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Dziewit K, Amakorová P, Novák O, Szal B, Podgórska A. Systemic strategies for cytokinin biosynthesis and catabolism in Arabidopsis roots and leaves under prolonged ammonium nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108858. [PMID: 38924907 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cytokinins are growth-regulating plant hormones that are considered to adjust plant development under environmental stresses. During sole ammonium nutrition, a condition known to induce growth retardation of plants, altered cytokinin content can contribute to the characteristic ammonium toxicity syndrome. To understand the metabolic changes in cytokinin pools, cytokinin biosynthesis and degradation were analyzed in the leaves and roots of mature Arabidopsis plants. We found that in leaves of ammonium-grown plants, despite induction of biosynthesis on the expression level, there was no active cytokinin build-up because they were effectively routed toward their downstream catabolites. In roots, cytokinin conjugation was also induced, together with low expression of major synthetic enzymes, resulting in a decreased content of the trans-zeatin form under ammonium conditions. Based on these results, we hypothesized that in leaves and roots, cytokinin turnover is the major regulator of the cytokinin pool and does not allow active cytokinins to accumulate. A potent negative-regulator of root development is trans-zeatin, therefore its low level in mature root tissues of ammonium-grown plants may be responsible for occurrence of a wide root system. Additionally, specific cytokinin enhancement in apical root tips may evoke a short root phenotype in plants under ammonium conditions. The ability to flexibly regulate cytokinin metabolism and distribution in root and shoot tissues can contribute to adjusting plant development in response to ammonium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Dziewit
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Petra Amakorová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 01, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wdowiak A, Kryzheuskaya K, Podgórska A, Paterczyk B, Zebrowski J, Archacki R, Szal B. Ammonium nutrition modifies cellular calcium distribution influencing ammonium-induced growth inhibition. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 298:154264. [PMID: 38744182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Proper plant growth requires balanced nutrient levels. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between ammonium (NH4+) nutrition and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in the leaf tissues of wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis specimens provided with different nitrogen sources (NH4+ and nitrate, NO3-). Providing plants with NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis, which is essential for activating signaling pathways and maintaining the cell wall structure. The results revealed that the lower Ca2+ content in Arabidopsis leaves under NH4+ stress might result from reduced transpiration pull, which could impair root-to-shoot Ca2+ transport. Moreover, NH4+ nutrition increased the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for exporting Ca2+ from the cytosol of leaf cells. Furthermore, overexpression of the Ca2+/H+ antiporter 1 (CAX1) gene alleviates the effects of NH4+ syndrome, including stunted growth. The oeCAX1 plants, characterized by a lower apoplastic Ca2+ level, grew better under NH4+ stress than wild-type plants. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of the leaf blades, including stiffness, strength, toughness, and extensibility, showed that the wild-type and oeCAX1 plants responded differently to the nitrogen source, highlighting the role of cell wall metabolism in inhibiting the growth of NH4+-stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wdowiak
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Wang X, Cheng L, Xiong C, Whalley WR, Miller AJ, Rengel Z, Zhang F, Shen J. Understanding plant-soil interactions underpins enhanced sustainability of crop production. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00126-2. [PMID: 38897884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The Green Revolution transformed agriculture with high-yielding, stress-resistant varieties. However, the urgent need for more sustainable agricultural development presents new challenges: increasing crop yield, improving nutritional quality, and enhancing resource-use efficiency. Soil plays a vital role in crop-production systems and ecosystem services, providing water, nutrients, and physical anchorage for crop growth. Despite advancements in plant and soil sciences, our understanding of belowground plant-soil interactions, which impact both crop performance and soil health, remains limited. Here, we argue that a lack of understanding of these plant-soil interactions hinders sustainable crop production. We propose that targeted engineering of crops and soils can provide a fresh approach to achieve higher yields, more efficient sustainable crop production, and improved soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanyong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Horticultural Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - William R Whalley
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Biochemistry and Metabolism Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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da Silva RC, Oliveira HC, Igamberdiev AU, Stasolla C, Gaspar M. Interplay between nitric oxide and inorganic nitrogen sources in root development and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 297:154241. [PMID: 38640547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants, and the sources from which it is obtained can differently affect their entire development as well as stress responses. Distinct inorganic N sources (nitrate and ammonium) can lead to fluctuations in the nitric oxide (NO) levels and thus interfere with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses. These could lead to changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, hormone synthesis and signaling, and post-translational modifications of key proteins. As the consensus suggests that NO is primarily synthesized in the reductive pathways involving nitrate and nitrite reduction, it is expected that plants grown in a nitrate-enriched environment will produce more NO than those exposed to ammonium. Although the interplay between NO and different N sources in plants has been investigated, there are still many unanswered questions that require further elucidation. By building on previous knowledge regarding NO and N nutrition, this review expands the field by examining in more detail how NO responses are influenced by different N sources, focusing mainly on root development and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Caetano da Silva
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Marilia Gaspar
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil.
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Zhang T, Li Q, Yang X, Zheng D, Deng H, Zeng Z, Yu J, Wang Q, Shi Y, Wang S, Pi K, Gerson AR. Pb contaminated soil from a lead-acid battery plant immobilized by municipal sludge and raw clay. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2796-2808. [PMID: 36862520 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2187319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to the eco-environment. Municipal sludge-based passivators and clay minerals have been widely applied to immobilize heavy metal contamination in soils. However, little is known about the immobilization effect and mechanisms of raw municipal sludge and clay in reducing the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils. Here, municipal sludge, raw clay and mixtures of thereof were used to remediate Pb-contaminated soil from a Pb-acid battery factory. The remediation performance was evaluated through acid leaching, sequential extraction, and plant assay. Results showed that the leachable Pb content in the soil decreased from 5.0 mg kg-1 to 4.8, 4.8 and 4.4 mg kg-1 after 30 d of remediation with MS and RC added at equal weights to give total dosage of 20, 40 wt% and 60 wt %, respectively. The leachable Pb further decreased to 1.7, 2.0 and 1.7 mg kg-1 after 180 d of remediation. Speciation analysis of the soil Pb indicated that the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Pb were transformed into residual Pb in the early stage of remediation, and the carbonate-bound Pb and organic matter-bound Pb were transformed into residual Pb in the later stage of remediation. As a result, Pb accumulation in mung beans decreased by 78.5%, 81.1% and 83.4% after 180 days of remediation. These results indicate that the leaching toxicity and phytotoxicity of Pb in remediated soils were significantly reduced, presenting a better and low-cost method for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Demin Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijia Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahai Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhong Wang
- CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sulian Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- CCCC Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewu Pi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River - Lakes and Algal Utilization, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Wang L, Zhang B, Fang Y, Yin H, Fu S, Chang SX, Cai Y. Distinct effects of canopy vs understory and organic vs inorganic N deposition on root resource acquisition strategies of subtropical Moso bamboo plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172424. [PMID: 38614348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition inevitably alters soil nutrient status, subsequently prompting plants to modify their root morphology (i.e., adopting a do-it-yourself strategy), mycorrhizal symbioses (i.e., outsourcing strategy), and root exudation (i.e., nutrient-mining strategy) linking with resource acquisition. However, how N deposition influences the integrated pattern of these resource-acquisition strategies remains unclear. Furthermore, most studies in forest ecosystems have focused on understory N and inorganic N deposition, neglecting canopy-associated processes (e.g., N interception and assimilation) and the impacts of organic N on root functional traits. In this study, we compared the effects of canopy vs understory, organic vs inorganic N deposition on eight root functional traits of Moso bamboo plants. Our results showed that N deposition significantly decreased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization, altered root exudation rate and root foraging traits (branching intensity, specific root area, and length), but did not influence root tissue density and N concentration. Moreover, the impacts of N deposition on root functional traits varied significantly with deposition approach (canopy vs. understory), form (organic vs. inorganic), and their interaction, showing variations in both intensity and direction (positive/negative). Furthermore, specific root area and length were positively correlated with AMF colonization under canopy N deposition and root exudation rate in understory N deposition. Root trait variation under understory N deposition, but not under canopy N deposition, was classified into the collaboration gradient and the conservation gradient. These findings imply that coordination of nutrient-acquisition strategies dependent on N deposition approach. Overall, this study provides a holistic understanding of the impacts of N deposition on root resource-acquisition strategies. Our results indicate that the evaluation of N deposition on fine roots in forest ecosystems might be biased if N is added understory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yunying Fang
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 4111, Queensland, Australia
| | - Huajun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Environment and Resources, College of Carbon Neutrality, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Li G, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang Z, Wang M, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Plant iron status regulates ammonium-use efficiency through protein N-glycosylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1712-1727. [PMID: 38401163 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Improving nitrogen-use efficiency is an important path toward enhancing crop yield and alleviating the environmental impacts of fertilizer use. Ammonium (NH4+) is the energetically preferred inorganic N source for plants. The interaction of NH4+ with other nutrients is a chief determinant of ammonium-use efficiency (AUE) and of the tipping point toward ammonium toxicity, but these interactions have remained ill-defined. Here, we report that iron (Fe) accumulation is a critical factor determining AUE and have identified a substance that can enhance AUE by manipulating Fe availability. Fe accumulation under NH4+ nutrition induces NH4+ efflux in the root system, reducing both growth and AUE in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Low external availability of Fe and a low plant Fe status substantially enhance protein N-glycosylation through a Vitamin C1-independent pathway, thereby reducing NH4+ efflux to increase AUE during the vegetative stage in Arabidopsis under elevated NH4+ supply. We confirm the validity of the iron-ammonium interaction in the important crop species lettuce (Lactuca sativa). We further show that dolomite can act as an effective substrate to subdue Fe accumulation under NH4+ nutrition by reducing the expression of Low Phosphate Root 2 and acidification of the rhizosphere. Our findings present a strategy to improve AUE and reveal the underlying molecular-physiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jinlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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Li C, Li Y, Yang J, Lian B, Wang J, Zou G. Regulating root structure of potted lettuce to magnify absorption from APP and UAN fertilizers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1407984. [PMID: 38882568 PMCID: PMC11177227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1407984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Improvement of root architecture is crucial to increasing nutrient acquisition. Methods Two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of urea ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on lettuce root architecture and the relationship between roots and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorption. Results The results showed that lettuce yield, quality, and root architecture were superior in the APP4 treatment compared to other P fertilizer treatments. The N480 treatment (480 mg N kg-1 UAN) significantly outperformed other N treatments in terms of root length, root surface area, and root volume. There were significant quantitative relationships between root architecture indices and crop uptake of N and P. The relationships between P uptake and root length and root surface area followed power functions. Crop N uptake was significantly linearly related to the length of fine roots with a diameter of <0.5 mm. Conclusion and discussion The length of fine roots played a more prominent role in promoting N absorption, while overall root size was more important for P absorption. APP has a threshold of 9.3 mg P kg-1 for stimulating the root system. Above this threshold, a rapid increase in root absorption of P. UAN can promote extensive growth of fine roots with a diameter less than 0.5 mm. Applying appropriate rates of APP and limiting UAN application to less than 400 mg N kg-1 can improve root architecture to enhance N and P absorption by lettuce. These results highlight a new possibility to improve nutrients use efficiency while maintaining high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yahao Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Greenhouse Management, Beijing Cuihu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jungang Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingrui Lian
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Thiengo CC, Galindo FS, Bernardes JVS, da Rocha LO, da Silva CD, Burak DL, Lavres J. Nitrogen fertilization regulates crosstalk between marandu palisadegrass and Herbaspirillum seropedicae: An investigation based on 15N isotopic analysis and root morphology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118345. [PMID: 38331147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Strategies seeking to increase the use efficiency of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and that benefit plant growth through multiple mechanisms can reduce production costs and contribute to more sustainable agriculture free of polluting residues. Under controlled conditions, we investigated the compatibility between foliar inoculation with an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium (Herbaspirillum seropedicae HRC54) at control and low, medium and high N fertilization levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg of N kg-1 as urea, respectively) in Marandu palisadegrass. Common procedures in our research field (biometric and nutritional assessments) were combined with isotopic techniques (natural abundance - δ15N‰ and 15N isotope dilution) and root scanning to determine the contribution of fixed N and recovery of N fertilizer by the grass. Overall, the combined use of 15N isotopic techniques revealed that inoculation not only improved the recovery of applied N-urea from the soil but also provided fixed nitrogen to Marandu palisade grass, resulting in an increase in the total accumulated N. When inoculated plants grew at control and low levels of N, a positive cascade effect encompassing root growth stimulation (nodes of smaller diameter roots), better soil and fertilizer resource exploitation and increased forage production was observed. In contrast, increasing N reduced the contributions of N fixed by H. seropedicae from 21.5% at the control level to 8.6% at the high N level. Given the minimal to no observed growth promotion, this condition was deemed inhibitory to the positive effects of H. seropedicae. We discuss how to make better use of H. seropedicae inoculation in Marandu palisadegrass, albeit on a small scale, thus contributing to a more rational and efficient use of N fertilizers. Finally, we pose questions for future investigations based on 15N isotopic techniques under field conditions, which have great applicability potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Carlette Thiengo
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Shintate Galindo
- Faculty of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Dracena, 17900-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Leticia Oliveira da Rocha
- Nucleus for the Development of Biological Inputs for Agriculture, North Fluminense State University Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Diego da Silva
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Diego Lang Burak
- Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alegre, 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13416-000, Brazil.
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Al-Mamun MH, Cazzonelli CI, Krishna P. BZR1 and BES1 transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid control over root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1387321. [PMID: 38779077 PMCID: PMC11109456 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1387321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants modify their root system architecture (RSA) in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency. The plant steroidal hormone, brassinosteroid (BR), plays important roles in root growth and development. This study demonstrates that optimal levels of exogenous BR impact significant increases in lateral root length and numbers in Arabidopsis seedlings under mild N-deficient conditions as compared to untreated seedlings. The impact of BR on RSA was stronger under mild N deficiency than under N-sufficient conditions. The BR effects on RSA were mimicked in dominant mutants of BZR1 and BES1 (bzr1-1D and bes1-D) transcription factors, while the RSA was highly reduced in the BR-insensitive mutant bri1-6, confirming that BR signaling is essential for the development of RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions. Exogenous BR and constitutive activity of BZR1 and BES1 in dominant mutants led to enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length. Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D displayed higher fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll content, and N levels in the shoot, as compared to the wild type. These results indicate that BR modulates RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 module and confers tolerance to N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priti Krishna
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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11
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Blume-Werry G, Semenchuk P, Ljung K, Milbau A, Novak O, Olofsson J, Brunoni F. In situ seasonal patterns of root auxin concentrations and meristem length in an arctic sedge. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:988-999. [PMID: 38375943 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal dynamics of root growth play an important role in large-scale ecosystem processes; they are largely governed by growth regulatory compounds and influenced by environmental conditions. Yet, our knowledge about physiological drivers of root growth is mostly limited to laboratory-based studies on model plant species. We sampled root tips of Eriophorum vaginatum and analyzed their auxin concentrations and meristem lengths biweekly over a growing season in situ in a subarctic peatland, both in surface soil and at the permafrost thawfront. Auxin concentrations were almost five times higher in surface than in thawfront soils and increased over the season, especially at the thawfront. Surprisingly, meristem length showed an opposite pattern and was almost double in thawfront compared with surface soils. Meristem length increased from peak to late season in the surface soils but decreased at the thawfront. Our study of in situ seasonal dynamics in root physiological parameters illustrates the potential for physiological methods to be applied in ecological studies and emphasizes the importance of in situ measurements. The strong effect of root location and the unexpected opposite patterns of meristem length and auxin concentrations likely show that auxin actively governs root growth to ensure a high potential for nutrient uptake at the thawfront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Blume-Werry
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Arctic Biology, UNIS - The University Centre in Svalbard, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann Milbau
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Federica Brunoni
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Zeng H, Chen H, Zhang M, Ding M, Xu F, Yan F, Kinoshita T, Zhu Y. Plasma membrane H +-ATPases in mineral nutrition and crop improvement. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00052-9. [PMID: 38582687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membrane H+-ATPases (PMAs) pump H+ out of the cytoplasm by consuming ATP to generate a membrane potential and proton motive force for the transmembrane transport of nutrients into and out of plant cells. PMAs are involved in nutrient acquisition by regulating root growth, nutrient uptake, and translocation, as well as the establishment of symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizas. Under nutrient stresses, PMAs are activated to pump more H+ and promote organic anion excretion, thus improving nutrient availability in the rhizosphere. Herein we review recent progress in the physiological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of PMAs in the efficient acquisition and utilization of various nutrients in plants. We also discuss perspectives for the application of PMAs in improving crop production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kharkiv Institute at Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kharkiv Institute at Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Maoxing Zhang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Ming Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation, College of JunCao Science and Ecology (College of Carbon Neutrality), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 4660824, Japan.
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Burian M, Podgórska A, Kryzheuskaya K, Gieczewska K, Sliwinska E, Szal B. Ammonium treatment inhibits cell cycle activity and induces nuclei endopolyploidization in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2024; 259:94. [PMID: 38509428 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study determined the effect of ammonium supply on the cell division process and showed that ammonium-dependent elevated reactive oxygen species production could mediate the downregulation of the cell cycle-related gene expression. Plants grown under high-ammonium conditions show stunted growth and other toxicity symptoms, including oxidative stress. However, how ammonium regulates the development of plants remains unknown. Growth is defined as an increase in cell volume or proliferation. In the present study, ammonium-related changes in cell cycle activity were analyzed in seedlings, apical buds, and young leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In all experimental ammonium treatments, the genes responsible for regulating cell cycle progression, such as cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, were downregulated in the studied tissues. Thus, ammonium nutrition could be considered to reduce cell proliferation; however, the cause of this phenomenon may be secondary. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced in large amounts in response to ammonium nutrition, can act as intermediates in this process. Indeed, high ROS levels resulting from H2O2 treatment or reduced ROS production in rbohc mutants, similar to ammonium-triggered ROS, correlated with altered cell cycle-related gene expression. It can be concluded that the characteristic ammonium growth suppression may be executed by enhanced ROS metabolism to inhibit cell cycle activity. This study provides a base for future research in determining the mechanism behind ammonium-induced dwarfism in plants, and strategies to mitigate such stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Burian
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elwira Sliwinska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Huang Y, Ji Z, Zhang S, Li S. Function of hormone signaling in regulating nitrogen-use efficiency in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 294:154191. [PMID: 38335845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for crop plant performance, however, the excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture significantly increases production costs and causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N-use efficiency (NUE) with the aim of developing new crop varieties that combine high yields with improved NUE is an urgent goal for achieving more sustainable agriculture. Plant NUE is a complex trait that is affected by multiple factors, of which hormones are known to play pivotal roles. In this review, we focus on the interaction between the biosynthesis and signaling pathways of plant hormones with N metabolism, and summarize recent studies on the interplay between hormones and N, including how N regulates multiple hormone biosynthesis, transport and signaling and how hormones modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to external N sources. Finally, we explore potential strategies for promoting crop NUE by modulating hormone synthesis, transport and signaling. This provides insights for future breeding of N-efficient crop varieties and the advancement of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Li S, Yan L, Zhang W, Yi C, Haider S, Wang C, Liu Y, Shi L, Xu F, Ding G. Nitrate alleviates ammonium toxicity in Brassica napus by coordinating rhizosphere and cell pH and ammonium assimilation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:786-804. [PMID: 37955989 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In natural and agricultural situations, ammonium (NH 4 + ) is a preferred nitrogen (N) source for plants, but excessive amounts can be hazardous to them, known asNH 4 + toxicity. Nitrate (NO 3 - ) has long been recognized to reduceNH 4 + toxicity. However, little is known about Brassica napus, a major oil crop that is sensitive to highNH 4 + . Here, we found thatNO 3 - can mitigateNH 4 + toxicity by balancing rhizosphere and intracellular pH and accelerating ammonium assimilation in B. napus.NO 3 - increased the uptake ofNO 3 - andNH 4 + under highNH 4 + circumstances by triggering the expression ofNO 3 - andNH 4 + transporters, whileNO 3 - and H+ efflux from the cytoplasm to the apoplast was enhanced by promoting the expression ofNO 3 - efflux transporters and genes encoding plasma membrane H+ -ATPase. In addition,NO 3 - increased pH in the cytosol, vacuole, and rhizosphere, and down-regulated genes induced by acid stress. Root glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was elevated byNO 3 - under highNH 4 + conditions to enhance the assimilation ofNH 4 + into amino acids, thereby reducingNH 4 + accumulation and translocation to shoot in rapeseed. In addition, root GS activity was highly dependent on the environmental pH.NO 3 - might induce metabolites involved in amino acid biosynthesis and malate metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and inhibit phenylpropanoid metabolism to mitigateNH 4 + toxicity. Collectively, our results indicate thatNO 3 - balances both rhizosphere and intracellular pH via effectiveNO 3 - transmembrane cycling, acceleratesNH 4 + assimilation, and up-regulates malate metabolism to mitigateNH 4 + toxicity in oilseed rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ceng Yi
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sharjeel Haider
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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16
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Jiang N, Zou T, Huang H, Li C, Xia Y, Yang L. Auxin synthesis promotes N metabolism and optimizes root structure enhancing N acquirement in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTA 2024; 259:46. [PMID: 38285079 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Foliar NAA increases photosynthate supplied by enhancing photosynthesis, to strengthen root activity and provide a large sink for root carbohydrate accumulation, which is beneficial to acquire more nitrogen. The improvement of grain yield is an effective component in the food security. Auxin acts as a well-known plant hormone, plays an important role in maize growth and nutrient uptake. In this study, with maize variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) as material, the effects of auxin on nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation of seedling maize were studied by hydroponic experiments. With water as the control, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, 0.1 mmol/L) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 0.1 mmol/L, an auxin synthesis inhibitor) were used for foliar spraying. The results showed that NAA significantly improved photosynthetic rate and plant biomass by 58.6% and 91.7%, respectively, while the effect of AVG was opposite to that of NAA. At the same time, key enzymes activities related N assimilation in NAA leaves were significantly increased, and the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) were increased by 32.3%, 22.9%, and 16.2% in new leaves. Furthermore, NAA treatment promoted underground growth. When compared with control, total root length, root surface area, root tip number, branch number and root activity were significantly increased by 37.8%, 22.2%, 35.1%, 28.8% and 21.2%. Root growth is beneficial to N capture in maize. Ultimately, the total N accumulation of NAA treatment was significantly increased by 74.5%, as compared to the control. In conclusion, NAA foliar spraying increased endogenous IAA content, and enhanced the activity of N assimilation-related enzymes and photosynthesis rate, in order to build a large sink for carbohydrate accumulation. In addition, NAA strengthened root activity and regulated root morphology and architecture, which facilitated further N uptake and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zou
- Yiyang City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yiyang, 413046, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Changde Cigarette Factory, Changde, 415200, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Li
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Xia
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Li Y, Chen Y, Fu Y, Shao J, Liu Y, Xuan W, Xu G, Zhang R. Signal communication during microbial modulation of root system architecture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:526-537. [PMID: 37419655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Every living organism on Earth depends on its interactions with other organisms. In the rhizosphere, plants and microorganisms constantly exchange signals and influence each other's behavior. Recent studies have shown that many beneficial rhizosphere microbes can produce specific signaling molecules that affect plant root architecture and therefore could have substantial effects on above-ground growth. This review examines these chemical signals and summarizes their mechanisms of action, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and providing references for the comprehensive development and utilization of these active components in agricultural production. In addition, we highlight future research directions and challenges, such as searching for microbial signals to induce primary root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yansong Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahui Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruifu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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18
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Li D, Wu X, Huang C, Lin Q, Wang Y, Yang X, Wang C, Xuan Y, Wei S, Mei Q. Enhanced Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight through Nitrate Transporter 1.1B Mutation without Yield Loss under NH 4+ Fertilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19958-19969. [PMID: 38085756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization can promote rice yield but decrease resistance to sheath blight (ShB). In this study, the nitrate transporter 1.1b (nrt1.1b) mutant that exhibited less susceptibility to ShB but without compromising yield under NH4+ fertilization was screened. NRT1.1B's regulation of ShB resistance was independent of the total nitrogen concentration in rice under NH4+ conditions. In nrt1.1b mutant plants, the NH4+ application modulated auxin signaling, chlorophyll content, and phosphate signaling to promote ShB resistance. Furthermore, the findings indicated that NRT1.1B negatively regulated ShB resistance by positively modulating the expression of H+-ATPase gene OSA3 and phosphate transport gene PT8. The mutation of OSA3 and PT8 promoted ShB resistance by increasing the apoplastic pH in rice. Our study identified the ShB resistance mutant nrt1.1b, which maintained normal nitrogen use efficiency without compromising yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujun Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110161, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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19
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Clemens S. Roots dOdge streSs. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1885-1886. [PMID: 37876160 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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20
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Puccio G, Ingraffia R, Giambalvo D, Frenda AS, Harkess A, Sunseri F, Mercati F. Exploring the genetic landscape of nitrogen uptake in durum wheat: genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of NPF and NRT2 gene families. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302337. [PMID: 38023895 PMCID: PMC10665861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate uptake by plants primarily relies on two gene families: Nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter (NPF) and Nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2). Here, we extensively characterized the NPF and NRT2 families in the durum wheat genome, revealing 211 NPF and 20 NRT2 genes. The two families share many Cis Regulatory Elements (CREs) and Transcription Factor binding sites, highlighting a partially overlapping regulatory system and suggesting a coordinated response for nitrate transport and utilization. Analyzing RNA-seq data from 9 tissues and 20 cultivars, we explored expression profiles and co-expression relationships of both gene families. We observed a strong correlation between nucleotide variation and gene expression within the NRT2 gene family, implicating a shared selection mechanism operating on both coding and regulatory regions. Furthermore, NPF genes showed highly tissue-specific expression profiles, while NRT2s were mainly divided in two co-expression modules, one expressed in roots (NAR2/NRT3 dependent) and the other induced in anthers and/ovaries during maturation. Our evidences confirmed that the majority of these genes were retained after small-scale duplication events, suggesting a neo- or sub-functionalization of many NPFs and NRT2s. Altogether, these findings indicate that the expansion of these gene families in durum wheat could provide valuable genetic variability useful to identify NUE-related and candidate genes for future breeding programs in the context of low-impact and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Puccio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosolino Ingraffia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso S. Frenda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alex Harkess
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
- Department Agraria , University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Cheng G, Zhang X, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Jing L, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang W. Tree diversity, growth status, and spatial distribution affected soil N availability and N 2O efflux: Interaction with soil physiochemical properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118375. [PMID: 37356331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for tree growth, and excessive N is a source of pollution. This paper aims to define the effects of plant diversity and forest structure on various aspects of soil N cycling. Herein, we collected soils from 720 plots to measure total N content (TN), alkali-hydrolyzed N (AN), nitrate N (NO3--N), ammonium N (NH4+-N) in a 7.2 ha experimental forest in northeast China. Four plant diversity indices, seven structural metrics, four soil properties, and in situ N2O efflux were also measured. We found that: 1) high tree diversity had 1.3-1.4-fold NO3--N, 1.1-fold NH4+-N, and 1.5-1.8-fold N2O efflux (p < 0.05). 2) Tree growth decreased soil TN, AN, and NO3--N by more than 13%, and tree mixing and un-uniform distribution increased TN, AN, and NH4+-N by 11-22%. 3) Soil organic carbon (SOC) explained 34.3% of the N variations, followed by soil water content (1.5%), tree diameter (1.5%) and pH (1%), and soil bulk density (0.5%). SOC had the most robust linear relations to TN (R2 = 0.59) and AN (R2 = 0.5). 4) The partial least squares path model revealed that the tree diversity directly increased NO3--N, NH4+-N, and N2O efflux, and they were strengthened indirectly from soil properties by 1%-4%. The effects of tree size-density (-0.24) and spatial structure (0.16) were mainly achieved via their soil interaction and thus indirectly decreased NH4+-N, AN, and TN. Overall, high tree diversity forests improved soil N availability and N2O efflux, and un-uniform spatial tree assemblages could partially balance the soil N consumed by tree growth. Our data support soil N management in high northern hemisphere temperate forests from tree diversity and forest structural regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Meina Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, 130102, China.
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22
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Wang HQ, Zhao XY, Xuan W, Wang P, Zhao FJ. Rice roots avoid asymmetric heavy metal and salinity stress via an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1678-1694. [PMID: 37735869 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Root developmental plasticity is crucial for plants to adapt to a changing soil environment, where nutrients and abiotic stress factors are distributed heterogeneously. How plant roots sense and avoid heterogeneous abiotic stress in soil remains unclear. Here, we show that, in response to asymmetric stress of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, or lead) and salt, rice roots rapidly proliferate lateral roots (LRs) in the stress-free area, thereby remodeling root architecture to avoid localized stress. Imaging and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that asymmetric stress induces a ROS burst in the tips of the exposed roots and simultaneously triggers rapid systemic ROS signaling to the unexposed roots. Addition of a ROS scavenger to either the stressed or stress-free area abolished systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation induced by asymmetric stress. Asymmetric stress also enhanced cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) signaling; blocking Ca2+signaling inhibited systemic ROS propagation and LR branching in the stress-free area. We identified two plasma-membrane-localized respiratory burst oxidase homologs, OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI, as key players in systemic ROS signaling under asymmetric stress. Expression of OsRBOHA and OsRBOHI in roots was upregulated by Cd stress, and knockout of either gene reduced systemic ROS signaling and LR proliferation under asymmetric stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that auxin signaling and cell wall remodeling act downstream of the systemic ROS signaling to promote LR development. Collectively, our study reveals an RBOH-ROS-auxin signaling cascade that enables rice roots to avoid localized stress of heavy metals and salt and provides new insight into root system plasticity in heterogenous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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23
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Gharabli H, Della Gala V, Welner DH. The function of UDP-glycosyltransferases in plants and their possible use in crop protection. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108182. [PMID: 37268151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from a donor to an acceptor. Members of this enzyme class are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms of life and are involved in the biosynthesis of countless types of glycosides. Family 1 glycosyltransferases, also referred to as uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glycosylate small molecules such as secondary metabolites and xenobiotics. In plants, UGTs are recognised for their multiple functionalities ranging from roles in growth regulation and development, in protection against pathogens and abiotic stresses and in adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we review UGT-mediated glycosylation of phytohormones, endogenous secondary metabolites, and xenobiotics and contextualise the role this chemical modification plays in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses and plant fitness. Here, the potential advantages and drawbacks of altering the expression patterns of specific UGTs along with the heterologous expression of UGTs across plant species to improve stress tolerance in plants are discussed. We conclude that UGT-based genetic modification of plants could potentially enhance agricultural efficiency and take part in controlling the biological activity of xenobiotics in bioremediation strategies. However, more knowledge of the intricate interplay between UGTs in plants is needed to unlock the full potential of UGTs in crop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Gharabli
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Valeria Della Gala
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hededam Welner
- The Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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24
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Jia Z, Giehl RFH, Hartmann A, Estevez JM, Bennett MJ, von Wirén N. A spatially concerted epidermal auxin signaling framework steers the root hair foraging response under low nitrogen. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3926-3941.e5. [PMID: 37699396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
As a major determinant of the nutrient-acquiring root surface, root hairs (RHs) provide a low-input strategy to enhance nutrient uptake. Although primary and lateral roots exhibit elongation responses under mild nitrogen (N) deficiency, the foraging response of RHs and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Employing transcriptomics and functional studies revealed a framework of molecular components composing a cascade of auxin synthesis, transport, and signaling that triggers RH elongation for N acquisition. Through upregulation of Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1 (TAA1) and YUCCA8, low N increases auxin accumulation in the root apex. Auxin is then directed to the RH differentiation zone via the auxin transport machinery, AUXIN TRANSPORTER PROTEIN 1 (AUX1) and PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2). Upon arrival to the RH zone, auxin activates the transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 and 8 (ARF6/8) to promote the epidermal and auxin-inducible transcriptional module ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6)-LOTUS JAPONICA ROOT HAIRLESS-LIKE 3 (LRL3) to steer RH elongation in response to low N. Our study uncovers a spatially defined regulatory signaling cascade for N foraging by RHs, expanding the mechanistic framework of hormone-regulated nutrient sensing in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Jia
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ricardo F H Giehl
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jose M Estevez
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
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25
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Chen CY, Selvaraj P, Naqvi NI. Functional analysis of auxin derived from a symbiotic mycobiont. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1216680. [PMID: 37745999 PMCID: PMC10515717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1216680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of auxin or indole-3-acetic acid by microorganisms has a major impact on plant-microbe interactions. Several beneficial microbiota are known to produce auxin, which largely influences root development and growth in the host plants. Akin to findings in rhizobacteria, recent studies have confirmed the production of auxin by plant growth-promoting fungi too. Here, we show that Penicillium citrinum isolate B9 produces auxin as deduced by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis. Such fungal auxin is secreted and contributes directly to enhanced root and shoot development and overall plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, auxin production by P. citrinum likely involves more than one tryptophan-dependent pathway. Using auxin biosynthesis inhibitor L-Kynurenine, we show that the indole-3-pyruvate pathway might be one of the key biosynthetic routes involved in such auxin production. Confocal microscopy of the DR5rev:GFP Arabidopsis reporter line helped demonstrate that P. citrunum B9-derived auxin is biologically active and is able to significantly enhance auxin signaling in roots during such improved root growth and plant development. Furthermore, the phenotypic growth defects arising from impaired auxin signaling in Arabidopsis taa1 mutant or upon L-Kynurenine treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings could be significantly alleviated by fungus B9-derived auxin, thus suggesting its positive role in plant growth promotion. Collectively, our results provide clear evidence that the production of auxin is one of the main mechanisms involved in induction of the beneficial plant growth by P. citrinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Chen
- Fungal Patho-Biology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Fungal Patho-Biology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Liu XX, Zhu XF, Xue DW, Zheng SJ, Jin CW. Beyond iron-storage pool: functions of plant apoplastic iron during stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:941-954. [PMID: 37019715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and its storage in the apoplast represents an important Fe pool. Plants have developed various strategies to reutilize this apoplastic Fe pool to adapt to Fe deficiency. In addition, growing evidence indicates that the dynamic changes in apoplastic Fe are critical for plant adaptation to other stresses, including ammonium stress, phosphate deficiency, and pathogen attack. In this review, we discuss and scrutinize the relevance of apoplastic Fe for plant behavior changes in response to stress cues. We mainly focus on the relevant components that modulate the actions and downstream events of apoplastic Fe in stress signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Wei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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27
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Ouyang S, Zhou Q, Bi Z, Sun J, Hu X. Effect of natural soil nanocolloids on the fate and toxicity of cadmium to rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162887. [PMID: 36934947 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals are common contaminants and will most likely interact with ubiquitous natural nanocolloids (Ncs) in the soil environment. However, the effect of soil Ncs on the fate and health risk of cadmium (Cd) have not been well addressed. Here, the interaction between Ncs and Cd is investigated using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) combined with synchronous fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our results reveal that Cd binding to the soil Ncs surface is mainly driven through strong hydrophilic effects and π - π interactions, which contribute to a high adsorption capacity (366-612 mg/g) and strong affinity (KL = 4.3-9.7 L/mg) of Cd to soil Ncs. Interestingly, soil Ncs and Cd coexposure can significantly mediate the phytotoxicity (e.g., uptake, root growth, and oxidative stress) of Cd to rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots after 7 days of exposure. At the molecular level, metabolomic analysis reveals that the downregulated metabolic pathways (e.g., isoquinoline alkaloid and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism) may contribute to the above adverse phytotoxicity. This study provides new insight into the effect of natural Ncs on the fate and health risks of toxic heavy metals in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhicheng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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28
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Abualia R, Riegler S, Benkova E. Nitrate, Auxin and Cytokinin-A Trio to Tango. Cells 2023; 12:1613. [PMID: 37371083 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important macronutrient required for plant growth and development, thus directly impacting agricultural productivity. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that nitrogen-driven growth depends on pathways that control nitrate/nitrogen homeostasis and hormonal networks that act both locally and systemically to coordinate growth and development of plant organs. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in understanding the role of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin and their crosstalk in nitrate-regulated growth and discuss the significance of novel findings and possible missing links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Abualia
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stefan Riegler
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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29
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Chen M, Zhu K, Xie J, Liu J, Qiao Z, Tan P, Peng F. Ammonium-nitrate mixtures dominated by NH 4+-N promote the growth of pecan ( Carya illinoinensis) through enhanced N uptake and assimilation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186818. [PMID: 37313261 PMCID: PMC10258329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) limits plant productivity, and its uptake and assimilation may be regulated by N sources, N assimilating enzymes, and N assimilation genes. Mastering the regulatory mechanisms of N uptake and assimilation is a key way to improve plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, it is poorly known how these factors interact to influence the growth process of pecans. In this study, the growth, nutrient uptake and N assimilation characteristics of pecan were analyzed by aeroponic cultivation at varying NH4 +/NO3 - ratios (0/0, 0/100,25/75, 50/50, 75/25,100/0 as CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). The results showed that T4 and T5 treatments optimally promoted the growth, nutrient uptake and N assimilating enzyme activities of pecan, which significantly increased aboveground biomass, average relative growth rate (RGR), root area, root activity, free amino acid (FAA) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities. According to the qRT-PCR results, most of the N assimilation genes were expressed at higher levels in leaves and were mainly significantly up-regulated under T1 and T4 treatments. Correlation analysis showed that a correlation between N assimilating enzymes and N assimilating genes did not necessarily exist. The results of partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis indicated that N assimilation genes could affect the growth of pecan by regulating N assimilation enzymes and nutrients. In summary, we suggested that the NH4 +/NO3 - ratio of 75:25 was more beneficial to improve the growth and NUE of pecan. Meanwhile, we believe that the determination of plant N assimilation capacity should be the result of a comprehensive analysis of N concentration, N assimilation enzymes and related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Chen
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Xie
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ecology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenbing Qiao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengpeng Tan
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangren Peng
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Burian M, Podgórska A, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Kryzheuskaya K, Dziewit K, Wdowiak A, Laszczka M, Szal B. A prospective study of short-term apoplastic responses to ammonium treatment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154008. [PMID: 37245458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The integration of external stimuli into plant cells has been extensively studied. Ammonium is a metabolic trigger because it affects plant nutrition status; on the contrary, it is also a stress factor inducing oxidative changes. Plants, upon quick reaction to the presence of ammonium, can avoid the development of toxicity symptoms, but their primary ammonium sensing mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the different signaling routes available in the extracellular space in response to supplying ammonium to plants. During short-term (30 min-24 h) ammonium treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings, no indication of oxidative stress development or cell wall modifications was observed. However, specific changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox status were observed in the apoplast, consequently leading to the activation of several ROS (RBOH, NQR), redox (MPK, OXI), and cell-wall (WAK, FER, THE, HERK) related genes. Therefore, it is expected that immediately after ammonium supply, a defense signaling route is initiated in the extracellular space. To conclude, the presence of ammonium is primarily perceived as a typical immune reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Burian
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Ostaszewska-Bugajska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Dziewit
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Wdowiak
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Laszczka
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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31
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Yao X, Li H, Nie J, Liu H, Guo Y, Lv L, Yang Z, Sui X. Disruption of the amino acid transporter CsAAP2 inhibits auxin-mediated root development in cucumber. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37129077 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the principal mediators of organic nitrogen distribution within plants and are essential for plant growth and development. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been explored and elucidated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Here, a total of 86 amino acid transporter genes were identified in the cucumber genome. We further identified Amino Acid Permease (AAP) subfamily members that exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. We found that the CsAAP2 as a candidate gene encoding a functional amino acid transporter is highly expressed in cucumber root vascular cells. CsAAP2 knockout lines exhibited arrested development of root meristem, which then caused the delayed initiation of lateral root and the inhibition of root elongation. What is more, the shoot growth of aap2 mutants was strongly retarded due to defects in cucumber root development. Moreover, aap2 mutants exhibited higher concentrations of amino acids and lignin in roots. We found that the mutant roots had a stronger ability to acidize medium. Furthermore, in the aap2 mutants, polar auxin transport was disrupted in the root tip, leading to high auxin levels in roots. Interestingly, slightly alkaline media rescued their severely reduced root growth by stimulating auxin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hujian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yicong Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolei Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wei Z, Che J, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Physiological and Morphological Responses of Blackberry Seedlings to Different Nitrogen Forms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37050106 PMCID: PMC10097381 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Blackberries are an emerging third-generation fruit that are popular in Europe, and specific nitrogen (N) supply is an important factor affecting their growth and development. To study the optimal N fertilizer for blackberry seedlings, no N (CK), nitrate (NO3-)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea were applied to one-year-old 'Ningzhi 4' blackberry plants at a key growth period (from May to August) to explore the effects of different N forms on the physiological characteristics. Correlation and principal component analysis were used to determine the relationships between various indexes. Ammonium (NH4+) or urea-fed plants had a better growth state, showed a greater plant height, biomass, SPAD values and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthesis. In addition, NH4+ was beneficial to the accumulation of sugars and amino acids in leaves and roots, and promoted the transport of auxin and cytokinin to leaves. NO3- significantly inhibited root growth and increased the contents of active oxygen, malondialdehyde and antioxidants in roots. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that growth and dry matter accumulation were closely related to the antioxidant system, photosynthetic characteristics, amino acids and hormone content. Our study provides a new idea for N regulation mechanism of blackberry and proposes a scientific fertilization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jilu Che
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China; (W.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
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Das S, Singh D, Meena HS, Jha SK, Kumari J, Chinnusamy V, Sathee L. Long term nitrogen deficiency alters expression of miRNAs and alters nitrogen metabolism and root architecture in Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc.) genotypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5002. [PMID: 36973317 PMCID: PMC10043004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The important roles of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) in adaptation to nitrogen (N) deficiency in different crop species especially cereals (rice, wheat, maize) have been under discussion since last decade with little focus on potential wild relatives and landraces. Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) is an important landrace native to the Indian subcontinent. Several unique features, especially high protein content and resistance to drought and yellow rust, make it a very potent landrace for breeding. Our aim in this study is to identify the contrasting Indian dwarf wheat genotypes based on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen deficiency tolerance (NDT) traits and the associated miRNAs differentially expressed under N deficiency in selected genotypes. Eleven Indian dwarf wheat genotypes and a high NUE bread wheat genotype (for comparison) were evaluated for NUE under control and N deficit field conditions. Based on NUE, selected genotypes were further evaluated under hydroponics and miRNome was compared by miRNAseq under control and N deficit conditions. Among the identified, differentially expressed miRNAs in control and N starved seedlings, the target gene functions were associated with N metabolism, root development, secondary metabolism and cell-cycle associated pathways. The key findings on miRNA expression, changes in root architecture, root auxin abundance and changes in N metabolism reveal new information on the N deficiency response of Indian dwarf wheat and targets for genetic improvement of NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Dalveer Singh
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari S Meena
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jyoti Kumari
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India.
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Qin H, Wang J, Zhou J, Qiao J, Li Y, Quan R, Huang R. Abscisic acid promotes auxin biosynthesis to inhibit primary root elongation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1953-1967. [PMID: 36535001 PMCID: PMC10022642 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Soil compaction is a global problem causing inadequate rooting and poor yield in crops. Accumulating evidence indicates that phytohormones coordinately regulate root growth via regulating specific growth processes in distinct tissues. However, how abscisic acid (ABA) signaling translates into auxin production to control root growth during adaptation to different soil environments is still unclear. In this study, we report that ABA has biphasic effects on primary root growth in rice (Oryza sativa) through an auxin biosynthesis-mediated process, causing suppression of root elongation and promotion of root swelling in response to soil compaction. We found that ABA treatment induced the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes and auxin accumulation in roots. Conversely, blocking auxin biosynthesis reduced ABA sensitivity in roots, showing longer and thinner primary roots with larger root meristem size and smaller root diameter. Further investigation revealed that the transcription factor basic region and leucine zipper 46 (OsbZIP46), involved in ABA signaling, can directly bind to the YUCCA8/rice ethylene-insensitive 7 (OsYUC8/REIN7) promoter to activate its expression, and genetic analysis revealed that OsYUC8/REIN7 is located downstream of OsbZIP46. Moreover, roots of mutants defective in ABA or auxin biosynthesis displayed the enhanced ability to penetrate compacted soil. Thus, our results disclose the mechanism in which ABA employs auxin as a downstream signal to modify root elongation and radial expansion, resulting in short and swollen roots impaired in their ability to penetrate compacted soil. These findings provide avenues for breeders to select crops resilient to soil compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Authors for correspondence: (H.Q.); (R.H.)
| | | | | | - Jinzhu Qiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
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Shi J, Xun M, Song J, Li J, Zhang W, Yang H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes promote the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of 15N-KNO 3 in Malus hupehensis by entering the roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131978. [PMID: 36968357 PMCID: PMC10033859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of multiple rolled layers of graphene. Nitrogen plays an important role in apple growth. The effect of MWCNTs on nitrogen utilization in apple needs to be further investigated. METHODS In this study, the woody plant Malus hupehensis seedlings were used as plant materials, the distribution of MWCNTs in the roots was observed, and the effects of MWCNTs on the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by the seedlings were explored. RESULTS The results showed that MWCNTs could penetrate the roots of Malus hupehensis seedlings, and the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs significantly promoted the root growth of seedlings, increased root number, root activity, fresh weight, and nitrate content of seedlings, and also increased nitrate reductase activity, free amino acid, and soluble protein content of roots and leaves. 15N tracer experiments indicated that MWCNTs decreased the distribution ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis roots but increased its distribution ratio in stems and leaves. MWCNTs improved the utilization ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis seedlings, with the values being increased by 16.19%, 53.04%, and 86.44% following the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs, respectively. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that MWCNTs significantly affected the expression of genes (MhNRTs) related to nitrate uptake and transport in roots and leaves, and MhNRT1.4, MhNRT1.7, MhNRT1.8, MhNRT2.1, MhNRT2.5, and MhNRT2.7 were notably up-regulated in response to 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs. Raman analysis and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that MWCNTs could enter the root tissue of Malus hupehensis and were distributed between the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Pearson correlation analysis showed that root tip number, root fractal dimension, and root activity were the main factors affecting root uptake and assimilation of nitrate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MWCNTs promoted root growth by entering the root, stimulated the expression of MhNRTs, and increased NR activity, thereby enhancing the uptake, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by root, and ultimately improved the utilization of 15N-KNO3 by Malus hupehensis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weiwei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Hongqiang Yang, ; Weiwei Zhang,
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36
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Zhang W, Fang D, Dong K, Hu F, Ye Z, Cao J. Insights into the environmental factors shaping lateral root development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13878. [PMID: 36808102 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important organs of plants. Plants rely on roots for water, nutrients, and organic salts. In the whole root system, lateral roots (LRs) account for a large proportion and are critical to the development of the plant. Many environmental factors affect LR development. Therefore, a systematic understanding of these factors can provide a theoretical basis for creating optimal growth conditions for plants. In this paper, the factors affecting LR development are systematically and comprehensively summarized, and the molecular mechanism and regulatory network of LR development are described. Changes in the external environment not only lead to hormone homeostasis in plants but also affect the composition and activity of rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn affect plants' nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and growth dynamics. LR development is influenced by hormone levels and external environment. In particular, auxin and abscisic acid coordinate with each other to maintain normal LR development. Of course, changes in the external environment are also important for root development, and they affect the intrinsic hormone levels of plants by affecting the accumulation and transport of hormones. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, water, drought, light, and rhizosphere microorganisms affect LR development and plant tolerance in a variety of ways, including regulating hormone levels. This review summarizes the factors affecting LR development and the regulatory network and points out the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Chen T, Lin S, Chen Z, Yang T, Zhang S, Zhang J, Xu G, Wan X, Zhang Z. Theanine, a tea-plant-specific non-proteinogenic amino acid, is involved in the regulation of lateral root development in response to nitrogen status. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac267. [PMID: 36778187 PMCID: PMC9909507 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase type I (GSI)-like proteins are proposed to mediate nitrogen signaling and developmental fate by synthesizing yet unidentified metabolites. Theanine, the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea plants, is the first identified metabolite synthesized by a GSI-like protein (CsTSI) in a living system. However, the roles of theanine in nitrogen signaling and development are little understood. In this study we found that nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced theanine accumulation and increased lateral root development in tea plant seedlings. Exogenous theanine feeding significantly repressed lateral root development of seedlings of tea plants and the model plant Arabidopsis. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the roots under theanine feeding were enriched in the apoplastic pathway and H2O2 metabolism. Consistently, theanine feeding reduced H2O2 levels in the roots. Importantly, when co-treated with H2O2, theanine abolished the promoting effect of H2O2 on lateral root development in both tea plant and Arabidopsis seedlings. The results of histochemical assays confirmed that theanine inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation in the roots. Further transcriptomic analyses suggested the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in H2O2 generation and scavenging was down- and upregulated by theanine, respectively. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in auxin metabolism and signaling, cell division, and cell expansion was also regulated by theanine. Collectively, these results suggested that CsTSI-synthesized theanine is likely involved in the regulation of lateral root development, via modulating H2O2 accumulation, in response to nitrogen levels in tea plants. This study also implied that the module consisting of GSI-like protein and theanine-like metabolite is probably conserved in regulating development in response to nitrogen status in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shupei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Du Q, Yan P, Yu B, Li WX, Zou CQ. The auxin signaling pathway contributes to phosphorus-mediated zinc homeostasis in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36627574 PMCID: PMC9830811 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the interaction between P and Zn has long been recognized in plants, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying P and Zn interactions are poorly understood. We show here that P supply decreases the Zn concentration in maize shoots and roots. Compared to +P + Zn (addition of both P and Zn), +P-Zn reduced and -P-Zn increased the total length of 1° lateral roots (LRs). Under +P + Zn, both P and Zn concentrations were lower in the sl1 mutant roots than in wild-type (WT) maize roots, and P accumulation did not reduce the Zn concentration in ll1 mutant roots. Transcriptome profiling showed that the auxin signaling pathway contributed to P-mediated Zn homeostasis in maize. Auxin production and distribution were altered by changes in P and Zn supply. Cytosolic Zn co-localized with auxin accumulation under +P + Zn. Exogenous application of 1-NAA and L-Kyn altered the P-mediated root system architecture (RSA) under Zn deficiency. -P-Zn repressed the expression of miR167. Overexpression of ZmMIR167b increased the lengths of 1° LRs and the concentrations of P and Zn in maize. These results indicate that auxin-dependent RSA is important for P-mediated Zn homeostasis in maize.HighlightAuxin-dependent RSA is important for P-mediated Zn homeostasis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Qingguo Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Pengshuai Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Baogang Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Chu Y, Sun H, Bao Q, Huang Y. Melatonin alleviates arsenite toxicity by decreasing the arsenic accumulation in cell protoplasts and increasing the antioxidant capacity in rice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137292. [PMID: 36403814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a common environmental pollutant that seriously interferes with the normal growth of organisms. There is an urgent need to take environment-safe and efficient strategies to mitigate As toxicity. Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and organ development and alleviates heavy metal stresses. The experiment aims to explore the mechanism of MT in reducing arsenite toxicity by hydroponic rice seedlings. The results showed that MT application reduced the As content in rice roots and shoots by 26.4% and 37.5%, respectively, and mainly decreased As content in the soluble fractions of the rice root cell. MT application also increased the As content of chelated-soluble pectin and alkali-soluble pectin in the cell wall by 14.7% and 74.4%, respectively. It promoted the generation of the functional group of the root cell walls by the FTIR analysis, indicating that MT may promote the fixation of As on the cell wall. Meanwhile, MT contributed to scavenging excess H2O2, reducing MDA content, and maintaining normal morphology of root cells by stimulating SOD, POD and CAT activities and increasing the level of GSH. The research deepens our understanding of how MT participates in maintaining redox homeostasis in rice cells, reducing As toxicity, and decreasing As concentration in rice seedlings, thereby providing more possibilities for reducing As accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yutan Chu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yizong Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Duan Y, Yang H, Yang H, Wu Y, Fan S, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Integrative physiological, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals nitrogen preference and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in blackberry plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153888. [PMID: 36577314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an indispensable element for plant growth and development. To understand the regulation of underlying carbon (C) and N metabolism in blackberry plants, we performed integrated analyses of the physiology, metabolome and transcriptome. Blackberry plants were subjected to no N, nitrate (NO3⁻)-N, ammonium (NH4+)-N and urea treatments. Our results showed that the NH4⁺-N treatment yielded higher values for the biomass, chlorophyll, antioxidants, N contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as lower levels of free radicals and the C/N ratio compared with other treatments. Transcriptome analysis showed that different N forms significantly affected photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and the TCA cycle. Metabolome analysis indicated that the levels of lipids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and amino acids were markedly changed under different N treatments. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that amino acids, including proline, arginine, L-isoleucine, L-aspartate, threonine, and L-glutamate, played important roles in maintaining normal plant growth by regulating N metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Overall, blackberry plants preferentially take up NH4⁺-N. Under the NH4⁺-N treatment, N assimilation was stronger, flavonoid biosynthesis was decreased, and the promoting influence of NH4⁺-N on N metabolism was better than that of NO3⁻-N. However, the NO3⁻-N treatment enhanced the C/N ratio, accelerated the process of C metabolism and increased the synthesis of flavonoids, thereby accelerating the flow of N metabolism to C metabolism. These results provide deeper insight into coordinating C and N metabolism and improving N use efficiency in blackberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Sufan Fan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Wenlong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Lianfei Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, 210014, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Jung JH, Li Z, Chen H, Yang S, Li D, Priatama RA, Kumar V, Xuan YH. Mutation of phytochrome B promotes resistance to sheath blight and saline-alkaline stress via increasing ammonium uptake in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:277-290. [PMID: 36440495 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (PhyB), a red-light receptor, plays important roles in diverse biological processes in plants; however, its function in NH4 + uptake and stress responses of plants is unclear. Here, we observed that mutation in indeterminate domain 10 (IDD10), which encodes a key transcription factor in NH4 + signaling, led to NH4 + -sensitive root growth in light but not in the dark. Genetic combinations of idd10 and phy mutants demonstrated that phyB, but not phyA or phyC, suppressed NH4 + -sensitive root growth of idd10. PhyB mutants and PhyB overexpressors (PhyB OXs) accumulated more and less NH4 + , respectively, compared with wild-type plants. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that PhyB negatively regulated NH4 + -mediated induction of Ammonium transporter 1;2 (AMT1;2). AMT1 RNAi plants with suppressed AMT1;1, AMT1;2, and AMT1;3 expression exhibited shorter primary roots under NH4 + conditions. This suggested that NH4 + uptake might be positively associated with root growth. Further, PhyB interacted with and inhibited IDD10 and brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1). IDD10 interacted with BZR1 to activate AMT1;2. NH4 + uptake is known to promote resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to sheath blight (ShB) and saline-alkaline stress. Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani demonstrated that PhyB and IDD10 negatively regulated and AMT1 and BZR1 positively regulated resistance of rice to ShB. In addition, PhyB negatively regulated and IDD10 and AMT1 positively regulated resistance of rice to saline-alkaline stress. This suggested that PhyB-IDD10-AMT1;2 signaling regulates the saline-alkaline response, whereas the PhyB-BZR1-AMT1;2 pathway modulates ShB resistance. Collectively, these data prove that mutation in the PhyB gene enhances the resistance of rice to ShB and saline-alkaline stress by increasing NH4 + uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Jung
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ryza A Priatama
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Xing J, Cao X, Zhang M, Wei X, Zhang J, Wan X. Plant nitrogen availability and crosstalk with phytohormones signallings and their biotechnology breeding application in crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [PMID: 36435985 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), one of the most important nutrients, limits plant growth and crop yields in sustainable agriculture system, in which phytohormones are known to play essential roles in N availability. Hence, it is not surprising that massive studies about the crosstalk between N and phytohormones have been constantly emerging. In this review, with the intellectual landscape of N and phytohormones crosstalk provided by the bibliometric analysis, we trace the research story of best-known crosstalk between N and various phytohormones over the last 20 years. Then, we discuss how N regulates various phytohormones biosynthesis and transport in plants. In reverse, we also summarize how phytohormones signallings modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to N availability. Besides, we expand to outline how phytohormones signallings regulate uptake, transport, and assimilation of N in plants. Further, we conclude advanced biotechnology strategies, explain their application, and provide potential phytohormones-regulated N use efficiency (NUE) targets in crops. Collectively, this review provides not only a better understanding on the recent progress of crosstalk between N and phytohormones, but also targeted strategies for improvement of NUE to increase crop yields in future biotechnology breeding of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Xing
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Cao
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, Shunde Innovation School, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing, China
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Li L, Zang X, Liu J, Ren J, Wang Z, Yang D. Integrated physiological and weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals the hub genes engaged in nitrate-regulated alleviation of ammonium toxicity at the seedling stage in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012966. [PMID: 36466221 PMCID: PMC9713819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat has a specific preference for NO3 - and shows toxicity symptoms under high NH4 + concentrations. Increasing the nitrate supply may alleviate ammonium stress. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the nitrate regulation of wheat root growth to alleviate ammonium toxicity remain unclear. In this study, we integrated physiological and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the hub genes involved in nitrate alleviation of ammonium toxicity at the wheat seedling stage. Five NH4 +/NO3 - ratio treatments, including 100/0 (Na), 75/25 (Nr1), 50/50 (Nr2), 25/75 (Nr3), and 0/100 (Nn) were tested in this study. The results showed that sole ammonium treatment (Na) increased the lateral root number but reduced root biomass. Increasing the nitrate supply significantly increased the root biomass. Increasing nitrate levels decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased auxin (IAA) content. Furthermore, we identified two modules (blue and turquoise) using transcriptome data that were significantly related to root physiological growth indicators. TraesCS6A02G178000 and TraesCS2B02G056300 were identified as hub genes in the two modules which coded for plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter and WRKY62 transcription factors, respectively. Additionally, network analysis showed that in the blue module, TraesCS6A02G178000 interacts with downregulated genes that coded for indolin-2-one monooxygenase, SRG1, DETOXIFICATION, and wall-associated receptor kinase. In the turquoise module, TraesCS2B02G056300 was highly related to the genes that encoded ERD4, ERF109, CIGR2, and WD40 proteins, and transcription factors including WRKY24, WRKY22, MYB30, and JAMYB, which were all upregulated by increasing nitrate supply. These studies suggest that increasing the nitrate supply could improve root growth and alleviate ammonium toxicity through physiological and molecular regulation networks, including ROS, hormonal crosstalk, and transcription factors.
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Poucet T, Beauvoit B, González‐Moro MB, Cabasson C, Pétriacq P, Flandin A, Gibon Y, Marino D, Dieuaide‐Noubhani M. Impaired cell growth under ammonium stress explained by modeling the energy cost of vacuole expansion in tomato leaves. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1014-1028. [PMID: 36198049 PMCID: PMC9828129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4 + )-based fertilization efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of nitrogen fertilization on the environment. However, high concentrations of soil NH4 + provoke growth inhibition, partly caused by the reduction of cell enlargement and associated with modifications of cell composition, such as an increase of sugars and a decrease in organic acids. Cell expansion depends largely on the osmotic-driven enlargement of the vacuole. However, the involvement of subcellular compartmentation in the adaptation of plants to ammonium nutrition has received little attention, until now. To investigate this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants were cultivated under nitrate and ammonium nutrition and the fourth leaf was harvested at seven developmental stages. The vacuolar expansion was monitored and metabolites and inorganic ion contents, together with intracellular pH, were determined. A data-constrained model was constructed to estimate subcellular concentrations of major metabolites and ions. It was first validated at the three latter developmental stages by comparison with subcellular concentrations obtained experimentally using non-aqueous fractionation. Then, the model was used to estimate the subcellular concentrations at the seven developmental stages and the net vacuolar uptake of solutes along the developmental series. Our results showed ammonium nutrition provokes an acidification of the vacuole and a reduction in the flux of solutes into the vacuoles. Overall, analysis of the subcellular compartmentation reveals a mechanism behind leaf growth inhibition under ammonium stress linked to the higher energy cost of vacuole expansion, as a result of alterations in pH, the inhibition of glycolysis routes and the depletion of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Poucet
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)E‐48940LeioaSpain
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | | | - Cécile Cabasson
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASISVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASISVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | - Amélie Flandin
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASISVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR Biologie du Fruit et PathologieVillenave d'Ornon33140France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUBPHENOME‐EMPHASISVillenave d'Ornon33140France
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)E‐48940LeioaSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceE‐48011BilbaoSpain
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Wu X, Xie X, Yang S, Yin Q, Cao H, Dong X, Hui J, Liu Z, Jia Z, Mao C, Yuan L. OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 Coordinate Root Morphological and Physiological Responses to Ammonium for Efficient Nitrogen Foraging in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1309-1320. [PMID: 35861152 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth and development rely on morphological and physiological adaptions of the root system to forage heterogeneously distributed nitrogen (N) in soils. Rice grows mainly in the paddy soil where ammonium (NH4+) is present as the major N source. Although root NH4+ foraging behaviors are expected to be agronomically relevant, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that NH4+ supply transiently enhanced the high-affinity NH4+ uptake and stimulated lateral root (LR) branching and elongation. These synergistic physiological and morphological responses were closely related to NH4+-induced expression of NH4+ transporters OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 in roots. The two independent double mutants (dko) defective in OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 failed to induce NH4+ uptake and stimulate LR formation, suggesting that OsAMT1s conferred the substrate-dependent root NH4+ foraging. In dko plants, NH4+ was unable to activate the expression of OsPIN2, and the OsPIN2 mutant (lra1) exhibited a strong reduction in NH4+-triggered LR branching, suggesting that the auxin pathway was likely involved in OsAMT1s-dependent LR branching. Importantly, OsAMT1s-dependent root NH4+ foraging behaviors facilitated rice growth and N acquisition under fluctuating NH4+ supply. These results revealed an essential role of OsAMT1s in synergizing root morphological and physiological processes, allowing for efficient root NH4+ foraging to optimize N capture under fluctuating N availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huairong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongtao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Lv M, Dong T, Wang J, Zuo K. Genome-wide identification of nitrate transporter genes from Spirodela polyrhiza and characterization of SpNRT1.1 function in plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945470. [PMID: 36061775 PMCID: PMC9436390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate transporter (NRT) genes that participate in nitrate transport and distribution are indispensable for plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Spirodela polyrhiza has the smallest genome among monocotyledon plants, and it has strong nitrate absorbance and phytoremediation abilities. However, the evolutionary history, expression patterns, and functions of the NRT gene family in S. polyrhiza are not well understood. Here, we identified 29 NRT members in the S. polyrhiza genome. Gene structure and phylogeny analyses showed that S. polyrhiza nitrate transporter (SpNRTs) genes were divided into eight clades without gene expansion compared with that in Arabidopsis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that SpNRT genes have spatiotemporal expression patterns and respond to abiotic stress. Functional analysis revealed that in S. polyrhiza, SpNRT1.1 expression was strongly induced by treatment with nitrate and ammonium. Overexpression of SpNRT1.1 significantly repressed primary root length, and the number and total length of lateral roots. This was more pronounced in high ammonium concentration medium. Overexpressed SpNRT1.1 in Arabidopsis significantly improved biomass and delayed flowering time, indicating that the nitrate transport ability of SpNRT1.1 differs from AtNRT1.1. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information about the evolution of the NRT family in higher plants and the function of SpNRT1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Lv
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Molecular framework integrating nitrate sensing in root and auxin-guided shoot adaptive responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122460119. [PMID: 35878040 PMCID: PMC9351359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122460119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key environmental factors determining plant development and growth. Nitrate is the major form of macronutrient nitrogen that plants take up from the soil. Fluctuating availability or deficiency of this element severely limits plant growth and negatively affects crop production in the agricultural system. To cope with the heterogeneity of nitrate distribution in soil, plants evolved a complex regulatory mechanism that allows rapid adjustment of physiological and developmental processes to the status of this nutrient. The root, as a major exploitation organ that controls the uptake of nitrate to the plant body, acts as a regulatory hub that, according to nitrate availability, coordinates the growth and development of other plant organs. Here, we identified a regulatory framework, where cytokinin response factors (CRFs) play a central role as a molecular readout of the nitrate status in roots to guide shoot adaptive developmental response. We show that nitrate-driven activation of NLP7, a master regulator of nitrate response in plants, fine tunes biosynthesis of cytokinin in roots and its translocation to shoots where it enhances expression of CRFs. CRFs, through direct transcriptional regulation of PIN auxin transporters, promote the flow of auxin and thereby stimulate the development of shoot organs.
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Zhang Z, Jatana BS, Campbell BJ, Gill J, Suseela V, Tharayil N. Cross-inoculation of rhizobiome from a congeneric ruderal plant imparts drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays) through changes in root morphology and proteome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:54-71. [PMID: 35426964 PMCID: PMC9542220 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobiome confer stress tolerance to ruderal plants, yet their ability to alleviate stress in crops is widely debated, and the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. We monitored the drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by the cross-inoculation of rhizobiota from a congeneric ruderal grass Andropogon virginicus (andropogon-inoculum), and rhizobiota from organic farm maintained under mesic condition (organic-inoculum). Across drought treatments (40% field capacity), maize that received andropogon-inoculum produced two-fold greater biomass. This drought tolerance translated to a similar leaf metabolomic composition as that of the well-watered control (80% field capacity) and reduced oxidative damage, despite a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes. At a morphological-level, drought tolerance was associated with an increase in specific root length and surface area facilitated by the homeostasis of phytohormones promoting root branching. At a proteome-level, the drought tolerance was associated with upregulation of proteins related to glutathione metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. Fungal taxa belonging to Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Archaeorhizomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Agaricomycetes in andropogon-inoculum were identified as potential indicators of drought tolerance. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the rhizobiome-facilitated drought tolerance and demonstrates a better path to utilize plant-rhizobiome associations to enhance drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Zhang
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | | | | | - Jasmine Gill
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant & Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSCUSA
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Devi LL, Pandey A, Gupta S, Singh AP. The interplay of auxin and brassinosteroid signaling tunes root growth under low and different nitrogen forms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1757-1773. [PMID: 35377445 PMCID: PMC9237728 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated signaling activity of auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) is critical for optimal plant growth and development. Nutrient-derived signals regulate root growth by modulating the levels and spatial distribution of growth hormones to optimize nutrient uptake and assimilation. However, the effect of the interaction of these two hormones and their signaling on root plasticity during low and differential availability of nitrogen (N) forms (NH4+/NO3-) remains elusive. We demonstrate that root elongation under low N (LN) is an outcome of the interdependent activity of auxin and BR signaling pathways in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LN promotes root elongation by increasing BR-induced auxin transport activity in the roots. Increased nuclear auxin signaling and its transport efficiency have a distinct impact on root elongation under LN conditions. High auxin levels reversibly inhibit BR signaling via BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR1. Using the tissue-specific approach, we show that BR signaling from root vasculature (stele) tissues is sufficient to promote cell elongation and, hence, root growth under LN condition. Further, we show that N form-defined root growth attenuation or enhancement depends on the fine balance of BR and auxin signaling activity. NH4+ as a sole N source represses BR signaling and response, which in turn inhibits auxin response and transport, whereas NO3- promotes root elongation in a BR signaling-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrate the interplay of auxin and BR-derived signals, which are critical for root growth in a heterogeneous N environment and appear essential for root N foraging response and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shreya Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Band Phosphorus and Sulfur Fertilization as Drivers of Efficient Management of Nitrogen of Maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131660. [PMID: 35807612 PMCID: PMC9268923 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUE) from mineral fertilizers is one of the most important priorities of modern agriculture. The objectives of the present study were to assess the role of different nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) rates on maize grain yield (GY), crop residue biomass, NUE indices, N concentration in plants during the growing season, N management indices and to select the most suitable set of NUE indicators. The following factors were tested: band application of di-ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate mixture (NPS fertilizer at rates 0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.2 kg ha−1 of P) and different total N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha−1 of N). In each year of the study, a clear trend of increased GY after NP(S) band application was observed. A particularly positive influence of that factor was confirmed at the lowest level of N fertilization. On average, the highest GY values were obtained for N2P3 and N3P1 treatments. The total N uptake and NUE indices also increased after the band application. In addition, a trend of improved N remobilization efficiency and the N contribution of remobilized N to grain as a result of band application of NP(S) was observed. Among various NUE indices, internal N utilization efficiency (IE) exhibited the strongest, yet negative, correlation with GY, whereas IE was a function of the N harvest index.
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