forming units of hematopoietic progenitors in the blood and the spleen. Our data show that GPR182 is a new atypical chemokine receptor for CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL13, which is involved in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis.
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31
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Ghislain J, Poitout V. Targeting lipid GPCRs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus - progress and challenges. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:162-175. [PMID: 33495605 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00459-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that are designed to increase insulin secretion either directly target β-cells or indirectly target gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which release hormones that modulate insulin secretion (for example, incretins). Given that β-cells and EECs both express a large array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate insulin secretion, considerable research and development efforts have been undertaken to design therapeutic drugs targeting these GPCRs. Among them are GPCRs specific for free fatty acid ligands (lipid GPCRs), including free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, otherwise known as GPR40), FFA2 (GPR43), FFA3 (GPR41) and FFA4 (GPR120), as well as the lipid metabolite binding glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GPR119). These lipid GPCRs have demonstrated important roles in the control of islet and gut hormone secretion. Advances in lipid GPCR pharmacology have led to the identification of a number of synthetic agonists that exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in preclinical studies. Yet, translation of these promising results to the clinic has so far been disappointing. In this Review, we present the physiological roles, pharmacology and clinical studies of these lipid receptors and discuss the challenges associated with their clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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32
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Croze ML, Guillaume A, Ethier M, Fergusson G, Tremblay C, Campbell SA, Maachi H, Ghislain J, Poitout V. Combined Deletion of Free Fatty-Acid Receptors 1 and 4 Minimally Impacts Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128704. [PMID: 33543237 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty-acid receptors FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, respectively. Although GPR120 and GPR40 share similar ligands, few studies have addressed possible interactions between these 2 receptors in the control of glucose homeostasis. Here we generated mice deficient in gpr120 (Gpr120KO) or gpr40 (Gpr40KO), alone or in combination (Gpr120/40KO), and metabolically phenotyped male and female mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet. We assessed insulin secretion in isolated mouse islets exposed to selective GPR120 and GPR40 agonists singly or in combination. Following normal chow feeding, body weight and energy intake were unaffected by deletion of either receptor, although fat mass increased in Gpr120KO females. Fasting blood glucose levels were mildly increased in Gpr120/40KO mice and in a sex-dependent manner in Gpr120KO and Gpr40KO animals. Oral glucose tolerance was slightly reduced in male Gpr120/40KO mice and in Gpr120KO females, whereas insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were unaffected. In hyperglycemic clamps, the glucose infusion rate was lower in male Gpr120/40KO mice, but insulin and c-peptide levels were unaffected. No changes in glucose tolerance were observed in either single or double knock-out animals under high-fat feeding. In isolated islets from wild-type mice, the combination of selective GPR120 and GPR40 agonists additively increased insulin secretion. We conclude that while simultaneous activation of GPR120 and GPR40 enhances insulin secretion ex vivo, combined deletion of these 2 receptors only minimally affects glucose homeostasis in vivo in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L Croze
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mélanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Hasna Maachi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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33
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Croze ML, Flisher MF, Guillaume A, Tremblay C, Noguchi GM, Granziera S, Vivot K, Castillo VC, Campbell SA, Ghislain J, Huising MO, Poitout V. Free fatty acid receptor 4 inhibitory signaling in delta cells regulates islet hormone secretion in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101166. [PMID: 33484949 PMCID: PMC7873385 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintenance of glucose homeostasis requires the precise regulation of hormone secretion from the endocrine pancreas. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4/GPR120) is a G protein-coupled receptor whose activation in islets of Langerhans promotes insulin and glucagon secretion and inhibits somatostatin secretion. However, the contribution of individual islet cell types (α, β, and δ cells) to the insulinotropic and glucagonotropic effects of GPR120 remains unclear. As gpr120 mRNA is enriched in somatostatin-secreting δ cells, we hypothesized that GPR120 activation stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion via inhibition of somatostatin release. METHODS Glucose tolerance tests were performed in mice after administration of selective GPR120 agonist Compound A. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion were measured in static incubations of isolated mouse islets in response to endogenous (ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and/or pharmacological (Compound A and AZ-13581837) GPR120 agonists. The effect of Compound A on hormone secretion was tested further in islets isolated from mice with global or somatostatin cell-specific knock-out of gpr120. Gpr120 expression was assessed in pancreatic sections by RNA in situ hybridization. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium dynamics in response to pharmacological GPR120 agonists were measured specifically in α, β, and δ cells in intact islets using cAMPER and GCaMP6 reporter mice, respectively. RESULTS Acute exposure to Compound A increased glucose tolerance, circulating insulin, and glucagon levels in vivo. Endogenous and/or pharmacological GPR120 agonists reduced somatostatin secretion in isolated islets and concomitantly demonstrated dose-dependent potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion. Gpr120 was enriched in δ cells. Pharmacological GPR120 agonists reduced cAMP and calcium levels in δ cells but increased these signals in α and β cells. Compound A-mediated inhibition of somatostatin secretion was insensitive to pertussis toxin. The effect of Compound A on hormone secretion was completely absent in islets from mice with either global or somatostatin cell-specific deletion of gpr120 and partially reduced upon blockade of somatostatin receptor signaling by cyclosomatostatin. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory GPR120 signaling in δ cells contributes to both insulin and glucagon secretion in part by mitigating somatostatin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine L Croze
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcus F Flisher
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Glyn M Noguchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Vivot
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent C Castillo
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark O Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Grundmann M, Bender E, Schamberger J, Eitner F. Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors and Their Allosteric Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041763. [PMID: 33578942 PMCID: PMC7916689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of free fatty acids (FFAs) has long been regarded as indirect in terms of their activities as educts and products in metabolic pathways. The observation that FFAs can also act as signaling molecules at FFA receptors (FFARs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), has changed the understanding of the interplay of metabolites and host responses. Free fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation statuses activate FFARs as endogenous agonists via binding at the orthosteric receptor site. After FFAR deorphanization, researchers from the pharmaceutical industry as well as academia have identified several ligands targeting allosteric sites of FFARs with the aim of developing drugs to treat various diseases such as metabolic, (auto)inflammatory, infectious, endocrinological, cardiovascular, and renal disorders. GPCRs are the largest group of transmembrane proteins and constitute the most successful drug targets in medical history. To leverage the rich biology of this target class, the drug industry seeks alternative approaches to address GPCR signaling. Allosteric GPCR ligands are recognized as attractive modalities because of their auspicious pharmacological profiles compared to orthosteric ligands. While the majority of marketed GPCR drugs interact exclusively with the orthosteric binding site, allosteric mechanisms in GPCR biology stay medically underexploited, with only several allosteric ligands currently approved. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of FFAR1 (GPR40), FFAR2 (GPR43), FFAR3 (GPR41), FFAR4 (GPR120), and GPR84, including structural aspects of FFAR1, and discusses the molecular pharmacology of FFAR allosteric ligands as well as the opportunities and challenges in research from the perspective of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grundmann
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eckhard Bender
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jens Schamberger
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany; (E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Frank Eitner
- Research and Early Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany;
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Gilani A, Agostinucci K, Hossain S, Pascale JV, Garcia V, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML. 20-HETE interferes with insulin signaling and contributes to obesity-driven insulin resistance. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106485. [PMID: 33011364 PMCID: PMC7855891 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE, a metabolite of arachidonic acid produced by Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A/4 F, has been implicated in the development of obesity-associated complications such as diabetes and insulin resistance. In this study, we examined whether the acute elevation of 20-HETE levels contributes to the development of diet-driven hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. We employed a conditional transgenic mouse model to overexpress Cyp4a12 (Cyp4a12tg), a murine 20-HETE synthase, together with high fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice in which Cyp4a12 was induced by doxycycline (DOX) at the onset of HFD feeding gained weight at a greater rate and extent than corresponding DOX-untreated Cyp4a12 mice. Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX displayed hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism while corresponding HFD-fed Cyp4a12tg mice (no DOX) did not. Importantly, administration of a 20-HETE antagonist, 20-SOLA, to Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX significantly attenuated weight gain and prevented the development of hyperglycemia and impaired glucose metabolism. Levels of insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation at Tyrosine 972 and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation at serine 307 were markedly decreased and increased, respectively, in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues from Cyp4a12tg mice fed HFD + DOX; 20-SOLA prevented the IR and IRS1 inactivation, suggesting that 20-HETE interferes with insulin signaling. Additional studies in 3T3-1 differentiated adipocytes confirmed that 20-HETE impairs insulin signaling and that its effect may require activation of its receptor GPR75. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that 20-HETE interferes with insulin function and contributed to diet-driven insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gilani
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Agostinucci
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Sakib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, United States
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Henquin JC. Paracrine and autocrine control of insulin secretion in human islets: evidence and pending questions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E78-E86. [PMID: 33103455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00485.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion by β-cells is largely controlled by circulating nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters. However, recent years have witnessed the multiplication of studies investigating whether local regulation also takes place within pancreatic islets, in which β-cells cohabit with several other cell types. The cell composition and architectural organization of human islets differ from those of rodent islets and are particularly favorable to cellular interactions. An impressive number of hormonal (glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, somatostatin, etc.) and nonhormonal products (ATP, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, etc.) are released by islet cells and have been implicated in a local control of insulin secretion. This review analyzes reports directly testing paracrine and autocrine control of insulin secretion in isolated human islets. Many of these studies were designed on background information collected in rodent islets. However, the perspective of the review is not to highlight species similarities or specificities but to contrast established and speculative mechanisms in human islets. It will be shown that the current evidence is convincing only for a minority of candidates for a paracrine function whereas arguments supporting a physiological role of others do not stand up to scrutiny. Several pending questions await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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38
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Guimarães RC, Gonçalves TT, Leiria LO. Exploiting oxidized lipids and the lipid-binding GPCRs against cardiometabolic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:531-549. [PMID: 33169375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids govern vital cellular processes and drive physiological changes in response to different pathological or environmental cues. Lipid species can be roughly divided into structural and signalling lipids. The former is essential for membrane composition, while the latter are usually oxidized lipids. These mediators provide beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including fatty-liver diseases, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes. For instance, several oxylipins were recently found to improve glucose homeostasis, increase insulin secretion, and inhibit platelet aggregation, while specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are able to ameliorate CMD by shaping the immune system. These lipids act mainly by stimulating GPCRs. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the current state of the literature on signalling lipids in the context of CMD. We also highlight the network encompassing the lipid-modifying enzymes and the lipid-binding GPCRs, as well as their interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago T Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Husted AS, Ekberg JH, Tripp E, Nissen TAD, Meijnikman S, O'Brien SL, Ulven T, Acherman Y, Bruin SC, Nieuwdorp M, Gerhart-Hines Z, Calebiro D, Dragsted LO, Schwartz TW. Autocrine negative feedback regulation of lipolysis through sensing of NEFAs by FFAR4/GPR120 in WAT. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101103. [PMID: 33091626 PMCID: PMC7683346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) released from adipocytes inhibit lipolysis through an unclear mechanism. We hypothesized that the LCFA receptor, FFAR4 (GPR120), which is highly expressed in adipocytes, may be involved in this feedback regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of conditioned media from isoproterenol-stimulated primary cultures of murine and human adipocytes demonstrated that most of the released non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) are known agonists for FFAR4. In agreement with this, conditioned medium from isoproterenol-treated adipocytes stimulated signaling strongly in FFAR4 transfected COS-7 cells as opposed to non-transfected control cells. In transfected 3T3-L1 cells, FFAR4 agonism stimulated Gi- and Go-mini G protein binding more strongly than Gq, effects which were blocked by the selective FFAR4 antagonist AH7614. In primary cultures of murine white adipocytes, the synthetic, selective FFAR4 agonist CpdA inhibited isoproterenol-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation in a manner similar to the antilipolytic control agent nicotinic acid acting through another receptor, HCAR2. In vivo, oral gavage with the synthetic, specific FFAR4 agonist CpdB decreased the level of circulating NEFAs in fasting lean mice to a similar degree as nicotinic acid. In agreement with the identified anti-lipolytic effect of FFAR4, plasma NEFAs and glycerol were increased in FFAR4-deficient mice as compared to littermate controls despite having elevated insulin levels, and cAMP accumulation in primary adipocyte cultures was augmented by treatment with the FFAR4 antagonist conceivably by blocking the stimulatory tone of endogenous NEFAs on FFAR4. CONCLUSIONS In white adipocytes, FFAR4 functions as an NEFA-activated, autocrine, negative feedback regulator of lipolysis by decreasing cAMP though Gi-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sofie Husted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe H Ekberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Emma Tripp
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Tinne A D Nissen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stijn Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yair Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Section of Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Identification of novel non-synonymous variants associated with type 2 diabetes-related metabolites in Korean population. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220732. [PMID: 31652446 PMCID: PMC6822494 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolome-genome wide association studies (mGWASs) are useful for understanding the genetic regulation of metabolites in complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous genetic variants associated with T2D-related metabolites have been identified in previous mGWASs; however, these analyses seem to have difficulty in detecting the genetic variants with functional effects. An exome array focussed on potentially functional variants is an alternative platform to obtain insight into the genetics of biochemical conversion processes. In the present study, we performed an mGWAS using 27,140 non-synonymous variants included in the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip and nine T2D-related metabolites identified by a targetted metabolomics approach to evaluate 2,338 Korean individuals from the Korea Association REsource (KARE) cohort. A linear regression analysis controlling for age, sex, BMI, and T2D status as covariates was performed to identify novel non-synonymous variants associated with T2D-related metabolites. We found significant associations between glycine and CPS1 (rs1047883) and PC ae C36:0 and CYP4F2 (rs2108622) variants (P<2.05 × 10−7, after the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing). One of the two significantly associated variants, rs1047883 was newly identified whereas rs2108622 had been previously reported to be associated with T2D-related traits. These findings expand our understanding of the genetic determinants of T2D-related metabolites and provide a basis for further functional validation.
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Drzazga A, Cichońska E, Koziołkiewicz M, Gendaszewska-Darmach E. Formation of βTC3 and MIN6 Pseudoislets Changes the Expression Pattern of Gpr40, Gpr55, and Gpr119 Receptors and Improves Lysophosphatidylcholines-Potentiated Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion. Cells 2020; 9:E2062. [PMID: 32917053 PMCID: PMC7565006 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impaired spatial arrangement and connections between cells creating islets of Langerhans as well as altered expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) often lead to dysfunction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells and can significantly contribute to the development of diabetes. Differences in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) are noticeable not only in diabetic individuals but also in model pancreatic β cells, e.g., βTC3 and MIN6 β cell lines with impaired and normal insulin secretion, respectively. Now, we compare the ability of GPCR agonists (lysophosphatidylcholines bearing fatty acid chains of different lengths) to potentiate GSIS in βTC3 and MIN6 β cell models, cultured as adherent monolayers and in a form of pseudoislets (PIs) with pancreatic MS1 endothelial cells. Our aim was also to investigate differences in expression of the GPCRs responsive to LPCs in these experimental systems. Aggregation of β cells into islet-like structures greatly enhanced the expression of Gpr40, Gpr55, and Gpr119 receptors. In contrast, the co-culture of βTC3 cells with endothelial cells converted the GPCR expression pattern closer to the pattern observed in MIN6 cells. Additionally, the efficiencies of various LPC species in βTC3-MS1 PIs also shifted toward the MIN6 cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzazga
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (E.C.); (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (E.C.); (M.K.)
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Leuti A, Fazio D, Fava M, Piccoli A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M. Bioactive lipids, inflammation and chronic diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:133-169. [PMID: 32628989 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous bioactive lipids are part of a complex network that modulates a plethora of cellular and molecular processes involved in health and disease, of which inflammation represents one of the most prominent examples. Inflammation serves as a well-conserved defence mechanism, triggered in the event of chemical, mechanical or microbial damage, that is meant to eradicate the source of damage and restore tissue function. However, excessive inflammatory signals, or impairment of pro-resolving/anti-inflammatory pathways leads to chronic inflammation, which is a hallmark of chronic pathologies. All main classes of endogenous bioactive lipids - namely eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, lysoglycerophopsholipids and endocannabinoids - have been consistently involved in the chronic inflammation that characterises pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, asthma, as well as autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases. This review gathers the current knowledge concerning the involvement of endogenous bioactive lipids in the pathogenic processes of chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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Qin WP, Cao LY, Li CH, Guo LH, Colbourne J, Ren XM. Perfluoroalkyl Substances Stimulate Insulin Secretion by Islet β Cells via G Protein-Coupled Receptor 40. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3428-3436. [PMID: 32092270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential causal relationship between exposure to environmental contaminants and diabetes is troubling. Exposure of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is found to be associated with hyperinsulinemia and the enhancement of insulin secretion by islet β cells in humans, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, by combining in vivo studies with both wild type and gene knockout mice and in vitro studies with mouse islet β cells (β-TC-6), we demonstrated clearly that 1 h exposure of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular calcium level by activating G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a vital free fatty acid regulated membrane receptor on islet β cells. We further showed that the observed effects of PFASs on the mouse model may also exist in humans by investigating the molecular binding interaction of PFASs with human GPR40. We thus provided evidence for a novel mechanism for how insulin-secretion is disrupted by PFASs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lin-Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - John Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China
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Tatarunas V, Kupstyte-Kristapone N, Zvikas V, Jakstas V, Zaliunas R, Lesauskaite V. Factors associated with platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes after acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3175. [PMID: 32081968 PMCID: PMC7035295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs are prescribed without considering the diabetic status of the patient. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the impact of clinical factors, CYP4F2 enzyme and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) concentrations on high on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with diabetes treated with antiplatelet drugs following acute coronary syndromes. A total of 667 patients were included in the study. Dual antiplatelet drug loading dosages with aspirin (300 mg) and ticagrelor (180 mg) or clopidogrel (600 mg) were prescribed to all the studied patients. Testing of platelet aggregation was performed the day after loading antiplatelet drug dosages. Platelet aggregation test was done according to the classical Born method. Multivariate binary regression analysis demonstrated that insulin use and higher 20-HETE concentration increased the odds of high on-treatment platelet reactivity during the initiation of antiplatelet drug therapy (OR: 3.968, 95% CI: 1.478-10.656, p = 0.006 and OR: 1.139, 95% CI: 1.073-1.210, respectively, p < 0.001). Ticagrelor use decreased the odds of developing high on-treatment platelet reactivity (OR: 0.238, 95% CI: 0.097-0.585, p = 0.002). Data from this study revealed that high on-treatment platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes may depend on such factors as insulin prescription and 20-HETE concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vacis Tatarunas
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Nora Kupstyte-Kristapone
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
- Department of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Cardiovascular Center of Republican hospital of Siauliai, V. Kudirkos g. 99, 76231, Siauliai, LT, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Zvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Zaliunas
- Department of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
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Lückmann M, Trauelsen M, Frimurer TM, Schwartz TW. Structural basis for GPCR signaling by small polar versus large lipid metabolites-discovery of non-metabolite ligands. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:38-48. [PMID: 31951921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Key metabolites act through specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as extracellular signals of fuel availability and metabolic stress. Here, we focus on the succinate receptor SUCNR1/GPR91 and the long chain fatty acid receptor FFAR1/GPR40, for which 3D structural information is available. Like other small polar acidic metabolites, succinate is excreted from the cell by transporter proteins to bind to an extracellular, solvent-exposed pocket in SUCNR1. Non-metabolite pharmacological tool compounds are currently being designed based on the structure of the SUCNR1 binding pocket. In FFAR1, differently signaling lipid mimetics bind in two distinct membrane-exposed sites corresponding to each of the lipid bilayer leaflets. Conceivably endogenous lipid ligands gain access to these sites by way of the membrane and probably occupy both sites under physiological circumstances. Design of polar agonists for a dynamic, solvent-exposed pocket in FFAR1 underlines the possibility of structure-based approaches for development of novel tool compounds even in lipid sensing metabolite GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lückmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The Combination of Whole Cell Lipidomics Analysis and Single Cell Confocal Imaging of Fluidity and Micropolarity Provides Insight into Stress-Induced Lipid Turnover in Subcellular Organelles of Pancreatic Beta Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203742. [PMID: 31627330 PMCID: PMC6833103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern omics techniques reveal molecular structures and cellular networks of tissues and cells in unprecedented detail. Recent advances in single cell analysis have further revolutionized all disciplines in cellular and molecular biology. These methods have also been employed in current investigations on the structure and function of insulin secreting beta cells under normal and pathological conditions that lead to an impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have pointed to significant alterations in protein expression and function in beta cells exposed to diabetes like conditions (e.g., high glucose and/or saturated fatty acids levels). These nutritional overload stressful conditions are often defined as glucolipotoxic due to the progressive damage they cause to the cells. Our recent studies on the rat insulinoma-derived INS-1E beta cell line point to differential effects of such conditions in the phospholipid bilayers in beta cells. This review focuses on confocal microscopy-based detection of these profound alterations in the plasma membrane and membranes of insulin granules and lipid droplets in single beta cells under such nutritional load conditions.
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Conflicting Roles of 20-HETE in Hypertension and Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184500. [PMID: 31514409 PMCID: PMC6770042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of hypertension and hypertension-related stroke is crucial. 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays an important role in vasoconstriction, autoregulation, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier integrity, has been linked to hypertension and stroke. 20-HETE can promote hypertension by potentiating the vascular response to vasoconstrictors; it also can reduce blood pressure by inhibition of sodium transport in the kidney. The production of 20-HETE is elevated after the onset of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; on the other hand, subjects with genetic variants in CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 that reduce 20-HETE production are more susceptible to stroke. This review summarizes recent genetic variants in CYP4F2, and CYP4A11 influencing 20-HETE production and discusses the role of 20-HETE in hypertension and the susceptibility to the onset, progression, and prognosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
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Gao YX, Fan C, Tan X, Zhang J, Wang J. Stearidonic acid promotes insulin secretion via stimulation of G protein-coupled receptor 40 in MIN6 pancreatic β-cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Adamska-Patruno E, Samczuk P, Ciborowski M, Godzien J, Pietrowska K, Bauer W, Gorska M, Barbas C, Kretowski A. Metabolomics Reveal Altered Postprandial Lipid Metabolism After a High-Carbohydrate Meal in Men at High Genetic Risk of Diabetes. J Nutr 2019; 149:915-922. [PMID: 31049566 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers one of the strongest genetic predispositions to type 2 diabetes, but diabetes development can be modified by diet. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate postprandial metabolic alterations in healthy men with a high genetic risk of diabetes, after two meals with varying macronutrient content. METHODS The study was conducted in 21 homozygous nondiabetic men carrying the high-risk (HR, n = 8, age: 31.2 ± 6.3 y, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 28.5 ± 8.1) or low-risk (LR, n = 13, age: 35.2 ± 10.3 y, BMI: 28.1 ± 6.4) genotypes at the rs7901695 locus. During two meal challenge test visits subjects received standardized isocaloric (450 kcal) liquid meals: high-carbohydrate (HC, carbohydrates: 89% of energy) and normo-carbohydrate (NC, carbohydrates: 45% of energy). Fasting (0 min) and postprandial (30, 60, 120, 180 min) plasma samples were analyzed for metabolite profiles through untargeted metabolomics. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed on an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system connected to an iFunnel quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. RESULTS In HR-genotype men, after the intake of an HC-meal, we noted a significantly lower area under the curves (AUCs) of postprandial plasma concentrations of most of the phospholipids (-37% to -53%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) = 1.2-1.5), lysophospholipids (-29% to -86%, VIP = 1.1-2.6), sphingolipids (-32% to -47%, VIP = 1.1-1.3), as well as arachidonic (-36%, VIP = 1.4) and oleic (-63%, VIP = 1.3) acids, their metabolites: keto- and hydoxy-fatty acids (-38% to -78%, VIP = 1.3-2.5), leukotrienes (-65% to -83%, VIP = 1.4-2.2), uric acid (-59%, VIP = 1.5), and pyroglutamic acid (-65%, VIP = 1.8). The AUCs of postprandial sphingosine concentrations were higher (125-832%, VIP = 1.9-3.2) after the NC-meal, AUCs of acylcarnitines were lower (-21% to -61%, VIP = 1.1-2.4), and AUCs of fatty acid amides were higher (51-508%, VIP = 1.7-3.1) after the intake of both meals. CONCLUSIONS In nondiabetic men carrying the TCF7L2 HR genotype, subtle but detectable modifications in intermediate lipid metabolism are induced by an HC-meal. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03792685.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Adamska-Patruno E, Godzien J, Ciborowski M, Samczuk P, Bauer W, Siewko K, Gorska M, Barbas C, Kretowski A. The Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility PROX1 Gene Variants Are Associated with Postprandial Plasma Metabolites Profile in Non-Diabetic Men. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040882. [PMID: 31010169 PMCID: PMC6520869 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) gene may show pleiotropic effects on metabolism. We evaluated postprandial metabolic alterations dependently on the rs340874 genotypes, and 28 non-diabetic men were divided into two groups: high-risk (HR)-genotype (CC-genotype carriers, n = 12, 35.3 ± 9.5 years old) and low-risk (LR)-genotype (allele T carriers, n = 16, 36.3 ± 7.0 years old). Subjects participated in two meal-challenge-tests with high-carbohydrate (HC, carbohydrates 89%) and normo-carbohydrate (NC, carbohydrates 45%) meal intake. Fasting and 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal intake plasma samples were fingerprinted by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). In HR-genotype men, the area under the curve (AUC) of acetylcarnitine levels was higher after the HC-meal [+92%, variable importance in the projection (VIP) = 2.88] and the NC-meal (+55%, VIP = 2.00) intake. After the NC-meal, the HR-risk genotype carriers presented lower AUCs of oxidized fatty acids (−81–66%, VIP = 1.43–3.16) and higher linoleic acid (+80%, VIP = 2.29), while after the HC-meal, they presented lower AUCs of ornithine (−45%, VIP = 1.83), sphingosine (−48%, VIP = 2.78), linoleamide (−45%, VIP = 1.51), and several lysophospholipids (−40–56%, VIP = 1.72–2.16). Moreover, lower AUC (−59%, VIP = 2.43) of taurocholate after the HC-meal and higher (+70%, VIP = 1.42) glycodeoxycholate levels after the NC-meal were observed. Our results revealed differences in postprandial metabolites from inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, bile acids signaling, and lipid metabolism in PROX1 HR-genotype men. Further investigations of diet–genes interactions by which PROX1 may promote T2DM development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Bauer
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Coral Barbas
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Universidad CEU San Pablo, 28003 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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