1
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Wang D, Feng Q, Wang X, Sun Y, Zhou W, Zhan X. Indole-3-acetic acid enhances the co-transport of proton and phenanthrene mediated by TaSAUR80-5A in wheat roots. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124522. [PMID: 38986759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a type of organic pollution that can accumulate in crops and hazard human health. This study used phenanthrene (PHE) as a model PAH and employed hydroponic experiments to illustrate the role of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the regulation of PHE accumulation in wheat roots. At optimal concentrations, wheat roots treated with PHE + IAA showed a 46.9% increase in PHE concentration, whereas treatment with PHE + P-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid resulted in a 38.77% reduction. Transcriptome analysis identified TaSAUR80-5A as the crucial gene for IAA-enhancing PHE uptake. IAA increases plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, promoting active transport of PHE via the PHE/H+ cotransport mechanism. These results provide not only the theoretical basis necessary to better understand the function of IAA in PAHs uptake and transport by staple crops, but also a strategy for controlling PAHs accumulation in staple crops and enhancing phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurun Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuke Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilei Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Wang J, Song Y, Wang G, Shi L, Shen Y, Liu W, Xu Y, Lou X, Jia W, Zhang M, Shang W, He S, Wang Z. PoARRO-1 regulates adventitious rooting through interaction with PoIAA27b in Paeonia ostii. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112204. [PMID: 39059631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is a limiting factor in the vegetative propagation of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). PoARRO-1, which encodes an auxin oxidase involved in AR formation, plays a role in the root development of P. ostii, but its associated molecular regulatory mechanisms are not yet understood. In this study, we examined the role of PoARRO-1 in AR formation in P. ostii. The overexpression of PoARRO-1 in P. ostii test-tube plantlets led to a notable enhancement in both the rooting rate and the average number of ARs in vitro, as well as increased activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO). PoARRO-1 was involved in the conversion of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu to OxIAA and promoted IAA oxidation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PoARRO-1 overexpression led to upregulation of enzyme activity, auxin metabolism related genes. Further analyses showed that PoARRO-1 interacted with the 1-175 aa position of PoIAA27b to regulate the formation of ARs. We therefore propose that PoARRO-1 interacts with PoIAA27b to promote AR formation, and it may be useful targets for enhancing the in vitro propagation of P. ostii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiange Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weichao Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueyuan Lou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Jia
- School of Horticulture Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Minhuan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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3
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El Arbi N, Nardeli SM, Šimura J, Ljung K, Schmid M. The Arabidopsis splicing factor PORCUPINE/SmE1 orchestrates temperature-dependent root development via auxin homeostasis maintenance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39327913 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate abiotic stress response is pivotal for plant survival and makes use of multiple signaling molecules and phytohormones to achieve specific and fast molecular adjustments. A multitude of studies has highlighted the role of alternative splicing in response to abiotic stress, including temperature, emphasizing the role of transcriptional regulation for stress response. Here we investigated the role of the core-splicing factor PORCUPINE (PCP) on temperature-dependent root development. We used marker lines and transcriptomic analyses to study the expression profiles of meristematic regulators and mitotic markers, and chemical treatments, as well as root hormone profiling to assess the effect of auxin signaling. The loss of PCP significantly alters RAM architecture in a temperature-dependent manner. Our results indicate that PCP modulates the expression of central meristematic regulators and is required to maintain appropriate levels of auxin in the RAM. We conclude that alternative pre-mRNA splicing is sensitive to moderate temperature fluctuations and contributes to root meristem maintenance, possibly through the regulation of phytohormone homeostasis and meristematic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila El Arbi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sarah Muniz Nardeli
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Petřík I, Hladík P, Zhang C, Pěnčík A, Novák O. Spatio-temporal plant hormonomics: from tissue to subcellular resolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5295-5311. [PMID: 38938164 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to technological advances in mass spectrometry, significant progress has been achieved recently in plant hormone research. Nowadays, plant hormonomics is well established as a fully integrated scientific field focused on the analysis of phytohormones, mainly on their isolation, identification, and spatiotemporal quantification in plants. This review represents a comprehensive meta-study of the advances in the phytohormone analysis by mass spectrometry over the past decade. To address current trends and future perspectives, Web of Science data were systematically collected and key features such as mass spectrometry-based analyses were evaluated using multivariate data analysis methods. Our findings showed that plant hormonomics is currently divided into targeted and untargeted approaches. Both aim to miniaturize the sample, allowing high-resolution quantification to be covered in plant organs as well as subcellular compartments. Therefore, we can study plant hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and signalling at a spatio-temporal resolution. Moreover, this trend has recently been accelerated by technological advances such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting or mass spectrometry imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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5
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Routaboul JM, Bellenot C, Olympio A, Clément G, Citerne S, Remblière C, Charvin M, Franke L, Chiarenza S, Vasselon D, Jardinaud MF, Carrère S, Nussaume L, Laufs P, Leonhardt N, Navarro L, Schattat M, Noël LD. Arabidopsis hydathodes are sites of auxin accumulation and nutrient scavenging. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39254742 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydathodes are small organs found on the leaf margins of vascular plants which release excess xylem sap through a process called guttation. While previous studies have hinted at additional functions of hydathode in metabolite transport or auxin metabolism, experimental support is limited. We conducted comprehensive transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analyses of mature Arabidopsis hydathodes. This study identified 1460 genes differentially expressed in hydathodes compared to leaf blades, indicating higher expression of most genes associated with auxin metabolism, metabolite transport, stress response, DNA, RNA or microRNA processes, plant cell wall dynamics and wax metabolism. Notably, we observed differential expression of genes encoding auxin-related transcriptional regulators, biosynthetic processes, transport and vacuolar storage supported by the measured accumulation of free and conjugated auxin in hydathodes. We also showed that 78% of the total content of 52 xylem metabolites was removed from guttation fluid at hydathodes. We demonstrate that NRT2.1 and PHT1;4 transporters capture nitrate and inorganic phosphate in guttation fluid, respectively, thus limiting the loss of nutrients during this process. Our transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses unveil an organ with its specific physiological and biological identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Routaboul
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Caroline Bellenot
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Aurore Olympio
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS UMR 7265, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Céline Remblière
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Magali Charvin
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Lars Franke
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS UMR 7265, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Damien Vasselon
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Jardinaud
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Sébastien Carrère
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS UMR 7265, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Versailles, 78000, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS UMR 7265, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, F-13108, France
| | - Lionel Navarro
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Martin Schattat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Laurent D Noël
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE UMR 0441, CNRS UMR 2598, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
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6
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Gao J, Zhuang S, Zhang W. Advances in Plant Auxin Biology: Synthesis, Metabolism, Signaling, Interaction with Other Hormones, and Roles under Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2523. [PMID: 39274009 PMCID: PMC11397301 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormone that regulates plant growth and development, including plant shape and sensitivity to environmental changes. Auxin is biosynthesized and metabolized via many parallel pathways, and it is sensed and transduced by both normal and atypical pathways. The production, catabolism, and signal transduction pathways of auxin primarily govern its role in plant growth and development, and in the response to stress. Recent research has discovered that auxin not only responds to intrinsic developmental signals, but also mediates various environmental signals (e.g., drought, heavy metals, and temperature stresses) and interacts with hormones such as cytokinin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and ethylene, all of which are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium in plant cells. In this review, we discuss the latest research on auxin types, biosynthesis and metabolism, polar transport, signaling pathways, and interactions with other hormones. We also summarize the important role of auxin in plants under abiotic stresses. These discussions provide new perspectives to understand the molecular mechanisms of auxin's functions in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Gao
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- School of Economic Geography, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Shunyao Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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7
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Tang C, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang B, Si J, Xia H, Fan S, Kong L. Nitrate Starvation Induces Lateral Root Organogenesis in Triticum aestivum via Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9566. [PMID: 39273513 PMCID: PMC11395443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The lateral root (LR) is an essential component of the plant root system, performing important functions for nutrient and water uptake in plants and playing a pivotal role in cereal crop productivity. Nitrate (NO3-) is an essential nutrient for plants. In this study, wheat plants were grown in 1/2 strength Hoagland's solution containing 5 mM NO3- (check; CK), 0.1 mM NO3- (low NO3-; LN), or 0.1 mM NO3- plus 60 mg/L 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) (LNT). The results showed that LN increased the LR number significantly at 48 h after treatment compared with CK, while not increasing the root biomass, and LNT significantly decreased the LR number and root biomass. The transcriptomic analysis showed that LN induced the expression of genes related to root IAA synthesis and transport and cell wall remodeling, and it was suppressed in the LNT conditions. A physiological assay revealed that the LN conditions increased the activity of IAA biosynthesis-related enzymes, the concentrations of tryptophan and IAA, and the activity of cell wall remodeling enzymes in the roots, whereas the content of polysaccharides in the LRP cell wall was significantly decreased compared with the control. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic microscopy revealed that the content of cell wall polysaccharides decreased and the cell wall elasticity of LR primordia (LRP) increased under the LN conditions. The effects of LN on IAA synthesis and polar transport, cell wall remodeling, and LR development were abolished when TIBA was applied. Our findings indicate that NO3- starvation may improve auxin homeostasis and the biological properties of the LRP cell wall and thus promote LR initiation, while TIBA addition dampens the effects of LN on auxin signaling, gene expression, physiological processes, and the root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Tang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jisheng Si
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyong Xia
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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8
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Takeda R, Sato S, Ui T, Tsukaya H, Horiguchi G. Characterization of the Arabidopsis Mutant oligocellula6-D Reveals the Importance of Leaf Initiation in Determining the Final Leaf Size. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1310-1327. [PMID: 38878059 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The leaf is a determinate organ with a final size under genetic control. Numerous factors that regulate the final leaf size have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana; although most of these factors play their roles during the growth of leaf primordia, much less is known about leaf initiation and its effects on the final leaf size. In this study, we characterized oligocellula6-D (oli6-D), a semidominant mutant of A. thaliana with smaller leaves than the wild type (WT) due to its reduced leaf cell numbers. A time-course analysis showed that oli6-D had approximately 50% fewer leaf cells even immediately after leaf initiation; this difference was maintained throughout leaf development. Next-generation sequencing showed that oli6-D had chromosomal duplications involving 2-kb and 3-Mb regions of chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. Several duplicated genes examined had approximately 2-fold higher expression levels, and at least one gene acquired a new intron/exon structure due to a chromosome fusion event. oli6-D showed reduced auxin responses in leaf primordia, primary roots and embryos, as well as reduced apical dominance and partial auxin-resistant root growth. CRISPR-associated protein-9-mediated genome editing enabled the removal of a 3-Mb duplicated segment, the largest targeted deletion in plants thus far. As a result, oli6-D restored the WT leaf phenotypes, demonstrating that oli6-D is a gain-of-function mutant. Our results suggest a new regulatory point of leaf size determination that functions at a very early stage of leaf development and is negatively regulated by one or more genes located in the duplicated chromosomal segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takeda
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Shoki Sato
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Takumi Ui
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1, Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
- Research Center for Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 171-8501 Japan
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9
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Wang W, Jiao M, Huang X, Liang W, Ma Z, Lu Z, Tian S, Gao X, Fan L, He X, Bao J, Yu Y, Zhang D, Bao L. The auxin-responsive CsSPL9-CsGH3.4 module finely regulates auxin levels to suppress the development of adventitious roots in tea (Camellia sinensis). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2273-2287. [PMID: 39012276 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The cutting technique is extensively used in tea breeding, with key emphasis on promoting the growth of adventitious roots (ARs). Despite its importance in tea cultivation, the mechanisms underlying AR development in tea remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the essential role of auxins in the initiation and progression of AR and established that the application of exogenous 1-naphthaleneacetic acid-enhanced AR formation in tissue-cultured seedlings and cuttings. Then, we found that the auxin-responsive transcription factor CsSPL9 acted as a negative regulator of AR development by reducing the levels of free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in tea plants. Furthermore, we identified CsGH3.4 as a downstream target of CsSPL9, which was activated by direct binding to its promoter. CsGH3.4 also inhibited AR development and maintained low levels of free IAA. Thus, these results revealed the inhibitory effect of the auxin-responsive CsSPL9-CsGH3.4 module on AR development by reducing free IAA levels in tea. These findings have significant theoretical and practical value for enhancing tea breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengmin Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xue Huang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenjuan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhonglian Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhanling Lu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shenyang Tian
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiuhua Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junhua Bao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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10
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Ke D, Xie Y, Li H, Hu L, He Y, Guo C, Zhai Y, Guo J, Li K, Chu Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Al-Babili S, Jiang K, Miao Y, Jia KP. Anchorene, a carotenoid-derived growth regulator, modulates auxin homeostasis by suppressing GH3-mediated auxin conjugation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39185936 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Anchorene, identified as an endogenous bioactive carotenoid-derived dialdehyde and diapocarotenoid, affects root development by modulating auxin homeostasis. However, the precise interaction between anchorene and auxin, as well as the mechanisms by which anchorene modulates auxin levels, remain largely elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of anchorene's bioactivities alongside auxin and observed that anchorene induces multifaceted auxin-like effects. Through genetic and pharmacological examinations, we revealed that anchorene's auxin-like activities depend on the indole-3-pyruvate-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the auxin inactivation pathway mediated by Group II Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) proteins that mainly facilitate the conjugation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids, leading to the formation of inactivated storage forms. Our measurements indicated that anchorene treatment elevates IAA levels while reducing the quantities of inactivated IAA-amino acid conjugates and oxIAA. RNA sequencing further revealed that anchorene triggers the expression of numerous auxin-responsive genes in a manner reliant on Group II GH3s. Additionally, our in vitro enzymatic assays and biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay demonstrated anchorene's robust suppression of GH3.17-mediated IAA conjugation with glutamate. Collectively, our findings highlight the significant role of carotenoid-derived metabolite anchorene in modulating auxin homeostasis, primarily through the repression of GH3-mediated IAA conjugation and inactivation pathways, offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of plant bioactive apocarotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yinpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Eficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haipeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Yi He
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Chao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Yahui Zhai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Kun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Zongyan Chu
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The BioActives Lab, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kai Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Kun-Peng Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 450046, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
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11
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Zeng Y, Zi H, Wang Z, Min X, Chen M, Zhang B, Li Z, Lin W, Zhang Z. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides New Insights into Improved Grain-filling in Ratoon Season Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:50. [PMID: 39136854 PMCID: PMC11322495 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Grain-filling of rice spikelets (particularly for the later flowering inferior spikelets) is an important characteristic that affects both quality and yield. Rice ratooning technology is used to cultivate a second crop from dormant buds that sprout from stubble left after the first harvest. This study used two rice varieties, the conventional indica rice 'Jinhui 809' and the hybrid indica-japonica rice 'Yongyou 1540', to assess the impact of rice ratooning on grain-filling. The results indicated that the grain-filling process in inferior spikelets of ratoon season rice (ISR) showed significant improvement compared to inferior spikelets of main crop (late season) rice (ISL). This improvement was evident in the earlier onset of rapid grain-filling, higher seed-setting percentage, and improved grain quality. A label-free quantitative proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry identified 1724 proteins with significant abundance changes, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind the improved grain-filling in ISR. The functional analysis of these proteins indicated that ratooning stimulated the metabolic processes of sucrose-starch, trehalose, and hormones in rice inferior spikelets, leading to enhanced enzyme activities related to starch synthesis, elevated concentrations of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) during the active grain-filling phase. This research highlighted the importance of the GF14f protein as a key regulator in the grain-filling process of ISR. It revealed that GF14f transcriptional and protein levels declined more rapidly in ISR compared to ISL during grain-filling. Additionally, the GF14f-RNAi plants specific to the endosperm exhibited improved quality in inferior spikelets. These findings suggest that the enhancement of starch synthesis, increased levels of IAA, ZR, and T6P, along with the rapid decrease in GF14f protein, play a role in enhancing grain-filling in ratoon season rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zeng
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hongjuan Zi
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaocheng Wang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiumei Min
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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12
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Palayam M, Yan L, Nagalakshmi U, Gilio AK, Cornu D, Boyer FD, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Shabek N. Structural insights into strigolactone catabolism by carboxylesterases reveal a conserved conformational regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6500. [PMID: 39090154 PMCID: PMC11294565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytohormone levels are regulated through specialized enzymes, participating not only in their biosynthesis but also in post-signaling processes for signal inactivation and cue depletion. Arabidopsis thaliana (At) carboxylesterase 15 (CXE15) and carboxylesterase 20 (CXE20) have been shown to deplete strigolactones (SLs) that coordinate various growth and developmental processes and function as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere. Here, we elucidate the X-ray crystal structures of AtCXE15 (both apo and SL intermediate bound) and AtCXE20, revealing insights into the mechanisms of SL binding and catabolism. The N-terminal regions of CXE15 and CXE20 exhibit distinct secondary structures, with CXE15 characterized by an alpha helix and CXE20 by an alpha/beta fold. These structural differences play pivotal roles in regulating variable SL hydrolysis rates. Our findings, both in vitro and in planta, indicate that a transition of the N-terminal helix domain of CXE15 between open and closed forms facilitates robust SL hydrolysis. The results not only illuminate the distinctive process of phytohormone breakdown but also uncover a molecular architecture and mode of plasticity within a specific class of carboxylesterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathy Palayam
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Linyi Yan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ugrappa Nagalakshmi
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amelia K Gilio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Cornu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François-Didier Boyer
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- The Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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13
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Kim JS, Chae S, Jo JE, Kim KD, Song SI, Park SH, Choi SB, Jun KM, Shim SH, Jeon JS, Lee GS, Kim YK. OsMYB14, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, regulates plant height through the control of hormone metabolism in rice. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100093. [PMID: 39004308 PMCID: PMC11342784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth must be regulated throughout the plant life cycle. The myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families and is involved in metabolism, lignin biosynthesis, and developmental processes. Here, we showed that OsMYB14, a rice R2R3-MYB TF, was expressed in leaves and roots, especially in rice culm and panicles, and that it localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of OsMYB14 (OsMYB14-ox) in rice resulted in a 30% reduction in plant height compared to that of the wild type (WT), while the height of the osmyb14-knockout (osmyb14-ko) mutant generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system was not significantly different. Microscopic observations of the first internode revealed that the cell size did not differ significantly among the lines. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes associated with plant development, regulation, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and gibberellin (GA) and auxin metabolic processes were downregulated in the OsMYB14-ox line. Hormone quantitation revealed that inactive GA19 accumulated in OsMYB14-ox but not in the WT or knockout plants, suggesting that GA20 generation was repressed. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA-aspartate accumulated in OsMYB14-ox and osmyb14-ko, respectively. Indeed, real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of OsGA20ox1, encoding GA20 oxidase 1, and OsGH3-2, encoding IAA-amido synthetase, was downregulated in OsMYB14-ox and upregulated in osmyb14-ko. A protein-binding microarray revealed the presence of a consensus DNA-binding sequence, the ACCTACC-like motif, in the promoters of the OsGA20ox1 and GA20ox2 genes. These results suggest that OsMYB14 may act as a negative regulator of biological processes affecting plant height in rice by regulating GA biosynthesis and auxin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung Sug Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Chae
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Jo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Do Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Song
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Mi Jun
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Long Y, Zeng J, Liu X, Wang Z, Tong Q, Zhou R, Liu X. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveals molecular regulatory network involved in flower development and phenotypic changes in two Lonicera macranthoides varieties. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:174. [PMID: 38855147 PMCID: PMC11153451 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the medicinal importance of the flowers of Xianglei type (XL) Lonicera macranthoides, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie their development. In this study, we elucidated the transcriptomic and metabolomic mechanisms that underlie the flower development mechanism of two L. macranthoides varieties. In this study, 3435 common differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) and 1138 metabolites were identified. These common DEGs were mainly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Metabolomic analysis showed that amino acids were the main metabolites of differential accumulation in wild-type (WT) L. macranthoides, whereas in XL, they were flavonoids and phenylalanine metabolites. Genes and transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB340, histone deacetylase 1 (HDT1), small auxin-up RNA 32 (SAUR32), auxin response factor 6 (ARF6), PIN-LIKES 7 (PILS7), and WRKY6, likely drive metabolite accumulation. Plant hormone signals, especially auxin signals, and various TFs induce downstream flower organ recognition genes, resulting in a differentiation of the two L. macranthoides varieties in terms of their developmental trajectories. In addition, photoperiodic, autonomous, and plant hormone pathways jointly regulated the L. macranthoides corolla opening. SAUR32, Arabidopsis response regulator 9 (ARR9), Gibberellin receptor (GID1B), and Constans-like 10 (COL10) were closely related to the unfolding of the L. macranthoides corolla. These findings offer valuable understanding of the flower growth process of L. macranthoides and the excellent XL phenotypes at the molecular level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04019-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQing Long
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Juan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - XiaoRong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - ZhiHui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - QiaoZhen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - RiBao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - XiangDan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
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15
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Noureddine J, Mu B, Hamidzada H, Mok WL, Bonea D, Nambara E, Zhao R. Knockout of endoplasmic reticulum-localized molecular chaperone HSP90.7 impairs seedling development and cellular auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:218-236. [PMID: 38565312 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum-localized heat shock protein HSP90.7 modulates tissue differentiation and stress responses; however, complete knockout lines have not been previously reported. In this study, we identified and analyzed a mutant allele, hsp90.7-1, which was unable to accumulate the HSP90.7 full-length protein and showed seedling lethality. Microscopic analyses revealed its essential role in male and female fertility, trichomes and root hair development, proper chloroplast function, and apical meristem maintenance and differentiation. Comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses also revealed the role of the protein in a multitude of cellular processes. Particularly, the auxin-responsive pathway was specifically downregulated in the hsp90.7-1 mutant seedlings. We measured a much-reduced auxin content in both root and shoot tissues. Through comprehensive histological and molecular analyses, we confirmed PIN1 and PIN5 accumulations were dependent on the HSP90 function, and the TAA-YUCCA primary auxin biosynthesis pathway was also downregulated in the mutant seedlings. This study therefore not only fulfilled a gap in understanding the essential role of HSP90 paralogs in eukaryotes but also provided a mechanistic insight on the ER-localized chaperone in regulating plant growth and development via modulating cellular auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenan Noureddine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bona Mu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Homaira Hamidzada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wai Lam Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Bonea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rongmin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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He M, Chen P, Li M, Lei F, Lu W, Jiang C, Liu J, Li Y, Xiao J, Zheng Y. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of changes in endogenous hormone and sugar content during the formation of tender asparagus stems. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:581. [PMID: 38898382 PMCID: PMC11186092 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus is a nutritionally dense stem vegetable whose growth and development are correlated with its quality and yield. To investigate the dynamic changes and underlying mechanisms during the elongation and growth process of asparagus stems, we documented the growth pattern of asparagus and selected stem segments from four consecutive elongation stages using physiological and transcriptome analyses. Notably, the growth rate of asparagus accelerated at a length of 25 cm. A significant decrease in the concentration of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and additional sugars was observed in the elongation region of tender stems. Conversely, the levels of auxin and gibberellins(GAs) were elevated along with increased activity of enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. A significant positive correlation existed between auxin, GAs, and enzymes involved in sucrose degradation. The ABA content gradually increased with stem elongation. The tissue section showed that cell elongation is an inherent manifestation of stem elongation. The differential genes screened by transcriptome analysis were enriched in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, phytohormone synthesis metabolism, and signal transduction. The expression levels of genes such as ARF, GA20ox, NCED, PIF4, and otherswere upregulated during stem elongation, while DAO, GA2ox, and other genes were downregulated. The gene expression level was consistent with changes in hormone content and influenced the cell length elongation. Additionally, the expression results of RT-qPCR were consistent with RNA-seq. The observed variations in gene expression levels, endogenous hormones and sugar changes during the elongation and growth of asparagus tender stems offer valuable insights for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms of asparagus stem growth and development and provide a theoretical foundation for cultivation and production practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiran Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengyun Lei
- Agricultural Equipment Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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17
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Basso MF, Girardin G, Vergata C, Buti M, Martinelli F. Genome-wide transcript expression analysis reveals major chickpea and lentil genes associated with plant branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384237. [PMID: 38962245 PMCID: PMC11220206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for elite cultivars with better architecture has been a demand by farmers of the chickpea and lentil crops, which aims to systematize their mechanized planting and harvesting on a large scale. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with the regulation of the branching and architecture of these plants has currently gained great importance. Herein, this work aimed to gain insight into transcriptomic changes of two contrasting chickpea and lentil cultivars in terms of branching pattern (little versus highly branched cultivars). In addition, we aimed to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of shoot branching that could be used as future targets for molecular breeding. The axillary and apical buds of chickpea cultivars Blanco lechoso and FLIP07-318C, and lentil cultivars Castellana and Campisi, considered as little and highly branched, respectively, were harvested. A total of 1,624 and 2,512 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed among different tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil, respectively. Several gene categories were significantly modulated such as cell cycle, DNA transcription, energy metabolism, hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, proteolysis, and vegetative development between apical and axillary tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil. Based on differential expression and branching-associated biological function, ten chickpea genes and seven lentil genes were considered the main players involved in differentially regulating the plant branching between contrasting cultivars. These collective data putatively revealed the general mechanism and high-effect genes associated with the regulation of branching in chickpea and lentil, which are potential targets for manipulation through genome editing and transgenesis aiming to improve plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Wright ZJ, Bartel B. Hormonal control of underwater germination in rice. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1361-1362. [PMID: 38834032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The ability to germinate, develop, and thrive underwater is key to efficient rice cultivation. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Wang et al. (2024) illuminate a hormone synthesis and inactivation cascade that promotes germination of submerged rice seeds and may allow improved germination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Wright
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Bonnie Bartel
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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19
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Wang Y, Jin G, Song S, Jin Y, Wang X, Yang S, Shen X, Gan Y, Wang Y, Li R, Liu JX, Hu J, Pan R. A peroxisomal cinnamate:CoA ligase-dependent phytohormone metabolic cascade in submerged rice germination. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1363-1378.e4. [PMID: 38579719 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the ability of rice to germinate underwater is a largely enigmatic but key research question highly relevant to rice cultivation. Moreover, although rice is known to accumulate salicylic acid (SA), SA biosynthesis is poorly defined, and its role in underwater germination is unknown. It is also unclear whether peroxisomes, organelles essential to oilseed germination and rice SA accumulation, play a role in rice germination. Here, we show that submerged imbibition of rice seeds induces SA accumulation to promote germination in submergence. Two submergence-induced peroxisomal Oryza sativa cinnamate:CoA ligases (OsCNLs) are required for this SA accumulation. SA exerts this germination-promoting function by inducing indole-acetic acid (IAA) catabolism through the IAA-amino acid conjugating enzyme GH3. The metabolic cascade we identified may potentially be adopted in agriculture to improve the underwater germination of submergence-intolerant rice varieties. SA pretreatment is also a promising strategy to improve submerged rice germination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaochen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ronghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Chen JC, Lin HY, Novák O, Strnad M, Lee YI, Fang SC. Diverse geotropic responses in the orchid family. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38809156 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In epiphytes, aerial roots are important to combat water-deficient, nutrient-poor, and high-irradiance microhabitats. However, whether aerial roots can respond to gravity and whether auxin plays a role in regulating aerial root development remain open-ended questions. Here, we investigated the gravitropic response of the epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Our data showed that aerial roots of P. aphrodite failed to respond to gravity, and this was correlated with a lack of starch granules/statolith sedimentation in the roots and the absence of the auxin efflux carrier PIN2 gene. Using an established auxin reporter, we discovered that auxin maximum was absent in the quiescent center of aerial roots of P. aphrodite. Also, gravity failed to trigger auxin redistribution in the root caps. Hence, loss of gravity sensing and gravity-dependent auxin redistribution may be the genetic factors contributing to aerial root development. Moreover, the architectural and functional innovations that achieve fast gravitropism in the flowering plants appear to be lost in both terrestrial and epiphytic orchids, but are present in the early diverged orchid subfamilies. Taken together, our findings provide physiological and molecular evidence to support the notion that epiphytic orchids lack gravitropism and suggest diverse geotropic responses in the orchid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhun-Chen Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yin Lin
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Science, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Cohen JD, Strader LC. An auxin research odyssey: 1989-2023. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1410-1428. [PMID: 38382088 PMCID: PMC11062468 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of the polar axis, early aspects of seedling growth, as well as growth and organ formation during later stages of plant development. The Plant Cell has been key, since the inception of the journal, to developing an understanding of auxin biology. Auxin-regulated plant growth control is accomplished by both changes in the levels of active hormones and the sensitivity of plant tissues to these concentration changes. In this historical review, we chart auxin research as it has progressed in key areas and highlight the role The Plant Cell played in these scientific developments. We focus on understanding auxin-responsive genes, transcription factors, reporter constructs, perception, and signal transduction processes. Auxin metabolism is discussed from the development of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants, the molecular biology of conjugate formation and hydrolysis, indole-3-butyric acid metabolism and transport, and key steps in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This progress leads to an expectation of a more comprehensive understanding of the systems biology of auxin and the spatial and temporal regulation of cellular growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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22
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Zhou T, Li Q, Huang X, Chen C. Analysis Transcriptome and Phytohormone Changes Associated with the Allelopathic Effects of Ginseng Hairy Roots Induced by Different-Polarity Ginsenoside Components. Molecules 2024; 29:1877. [PMID: 38675697 PMCID: PMC11053915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The allelopathic autotoxicity of ginsenosides is an important cause of continuous cropping obstacles in ginseng planting. There is no report on the potential molecular mechanism of the correlation between polarity of ginsenoside components and their allelopathic autotoxicity. This study applied a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis techniques, combined with apparent morphology, physiological indexes, and cell vitality detection of the ginseng hairy roots, through which the molecular mechanism of correlation between polarity and allelopathic autotoxicity of ginsenosides were comprehensively studied. The hairy roots of ginseng presented more severe cell apoptosis under the stress of low-polarity ginsenoside components (ZG70). ZG70 exerted allelopathic autotoxicity by regulating the key enzyme genes of cis-zeatin (cZ) synthesis pathway, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis pathway, and jasmonates (JAs) signaling transduction pathway. The common pathway for high-polarity ginsenoside components (ZG50) and ZG70 to induce the development of allelopathic autotoxicity was through the expression of key enzymes in the gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathway, thereby inhibiting the growth of ginseng hairy roots. cZ, indole-3-acetamid (IAM), gibberellin A1 (GA1), and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-ILE) were the key response factors in this process. It could be concluded that the polarity of ginsenoside components were negatively correlated with their allelopathic autotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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23
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Xie C, Chen R, Sun Q, Hao D, Zong J, Guo H, Liu J, Li L. Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of mtn1 Mutant Reveal Key Players in Centipedegrass Tiller Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1028. [PMID: 38611557 PMCID: PMC11013472 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tillering directly determines the seed production and propagation capacity of clonal plants. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the tiller development of clonal plants are still not fully understood. In this study, we conducted a proteome comparison between the tiller buds and stem node of a multiple-tiller mutant mtn1 (more tillering number 1) and a wild type of centipedegrass. The results showed significant increases of 29.03% and 27.89% in the first and secondary tiller numbers, respectively, in the mtn1 mutant compared to the wild type. The photosynthetic rate increased by 31.44%, while the starch, soluble sugar, and sucrose contents in the tiller buds and stem node showed increases of 13.79%, 39.10%, 97.64%, 37.97%, 55.64%, and 7.68%, respectively, compared to the wild type. Two groups comprising 438 and 589 protein species, respectively, were differentially accumulated in the tiller buds and stem node in the mtn1 mutant. Consistent with the physiological characteristics, sucrose and starch metabolism as well as plant hormone signaling were found to be enriched with differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the mtn1 mutant. These results revealed that sugars and plant hormones may play important regulatory roles in the tiller development in centipedegrass. These results expanded our understanding of tiller development in clonal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Qixue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Dongli Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Junqin Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Hailin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (C.X.); (R.C.); (D.H.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (J.L.)
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24
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Delaiti S, Nardin T, Roman T, Pedò S, Larcher R. Evaluating the Atypical Aging Potential Development in Sparkling Wines Can Be Achieved by Assessing the Base Wines at the End of the Alcoholic Fermentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4918-4927. [PMID: 38394368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Traditional sparkling wine production is a lengthy and costly process, involving a double fermentation step and a period of aging sur lie; thus, monitoring quality during the key manufacturing stages is crucial. The effects of the second fermentation on the development of 2-aminoacetophenone (AAP), the main marker of the atypical aging (ATA) defect, were investigated on 55 base wines (BWs) and corresponding sparkling wines (SWs) produced in an experimental winery. While the AAP content of the SWs was observed to be higher than the BWs, it was found that an artificial aging test carried out on the BWs could be a good predictor of ATA development in SWs. Further, the antioxidant capacity of the SWs was noticed to correlate well with the potential AAP formed during accelerated aging. Finally, an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model of linearization capable of predicting AAP formation in SWs using the data obtained from the corresponding BWs was created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Delaiti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Tomas Roman
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Pedò
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
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25
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Lu M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Tang X, Zhao W, Yu K, Pan Y, Wang Q, Cui J, Zhang M, Jin J, Wang J, Zhao M, Schwab W, Song C. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid, a Novel SA Derivative, Controls Plant Immunity via UGT95B17-Mediated Glucosylation: A Case Study in Camellia Sinensis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307051. [PMID: 38063804 PMCID: PMC10870048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays critical roles in plant innate immunity. Several SA derivatives and associated modification are identified, whereas the range and modes of action of SA-related metabolites remain elusive. Here, the study discovered 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-DHBA) and its glycosylated form as native SA derivatives in plants whose accumulation is largely induced by SA application and Ps. camelliae-sinensis (Pcs) infection. CsSH1, a 4/5-hydroxylase, catalyzes the hydroxylation of SA to 2,4-DHBA, and UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT95B17 catalyzes the formation of 2,4-DHBA glucoside. Down-regulation reduced the accumulation of 2,4-DHBA glucosides and enhanced the sensitivity of tea plants to Pcs. Conversely, overexpression of UGT95B17 increased plant disease resistance. The exogenous application of 2,4-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA, as well as the accumulation of DHBA and plant resistance comparison, indicate that 2,4-DHBA functions as a potentially bioactive molecule and is stored mainly as a glucose conjugate in tea plants, differs from the mechanism described in Arabidopsis. When 2,4-DHBA is applied exogenously, UGT95B17-silenced tea plants accumulated more 2,4-DHBA than SA and showed induced resistance to Pcs infection. These results indicate that 2,4-DHBA glucosylation positively regulates disease resistance and highlight the role of 2,4-DHBA as potentially bioactive molecule in the establishment of basal resistance in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Yingying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Keke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Jilai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan ProvinceCollege of Life ScienceXinyang Normal University237 Nanhu R.XinyangHenan464000P. R. China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
- Biotechnology of Natural ProductsTechnische Universität MünchenLiesel‐Beckmann‐Str. 185354FreisingGermany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationInternational Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health EffectsAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiAnhui230036P. R. China
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26
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Roth O, Yechezkel S, Serero O, Eliyahu A, Vints I, Tzeela P, Carignano A, Janacek DP, Peters V, Kessel A, Dwivedi V, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Shaya F, Faigenboim-Doron A, Ung KL, Pedersen BP, Riov J, Klavins E, Dawid C, Hammes UZ, Ben-Tal N, Napier R, Sadot E, Weinstain R. Slow release of a synthetic auxin induces formation of adventitious roots in recalcitrant woody plants. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-023-02065-3. [PMID: 38267759 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Clonal propagation of plants by induction of adventitious roots (ARs) from stem cuttings is a requisite step in breeding programs. A major barrier exists for propagating valuable plants that naturally have low capacity to form ARs. Due to the central role of auxin in organogenesis, indole-3-butyric acid is often used as part of commercial rooting mixtures, yet many recalcitrant plants do not form ARs in response to this treatment. Here we describe the synthesis and screening of a focused library of synthetic auxin conjugates in Eucalyptus grandis cuttings and identify 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid-L-tryptophan-OMe as a competent enhancer of adventitious rooting in a number of recalcitrant woody plants, including apple and argan. Comprehensive metabolic and functional analyses reveal that this activity is engendered by prolonged auxin signaling due to initial fast uptake and slow release and clearance of the free auxin 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. This work highlights the utility of a slow-release strategy for bioactive compounds for more effective plant growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Roth
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sela Yechezkel
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ori Serero
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Eliyahu
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Inna Vints
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pan Tzeela
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alberto Carignano
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dorina P Janacek
- Chair of Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Amit Kessel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Mira Carmeli-Weissberg
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim-Doron
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Kien Lam Ung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric Klavins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Chair of Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Hager MS, Hofland ML, Varella AC, Bothner B, Budak H, Weaver DK. Untargeted metabolomics profiling of oat ( Avena sativa L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) infested with wheat stem sawfly ( Cephus cinctus Norton) reveals differences associated with plant defense and insect nutrition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1327390. [PMID: 38328705 PMCID: PMC10848266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1327390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Wheat stem sawfly (WSS), Cephus cinctus Norton, is a major pest of common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other cultivated cereals in North America. Planting of cultivars with solid stems has been the primary management strategy to prevent yield loss due to WSS infestation, however expression of this phenotype can vary depending on environmental conditions and solid stems hinder biological control of WSS via braconid parasitoids Bracon cephi (Gahan) and Bracon lissogaster Muesebeck. In the hollow stems of oat (Avena sativa L.), WSS larvae experience 100% mortality before they reach late instars, but the mechanisms for this observed resistance have not been characterized. Objective The objective of this study was to explore additional sources of resistance outside of the historic solid stem phenotype. Methods Here, we use an untargeted metabolomics approach to examine the response of the metabolome of two cultivars of oat and four cultivars of spring wheat to infestation by WSS. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), differentially expressed metabolites were identified between oat and wheat which were associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway, phospholipid biosynthesis and signaling, the salicylic acid signaling pathway, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) degradation, and biosynthesis of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones (Bxs). Several phospho- and galacto- lipids were found in higher abundance in oat, and with the exception of early stem solidness cultivar Conan, both species experienced a decrease in abundance once infested. In all wheat cultivars except Conan, an increase in abundance was observed for Bxs HMDBOA-glc and DIBOA-β-D-glucoside after infestation, indicating that this pathway is involved in wheat response to infestation in both solid and hollow stemmed cultivars. Differences between species in compounds involved in IAA biosynthesis, degradation and inactivation suggest that wheat may respond to infestation by inactivating IAA or altering the IAA pool in stem tissue. Conclusion We propose that the species differences found here likely affect the survival of WSS larvae and may also be associated with differences in stem architecture at the molecular level. Our findings suggest pathways to focus on for future studies in elucidating plant response to WSS infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Hager
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Wheat Stem Sawfly Laboratory, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Megan L. Hofland
- Wheat Stem Sawfly Laboratory, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Andrea C. Varella
- Corteva Agriscience™, Woodstock Research and Development Centre, Tavistock, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Department of Agriculture, Arizona Western College, Yuma, AZ, United States
| | - David K. Weaver
- Wheat Stem Sawfly Laboratory, Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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28
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Chen J, Huang SB, Wang X, Huang L, Gao C, Huang XY, Zhao FJ. IAR4 mutation enhances cadmium toxicity by disturbing auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:438-453. [PMID: 37721748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plants, but the targets and modes of toxicity remain unclear. We isolated a Cd-hypersensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd-induced short root 2 (cdsr2), in the background of the phytochelatin synthase-defective mutant cad1-3. Both cdsr2 and cdsr2 cad1-3 displayed shorter roots and were more sensitive to Cd than their respective wild type. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, IAR4 was identified as the causal gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit. cdsr2 showed decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and NADH content, but markedly increased concentrations of pyruvate and alanine in roots. Both Cd stress and IAR4 mutation decreased auxin level in the root tips, and the effect was additive. A higher growth temperature rescued the phenotypes in cdsr2. Exogenous alanine inhibited root growth and decreased auxin level in the wild type. Cadmium stress suppressed the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, hydrolysis of auxin-conjugates and auxin polar transport. Our results suggest that auxin homeostasis is a key target of Cd toxicity, which is aggravated by IAR4 mutation due to decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Decreased auxin level in cdsr2 is likely caused by increased auxin-alanine conjugation and decreased energy status in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao Bai Huang
- School of Molecular Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - LiZhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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29
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Zhang C, Bieleszová K, Žukauskaitė A, Hladík P, Grúz J, Novák O, Doležal K. In situ separation and visualization of isomeric auxin derivatives in Arabidopsis by ion mobility mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:125-139. [PMID: 37872415 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In situ separation and visualization of synthetic and naturally occurring isomers from heterogeneous plant tissues, especially when they share similar molecular structures, are a challenging task. In this study, we combined the ion mobility separation with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-IM-MSI) to achieve a direct separation and visualization of two synthetic auxin derivatives, auxinole and its structural isomer 4pTb-MeIAA, as well as endogenous auxins from Arabidopsis samples. Distinct distribution of these synthetic isomers and endogenous auxins in Arabidopsis primary roots and hypocotyls was achieved in the same imaging analysis from both individually treated and cotreated samples. We also observed putative metabolites of synthetic auxin derivatives, i.e. auxinole amino acid conjugates and hydrolysed 4pTb-MeIAA product - 4pTb-IAA, based on their unique drifting ion intensity patterns. Furthermore, DESI-IM-MSI-revealed abundance of endogenous auxins and synthetic isomers was validated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our results demonstrate that DESI-IM-MSI could be used as a robust technique for detecting endogenous and exogenous isomers and provide a spatiotemporal evaluation of hormonomics profiles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Bieleszová
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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30
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Smolko A, Repar J, Matković M, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Ludwig-Müller J, Salopek-Sondi B. Application of Long-Chained Auxin Conjugates Influenced Auxin Metabolism and Transcriptome Response in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:447. [PMID: 38203617 PMCID: PMC10778880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Auxin amino acid conjugates are considered to be storage forms of auxins. Previous research has shown that indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine (IAA-Ala), indole-3-propionyl-L-alanine (IPA-Ala) and indole-3-butyryl-L-alanine (IBA-Ala) affect the root growth of Brassica rapa seedlings. To elucidate the potential mechanism of action of the conjugates, we treated B. rapa seedlings with 0.01 mM IAA-, IPA- and IBA-Ala and investigated their effects on the auxin metabolome and transcriptome. IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala caused a significant inhibition of root growth and a decrease in free IAA compared to the control and IAA-Ala treatments. The identification of free auxins IBA and IPA after feeding experiments with IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala, respectively, confirms their hydrolysis in vivo and indicates active auxins responsible for a stronger inhibition of root growth. IBA-Ala caused the induction of most DEGs (807) compared to IPA-Ala (417) and IAA-Ala (371). All treatments caused similar trends in transcription profile changes when compared to control treatments. The majority of auxin-related DEGs were found after IBA-Ala treatment, followed by IPA-Ala and IAA-Ala, which is consistent with the apparent root morphology. In addition to most YUC genes, which showed a tendency to be downregulated, transcripts of auxin-related DEGs that were identified (UGT74E2, GH3.2, SAUR, IAA2, etc.) were more highly expressed after all treatments. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hydrolysis of conjugates and the release of free auxins are responsible for the effects of conjugate treatments. In conclusion, free auxins released by the hydrolysis of all auxin conjugates applied affect gene regulation, auxin homeostasis and ultimately root growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jelena Repar
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marija Matković
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
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31
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Luo P, Li TT, Shi WM, Ma Q, Di DW. The Roles of GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in the Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4111. [PMID: 38140438 PMCID: PMC10747189 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest. Recent advances in understanding GH3-dependent IAA conjugation have positioned GH3 functional elucidation as a hot topic of research. This review aims to consolidate and discuss recent findings on (i) the enzymatic mechanisms driving GH3 activity, (ii) the influence of chemical inhibitor on GH3 function, and (iii) the transcriptional regulation of GH3 and its impact on plant development and stress response. Additionally, we explore the distinct biological functions attributed to IAA-amino acid conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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32
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Wang Q, De Gernier H, Duan X, Xie Y, Geelen D, Hayashi KI, Xuan W, Geisler M, Ten Tusscher K, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. GH3-mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1900-1912. [PMID: 37743759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) positioning and development rely on the dynamic interplay between auxin production, transport but also inactivation. Nonetheless, how the latter affects LR organogenesis remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we systematically analyze the impact of the major auxin inactivation pathway defined by GRETCHEN HAGEN3-type (GH3) auxin conjugating enzymes and DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION1 (DAO1) in all stages of LR development using reporters, genetics and inhibitors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data demonstrate that the gh3.1/2/3/4/5/6 hextuple (gh3hex) mutants display a higher LR density due to increased LR initiation and faster LR developmental progression, acting epistatically over dao1-1. Grafting and local inhibitor applications reveal that root and shoot GH3 activities control LR formation. The faster LR development in gh3hex is associated with GH3 expression domains in and around developing LRs. The increase in LR initiation is associated with accelerated auxin response oscillations coinciding with increases in apical meristem size and LR cap cell death rates. Our research reveals how GH3-mediated auxin inactivation attenuates LR development. Local GH3 expression in LR primordia attenuates development and emergence, whereas GH3 effects on pre-initiation stages are indirect, by modulating meristem activities that in turn coordinate root growth with LR spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xingliang Duan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ken-Ishiro Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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33
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Skalický V, Antoniadi I, Pěnčík A, Chamrád I, Lenobel R, Kubeš MF, Zatloukal M, Žukauskaitė A, Strnad M, Ljung K, Novák O. Fluorescence-activated multi-organelle mapping of subcellular plant hormone distribution. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1825-1841. [PMID: 37682018 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Auxins and cytokinins are two major families of phytohormones that control most aspects of plant growth, development and plasticity. Their distribution in plants has been described, but the importance of cell- and subcellular-type specific phytohormone homeostasis remains undefined. Herein, we revealed auxin and cytokinin distribution maps showing their different organelle-specific allocations within the Arabidopsis plant cell. To do so, we have developed Fluorescence-Activated multi-Organelle Sorting (FAmOS), an innovative subcellular fractionation technique based on flow cytometric principles. FAmOS allows the simultaneous sorting of four differently labelled organelles based on their individual light scatter and fluorescence parameters while ensuring hormone metabolic stability. Our data showed different subcellular distribution of auxin and cytokinins, revealing the formation of phytohormone gradients that have been suggested by the subcellular localization of auxin and cytokinin transporters, receptors and metabolic enzymes. Both hormones showed enrichment in vacuoles, while cytokinins were also accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Antoniadi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Chamrád
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - René Lenobel
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin F Kubeš
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183, Umeå, Sweden
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Cowling CL, Dash L, Kelley DR. Roles of auxin pathways in maize biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6989-6999. [PMID: 37493143 PMCID: PMC10690729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning, and defense responses. Auxin pathways have been extensively studied across numerous land plant lineages, including bryophytes and eudicots. In contrast, our understanding of the roles of auxin in maize morphogenesis and immune responses is limited. Here, we review evidence for auxin-mediated processes in maize and describe promising areas for future research in the auxin field. Several recent transcriptomic and genetic studies have demonstrated that auxin is a key influencer of both vegetative and reproductive development in maize (namely roots, leaves, and kernels). Auxin signaling has been implicated in both maize shoot architecture and immune responses through genetic and molecular analyses of the conserved co-repressor RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2. Polar auxin transport is linked to maize drought responses, root growth, shoot formation, and leaf morphogenesis. Notably, maize has been a key system for delineating auxin biosynthetic pathways and offers many opportunities for future investigations on auxin metabolism. In addition, crosstalk between auxin and other phytohormones has been uncovered through gene expression studies and is important for leaf and root development in maize. Collectively these studies point to auxin as a cornerstone for maize biology that could be leveraged for improved crop resilience and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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35
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Busoms S, Pérez-Martín L, Terés J, Huang XY, Yant L, Tolrà R, Salt DE, Poschenrieder C. Combined genomics to discover genes associated with tolerance to soil carbonate. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3986-3998. [PMID: 37565316 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbonate-rich soils limit plant performance and crop production. Previously, local adaptation to carbonated soils was detected in wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, allowing the selection of two demes with contrasting phenotypes: A1 (carbonate tolerant, c+) and T6 (carbonate sensitive, c-). Here, A1(c+) and T6(c - ) seedlings were grown hydroponically under control (pH 5.9) and bicarbonate conditions (10 mM NaHCO3 , pH 8.3) to obtain ionomic profiles and conduct transcriptomic analysis. In parallel, A1(c+) and T6(c - ) parental lines and their progeny were cultivated on carbonated soil to evaluate fitness and segregation patterns. To understand the genetic architecture beyond the contrasted phenotypes, a bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) was performed. Transcriptomics revealed 208 root and 2503 leaf differentially expressed genes in A1(c+) versus T6(c - ) comparison under bicarbonate stress, mainly involved in iron, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, hormones and glycosylates biosynthesis. Based on A1(c+) and T6(c - ) genome contrasts and BSA-Seq analysis, 69 genes were associated with carbonate tolerance. Comparative analysis of genomics and transcriptomics discovered a final set of 18 genes involved in bicarbonate stress responses that may have relevant roles in soil carbonate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Busoms
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Martín
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Terés
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xin-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Levi Yant
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Roser Tolrà
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton, UK
| | - Charlotte Poschenrieder
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology, and Ecology, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Bioscience Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Huang C, Jin X, Lin H, He J, Chen Y. Comparative Transcriptome Sequencing and Endogenous Phytohormone Content of Annual Grafted Branches of Zelkova schneideriana and Its Dwarf Variety HenTianGao. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16902. [PMID: 38069226 PMCID: PMC10706849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zelkova schneideriana is a fast-growing tree species endemic to China. Recent surveys and reports have highlighted a continued decline in its natural populations; therefore, it is included in the Red List of Threatened Species by The International Union for Conservation of Nature. A new variety "HenTianGao" (H) has been developed with smaller plant height, slow growth, and lower branching points. In this study, we attempted to understand the differences in plant height of Z. schneideriana (J) and its dwarf variety H. We determined the endogenous hormone content in the annual grafted branches of both J and H. J exhibited higher gibberellic acid (GA)-19 and trans-Zeatin (tZ) levels, whereas H had higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (OxIAA), IAA-Glu conjugate, and jasmonic acid (JA) (and its conjugate JA-Ile). The transcriptome comparison showed differential regulation of 20,944 genes enriched in growth and development, signaling, and metabolism-related pathways. The results show that the differential phytohormone level (IAA, JA, tZ, and GA) was consistent with the expression of the genes associated with their biosynthesis. The differences in relative OxIAA, IAA-Glu, GA19, trans-Zeatin, JA, and JA-Ile levels were linked to changes in respective signaling-related genes. We also observed significant differences in the expression of cell size, number, proliferation, cell wall biosynthesis, and remodeling-related genes in J and H. The differences in relative endogenous hormone levels, expression of biosynthesis, and signaling genes provide a theoretical basis for understanding the plant height differences in Z. schneideriana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (C.H.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (C.H.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jinsong He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (C.H.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (C.H.); (J.H.)
- Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Changsha 410004, China
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Shen L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Shen K, Guo Z. A transcriptional atlas identifies key regulators and networks for the development of spike tissues in barley. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113441. [PMID: 37971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain number and size determine grain yield in crops and are closely associated with spikelet fertility and grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Abortion of spikelet primordia within individual barley spikes causes a 30%-50% loss in the potential number of grains during development from the awn primordium stage to the tipping stage, after that grain filling is the primary factor regulating grain size. To identify transcriptional signatures associated with spike development, we use a six-rowed barley cultivar (Morex) to develop a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas containing 255 samples covering 17 stages and 5 positions along the spike. We identify several fundamental regulatory networks, in addition to key regulators of spike development and morphology. Specifically, we show HvGELP96, encoding a GDSL domain-containing protein, as a regulator of spikelet fertility and grain number. Our transcriptional atlas offers a powerful resource to answer fundamental questions in spikelet development and degeneration in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kuocheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
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Gélinas-Marion A, Eléouët MP, Cook SD, Vander Schoor JK, Abel SAG, Nichols DS, Smith JA, Hofer JMI, Ross JJ. Plant Development in the Garden Pea as Revealed by Mutations in the Crd/PsYUC1 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2115. [PMID: 38136938 PMCID: PMC10742580 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In common with other plant species, the garden pea (Pisum sativum) produces the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) from tryptophan via a single intermediate, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA). IPyA is converted to IAA by PsYUC1, also known as Crispoid (Crd). Here, we extend our understanding of the developmental processes affected by the Crd gene by examining the phenotypic effects of crd gene mutations on leaves, flowers, and roots. We show that in pea, Crd/PsYUC1 is important for the initiation and identity of leaflets and tendrils, stamens, and lateral roots. We also report on aspects of auxin deactivation in pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Gélinas-Marion
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; (A.G.-M.); (J.K.V.S.); (S.A.G.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Morgane P. Eléouët
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK;
| | - Sam D. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Umea University, Linnaeus vag 10, Kemi A3, 901 87 Umea, Sweden;
| | - Jacqueline K. Vander Schoor
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; (A.G.-M.); (J.K.V.S.); (S.A.G.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Steven A. G. Abel
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; (A.G.-M.); (J.K.V.S.); (S.A.G.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - David S. Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia;
| | - Jason A. Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; (A.G.-M.); (J.K.V.S.); (S.A.G.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julie M. I. Hofer
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK;
| | - John J. Ross
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Hobart 7001, Australia; (A.G.-M.); (J.K.V.S.); (S.A.G.A.); (J.A.S.)
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39
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Zhu Z, Yu T, Li F, Zhang Y, Liu C, Chen Q, Xin D. NopC/T/L Signal Crosstalk Gene GmPHT1-4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16521. [PMID: 38003711 PMCID: PMC10671193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic nodulation between leguminous plants and rhizobia is a critical biological interaction. The type III secretion system (T3SS) employed by rhizobia manipulates the host's nodulation signaling, analogous to mechanisms used by certain bacterial pathogens for effector protein delivery into host cells. This investigation explores the interactive signaling among type III effectors HH103ΩNopC, HH103ΩNopT, and HH103ΩNopL from SinoRhizobium fredii HH103. Experimental results revealed that these effectors positively regulate nodule formation. Transcriptomic analysis pinpointed GmPHT1-4 as the key gene facilitating this effector-mediated signaling. Overexpression of GmPHT1-4 enhances nodulation, indicating a dual function in nodulation and phosphorus homeostasis. This research elucidates the intricate regulatory network governing Rhizobium-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) interactions and the complex interplay between type III effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qingshan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
| | - Dawei Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.Z.); (T.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.Z.); (C.L.)
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40
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Zhou M, Wang J, Zhou J, Liu L, Yang R, Xu J, Liang M, Xu L. Exogenous IAA application affects the specific characteristics of fluoranthene distribution in Arabidopsis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115306. [PMID: 37515970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a crucial growth regulator involved in the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the precise physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying IAA-mediated plant growth and PAH accumulation are not yet fully understood. In this study, two distinct IAA-sensitive genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (wild type and Axr5 mutant) were chosen to investigate the mechanisms of fluoranthene (Flu) uptake and accumulation in plant tissues (roots and leaves) through physiological and molecular analyses. The results revealed that the Flu concentration in Axr5 leaves was significantly higher than that in wild-type (WT) leaves. In roots, the Flu content decreased significantly with increasing IAA treatment, while no significant changes were observed with lower IAA treatment. Principal component analysis demonstrated that Flu accumulation in Arabidopsis roots was associated with IAA concentrations, whereas Flu accumulation in leaves was dependent on the genotype. Moreover, Flu accumulation showed a positive correlation with the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and root length and a positive correlation with catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the leaves. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the expression of the ethylene-related gene ATERF6 and GST-related genes ATGSTF14 and ATGSTU27 in roots, as well as the POD-related genes AtPRX9 and AtPRX25 and CAT-related gene AtCAT3 in leaves, played a role in Flu accumulation. Furthermore, WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in roots and NAC TFs in leaves were identified as important regulators of Flu accumulation. Understanding the mechanisms of Flu uptake and accumulation in A. thaliana provides valuable insights for regulating PAH accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Zhou
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruixuan Yang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Li Xu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, China.
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41
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Tuan PA, Nguyen TN, Toora PK, Ayele BT. Temporal and spatial transcriptional regulation of phytohormone metabolism during seed development in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242913. [PMID: 37780505 PMCID: PMC10539596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones play important roles in seed development; however, transcriptional regulation of their metabolism and levels of the respective bioactive forms during barley seed development is poorly understood. To this end, this study performed a comprehensive analysis of changes in the expression patterns phytohormone metabolism genes and levels of the respective bioactive forms in the embryo and endosperm tissues. Our study showed the presence of elevated levels of abscisic acid (ABA), bioactive forms of gibberellins (GAs), jasmonate (JA) and cytokinins (CKs), auxin and salicylic acid (SA) in the endosperm and embryo tissues at early stage of seed filling (SF). The levels of all hormones in both tissues, except that of ABA, decreased to low levels during SF. In contrast, embryonic ABA level increased during SF and peaked at physiological maturity (PM) while the endospermic ABA was maintained at a similar level observed during SF. Although its level decreased high amount of ABA was still present in the embryo during post-PM. We detected low levels of ABA in the endosperm and all the other hormones in both tissues during post-PM phase except the relatively higher levels of jasmonoyl-isoleucine and SA detected at late stage of post-PM. Our data also showed that spatiotemporal changes in the levels of plant hormones during barley seed development are mediated by the expression of specific genes involved in their respective metabolic pathways. These results indicate that seed development in barley is mediated by spatiotemporal modulation in the metabolism and levels of plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Belay T. Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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42
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Solanki M, Shukla LI. Recent advances in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:290. [PMID: 37547917 PMCID: PMC10400529 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant proliferation is linked with auxins which in turn play a pivotal role in the rate of growth. Also, auxin concentrations could provide insights into the age, stress, and events leading to flowering and fruiting in the sessile plant kingdom. The role in rejuvenation and plasticity is now evidenced. Interest in plant auxins spans many decades, information from different plant families for auxin concentrations, transcriptional, and epigenetic evidences for gene regulation is evaluated here, for getting an insight into pattern of auxin biosynthesis. This biosynthesis takes place via an tryptophan-independent and tryptophan-dependent pathway. The independent pathway initiated before the tryptophan (trp) production involves indole as the primary substrate. On the other hand, the trp-dependent IAA pathway passes through the indole pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and indole acetamide (IAM) pathways. Investigations on trp-dependent pathways involved mutants, namely yucca (1-11), taa1, nit1, cyp79b and cyp79b2, vt2 and crd, and independent mutants of tryptophan, ins are compiled here. The auxin conjugates of the IAA amide and ester-linked mutant gh3, iar, ilr, ill, iamt1, ugt, and dao are remarkable and could facilitate the assimilation of auxins. Efforts are made herein to provide an up-to-date detailed information about biosynthesis leading to plant sustenance. The vast information about auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis is consolidated in this review with a simplified model of auxin biosynthesis with keys and clues for important missing links since auxins can enable the plants to proliferate and override the environmental influence and needs to be probed for applications in sustainable agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Puducherry, India
| | - Lata Israni Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
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43
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Zhu J, Lolle S, Tang A, Guel B, Kvitko B, Cole B, Coaker G. Single-cell profiling of Arabidopsis leaves to Pseudomonas syringae infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112676. [PMID: 37342910 PMCID: PMC10528479 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant response to pathogen infection varies within a leaf, yet this heterogeneity is not well resolved. We expose Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae or mock treatment and profile >11,000 individual cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. Integrative analysis of cell populations from both treatments identifies distinct pathogen-responsive cell clusters exhibiting transcriptional responses ranging from immunity to susceptibility. Pseudotime analyses through pathogen infection reveals a continuum of disease progression from an immune to a susceptible state. Confocal imaging of promoter-reporter lines for transcripts enriched in immune cell clusters shows expression surrounding substomatal cavities colonized or in close proximity to bacterial colonies, suggesting that cells within immune clusters represent sites of early pathogen invasion. Susceptibility clusters exhibit more general localization and are highly induced at later stages of infection. Overall, our work shows cellular heterogeneity within an infected leaf and provides insight into plant differential response to infection at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Signe Lolle
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrea Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bella Guel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin Cole
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Li Z, Liu Q, Zhao K, Cao D, Cao Z, Zhao K, Ma Q, Zhai G, Hu S, Li Z, Wang K, Gong F, Ma X, Zhang X, Ren R, Qiu D, Zhao Y, Yin D. Dynamic DNA methylation modification in peanut seed development. iScience 2023; 26:107062. [PMID: 37534185 PMCID: PMC10391728 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosine methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in regulation of plant development. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing peanut seed development remain unclear. Herein, we generated DNA methylation profiles of developmental seeds of peanut H2014 and its smaller seed mutant H1314 at 15 and 60 days after pegging (DAP, S1, S4). Accompanying seed development, globally elevated methylation was observed in both lines. The mutant had a higher methylation level of 31.1% than wild type at S4, and 27.1-35.9% of the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the two lines were distributed in promoter or genic regions at both stages. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analysis revealed important methylation variations closely associated with seed development. Furthermore, some genes showed significantly negative correlation of expression with the methylation level within promoter or gene body. The results provide insights into the roles of DNA methylation in peanut seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Di Cao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Zenghui Cao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Gaidan Zhai
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Sasa Hu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhan Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Kuopeng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Fangping Gong
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Ren
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Ding Qiu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
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Hladík P, Petřík I, Žukauskaitė A, Novák O, Pěnčík A. Metabolic profiles of 2-oxindole-3-acetyl-amino acid conjugates differ in various plant species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1217421. [PMID: 37534287 PMCID: PMC10390838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1217421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are a group of phytohormones that play a key role in plant growth and development, mainly presented by the major member of the family - indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The levels of free IAA are regulated, in addition to de novo biosynthesis, by irreversible oxidative catabolism and reversible conjugation with sugars and amino acids. These conjugates, which serve as inactive storage forms of auxin and/or degradation intermediates, can also be oxidized to form 2-oxindole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose (oxIAA-glc) and oxIAA-amino acids (oxIAA-AAs). Until now, only oxIAA conjugates with aspartate and glutamate have been identified in plants. However, detailed information on the endogenous levels of these and other putative oxIAA-amino acid conjugates in various plant species and their spatial distribution is still not well understood but is finally getting more attention. Herein, we identified and characterized two novel naturally occurring auxin metabolites in plants, namely oxIAA-leucine (oxIAA-Leu) and oxIAA-phenylalanine (oxIAA-Phe). Subsequently, a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of a wide range of IAA metabolites. Using this methodology, the quantitative determination of IAA metabolites including newly characterized oxIAA conjugates in roots, shoots and cotyledons of four selected plant models - Arabidopsis thaliana, pea (Pisum sativum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) was performed to compare auxin metabolite profiles. The distribution of various groups of auxin metabolites differed notably among the studied species as well as their sections. For example, oxIAA-AA conjugates were the major metabolites found in pea, while oxIAA-glc dominated in Arabidopsis. We further compared IAA metabolite levels in plants harvested at different growth stages to monitor the dynamics of IAA metabolite profiles during early seedling development. In general, our results show a great diversity of auxin inactivation pathways among angiosperm plants. We believe that our findings will greatly contribute to a better understanding of IAA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hladík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Ma Y, Li X, Wang F, Zhang L, Zhou S, Che X, Yu D, Liu X, Li Z, Sun H, Yu G, Zhang H. Structural and biochemical characterization of the key components of an auxin degradation operon from the rhizosphere bacterium Variovorax. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002189. [PMID: 37459330 PMCID: PMC10374108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated bacteria play important regulatory roles in modulating plant hormone auxin levels, affecting the growth and yields of crops. A conserved auxin degradation (iad) operon was recently identified in the Variovorax genomes, which is responsible for root growth inhibition (RGI) reversion, promoting rhizosphere colonization and root growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying auxin degradation by Variovorax remains unclear. Here, we systematically screened Variovorax iad operon products and identified 2 proteins, IadK2 and IadD, that directly associate with auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Further biochemical and structural studies revealed that IadK2 is a highly IAA-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter solute-binding protein (SBP), likely involved in IAA uptake. IadD interacts with IadE to form a functional Rieske non-heme dioxygenase, which works in concert with a FMN-type reductase encoded by gene iadC to transform IAA into the biologically inactive 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA), representing a new bacterial pathway for IAA inactivation/degradation. Importantly, incorporation of a minimum set of iadC/D/E genes could enable IAA transformation by Escherichia coli, suggesting a promising strategy for repurposing the iad operon for IAA regulation. Together, our study identifies the key components and underlying mechanisms involved in IAA transformation by Variovorax and brings new insights into the bacterial turnover of plant hormones, which would provide the basis for potential applications in rhizosphere optimization and ecological agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuzichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- YDS Pharmatech, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Xing Che
- YDS Pharmatech, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Dehao Yu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabing Sun
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guimei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Duan X, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen H, Wang F, Hu Y. Integrated physicochemical, hormonal, and transcriptomic analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of callus formation in Pinellia ternata hydroponic cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189499. [PMID: 37409296 PMCID: PMC10319145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction P. ternata is a perennial herb of the family Araceae that grows in China and has various medicinal properties and applications. At present, the artificial cultivation of P. ternata is constrained by seedling propagation. To address the problems of low seedling breeding propagation efficiency and high cost, our group has developed a highly efficient cultivation technology for "hydroponic cuttings of P. ternata "for the first time. P. ternata is used as the source material and is grown in a hydroponic system, increasing the seedling production rate 10-fold compared with the traditional cultivation mode. However, the callus formation mechanism in cuttings from hydroponic cultivation is still remains unclear. Methods In order to better understand the biological process of callus formation in cuttings from hydroponic P. ternata, anatomical characterization, endogenous hormone content determination and transcriptome sequencing were performed on five callus stages from early growth to early senescence. Results Regarding the four major hormones during the callus developmental stages of P. ternata hydroponic cuttings, cytokinins showed an increasing trend during callus formation. IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) and abscisic acid contents increased at 8d and then decreased, while jasmonic acid content gradually decreased. A total of 254137 unigenes were identified by transcriptome sequencing in five callus formation stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that differentially expressed unigenes were involved in various plant hormone signaling and hormone synthesis-related pathways. The expression patterns of 7 genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Discussion This study presented integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis approach to obtain insights into the underlying biosynthetic mechanisms and function of key hormones involved in the callus formation process from hydroponic P. ternata cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongping Chen
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
| | - Fu Wang
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
| | - Yuan Hu
- *Correspondence: Hongping Chen, ; Fu Wang, ; Yuan Hu,
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Jiang X, Lai S, Kong D, Hou X, Shi Y, Fu Z, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Al-induced CsUGT84J2 enhances flavonol and auxin accumulation to promote root growth in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad095. [PMID: 37350798 PMCID: PMC10282599 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Although Al is not necessary or even toxic to most plants, it is beneficial for the growth of tea plants. However, the mechanism through which Al promotes root growth in tea plants remains unclear. In the present study, we found that flavonol glycoside levels in tea roots increased following Al treatment, and the Al-induced UDP glycosyltransferase CsUGT84J2 was involved in this mechanism. Enzyme activity assays revealed that rCsUGT84J2 exhibited catalytic activity on multiple types of substrates, including phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxins in vitro. Furthermore, metabolic analysis with UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed significantly increased flavonol and auxin glycoside accumulation in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, the expression of genes involved in the flavonol pathway as well as in the auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling pathways was remarkably enhanced. Additionally, lateral root growth and exogenous Al stress tolerance were significantly improved in transgenic A. thaliana. Moreover, gene expression and metabolic accumulation related to phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxin were upregulated in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing tea plants but downregulated in CsUGT84J2-silenced tea plants. In conclusion, Al treatment induced CsUGT84J2 expression, mediated flavonol and auxin glycosylation, and regulated endogenous auxin homeostasis in tea roots, thereby promoting the growth of tea plants. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the precise mechanisms through which Al promotes the growth of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dexu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Tao Xia
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Brunoni F, Pěnčík A, Žukauskaitė A, Ament A, Kopečná M, Collani S, Kopečný D, Novák O. Amino acid conjugation of oxIAA is a secondary metabolic regulation involved in auxin homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2264-2270. [PMID: 36941219 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brunoni
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Anita Ament
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kopečná
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Silvio Collani
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90736, Sweden
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
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Padilla YG, Gisbert-Mullor R, Bueso E, Zhang L, Forment J, Lucini L, López-Galarza S, Calatayud Á. New Insights Into Short-term Water Stress Tolerance Through Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses on Pepper Roots. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111731. [PMID: 37196901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the current climate change scenario, water stress is a serious threat to limit crop growth and yields. It is necessary to develop tolerant plants that cope with water stress and, for this purpose, tolerance mechanisms should be studied. NIBER® is a proven water stress- and salt-tolerant pepper hybrid rootstock (Gisbert-Mullor et al., 2020; López-Serrano et al., 2020), but tolerance mechanisms remain unclear. In this experiment, NIBER® and A10 (a sensitive pepper accession (Penella et al., 2014)) response to short-term water stress at 5 h and 24 h was studied in terms of gene expression and metabolites content in roots. GO terms and gene expression analyses evidenced constitutive differences in the transcriptomic profile of NIBER® and A10, associated with detoxification systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Upon water stress, transcription factors like DREBs and MYC are upregulated and the levels of auxins, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid are increased in NIBER®. NIBER® tolerance mechanisms involve an increase in osmoprotectant sugars (i.e., trehalose, raffinose) and in antioxidants (spermidine), but lower contents of oxidized glutathione compared to A10, which indicates less oxidative damage. Moreover, the gene expression for aquaporins and chaperones is enhanced. These results show the main NIBER® strategies to overcome water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Gara Padilla
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, CV-315, Km 10,7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Gisbert-Mullor
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, CVER, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-C.S.I.C., Valencia, Spain
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Javier Forment
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-C.S.I.C., Valencia, Spain
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Salvador López-Galarza
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, CVER, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Calatayud
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, CV-315, Km 10,7, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain.
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