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Pirosa MC, Stathis A, Zucca E. Tafasitamab for the treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2309701. [PMID: 38299612 PMCID: PMC10841029 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) require additional treatments, especially those not eligible or not responding to high dose cytotoxic chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Over the last few years, several new treatments have been developed and approved for these patients, among them of particular relevance are those targeting CD19. Tafasitamab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD19, composed of a modified fragment crystallizable (Fc) region engineered with higher affinity for Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) receptors, leading to increased cytotoxicity through natural killer cells and macrophages (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis). In this product review, we will discuss its mechanism of action, safety profile and efficacy results from clinical trials that led to its approval in combination with lenalidomide for patients with R/R DLBCL ineligible for high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Pirosa
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, Universita’ della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anastasios Stathis
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, Universita’ della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Science, Universita’ della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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2
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Khopanlert W, Choochuen P, Maneechai K, Jangphattananont N, Ung S, Okuno S, Steinberger P, Leitner J, Sangkhathat S, Viboonjuntra P, Terakura S, Julamanee J. Co-stimulation of CD28/CD40 signaling molecule potentiates CAR-T cell efficacy and stemness. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200837. [PMID: 39050989 PMCID: PMC11268112 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CD19CAR-T) cells have achieved promising outcomes in relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies. However, recurrences occur due to the loss of CAR-T cell persistence. We developed dual T/B cell co-stimulatory molecules (CD28 and CD40) in CAR-T cells to enhance intense tumoricidal activity and persistence. CD19.28.40z CAR-T cells promoted pNF-κB and pRelB downstream signaling while diminishing NFAT signaling upon antigen exposure. CD19.28.40z CAR-T cells demonstrated greater proliferation, which translated into effective anti-tumor cytotoxicity in long-term co-culture assay. Repetitive weekly antigen stimulation unveiled continuous CAR-T cell expansion while preserving central memory T cell subset and lower expression of exhaustion phenotypes. The intrinsic genes underlying CD19.28.40z CAR-T cell responses were compared with conventional CARs and demonstrated the up-regulated genes associated with T cell proliferation and memory as well as down-regulated genes related to apoptosis, exhaustion, and glycolysis pathway. Enrichment of genes toward T cell stemness, particularly SELL, IL-7r, TCF7, and KLF2, was observed. Effective and continuing anti-tumor cytotoxicity in vivo was exhibited in both B cell lymphoblastic leukemia and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma xenograft models while demonstrating persistent T cell memory signatures. The functional enhancement of CD37.28.40z CAR-T cell activities against CD37+ tumor cells was further validated. The modification of dual T/B cell signaling molecules remarkably maximized the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannakorn Khopanlert
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Thailand Hub of Talents in Cancer Immunotherapy (TTCI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Choochuen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kajornkiat Maneechai
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Thailand Hub of Talents in Cancer Immunotherapy (TTCI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nawaphat Jangphattananont
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Socheatraksmey Ung
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Shingo Okuno
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division for Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division for Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Pongtep Viboonjuntra
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Seitaro Terakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Jakrawadee Julamanee
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Thailand Hub of Talents in Cancer Immunotherapy (TTCI), Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Wu X, Mi T, Jin L, Ren C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang Z, Guo P, He D. Tumoral EIF4EBP1 regulates the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells in MRTK. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176787. [PMID: 38944176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Malignant renal rhabdoid tumor (MRTK) is an aggressive and rare malignancy primarily affecting infants and young children. The intricate interactions within the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) are crucial in shaping MRTK's progression. This study elucidates the significance of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) within this milieu and their interplay with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) in tumor cells, collectively contributing to MRTK's malignant advancement. Through comprehensive analysis of clinical samples and the TARGET database, EIF4EBP1 emerges as a central macrophage-associated gene with robust prognostic implications. Elevated EIF4EBP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and heightened infiltration of TAMs. Functional validation demonstrates that EIF4EBP1 knockdown in G401 cells significantly attenuates self-proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, EIF4EBP1 regulates macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization through the ERK/P38 MAPK-MIF axis. Notably, M2 macrophages reciprocally foster the malignant behavior of MRTK tumor cells. This study unveils the pivotal role of EIF4EBP1 in propelling MRTK's malignant progression, unraveling a complex regulatory network involving EIF4EBP1 and TAMs. These findings underscore EIF4EBP1 as a promising biomarker and highlight its therapeutic potential in MRTK management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan, 650000, China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chunnian Ren
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China.
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4
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Oh BLZ, Shimasaki N, Coustan-Smith E, Chan E, Poon L, Lee SHR, Yeap F, Tan LK, Chai LYA, Le Bert N, Tan N, Bertoletti A, Chen SP, Del Bufalo F, Becilli M, Locatelli F, Yeoh AEJ, Campana D. Fratricide-resistant CD7-CAR T cells in T-ALL. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03228-8. [PMID: 39227445 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is difficult to treat when it relapses after therapy or is chemoresistant; the prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory T-ALL is generally poor. We report a case series of 17 such patients who received autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells expressing an anti-CD7 CAR and an anti-CD7 protein expression blocker (PEBL), which prevented CAR T cell fratricide. Despite high leukemic burden and low CAR T cell dosing, 16 of the 17 patients attained minimal residual disease-negative complete remission within 1 month. The remaining patient had CD7- T-ALL cells before infusion, which persisted after infusion. Toxicities were mild: cytokine release syndrome grade 1 in ten patients and grade 2 in three patients; immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome grade 1 in two patients. Eleven patients remained relapse-free (median follow-up, 15 months), including all nine patients who received an allotransplant. The first patient is in remission 55 months after infusion without further chemotherapy or transplantation; circulating CAR T cells were detectable for 2 years. T cells regenerating after lymphodepletion lacked CD7 expression, were polyclonal and responded to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; CD7+ immune cells reemerged concomitantly with CAR T cell disappearance. In conclusion, autologous anti-CD7 PEBL-CAR T cells have powerful antileukemic activity and are potentially an effective option for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice L Z Oh
- Viva-University Children's Cancer Center, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noriko Shimasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Coustan-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Chan
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Limei Poon
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shawn H R Lee
- Viva-University Children's Cancer Center, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frances Yeap
- Viva-University Children's Cancer Center, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lip Kun Tan
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Y A Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Le Bert
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Tan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Peng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Becilli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Allen E J Yeoh
- Viva-University Children's Cancer Center, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Dario Campana
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Capponi S, Wang S. AI in cellular engineering and reprogramming. Biophys J 2024; 123:2658-2670. [PMID: 38576162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been applied in biophysics and related fields, including cellular engineering and reprogramming, offering novel approaches to understand, manipulate, and control cellular function. The potential of AI lies in its ability to analyze complex datasets and generate predictive models. AI algorithms can process large amounts of data from single-cell genomics and multiomic technologies, allowing researchers to gain mechanistic insights into the control of cell identity and function. By integrating and interpreting these complex datasets, AI can help identify key molecular events and regulatory pathways involved in cellular reprogramming. This knowledge can inform the design of precision engineering strategies, such as the development of new transcription factor and signaling molecule cocktails, to manipulate cell identity and drive authentic cell fate across lineage boundaries. Furthermore, when used in combination with computational methods, AI can accelerate and improve the analysis and understanding of the intricate relationships between genes, proteins, and cellular processes. In this review article, we explore the current state of AI applications in biophysics with a specific focus on cellular engineering and reprogramming. Then, we showcase a couple of recent applications where we combined machine learning with experimental and computational techniques. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and prospects of AI in cellular engineering and reprogramming, emphasizing the potential of these technologies to revolutionize our ability to engineer cells for a variety of applications, from disease modeling and drug discovery to regenerative medicine and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Capponi
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California; Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, California.
| | - Shangying Wang
- Bay Area Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Redwood City, California.
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6
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Klampatsa A. Overcoming efficiency limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in antigen-heterogeneous solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-3. [PMID: 39210780 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2399141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, London, UK
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7
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Pecher AC, Hensen L, Lengerke C, Henes J. The Future of CAR T Therapeutics to Treat Autoimmune Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:593-600. [PMID: 39078456 PMCID: PMC11349844 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The concept of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy emerged from cancer immunotherapy and has been rapidly adapted and developed for the treatment of autoimmune, especially B-cell-driven, diseases since the first publication of an article featuring a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus in 2021. Phase II studies are about to start, but up to now, only case reports and small series have been published. In contrast to hemato-oncological diseases, where an aggressive response to malignant cells and long-lasting persistence of CAR T cells has been aimed at and observed in many patients, this is not the case with autoimmune diseases but might not be necessary to control disease. Future studies will focus on the optimal target but also on the optimal level of immunogenicity. The latter can be influenced by numerous modulations that affect not only cytokine release but also regulation. In addition, there are potential applications in regulatory cells such as CAR regulatory T cells (Treg). The question of toxicity reduction must also be addressed, as long-term complications such as the potential development of malignant diseases, infections, or cytopenia must be considered even more critically in the area of autoimmune diseases than is the case for patients with oncologic diseases. Alternative antibody-based therapies using the same target (e.g., CD3/CD19 bispecific targeting antibodies) have not been used in these patients and might also be considered in the future. In conclusion, CAR T cell therapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases, offering a targeted strategy to modulate immune responses and restore immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Pecher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Henes
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Jia G, Fu L, Wang L, Yao D, Cui Y. Bayesian network analysis of risk classification strategies in the regulation of cellular products. Artif Intell Med 2024; 155:102937. [PMID: 39137589 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cell therapy, a burgeoning therapeutic strategy, necessitates a scientific regulatory framework but faces challenges in risk-based regulation due to the lack of a global consensus on risk classification. This study applies Bayesian network analysis to compare and evaluate the risk classification strategies for cellular products proposed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), and World Health Organization (WHO), using real-world data to validate the models. The appropriateness of key risk factors is assessed within the three regulatory frameworks, along with their implications for clinical safety. The results indicate several directions for refining risk classification approaches. Additionally, a substudy focuses on a specific type of cell and gene therapy (CGT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. It underscores the importance of considering CAR targets, tumor types, and costimulatory domains when assessing the safety risks of CAR T cell products. Overall, there is currently a lack of a regulatory framework based on real-world data for cellular products and a lack of risk-based classification review methods. This study aims to improve the regulatory system for cellular products, emphasizing risk-based classification. Furthermore, the study advocates for leveraging machine learning in regulatory science to enhance the assessment of cellular product safety, illustrating the role of Bayesian networks in aiding regulatory decision-making for the risk classification of cellular products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshu Jia
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lixia Fu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongning Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lee CS, Chen S, Berry CT, Kelly AR, Herman PJ, Oh S, O'Connor RS, Payne AS, Ellebrecht CT. Fate induction in CD8 CAR T cells through asymmetric cell division. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07862-7. [PMID: 39198645 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Early expansion and long-term persistence predict efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs)1-7, but mechanisms governing effector versus memory CART differentiation and whether asymmetric cell division induces differential fates in human CARTs remain unclear. Here we show that target-induced proximity labelling enables isolation of first-division proximal-daughter and distal-daughter CD8 CARTs that asymmetrically distribute their surface proteome and transcriptome, resulting in divergent fates. Target-engaged CARs remain on proximal daughters, which inherit a surface proteome resembling activated-undivided CARTs, whereas the endogenous T cell receptor and CD8 enrich on distal daughters, whose surface proteome resembles resting CARTs, correlating with glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, respectively. Despite memory-precursor phenotype and in vivo longevity, distal daughters demonstrate transient potent cytolytic activity similar to proximal daughters, uncovering an effector-like state in distal daughters destined to become memory CARTs. Both partitioning of pre-existing transcripts and changes in RNA velocity contribute to asymmetry of fate-determining factors, resulting in diametrically opposed transcriptional trajectories. Independent of naive, memory or effector surface immunophenotype, proximal-daughter CARTs use core sets of transcription factors known to support proliferation and effector function. Conversely, transcription factors enriched in distal daughters restrain differentiation and promote longevity, evidenced by diminished long-term in vivo persistence and function of distal-daughter CARTs after IKZF1 disruption. These studies establish asymmetric cell division as a framework for understanding mechanisms of CART differentiation and improving therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey S Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corbett T Berry
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andre R Kelly
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Herman
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangwook Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christoph T Ellebrecht
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Schamel WW, Zinchenko M, Nguyen T, Fehse B, Briquez PS, Minguet S. The potential of γδ CAR and TRuC T cells: An unearthed treasure. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451074. [PMID: 39192467 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the success of αβ T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in treating haematological cancers. CARs combine the tumour antigen binding capability of antibodies with the signalling functions of the T-cell receptor (TCR) ζ chain and co-stimulatory receptors. Despite the success, αβ CAR T cells face limitations. Possible solutions would be the use of γδ T cells and new chimeric receptors, such as TCR fusion constructs (TRuCs). Notably, γδ CAR T cells are gaining traction in pre-clinical and clinical studies, demonstrating a promising safety profile in several pilot studies. This review delves into the current understanding of γδ CAR and TCR fusion construct T cells, exploring the opportunities and challenges they present for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang W Schamel
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, University Clinics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Zinchenko
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, and Hamburg Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, University Clinics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Chang PS, Chen YC, Hua WK, Hsu JC, Tsai JC, Huang YW, Kao YH, Wu PH, Wang PN, Chang YF, Chang MC, Chang YC, Jian SL, Lai JS, Lai MT, Yang WC, Shen CN, Wen KLK, Wu SCY. Manufacturing CD20/CD19-targeted iCasp9 regulatable CAR-TSCM cells using a Quantum pBac-based CAR-T engineering system. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309245. [PMID: 39190688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have driven a paradigm shift in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. However, >50% of CD19-CAR-T-treated patients experience progressive disease mainly due to antigen escape and low persistence. Clinical prognosis is heavily influenced by CAR-T cell function and systemic cytokine toxicities. Furthermore, it remains a challenge to efficiently, cost-effectively, and consistently manufacture clinically relevant numbers of virally engineered CAR-T cells. Using a highly efficient piggyBac transposon-based vector, Quantum pBac™ (qPB), we developed a virus-free cell-engineering system for development and production of multiplex CAR-T therapies. Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that consistent, robust and functional CD20/CD19 dual-targeted CAR-T stem cell memory (CAR-TSCM) cells can be efficiently produced for clinical application using qPB™. In particular, we showed that qPB™-manufactured CAR-T cells from cancer patients expanded efficiently, rapidly eradicated tumors, and can be safely controlled via an iCasp9 suicide gene-inducing drug. Therefore, the simplicity of manufacturing multiplex CAR-T cells using the qPB™ system has the potential to improve efficacy and broaden the accessibility of CAR-T therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Chang
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei-Kai Hua
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jeff C Hsu
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jui-Cheng Tsai
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Wun Huang
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Hsin Kao
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Hua Wu
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Po-Nan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Linkou Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Chih Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Kuo-Lan Karen Wen
- GenomeFrontier Therapeutics TW Co., Ltd., Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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12
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Sierro-Martínez B, Escamilla-Gómez V, Pérez-Ortega L, Guijarro-Albaladejo B, Hernández-Díaz P, de la Rosa-Garrido M, Lara-Chica M, Rodríguez-Gil A, Reguera-Ortega JL, Sanoja-Flores L, Arribas-Arribas B, Montiel-Aguilera MÁ, Carmona G, Robles MJ, Caballero-Velázquez T, Briones J, Einsele H, Hudecek M, Pérez-Simón JA, García-Guerrero E. Next-generation BCMA-targeted chimeric antigen receptor CARTemis-1: the impact of manufacturing procedure on CAR T-cell features. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00984-0. [PMID: 39192092 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CAR therapy targeting BCMA is under investigation as treatment for multiple myeloma. However, given the lack of plateau in most studies, pursuing more effective alternatives is imperative. We present the preclinical and clinical validation of a new optimized anti-BCMA CAR (CARTemis-1). In addition, we explored how the manufacturing process could impact CAR-T cell product quality and fitness. METHODS CARTemis-1 optimizations were evaluated at the preclinical level both, in vitro and in vivo. CARTemis-1 generation was validated under GMP conditions, studying the dynamics of the immunophenotype from leukapheresis to final product. Here, we studied the impact of the manufacturing process on CAR-T cells to define optimal cell culture protocol and expansion time to increase product fitness. RESULTS Two different versions of CARTemis-1 with different spacers were compared. The longer version showed increased cytotoxicity. The incorporation of the safety-gene EGFRt into the CARTemis-1 structure can be used as a monitoring marker. CARTemis-1 showed no inhibition by soluble BCMA and presents potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Expansion with IL-2 or IL-7/IL-15 was compared, revealing greater proliferation, less differentiation, and less exhaustion with IL-7/IL-15. Three consecutive batches of CARTemis-1 were produced under GMP guidelines meeting all the required specifications. CARTemis-1 cells manufactured under GMP conditions showed increased memory subpopulations, reduced exhaustion markers and selective antitumor efficacy against MM cell lines and primary myeloma cells. The optimal release time points for obtaining the best fit product were > 6 and < 10 days (days 8-10). CONCLUSIONS CARTemis-1 has been rationally designed to increase antitumor efficacy, overcome sBCMA inhibition, and incorporate the expression of a safety-gene. The generation of CARTemis-1 was successfully validated under GMP standards. A phase I/II clinical trial for patients with multiple myeloma will be conducted (EuCT number 2022-503063-15-00).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sierro-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Virginia Escamilla-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Guijarro-Albaladejo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paola Hernández-Díaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María de la Rosa-Garrido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maribel Lara-Chica
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Rodríguez-Gil
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Reguera-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luzalba Sanoja-Flores
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Blanca Arribas-Arribas
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC)-Planta CTTC Campus Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Red Andaluza de diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Seville, Spain
- Programa doctorado Tecnología y Ciencias del Medicamento, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Montiel-Aguilera
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC)-Planta CTTC Campus Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Red Andaluza de diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Seville, Spain
| | - Gloria Carmona
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular de Sevilla (UPRC)-Planta CTTC Campus Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Red Andaluza de diseño y traslación de Terapias Avanzadas, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Robles
- Unidad de Patología Comparada, Biobanco Virgen del Rocío-IBiS, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Teresa Caballero-Velázquez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Briones
- Servicio de Hematología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II and Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II and Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jose Antonio Pérez-Simón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Estefanía García-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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13
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Ding M, Lin J, Qin C, Fu Y, Du Y, Qiu X, Wei P, Xu T. Novel CAR-T Cells Specifically Targeting SIA-CIgG Demonstrate Effective Antitumor Efficacy in Bladder Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400156. [PMID: 39178136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment method. However, its application in bladder cancer (BC) remains limited, partially because of the absence of appropriate target molecules. Sialylated cancer-derived IgG (SIA-CIgG) is highly expressed in BC and is closely associated with malignant biological behavior. However, its potential as a target for CAR-T cell therapy to treat BC is yet to be established. Here, it is found that SIA-CIgG is highly expressed in most BC samples but displayed limited expression in normal tissues. CAR-T cells specifically targeting SIA-CIgG can effectively lyse BC cells and the cytotoxicity depends on SIA-CIgG expression. Furthermore, SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells demonstrate milder tumor cell lysis and enhanced persistence compared with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) CAR-T cells, which have undergone extensive clinical trials. After repeated tumor antigen challenges, SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells display substantial alterations in both the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility. When combining SIA-CIgG CAR-T cell therapy with FDA-approved drugs to treat BC, the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), vorinostat, is found to enhance the ablility of CAR-T cells for tumor cell lysis. Therefore, the combination of SIA-CIgG CAR-T cells and vorinostat is promising for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ding
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jiaxing Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
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14
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Chen D, Li S, Yang Y, Liu D, Yang C, Guo H, Bai X, Zhang L, Zhang R, Tian W. Development of bioassay platforms for biopharmaceuticals using Jurkat-CAR cells by AICD. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 251:116431. [PMID: 39197208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of bioactivity for therapeutic antibody release assay poses challenges, particularly when targeting immune checkpoints. An in vitro bioassay platform was developed using the chimeric antigen receptor on Jurkat cells (Jurkat-CAR) to analyze antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as CD47/SIRPα, VEGF/VEGFR1, PD-1/PD-L1, and CD70/CD27. For CD47/SIRPα, the platform involved a Jurkat-CAR cell line expressing the chimeric SIRPα receptor (CarSIRPα). CarSIRPα was created by sequentially fusing the SIRPα extracellular region with the CD8α hinge region, the transmembrane (TM) and intracellular (IC) domains of CD28, and the intracellular signaling domain of CD3ζ. The resulting Jurkat-CarSIRPα cells can undergo "activation-induced cell death (AICD)" upon incubation with purified or cellular CD47, as evidenced by the upregulation of CD69, IL-2, and IFN-γ. Similar results also appeared in Jurkat CarVEGFR1, Jurkat CarPD1 and Jurkat CARCD27 cells. These cells are perfectly utilized for the bioactivity analysis of therapeutic antibody. Our study indicates that the established in vitro assay platform based on Jurkat-CAR has been confirmed repeatedly and has shown robust reproducibility; thus, this platform can be used for screening or for release assays of given antibody drugs targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianze Chen
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Bai
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of CMC, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ruliang Zhang
- Department of CMC, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Tian
- Department of R&D, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China; Department of CMC, ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc., Shanghai 201203, China.
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15
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Chada NC, Wilson JT. Jump-starting chimeric antigen receptor-T cells to go the extra mile with nanotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 89:103179. [PMID: 39168033 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite success in treating hematologic malignancies, chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy still faces multiple challenges that have halted progress, especially against solid tumors. Recent advances in nanoscale engineeirng provide several avenues for overcoming these challenges, including more efficienct programming of CAR-Ts ex vivo, promoting immune responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo, and boosting CAR-T function in situ. Here, we summarize recent innovations that leverage nanotechnology to directly address the major obstacles that impede CAR-T therapy from reaching its full potential across various cancer types. We conclude with a commentary on the state of the field and how nanotechnology can shape the future of CAR-T and adoptive cell therapy in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Chada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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16
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Oslund RC, Holland PM, Lesley SA, Fadeyi OO. Therapeutic potential of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1473-1489. [PMID: 39111317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The growing clinical success of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) has led to rapid interest in leveraging dual targeting in order to generate novel modes of therapeutic action beyond mono-targeting approaches. While bsAbs that bind targets on two different cells (trans-targeting) are showing promise in the clinic, the co-targeting of two proteins on the same cell surface through cis-targeting bsAbs (cis-bsAbs) is an emerging strategy to elicit new functionalities. This includes the ability to induce proximity, enhance binding to a target, increase target/cell selectivity, and/or co-modulate function on the cell surface with the goal of altering, reversing, or eradicating abnormal cellular activity that contributes to disease. In this review, we focus on the impact of cis-bsAbs in the clinic, their emerging applications, and untangle the intricacies of improving bsAb discovery and development.
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17
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Li YR, Lyu Z, Chen Y, Fang Y, Yang L. Frontiers in CAR-T cell therapy for autoimmune diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024:S0165-6147(24)00147-0. [PMID: 39147651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated significant success in treating cancers. The potential of CAR-T cells is now being explored in the context of autoimmune diseases. Recent clinical trials have shown sustained and profound elimination of autoreactive B cells by CAR-T cells, leading to promising autoimmune disease control with minimal safety concerns. These encouraging results have inspired further investigation into CAR-T cell applications for a broader range of autoimmune diseases and the development of advanced cell products with improved efficacy and safety. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which CAR-T cells target autoimmune conditions, summarize current preclinical models, and highlight ongoing clinical trials, including CAR-T therapy design, clinical outcomes, and challenges. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future directions of CAR-T therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Zibai Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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18
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Jing J, Ma Y, Xie Z, Wang B, Chen Y, Chi E, Wang J, Zhang K, Wang Z, Li S. Acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia: chimeric antigen receptor technology may offer a new hope. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1410519. [PMID: 39192970 PMCID: PMC11347323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent malignancy affecting the hematopoietic system, encompassing both B-cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL). T-ALL, characterized by the proliferation of T-cell progenitors in the bone marrow, presents significant treatment challenges, with patients often experiencing high relapse rates and poor long-term survival despite advances in chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This review explores the pathogenesis and traditional treatment strategies of T-ALL, emphasizing the promising potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology in overcoming current therapeutic limitations. CAR therapy, leveraging genetically modified immune cells to target leukemia-specific antigens, offers a novel and precise approach to T-ALL treatment. The review critically analyzes recent developments in CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies, their common targets, optimization strategies, clinical outcomes, and the associated challenges, providing a comprehensive overview of their clinical prospects in T-ALL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Jing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enjie Chi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou City University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Niebora J, Woźniak S, Domagała D, Data K, Farzaneh M, Zehtabi M, Dari MAG, Pour FK, Bryja A, Kulus M, Mozdziak P, Dzięgiel P, Kempisty B. The role of ncRNAs and exosomes in the development and progression of endometrial cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1418005. [PMID: 39188680 PMCID: PMC11345653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1418005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecologic cancers. In recent years, research has focused on the genetic characteristics of the tumors to detail their prognosis and tailor therapy. In the case of EC, genetic mutations have been shown to underlie their formation. It is very important to know the mechanisms of EC formation related to mutations induced by estrogen, among other things. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), composed of nucleotide transcripts with very low protein-coding capacity, are proving to be important. Their expression patterns in many malignancies can inhibit tumor formation and progression. They also regulate protein coding at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), several varieties of which are associated with normal endometrium as well as its tumor, also play a particularly important role in gene expression. MiRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect many pathways in EC tissues and play important roles in cancer development, invasion, and metastasis, as well as resistance to anticancer drugs through mechanisms such as suppression of apoptosis and progression of cancer stem cells. It is also worth noting that miRNAs are highly precise, sensitive, and robust, making them potential markers for diagnosing gynecologic cancers and their progression. Unfortunately, as the incidence of EC increases, treatment becomes challenging and is limited to invasive tools. The prospect of using microRNAs as potential candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic use in EC seems promising. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from many types of cells, including cancer cells. They contain proteins, DNA, and various types of RNA, such as miRNAs. The noncoding RNA components of exosomes vary widely, depending on the physiology of the tumor tissue and the cells from which they originate. Exosomes contain both DNA and RNA and have communication functions between cells. Exosomal miRNAs mediate communication between EC cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and tumor microenvironment formation. Oncogenes carried by tumor exosomes induce malignant transformation of target cells. During the synthesis of exosomes, various factors, such as genetic and proteomic data are upregulated. Thus, they are considered an interesting therapeutic target for the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial cancer by analyzing biomarkers contained in exosomes. Expression of miRNAs, particularly miR-15a-5p, was elevated in exosomes derived from the plasma of EC patients. This may suggest the important utility of this biomarker in the diagnosis of EC. In recent years, researchers have become interested in the topic of prognostic markers for EC, as there are still too few identified markers to support the limited treatment of endometrial cancer. Further research into the effects of ncRNAs and exosomes on EC may allow for cancer treatment breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Niebora
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Woźniak
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Domagała
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zehtabi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Abouali Gale Dari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khojasteh Pour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Artur Bryja
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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20
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Nunoya JI, Imuta N, Masuda M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Bearing Herpes Virus Entry Mediator Co-Stimulatory Signal Domain Exhibits Exhaustion-Resistant Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8662. [PMID: 39201348 PMCID: PMC11354286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Improving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapeutic outcomes and expanding its applicability to solid tumors requires further refinement of CAR-T cells. We previously reported that CAR-T cells bearing a herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)-derived co-stimulatory signal domain (CSSD) (HVEM-CAR-T cells) exhibit superior functions and characteristics. Here, we conducted comparative analyses to evaluate the impact of different CSSDs on CAR-T cell exhaustion. The results indicated that HVEM-CAR-T cells had significantly lower frequencies of exhausted cells and exhibited the highest proliferation rates upon antigenic stimulation. Furthermore, proliferation inhibition by programmed cell death ligand 1 was stronger in CAR-T cells bearing CD28-derived CSSD (CD28-CAR-T cells) whereas it was weaker in HVEM-CAR-T. Additionally, HVEM-CAR-T cells maintained a low exhaustion level even after antigen-dependent proliferation and exhibited potent killing activities, suggesting that HVEM-CAR-T cells might be less prone to early exhaustion. Analysis of CAR localization on the cell surface revealed that CAR formed clusters in CD28-CAR-T cells whereas uniformly distributed in HVEM-CAR-T cells. Analysis of CD3ζ phosphorylation indicated that CAR-dependent tonic signals were strongly sustained in CD28-CAR-T cells whereas they were significantly weaker in HVEM-CAR-T cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the HVEM-derived CSSD is useful for generating CAR-T cells with exhaustion-resistant properties, which could be effective against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Nunoya
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan (M.M.)
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21
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Hamadeh IS, Friend R, Mailankody S, Atrash S. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells: a review on current status and future directions for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1455464. [PMID: 39175472 PMCID: PMC11338754 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1455464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma is an incurable disease, the past decade has witnessed significant improvement in patient outcomes. This was brought about by the development of T-cell redirection therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, which can leverage the natural ability of the immune system to fight myeloma cells. The approval of the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR T, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Overall response rates ranging from 73 to 97% are currently achievable. However, the limitations of KarMMa-1 and CARTITUDE-1 studies spurred the generation of real-world data to provide some insights into the effectiveness of ide-cel and cilta-cel among patients who were excluded from clinical trials, particularly those who received prior BCMA-targeted or other T-cell redirection therapies. Despite their unprecedented clinical efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, responses to CAR T remain non-durable. Although the underlying mechanisms of resistance to these agents haven't been fully elucidated, studies have suggested that resistance patterns could be multifaceted, implicating T-cell exhaustion and tumor intrinsic mechanisms such as BCMA target loss, upregulation of gamma-secretase, and others. Herein, we provide a succinct overview of the development of CAR T-cells, manufacturing process, and associated toxicities/complications. In this review, we also recapitulate the existing literature pertaining MM CAR-T as well as emerging data from some of the ongoing clinical trials designed to mitigate the shortcomings of these agents, and improve the clinical efficacy of CAR T, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam S. Hamadeh
- Clinical Pharmacy Services, Pharmacy Department, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Reed Friend
- Plasma Cell Disorders Division, Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shebli Atrash
- Plasma Cell Disorders Division, Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States
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22
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Ma L, Zhang K, Xu J, Wang J, Jiang T, Du X, Zhang J, Huang J, Ren F, Liu D, Xue W, Kan D, Yao M, Liang Y, Jason-Sun H. Building a novel TRUCK by harnessing the endogenous IFN-gamma promoter for cytokine expression. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2728-2740. [PMID: 38879754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy in hematological malignancies, its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited. Cytokine-engineered CAR T cells offer a promising avenue, yet their clinical translation is hindered by the risks associated with constitutive cytokine expression. In this proof-of-concept study, we leverage the endogenous interferon (IFN)-γ promoter for transgenic interleukin (IL)-15 expression. We demonstrate that IFN-γ expression is tightly regulated by T cell receptor signaling. By introducing an internal ribosome entry site IL15 into the 3' UTR of the IFN-γ gene via homology directed repair-mediated knock-in, we confirm that IL-15 expression can co-express with IFN-γ in an antigen stimulation-dependent manner. Importantly, the insertion of transgenes does not compromise endogenous IFN-γ expression. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that IL-15 driven by the IFN-γ promoter dramatically improves CAR T cells' antitumor activity, suggesting the effectiveness of IL-15 expression. Last, as a part of our efforts toward clinical translation, we have developed an innovative two-gene knock-in approach. This approach enables the simultaneous integration of CAR and IL-15 genes into TRAC and IFN-γ gene loci using a single AAV vector. CAR T cells engineered to express IL-15 using this approach demonstrate enhanced antitumor efficacy. Overall, our study underscores the feasibility of utilizing endogenous promoters for transgenic cytokines expression in CAR T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Humans
- Animals
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Transgenes
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gene Expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ma
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolong Du
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyi Ren
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxu Kan
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengjiao Yao
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yutian Liang
- Shenzhen Celconta Life Science Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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23
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Rehman M, Qaiser A, Khan HS, Manzoor S, Ashraf J. Enhancing CAR T cells function: role of immunomodulators in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 39105978 PMCID: PMC11303469 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
CAR T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapy, providing successful results for cancer patients who are unresponsive to standard and traditional therapeutic approaches. However, there are limiting factors which create a hurdle in the therapy performing its role optimally. CAR T cells get exhausted, produce active antitumor responses, and might even produce toxic reactions. Specifically, in the case of solid tumors, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells fail to produce the desired outcomes. Then, the need to use supplementary agents such as immune system modifying immunomodulatory agents comes into play. A series of the literature was studied to evaluate the role of immunomodulators including a phytochemical, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved targeted drugs, and ILs in support of their achievements in boosting the efficiency of CAR-T cell therapy. Some of the most promising out of them are reported in this article. It is expected that by using the right combinations of immunotherapy, immunomodulators, and traditional cancer treatments, the best possible cancer defying results may be produced in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Rehman
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ariba Qaiser
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Sardar Khan
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Molecular Virology Lab, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Ashraf
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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24
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Li J, Chen P, Ma W. The next frontier in immunotherapy: potential and challenges of CAR-macrophages. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 39103972 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-MΦ) represents a significant advancement in immunotherapy, especially for treating solid tumors where traditional CAR-T therapies face limitations. CAR-MΦ offers a promising approach to target and eradicate tumor cells by utilizing macrophages' phagocytic and antigen-presenting abilities. However, challenges such as the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), variability in antigen expression, and immune suppression limit their efficacy. This review addresses these issues, exploring mechanisms of CAR-MΦ action, optimal construct designs, and interactions within the TME. It also delves into the ex vivo manufacturing challenges of CAR-MΦ, discussing autologous and allogeneic sources and the importance of stringent quality control. The potential synergies of integrating CAR-MΦ with existing cancer therapies like checkpoint inhibitors and conventional chemotherapeutics are examined to highlight possible enhanced treatment outcomes. Furthermore, regulatory pathways for CAR-MΦ therapies are scrutinized alongside established protocols for CAR-T cells, identifying unique considerations essential for clinical trials and market approval. Proposed safety monitoring frameworks aim to manage potential adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome, crucial for patient safety. Consolidating current research and clinical insights, this review seeks to refine CAR-MΦ therapeutic applications, overcome barriers, and suggest future research directions to transition CAR-MΦ therapies from experimental platforms to standard cancer care options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Sanford Stem Cell Institute, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA, 92093, La Jolla, USA.
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25
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Srivastava S, Singh S, Singh A. Augmenting the landscape of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:755-773. [PMID: 38912754 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2372330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inception of recombinant DNA technology and live cell genomic alteration have paved the path for the excellence of cell and gene therapies and often provided the first curative treatment for many indications. The approval of the first Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy was one of the breakthrough innovations that became the headline in 2017. Currently, the therapy is primarily restricted to a few nations, and the market is growing at a CAGR (current annual growth rate) of 11.6% (2022-2032), as opposed to the established bio-therapeutic market at a CAGR of 15.9% (2023-2030). The limited technology democratization is attributed to its autologous nature, lack of awareness, therapy inclusion criteria, high infrastructure cost, trained personnel, complex manufacturing processes, regulatory challenges, recurrence of the disease, and long-term follow-ups. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the vision and strategies focusing on the CAR T-cell therapy democratization with mitigation plans. Further, it also covers the strategies to leverage the mRNA-based CAR T platform for building an ecosystem to ensure availability, accessibility, and affordability to the community. EXPERT OPINION mRNA-guided CAR T cell therapy is a rapidly growing area wherein a collaborative approach among the stakeholders is needed for its success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Singh
- mRNA Department, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. ITBT Park, Pune, India
| | - Ajay Singh
- mRNA Department, Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. ITBT Park, Pune, India
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26
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Ventin M, Cattaneo G, Arya S, Jia J, Gelmi MC, Sun Y, Maggs L, Ksander BR, Verdijk RM, Boland GM, Jenkins RW, Haq R, Jager MJ, Wang X, Ryeom S, Ferrone CR. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell with an Inducible Caspase-9 Suicide Gene Eradicates Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases via B7-H3 Targeting. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3243-3258. [PMID: 38767611 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor. Despite successful treatment of the primary tumor, about 50% of patients will recur with systemic diseases for which there are no effective treatment strategies. Here we investigated the preclinical efficacy of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based immunotherapy targeting B7-H3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN B7-H3 expression on primary and metastatic human UM samples and cell lines was assessed by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Antitumor activity of CAR T cells targeting B7-H3 was tested in vitro with UM cell lines, patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids from patients with metastatic UM, and in immunodeficient and humanized murine models. RESULTS B7-H3 is expressed at high levels in >95% UM tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. We generated a B7-H3 CAR with an inducible caspase-9 (iCas9) suicide gene controlled by the chemical inducer of dimerization AP1903, which effectively kills UM cells in vitro and eradicates UM liver metastases in murine models. Delivery of iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells in experimental models of UM liver metastases demonstrates a durable antitumor response, even upon tumor rechallenge or in the presence of a significant metastatic disease burden. We demonstrate effective iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T-cell elimination in vitro and in vivo in response to AP1903. Our studies demonstrate more effective tumor suppression with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells as compared to a B7-H3-targeted humanized monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS These studies support a phase I clinical trial with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells to treat patients with metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giulia Cattaneo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shahrzad Arya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingyu Jia
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria C Gelmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke Maggs
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophtalmic Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Genevieve M Boland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russell W Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Surgery, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Cristina R Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal and Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Bui TA, Mei H, Sang R, Ortega DG, Deng W. Advancements and challenges in developing in vivo CAR T cell therapies for cancer treatment. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105266. [PMID: 39094262 PMCID: PMC11345408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a ground-breaking immunotherapeutic approach in cancer treatment. To overcome the complexity and high manufacturing cost associated with current ex vivo CAR T cell therapy products, alternative strategies to produce CAR T cells directly in the body have been developed in recent years. These strategies involve the direct infusion of CAR genes via engineered nanocarriers or viral vectors to generate CAR T cells in situ. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the development of T cell-targeted CAR generation in situ. Additionally, it identifies the challenges associated with in vivo CAR T method and potential strategies to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Anh Bui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Haoqi Mei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rui Sang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Gallego Ortega
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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28
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Polak R, Zhang ET, Kuo CJ. Cancer organoids 2.0: modelling the complexity of the tumour immune microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:523-539. [PMID: 38977835 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of neoplasia involves a complex and continuous interplay between malignantly transformed cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer immunotherapies targeting the immune TME have been increasingly validated in clinical trials but response rates vary substantially between tumour histologies and are often transient, idiosyncratic and confounded by resistance. Faithful experimental models of the patient-specific tumour immune microenvironment, capable of recapitulating tumour biology and immunotherapy effects, would greatly improve patient selection, target identification and definition of resistance mechanisms for immuno-oncology therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss currently available and rapidly evolving 3D tumour organoid models that capture important immune features of the TME. We highlight diverse opportunities for organoid-based investigations of tumour immunity, drug development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Polak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa T Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Nipper AJ, Warren EAK, Liao KS, Liu HC, Michikawa C, Porter CE, Wells GA, Villanueva M, Brasil da Costa FH, Veeramachaneni R, Villanueva H, Suzuki M, Sikora AG. Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Platform for Assessing the In Vivo Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Solid Tumors. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:598-605. [PMID: 39225630 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The fertilized chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a highly vascularized membrane nourishing the developing embryo, also supports rapid growth of three-dimensional vascularized tumors from engrafted cells and tumor explants. Because murine xenograft models suffer limitations of time, cost, and scalability, we propose CAM tumors as a rapid, efficient screening tool for assessing anti-tumor efficacy of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. We tested the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific CAR T cells against luminescent, HER2-expressing (FaDu, SCC-47) or HER2-negative (MDA-MB-468) CAM-engrafted tumors. Three days after tumor engraftment, HER2-specific CAR T cells were applied to tumors grown on the CAM. Four days post-CAR T cell treatment, HER2-expressing FaDu and SCC-47 tumors treated with CAR T showed reduced viable cancer cells as assessed by luciferase activity. This reduction in viable tumor cells was confirmed by histology, with lower Ki-67 staining observed in CAR T cell-treated tumors relative to T cell-treated controls. Persistence of CAR T in CAM and tumor tissue 4 days post-treatment was confirmed by CD3 staining. Altogether, our findings support further development of the chick CAM as an in vivo system for rapid, scalable screening of CAR T cell efficacy against human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Nipper
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Emilie A K Warren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kershena S Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Chieko Michikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Caroline E Porter
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mariana Villanueva
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ratna Veeramachaneni
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hugo Villanueva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wei F, Liu H, Wang Y, Li Y, Han S. Engineering macrophages and their derivatives: A new hope for antitumor therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116925. [PMID: 38878637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central to the immune system and are found in nearly all tissues. Recently, the development of therapies based on macrophages has attracted significant interest. These therapies utilize macrophages' key roles in immunity, their ability to navigate biological barriers, and their tendency to accumulate in tumors. This review explores the advancement of macrophage-based treatments. We discuss the bioengineering of macrophages for improved anti-tumor effects, the use of CAR macrophage therapy for targeting cancer cells, and macrophages as vehicles for therapeutic delivery. Additionally, we examine engineered macrophage products, like extracellular vesicles and membrane-coated nanoparticles, for their potential in precise and less toxic tumor therapy. Challenges in moving these therapies from research to clinical practice are also highlighted. The aim is to succinctly summarize the current status, challenges, and future directions of engineered macrophages in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of General surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of General surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Anesthesia Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032, China.
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110032, China.
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31
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Gu M, Carvalho EJ, Read KA, Nardo DP, Riley JL. Rab5 Overcomes CAR T Cell Dysfunction Induced by Tumor-Mediated CAR Capture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605334. [PMID: 39211164 PMCID: PMC11361039 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Continuous interaction between chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CART) and tumors often result in CART dysfunction and tumor escape. We observed that tumors can take up CAR molecules, leaving CARTs without surface-expressed CARs and thus unable to kill tumors after prolonged exposure. Overexpression of Rab5 resulted in augmented clathrin-independent endocytosis, preventing loss of surface-expressed CARs, and enhanced CART activity. Interestingly, we observed membrane protrusions on the CART cell surface which disappeared after multiple tumor challenges. Rab5 maintained these protrusions after repeated tumor engagements and their presence correlated with effective tumor clearance, suggesting a link between endocytosis, membrane protrusions, and cytolytic activity. In vivo , Rab5-expressing CARTs demonstrated improved activity and were able to clear an otherwise refractory mesothelin-expressing solid cancer in humanized mice by maintaining CAR surface expression within the tumor. Thus, pairing Rab5 with CAR expression could improve the clinical efficacy of CART therapy. Highlights "CAR-jacking" occurs when surface CAR is internalized by target tumor cells.Rab5 overexpression prevents "CAR-jacking" and enhances CART function.Rab5 promotes CAR endocytic recycling and maintains membrane protrusions.Rab5-expressing CARTs exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors.
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32
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Tian M, Wei JS, Cheuk ATC, Milewski D, Zhang Z, Kim YY, Chou HC, Liu C, Badr S, Pope EG, Rahmy A, Wu JT, Kelly MC, Wen X, Khan J. CAR T-cells targeting FGFR4 and CD276 simultaneously show potent antitumor effect against childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6222. [PMID: 39043633 PMCID: PMC11266617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4), a highly expressed surface tyrosine receptor in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), are already in the clinical phase of development, but tumour heterogeneity and suboptimal activation might hamper their potency. Here we report an optimization strategy of the co-stimulatory and targeting properties of a FGFR4 CAR. We replace the CD8 hinge and transmembrane domain and the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain with those of CD28. The resulting CARs display enhanced anti-tumor activity in several RMS xenograft models except for an aggressive tumour cell line, RMS559. By searching for a direct target of the RMS core-regulatory transcription factor MYOD1, we identify another surface protein, CD276, as a potential target. Bicistronic CARs (BiCisCAR) targeting both FGFR4 and CD276, containing two distinct co-stimulatory domains, have superior prolonged persistent and invigorated anti-tumor activities compared to the optimized FGFR4-specific CAR and the other BiCisCAR with the same 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain. Our study thus lays down the proof-of-principle for a CAR T-cell therapy targeting both FGFR4 and CD276 in RMS.
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MESH Headings
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/immunology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics
- Humans
- Animals
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- B7 Antigens/metabolism
- B7 Antigens/immunology
- B7 Antigens/genetics
- MyoD Protein/metabolism
- MyoD Protein/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Child
- Female
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Inbred NOD
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Tian
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam Tai-Chi Cheuk
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Milewski
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhongmei Zhang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong Yean Kim
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hsien-Chao Chou
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sherif Badr
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eleanor G Pope
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Rahmy
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jerry T Wu
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Nguyen NTT, Müller R, Briukhovetska D, Weber J, Feucht J, Künkele A, Hudecek M, Kobold S. The Spectrum of CAR Cellular Effectors: Modes of Action in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2608. [PMID: 39061247 PMCID: PMC11274444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells have spearheaded the field of adoptive cell therapy and have shown remarkable results in treating hematological neoplasia. Because of the different biology of solid tumors compared to hematological tumors, response rates of CAR-T cells could not be transferred to solid entities yet. CAR engineering has added co-stimulatory domains, transgenic cytokines and switch receptors to improve performance and persistence in a hostile tumor microenvironment, but because of the inherent cell type limitations of CAR-T cells, including HLA incompatibility, toxicities (cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity) and high costs due to the logistically challenging preparation process for autologous cells, the use of alternative immune cells is gaining traction. NK cells and γδ T cells that do not need HLA compatibility or macrophages and dendritic cells with additional properties such as phagocytosis or antigen presentation are increasingly seen as cellular vehicles with potential for application. As these cells possess distinct properties, clinicians and researchers need a thorough understanding of their peculiarities and commonalities. This review will compare these different cell types and their specific modes of action seen upon CAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Thu Nguyen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rasmus Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Judith Feucht
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Cellular Immunotherapy Branch Site Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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WU D, LI C, WANG Y, HE Z, JIN C, GUO M, CHEN R, ZHOU C. [Antitumor Study of Neoantigen-reactive T Cells Co-expressing IL-7 and CCL19
in Mouse Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2024; 27:504-513. [PMID: 39147704 PMCID: PMC11331258 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoantigen reactive T cell (NRT) has the ability to inhibit the growth of tumors expressing specific neoantigens. However, due to the difficult immune infiltration and the inhibition of tumor microenvironment, the therapeutic effect of NRT in solid tumors is limited. In this study, we designed NRT cells (7×19 NRT) that can express both interleukin-7 (IL-7) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 19 (CCL19) in mouse lung cancer cells, and evaluated the difference in anti-tumor effect between 7×19 NRT cells and conventional NRT cells. METHODS We performed next-generation sequencing and neoantigen prediction for mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), prepared RNA vaccine, cultured NRT cells, constructed retroviral vectors encoding IL-7 and CCL19, transduced NRT cells and IL-7 and CCL19 were successfully expressed, and 7×19 NRT was successfully obtained. The anti-tumor effect was evaluated in vivo and in vitro in mice. RESULTS The 7×19 NRT cells significantly enhanced the proliferation and invasion ability of T cells by secreting IL-7 and CCL19, achieved significant tumor inhibition in the mouse lung cancer and extended the survival period of mice. The T cell infiltration into tumor tissue and the necrosis of tumor tissue increased significantly after 7×19 NRT treatment. In addition, both 7×19 NRT treatment and conventional NRT treatment were safe. CONCLUSIONS The anti-solid tumor ability of NRT cells is significantly enhanced by the arming of IL-7 and CCL19, which is a safe and effective genetic modification of NRT.
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Ercilla-Rodríguez P, Sánchez-Díez M, Alegría-Aravena N, Quiroz-Troncoso J, Gavira-O'Neill CE, González-Martos R, Ramírez-Castillejo C. CAR-T lymphocyte-based cell therapies; mechanistic substantiation, applications and biosafety enhancement with suicide genes: new opportunities to melt side effects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333150. [PMID: 39091493 PMCID: PMC11291200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made significant strides in cancer treatment with strategies like checkpoint blockade antibodies and adoptive T cell transfer. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have emerged as a promising approach to combine these strategies and overcome their limitations. This review explores CAR-T cells as a living drug for cancer treatment. CAR-T cells are genetically engineered immune cells designed to target and eliminate tumor cells by recognizing specific antigens. The study involves a comprehensive literature review on CAR-T cell technology, covering structure optimization, generations, manufacturing processes, and gene therapy strategies. It examines CAR-T therapy in haematologic cancers and solid tumors, highlighting challenges and proposing a suicide gene-based mechanism to enhance safety. The results show significant advancements in CAR-T technology, particularly in structure optimization and generation. The manufacturing process has improved for broader clinical application. However, a series of inherent challenges and side effects still need to be addressed. In conclusion, CAR-T cells hold great promise for cancer treatment, but ongoing research is crucial to improve efficacy and safety for oncology patients. The proposed suicide gene-based mechanism offers a potential solution to mitigate side effects including cytokine release syndrome (the most common toxic side effect of CAR-T therapy) and the associated neurotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Animals
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Sánchez-Díez
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Alegría-Aravena
- Grupo de Biología y Producción de Cérvidos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC)-Fundación Científica AECC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Josefa Quiroz-Troncoso
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara E. Gavira-O'Neill
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Martos
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
- ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cancer Stem Cell, HST group, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Sección de Oncología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Zhou D, Zhu X, Xiao Y. CAR-T cell combination therapies in hematologic malignancies. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:69. [PMID: 39026380 PMCID: PMC11264744 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, a groundbreaking cancer treatment, has achieved remarkable success against hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T monotherapy faces challenges in certain cases, including treatment tolerance and relapse rates. To overcome these challenges, researchers are investigating combining CAR-T cells with other treatments to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the progress of research in combining CAR-T cells for hematologic malignancies. It covers the basic principles and clinical applications of CAR-T cell therapy, detailing combinations with chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted drugs, radiotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other treatments. These combinations synergistically enhance the antitumor effects of CAR-T cells and comprehensively target tumors through different mechanisms, improving patient response and survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delian Zhou
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- 1Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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37
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Liu B, Zhou H, Tan L, Siu KTH, Guan XY. Exploring treatment options in cancer: Tumor treatment strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:175. [PMID: 39013849 PMCID: PMC11252281 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have burdened cancer patients with onerous physical and psychological challenges. Encouragingly, the landscape of tumor treatment has undergone a comprehensive and remarkable transformation. Emerging as fervently pursued modalities are small molecule targeted agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cell-based therapies, and gene therapy. These cutting-edge treatment modalities not only afford personalized and precise tumor targeting, but also provide patients with enhanced therapeutic comfort and the potential to impede disease progression. Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that these therapeutic strategies still harbour untapped potential for further advancement. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the merits and limitations of these treatment modalities holds the promise of offering novel perspectives for clinical practice and foundational research endeavours. In this review, we discussed the different treatment modalities, including small molecule targeted drugs, peptide drugs, antibody drugs, cell therapy, and gene therapy. It will provide a detailed explanation of each method, addressing their status of development, clinical challenges, and potential solutions. The aim is to assist clinicians and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of these diverse treatment options, enabling them to carry out effective treatment and advance their research more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Licheng Tan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin To Hugo Siu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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38
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Mog BJ, Marcou N, DiNapoli SR, Pearlman AH, Nichakawade TD, Hwang MS, Douglass J, Hsiue EHC, Glavaris S, Wright KM, Konig MF, Paul S, Wyhs N, Ge J, Miller MS, Azurmendi P, Watson E, Pardoll DM, Gabelli SB, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S. Preclinical studies show that Co-STARs combine the advantages of chimeric antigen and T cell receptors for the treatment of tumors with low antigen densities. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg7123. [PMID: 38985855 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Two types of engineered T cells have been successfully used to treat patients with cancer, one with an antigen recognition domain derived from antibodies [chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)] and the other derived from T cell receptors (TCRs). CARs use high-affinity antigen-binding domains and costimulatory domains to induce T cell activation but can only react against target cells with relatively high amounts of antigen. TCRs have a much lower affinity for their antigens but can react against target cells displaying only a few antigen molecules. Here, we describe a new type of receptor, called a Co-STAR (for costimulatory synthetic TCR and antigen receptor), that combines aspects of both CARs and TCRs. In Co-STARs, the antigen-recognizing components of TCRs are replaced by high-affinity antibody fragments, and costimulation is provided by two modules that drive NF-κB signaling (MyD88 and CD40). Using a TCR-mimic antibody fragment that targets a recurrent p53 neoantigen presented in a common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, we demonstrate that T cells equipped with Co-STARs can kill cancer cells bearing low densities of antigen better than T cells engineered with conventional CARs and patient-derived TCRs in vitro. In mouse models, we show that Co-STARs mediate more robust T cell expansion and more durable tumor regressions than TCRs similarly modified with MyD88 and CD40 costimulation. Our data suggest that Co-STARs may have utility for other peptide-HLA antigens in cancer and other targets where antigen density may limit the efficacy of engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Mog
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nikita Marcou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R DiNapoli
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tushar D Nichakawade
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Michael S Hwang
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephanie Glavaris
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Suman Paul
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nicolas Wyhs
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jiaxin Ge
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michelle S Miller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - P Azurmendi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Evangeline Watson
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Maulana TI, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Roosz J, Lazarevski L, van den Hil FE, Scheller L, Orlova V, Koch A, Hudecek M, Alb M, Loskill P. Breast cancer-on-chip for patient-specific efficacy and safety testing of CAR-T cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:989-1002.e9. [PMID: 38754430 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant human models that recapitulate the challenges of solid tumors and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are highly desired in the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell field. We developed a breast cancer-on-chip model with an integrated endothelial barrier that enables the transmigration of perfused immune cells, their infiltration into the tumor, and concomitant monitoring of cytokine release during perfused culture over a period of up to 8 days. Here, we exemplified its use for investigating CAR-T cell efficacy and the ability to control the immune reaction with a pharmacological on/off switch. Additionally, we integrated primary breast cancer organoids to study patient-specific CAR-T cell efficacy. The modular architecture of our tumor-on-chip paves the way for studying the role of other cell types in the TME and thus provides the potential for broad application in bench-to-bedside translation as well as acceleration of the preclinical development of CAR-T cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengku Ibrahim Maulana
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; 3R Center Tübingen for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Lazarevski
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Scheller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer-Institut für Zelltherapie und Immunologie IZI, Außenstelle Würzburg Zelluläre Immuntherapie, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Alb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Lehrstuhl für Zelluläre Immuntherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University-Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; 3R Center Tübingen for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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40
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Bexte T, Botezatu L, Miskey C, Gierschek F, Moter A, Wendel P, Reindl LM, Campe J, Villena-Ossa JF, Gebel V, Stein K, Cathomen T, Cremer A, Wels WS, Hudecek M, Ivics Z, Ullrich E. Engineering of potent CAR NK cells using non-viral Sleeping Beauty transposition from minimalistic DNA vectors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2357-2372. [PMID: 38751112 PMCID: PMC11287004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have high intrinsic cytotoxic capacity, and clinical trials have demonstrated their safety and efficacy for adoptive cancer therapy. Expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) enhances NK cell target specificity, with these cells applicable as off-the-shelf products generated from allogeneic donors. Here, we present for the first time an innovative approach for CAR NK cell engineering employing a non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon/transposase-based system and minimized DNA vectors termed minicircles. SB-modified peripheral blood-derived primary NK cells displayed high and stable CAR expression and more frequent vector integration into genomic safe harbors than lentiviral vectors. Importantly, SB-generated CAR NK cells demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity compared with non-transfected NK cells. A strong antileukemic potential was confirmed using established acute lymphocytic leukemia cells and patient-derived primary acute B cell leukemia and lymphoma samples as targets in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft leukemia mouse model. Our data suggest that the SB-transposon system is an efficient, safe, and cost-effective approach to non-viral engineering of highly functional CAR NK cells, which may be suitable for cancer immunotherapy of leukemia as well as many other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bexte
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Mildred Scheel Career Center (MSNZ), Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hesse, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lacramioara Botezatu
- Research Centre, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Research Centre, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Fenja Gierschek
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alina Moter
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Wendel
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Reindl
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Campe
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jose Francisco Villena-Ossa
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Gebel
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Mildred Scheel Career Center (MSNZ), Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katja Stein
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anjali Cremer
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Mildred Scheel Career Center (MSNZ), Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Medicine II, Chaire in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Cellular Immunotherapy Branch Site Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Research Centre, Division of Hematology, Gene and Cell Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Goethe University, Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Mildred Scheel Career Center (MSNZ), Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Piñel-Neparidze C, Bickerstaffe H, Shah S, Versnel J. The importance of a go-to-market strategy in the commercialisation of cellular immunotherapies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104028. [PMID: 38759949 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy (CIT) has both demonstrated outstanding levels of efficacy in cancer and presented unique commercialisation challenges. A historical analysis of go-to-market (G2M) strategies used to develop the first chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) can offer insight into how companies leverage partnership or independence to ensure commercial success. Collaboration-based strategies, such as partnerships, acquisitions, and licensing deals, have predominated in the industry to maximise revenue and patient access. Manufacturing, logistical, and regulatory challenges have hindered independent commercialisation. Nonetheless, the industry is adapting to these challenges: novel technologies show superior affordability and implementability, and commercial solutions organisations (CSOs) increasingly help CIT companies navigate through commercialisation issues independently. G2M strategies in this industry are therefore likely to evolve, with independence becoming a feasible strategy for commercial success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñel-Neparidze
- Cambridge Academy of Therapeutic Sciences (CATS), University of Cambridge, 17 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RX, UK.
| | | | - Samvar Shah
- Syneos Health, 10 Bloomsbury Way, 4th Floor, London WC1A 2SL, UK
| | - Jennifer Versnel
- Cambridge Academy of Therapeutic Sciences (CATS), University of Cambridge, 17 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RX, UK
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DeStefano VM, Wada M, Pinz KG, Assi R, Zhang H, Wang W, Zhang W, Shah D, Ma Y, Salman H. A nontandem novel compound chimeric antigen receptor redirected to target CD20-CD19 positive B-cell acute leukemias and B-cell lymphoma. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1743. [PMID: 39039937 PMCID: PMC11263732 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M DeStefano
- Research & Development DivisioniCell Gene Therapeutics Inc., Long Island High Technology IncubatorStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Masayuki Wada
- Research & Development DivisioniCell Gene Therapeutics Inc., Long Island High Technology IncubatorStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Kevin G Pinz
- Research & Development DivisioniCell Gene Therapeutics Inc., Long Island High Technology IncubatorStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Rita Assi
- Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of HematologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic and Clinical MedicineZhongshan People's HospitalZhongshanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of HematologyPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Darshi Shah
- Research & Development DivisioniCell Gene Therapeutics Inc., Long Island High Technology IncubatorStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Yupo Ma
- Research & Development DivisioniCell Gene Therapeutics Inc., Long Island High Technology IncubatorStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Huda Salman
- Brown Center for ImmunotherapyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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43
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Pandit S, Agarwalla P, Song F, Jansson A, Dotti G, Brudno Y. Implantable CAR T cell factories enhance solid tumor treatment. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122580. [PMID: 38640784 PMCID: PMC11125516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has produced revolutionary success in hematological cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. Nonetheless, its translation to solid tumors faces challenges due to manufacturing complexities, short-lived in vivo persistence, and transient therapeutic impact. We introduce 'Drydux' - an innovative macroporous biomaterial scaffold designed for rapid, efficient in-situ generation of tumor-specific CAR T cells. Drydux expedites CAR T cell preparation with a mere three-day turnaround from patient blood collection, presenting a cost-effective, streamlined alternative to conventional methodologies. Notably, Drydux-enabled CAR T cells provide prolonged in vivo release, functionality, and enhanced persistence exceeding 150 days, with cells transitioning to memory phenotypes. Unlike conventional CAR T cell therapy, which offered only temporary tumor control, equivalent Drydux cell doses induced lasting tumor remission in various animal tumor models, including systemic lymphoma, peritoneal ovarian cancer, metastatic lung cancer, and orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Drydux's approach holds promise in revolutionizing solid tumor CAR T cell therapy by delivering durable, rapid, and cost-effective treatments and broadening patient accessibility to this groundbreaking therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Pandit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Pritha Agarwalla
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Feifei Song
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anton Jansson
- Department of Product Development, Production and Design, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yevgeny Brudno
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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44
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Adams SC, Nambiar AK, Bressler EM, Raut CP, Colson YL, Wong WW, Grinstaff MW. Immunotherapies for locally aggressive cancers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115331. [PMID: 38729264 PMCID: PMC11228555 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Improving surgical resection outcomes for locally aggressive tumors is key to inducing durable locoregional disease control and preventing progression to metastatic disease. Macroscopically complete resection of the tumor is the standard of care for many cancers, including breast, ovarian, lung, sarcoma, and mesothelioma. Advancements in cancer diagnostics are increasing the number of surgically eligible cases through early detection. Thus, a unique opportunity arises to improve patient outcomes with decreased recurrence rates via intraoperative delivery treatments using local drug delivery strategies after the tumor has been resected. Of the current systemic treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies), immunotherapies are the latest approach to offer significant benefits. Intraoperative strategies benefit from direct access to the tumor microenvironment which improves drug uptake to the tumor and simultaneously minimizes the risk of drug entering healthy tissues thereby resulting in fewer or less toxic adverse events. We review the current state of immunotherapy development and discuss the opportunities that intraoperative treatment provides. We conclude by summarizing progress in current research, identifying areas for exploration, and discussing future prospects in sustained remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Adams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arun K Nambiar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eric M Bressler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Wilson W Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston MA 02215, USA.
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45
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Lee HJ, Hwang SJ, Jeong EH, Chang MH. Genetically Engineered CLDN18.2 CAR-T Cells Expressing Synthetic PD1/CD28 Fusion Receptors Produced Using a Lentiviral Vector. J Microbiol 2024; 62:555-568. [PMID: 38700775 PMCID: PMC11303488 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop synthetic Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T (CAR-T) cells as a treatment for advanced gastric cancer using lentiviral vector genetic engineering technology that targets the CLDN18.2 antigen and simultaneously overcomes the immunosuppressive environment caused by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Synthetic CAR T cells are a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy but face many challenges in solid tumors. One of the major problems is immunosuppression caused by PD-1. CLDN18.2, a gastric-specific membrane protein, is considered a potential therapeutic target for gastric and other cancers. In our study, CLDN18.2 CAR was a second-generation CAR with inducible T-cell costimulatory (CD278), and CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR was a third-generation CAR, wherein the synthetic PD1/CD28 chimeric-switch receptor (CSR) was added to the second-generation CAR. In vitro, we detected the secretion levels of different cytokines and the killing ability of CAR-T cells. We found that the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted by three types of CAR-T cells was increased, and the killing ability against CLDN18.2-positive GC cells was enhanced. In vivo, we established a xenograft GC model and observed the antitumor effects and off-target toxicity of CAR-T cells. These results support that synthetic anti-CLDN18.2 CAR-T cells have antitumor effect and anti-CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR could provide a promising design strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells in advanced gastric cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Claudins/genetics
- Claudins/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Genetic Engineering
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/immunology
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon Ju Lee
- CARBio Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Jin Hwang
- CARBio Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jeong
- CARBio Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Chang
- CARBio Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Cheongju, 28160, Republic of Korea
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46
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Martarelli N, Capurro M, Mansour G, Jahromi RV, Stella A, Rossi R, Longetti E, Bigerna B, Gentili M, Rosseto A, Rossi R, Cencini C, Emiliani C, Martino S, Beeg M, Gobbi M, Tiacci E, Falini B, Morena F, Perriello VM. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Molecular Docking and Steered Molecular Dynamics for Accurate scFv Selection of Anti-CD30 Chimeric Antigen Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7231. [PMID: 39000338 PMCID: PMC11242627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells represent a revolutionary immunotherapy that allows specific tumor recognition by a unique single-chain fragment variable (scFv) derived from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). scFv selection is consequently a fundamental step for CAR construction, to ensure accurate and effective CAR signaling toward tumor antigen binding. However, conventional in vitro and in vivo biological approaches to compare different scFv-derived CARs are expensive and labor-intensive. With the aim to predict the finest scFv binding before CAR-T cell engineering, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-guided molecular docking and steered molecular dynamics analysis of different anti-CD30 mAb clones. Virtual computational scFv screening showed comparable results to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and functional CAR-T cell in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively, in terms of binding capacity and anti-tumor efficacy. The proposed fast and low-cost in silico analysis has the potential to advance the development of novel CAR constructs, with a substantial impact on reducing time, costs, and the need for laboratory animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Martarelli
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Michela Capurro
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Gizem Mansour
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Ramina Vossoughi Jahromi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Arianna Stella
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Emanuele Longetti
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Barbara Bigerna
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Marco Gentili
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Ariele Rosseto
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Riccardo Rossi
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Chiara Cencini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Marten Beeg
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (G.M.); (M.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrico Tiacci
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnologies, Via del Giochetto, University of Perugia, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (C.E.); (S.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Maria Perriello
- Institute of Hematology and Center for Hemato-Oncology Research, University of Perugia and Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (N.M.); (M.C.); (R.V.J.); (A.S.); (R.R.); (E.L.); (B.B.); (M.G.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (E.T.); (B.F.)
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47
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Kua L, Ng CH, Tan JW, Tan HC, Seh CC, Wong F, Ong R, Rooney CM, Tan J, Chen Q, Horak ID, Tan KW, Low L. Novel OX40 and 4-1BB derived spacers enhance CD30 CAR activity and safety in CD30 positive lymphoma models. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00454-4. [PMID: 38946142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) derived from the CD30 specific murine antibody, HRS-3, has produced promising clinical efficacy with a favorable safety profile in the treatment of relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas. However, persistence of the autologous CAR-T cells was brief, and many patients relapsed a year after treatment. The lack of persistence may be attributed to the use of a wild-type immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 spacer that can associate with Fc receptors. We first identified the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) 5 of CD30 as the primary binding epitope of HRS-3 and armed with this insight, attempted to improve the HRS-3 CAR functionality with a panel of novel spacer designs. We demonstrate that HRS-3 CARs with OX40 and 4-1BB derived spacers exhibited similar anti-tumor efficacy, circumvented interactions with Fc receptors, and secreted lower levels of cytokines in vitro than a CAR employing the IgG1 spacer. Humanization of the HRS-3 scFv coupled with the 4-1BB spacer preserved potent on-target, on-tumor efficacy, and on-target, off-tumor safety. In a lymphoma mouse model of high tumor burden, T cells expressing humanized HRS-3 CD30.CARs with the 4-1BB spacer potently killed tumors with low levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines, providing a promising candidate for future clinical development in the treatment of CD30-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Kua
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chee Hoe Ng
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | - Fiona Wong
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Richard Ong
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joel Tan
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, A∗STAR Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, A∗STAR Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ivan D Horak
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Kar Wai Tan
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Lionel Low
- Tessa Therapeutics Ltd, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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48
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Yang R, Yang Y, Liu R, Wang Y, Yang R, He A. Advances in CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1414264. [PMID: 39007146 PMCID: PMC11239349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, demonstrably improving patient outcomes and prognosis. However, its application has introduced new challenges, such as safety concerns, off-target toxicities, and significant costs. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the innate immune system, capable of eliminating tumor cells without prior exposure to specific antigens or pre-activation. This inherent advantage complements the limitations of T cells, making CAR-NK cell therapy a promising avenue for hematological tumor immunotherapy. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies have yielded preliminary evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy in hematological malignancies, paving the way for future advancements in immunotherapy. This review aims to succinctly discuss the characteristics, significant therapeutic progress, and potential challenges associated with CAR-NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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49
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Xue E, Lee ACK, Chow KT, Ng DKP. Promotion and Detection of Cell-Cell Interactions through a Bioorthogonal Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17334-17347. [PMID: 38767615 PMCID: PMC11212048 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of cell-cell interactions via cell surface modification is crucial in tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. To be able to monitor intercellular interactions, it can also provide useful information for understanding how the cells interact and communicate. We report herein a facile bioorthogonal strategy to promote and monitor cell-cell interactions. It involves the use of a maleimide-appended tetrazine-caged boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probe and a maleimide-substituted bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) to modify the membrane of macrophage (RAW 264.7) and cancer (HT29, HeLa, and A431) cells, respectively, via maleimide-thiol conjugation. After modification, the two kinds of cells interact strongly through inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of the surface tetrazine and BCN moieties. The coupling also disrupts the tetrazine quenching unit, restoring the fluorescence emission of the BODIPY core on the cell-cell interface, and promotes phagocytosis. Hence, this approach can promote and facilitate the detection of intercellular interactions, rendering it potentially useful for macrophage-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn
Y. Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Alan Chun Kit Lee
- School
of Life Sciences, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan T. Chow
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Shatin,
N.T., Hong Kong, China
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50
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Sun X, Zhou X, Shi X, Abed OA, An X, Lei YL, Moon JJ. Strategies for the development of metalloimmunotherapies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01221-7. [PMID: 38914800 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions play crucial roles in the regulation of immune pathways. In fact, metallodrugs have a long record of accomplishment as effective treatments for a wide range of diseases. Here we argue that the modulation of interactions of metal ions with molecules and cells involved in the immune system forms the basis of a new class of immunotherapies. By examining how metal ions modulate the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as host-microbiota interactions, we discuss strategies for the development of such metalloimmunotherapies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Editas Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omar A Abed
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinran An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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