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Roiuk M, Neff M, Teleman AA. eIF4E-independent translation is largely eIF3d-dependent. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6692. [PMID: 39107322 PMCID: PMC11303786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation is a highly regulated step needed for protein synthesis. Most cell-based mechanistic work on translation initiation has been done using non-stressed cells growing in medium with sufficient nutrients and oxygen. This has yielded our current understanding of 'canonical' translation initiation, involving recognition of the mRNA cap by eIF4E1 followed by successive recruitment of initiation factors and the ribosome. Many cells, however, such as tumor cells, are exposed to stresses such as hypoxia, low nutrients or proteotoxic stress. This leads to inactivation of mTORC1 and thereby inactivation of eIF4E1. Hence the question arises how cells translate mRNAs under such stress conditions. We study here how mRNAs are translated in an eIF4E1-independent manner by blocking eIF4E1 using a constitutively active version of eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP). Via ribosome profiling we identify a subset of mRNAs that are still efficiently translated when eIF4E1 is inactive. We find that these mRNAs preferentially release eIF4E1 when eIF4E1 is inactive and bind instead to eIF3d via its cap-binding pocket. eIF3d then enables these mRNAs to be efficiently translated due to its cap-binding activity. In sum, our work identifies eIF3d-dependent translation as a major mechanism enabling mRNA translation in an eIF4E-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Roiuk
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marilena Neff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Koh YW, Hwang Y, Lee SK, Han JH, Haam S, Lee HW. The impact of CDCA5 expression on the immune microenvironment and its potential utility as a biomarker for PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102024. [PMID: 38838437 PMCID: PMC11214526 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have highlighted the important role of cell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5) in tumor-associated immune dysfunction. We studied immune dysfunction based on CDCA5 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and investigated its potential as a biomarker for patients undergoing anti-programmed death protein-1/ programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor therapy. METHODS We used the CIBERSORTx algorithm to investigate the immune cell distribution based on CDCA5 and explored its potential as a biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy using Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion in three lung adenocarcinoma datasets. Thus, we validated the role of CDCA5 as a biomarker in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. We also investigated the pathways through which CDCA5 regulates PD-L1 expression in a cell line. RESULTS The high CDCA5 expression group showed elevated interferon gamma signature, CD274 expression, CD8+ T cell levels, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability. Higher CDCA5 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in patients not treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. However, in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, higher CDCA5 expression correlated with better response rates and prognosis. CDCA5 expression positively correlated with inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. CDCA5 regulated the expression of PD-L1 through the ANXA/AKT pathway, and combined suppression of CDCA5 and PD-L1 synergistically inhibited cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS CDCA5 served as a promising biomarker for patients undergoing PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitor treatment, and co-inhibition of CDCA5 and PD-L1 could serve as an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea.
| | - Yoonjung Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Seokjin Haam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 16499 Suwon-si, South Korea
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3
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Ru Y, Deng X, Chen J, Zhang L, Xu Z, Lv Q, Long S, Huang Z, Kong M, Guo J, Jiang M. Maternal age enhances purifying selection on pathogenic mutations in complex I genes of mammalian mtDNA. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00672-6. [PMID: 39075271 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, caused mainly by pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, pose major challenges due to the lack of effective treatments. Investigating the patterns of maternal transmission of mitochondrial diseases could pave the way for preventive approaches. In this study, we used DddA-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) to generate two mouse models, each haboring a single pathogenic mutation in complex I genes (ND1 and ND5), replicating those found in human patients. Our findings revealed that both mutations are under strong purifying selection during maternal transmission and occur predominantly during postnatal oocyte maturation, with increased protein synthesis playing a vital role. Interestingly, we discovered that maternal age intensifies the purifying selection, suggesting that older maternal age may offer a protective effect against the transmission of deleterious mtDNA mutations, contradicting the conventional notion that maternal age correlates with increased transmitted mtDNA mutations. As collecting comprehensive clinical data is needed to understand the relationship between maternal age and transmission patterns in humans, our findings may have profound implications for reproductive counseling of mitochondrial diseases, especially those involving complex I gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ru
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatong Chen
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leping Zhang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qunyu Lv
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyun Long
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Kong
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences,Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Ma C, Liu Y, Fu Z. Implications of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1413853. [PMID: 39119608 PMCID: PMC11306071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1413853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The average lifespan of humans has been increasing, resulting in a rapidly rising percentage of older individuals and high morbidity of aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diverse intracellular and extracellular factors that interrupt homeostatic functions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce ER stress. Cells employ a dynamic signaling pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR) to buffer ER stress. Recent studies have demonstrated that ER stress triggers various cellular processes associated with aging and many aging-associated diseases, including CVDs. Autophagy is a conserved process involving lysosomal degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components, proteins, organelles, and pathogens that invade the cytoplasm. Autophagy is vital for combating the adverse influence of aging on the heart. The present report summarizes recent studies on the mechanism of ER stress and autophagy and their overlap in aging and on CVD pathogenesis in the context of aging. It also discusses possible therapeutic interventions targeting ER stress and autophagy that might delay aging and prevent or treat CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- 32295 Troops of P.L.A, Liaoyang, China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Lin X, Liu W, Hu X, Liu Z, Wang F, Wang J. The role of polyphenols in modulating mitophagy: Implications for therapeutic interventions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107324. [PMID: 39059613 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review rigorously assesses the burgeoning research into the role of polyphenols in modulating mitophagy, an essential cellular mechanism for the targeted removal of impaired mitochondria. These natural compounds, known for their low toxicity, are underscored for their potential in therapeutic strategies against a diverse array of diseases, such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal disorders. The analysis penetrates deeply into the molecular mechanisms whereby polyphenols promote mitophagy, particularly by influencing crucial signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators, including the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) pathways. Noteworthy discoveries include the neuroprotective properties of resveratrol and curcumin, which affect both autophagic pathways and mitochondrial dynamics, and the pioneering integration of polyphenols with other natural substances to amplify therapeutic effectiveness. Furthermore, the review confronts the issue of polyphenol bioavailability and emphasizes the imperative for clinical trials to corroborate their therapeutic viability. By delivering an exhaustive synthesis of contemporary insights and recent advancements in polyphenol and mitophagy research, this review endeavors to catalyze additional research and foster the creation of innovative therapeutic modalities that exploit the distinctive attributes of polyphenols to manage and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wenkai Liu
- Deyang Sixth People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, China
| | - Xizhuo Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Deyang Sixth People's Hospital, Deyang 618000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinlian Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Meishan, Meishan 620010, China.
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6
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Freeburg SH, Shwartz A, Kemény LV, Smith CJ, Weeks O, Miller BM, PenkoffLidbeck N, Fisher DE, Evason KJ, Goessling W. Hepatocyte vitamin D receptor functions as a nutrient sensor that regulates energy storage and tissue growth in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114393. [PMID: 38944835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been implicated in fatty liver pathogenesis, but its role in the regulation of organismal energy usage remains unclear. Here, we illuminate the evolutionary function of VDR by demonstrating that zebrafish Vdr coordinates hepatic and organismal energy homeostasis through antagonistic regulation of nutrient storage and tissue growth. Hepatocyte-specific Vdr impairment increases hepatic lipid storage, partially through acsl4a induction, while simultaneously diminishing fatty acid oxidation and liver growth. Importantly, Vdr impairment exacerbates the starvation-induced hepatic storage of systemic fatty acids, indicating that loss of Vdr signaling elicits hepatocellular energy deficiency. Strikingly, hepatocyte Vdr impairment diminishes diet-induced systemic growth while increasing hepatic and visceral fat in adult fish, revealing that hepatic Vdr signaling is required for complete adaptation to food availability. These data establish hepatocyte Vdr as a regulator of organismal energy expenditure and define an evolutionary function for VDR as a transcriptional effector of environmental nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Freeburg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arkadi Shwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest Hungary; Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest Hungary
| | - Colton J Smith
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Weeks
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bess M Miller
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nadia PenkoffLidbeck
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kimberley J Evason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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7
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Zhao X, Ma D, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang L. Research progress of T cell autophagy in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425443. [PMID: 39104538 PMCID: PMC11298352 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells, as a major lymphocyte population involved in the adaptive immune response, play an important immunomodulatory role in the early stages of autoimmune diseases. Autophagy is a cellular catabolism mediated by lysosomes. Autophagy maintains cell homeostasis by recycling degraded cytoplasmic components and damaged organelles. Autophagy has a protective effect on cells and plays an important role in regulating T cell development, activation, proliferation and differentiation. Autophagy mediates the participation of T cells in the acquired immune response and plays a key role in antigen processing as well as in the maintenance of T cell homeostasis. In autoimmune diseases, dysregulated autophagy of T cells largely influences the pathological changes. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how T cells play a role in the immune mechanism of autoimmune diseases through autophagy pathway to guide the clinical treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Chen F, Peng S, Li C, Yang F, Yi Y, Chen X, Xu H, Cheng B, Xu Y, Xie X. Nitidine chloride inhibits mTORC1 signaling through ATF4-mediated Sestrin2 induction and targets IGF2R for lysosomal degradation. Life Sci 2024; 353:122918. [PMID: 39034027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Nitidine chloride (NC), a natural phytochemical alkaloid derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC, exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. However, the primary targets of NC and the mechanism of action (MOA) have not been explicitly defined. METHODS We explored the effects of NC on mTORC1 signaling by immunoblotting and fluorescence microscopy in wild-type and gene knockout cell lines generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique. We identified IGF2R as a direct target of NC via the drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) method. We investigated the antitumor effects of NC using a mouse melanoma B16 tumor xenograft model. KEY FINDINGS NC inhibits mTORC1 activity by targeting amino acid-sensing signaling through activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-mediated Sestrin2 induction. NC directly binds to IGF2R and promotes its lysosomal degradation. Moreover, NC displayed potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cells and inhibited B16 tumor xenografts. SIGNIFICANCE NC inhibits mTORC1 signaling through nutrient sensing and directly targets IGF2R for lysosomal degradation, providing mechanistic insights into the MOA of NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhi Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujun Peng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Canrong Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuguo Yi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haolun Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baicheng Cheng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Department of Hospital Infection Management, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoduo Xie
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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De la Cruz-López KG, Alvarado-Ortiz E, Valencia-González HA, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Zamora-Fuentes JM, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Espinal-Enríquez J, García-Carrancá A. Metformin induces ZFP36 by mTORC1 inhibition in cervical cancer-derived cell lines. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:853. [PMID: 39026155 PMCID: PMC11256429 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, has shown several promising effects for cancer treatment. These effects have been shown to be mediated by dual modulation of the AMPK-mTORC1 axis, where AMPK acts upstream of mTORC1 to decrease its activity. Nevertheless, alternative pathways have been recently discovered suggesting that metformin can act through of different targets regulation. METHODS We performed a transcriptome screening analysis using HeLa xenograft tumors generated in NOD-SCID mice treated with or without metformin to examine genes regulated by metformin. Western Blot analysis, Immunohistochemical staining, and RT-qPCR were used to confirm alterations in gene expression. The TNMplot and GEPIA2 platform were used for in silico analysis of genes found up-regulated by metformin, in cervical cancer patients. We performed an AMPK knock-down using AMPK-targeted siRNAs and mTOR inhibition with rapamycin to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of metformin in cervical cancer cell lines. RESULTS We shown that metformin decreases tumor growth and increased the expression of a group of antitumoral genes involved in DNA-binding transcription activator activity, hormonal response, and Dcp1-Dcp2 mRNA-decapping complex. We demonstrated that ZFP36 could act as a new molecular target increased by metformin. mTORC1 inhibition using rapamycin induces ZFP36 expression, which could suggest that metformin increases ZFP36 expression and requires mTORC1 inhibition for such effect. Surprisingly, in HeLa cells AMPK inhibition did not affect ZFP36 expression, suggesting that additional signal transducers related to suppressing mTORC1 activity, could be involved. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of ZFP36 activation in response to metformin treatment involving mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Griselda De la Cruz-López
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología., Av. San Fernando No. 22 Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto A Valencia-González
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales y Desarrollo Terapéutico Antineoplásico, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Gro, Mexico
| | - José María Zamora-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Oncología Teórica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de La Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales y Desarrollo Terapéutico Antineoplásico, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Espinal-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Teórica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de La Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología., Av. San Fernando No. 22 Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
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10
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Corsetti G, Romano C, Codenotti S, Giugno L, Pasini E, Fanzani A, Scarabelli T, Dioguardi FS. Intake of Special Amino Acids Mixture Leads to Blunted Murine Colon Cancer Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2024; 13:1210. [PMID: 39056792 PMCID: PMC11274386 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require substantial amounts of energy and substrates for their metabolic hyperactivity, enabling the synthesis of new cells at the expense of healthy ones. Preliminary in vitro data suggest that a mix of free essential amino acids (EAA-mix) can promote cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy. This study aimed to confirm, both in vitro and in vivo, whether EAA intake could influence the development of colon cancer in mice. We investigated changes in cancer proliferation in CT26 cells treated with EAA-mix and in mice fed with EAA-rich modified diets (EAARD) as compared to those on a standard laboratory diet (StD). CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 21 days, tumors were removed and measured. In vitro data corroborated that EAA-mix impairs cancer growth by inducing apoptosis. In vivo data revealed that mice on StD developed significantly larger (s.c.) and more numerous (i.p.) cancers than those on EAARD. EAA administration appears to influence cancer cell survival with notable antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corsetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Claudia Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Lorena Giugno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Evasio Pasini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (C.R.); (L.G.); (E.P.)
- Italian Association of Functional Medicine, 20855 Lesmo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.C.); (A.F.)
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Wang ZH, Zheng X, Rao GW, Zheng Q. Targeted small molecule therapy and inhibitors for lymphoma. Future Med Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39016063 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2359893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma, a blood tumor, has become the ninth most common cancer in the world in 2020. Targeted inhibition is one of the important treatments for lymphoma. At present, there are many kinds of targeted drugs for the treatment of lymphoma. Studies have shown that Histone deacetylase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase all play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors and become important and promising inhibitory targets. This article mainly expounds the important role of these target protein in tumors, and introduces the mechanism of action, structure-activity relationship and clinical research of listed small molecule inhibitors of these targets, hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Core Facility,The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, P. R. China
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12
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Morozumi Y, Hayashi Y, Chu CM, Sofyantoro F, Akikusa Y, Fukuda T, Shiozaki K. Fission yeast Pib2 localizes to vacuolar membranes and regulates TOR complex 1 through evolutionarily conserved domains. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 39010328 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
TOR complex 1 (TORC1) is a multi-protein kinase complex that coordinates cellular growth with environmental cues. Recent studies have identified Pib2 as a critical activator of TORC1 in budding yeast. Here, we show that loss of Pib2 causes severe growth defects in fission yeast cells, particularly when basal TORC1 activity is diminished by hypomorphic mutations in tor2, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of TORC1. Consistently, TORC1 activity is significantly compromised in the tor2 hypomorphic mutants lacking Pib2. Moreover, as in budding yeast, fission yeast Pib2 localizes to vacuolar membranes via its FYVE domain, with its tail motif indispensable for TORC1 activation. These results strongly suggest that Pib2-mediated positive regulation of TORC1 is evolutionarily conserved between the two yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Morozumi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yumi Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Cuong Minh Chu
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Fajar Sofyantoro
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yutaka Akikusa
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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13
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Chen C, Han P, Qing Y. Metabolic heterogeneity in tumor microenvironment - A novel landmark for immunotherapy. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103579. [PMID: 39004158 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The surrounding non-cancer cells and tumor cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) have various metabolic rhythms. TME metabolic heterogeneity is influenced by the intricate network of metabolic control within and between cells. DNA, protein, transport, and microbial levels are important regulators of TME metabolic homeostasis. The effectiveness of immunotherapy is also closely correlated with alterations in TME metabolism. The response of a tumor patient to immunotherapy is influenced by a variety of variables, including intracellular metabolic reprogramming, metabolic interaction between cells, ecological changes within and between tumors, and general dietary preferences. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have made great strides, their use in the accurate identification and treatment of tumors still has several limitations. The function of TME metabolic heterogeneity in tumor immunotherapy is summarized in this article. It focuses on how metabolic heterogeneity develops and is regulated as a tumor progresses, the precise molecular mechanisms and potential clinical significance of imbalances in intracellular metabolic homeostasis and intercellular metabolic coupling and interaction, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of targeted metabolism used in conjunction with immunotherapy. This offers insightful knowledge and important implications for individualized tumor patient diagnosis and treatment plans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Han
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yanping Qing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Kim SM, Kim YH, Han GU, Kim SG, Kim BJ, Moon SH, Shin SH, Ryu BY. Elucidating the mechanisms and mitigation strategies for six-phthalate-induced toxicity in male germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1398176. [PMID: 39050888 PMCID: PMC11266291 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1398176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are primary plasticizers and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are extensively used in numerous everyday consumer products. Although the adverse effects of single PAEs have been studied, our understanding of the effect of multiple phthalate exposure on male germ cell vitality remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the collective effects of a mixture of PAEs (MP) comprising diethyl-, bis (2-ethylhexyl)-, dibutyl-, diisononyl-, diisobutyl-, and benzyl butyl-phthalates in the proportions of 35, 21, 15, 15, 8, and 5%, respectively, on differentiated male germ cells using GC-1 spermatogonia (spg) cells. As a mixture, MP substantially hindered GC-1 spg cell proliferation at 3.13 μg/mL, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 16.9 μg/mL. Treatment with 25 μg/mL MP significantly induced reactive oxygen species generation and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, MP activated autophagy and suppressed phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The triple inhibitor combination treatment comprising parthenolide, N-acetylcysteine, and 3-methyladenine effectively reversed MP-induced GC-1 spg cell proliferation inhibition, mitigated apoptosis and autophagy, and restored mTOR phosphorylation. This study is the first to elucidate the mechanism underlying MP-induced male germ cell toxicity and the restoration of male germ cell proliferation mediated by chemical inhibitors. Therefore, it provides valuable insights into the existing literature by proposing a combinatorial toxicity mitigation strategy to counteract male germ cell toxicity induced by various EDCs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Man Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- AttisLab Inc., Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Un Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Buom-Yong Ryu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Hassan AMIA, Zhao Y, Chen X, He C. Blockage of Autophagy for Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7459. [PMID: 39000565 PMCID: PMC11242824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of cancer are increasing, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy face significant limitations due to therapeutic resistance. Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation mechanism, plays a crucial role in cancer development, drug resistance, and treatment. This review investigates the potential of autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. A systematic search was conducted on Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from 1967 to 2024 to identify studies on autophagy inhibitors and their mechanisms in cancer therapy. The review includes original articles utilizing in vitro and in vivo experimental methods, literature reviews, and clinical trials. Key terms used were "Autophagy", "Inhibitors", "Molecular mechanism", "Cancer therapy", and "Clinical trials". Autophagy inhibitors such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown promise in preclinical studies by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and preventing autophagosome degradation. Other inhibitors like wortmannin and SAR405 target specific components of the autophagy pathway. Combining these inhibitors with chemotherapy has demonstrated enhanced efficacy, making cancer cells more susceptible to cytotoxic agents. Clinical trials involving CQ and HCQ have shown encouraging results, although further investigation is needed to optimize their use in cancer therapy. Autophagy exhibits a dual role in cancer, functioning as both a survival mechanism and a cell death pathway. Targeting autophagy presents a viable strategy for cancer therapy, particularly when integrated with existing treatments. However, the complexity of autophagy regulation and the potential side effects necessitate further research to develop precise and context-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China (X.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
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16
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Yu Y, Ai C, Luo C, Yuan J. Effect of Dietary Crude Protein and Apparent Metabolizable Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nitrogen Utilization, Serum Parameter, Protein Synthesis, and Amino Acid Metabolism of 1- to 10-Day-Old Male Broilers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7431. [PMID: 39000537 PMCID: PMC11242162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This research compared how different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) affect the growth performance, nitrogen utilization, serum parameters, protein synthesis, and amino acid (AA) metabolism in broilers aged 1 to 10 days. In a 4 × 3 factorial experimental design, the broilers were fed four levels of dietary CP (20%, 21%, 22%, and 23%) and three levels of dietary AME (2800 kcal/kg, 2900 kcal/kg, and 3000 kcal/kg). A total of 936 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 12 treatments with 6 replications each. Growth performance, nitrogen utilization, serum parameter, gene expression of protein synthesis, and AA metabolism were evaluated at 10 d. The results revealed no interaction between dietary CP and AME levels on growth performance (p > 0.05). However, 22% and 23% CP enhanced body weight gain (BWG), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), total CP intake, and body protein deposition but had a detrimental effect on the protein efficiency ratio (PER) compared to 20% or 21% CP (p < 0.05). Broilers fed diets with 2800 kcal/kg AME showed increased feed intake (FI) and inferior PER (p < 0.05). Broilers fed diets with 3000 kcal/kg AME showed decreased muscle mRNA expression of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and Atrogin-1 compared to those fed diets with 2800 kcal/kg and 2900 kcal/kg AME (p < 0.05). Increasing dietary CP level from 20% to 23% decreased muscle mTOR and increased S6K1 mRNA expression, respectively (p < 0.05). The muscle mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 was highest for broilers fed 23% CP diets (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and Liver alanine aminotransferase of the 22% and 23% CP groups were higher than those of 20% CP (p < 0.05). Significant interactions between dietary CP and AME levels were observed for muscle AMPK and liver lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Dietary AME level had no effect on muscle AMPK mRNA expression for broilers fed 21% and 22% CP diets (p > 0.05), whereas increasing dietary AME levels decreased AMPK mRNA expression for broilers fed 23% CP diets (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of LKR and BCKDH was highest for broilers fed the diet with 2800 kcal/kg AME and 22% CP, while it was lowest for broilers fed the diet with 3000 kcal/kg AME and 20% CP. The findings suggest that inadequate energy density hindered AA utilization for protein synthesis, leading to increased AA catabolism for broilers aged 1 to 10 days, and a dietary CP level of 22% and an AME level of 2900 to 3000 kcal/kg may be recommended based on performance and dietary protein utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (C.A.); (C.L.)
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17
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Deng NH, Tian Z, Zou YJ, Quan SB. E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31: A potential therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116846. [PMID: 38850648 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key mechanism for post-translational protein modification, affecting protein localization, metabolism, degradation and various cellular physiological processes. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases, making it a primary area of interest in biochemical research and drug development endeavors. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a pivotal role in modulating the ubiquitination of substrate proteins through their unique recognition functions. TRIM31, a member of the TRIM family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, is aberrantly expressed in different pathophysiological conditions. The biological function of TRIM31 is associated with the occurrence and development of diverse diseases. TRIM31 has been demonstrated to inhibit inflammation by promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of the sensing protein NLRP3 in the inflammasome. TRIM31 mediates ubiquitination of MAVS, inducing the formation of prion-like aggregates, and triggering innate antiviral immune responses. TRIM31 is also implicated in tumor pathophysiology through its ability to promote ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor protein p53. These findings indicate that TRIM31 is a potential therapeutic target, and subsequent in-depth research of TRIM31 is anticipated to provide information on its clinical application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Hua Deng
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Ying-Jiao Zou
- Medical Technology Center, Shilong Town Community Health Service Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China
| | - Shou-Bo Quan
- The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523326, PR China.
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18
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Chuang JY, Kuo HH, Wang PH, Su CJ, Yih LH. NPRL2 is required for proliferation of oncogenic Ras-transformed bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Div 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38915098 PMCID: PMC11197203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2/TUSC4) is known to exert both tumor-suppressing and oncogenic effects in different types of cancers, suggesting that its actions are context dependent. Here, we delineated the molecular and functional effects of NPRL2 in malignantly transformed bronchial epithelial cells. To do so, we depleted NPRL2 in oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial (BEAS2B), Ras-AI-T2 cells. Intriguingly, depletion of NPRL2 in these cells induced activation of mTORC1 downstream signaling, inhibited autophagy, and impaired Ras-AI-T2 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that NPRL2 is required for oncogenic HRas-induced cell transformation. Depletion of NPRL2 increased levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX, the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and the apoptosis marker cleaved-PARP. These NPRL2-depleted cells first accumulated at G1 and G2, and later exhibited signs of mitotic catastrophe, which implied that NPRL2 depletion may be detrimental to oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Additionally, NPRL2 depletion reduced heat shock factor 1/heat shock element- and NRF2/antioxidant response element-directed luciferase reporter activities in Ras-AI-T2 cells, indicating that NPRL2 depletion led to the suppression of two key cytoprotective processes in oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Overall, our data suggest that oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed cells may depend on NPRL2 for survival and proliferation, and depletion of NPRL2 also induces a stressed state in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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19
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Xu F, Ren Y, Teng Y, Mu J, Tang J, Sundaram K, Zhang L, Park JW, Hwang JY, Yan J, Dryden G, Zhang HG. Tryptophan As a New Member of RNA-Induced Silencing Complexes Prevents Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2307937. [PMID: 39031551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Essential amino acids (EAA) and microRNAs (miRs) control biological activity of a cell. Whether EAA regulates the activity of miR has never been demonstrated. Here, as proof-of-concept, a tryptophan (Trp, an EAA) complex containing Argonaute 2 (Ago2) and miRs including miR-193a (Trp/Ago2/miR-193a) is identified. Trp binds miR-193a-3p and interacts with Ago2. Trp/Ago2/miR-193a increases miR-193a-3p activity via enhancing Argonaute 2 (Ago2) RNase activity. Other miRs including miR-103 and miR-107 in the Trp complex enhance miR-193a activity by targeting the same genes. Mechanistically, the Trp/Ago2/miR-193a complex interacts with Trp-binding pockets of the PIWI domain of Ago2 to enhance Ago2 mediated miR activity. This newly formed Ago2/Trp/miR-193a-3p complex is more efficient than miR-193a-3p alone in inhibiting the expression of targeted genes and inhibiting colon cancer liver metastasis. The findings show that Trp regulates miR activity through communication with the RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC), which provides the basis for tryptophan based miR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Xu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Center, The affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The affiliated Huaian first People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The affiliated Huaian first People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Kumaran Sundaram
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Gerald Dryden
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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20
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Li M, Huang W, Zhang Y, Du Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Sun Y, Sha B, Yan J, Ma Y, Tang J, Shi J, Li P, Jia L, Hu T, Chen P. Glucose deprivation triggers DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 and promotes cancer cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:409. [PMID: 38862475 PMCID: PMC11166663 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Low glucose is a common microenvironment for rapidly growing solid tumors, which has developed multiple approaches to survive under glucose deprivation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that glucose deprivation, while not amino acid or serum starvation, transactivates the expression of DCAF1. This enhances the K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of Rheb, inhibits mTORC1 activity, induces autophagy, and facilitates cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions. This study identified DCAF1 as a new cellular glucose sensor and uncovered new insights into mechanism of DCAF1-mediated inactivation of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway for promoting cancer cell survival in response to glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yue Du
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Beibei Sha
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Jie Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yangcheng Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jinlu Tang
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Precision Medicine Center, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pei Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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21
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Kazyken D, Dame SG, Wang C, Wadley M, Fingar DC. Unexpected roles for AMPK in the suppression of autophagy and the reactivation of MTORC1 signaling during prolonged amino acid deprivation. Autophagy 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38744665 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2355074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPK promotes catabolic and suppresses anabolic cell metabolism to promote cell survival during energetic stress, in part by inhibiting MTORC1, an anabolic kinase requiring sufficient levels of amino acids. We found that cells lacking AMPK displayed increased apoptotic cell death during nutrient stress caused by prolonged amino acid deprivation. We presumed that impaired macroautophagy/autophagy explained this phenotype, as a prevailing view posits that AMPK initiates autophagy (often a pro-survival response) through phosphorylation of ULK1. Unexpectedly, however, autophagy remained unimpaired in cells lacking AMPK, as monitored by several autophagic readouts in several cell lines. More surprisingly, the absence of AMPK increased ULK1 signaling and MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation during amino acid deprivation while AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 S555 (a site proposed to initiate autophagy) decreased upon amino acid withdrawal or pharmacological MTORC1 inhibition. In addition, activation of AMPK with compound 991, glucose deprivation, or AICAR blunted autophagy induced by amino acid withdrawal. These results demonstrate that AMPK activation and glucose deprivation suppress autophagy. As AMPK controlled autophagy in an unexpected direction, we examined how AMPK controls MTORC1 signaling. Paradoxically, we observed impaired reactivation of MTORC1 in cells lacking AMPK upon prolonged amino acid deprivation. Together these results oppose established views that AMPK promotes autophagy and inhibits MTORC1 universally. Moreover, they reveal unexpected roles for AMPK in the suppression of autophagy and the support of MTORC1 signaling in the context of prolonged amino acid deprivation. These findings prompt a reevaluation of how AMPK and its control of autophagy and MTORC1 affect health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney G Dame
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maxwell Wadley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane C Fingar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Yu S, Li Y, Lu X, Han Z, Li C, Yuan X, Guo D. The regulatory role of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111144. [PMID: 38493883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes that causes glomerular sclerosis and end-stage renal disease, leading to ascending morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Excessive accumulation of aberrantly modified proteins or damaged organelles, such as advanced glycation end-products, dysfunctional mitochondria, and inflammasomes is associated with the pathogenesis of DN. As one of the main degradation pathways, autophagy recycles toxic substances to maintain cellular homeostasis and autophagy dysregulation plays a crucial role in DN progression. MicroRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy-regulating miRNA and lncRNA have been involved in pathological processes of DN, including renal cell injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. This review summarizes the role of autophagy in DN and emphasizes the modulation of miRNA and lncRNA on autophagy during disease progression, for the development of promising interventions by targeting these ncRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yu
- Department of Nephrology II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Yue Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zehui Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China.
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23
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Li C, Yi Y, Ouyang Y, Chen F, Lu C, Peng S, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan X, Xu H, Li S, Feng L, Xie X. TORSEL, a 4EBP1-based mTORC1 live-cell sensor, reveals nutrient-sensing targeting by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38824577 PMCID: PMC11143692 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an effective therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, aging, and neurodegeneration. However, an efficient tool for monitoring mTORC1 inhibition in living cells or tissues is lacking. RESULTS We developed a genetically encoded mTORC1 sensor called TORSEL. This sensor changes its fluorescence pattern from diffuse to punctate when 4EBP1 dephosphorylation occurs and interacts with eIF4E. TORSEL can specifically sense the physiological, pharmacological, and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 signaling in living cells and tissues. Importantly, TORSEL is a valuable tool for imaging-based visual screening of mTORC1 inhibitors. Using TORSEL, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors that selectively block nutrient-sensing signaling to inhibit mTORC1. CONCLUSIONS TORSEL is a unique living cell sensor that efficiently detects the inhibition of mTORC1 activity, and histone deacetylase inhibitors such as panobinostat target mTORC1 signaling through amino acid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuguo Yi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyi Ouyang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuxin Lu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujun Peng
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haolun Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuiming Li
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoduo Xie
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Millward DJ. Post-natal muscle growth and protein turnover: a narrative review of current understanding. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:141-168. [PMID: 37395180 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A model explaining the dietary-protein-driven post-natal skeletal muscle growth and protein turnover in the rat is updated, and the mechanisms involved are described, in this narrative review. Dietary protein controls both bone length and muscle growth, which are interrelated through mechanotransduction mechanisms with muscle growth induced both from stretching subsequent to bone length growth and from internal work against gravity. This induces satellite cell activation, myogenesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, establishing a growth capacity for myofibre length and cross-sectional area. Protein deposition within this capacity is enabled by adequate dietary protein and other key nutrients. After briefly reviewing the experimental animal origins of the growth model, key concepts and processes important for growth are reviewed. These include the growth in number and size of the myonuclear domain, satellite cell activity during post-natal development and the autocrine/paracrine action of IGF-1. Regulatory and signalling pathways reviewed include developmental mechanotransduction, signalling through the insulin/IGF-1-PI3K-Akt and the Ras-MAPK pathways in the myofibre and during mechanotransduction of satellite cells. Likely pathways activated by maximal-intensity muscle contractions are highlighted and the regulation of the capacity for protein synthesis in terms of ribosome assembly and the translational regulation of 5-TOPmRNA classes by mTORC1 and LARP1 are discussed. Evidence for and potential mechanisms by which volume limitation of muscle growth can occur which would limit protein deposition within the myofibre are reviewed. An understanding of how muscle growth is achieved allows better nutritional management of its growth in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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25
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Rosario FJ, Barentsen K, Powell TL, Urschitz J, Brown TL, Kanai Y, Jansson T. Trophoblast-specific overexpression of the LAT1 increases transplacental transport of essential amino acids and fetal growth in mice. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae207. [PMID: 38894879 PMCID: PMC11184900 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Placental System L amino acid transporter activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it is unknown if changes in the expression/activity of placental Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (Slc7a5/LAT1) are mechanistically linked to placental function and fetal growth. We hypothesized that trophoblast-specific Slc7a5 overexpression increases placental transport of essential amino acids, activates the placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, and promotes fetal growth in mice. Using lentiviral transduction of blastocysts with a Slc7a5 transgene, we achieved trophoblast-specific overexpression of Slc7a5 (Slc7a5 OX) with increased fetal (+27%) and placental weights (+10%). Trophoblast-specific Slc7a5 overexpression increased trophoblast plasma membrane (TPM) LAT1 protein abundance and TPM System L transporter (+53%) and System A transporter activity (+ 21%). Slc7a5 overexpression also increased transplacental transport of leucine (+ 85%) but not of the System A tracer, 14C-methylamino isobutyric acid, in vivo. Trophoblast-specific overexpression of Slc7a5 activated placental mTORC1, as assessed by increased (+44%) phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (Ser 235/236), and mTORC2 as indicated by phosphorylation of PKCα-Tyr-657 (+47%) and Akt-Ser 473 (+96%). This is the first demonstration that placental transport of essential amino acids is mechanistically linked to fetal growth. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to the development of these pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth Barentsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institue of Biogenesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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26
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Njeim R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Mechanisms and implications of podocyte autophagy in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F877-F893. [PMID: 38601984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity. An accumulating body of evidence underscores the significant impact of dysregulated autophagy on podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of autophagy and their regulation in cellular homeostasis, with a specific emphasis on podocytes. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings that focus on the functional role of different types of autophagy during podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. The intricate interplay between different types of autophagy and podocyte health requires further research, which is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of CKD and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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27
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Zhang W, Sha Z, Tang Y, Jin C, Gao W, Chen C, Yu L, Lv N, Liu S, Xu F, Wang D, Shi L. Defective Lamtor5 Leads to Autoimmunity by Deregulating v-ATPase and Lysosomal Acidification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400446. [PMID: 38639386 PMCID: PMC11165510 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence linking defective lysosome function with autoimmune diseases, how the catabolic machinery is regulated to maintain immune homeostasis remains unknown. Late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and mTOR activator 5 (Lamtor5) is a subunit of the Ragulator mediating mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in response to amino acids, but its action mode and physiological role are still unclear. Here it is demonstrated that Lamtor5 level is markedly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In parallel, the mice with myeloid Lamtor5 ablation developed SLE-like manifestation. Impaired lysosomal function and aberrant activation of mTORC1 are evidenced in Lamtor5 deficient macrophages and PBMCs of SLE patients, accompanied by blunted autolysosomal pathway and undesirable inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, it is shown that Lamtor5 is physically associated with ATP6V1A, an essential subunit of vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase), and promoted the V0/V1 holoenzyme assembly to facilitate lysosome acidification. The binding of Lamtor5 to v-ATPase affected the lysosomal tethering of Rag GTPase and weakened its interaction with mTORC1 for activation. Overall, Lamtor5 is identified as a critical factor for immune homeostasis by intergrading v-ATPase activity, lysosome function, and mTOR pathway. The findings provide a potential therapeutic target for SLE and/or other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Zhou Sha
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Yunzhe Tang
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Key lab of Artificial Organs and Computational MedicineInstitute of Translational MedicineZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou310022China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Changmai Chen
- School of PharmacyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhou350122China
| | - Lang Yu
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Nianyin Lv
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
| | - Shijia Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210093China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210046China
- Key lab of Artificial Organs and Computational MedicineInstitute of Translational MedicineZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou310022China
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28
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Parab A, Bhatt LK. T-cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:378-384. [PMID: 38478010 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immune cell dysregulation, synovial hyperplasia, and progressive cartilage destruction. The loss of immunological self-tolerance against autoantigens is the crucial insult responsible for the pathogenesis of RA. These immune abnormalities are experienced many years before the onset of clinical arthritis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to discuss the metabolic status of T-cells in RA and focuses mainly on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions involved in altering the T-cell metabolism. DISCUSSION T-cells are identified as the primary initiators of immunological abnormalities in RA. These RA T-cells show a distinct metabolic pattern compared to the healthy individuals. Dampened glycolytic flux, poor ATP production, and shifting of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway resulting in increased NADPH and decreased ROS levels are the common metabolic patterns observed in RA T-cells. Defective mtDNA due to lack of MRE11A gene, a key molecular actor for resection, and inefficient lysosomal function due to misplacement of AMPK on the lysosomal surface were found to be responsible for mitochondrial and lysosome dysfunction in RA. Targeting this mechanism in RA can alleviate aggressive T-cell phenotype and may control the severity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Parab
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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29
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Zheng D, Ning J, Deng H, Ruan Y, Cheng F. TRIM26 inhibits clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression through destabilizing ETK and thus inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:481. [PMID: 38773612 PMCID: PMC11110379 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif-containing 26 (TRIM26), a member of the TRIM protein family, exerts dual function in several types of cancer. Nevertheless, the precise role of TRIM26 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been investigated. METHODS The expression of TRIM26 in ccRCC tissues and cell lines were examined through the use of public resources and experimental validation. The impacts of TRIM26 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were determined via CCK-8, colony formation, EdU incorporation, wound healing, Transwell invasion, Western blot, and Immunofluorescence assays. RNA-seq followed by bioinformatic analyses were used to identify the downstream pathway of TRIM26. The interaction between TRIM26 and ETK was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR, Western blot, cycloheximide (CHX) chase, and in vivo ubiquitination assays. RESULTS We have shown that TRIM26 exhibits a downregulation in both ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, this decreased expression of TRIM26 is closely linked to unfavorable overall survival and diseases-free survival outcomes among ccRCC patients. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that increasing the expression of TRIM26 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process of ccRCC cells. Conversely, reducing the expression of TRIM26 had the opposite effects. RNA sequencing, coupled with bioinformatic analysis, revealed a significant enrichment of the mTOR signaling pathway in the control group compared to the group with TRIM26 overexpression. This finding was then confirmed by a western blot assay. Subsequent examination revealed that TRMI26 had a direct interaction with ETK, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase. This interaction facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of ETK, resulting in the deactivation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ccRCC. ETK overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effects of TRIM26 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION Our results have shown a novel mechanism by which TRIM26 hinders the advancement of ccRCC by binding to and destabilizing ETK, thus leading to the deactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling. TRIM26 shows promise as both a therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
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30
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Yue C, Lu W, Fan S, Huang Z, Yang J, Dong H, Zhang X, Shang Y, Lai W, Li D, Dong T, Yuan A, Wu J, Kang L, Hu Y. Nanoparticles for inducing Gaucher disease-like damage in cancer cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01668-4. [PMID: 38740934 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient avidity is one of the most distinctive features of tumours. However, nutrient deprivation has yielded limited clinical benefits. In Gaucher disease, an inherited metabolic disorder, cells produce cholesteryl-glucoside which accumulates in lysosomes and causes cell damage. Here we develop a nanoparticle (AbCholB) to emulate natural-lipoprotein-carried cholesterol and initiate Gaucher disease-like damage in cancer cells. AbCholB is composed of a phenylboronic-acid-modified cholesterol (CholB) and albumin. Cancer cells uptake the nanoparticles into lysosomes, where CholB reacts with glucose and generates a cholesteryl-glucoside-like structure that resists degradation and aggregates into microscale crystals, causing Gaucher disease-like damage in a glucose-dependent manner. In addition, the nutrient-sensing function of mTOR is suppressed. It is observed that normal cells escape severe damage due to their inferior ability to compete for nutrients compared with cancer cells. This work provides a bioinspired strategy to selectively impede the metabolic action of cancer cells by taking advantage of their nutrient avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiejun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Simwela NV, Johnston L, Pavinski Bitar P, Jaecklein E, Altier C, Sassetti CM, Russell DG. Genome-wide screen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis- infected macrophages identified the GID/CTLH complex as a determinant of intracellular bacterial growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592714. [PMID: 38766174 PMCID: PMC11100626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic GID/CTLH complex is a highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in a broad range of biological processes. However, a role of this complex in host antimicrobial defenses has not been described. We exploited Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) induced cytotoxicity in macrophages in a FACS based CRISPR genetic screen to identify host determinants of intracellular Mtb growth restriction. Our screen identified 5 ( GID8 , YPEL5 , WDR26 , UBE2H , MAEA ) of the 10 predicted members of the GID/CTLH complex as determinants of intracellular growth of both Mtb and Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. We show that the antimicrobial properties of the GID/CTLH complex knockdown macrophages are mediated by enhanced GABAergic signaling, activated AMPK, increased autophagic flux and resistance to cell death. Meanwhile, Mtb isolated from GID/CTLH knockdown macrophages are nutritionally starved and oxidatively stressed. Our study identifies the GID/CTLH complex activity as broadly suppressive of host antimicrobial responses against intracellular bacterial infections. Graphical abstract
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Deng Z, Qing Q, Huang B. A bibliometric analysis of the application of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03112-9. [PMID: 38709265 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PI3K-AKT-mTOR plays as important role in the growth, metabolism, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, and in apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis in cancer. In this study, the aim was to comprehensively review the current research landscape regarding the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in cancer, using bibliometrics to analyze research hotspots, and provide ideas for future research directions. Literature published on the topic between January 2006 and May 2023 was retrieved from the Web of Science core database, and key information and a visualization map were analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 5800 articles from 95 countries/regions were collected, including from China and the USA. The number of publications on the topic increased year on year. The major research institution was the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Oncotarget and Clinical Cancer Research were the most prevalent journals in the field. Of 26,621 authors, R Kurzrock published the most articles, and J Engelman was cited most frequently. "A549 cell," "first line treatment," "first in human phase I," and "inhibitor" were the keywords of emerging research hotspots. Inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and their use in clinical therapeutic strategies for cancer were the main topics in the field, and future research should also focus on PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors. This study is the first to comprehensively summarize trends and development s in research into the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in cancer. The information that was obtained clarified recent research frontiers and directions, providing references for scholars of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Deng
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiancheng Qing
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Huang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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Feng R, Liu F, Li R, Zhou Z, Lin Z, Lin S, Deng S, Li Y, Nong B, Xia Y, Li Z, Zhong X, Yang S, Wan G, Ma W, Wu S, Songyang Z. The rapid proximity labeling system PhastID identifies ATP6AP1 as an unconventional GEF for Rheb. Cell Res 2024; 34:355-369. [PMID: 38448650 PMCID: PMC11061317 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheb is a small G protein that functions as the direct activator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to coordinate signaling cascades in response to nutrients and growth factors. Despite extensive studies, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that directly activates Rheb remains unclear, at least in part due to the dynamic and transient nature of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that are the hallmarks of signal transduction. Here, we report the development of a rapid and robust proximity labeling system named Pyrococcus horikoshii biotin protein ligase (PhBPL)-assisted biotin identification (PhastID) and detail the insulin-stimulated changes in Rheb-proximity protein networks that were identified using PhastID. In particular, we found that the lysosomal V-ATPase subunit ATP6AP1 could dynamically interact with Rheb. ATP6AP1 could directly bind to Rheb through its last 12 amino acids and utilizes a tri-aspartate motif in its highly conserved C-tail to enhance Rheb GTP loading. In fact, targeting the ATP6AP1 C-tail could block Rheb activation and inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings highlight the versatility of PhastID in mapping transient PPIs in live cells, reveal ATP6AP1's role as an unconventional GEF for Rheb, and underscore the importance of ATP6AP1 in integrating mTORC1 activation signals through Rheb, filling in the missing link in Rheb/mTORC1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruofei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifen Zhou
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoheng Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengcheng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoting Nong
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Wu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhou Songyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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34
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Yang L, Liao J, Huang H, Lee TL, Qi H. Stage-specific regulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia by AKT1S1-mediated AKT-mTORC1 signaling during mouse spermatogenesis. Dev Biol 2024; 509:11-27. [PMID: 38311163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spermatogonia are composed of a heterogeneous cell population including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of various spermatogonial cohorts during their self-renewal and differentiation are largely unclear. Here we show that AKT1S1, an AKT substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1, regulates the homeostasis of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Although deletion of Akt1s1 in mouse appears not grossly affecting steady-state spermatogenesis and male mice are fertile, the subset of differentiation-primed OCT4+ spermatogonia decreased significantly, whereas self-renewing GFRα1+ and proliferating PLZF+ spermatogonia were sustained. Both neonatal prospermatogonia and the first wave spermatogenesis were greatly reduced in Akt1s1-/- mice. Further analyses suggest that OCT4+ spermatogonia in Akt1s1-/- mice possess altered PI3K/AKT-mTORC1 signaling, gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism, leading to their functionally compromised developmental potential. Collectively, these results revealed an important role of AKT1S1 in mediating the stage-specific signals that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia during mouse spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Yang
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongying Huang
- The Experimental Animal Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Tin Lap Lee
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huayu Qi
- Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Dai X, Yan P, Wei W. Amino acid availability governs mTOR ubiquitination. Cell Res 2024; 34:335-336. [PMID: 38102197 PMCID: PMC11061116 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Bansal S, Li Y, Bansal S, Klotzbier W, Singh B, Jayatilake M, Sridharan V, Fernández JA, Griffin JH, Weiler H, Boerma M, Cheema AK. Genetic Upregulation of Activated Protein C Mitigates Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in the Mouse Plasma. Metabolites 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38786722 PMCID: PMC11122730 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation, accidental or intentional, may lead to delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) that manifest as injury to organ systems, including the kidney, heart, and brain. This study examines the role of activated protein C (APC), a known mitigator of radiation-induced early toxicity, in long-term plasma metabolite and lipid panels that may be associated with DEARE in APCHi mice. The APCHi mouse model used in the study was developed in a C57BL/6N background, expressing the D168F/N173K mouse analog of the hyper-activatable human D167F/D172K protein C variant. This modification enables increased circulating APC levels throughout the mouse's lifetime. Male and female cohorts of C57BL/6N wild-type and APCHi transgenic mice were exposed to 9.5 Gy γ-rays with their hind legs shielded to allow long-term survival that is necessary to monitor DEARE, and plasma was collected at 6 months for LC-MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics. We observed significant dyslipidemia, indicative of inflammatory phenotype, upon radiation exposure. Additionally, observance of several other metabolic dysregulations was suggestive of gut damage, perturbations in TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) and urea cycles, and arginine metabolism. We also observed gender- and genotype-modulated metabolic perturbations post radiation exposure. The APCHi mice showed near-normal abundance for several lipids. Moreover, restoration of plasma levels of some metabolites, including amino acids, citric acid, and hypoxanthine, in APCHi mice is indicative of APC-mediated protection from radiation injuries. With the help of these findings, the role of APC in plasma molecular events after acute γ-radiation exposure in a gender-specific manner can be established for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Sunil Bansal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - William Klotzbier
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Meth Jayatilake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (V.S.); (M.B.)
| | - José A. Fernández
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.A.F.); (J.H.G.)
| | - John H. Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (J.A.F.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA;
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (V.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA; (S.B.); (S.B.); (W.K.); (B.S.); (M.J.)
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Nadile M, Sze NSK, Fajardo VA, Tsiani E. Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cell Survival and Proliferation by Carnosic Acid Is Associated with Inhibition of Akt and Activation of AMPK Signaling. Nutrients 2024; 16:1257. [PMID: 38732504 PMCID: PMC11085396 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, accounting for 375,304 deaths in 2020, is the second most prevalent cancer in men worldwide. While many treatments exist for prostate cancer, novel therapeutic agents with higher efficacy are needed to target aggressive and hormone-resistant forms of prostate cancer, while sparing healthy cells. Plant-derived chemotherapy drugs such as docetaxel and paclitaxel have been established to treat cancers including prostate cancer. Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene found in the herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) has been shown to have anticancer properties but its effects in prostate cancer and its mechanisms of action have not been examined. CA dose-dependently inhibited PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation (IC50: 64, 21 µM, respectively). Furthermore, CA decreased phosphorylation/activation of Akt, mTOR, and p70 S6K. A notable increase in phosphorylation/activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and its upstream regulator sestrin-2 was seen with CA treatment. Our data indicate that CA inhibits AKT-mTORC1-p70S6K and activates Sestrin-2-AMPK signaling leading to a decrease in survival and proliferation. The use of inhibitors and small RNA interference (siRNA) approaches should be employed, in future studies, to elucidate the mechanisms involved in carnosic acid's inhibitory effects of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nadile
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (M.N.); (N.S.K.S.); (V.A.F.)
| | - Newman Siu Kwan Sze
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (M.N.); (N.S.K.S.); (V.A.F.)
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (M.N.); (N.S.K.S.); (V.A.F.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (M.N.); (N.S.K.S.); (V.A.F.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Wang Z, Zong H, Liu W, Lin W, Sun A, Ding Z, Chen X, Wan X, Liu Y, Hu Z, Zhang H, Li H, Liu Y, Li D, Zhang S, Zha X. Augmented ERO1α upon mTORC1 activation induces ferroptosis resistance and tumor progression via upregulation of SLC7A11. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:112. [PMID: 38610018 PMCID: PMC11015652 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling plays a critical role in ferroptosis resistance and tumorigenesis. However, the precise underlying mechanisms still need to be fully understood. METHODS Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1α) expression in mTORC1-activated mouse embryonic fibroblasts, cancer cells, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) clinical samples was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), and immunohistochemistry. Extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to determine the role of ERO1α and its downstream target, member 11 of the solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A11), in mTORC1-mediated cell proliferation, angiogenesis, ferroptosis resistance, and tumor growth. The regulatory mechanism of ERO1α on SLC7A11 was investigated via RNA-sequencing, a cytokine array, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, IF, a luciferase reporter assay, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The combined therapeutic effect of ERO1α inhibition and the ferroptosis inducer imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) on mTORC1-activated cells was evaluated using cell line-derived xenografts, LSCC organoids, and LSCC patient-derived xenograft models. RESULTS ERO1α is a functional downstream target of mTORC1. Elevated ERO1α induced ferroptosis resistance and exerted pro-oncogenic roles in mTORC1-activated cells via upregulation of SLC7A11. Mechanically, ERO1α stimulated the transcription of SLC7A11 by activating the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Moreover, ERO1α inhibition combined with treatment using the ferroptosis inducer IKE exhibited synergistic antitumor effects on mTORC1-activated tumors. CONCLUSIONS The ERO1α/IL-6/STAT3/SLC7A11 pathway is crucial for mTORC1-mediated ferroptosis resistance and tumor growth, and combining ERO1α inhibition with ferroptosis inducers is a novel and effective treatment for mTORC1-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, And Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Anjiang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wan
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongwu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Yehai Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 616 Duzhong Road, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 616 Duzhong Road, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China.
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Tiniakou I, Hsu PF, Lopez-Zepeda LS, Garipler G, Esteva E, Adams NM, Jang G, Soni C, Lau CM, Liu F, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Rodrick TC, Jones D, Tsirigos A, Ohler U, Bedford MT, Nimer SD, Kaartinen V, Mazzoni EO, Reizis B. Genome-wide screening identifies Trim33 as an essential regulator of dendritic cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi1023. [PMID: 38608038 PMCID: PMC11182672 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The development of dendritic cells (DCs), including antigen-presenting conventional DCs (cDCs) and cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), is controlled by the growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and its receptor Flt3. We genetically dissected Flt3L-driven DC differentiation using CRISPR-Cas9-based screening. Genome-wide screening identified multiple regulators of DC differentiation including subunits of TSC and GATOR1 complexes, which restricted progenitor growth but enabled DC differentiation by inhibiting mTOR signaling. An orthogonal screen identified the transcriptional repressor Trim33 (TIF-1γ) as a regulator of DC differentiation. Conditional targeting in vivo revealed an essential role of Trim33 in the development of all DCs, but not of monocytes or granulocytes. In particular, deletion of Trim33 caused rapid loss of DC progenitors, pDCs, and the cross-presenting cDC1 subset. Trim33-deficient Flt3+ progenitors up-regulated pro-inflammatory and macrophage-specific genes but failed to induce the DC differentiation program. Collectively, these data elucidate mechanisms that control Flt3L-driven differentiation of the entire DC lineage and identify Trim33 as its essential regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tiniakou
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Feng Hsu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorena S. Lopez-Zepeda
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Görkem Garipler
- Department of Biology, New York University; New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Esteva
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Adams
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Geunhyo Jang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Chetna Soni
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M. Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Tori C. Rodrick
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew Jones
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine; New York, NY, USA
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40
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Xu Y, Xing Z, Abdalla Ibrahim Suliman R, Liu Z, Tang F. Ferroptosis in liver cancer: a key role of post-translational modifications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375589. [PMID: 38650929 PMCID: PMC11033738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an emerging form of regulated cell death in an oxidative stress- and iron-dependent manner, primarily induced by the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Manipulation of ferroptosis has been considered a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit liver tumor growth. Nevertheless, the development of resistance to ferroptosis in liver cancer poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial enzymatic catalytic reactions that covalently regulate protein conformation, stability and cellular activities. Additionally, PTMs play pivotal roles in various biological processes and divergent programmed cell death, including ferroptosis. Importantly, key PTMs regulators involved in ferroptosis have been identified as potential targets for cancer therapy. PTMs function of two proteins, SLC7A11, GPX4 involved in ferroptosis resistance have been extensively investigated in recent years. This review will summarize the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis-related proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyao Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Zichuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Thinking Biomed (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
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41
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Singh A, Gorell ES, Lucky AW. Topical everolimus therapy for epidermal nevi associated with woolly hair nevus in a patient with a mosaic HRAS mutation. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38558293 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A patient with woolly hair nevus syndrome, presented with epidermal facial nevi by the age of 12 years. Despite transient improvement with topical 1% sirolimus cream, the facial nevus grew larger. The patient was then treated with topical 1% everolimus cream resulting in a reduction in the size of the nevus. This case highlights a novel use of topical 1% everolimus cream, which previously has not been used to treat epidermal nevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaljot Singh
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily S Gorell
- Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne W Lucky
- Division of Dermatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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42
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Kaur G, Sohanur Rahman M, Shaikh S, Panda K, Chinnapaiyan S, Santiago Estevez M, Xia L, Unwalla H, Rahman I. Emerging roles of senolytics/senomorphics in HIV-related co-morbidities. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116179. [PMID: 38556028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause cellular senescence and inflammation among infected individuals. While the traditional antiretroviral therapies (ART) have allowed the once fatal infection to be managed effectively, the quality of life of HIV patients on prolonged ART use is still inferior. Most of these individuals suffer from life-threatening comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and diabetes, to name a few. Interestingly, cellular senescence is known to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of these comorbidities as well. It is therefore important to understand the role of cellular senescence in the disease progression and co-morbidity development in HIV-infected individuals. In this respect, use of senolytic/senomorphic drugs as combination therapy with ART would be beneficial for HIV patients. This review provides a critical analysis of the current literature to determine the potential and efficacy of using senolytics/senotherapeutics in managing HIV infection, latency, and associated co-morbidities in humans. The various classes of senolytics have been studied in detail to focus on their potential to combat against HIV infections and associated pathologies with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Md Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sadiya Shaikh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Santiago Estevez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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43
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Yang C, Sun X, Wu G. New insights into GATOR2-dependent interactions and its conformational changes in amino acid sensing. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240038. [PMID: 38372438 PMCID: PMC10938194 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells coordinate growth under different environmental conditions via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In the amino-acid-sensing signalling pathway, the GATOR2 complex, containing five evolutionarily conserved subunits (WDR59, Mios, WDR24, Seh1L and Sec13), is required to regulate mTORC1 activity by interacting with upstream CASTOR1 (arginine sensor) and Sestrin2 (leucine sensor and downstream GATOR1 complex). GATOR2 complex utilizes β-propellers to engage with CASTOR1, Sestrin2 and GATOR1, removal of these β-propellers results in substantial loss of mTORC1 capacity. However, structural information regarding the interface between amino acid sensors and GATOR2 remains elusive. With the recent progress of the AI-based tool AlphaFold2 (AF2) for protein structure prediction, structural models were predicted for Sentrin2-WDR24-Seh1L and CASTOR1-Mios β-propeller. Furthermore, the effectiveness of relevant residues within the interface was examined using biochemical experiments combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Notably, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis detected the structural transition of GATOR2 in response to amino acid signals, and the deletion of Mios β-propeller severely impeded that change at distinct arginine levels. These findings provide structural perspectives on the association between GATOR2 and amino acid sensors and can facilitate future research on structure determination and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, the Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences MOE, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, the Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences MOE, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, the Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences MOE, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Xie M, Kaiser M, Gershtein Y, Schnyder D, Deviatiiarov R, Gazizova G, Shagimardanova E, Zikmund T, Kerckhofs G, Ivashkin E, Batkovskyte D, Newton PT, Andersson O, Fried K, Gusev O, Zeberg H, Kaiser J, Adameyko I, Chagin AS. The level of protein in the maternal murine diet modulates the facial appearance of the offspring via mTORC1 signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2367. [PMID: 38531868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial skeletal structures is fascinatingly complex and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will not only provide novel scientific insights, but also help develop more effective clinical approaches to the treatment and/or prevention of the numerous congenital craniofacial malformations. To this end, we performed a genome-wide analysis of RNA transcription from non-coding regulatory elements by CAGE-sequencing of the facial mesenchyme of human embryos and cross-checked the active enhancers thus identified against genes, identified by GWAS for the normal range human facial appearance. Among the identified active cis-enhancers, several belonged to the components of the PI3/AKT/mTORC1/autophagy pathway. To assess the functional role of this pathway, we manipulated it both genetically and pharmacologically in mice and zebrafish. These experiments revealed that mTORC1 signaling modulates craniofacial shaping at the stage of skeletal mesenchymal condensations, with subsequent fine-tuning during clonal intercalation. This ability of mTORC1 pathway to modulate facial shaping, along with its evolutionary conservation and ability to sense external stimuli, in particular dietary amino acids, indicate that the mTORC1 pathway may play a role in facial phenotypic plasticity. Indeed, the level of protein in the diet of pregnant female mice influenced the activity of mTORC1 in fetal craniofacial structures and altered the size of skeletogenic clones, thus exerting an impact on the local geometry and craniofacial shaping. Overall, our findings indicate that the mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in the effect of environmental conditions on the shaping of craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Flemingsberg, Sweden
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Markéta Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yaakov Gershtein
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schnyder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guzel Gazizova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering (iMMC), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Developmental and Comparative Physiology, N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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45
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Liu GY, Jouandin P, Bahng RE, Perrimon N, Sabatini DM. An evolutionary mechanism to assimilate new nutrient sensors into the mTORC1 pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2517. [PMID: 38514639 PMCID: PMC10957897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals sense and respond to nutrient availability in their environments, a task coordinated in part by the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. mTORC1 regulates growth in response to nutrients and, in mammals, senses specific amino acids through specialized sensors that bind the GATOR1/2 signaling hub. Given that animals can occupy diverse niches, we hypothesized that the pathway might evolve distinct sensors in different metazoan phyla. Whether such customization occurs, and how the mTORC1 pathway might capture new inputs, is unknown. Here, we identify the Drosophila melanogaster protein Unmet expectations (CG11596) as a species-restricted methionine sensor that directly binds the fly GATOR2 complex in a fashion antagonized by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). We find that in Dipterans GATOR2 rapidly evolved the capacity to bind Unmet and to thereby repurpose a previously independent methyltransferase as a SAM sensor. Thus, the modular architecture of the mTORC1 pathway allows it to co-opt preexisting enzymes to expand its nutrient sensing capabilities, revealing a mechanism for conferring evolvability on an otherwise conserved system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick Jouandin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194-UM-ICM, Campus Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Raymond E Bahng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David M Sabatini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Prague, Czech Republic.
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46
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Kazyken D, Dame SG, Wang C, Wadley M, Fingar DC. Unexpected roles for AMPK in the suppression of autophagy and the reactivation of mTORC1 signaling during prolonged amino acid deprivation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.20.572593. [PMID: 38187762 PMCID: PMC10769220 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
AMPK promotes catabolic and suppresses anabolic cell metabolism to promote cell survival during energetic stress, in part by inhibiting mTORC1, an anabolic kinase requiring sufficient levels of amino acids. We found that cells lacking AMPK displayed increased apoptotic cell death during nutrient stress caused by prolonged amino acid deprivation. We presumed that impaired autophagy explained this phenotype, as a prevailing view posits that AMPK initiates autophagy (often a pro-survival response) through phosphorylation of ULK1. Unexpectedly, however, autophagy remained unimpaired in cells lacking AMPK, as monitored by several autophagic readouts in several cell lines. More surprisingly, the absence of AMPK increased ULK1 signaling and LC3b lipidation during amino acid deprivation while AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 S555 (a site proposed to initiate autophagy) decreased upon amino acid withdrawal or pharmacological mTORC1 inhibition. In addition, activation of AMPK with compound 991, glucose deprivation, or AICAR blunted autophagy induced by amino acid withdrawal. These results demonstrate that AMPK activation and glucose deprivation suppress autophagy. As AMPK controlled autophagy in an unexpected direction, we examined how AMPK controls mTORC1 signaling. Paradoxically, we observed impaired reactivation of mTORC1 in cells lacking AMPK upon prolonged amino acid deprivation. Together these results oppose established views that AMPK promotes autophagy and inhibits mTORC1 universally. Moreover, they reveal unexpected roles for AMPK in the suppression of autophagy and the support of mTORC1 signaling in the context of prolonged amino acid deprivation. These findings prompt a reevaluation of how AMPK and its control of autophagy and mTORC1 impact health and disease.
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47
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Raynor JL, Chi H. Nutrients: Signal 4 in T cell immunity. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221839. [PMID: 38411744 PMCID: PMC10899091 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are integral in mediating adaptive immunity to infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Upon immune challenge, T cells exit from a quiescent state, followed by clonal expansion and effector differentiation. These processes are shaped by three established immune signals, namely antigen stimulation (Signal 1), costimulation (Signal 2), and cytokines (Signal 3). Emerging findings reveal that nutrients, including glucose, amino acids, and lipids, are crucial regulators of T cell responses and interplay with Signals 1-3, highlighting nutrients as Signal 4 to license T cell immunity. Here, we first summarize the functional importance of Signal 4 and the underlying mechanisms of nutrient transport, sensing, and signaling in orchestrating T cell activation and quiescence exit. We also discuss the roles of nutrients in programming T cell differentiation and functional fitness and how nutrients can be targeted to improve disease therapy. Understanding how T cells respond to Signal 4 nutrients in microenvironments will provide insights into context-dependent functions of adaptive immunity and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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48
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Krauter D, Stausberg D, Hartmann TJ, Volkmann S, Kungl T, Rasche DA, Saher G, Fledrich R, Stassart RM, Nave KA, Goebbels S, Ewers D, Sereda MW. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in rodent models of PMP22 gene-dosage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:616-640. [PMID: 38383802 PMCID: PMC10940316 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Haplo-insufficiency of the gene encoding the myelin protein PMP22 leads to focal myelin overgrowth in the peripheral nervous system and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Conversely, duplication of PMP22 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), characterized by hypomyelination of medium to large caliber axons. The molecular mechanisms of abnormal myelin growth regulation by PMP22 have remained obscure. Here, we show in rodent models of HNPP and CMT1A that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-pathway inhibiting phosphatase PTEN is correlated in abundance with PMP22 in peripheral nerves, without evidence for direct protein interactions. Indeed, treating DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures from HNPP mice with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors reduced focal hypermyelination. When we treated HNPP mice in vivo with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, motor functions were improved, compound muscle amplitudes were increased and pathological tomacula in sciatic nerves were reduced. In contrast, we found Schwann cell dedifferentiation in CMT1A uncoupled from PI3K/Akt/mTOR, leaving partial PTEN ablation insufficient for disease amelioration. For HNPP, the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors may be considered as the first treatment option for pressure palsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Krauter
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Stausberg
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon J Hartmann
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Rasche
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David Ewers
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:141-158. [PMID: 38557273 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed. AREA COVERED This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023. EXPERT OPINION To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control (JCDC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Wang Y, Yu H, Cen Z, Zhu Y, Wu W. Drug targets regulate systemic metabolism and provide new horizons to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100267. [PMID: 38187470 PMCID: PMC10770762 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the advanced stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with rapidly rising global prevalence. It is featured with severe hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and hepatic lipogenesis. The drugs directly targeting the processes of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis are currently under clinical investigation. Nevertheless, the long-term ineffectiveness and remarkable adverse effects are well documented, and new concepts are required to tackle with the root causes of NASH progression. We critically assess the recently validated drug targets that regulate the systemic metabolism to ameliorate NASH. Thermogenesis promoted by mitochondrial uncouplers restores systemic energy expenditure. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial proteases and proteins that are pivotal for intracellular metabolic homeostasis normalize mitochondrial function. Secreted proteins also improve systemic metabolism, and NASH is ameliorated by agonizing receptors of secreted proteins with small molecules. We analyze the drug design, the advantages and shortcomings of these novel drug candidates. Meanwhile, the structural modification of current NASH therapeutics significantly increased their selectivity, efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the arising CRISPR-Cas9 screen strategy on liver organoids has enabled the identification of new genes that mediate lipid metabolism, which may serve as promising drug targets. In summary, this article discusses the in-depth novel mechanisms and the multidisciplinary approaches, and they provide new horizons to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, China
| | - Hanhan Yu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhipeng Cen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
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