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Mathisen AF, Vacaru AM, Unger L, Lamba EM, Mardare OAM, Daian LM, Ghila L, Vacaru AM, Chera S. Molecular profiling of NOD mouse islets reveals a novel regulator of insulitis onset. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14669. [PMID: 38918575 PMCID: PMC11199597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice are an established, spontaneous model of type 1 diabetes in which diabetes develops through insulitis. Using next-generation sequencing, coupled with pathway analysis, the molecular fingerprint of early insulitis was mapped in a cohort of mice ranging from 4 to 12 weeks of age. The resulting dynamic timeline revealed an initial decrease in proliferative capacity followed by the emergence of an inflammatory signature between 6 and 8 weeks that increased to a regulatory plateau between 10 and 12 weeks. The inflammatory signature is identified by the activation of central immunogenic factors such as Infg, Il1b, and Tnfa, and activation of canonical inflammatory signaling. Analysis of the regulatory landscape revealed the transcription factor Atf3 as a potential novel modulator of inflammatory signaling in the NOD islets. Furthermore, the Hedgehog signaling pathway correlated with Atf3 regulation, suggesting that the two play a role in regulating islet inflammation; however, further studies are needed to establish the nature of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frøslev Mathisen
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrei Mircea Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucas Unger
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elena Mirela Lamba
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Ana-Maria Mardare
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Maria Daian
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana-Maria Vacaru
- BetaUpreg Research Group, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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2
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Mi J, Ren L, Andersson O. Leveraging zebrafish to investigate pancreatic development, regeneration, and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00124-2. [PMID: 38825440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become an outstanding model for studying organ development and tissue regeneration, which is prominently leveraged for studies of pancreatic development, insulin-producing β-cells, and diabetes. Although studied for more than two decades, many aspects remain elusive and it has only recently been possible to investigate these due to technical advances in transcriptomics, chemical-genetics, genome editing, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review recent findings on zebrafish pancreas development, β-cell regeneration, and how zebrafish can be used to provide novel insights into gene functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in diabetes, inspiring further use of zebrafish for the development of novel therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Idevall-Hagren O, Incedal Nilsson C, Sanchez G. Keeping pace: the primary cilium as the conducting baton of the islet. Diabetologia 2024; 67:773-782. [PMID: 38353726 PMCID: PMC10955035 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia are rod-like sensory organelles that protrude from the surface of most mammalian cells, including the cells of the islet, and mounting evidence supports important roles of these structures in the regulation of beta cell function and insulin secretion. The sensory abilities of the cilium arise from local receptor activation that is coupled to intrinsic signal transduction, and ciliary signals can propagate into the cell and influence cell function. Here, we review recent advances and studies that provide insights into intra-islet cues that trigger primary cilia signalling; how second messenger signals are generated and propagated within cilia; and how ciliary signalling affects beta cell function. We also discuss the potential involvement of primary cilia and ciliary signalling in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, identify gaps in our current understanding of islet cell cilia function and provide suggestions on how to further our understanding of this intriguing structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Sanchez
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Oropeza D, Herrera PL. Glucagon-producing α-cell transcriptional identity and reprogramming towards insulin production. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:180-197. [PMID: 37626005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
β-Cell replacement by in situ reprogramming of non-β-cells is a promising diabetes therapy. Following the observation that near-total β-cell ablation in adult mice triggers the reprogramming of pancreatic α-, δ-, and γ-cells into insulin (INS)-producing cells, recent studies are delving deep into the mechanisms controlling adult α-cell identity. Systematic analyses of the α-cell transcriptome and epigenome have started to pinpoint features that could be crucial for maintaining α-cell identity. Using different transgenic and chemical approaches, significant advances have been made in reprogramming α-cells in vivo into INS-secreting cells in mice. The recent reprogramming of human α-cells in vitro is an important step forward that must now be complemented with a comprehensive molecular dissection of the mechanisms controlling α-cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Luis Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Himuro M, Wakabayashi Y, Taguchi T, Katahira T, Suzuki L, Iida H, Ogihara T, Nishida Y, Sasaki S, Lynn FC, Hiraoka Y, Oshima S, Okamoto R, Fujitani Y, Watada H, Miyatsuka T. Novel time-resolved reporter mouse reveals spatial and transcriptional heterogeneity during alpha cell differentiation. Diabetologia 2024; 67:156-169. [PMID: 37870650 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucagon-expressing pancreatic alpha cells have attracted much attention for their plasticity to transdifferentiate into insulin-producing beta cells; however, it remains unclear precisely when, and from where, alpha cells emerge and what regulates alpha cell fate. We therefore explored the spatial and transcriptional heterogeneity of alpha cell differentiation using a novel time-resolved reporter system. METHODS We established the mouse model, 'Gcg-Timer', in which newly generated alpha cells can be distinguished from more-differentiated cells by their fluorescence. Fluorescence imaging and transcriptome analysis were performed with Gcg-Timer mice during the embryonic and postnatal stages. RESULTS Fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry demonstrated that green fluorescence-dominant cells were present in Gcg-Timer mice at the embryonic and neonatal stages but not after 1 week of age, suggesting that alpha cell neogenesis occurs during embryogenesis and early neonatal stages under physiological conditions. Transcriptome analysis of Gcg-Timer embryos revealed that the mRNAs related to angiogenesis were enriched in newly generated alpha cells. Histological analysis revealed that some alpha cells arise close to the pancreatic ducts, whereas the others arise away from the ducts and adjacent to the blood vessels. Notably, when the glucagon signal was suppressed by genetic ablation or by chemicals, such as neutralising glucagon antibody, green-dominant cells emerged again in adult mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Novel time-resolved analysis with Gcg-Timer reporter mice uncovered spatiotemporal features of alpha cell neogenesis that will enhance our understanding of cellular identity and plasticity within the islets. DATA AVAILABILITY Raw and processed RNA sequencing data for this study has been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE229090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Himuro
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Wakabayashi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Taguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takehiro Katahira
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
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Li YQ, Zhang LY, Zhao YC, Xu F, Hu ZY, Wu QH, Li WH, Li YN. Vascular endothelial growth factor B improves impaired glucose tolerance through insulin-mediated inhibition of glucagon secretion. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1643-1658. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a homeostatic state between euglycemia and hyperglycemia and is considered an early high-risk state of diabetes. When IGT occurs, insulin sensitivity decreases, causing a reduction in insulin secretion and an increase in glucagon secretion. Recently, vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) has been demonstrated to play a positive role in improving glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we constructed a mouse model of IGT through high-fat diet feeding and speculated that VEGFB can regulate hyperglycemia in IGT by influencing insulin-mediated glucagon secretion, thus contributing to the prevention and cure of prediabetes.
AIM To explore the potential molecular mechanism and regulatory effects of VEGFB on insulin-mediated glucagon in mice with IGT.
METHODS We conducted in vivo experiments through systematic VEGFB knockout and pancreatic-specific VEGFB overexpression. Insulin and glucagon secretions were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) was determined using western blot. Further, mRNA expression of forkhead box protein O1, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6 phosphatase was detected via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the correlation between the expression of proteins was analyzed via bioinformatics.
RESULTS In mice with IGT and VEGFB knockout, glucagon secretion increased, and the protein expression of PI3K/AKT decreased dramatically. Further, in mice with VEGFB overexpression, glucagon levels declined, with the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION VEGFB/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 can promote insulin-mediated glucagon secretion by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate glucose metabolism disorders in mice with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Chi Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qi-Hao Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ya-Nuo Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
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7
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Zhang J, Katada K, Mosleh E, Yuhas A, Peng G, Golson ML. The leptin receptor has no role in delta-cell control of beta-cell function in the mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257671. [PMID: 37850099 PMCID: PMC10577419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptin inhibits insulin secretion from isolated islets from multiple species, but the cell type that mediates this process remains elusive. Several mouse models have been used to explore this question. Ablation of the leptin receptor (Lepr) throughout the pancreatic epithelium results in altered glucose homeostasis and ex vivo insulin secretion and Ca2+ dynamics. However, Lepr removal from neither alpha nor beta cells mimics this result. Moreover, scRNAseq data has revealed an enrichment of LEPR in human islet delta cells. Methods We confirmed LEPR upregulation in human delta cells by performing RNAseq on fixed, sorted beta and delta cells. We then used a mouse model to test whether delta cells mediate the diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in response to leptin. Results Ablation of Lepr within mouse delta cells did not change glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion, whether mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet. We further show, using a publicly available scRNAseq dataset, that islet cells expressing Lepr lie within endothelial cell clusters. Conclusions In mice, leptin does not influence beta-cell function through delta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Kay Katada
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Elham Mosleh
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Yuhas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Guihong Peng
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria L. Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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Kahraman S, Shibue K, De Jesus DF, Kim H, Hu J, Manna D, Wagner B, Choudhary A, Kulkarni RN. Fluorescein-based sensors to purify human α-cells for functional and transcriptomic analyses. eLife 2023; 12:e85056. [PMID: 37732504 PMCID: PMC10567109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic α-cells secrete glucagon, an insulin counter-regulatory peptide hormone critical for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Investigation of the function of human α-cells remains a challenge due to the lack of cost-effective purification methods to isolate high-quality α-cells from islets. Here, we use the reaction-based probe diacetylated Zinpyr1 (DA-ZP1) to introduce a novel and simple method for enriching live α-cells from dissociated human islet cells with ~95% purity. The α-cells, confirmed by sorting and immunostaining for glucagon, were cultured up to 10 days to form α-pseudoislets. The α-pseudoislets could be maintained in culture without significant loss of viability, and responded to glucose challenge by secreting appropriate levels of glucagon. RNA-sequencing analyses (RNA-seq) revealed that expression levels of key α-cell identity genes were sustained in culture while some of the genes such as DLK1, GSN, SMIM24 were altered in α-pseudoislets in a time-dependent manner. In conclusion, we report a method to sort human primary α-cells with high purity that can be used for downstream analyses such as functional and transcriptional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kimitaka Shibue
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
| | - Debasish Manna
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Bridget Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes CenterBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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9
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Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Sanchez GM, Incedal TC, Prada J, O'Callaghan P, Dyachok O, Echeverry S, Dumral Ö, Nguyen PM, Xie B, Barg S, Kreuger J, Dandekar T, Idevall-Hagren O. The β-cell primary cilium is an autonomous Ca2+ compartment for paracrine GABA signaling. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213674. [PMID: 36350286 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an organelle present in most adult mammalian cells that is considered as an antenna for sensing the local microenvironment. Here, we use intact mouse pancreatic islets of Langerhans to investigate signaling properties of the primary cilium in insulin-secreting β-cells. We find that GABAB1 receptors are strongly enriched at the base of the cilium, but are mobilized to more distal locations upon agonist binding. Using cilia-targeted Ca2+ indicators, we find that activation of GABAB1 receptors induces selective Ca2+ influx into primary cilia through a mechanism that requires voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activation. Islet β-cells utilize cytosolic Ca2+ increases as the main trigger for insulin secretion, yet we find that increases in cytosolic Ca2+ fail to propagate into the cilium, and that this isolation is largely due to enhanced Ca2+ extrusion in the cilium. Our work reveals local GABA action on primary cilia that involves Ca2+ influx and depends on restricted Ca2+ diffusion between the cilium and cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Prada
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul O'Callaghan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oleg Dyachok
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Özge Dumral
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Phuoc My Nguyen
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beichen Xie
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Barg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Đorđević M, Stepper P, Feuerstein-Akgoz C, Gerhauser C, Paunović V, Tolić A, Rajić J, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Grdović N, Mihailović M, Jurkowska RZ, Jurkowski TP, Jovanović JA, Vidaković M. EpiCRISPR targeted methylation of Arx gene initiates transient switch of mouse pancreatic alpha to insulin-producing cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1134478. [PMID: 37008919 PMCID: PMC10063207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta cell dysfunction by loss of beta cell identity, dedifferentiation, and the presence of polyhormonal cells are main characteristics of diabetes. The straightforward strategy for curing diabetes implies reestablishment of pancreatic beta cell function by beta cell replacement therapy. Aristaless-related homeobox (Arx) gene encodes protein which plays an important role in the development of pancreatic alpha cells and is a main target for changing alpha cell identity. RESULTS In this study we used CRISPR/dCas9-based epigenetic tools for targeted hypermethylation of Arx gene promoter and its subsequent suppression in mouse pancreatic αTC1-6 cell line. Bisulfite sequencing and methylation profiling revealed that the dCas9-Dnmt3a3L-KRAB single chain fusion constructs (EpiCRISPR) was the most efficient. Epigenetic silencing of Arx expression was accompanied by an increase in transcription of the insulin gene (Ins2) mRNA on 5th and 7th post-transfection day, quantified by both RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Insulin production and secretion was determined by immunocytochemistry and ELISA assay, respectively. Eventually, we were able to induce switch of approximately 1% of transiently transfected cells which were able to produce 35% more insulin than Mock transfected alpha cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we successfully triggered a direct, transient switch of pancreatic alpha to insulin-producing cells opening a future research on promising therapeutic avenue for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Peter Stepper
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clarissa Feuerstein-Akgoz
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Gerhauser
- Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verica Paunović
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tomasz P. Jurkowski
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Tomasz P. Jurkowski, ; Jelena Arambašić Jovanović, ; Melita Vidaković,
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12
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Wakabayashi Y, Miyatsuka T, Miura M, Himuro M, Taguchi T, Iida H, Nishida Y, Fujitani Y, Watada H. STAT3 suppression and β-cell ablation enhance α-to-β reprogramming mediated by Pdx1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21419. [PMID: 36496541 PMCID: PMC9741642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As diabetes results from the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, possible methods to efficiently generate surrogate β cells have attracted a lot of efforts. To date, insulin-producing cells have been generated from various differentiated cell types in the pancreas, such as acinar cells and α cells, by inducing defined transcription factors, such as PDX1 and MAFA, yet it is still challenging as to how surrogate β cells can be efficiently generated for establishing future regenerative therapies for diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that the exogenous expression of PDX1 activated STAT3 in α cells in vitro, and STAT3-null PDX1-expressing α cells in vivo resulted in efficient induction of α-to-β reprogramming, accompanied by the emergence of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells with silenced glucagon expression. Whereas β-cell ablation by alloxan administration significantly increased the number of α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells by PDX1, STAT3 suppression resulted in no further increase in β-cell neogenesis after β-cell ablation. Thus, STAT3 modulation and β-cell ablation nonadditively enhance α-to-β reprogramming induced by PDX1, which may lead to the establishment of cell therapies for curing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Wakabayashi
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Masaki Miura
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Taguchi
- grid.410786.c0000 0000 9206 2938Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Glucagon-receptor-antagonism-mediated β-cell regeneration as an effective anti-diabetic therapy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110872. [PMID: 35649369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic disease with potentially severe complications, and β-cell deficiency underlies this disease. Despite active research, no therapy to date has been able to induce β-cell regeneration in humans. Here, we discover the β-cell regenerative effects of glucagon receptor antibody (anti-GcgR). Treatment with anti-GcgR in mouse models of β-cell deficiency leads to reversal of hyperglycemia, increase in plasma insulin levels, and restoration of β-cell mass. We demonstrate that both β-cell proliferation and α- to β-cell transdifferentiation contribute to anti-GcgR-induced β-cell regeneration. Interestingly, anti-GcgR-induced α-cell hyperplasia can be uncoupled from β-cell regeneration after antibody clearance from the body. Importantly, we are able to show that anti-GcgR-induced β-cell regeneration is also observed in non-human primates. Furthermore, anti-GcgR and anti-CD3 combination therapy reverses diabetes and increases β-cell mass in a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes.
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14
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Bhagchandani P, Chang CA, Zhao W, Ghila L, Herrera PL, Chera S, Kim SK. Islet cell replacement and transplantation immunology in a mouse strain with inducible diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9033. [PMID: 35641781 PMCID: PMC9156753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved models of experimental diabetes are needed to develop cell therapies for diabetes. Here, we introduce the B6 RIP-DTR mouse, a model of experimental diabetes in fully immunocompetent animals. These inbred mice harbor the H2b major histocompatibility complex (MHC), selectively express high affinity human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) in islet β-cells, and are homozygous for the Ptprca (CD45.1) allele rather than wild-type Ptprcb (CD45.2). 100% of B6 RIP-DTR mice rapidly became diabetic after a single dose of diphtheria toxin, and this was reversed indefinitely after transplantation with islets from congenic C57BL/6 mice. By contrast, MHC-mismatched islets were rapidly rejected, and this allotransplant response was readily monitored via blood glucose and graft histology. In peripheral blood of B6 RIP-DTR with mixed hematopoietic chimerism, CD45.2 BALB/c donor blood immune cells were readily distinguished from host CD45.1 cells by flow cytometry. Reliable diabetes induction and other properties in B6 RIP-DTR mice provide an important new tool to advance transplant-based studies of islet replacement and immunomodulation to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preksha Bhagchandani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Charles A Chang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Weichen Zhao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Medicine (Endocrinology Division), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology Division), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,JDRF Center of Excellence, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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15
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Ghila L, Furuyama K, Grey ST, Scholz H, Chera S. Editorial: Beta-Cell Fate: From Gene Circuits to Disease Mechanisms. Front Genet 2022; 13:822440. [PMID: 35281817 PMCID: PMC8914033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.822440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ghila
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Luiza Ghila, ; Simona Chera,
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Immunology Department, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Luiza Ghila, ; Simona Chera,
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16
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Perez-Frances M, Abate MV, Baronnier D, Scherer PE, Fujitani Y, Thorel F, Herrera PL. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells emerge as fetal hormone-expressing cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110377. [PMID: 35172145 PMCID: PMC8864465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise developmental dynamics of the pancreatic islet endocrine cell types, and their interrelation, are unknown. Some authors claim the persistence of islet cell differentiation from precursor cells after birth (“neogenesis”). Here, using four conditional cell lineage tracing (“pulse-and-chase”) murine models, we describe the natural history of pancreatic islet cells, once they express a hormone gene, until late in life. Concerning the contribution of early-appearing embryonic hormone-expressing cells to the formation of islets, we report that adult islet cells emerge from embryonic hormone-expressing cells arising at different time points during development, without any evidence of postnatal neogenesis. We observe specific patterns of hormone gene activation and switching during islet morphogenesis, revealing that, within each cell type, cells have heterogeneous developmental trajectories. This likely applies to most maturating cells in the body, and explains the observed phenotypic variability within differentiated cell types. Such knowledge should help devising novel regenerative therapies. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells arise as embryonic hormone-expressing cells No detectable islet cell differentiation from putative precursor cells after birth Some embryonic hormone-producing cells display a switch in hormone gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Frances
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Valentina Abate
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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17
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Carril Pardo CA, Massoz L, Dupont MA, Bergemann D, Bourdouxhe J, Lavergne A, Tarifeño-Saldivia E, Helker CSM, Stainier DYR, Peers B, Voz MM, Manfroid I. A δ-cell subpopulation with pro-β cell identity contributes to efficient age-independent recovery in a zebrafish diabetes model. eLife 2022; 11:67576. [PMID: 35060900 PMCID: PMC8820734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring damaged b-cells in diabetic patients by harnessing the plasticity of other pancreatic cells raises the questions of the efficiency of the process and of the functionality of the new Insulin-expressing cells. To overcome the weak regenerative capacity of mammals, we used regeneration-prone zebrafish to study b-cells arising following destruction. We show that most new insulin cells differ from the original b-cells as they coexpress Somatostatin and Insulin. These bihormonal cells are abundant, functional and able to normalize glycemia. Their formation in response to b-cell destruction is fast, efficient and age-independent. Bihormonal cells are transcriptionally close to a subset of d-cells that we identified in control islets and which are characterized by the expression of somatostatin 1.1 (sst1.1) and by genes essential for glucose-induced Insulin secretion in β-cells such as pdx1, slc2a2 and gck. We observed in vivo the conversion of monohormonal sst1.1-expressing cells to sst1.1+ ins+ bihormonal cells following b-cell destruction. Our findings support the conclusion that sst1.1 d-cells possess a pro-b identity enabling them to contribute to the neogenesis of Insulin-producing cells during regeneration. This work unveils that abundant and functional bihormonal cells benefit to diabetes recovery in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Massoz
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
| | - Marie A Dupont
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
| | - David Bergemann
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
| | - Jordane Bourdouxhe
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
| | | | | | - Christian SM Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research
| | - Bernard Peers
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
| | - Marianne M Voz
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cellslls, University of Liège
| | - Isabelle Manfroid
- Zebrafish Development and Disease Models laboratory, GIGA-Stem Cells, University of Liège
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18
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Ghila L, Legøy TA, Chera S. A Method for Encapsulation and Transplantation into Diabetic Mice of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC)-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2454:327-349. [PMID: 33786775 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet endocrine cells generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells represent a great strategy for both disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, these cells inherently miss the effects of the intricate network of systemic signals characterizing the living organisms. Xenotransplantation of in vitro differentiating cells into murine hosts substantially compensates for this drawback.Here we describe our transplantation strategy of encapsulated differentiating pancreatic progenitors into diabetic immunosuppressed (NSG) overtly diabetic mice generated by the total ablation of insulin-producing cells following diphtheria toxin administration. We will detail the differentiation protocol employed, the alginate encapsulation procedure, and the xenotransplantation steps required for a successful and reproducible experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Aga Legøy
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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19
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Acetone Ingestion Mimics a Fasting State to Improve Glucose Tolerance in a Mouse Model of Gestational Hyperglycemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312914. [PMID: 34884717 PMCID: PMC8657850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus results, in part, from a sub-optimal β-cell mass (BCM) during pregnancy. Artemisinins were reported to increase BCM in models of diabetes by α- to β-cell conversion leading to enhanced glucose tolerance. We used a mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance to compare the effects of an artemisinin (artesunate) on glycemia of pregnant mice with vehicle treatment (acetone) or no treatment. Animals were treated daily from gestational days (GD) 0.5 to 6.5. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed prior to euthanasia at GD18.5 or post-partum. Glucose tolerance was significantly improved in both pregnant and non-pregnant mice with both artesunate and vehicle-alone treatment, suggesting the outcome was primarily due to the acetone vehicle. In non-pregnant, acetone-treated animals, improved glucose tolerance was associated with a higher BCM and a significant increase in bihormonal insulin and glucagon-containing pancreatic islet cells, suggesting α- to β-cell conversion. BCM did not differ with treatment during pregnancy or post-partum. However, placental weight was higher in acetone-treated animals and was associated with an upregulation of apelinergic genes. Acetone-treated animals had reduced weight gain during treatment despite comparable food consumption to non-treated mice, suggesting transient effects on nutrient uptake. The mean duodenal and ileum villus height was reduced following exposure to acetone. We conclude that acetone treatment may mimic transient fasting, resulting in a subsequent improvement in glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
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20
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Oropeza D, Cigliola V, Romero A, Chera S, Rodríguez-Seguí SA, Herrera PL. Stage-specific transcriptomic changes in pancreatic α-cells after massive β-cell loss. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:585. [PMID: 34340653 PMCID: PMC8330016 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of pancreatic insulin-secreting β-cells due to metabolic or autoimmune damage leads to the development of diabetes. The discovery that α-cells can be efficiently reprogrammed into insulin-secreting cells in mice and humans has opened promising avenues for innovative diabetes therapies. β-cell loss triggers spontaneous reprogramming of only 1–2% of α-cells, limiting the extent of regeneration. Most α-cells are refractory to conversion and their global transcriptomic response to severe β-cell loss as well as the mechanisms opposing their reprogramming into insulin producers are largely unknown. Here, we performed RNA-seq on FAC-sorted α-cells to characterize their global transcriptional responses at different time points after massive β-cell ablation. Results Our results show that α-cells undergo stage-specific transcriptional changes 5- and 15-days post-diphtheria toxin (DT)-mediated β-cell ablation. At 5 days, α-cells transiently upregulate various genes associated with interferon signaling and proliferation, including Interferon Induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 3 (Ifit3). Subsequently, at 15 days post β-cell ablation, α-cells undergo a transient downregulation of genes from several pathways including Insulin receptor, mTOR and MET signaling. Conclusions The results presented here pinpoint novel markers discriminating α-cells at different stages after acute β-cell loss, and highlight additional signaling pathways that are modulated in α-cells in this context. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07812-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Present address: Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Agustín Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Santiago A Rodríguez-Seguí
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Pancreatic Ppy-expressing γ-cells display mixed phenotypic traits and the adaptive plasticity to engage insulin production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4458. [PMID: 34294685 PMCID: PMC8298494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24788-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular identity of pancreatic polypeptide (Ppy)-expressing γ-cells, one of the rarest pancreatic islet cell-type, remains elusive. Within islets, glucagon and somatostatin, released respectively from α- and δ-cells, modulate the secretion of insulin by β-cells. Dysregulation of insulin production raises blood glucose levels, leading to diabetes onset. Here, we present the genetic signature of human and mouse γ-cells. Using different approaches, we identified a set of genes and pathways defining their functional identity. We found that the γ-cell population is heterogeneous, with subsets of cells producing another hormone in addition to Ppy. These bihormonal cells share identity markers typical of the other islet cell-types. In mice, Ppy gene inactivation or conditional γ-cell ablation did not alter glycemia nor body weight. Interestingly, upon β-cell injury induction, γ-cells exhibited gene expression changes and some of them engaged insulin production, like α- and δ-cells. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive characterization of γ-cells and highlight their plasticity and therapeutic potential.
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22
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Golson ML. Islet Epigenetic Impacts on β-Cell Identity and Function. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1961-1978. [PMID: 34061978 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of differentiation is vital to the function of mature cells. Terminal differentiation is achieved by locking in the expression of genes essential for the function of those cells. Gene expression and its memory through generations of cell division is controlled by transcription factors and a host of epigenetic marks. In type 2 diabetes, β cells have altered gene expression compared to controls, accompanied by altered chromatin marks. Mutations, diet, and environment can all disrupt the implementation and preservation of the distinctive β-cell transcriptional signature. Understanding of the full complement of genomic control in β cells is still nascent. This article describes the known effects of histone marks and variants, DNA methylation, how they are regulated in the β cell, and how they affect cell-fate specification, maintenance, and lineage propagation. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-18, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Isaacson A, Spagnoli FM. Pancreatic cell fate specification: insights into developmental mechanisms and their application for lineage reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 70:32-39. [PMID: 34062490 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders, which results from insufficient functional pancreatic β-cell mass either due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin producing β-cells, or their death or de-differentiation as compensation for insulin resistance. The ability to reprogram cell types within close developmental proximity to β-cells offers a strategy to replenish β-cell mass and a future possible treatment of diabetes. Here, we review recent advances in the fields of pancreas development and lineage reprogramming. We also probe the possibility of using reprogrammed cells as an approach by which to further understand developmental mechanisms, in particular roadblocks to changing cell identity. Finally, we highlight fundamental challenges that need to be overcome to advance lineage reprogramming for generating pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Isaacson
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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24
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Szlapinski SK, Bennett J, Strutt BJ, Hill DJ. Increased alpha and beta cell mass during mouse pregnancy is not dependent on transdifferentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:617-628. [PMID: 33231513 PMCID: PMC7934144 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220972686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pancreatic beta-cell mass (BCM) increases during pregnancy to compensate for relative insulin resistance. If BCM expansion is suboptimal, gestational diabetes mellitus can develop. Alpha-cell mass (ACM) also changes during pregnancy, but there is a lack of information about α-cell plasticity in pregnancy and whether α- to β-cell transdifferentiation can occur. To investigate this, we used a mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance induced by feeding low-protein (LP) diet from conception until weaning and compared pregnant female offspring to control diet-fed animals. Control and LP pancreata were collected for immunohistochemical analysis and serum glucagon levels were measured. In order to lineage trace α- to β-cell conversion, we utilized transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein behind the proglucagon gene promoter (Gcg-Cre/YFP) and collected pancreata for histology at various gestational timepoints. Alpha-cell proliferation increased significantly at gestational day (GD) 9.5 in control pregnancies resulting in an increased ACM at GD18.5, and this was significantly reduced in LP animals. Despite these changes, serum glucagon was higher in LP mice at GD18.5. Pregnant Gcg-Cre/YFP mice showed no increase in the abundance of insulin+YFP+glucagon- cells (phenotypic β-cells). A second population of insulin+YFP+glucagon+ cells was identified which also did not alter during pregnancy. However, there was an altered anatomical distribution within islets with fewer insulin+YFP+glucagon- cells but more insulin+YFP+glucagon+ cells being present in the islet mantle at GD18.5. These findings demonstrate that dynamic changes in ACM occur during normal pregnancy and were altered in glucose-intolerant pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Szlapinski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jamie Bennett
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Brenda J Strutt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
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Roostalu U, Lercke Skytte J, Gravesen Salinas C, Klein T, Vrang N, Jelsing J, Hecksher-Sørensen J. 3D quantification of changes in pancreatic islets in mouse models of diabetes type I and II. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045351. [PMID: 33158929 PMCID: PMC7758639 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by rising levels of blood glucose and is often associated with a progressive loss of insulin-producing beta cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is possible to regenerate new beta cells through proliferation of existing beta cells or trans-differentiation of other cell types into beta cells, raising hope that diabetes can be cured through restoration of functional beta cell mass. Efficient quantification of beta cell mass and islet characteristics is needed to enhance drug discovery for diabetes. Here, we report a 3D quantitative imaging platform for unbiased evaluation of changes in islets in mouse models of type I and II diabetes. To determine whether the method can detect pharmacologically induced changes in beta cell volume, mice were treated for 14 days with either vehicle or the insulin receptor antagonist S961 (2.4 nmol/day) using osmotic minipumps. Mice treated with S961 displayed increased blood glucose and insulin levels. Light-sheet imaging of insulin and Ki67 (also known as Mki67)-immunostained pancreata revealed a 43% increase in beta cell volume and 21% increase in islet number. S961 treatment resulted in an increase in islets positive for the cell proliferation marker Ki67, suggesting that proliferation of existing beta cells underlies the expansion of total beta cell volume. Using light-sheet imaging of a non-obese diabetic mouse model of type I diabetes, we also characterized the infiltration of CD45 (also known as PTPRC)-labeled leukocytes in islets. At 14 weeks, 40% of the small islets, but more than 80% of large islets, showed leukocyte infiltration. These results demonstrate how quantitative light-sheet imaging can capture changes in individual islets to help pharmacological research in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Klein
- Department of CardioMetabolic, Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany
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Sever D, Grapin-Botton A. Regeneration of the pancreas: proliferation and cellular conversion of surviving cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:84-93. [PMID: 32721583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common pancreas-related disorders are diabetes, pancreatitis and different types of pancreatic cancers. Diabetes is a chronic condition which results from insufficient functional β-cell mass, either as a result of an autoimmune destruction of insulin producing β-cells, or as their death or de-differentiation following years of hyperactivity to compensate for insulin resistance. Chronic pancreatitis leads to cell death and can develop into diabetes or pancreatic cancer. To stimulate regeneration in such pathologies, it is of high importance to evaluate the endogenous regeneration capacity of the pancreas, to understand the conditions needed to trigger it, and to investigate the cellular and molecular regenerative responses. This short review focuses on observations made in the last 2 years on the mechanisms enhancing pancreatic cell proliferation, notably new combinations of pharmacological agents, as well as those triggering cellular conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Sever
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Blegdamsvej, 3B 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Blegdamsvej, 3B 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 1307 Dresden, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Organ constructs are organ-like structures grown in vitro or in vivo that harbor the components, architecture, and function of in vivo organs, in part or in toto. The convergence of stem cell biology, bioengineering, and gene editing tools have substantially broadened our ability to generate various types of organ constructs for regenerative medicine as well as to address pressing biomedical questions. In this Review, we highlight prevailing approaches for generating organ constructs, from organoids to chimeric organ engineering. We also discuss design principles of different approaches, their utility and limitations, and propose strategies to resolve existing hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Bioinformatic Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Signature during hiPSC Differentiation towards Insulin-Producing Cells upon HNF4α Mutation. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070179. [PMID: 32605028 PMCID: PMC7400504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) gene affect prenatal and postnatal pancreas development, being characterized by insulin-producing β-cell dysfunction. Little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to β-cell failure as result of HNF4α mutation. In this study, we compared the miRNA profile of differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) derived from HNF4α+/Δ mutation carriers and their family control along the differentiation timeline. Moreover, we associated this regulation with the corresponding transcriptome profile to isolate transcript–miRNA partners deregulated in the mutated cells. This study uncovered a steep difference in the miRNA regulation pattern occurring during the posterior foregut to pancreatic endoderm transition, defining early and late differentiation regulatory windows. The pathway analysis of the miRNAome–transcriptome interactions revealed a likely gradual involvement of HNF4α+/Δ mutation in p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, with consequences for the proliferation potential, survival and cell fate acquisition of the differentiating cells. The present study is based on bioinformatics approaches and we expect that, pending further experimental validation, certain miRNAs deregulated in the HNF4α+/Δ cells would prove useful for therapy.
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Viloria K, Nasteska D, Briant LJB, Heising S, Larner DP, Fine NHF, Ashford FB, da Silva Xavier G, Ramos MJ, Hasib A, Cuozzo F, Manning Fox JE, MacDonald PE, Akerman I, Lavery GG, Flaxman C, Morgan NG, Richardson SJ, Hewison M, Hodson DJ. Vitamin-D-Binding Protein Contributes to the Maintenance of α Cell Function and Glucagon Secretion. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107761. [PMID: 32553153 PMCID: PMC7302426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP) or group-specific component of serum (GC-globulin) carries vitamin D metabolites from the circulation to target tissues. DBP is highly localized to the liver and pancreatic α cells. Although DBP serum levels, gene polymorphisms, and autoantigens have all been associated with diabetes risk, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that DBP regulates α cell morphology, α cell function, and glucagon secretion. Deletion of DBP leads to smaller and hyperplastic α cells, altered Na+ channel conductance, impaired α cell activation by low glucose, and reduced rates of glucagon secretion both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, this involves reversible changes in islet microfilament abundance and density, as well as changes in glucagon granule distribution. Defects are also seen in β cell and δ cell function. Immunostaining of human pancreata reveals generalized loss of DBP expression as a feature of late-onset and long-standing, but not early-onset, type 1 diabetes. Thus, DBP regulates α cell phenotype, with implications for diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Viloria
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Linford J B Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Silke Heising
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Dean P Larner
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas H F Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Fiona B Ashford
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriela da Silva Xavier
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Jiménez Ramos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Annie Hasib
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Federica Cuozzo
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ildem Akerman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christine Flaxman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
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30
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Yin Q, Ni Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li W, Nie A, Wang S, Gu Y, Wang Q, Ning G. Raptor determines β-cell identity and plasticity independent of hyperglycemia in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2538. [PMID: 32439909 PMCID: PMC7242325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised β-cell identity is emerging as an important contributor to β-cell failure in diabetes; however, the precise mechanism independent of hyperglycemia is under investigation. We have previously reported that mTORC1/Raptor regulates functional maturation in β-cells. In the present study, we find that diabetic β-cell specific Raptor-deficient mice (βRapKOGFP) show reduced β-cell mass, loss of β-cell identity and acquisition of α-cell features; which are not reversible upon glucose normalization. Deletion of Raptor directly impairs β-cell identity, mitochondrial metabolic coupling and protein synthetic activity, leading to β-cell failure. Moreover, loss of Raptor activates α-cell transcription factor MafB (via modulating C/EBPβ isoform ratio) and several α-cell enriched genes i.e. Etv1 and Tspan12, thus initiates β- to α-cell reprograming. The present findings highlight mTORC1 as a metabolic rheostat for stabilizing β-cell identity and repressing α-cell program at normoglycemic level, which might present therapeutic opportunities for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Yin
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Qicheng Ni
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Li
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Aifang Nie
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Gu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Qidi Wang
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Dumayne C, Tarussio D, Sanchez-Archidona AR, Picard A, Basco D, Berney XP, Ibberson M, Thorens B. Klf6 protects β-cells against insulin resistance-induced dedifferentiation. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100958. [PMID: 32244185 PMCID: PMC7093812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, development of insulin resistance triggers an increase in pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion capacity and β-cell number. Failure of this compensatory mechanism is caused by a dedifferentiation of β-cells, which leads to insufficient insulin secretion and diabetic hyperglycemia. The β-cell factors that normally protect against dedifferentiation remain poorly defined. Here, through a systems biology approach, we identify the transcription factor Klf6 as a regulator of β-cell adaptation to metabolic stress. METHODS We used a β-cell specific Klf6 knockout mouse model to investigate whether Klf6 may be a potential regulator of β-cell adaptation to a metabolic stress. RESULTS We show that inactivation of Klf6 in β-cells blunts their proliferation induced by the insulin resistance of pregnancy, high-fat high-sucrose feeding, and insulin receptor antagonism. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Klf6 controls the expression of β-cell proliferation genes and, in the presence of insulin resistance, it prevents the down-expression of genes controlling mature β-cell identity and the induction of disallowed genes that impair insulin secretion. Its expression also limits the transdifferentiation of β-cells into α-cells. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a new transcription factor that protects β-cells against dedifferentiation, and which may be targeted to prevent diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dumayne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Tarussio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Rodriguez Sanchez-Archidona
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Picard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Basco
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Pascal Berney
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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Legøy TA, Ghila L, Vethe H, Abadpour S, Mathisen AF, Paulo JA, Scholz H, Ræder H, Chera S. In vivo hyperglycaemia exposure elicits distinct period-dependent effects on human pancreatic progenitor differentiation, conveyed by oxidative stress. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13433. [PMID: 31872528 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The loss of insulin-secreting β-cells, ultimately characterizing most diabetes forms, demands the development of cell replacement therapies. The common endpoint for all ex vivo strategies is transplantation into diabetic patients. However, the effects of hyperglycaemia environment on the transplanted cells were not yet properly assessed. Thus, the main goal of this study was to characterize global effect of brief and prolonged in vivo hyperglycaemia exposure on the cell fate acquisition and maintenance of transplanted human pancreatic progenitors. METHODS To rigorously study the effect of hyperglycaemia, in vitro differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived pancreatic progenitors were xenotransplanted in normoglycaemic and diabetic NSG rat insulin promoter (RIP)-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice. The transplants were retrieved after 1-week or 1-month exposure to overt hyperglycaemia and analysed by large-scale microscopy or global proteomics. For this study we pioneer the use of the NSG RIP-DTR system in the transplantation of hiPSC, making use of its highly reproducible specific and absolute β-cell ablation property in the absence of inflammation or other organ toxicity. RESULTS Here we show for the first time that besides the presence of an induced oxidative stress signature, the cell fate and proteome landscape response to hyperglycaemia was different, involving largely different mechanisms, according to the period spent in the hyperglycaemic environment. Surprisingly, brief hyperglycaemia exposure increased the bihormonal cell number by impeding the activity of specific islet lineage determinants. Moreover, it activated antioxidant and inflammation protection mechanisms signatures in the transplanted cells. In contrast, the prolonged exposure was characterized by decreased numbers of hormone + cells, low/absent detoxification signature, augmented production of oxygen reactive species and increased apoptosis. CONCLUSION Hyperglycaemia exposure induced distinct, period-dependent, negative effects on xenotransplanted human pancreatic progenitor, affecting their energy homeostasis, cell fate acquisition and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Legøy
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub‐Centre of Excellence Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | | | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub‐Centre of Excellence Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Transplant Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Pediatrics Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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33
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Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Gauthier BR. Time for a paradigm shift in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus: coupling inflammation to islet regeneration. Metabolism 2020; 104:154137. [PMID: 31904355 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that targets the destruction of islet beta-cells resulting in insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and death if untreated. Despite advances in medical devices and longer-acting insulin, there is still no robust therapy to substitute and protect beta-cells that are lost in T1DM. Attempts to refrain from the autoimmune attack have failed to achieve glycemic control in patients highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in T1DM treatment. Paradoxically, beta-cells are present in T1DM patients indicating a disturbed equilibrium between the immune attack and beta-cell regeneration reminiscent of unresolved wound healing that under normal circumstances progression towards an anti-inflammatory milieu promotes regeneration. Thus, the ultimate T1DM therapy should concomitantly restore immune self-tolerance and replenish the beta-cell mass similar to wound healing. Recently the agonistic activation of the nuclear receptor LRH-1/NR5A2 was shown to induce immune self-tolerance, increase beta-cell survival and promote regeneration through a mechanism of alpha-to-beta cell phenotypic switch. This trans-regeneration process appears to be facilitated by a pancreatic anti-inflammatory environment induced by LRH-1/NR5A2 activation. Herein, we review the literature on the role of LRH1/NR5A2 in immunity and islet physiology and propose that a cross-talk between these cellular compartments is mandatory to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029 Spain.
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34
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Legøy TA, Mathisen AF, Salim Z, Vethe H, Bjørlykke Y, Abadpour S, Paulo JA, Scholz H, Ræder H, Ghila L, Chera S. In vivo Environment Swiftly Restricts Human Pancreatic Progenitors Toward Mono-Hormonal Identity via a HNF1A/HNF4A Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:109. [PMID: 32161757 PMCID: PMC7052484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating insulin-producing β-cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells is a promising cell replacement therapy for improving or curing insulin-dependent diabetes. The transplantation of end-stages differentiating cells into living hosts was demonstrated to improve β-cell maturation. Nevertheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms outlining the transplanted cells’ response to the in vivo environment are still to be properly characterized. Here we use global proteomics and large-scale imaging techniques to demultiplex and filter the cellular processes and molecular signatures modulated by the immediate in vivo effect. We show that in vivo exposure swiftly confines in vitro generated human pancreatic progenitors to single hormone expression. The global proteome landscape of the transplanted cells was closer to native human islets, especially in regard to energy metabolism and redox balance. Moreover, our study indicates a possible link between these processes and certain epigenetic regulators involved in cell identity. Pathway analysis predicted HNF1A and HNF4A as key regulators controlling the in vivo islet-promoting response, with experimental evidence suggesting their involvement in confining islet cell fate following xeno-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aga Legøy
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Zaidon Salim
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplant Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplant Medicine, Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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35
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Hartig SM, Cox AR. Paracrine signaling in islet function and survival. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:451-467. [PMID: 32067063 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is a dense cellular network comprised of several cell types with endocrine function vital in the control of glucose homeostasis, metabolism, and feeding behavior. Within the islet, endocrine hormones also form an intricate paracrine network with supportive cells (endothelial, neuronal, immune) and secondary signaling molecules regulating cellular function and survival. Modulation of these signals has potential consequences for diabetes development, progression, and therapeutic intervention. Beta cell loss, reduced endogenous insulin secretion, and dysregulated glucagon secretion are hallmark features of both type 1 and 2 diabetes that not only impact systemic regulation of glucose, but also contribute to the function and survival of cells within the islet. Advancing research and technology have revealed new islet biology (cellular identity and transcriptomes) and identified previously unrecognized paracrine signals and mechanisms (somatostatin and ghrelin paracrine actions), while shifting prior views of intraislet communication. This review will summarize the paracrine signals regulating islet endocrine function and survival, the disruption and dysfunction that occur in diabetes, and potential therapeutic targets to preserve beta cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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36
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Quesada-Candela C, Tudurí E, Marroquí L, Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Morphological and functional adaptations of pancreatic alpha-cells during late pregnancy in the mouse. Metabolism 2020; 102:153963. [PMID: 31593706 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy represents a major metabolic challenge for the mother, and involves a compensatory response of the pancreatic beta-cell to maintain normoglycemia. However, although pancreatic alpha-cells play a key role in glucose homeostasis and seem to be involved in gestational diabetes, there is no information about their potential adaptations or changes during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Non-pregnant (controls) and pregnant C57BL/6 mice at gestational day 18.5 (G18.5) and their isolated pancreatic islets were used for in vivo and ex vivo studies, respectively. The effect of pregnancy hormones was tested in glucagon-secreting α-TC1.9 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in pancreatic slices. Glucagon gene expression was monitored by RT-qPCR. Glucagon secretion and plasma hormones were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Pregnant mice on G18.5 exhibited alpha-cell hypertrophy as well as augmented alpha-cell area and mass. This alpha-cell mass expansion was mainly due to increased proliferation. No changes in alpha-cell apoptosis, ductal neogenesis, or alpha-to-beta transdifferentiation were found compared with controls. Pregnant mice on G18.5 exhibited hypoglucagonemia. Additionally, in vitro glucagon secretion at low glucose levels was decreased in isolated islets from pregnant animals. Glucagon content was also reduced. Experiments in α-TC1.9 cells indicated that, unlike estradiol and progesterone, placental lactogens and prolactin stimulated alpha-cell proliferation. Placental lactogens, prolactin and estradiol also inhibited glucagon release from α-TC1.9 cells at low glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS The pancreatic alpha-cell in mice undergoes several morphofunctional changes during late pregnancy, which may contribute to proper glucose homeostasis. Gestational hormones are likely involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Quesada-Candela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Laura Marroquí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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37
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Cigliola V, Ghila L, Chera S, Herrera PL. Tissue repair brakes: A common paradigm in the biology of regeneration. Stem Cells 2019; 38:330-339. [PMID: 31722129 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To date, most attention on tissue regeneration has focused on the exploration of positive cues promoting or allowing the engagement of natural cellular restoration upon injury. In contrast, the signals fostering cell identity maintenance in the vertebrate body have been poorly investigated; yet they are crucial, for their counteraction could become a powerful method to induce and modulate regeneration. Here we review the mechanisms inhibiting pro-regenerative spontaneous adaptive cell responses in different model organisms and organs. The pharmacological or genetic/epigenetic modulation of such regenerative brakes could release a dormant but innate adaptive competence of certain cell types and therefore boost tissue regeneration in different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cigliola
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
PURPOSE This review is based on a recent invited lecture at the American Diabetes Association's 79th annual Scientific Sessions entitled "Major Advances and Discoveries in Diabetes - The Year in Review." RECENT FINDINGS Here I provide a written account of my presentation entitled "Major Discoveries in Diabetes over the Past Year." I highlight several recent advances in basic science that are relevant for the diabetes field, with insight into how the key takeaways impact basic science. I also speculate on how these breakthroughs challenge the field to move the basic science "discovery" into the clinic, as well as offering a perspective on unanswered questions in relation to these advances. The review should in no way be taken as an endorsement of the highlighted work or a denunciation of any work not selected. Rather, it is a personal reflection that provides a glimpse into what is on the horizon in this rapidly evolving and exciting field!
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Affiliation(s)
- Juleen R Zierath
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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39
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Katahira T, Miyatsuka T, Miura M, Suzuki L, Himuro M, Nishida Y, Satoh H, Watada H. Conversion of pancreatic α cells into insulin-producing cells modulated by β-cell insufficiency and supplemental insulin administration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:178-183. [PMID: 31653346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of bihormonal (BH) cells expressing insulin and glucagon has been reported under diabetic conditions in humans and mice. Whereas lineage tracing studies demonstrated that glucagon-producing α cells can be reprogrammed into BH cells, the underlying dynamics of the conversion process remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the identities of pancreatic endocrine cells by genetic lineage tracing under diabetic conditions. When β-cell ablation was induced by alloxan (ALX), a time-dependent increase in BH cells was subsequently observed. Lineage tracing experiments demonstrated that BH cells originate from α cells, but not from β cells, in ALX-induced diabetic mice. Notably, supplemental insulin administration into diabetic mice resulted in a significant increase in α-cell-derived insulin-producing cells that did not express glucagon. Furthermore, lineage tracing in Ins2Akita diabetic mice demonstrated a significant induction of α-to-β conversion. Thus, adult α cells have plasticity, which enables them to be reprogrammed into insulin-producing cells under diabetic conditions, and this can be modulated by supplemental insulin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan; Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Japan.
| | - Masaki Miura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan; Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan
| | | | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Japan; Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Japan; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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40
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Bru-Tari E, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Alonso-Magdalena P, Dos Santos RS, Marroqui L, Nadal A, Gauthier BR, Quesada I. Pancreatic alpha-cell mass in the early-onset and advanced stage of a mouse model of experimental autoimmune diabetes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9515. [PMID: 31266981 PMCID: PMC6606577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have focused on the loss of the pancreatic beta-cell population. However, despite the involvement of the alpha-cell in the aetiology and complications of T1D, little is known about the regulation of the pancreatic alpha-cell mass in this disease. The need for a better understanding of this process is further emphasized by recent findings suggesting that alpha-cells may constitute a potential reservoir for beta-cell regeneration. In this study, we characterized the pancreatic alpha-cell mass and its regulatory processes in the transgenic RIP-B7.1 mice model of experimental autoimmune diabetes (EAD). Diabetic mice presented insulitis, hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia along with lower pancreatic insulin content. While alpha-cell mass and pancreatic glucagon content were preserved at the early-onset of EAD, both parameters were reduced in the advanced phase. At both stages, alpha-cell size, proliferation and ductal neogenesis were up-regulated, whereas apoptosis was almost negligible. Interestingly, we found an increase in the proportion of glucagon-containing cells positive for insulin or the beta-cell transcription factor PDX1. Our findings suggest that pancreatic alpha-cell renewal mechanisms are boosted during the natural course of EAD, possibly as an attempt to maintain the alpha-cell population and/or to increase beta-cell regeneration via alpha-cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bru-Tari
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinaldo S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), IBMC, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Furuyama K, Chera S, van Gurp L, Oropeza D, Ghila L, Damond N, Vethe H, Paulo JA, Joosten AM, Berney T, Bosco D, Dorrell C, Grompe M, Ræder H, Roep BO, Thorel F, Herrera PL. Diabetes relief in mice by glucose-sensing insulin-secreting human α-cells. Nature 2019; 567:43-48. [PMID: 30760930 PMCID: PMC6624841 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell identity switches, where terminally-differentiated cells convert into different cell-types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insulin expressers upon ablation of insulin-secreting β-cells, promoting diabetes recovery. Whether human islets also display this plasticity, especially in diabetic conditions, remains unknown. Here we show that islet non-β-cells, namely α-cells and PPY-producing γ–cells, obtained from deceased non-diabetic or diabetic human donors, can be lineage-traced and reprogrammed by the transcription factors Pdx1 and MafA to produce and secrete insulin in response to glucose. When transplanted into diabetic mice, converted human α-cells reverse diabetes and remain producing insulin even after 6 months. Surprisingly, insulin-producing α-cells maintain α-cell markers, as seen by deep transcriptomic and proteomic characterization. These observations provide conceptual evidence and a molecular framework for a mechanistic understanding of in situ cell plasticity as a treatment for diabetes and other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Léon van Gurp
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicolas Damond
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antoinette M Joosten
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Diabetes Immunology, Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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