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Samant V, Prabhu A. Exercise, exerkines and exercise mimetic drugs: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutics. Life Sci 2024; 359:123225. [PMID: 39522716 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diseases linked with sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary habits are increasingly common in modern society. Exercise is widely acknowledged to have a plethora of health benefits, including its role in primary prevention of various chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and several musculoskeletal as well as degenerative disorders. Regular physical activity induces numerous physiological adaptations that contribute to these positive effects, primarily observed in skeletal muscle but also impacting other tissues. There is a growing interest among researchers in developing pharmaceutical interventions that mimic the beneficial effects of exercise for therapeutic applications. Exercise mimetic medications have the potential to be helpful aids in enhancing functional outcomes for patients with metabolic dysfunction, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders. Some of the potential targets for exercise mimetics include pathways involved in metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. The present review aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the current understanding of exercise physiology, the role of exerkines and biomolecular pathways, and the potential applications of exercise mimetic drugs for the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Samant
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
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Rioux BV, Paudel Y, Thomson AM, Peskett LE, Sénéchal M. An examination of exercise intensity and its impact on the acute release of irisin across obesity status: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1712-1728. [PMID: 39226615 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Limited data exist regarding the impact of exercise intensity on irisin release and its association with insulin sensitivity in individuals of differing obesity status. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exercise intensity on the acute release of irisin in healthy-weight individuals and individuals with obesity, and whether irisin release during acute exercise was associated with greater insulin sensitivity across obesity status. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted on 26 non-overweight/obese (non-OW/OB) (BMI: 22.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and 26 overweight/obese (OW/OB) (BMI: 33.9 ± 6.5 kg/m2) adults who performed an acute bout of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and rest. Irisin was quantified via ELISA and western blotting, and insulin sensitivity (Si) was estimated using the Matsuda index. OW/OB displayed a significantly lower level of circulating irisin and protein expression compared to non-OW/OB (p < 0.01). Insulin sensitivity was positively correlated with irisin release during MICT and HIIT in non-OW/OB (all p < 0.05), but not in OW/OB. Regarding irisin expression, non-OW/OB with high Si had a 2.03-fold (p < 0.05) increase during HIIT, while OW/OB with high Si had only a 1.54-fold increase (p < 0.05). These results suggest that irisin is released differently according to obesity status and varying exercise intensities. OW/OB individuals have a blunted irisin response to acute exercise and lower baseline irisin concentrations compared to non-OW/OB individuals. Although exercise stimulates irisin release in non-OW/OB individuals, only a greater exercise intensity stimulates irisin release in OW/OB individuals. These findings are clinically relevant, as irisin is associated with greater insulin sensitivity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03514238).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany V Rioux
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Yadab Paudel
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Amy M Thomson
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Logan E Peskett
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Rubio-Zarapuz A, Belinchón-deMiguel P, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Impact of Physical Activity on Cellular Metabolism Across Both Neurodegenerative and General Neurological Conditions: A Narrative Review. Cells 2024; 13:1940. [PMID: 39682689 DOI: 10.3390/cells13231940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in modulating cellular metabolism and mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Multiple Sclerosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which exercise influences cellular metabolism, with a focus on its potential as a therapeutic intervention for neurological disorders. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed scientific articles, with a focus on the period between 2015 and 2024, to analyze the effects of exercise on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and metabolic health. RESULTS The findings indicate that exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, enhances oxidative phosphorylation, and reduces reactive oxygen species, contributing to improved energy production and cellular resilience. These metabolic adaptations are associated with delayed disease progression and reduced symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, integrating exercise with nutritional strategies may further enhance therapeutic outcomes by addressing metabolic disturbances comprehensively. CONCLUSIONS This review concludes that personalized exercise protocols should be developed to optimize metabolic benefits for patients with neurological diseases, while future research should focus on biomarker development for individualized treatment approaches. These findings highlight the importance of non-pharmacological interventions in managing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Rubio-Zarapuz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Belinchón-deMiguel
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | | | - Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Applied Social Sciences and Communications, Universidad Internacional de la Empresa (UNIE), 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Hayden CM, Begue G, Gamboa JL, Baar K, Roshanravan B. Review of Exercise Interventions to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Nondialysis CKD. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:3097-3115. [PMID: 39534200 PMCID: PMC11551061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise interventions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have received growing interest, with over 30 meta-analyses published in the past 5 years. The potential benefits of exercise training in CKD range from slowing disease progression to improving comorbidities and quality of life. Nevertheless, there is a lack of large, randomized control trials in diverse populations, particularly regarding exercise in nondialysis-dependent CKD (NDD). When exercise interventions are implemented, they often lack fundamental features of exercise training such as progressive overload, personalization, and specificity. Furthermore, the physiology of exercise and CKD-specific barriers appear poorly understood. This review explores the potential benefits of exercise training in NDD, draws lessons from previous interventions and other fields, and provides several basic tools that may help improve interventions in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M.T. Hayden
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gwénaëlle Begue
- Kinesiology Department, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jorge L. Gamboa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology. Vanderbilt University. Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Baback Roshanravan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology. University of California Davis. Sacramento, California, USA
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Pan S, Ren W, Zhao Y, Cai M, Tian Z. Role of Irisin in exercise training-regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and myogenesis in the skeletal muscle after myocardial infarction. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:895-908. [PMID: 39271606 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) are often accompanied by skeletal muscle abnormalities, which can lead to exercise intolerance and compromise daily activities. Irisin, an exercise training (ET) -induced myokine, regulates energy metabolism and skeletal muscle homeostasis. However, the precise role of Irisin in the benefits of ET on inhibiting skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and myogenesis following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of Irisin protein in wild-type mice with MI, and assessed its role in the beneficial effects of ET using an Fndc5 knockout mice. Our findings revealed that MI reduced muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), while downregulating the expression of Irisin, PGC-1α and SOD1. Concurrently, MI elevated the levels of ER stress and apoptosis, and inhibited autophagy in skeletal muscle. Conversely, ET mitigated ER stress and apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of infarcted mice. Notably, Fndc5 knockout worsened MI-induced ER stress and apoptosis, suppressed autophagy and myogenesis, and abrogated the beneficial effects of ET. In conclusion, our findings highlight the role of Irisin in the ET-mediated alleviation of skeletal muscle abnormalities. This study provides valuable insights into MI-induced muscle abnormalities and enhances our understanding of exercise rehabilitation mechanisms in clinical MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yifang Zhao
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.
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Yao Z, Liang S, Chen J, Zhang H, Chen W, Li H. Dietary Lactate Intake and Physical Exercise Synergistically Reverse Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening to Ameliorate Diet-Induced Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39486070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective strategy for combating obesity via brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the cooperation between lactate and adrenoceptor signaling regulated BAT activity during exercise. The lactate receptor GPR81 was highly expressed in the BAT of lean mice, whereas its expression was markedly decreased in obese mice. Notably, the level of GPR81 in BAT could be upregulated by exercise. The blockade of lactate production or GPR81 significantly impaired exercise-induced BAT activation. In addition, dietary lactate intake enhanced the efficacy of physical exercise in alleviating BAT whitening in obese mice, as evidenced by the improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced lipid droplets, increased UCP1 expression, and elevated mitochondrial DNA content. Further data indicated that norepinephrine triggered UCP1 activation through both the cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/CaMK pathways during exercise, while lactate mediated this process via the GPR81-Ca2+/CaMK cascade. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism in the regulation of BAT function by physical exercise, providing a promising lifestyle intervention to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Yamanaka K, Suzuki M, Pham LT, Tomita K, Van Nguyen T, Takagishi M, Tsukioka K, Gouraud S, Waki H. Involvement of D1 dopamine receptor in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rats in stress-induced hypertension and exercise. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1795-1804. [PMID: 38973449 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress can cause hypertension, whereas daily exercise promotes healthy well being through destressing. Although the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is involved in the development of hypertension, the molecular and physiological mechanisms of stress and exercise remain unclear. In this study, we tested whether gene expression in the NTS is altered by stress and daily exercise and whether this is involved in cardiovascular regulation. METHODS We have performed RT 2 Profiler PCR arrays targeting a panel of neurotransmitter receptor genes in the NTS of Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress (1 h a day over 3 weeks) with or without voluntary wheel exercise. We also performed immunohistochemistry to determine whether the identified molecules were expressed at the protein level. Additionally, microinjection studies in anesthetized rats were performed to examine whether validated molecules exhibit physiological roles in cardiovascular regulation of the NTS. RESULTS We observed that blood pressure was significantly increased by stress and the increase was suppressed by exercise. Using PCR analysis, we determined that the expression levels of four genes in the NTS, including the dopamine receptor D1 gene ( Drd1 ), were significantly affected by stress and suppressed by exercise. We also examined dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expression in NTS neurons and found significantly greater expression in the stressed than nonstressed animals. Furthermore, the microinjection of a D1R agonist into the NTS in anesthetized rats induced hypotensive effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NTS D1R plays a role in the counteracting processes of stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Linh Thuy Pham
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Thu Van Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Miwa Takagishi
- Department of Therapeutic Health Promotion, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka
| | - Kei Tsukioka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Sabine Gouraud
- Department of Natural Science, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University, Tokyo
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
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Harvanek ZM, Kudinova AY, Wong SA, Xu K, Brick L, Daniels TE, Marsit C, Burt A, Sinha R, Tyrka AR. Childhood adversity, accelerated GrimAge, and associated health consequences. J Behav Med 2024; 47:913-926. [PMID: 38762606 PMCID: PMC11365810 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is linked to psychological, behavioral, and physical health problems, including obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Epigenetic alterations are one pathway through which the effects of early life stress and adversity might persist into adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms have also been proposed to explain why cardiometabolic health can vary greatly between individuals with similar Body Mass Index (BMIs). We evaluated two independent cross-sectional cohorts of adults without known medical illness, one of which explicitly recruited individuals with early life stress (ELS) and control participants (n = 195), and the other a general community sample (n = 477). In these cohorts, we examine associations between childhood adversity, epigenetic aging, and metabolic health. Childhood adversity was associated with increased GrimAge Acceleration (GAA) in both cohorts, both utilizing a dichotomous yes/no classification (both p < 0.01) as well as a continuous measure using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (both p < 0.05). Further investigation demonstrated that CTQ subscales for physical and sexual abuse (both p < 0.05) were associated with increased GAA in both cohorts, whereas physical and emotional neglect were not. In both cohorts, higher CTQ was also associated with higher BMI and increased insulin resistance (both p < 0.05). Finally, we demonstrate a moderating effect of BMI on the relationship between GAA and insulin resistance where GAA correlated with insulin resistance specifically at higher BMIs. These results, which were largely replicated between two independent cohorts, suggest that interactions between epigenetics, obesity, and metabolic health may be important mechanisms through which childhood adversity contributes to long-term physical and metabolic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Harvanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Anastacia Y Kudinova
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Samantha A Wong
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Veteran Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leslie Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa E Daniels
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Mitchell AK, Bliss RR, Church FC. Exercise, Neuroprotective Exerkines, and Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1241. [PMID: 39456173 PMCID: PMC11506540 DOI: 10.3390/biom14101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease in which treatment often includes an exercise regimen. Exercise is neuroprotective in animal models of PD, and, more recently, human clinical studies have verified exercise's disease-modifying effect. Aerobic exercise and resistance training improve many of PD's motor and non-motor symptoms, while neuromotor therapy and stretching/flexibility exercises positively contribute to the quality of life in people with PD. Therefore, understanding the role of exercise in managing this complex disorder is crucial. Exerkines are bioactive substances that are synthesized and released during exercise and have been implicated in several positive health outcomes, including neuroprotection. Exerkines protect neuronal cells in vitro and rodent PD models in vivo. Aerobic exercise and resistance training both increase exerkine levels in the blood, suggesting a role for exerkines in the neuroprotective theory. Many exerkines demonstrate the potential for protecting the brain against pathological missteps caused by PD. Every person (people) with Parkinson's (PwP) needs a comprehensive exercise plan tailored to their unique needs and abilities. Here, we provide an exercise template to help PwP understand the importance of exercise for treating PD, describe barriers confronting many PwP in their attempt to exercise, provide suggestions for overcoming these barriers, and explore the role of exerkines in managing PD. In conclusion, exercise and exerkines together create a powerful neuroprotective system that should contribute to slowing the chronic progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K. Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | | | - Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jin Y, Wan K, Liu C, Cheng W, Wang R. Mechanisms of exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes: a bibliometric and visualization analysis based on CiteSpace. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1401342. [PMID: 39149117 PMCID: PMC11324446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its prevalence is increasing globally. Exercise is crucial for T2D management, yet many aspects of its mechanisms remain unclear. This study employs CiteSpace to reveal research hotspots and frontier issues in exercise intervention for T2D. Method A literature review spanning from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022, was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), with keywords including "exercise," "type 2 diabetes," and "mechanisms." We analyzed network diagrams generated by CiteSpace, which depicted relationships among countries, authors, and keywords. Results This study includes 1,210 English papers from 555 journals, affiliated with 348 institutions across 80 countries/regions. Notably, the United States, China, and the United Kingdom account for nearly half of all publications. The University of Copenhagen leads in publication volume, followed by Harvard Medical School and the University of Colorado. Key authors include Kirwan, John P (Case Western Reserve University), Malin, Steven K (Rutgers University), and Pedersen, Bente Klarlund (University of Copenhagen). Based on co-occurrence analysis of keywords, it is evident that terms such as "disease," "glucagon-like peptide 1," and "cardiovascular risk factor" exhibit high intermediary centrality. Conclusion The analysis highlights ongoing investigations into molecular mechanisms, such as β-cell function enhancement, exerkines, and epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging areas include exercise response heterogeneity, circadian rhythm regulation, transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial function. Future studies should prioritize understanding interactions between different exercise mechanisms and optimizing exercise prescriptions for T2D. Exercise prescriptions are crucial for effective interventions. Collaboration between countries and institutions is essential to understand the influences of different genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. Currently, a combination of aerobic and resistance training is considered the optimal form of exercise. However, considering time efficiency, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained widespread attention and research due to its ability to achieve similar exercise effects in a shorter duration. Additionally, circadian rhythm regulation may affect the exercise outcomes of diabetic individuals at different times of the day, particularly concerning the specific types, doses, and intensities used for precision intervention in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Physical Education College, Henan Sport University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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11
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Doménech-García V, Skovlund SV, Bellosta-López P, Calatayud J, López-Bueno R, Andersen LL. Does the distribution of musculoskeletal pain shape the fate of long-term sick leave? A prospective cohort study with register follow-up. Pain 2024; 165:1875-1881. [PMID: 38284407 PMCID: PMC11247451 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although multisite pain can markedly reduce work ability, the relevance of the bodily pain distribution as a predictor of long-term sick leave is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain distributions and long-term sick leave in the general working population of Denmark and included 66,177 currently employed wage earners without long-term sick leave during the prior 52 weeks. Participants reported whether they had pain in the lower extremity (hips/knees), upper extremity (neck/shoulders), or the low back. The analysis controlled for age, sex, year of survey reply, educational level, occupational group, psychosocial work factors, body max index, smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and mental health confounders. The results demonstrated that the risk of long-term sick leave increased with the number of pain sites. Compared with no pain, localized pain in any body region increased the risk/hazard by 25% to 29% (HR [95% CI]: 1.29 [1.07-1.54] for pain only in the low back), whereas pain in 2 regions increased the risk by 39% to 44% (HR [95% CI]: 1.41 [1.18-1.69] for pain in the low back + hips/knees). Workers reporting pain in all 3 regions experienced a 72% increased risk (HR [95% CI]: 1.72 [1.55-1.91]). Thus, the number of pain regions seems to matter more than the exact pain location. The spatial extension of musculoskeletal pain in workers functions as a gradient system, where pain spread throughout the body is an independent indicator of the high risk of long-term sick leave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Venge Skovlund
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Bellosta-López
- Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Liang C, Li X, Song G, Schmidt SF, Sun L, Chen J, Pan X, Zhao H, Yan Y. Adipose Kiss1 controls aerobic exercise-related adaptive responses in adipose tissue energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23743. [PMID: 38877852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302598rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptin signaling regulates energy homeostasis. Adiposity is the principal source and receiver of peripheral Kisspeptin, and adipose Kiss1 metastasis suppressor (Kiss1) gene expression is stimulated by exercise. However, whether the adipose Kiss1 gene regulates energy homeostasis and plays a role in adaptive alterations during prolonged exercise remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of Kiss1 role in mice and adipose tissues and the adaptive changes it induces after exercise, using adipose-specific Kiss1 knockout (Kiss1adipoq-/-) and adeno-associated virus-induced adipose tissue Kiss1-overexpressing (Kiss1adipoq over) mice. We found that adipose-derived kisspeptin signal regulates lipid and glucose homeostasis to maintain systemic energy homeostasis, but in a sex-dependent manner, with more pronounced metabolic changes in female mice. Kiss1 regulated adaptive alterations of genes and proteins in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) pathways in female gWAT following prolonged aerobic exercise. We could further show that adipose Kiss1 deficiency leads to reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) protein content of soleus muscle and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of female mice after prolonged exercise. Therefore, adipose Kisspeptin may be a novel adipokine that increases organ sensitivity to glucose, lipids, and oxygen following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liang
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi University (GXU), Nanning, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Søren Fisker Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University (BSU), Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
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Tong Y, Huang J, Wang S, Awa R, Tagawa T, Zhang Z, Cao T, Kobori H, Suzuki K. Effects of 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic Acid on Enhancing Grip Strength and Inhibiting Protein Catabolism Induced by Exhaustive Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6627. [PMID: 38928337 PMCID: PMC11203939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA), also known as dihydroferulic acid, is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative that can be derived from the microbial transformation of dietary polyphenols or naturally obtained from fermented foods. Although numerous studies have documented its antioxidant and anti-obesity effects, the effect of HMPA on muscle function remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of HMPA on muscle strength and exercise endurance capacity. Mice were orally administered low and high doses of HMPA for 14 days and subjected to grip force and treadmill exhaustion tests to evaluate muscle function. Our results showed that HMPA-administered groups significantly enhanced absolute grip strength (p = 0.0256) and relative grip strength (p = 0.0209), and low-dose HMPA decreased the plasma level of blood urea nitrogen after exercise (p = 0.0183), but HMPA did not affect endurance performance. Low-dose HMPA administration increased Myf5 expression in sedentary mice (p = 0.0106), suggesting that low-dose HMPA may promote muscle development. Additionally, HMPA improved hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibited muscular lipid metabolism and protein catabolism, as indicated by changes in mRNA expression levels of related genes. These findings suggest that HMPA may be a promising dietary supplement for muscle health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Tong
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Riyo Awa
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan; (R.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Takashi Tagawa
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan; (R.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Tiehan Cao
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruki Kobori
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan; (Y.T.); (J.H.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (T.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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da Silva Rodrigues G, Noma IHY, Noronha NY, Watanabe LM, da Silva Sobrinho AC, de Lima JGR, Sae-Lee C, Benjamim CJR, Nonino CB, Bueno CR. Eight Weeks of Physical Training Decreases 2 Years of DNA Methylation Age of Sedentary Women. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:405-415. [PMID: 37466924 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2228388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The acceleration of epigenetic age is a predictor of mortality and contributes to the increase in chronic diseases. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is a strategy to reduce epigenetic age. The present study aimed to determine whether eight weeks of combined (aerobic and strength) training (CT) can influence the epigenetic age of women between 50 and 70 years old and the differences in sites and methylated regions. Methods: Eighteen women (AARLow: lower age acceleration residual, n = 10; AARHigh: higher age acceleration residual, n = 8) participated in a combined exercise training program (60 minutes, 3× a week) for eight weeks. DNA was extracted from whole blood using the salting out technique. DNA methylation was performed using the array technique (Illumina's Infinium Methylation BeadChip 850k). We used the DNA Methylation Age Calculator platform to calculate the biological epigenetic age. Two-way ANOVA followed by FISHER LSD posthoc was Applied, adopting p < .05. Results: After eight weeks of CT, there were no changes to the epigenetic age acceleration for the AARLow group (PRE: -2.3 ± 3.2 to POST: -2.3 ± 3.6). However, the AARHigh group significantly decreased the age acceleration (PRE: 3.6 ± 2.6 to POST: 2.2 ± 2.7) (group effect, p = .01; time effect, p = .31; group vs. time effect, p = .005). Conclusion: CT for eight weeks benefits the epigenetic clock of women with the most accelerated age.
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Walzik D, Wences Chirino TY, Zimmer P, Joisten N. Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:138. [PMID: 38806473 PMCID: PMC11133400 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Several exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. These signaling molecules, which are collectively termed exerkines, form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances, mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue adaption. Numerous scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such properties. Additionally, some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes. A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and disease. Herein, we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various diseases. By emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research, we provide a comprehensive overview of (i) the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion, (ii) the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption, and (iii) the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Walzik
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Tiffany Y Wences Chirino
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, 44227, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Division of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Tzemah-Shahar R, Turjeman S, Sharon E, Gamliel G, Hochner H, Koren O, Agmon M. Signs of aging in midlife: physical function and sex differences in microbiota. GeroScience 2024; 46:1477-1488. [PMID: 37610596 PMCID: PMC10828485 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between microbiota composition and measures of function, such as a composite measure of physical capacity, and biological age in midlife, prior to onset of age-related diseases. Seventy healthy midlife individuals (age 44.58 ± 0.18) were examined cross-sectionally, and their gut-microbiota profile was characterized from stool samples using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Biological age was measured using the Klemera-Doubal method and a composition of blood and physiological biomarkers. Physical capacity was calculated based on sex-standardized functional tests. We demonstrate that the women had significantly richer microbiota, p = 0.025; however, microbiota diversity was not linked with chronological age, biological age, or physical capacity for either women or men. Men had slightly greater β-diversity; however, β-diversity was positively associated with biological age and with physical capacity for women only (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04; respectively). For women, an increase in abundance of Roseburia faecis and Collinsella aerofaciens, as well as genus Ruminococcus and Dorea, was significantly associated with higher biological age and lower physical capacity; an increase in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and genera Bacteroides and Alistipes was associated with younger biological age and increased physical capacity. Differentially abundant taxa were also associated with non-communicable diseases. These findings suggest that microbiota composition is a potential mechanism linking physical capacity and health status; personalized probiotics may serve as a new means to support health-promoting interventions in midlife. Investigating additional factors underlying this link may facilitate the development of a more accurate method to estimate the rate of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Tzemah-Shahar
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Efrat Sharon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gila Gamliel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University School of Public Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maayan Agmon
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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18
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Chen Y, Chen X, Luo Z, Kang X, Ge Y, Wan R, Wang Q, Han Z, Li F, Fan Z, Xie Y, Qi B, Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang JH, Liu D, Xu Y, Wu D, Chen S. Exercise-Induced Reduction of IGF1R Sumoylation Attenuates Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00127-9. [PMID: 38565402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is marked by cognitive deterioration and heightened neuroinflammation. The influence of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) and its post-translational modifications, especially sumoylation, is crucial in understanding the progression of AD and exploring novel therapeutic avenues. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the impact of exercise on the sumoylation of IGF1R and its role in ameliorating AD symptoms in APP/PS1 mice, with a specific focus on neuroinflammation and innovative therapeutic strategies. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were subjected to a regimen of moderate-intensity exercise. The investigation encompassed assessments of cognitive functions, alterations in hippocampal protein expressions, neuroinflammatory markers, and the effects of exercise on IGF1R and SUMO1 nuclear translocation. Additionally, the study evaluated the efficacy of KPT-330, a nuclear export inhibitor, as an alternative to exercise. RESULTS Exercise notably enhanced cognitive functions in AD mice, possibly through modulations in hippocampal proteins, including Bcl-2 and BACE1. A decrease in neuroinflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was observed, indicative of reduced neuroinflammation. Exercise modulated the nuclear translocation of SUMO1 and IGF1R in the hippocampus, thereby facilitating neuronal regeneration. Mutant IGF1R (MT IGF1R), lacking SUMO1 modification sites, showed reduced SUMOylation, leading to diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. KPT-330 impeded the formation of the IGF1R/RanBP2/SUMO1 complex, thereby limiting IGF1R nuclear translocation, inflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, while enhancing cognitive functions and neuron proliferation. CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity exercise effectively mitigates AD symptoms in mice, primarily by diminishing neuroinflammation, through the reduction of IGF1R Sumoylation. KPT-330, as a potential alternative to physical exercise, enhances the neuroprotective role of IGF1R by inhibiting SUMOylation through targeting XPO1, presenting a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Regional Medical Center, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital,Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Fujian, Jinjiang,China.
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueran Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yunshen Ge
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fangqi Li
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongcheng Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, China
| | - Yuchun Xie
- Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Lianhua Road, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Danping Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongyan Wu
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Caporossi D, Dimauro I. Exercise-induced redox modulation as a mediator of DNA methylation in health maintenance and disease prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:113-122. [PMID: 38242245 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The evidence for physical activity (PA) as a major public health preventive approach and a potent medical therapy has increased exponentially in the last decades. The biomolecular mechanisms supporting the associations between PA and/or structured exercise training with health maintenance and disease prevention are not completely characterized. However, increasing evidence pointed out the role of epigenetic modifications in exercise adaptation and health-enhancing PA throughout life, DNA methylation being the most intensely studied epigenetic modification induced by acute and chronic exercise. The current data on the modulation of DNA methylation determined by physically active behavior or exercise interventions points out genes related to energy regulation, mitochondrial function, and biosynthesis, as well as muscle regeneration, calcium signaling pathways, and brain plasticity, all consistent with the known exercise-induced redox signaling and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) unbalance. Thus, the main focus of this review is to discuss the role of ROS and redox-signaling on DNA methylation profile and its impact on exercise-induced health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy.
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 15, Rome, 00135, Italy
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20
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Wu H, Hu Y, Jiang C, Chen C. Global scientific trends in research of epigenetic response to exercise: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25644. [PMID: 38370173 PMCID: PMC10869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to comprehensively understand the adaptive response of multiple epigenetic modifications on gene expression changes driven by exercise. Here, we retrieved literatures from publications in the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases up to and including October 15, 2023. After screening with the exclusion criteria, 1910 publications were selected in total, comprising 1399 articles and 511 reviews. Specifically, a total of 512, 224, and 772 publications is involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, respectively. The correlations between publication number, authors, institutions, countries, references, and the characteristics of hotspots were explored by CiteSpace. Here, the USA (621 publications) ranked the world's most-influential countries, the University of California System (68 publications) was the most productive, and Tiago Fernandes (14 publications) had the most-published publications. A comprehensive keyword analysis revealed that cardiovascular disease, cancer, skeletal muscle development, and metabolic syndrome, and are the research hotspots. The detailed impact of exercise was further discussed in different aspects of these three categories of epigenetic modifications. Detailed analysis of epigenetic modifications in response to exercise, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and changes in noncoding RNAs, will offer valuable information to help researchers understand hotspots and emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cai Jiang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry Institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122 Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 350122, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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21
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Ashcroft SP, Stocks B, Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise induces tissue-specific adaptations to enhance cardiometabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:278-300. [PMID: 38183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The risk associated with multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality is decreased in individuals who meet the current recommendations for physical activity. Therefore, regular exercise remains a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. An acute bout of exercise results in the coordinated interaction between multiple tissues to meet the increased energy demand of exercise. Over time, the associated metabolic stress of each individual exercise bout provides the basis for long-term adaptations across tissues, including the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gut, and brain. Therefore, regular exercise is associated with a plethora of benefits throughout the whole body, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and glycemic control. Overall, we summarize the exercise-induced adaptations that occur within multiple tissues and how they converge to ultimately improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Zhao R. Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38308368 PMCID: PMC10837901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the stimulation of resident immune cells of the brain and the penetration of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory processes facilitate the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Managing neuroinflammation to restore immune homeostasis and decrease neuronal damage is a therapeutic approach for AD. One way to achieve this is through exercise, which can improve brain function and protect against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction in AD models. The neuroprotective impact of exercise is regulated by various molecular factors that can be activated in the same way as exercise by the administration of their mimetics. Recent evidence has proven some exercise mimetics effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and AD, and, additionally, they are a helpful alternative option for patients who are unable to perform regular physical exercise to manage neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on exercise mimetics, including their efficacy, regulatory mechanisms, progress, challenges, limitations, and future guidance for their application in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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23
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Ramadan AM, ElDeeb AM, Ramadan AA, Aleshmawy DM. Effect of combined Kinesiotaping and resistive exercise on muscle strength and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a randomized clinical trial. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:1. [PMID: 38221574 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) and its treatment affect women's tissue architecture and physiology, which leads to impaired muscle strength and joint dysfunction, affecting quality of life (QOL). Most evidence has focused on exercises; however, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of patients' rehabilitation needs, further research is required to investigate more adjunctive methods to help optimal rehabilitation according to patients' needs, preferences, and effective interventions. METHODS This study aimed to determine the effect of Kinesiotaping (KT) combined with resistive exercise on muscle strength and QOL in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Forty premenopausal BCS treated with chemotherapy postmastectomy participated in this study. Their age ranged from 40 to 55 years, and their body mass index (BMI) was 25-29.9 kg/m2. They were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The control group received resistive exercise two times/week for 12 weeks, while the study group received resistive exercise and KT applied to the lower limbs. Hip, knee, and ankle muscle strength were measured using a hand-held dynamometer, and QOL was evaluated using 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) before and after treatment. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001) in the strength of hip flexors, knee extensors, flexors, ankle plantar flexors, and dorsiflexors, as well as SF-36 score after treatment. However, the study group showed a more significant increase in strength of hip flexors (p = 0.005), knee extensors (p = 0.01) and flexors (p = 0.02), ankle plantar flexors (p = 0.01), and dorsiflexors (p = 0.01), as well as SF-36 score (p = 0.006) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS KT plus resistive exercise is more effective than exercise alone for improving muscle strength and QOL in BCS. So, the KT can be recommended as a non-invasive, adjunctive method added to the protocol therapy for BCS to help better outcomes during the rehabilitation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Ramadan
- Department of Physical Therapy for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer M ElDeeb
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Ramadan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Dina M Aleshmawy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Robberechts R, Poffé C. Defining ketone supplementation: the evolving evidence for postexercise ketone supplementation to improve recovery and adaptation to exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C143-C160. [PMID: 37982172 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00485.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of ketone supplements to improve athletic performance. These ketone supplements transiently elevate the concentrations of the ketone bodies acetoacetate (AcAc) and d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in the circulation. Early studies showed that ketone bodies can improve energetic efficiency in striated muscle compared with glucose oxidation and induce a glycogen-sparing effect during exercise. As such, most research has focused on the potential of ketone supplementation to improve athletic performance via ingestion of ketones immediately before or during exercise. However, subsequent studies generally observed no performance improvement, and particularly not under conditions that are relevant for most athletes. However, more and more studies are reporting beneficial effects when ketones are ingested after exercise. As such, the real potential of ketone supplementation may rather be in their ability to enhance postexercise recovery and training adaptations. For instance, recent studies observed that postexercise ketone supplementation (PEKS) blunts the development of overtraining symptoms, and improves sleep, muscle anabolic signaling, circulating erythropoietin levels, and skeletal muscle angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art about the impact of PEKS on aspects of exercise recovery and training adaptation, which is not only relevant for athletes but also in multiple clinical conditions. In addition, we highlight the underlying mechanisms by which PEKS may improve exercise recovery and training adaptation. This includes epigenetic effects, signaling via receptors, modulation of neurotransmitters, energy metabolism, and oxidative and anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Robberechts
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiel Poffé
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Tansathitaya V, Sarasin W, Phakham T, Sawaswong V, Chanchaem P, Payungporn S. Exercise Alters FBF1-Regulated Novel-miRNA-1135 Associated with Hydrolethalus Syndrome 1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Preliminary Study. Microrna 2024; 13:225-232. [PMID: 38963098 DOI: 10.2174/0122115366294831240606115216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrolethalus Syndrome 1 (HYDS1) is a rare disorder that occurs commonly in Finnish infants but originates from the mother. This autosomal recessive syndrome is associated with the FBF1, which is usually expressed in the centriole. The FBF1 is an inheritable arthritis disease phenotype that includes rheumatoid arthritis. Several studies have investigated males with FBF1 mutation carriers also related to arthritis diseases, including those under rheumatoid arthritis conditions, which revealed the possibility of conferring the gene mutation to the next generation of offspring. Nonetheless, there are some complications of FBF1 mutation with target miRNAs that can be affected by exercise. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the different exercises that can be utilized to suppress the FBF1 mutation targeted by Novel-rno-miRNAs-1135 as a biomarker and assess the effectiveness of exercise in mitigating the FBF1 mutation. METHODS Four exercise interventional groups were divided into exercise and non-exercise groups. One hundred microliter pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) was injected at the dorsal region of the tails of rodents and introduced to the two PIA interventional groups. On day fortyfive, all animals were euthanized, and total RNA was extracted from the blood samples of rodents, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was amplified by using 5-7 primers. Computerization was used for miRNA regulation and analysis of target gene candidates. RESULTS The novel-rno-miRNA-1135 was downregulated to FBF1 in exercise groups. The exercise was found to have no significant impact in terms of change in novel-rno-miRNA-1135 regulation of FBF1 expression. CONCLUSION Exercise has no impact on novel-rno-miRNA-1135 targeted for FBF1 in autosomal recessive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimolmas Tansathitaya
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Thailand
| | - Witchana Sarasin
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapati Phakham
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Research Unit for Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Research Unit for Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Research Unit for Systems Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Liu K, Chai L, Zhao T, Zhang S, Wang J, Yu Y, Niu R, Sun Z. Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Liver Apoptosis in Fluoride-Exposed Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5734-5746. [PMID: 36884125 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by excessive fluoride (F) exposure has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. Chronic fluorosis can result in liver apoptosis. Meanwhile, moderate exercise alleviates apoptosis caused by pathological factors. However, the effect of moderate exercise on F-induced liver apoptosis remains unclear. In this research, sixty-four three-week-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, half male and half female, were randomly divided into four groups: control group (distilled water); exercise group (distilled water and treadmill exercise); F group [100 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF)]; and exercise plus F group (100 mg/L NaF and treadmill exercise). The liver tissues of mice were taken at 3 months and 6 months, respectively. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) results showed that nuclear condensation and apoptotic hepatocytes occurred in the F group. However, this phenomenon could be reversed with the intervention of treadmill exercise. The results of QRT-PCR and western blot displayed NaF- induced apoptosis via tumor necrosis factor recpter 1 (TNFR1) signaling pathway, while treadmill exercise could restore the molecular changes caused by excessive NaF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Chai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Taotao Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Shaosan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanghuan Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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27
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Bagon BB, Lee J, Matienzo ME, Lim S, Park JI, Kang S, Kim K, Lee CM, Moon C, Kim DI, Park MJ. AAV-mediated skeletal muscle specific irisin expression does not contribute to weight loss in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:111-117. [PMID: 37806248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease, significantly increases the risk of various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Exercise is crucial for weight management not only through energy expenditure by muscle activity but also through stimulating the secretion of myokines, which affect various tissues. Irisin, derived from the proteolytic processing of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (Fndc5), is a well-studied myokine with beneficial effects on metabolism. This study explored the feasibility of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated Fndc5 gene therapy to treat obesity in a mouse model using the AAV-DIO system to express Fndc5 specifically in skeletal muscle, and investigated its anti-obesity effect. Although Fndc5 was specifically expressed in the muscle, no significant impact on body weight under normal chow or high-fat diets was observed, and no change in thermogenic gene expression in inguinal white adipose tissue was detected. Notably, Fndc5 transduction did affect bone metabolism, consistent with previous reports. These findings suggest that AAV-mediated Fndc5 gene therapy may not be an efficient strategy for obesity, contrary to our expectations. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in irisin's role in obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangyi Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61751, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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28
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Jia D, Tian Z, Wang R. Exercise mitigates age-related metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102087. [PMID: 37832607 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of regular physical activity are related to delaying and reversing the onset of ageing and age-related disorders, including cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of the benefits of exercise or physical activity on ageing and age-related disorders remain poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of ageing and age-related metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial health is an important mediator of cellular function. Therefore, exercise alleviates metabolic diseases in individuals with advancing ageing and age-related diseases by the remarkable promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Exerkines are identified as signaling moieties released in response to exercise. Exerkines released by exercise have potential roles in improving mitochondrial dysfunction in response to age-related disorders. This review comprehensive summarizes the benefits of exercise in metabolic diseases, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the onset of age-related diseases. Using relevant examples utilizing this approach, the possibility of designing therapeutic interventions based on these molecular mechanisms is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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29
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Lisi V, Senesi G, Balbi C. Converging protective pathways: Exploring the linkage between physical exercise, extracellular vesicles and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:718-727. [PMID: 37739138 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical Exercise (EXR) has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on various systems in the human body. It leads to a decrease in the risk of mortality from chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic and central nervous system disorders. EXR results in improving cardiovascular fitness, cognitive function, immune activity, endocrine action, and musculoskeletal health. These positive effects make EXR a valuable intervention for promoting overall health and well-being in individuals of all ages. These beneficial effects are partially mediated by the role of the regular EXR in the adaptation to redox homeostasis counteracting the sudden increase of ROS, the hallmark of many chronic diseases. EXR can trigger the release of numerous humoral factors, e.g. protein, microRNA (miRs), and DNA, that can be shuttled as cargo of Extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs show different cargo modification after oxidative stress stimuli as well as after EXR. In this review, we aim to highlight the main studies on the role of EVs released during EXR and oxidative stress conditions in enhancing the antioxidant enzymes pathway and in the decrease of oxidative stress environment mediated by their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Senesi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Halle JL, Counts BR, Zhang Q, James KM, Puppa MJ, Alway SE, Carson JA. Mouse skeletal muscle adaptations to different durations of treadmill exercise after the cessation of FOLFOX chemotherapy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1283674. [PMID: 38028800 PMCID: PMC10648895 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1283674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) chemotherapy is a treatment for colorectal cancer that can induce persistent fatigue and metabolic dysfunction. Regular exercise after chemotherapy cessation is widely recommended for cancer patients and has been shown to improve fatigue resistance in mice. However, gaps remain in understanding whether the early systemic and skeletal muscle adaptations to regular exercise are altered by prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore, the effects of exercise duration on early metabolic and skeletal muscle transcriptional adaptations are not fully established. Purpose: Investigate the effects of prior FOLFOX chemotherapy treatment on the early adaptations to repeated short- or long-duration treadmill exercise, including the fasting regulation of circulating metabolic regulators, skeletal muscle COXIV activity and myokine/exerkine gene expression in male mice. Methods: Male C57BL6/J mice completed 4 cycles of FOLFOX or PBS and were allowed to recover for 4-weeks. Subsets of mice performed 14 sessions (6 d/wk, 18 m/min, 5% grade) of short- (10 min/d) or long-duration (55 min/d) treadmill exercise. Blood plasma and muscle tissues were collected 48-72 h after the last exercise bout for biochemical analyses. Results: Long-duration exercise increased fasting plasma osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6 in healthy PBS mice, and these changes were ablated by prior FOLFOX treatment. Slow-oxidative soleus muscle COXIV activity increased in response to long-duration exercise in PBS mice, which was blocked by prior FOLFOX treatment. Fast-glycolytic plantaris muscle COXIV activity increased with short-duration exercise independent of FOLFOX administration. There was a main effect for long-duration exercise to increase fasting muscle IL-6 and COXIV mRNA expression independent of FOLFOX. FOLFOX administration reduced muscle IL-6, LIF, and BDNF mRNA expression irrespective of long-duration exercise. Interestingly, short-duration exercise suppressed the FOLXOX induction of muscle myostatin mRNA expression. Conclusion: FOLFOX attenuated early exercise adaptations related to fasting circulating osteocalcin, LIF, and IL-6. However, prior FOLFOX treatment did not alter the exercise adaptations of plantaris muscle COXIV activity and plasma adiponectin. An improved understanding of mechanisms underlying exercise adaptations after chemotherapy will provide the basis for successfully treating fatigue and metabolic dysfunction in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Halle
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kylie M. James
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Melissa J. Puppa
- The University of Memphis, College of Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Pacak CA, Suzuki-Hatano S, Khadir F, Daugherty AL, Sriramvenugopal M, Gosiker BJ, Kang PB, Cade WT. One episode of low intensity aerobic exercise prior to systemic AAV9 administration augments transgene delivery to the heart and skeletal muscle. J Transl Med 2023; 21:748. [PMID: 37875924 PMCID: PMC10598899 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The promising potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery strategies to treat genetic disorders continues to grow with an additional three AAV-based therapies recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and dozens of others currently under evaluation in clinical trials. With these developments, it has become increasingly apparent that the high doses currently needed for efficacy carry risks of toxicity and entail enormous manufacturing costs, especially for clinical grade products. Strategies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of AAV-mediated gene delivery and reduce the minimal effective dose would have a substantial impact on this field. We hypothesized that an exercise-induced redistribution of tissue perfusion in the body to favor specific target organs via acute aerobic exercise prior to systemic intravenous (IV) AAV administration could increase efficacy. BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise triggers an array of downstream physiological effects including increased perfusion of heart and skeletal muscle, which we expected could enhance AAV transduction. Prior preclinical studies have shown promising results for a gene therapy approach to treat Barth syndrome (BTHS), a rare monogenic cardioskeletal myopathy, and clinical studies have shown the benefit of low intensity exercise in these patients, making this a suitable disease in which to test the ability of aerobic exercise to enhance AAV transduction. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and BTHS mice were either systemically administered AAV9 or completed one episode of low intensity treadmill exercise immediately prior to systemic administration of AAV9. RESULTS We demonstrate that a single episode of acute low intensity aerobic exercise immediately prior to IV AAV9 administration improves marker transgene delivery in WT mice as compared to mice injected without the exercise pre-treatment. In BTHS mice, prior exercise improved transgene delivery and additionally increased improvement in mitochondrial gene transcription levels and mitochondrial function in the heart and gastrocnemius muscles as compared to mice treated without exercise. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that one episode of acute low intensity aerobic exercise improves AAV9 transduction of heart and skeletal muscle. This low-risk, cost effective intervention could be implemented in clinical trials of individuals with inherited cardioskeletal disease as a potential means of improving patient safety for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Pacak
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khadir
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Audrey L Daugherty
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Bennett J Gosiker
- College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Peter B Kang
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - William Todd Cade
- Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 311 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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32
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Smith ENL, Chandanathil M, Millis RM. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Obesity: Broadening Our Understanding of the Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e47875. [PMID: 37899888 PMCID: PMC10612994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Now recognized as more than just the result of overeating or the consumption of poor-quality foods, obesity is understood to be a multifactorial disease, strongly correlated with a variety of environment-gene interactions. In addressing the complex public health issue of obesity, medical practitioners, along with their allied healthcare counterparts, face the challenge of reducing its prevalence by utilizing and sharing with patients the current, yet incomplete, scientific knowledge concerning the disease. While continued research is required to strengthen direct cause-effect relationships, substantial evidence links post-translational modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications of several candidate "obesity" genes to the predilection for obesity. Additional evidence supports the influence of maternal diet during the gestational period, individual diet, and other lifestyle and genetic factors in obesity. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current information concerning epigenetic modifications that appear to support, or result from, the development of obesity. Such mechanisms may serve as therapeutic targets for developing novel prevention and/or treatment strategies for obesity or as epigenetic biomarkers for monitoring recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N L Smith
- Graduate Studies, American University of Antigua, St. Johns, ATG
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Mi MY, Barber JL, Rao P, Farrell LA, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE. Plasma Proteomic Kinetics in Response to Acute Exercise. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100601. [PMID: 37343698 PMCID: PMC10460691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has many favorable effects on human health, which may be mediated in part by the release of circulating bioactive factors during each bout of exercise. Limited data exist regarding the kinetic responses of plasma proteins during and after acute exercise. Proteomic profiling of 4163 proteins was performed using a large-scale, affinity-based platform in 75 middle-aged adults who were referred for treadmill exercise stress testing. Plasma proteins were quantified at baseline, peak exercise, and 1-h postexercise, and those with significant changes at both exercise timepoints were further examined for their associations with cardiometabolic traits and change with aerobic exercise training in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics Family Study, a 20-week exercise intervention study. A total of 765 proteins changed (false discovery rate < 0.05) at peak exercise compared to baseline, and 128 proteins changed (false discovery rate < 0.05) at 1-h postexercise. The 56 proteins that changed at both timepoints included midkine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, metalloproteinase inhibitor 4, and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 126 and were enriched for secreted proteins. The majority had concordant direction of change at both timepoints. Across all proteins assayed, gene set enrichment analysis showed increased abundance of coagulation-related proteins at 1-h postexercise. Forty-five proteins were associated with at least one measure of adiposity, lipids, glucose homeostasis, or cardiorespiratory fitness in Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics Family Study, and 20 proteins changed with aerobic exercise training. We identified hundreds of novel proteins that change during acute exercise, most of which resolved by 1 h into recovery. Proteins with sustained changes during exercise and recovery may be of particular interest as circulating biomarkers and pathways for further investigation in cardiometabolic diseases. These data will contribute to a biochemical roadmap of acute exercise that will be publicly available for the entire scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Mi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Jacob L Barber
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie A Farrell
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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de Lange P, Lombardi A, Silvestri E, Cioffi F, Giacco A, Iervolino S, Petito G, Senese R, Lanni A, Moreno M. Physiological Approaches Targeting Cellular and Mitochondrial Pathways Underlying Adipose Organ Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11676. [PMID: 37511435 PMCID: PMC10380998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ is involved in many metabolic functions, ranging from the production of endocrine factors to the regulation of thermogenic processes. Aging is a natural process that affects the physiology of the adipose organ, leading to metabolic disorders, thus strongly impacting healthy aging. Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. In the various aging fat depots, senescence involves a multiplicity of cell types, including mature adipocytes and immune, endothelial, and progenitor cells that are aging, highlighting their involvement in the loss of metabolic flexibility, one of the common features of aging-related metabolic disorders. Since mitochondrial stress represents a key trigger of cellular senescence, and senescence leads to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria with impaired dynamics and hindered homeostasis, this review focuses on the beneficial potential of targeting mitochondria, so that strategies can be developed to manage adipose tissue senescence for the treatment of age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter de Lange
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Stefania Iervolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81130 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, via De Sanctis snc, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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Wei W, Riley NM, Lyu X, Shen X, Guo J, Raun SH, Zhao M, Moya-Garzon MD, Basu H, Sheng-Hwa Tung A, Li VL, Huang W, Wiggenhorn AL, Svensson KJ, Snyder MP, Bertozzi CR, Long JZ. Organism-wide, cell-type-specific secretome mapping of exercise training in mice. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1261-1279.e11. [PMID: 37141889 PMCID: PMC10524249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant interest in identifying blood-borne factors that mediate tissue crosstalk and function as molecular effectors of physical activity. Although past studies have focused on an individual molecule or cell type, the organism-wide secretome response to physical activity has not been evaluated. Here, we use a cell-type-specific proteomic approach to generate a 21-cell-type, 10-tissue map of exercise training-regulated secretomes in mice. Our dataset identifies >200 exercise training-regulated cell-type-secreted protein pairs, the majority of which have not been previously reported. Pdgfra-cre-labeled secretomes were the most responsive to exercise training. Finally, we show anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and exercise performance-enhancing activities for proteoforms of intracellular carboxylesterases whose secretion from the liver is induced by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaotao Shen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Himanish Basu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wentao Huang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Vertyshev AY, Akberdin IR, Kolpakov FA. Numerous Trigger-like Interactions of Kinases/Protein Phosphatases in Human Skeletal Muscles Can Underlie Transient Processes in Activation of Signaling Pathways during Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11223. [PMID: 37446402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing physical training regimens to increase muscle aerobic capacity requires an understanding of the internal processes that occur during exercise that initiate subsequent adaptation. During exercise, muscle cells undergo a series of metabolic events that trigger downstream signaling pathways and induce the expression of many genes in working muscle fibers. There are a number of studies that show the dependence of changes in the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), one of the mediators of cellular signaling pathways, on the duration and intensity of single exercises. The activity of various AMPK isoforms can change in different directions, increasing for some isoforms and decreasing for others, depending on the intensity and duration of the load. This review summarizes research data on changes in the activity of AMPK, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and other components of the signaling pathways in skeletal muscles during exercise. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the observed changes in AMPK activity may be largely related to metabolic and signaling transients rather than exercise intensity per se. Probably, the main events associated with these transients occur at the beginning of the exercise in a time window of about 1-10 min. We hypothesize that these transients may be partly due to putative trigger-like kinase/protein phosphatase interactions regulated by feedback loops. In addition, numerous dynamically changing factors, such as [Ca2+], metabolite concentration, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), can shift the switching thresholds and change the states of these triggers, thereby affecting the activity of kinases (in particular, AMPK and CaMKII) and phosphatases. The review considers the putative molecular mechanisms underlying trigger-like interactions. The proposed hypothesis allows for a reinterpretation of the experimental data available in the literature as well as the generation of ideas to optimize future training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya R Akberdin
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fedor A Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Biosoft.Ru, Ltd., 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Félix-Soriano E, Stanford KI. Exerkines and redox homeostasis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102748. [PMID: 37247469 PMCID: PMC10236471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise physiology has gained increasing interest due to its wide effects to promote health. Recent years have seen a growth in this research field also due to the finding of several circulating factors that mediate the effects of exercise. These factors, termed exerkines, are metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines secreted by main metabolic organs during exercise to regulate exercise systemic and tissue-specific effects. The metabolic effects of exerkines have been broadly explored and entail a promising target to modulate beneficial effects of exercise in health and disease. However, exerkines also have broad effects to modulate redox signaling and homeostasis in several cellular processes to improve stress response. Since redox biology is central to exercise physiology, this review summarizes current evidence for the cross-talk between redox biology and exerkines actions. The role of exerkines in redox biology entails a response to oxidative stress-induced pathological cues to improve health outcomes and to modulate exercise adaptations that integrate redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Kang JS, Kim MJ, Kwon ES, Lee KP, Kim C, Kwon KS, Yang YR. Identification of novel genes associated with exercise and calorie restriction effects in skeletal muscle. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:204793. [PMID: 37310402 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise and caloric restriction (CR) significantly increase longevity across a range of species and delay aging-related losses in organ function. Although both interventions enhance skeletal muscle function, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. We sought to identify genes regulated by CR and exercise in muscle, and investigate their relationship with muscle function. To do this, expression profiles of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets obtained from the muscle tissue of calorie-restricted male primates and young men post-exercise were analyzed. There were seven transcripts (ADAMTS1, CPEB4, EGR2, IRS2, NR4A1, PYGO1, and ZBTB43) that were consistently upregulated by both CR and exercise training. We used C2C12 murine myoblasts to investigate the effect of silencing these genes on myogenesis, mitochondrial respiration, autophagy, and insulin signaling, all of which are processes affected by CR and exercise. Our results show that in C2C12 cells, Irs2 and Nr4a1 expression were critical for myogenesis, and five genes (Egr2, Irs2, Nr4a1, Pygo1, and ZBTB43) regulated mitochondrial respiration while having no effect on autophagy. Cpeb4 knockdown increased the expression of genes involved in muscle atrophy and induced myotube atrophy. These findings suggest new resources for studying the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and calorie restriction on skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sook Kang
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kwon
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bimolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Aventi Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuna Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bimolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bimolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Aventi Inc., Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bimolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Li G, Liu C, Guan J, Zhang Y, Shi Z. Comparing the efficacy of different types of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1199510. [PMID: 37333923 PMCID: PMC10272399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression disorder is the most commonly diagnosed type of mental illness among youths. Although a plethora of evidence suggests a positive relationship between exercise and lower levels of depression in youths, the findings regarding the variation in magnitude of this relationship are inconclusive with respect to the preventive and therapeutic effects of different types of exercise. This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the best type of exercise for the treatment and prevention of depression in youths. Methods A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsychINFO, ProQuest, Wanfang, and CNKI, was conducted to identify relevant research on exercise interventions for depression in youth populations. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.4 according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 Methodological Quality Evaluation Criteria. The network meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of all concerned outcomes. The node-splitting method was used to test the local inconsistency of the network meta-analysis. Funnel plots were used to evaluate the potential impact of bias in this study. Result Utilizing data extracted from 58 studies (10 countries, 4,887 participants), we found that for depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.98, 95% CI [-1.50, -0.45]). For non-depressed youths, exercise is significantly better than usual care in reducing anxiety (SMD = -0.47, 95% CI [ -0.66, -0.29]). In the treatment of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.30, 95% CI [ -1.96, -0.64]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI [-1.10 -0.72]), mixed exercise (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI [-0.99, -0.35]), and mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.38]) all showed significant efficacy over usual care. For the prevention of depression, resistance exercise (SMD = -1.18, 95% CI [-1.65, -0.71]), aerobic exercise (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-0.98, -0.47]), mind-body exercise (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI [-0.93, -0.26]), and mixed exercise (SMD = -1.06, 95% CI [-1.37 to -0.75]) were all significantly effective compared to usual care. According to the test of the surface under the cumulative ranking score (SUCRA), the ranking of exercises for the treatment of depression in depressed youths is as follows: resistance exercise (94.9%) > aerobic exercise (75.1%) > mixed exercise (43.8%) > mind-body exercise (36.2%) > usual care (0%). For the prevention of depression in non-depressed youths, resistance exercise (90.3%) > mixed exercise (81.6%) > aerobic exercise (45.5%) > mind-body exercise (32.6%) > usual care (0%). Resistance exercise thus had the best comprehensive effect on both the treatment and prevention of depression in youths (clusterank value = 1914.04). Subgroup analyses show that a frequency of 3-4 times per week, a duration of 30-60 min, and a length of more than 6 weeks were found to be the most effective interventions for depression (P > 0.001). Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that exercise is a viable intervention for improving depression and anxiety in young individuals. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate type of exercise to optimize treatment and prevention. Specifically, the results suggest that resistance exercise, performed 3-4 times per week, with sessions lasting 30-60 min and a length of more than 6 weeks, yields optimal results for the treatment and prevention of depression in young individuals. These findings have significant implications for clinical practice, particularly given the challenges associated with implementing effective interventions and the economic burden of treating and preventing depression in young people. However, it is worth noting that additional head-to-head studies are necessary to confirm these findings and strengthen the evidence base. Nevertheless, this study provides valuable insights into the role of exercise as a potential treatment and preventative measure for depression in young people. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=374154, identifier: 374154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Li
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengzhen Liu
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinliang Guan
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuantong Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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40
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Robbins JM, Gerszten RE. Exercise, exerkines, and cardiometabolic health: from individual players to a team sport. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168121. [PMID: 37259917 PMCID: PMC10231996 DOI: 10.1172/jci168121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise confers numerous salutary effects that extend beyond individual organ systems to provide systemic health benefits. Here, we discuss the role of exercise in cardiovascular health. We summarize major findings from human exercise studies in cardiometabolic disease. We next describe our current understanding of cardiac-specific substrate metabolism that occurs with acute exercise and in response to exercise training. We subsequently focus on exercise-stimulated circulating biochemicals ("exerkines") as a paradigm for understanding the global health circuitry of exercise, and discuss important concepts in this emerging field before highlighting exerkines relevant in cardiovascular health and disease. Finally, this Review identifies gaps that remain in the field of exercise science and opportunities that exist to translate biologic insights into human health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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41
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Turkel I, Ozerklig B, Yılmaz M, Ulger O, Kubat GB, Tuncer M. Mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic option for sarcopenia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023:10.1007/s00109-023-02326-3. [PMID: 37209146 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With advancing age, the skeletal muscle phenotype is characterized by a progressive loss of mass, strength, and quality. This phenomenon, known as sarcopenia, has a negative impact on quality of life and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Accumulating evidence suggests that damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Lifestyle modifications, such as physical activity, exercise, and nutrition, as well as medical interventions with therapeutic agents, are effective in the management of sarcopenia and offer solutions to maintain and improve skeletal muscle health. Although a great deal of effort has been devoted to the identification of the best treatment option, these strategies are not sufficient to overcome sarcopenia. Recently, it has been reported that mitochondrial transplantation may be a possible therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondria-related pathological conditions such as ischemia, liver toxicity, kidney injury, cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the role of mitochondria in the function and metabolism of skeletal muscle, mitochondrial transplantation may be a possible option for the treatment of sarcopenia. In this review, we summarize the definition and characteristics of sarcopenia and molecular mechanisms associated with mitochondria that are known to contribute to sarcopenia. We also discuss mitochondrial transplantation as a possible option. Despite the progress made in the field of mitochondrial transplantation, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of mitochondrial transplantation in sarcopenia. KEY MESSAGES: Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality. Although the specific mechanisms that lead to sarcopenia are not fully understood, mitochondria have been identified as a key factor in the development of sarcopenia. Damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria initiate various cellular mediators and signaling pathways, which largely contribute to the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial transplantation has been reported to be a possible option for the treatment/prevention of several diseases. Mitochondrial transplantation may be a possible therapeutic option for improving skeletal muscle health and treating sarcopenia. Mitochondrial transplantation as a possible treatment option for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Sport Sciences and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Sport Sciences and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Health Sciences Institute, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Division of Sport Sciences and Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Health Sciences Institute, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lisi V, Moulton C, Fantini C, Grazioli E, Guidotti F, Sgrò P, Dimauro I, Capranica L, Parisi A, Di Luigi L, Caporossi D. Steady-state redox status in circulating extracellular vesicles: A proof-of-principle study on the role of fitness level and short-term aerobic training in healthy young males. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 204:266-275. [PMID: 37182793 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Considering the role of redox homeostasis in exercise-induced signaling and adaptation, this study focuses on the exercise training-related intercellular communication of redox status mediated by circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). 19 healthy young males were divided into trained (TG, 7) and untrained (UG, 12) subjects based on their VO2MAX. The UG subjects were further randomly distributed in experimental (UGEX, N = 7) and control (UGCTRL, N = 5) groups. The steady state of plasma EVs in TG and UGEX have been characterized for total number and size, as well as cargo redox status (antioxidants, transcription factors, HSPs) before, 3 and 24 h after a single bout of aerobic exercise (30', 70% HRM). Plasma EVs from UGEX and UGCTRL have been further characterized after 24 h from the last session of a 5-day consecutive aerobic training or no training, respectively. No differences were detected in the EVs' size and distribution at baseline in TG and UGEX (p>0.05), while the EVs cargo of UGEX showed a significantly higher concentration of protein carbonyl, Catalase, SOD2, and HSF1 compared to TG (p<0.05). 5 days of consecutive aerobic training in UGEX did not determine major changes in the steady-state number and size of EVs. The post-training levels of protein carbonyl, HSF1, Catalase, and SOD2 in EVs cargo of UGEX resulted significantly lower compared with UGEX before training and UGCTRL, resembling the steady-state levels in circulating EVs of TG subjects. Altogether, these preliminary data indicate that individual aerobic capacity influences the redox status of circulating EVs, and that short-term aerobic training impacts the steady-state redox status of EVs. Taking this pilot study as a paradigm for physio-pathological stimuli impacting redox homeostasis, our results offer new insights into the utilization of circulating EVs as biomarkers of exercise efficacy and of early impairment of oxidative-stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lisi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Chantalle Moulton
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Elisa Grazioli
- Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Guidotti
- Sport Performance Laboratory, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Laura Capranica
- Sport Performance Laboratory, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy.
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Liu X, Yang Y, Shao H, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Globular adiponectin ameliorates insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by enhancing the LKB1-mediated AMPK activation via SESN2. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:34-41. [PMID: 36994173 PMCID: PMC10040333 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin has been demonstrated to be a mediator of insulin sensitivity; however, the underlined mechanisms remain unclear. SESN2 is a stress-inducible protein that phosphorylates AMPK in different tissues. In this study, we aimed to validate the amelioration of insulin resistance by globular adiponectin (gAd) and to reveal the role of SESN2 in the improvement of glucose metabolism by gAd. We used a high-fat diet-induced wild-type and SESN2-/- C57BL/6J insulin resistance mice model to study the effects of six-week aerobic exercise or gAd administration on insulin resistance. In vitro study, C2C12 myotubes were used to determine the potential mechanism by overexpressing or inhibiting SESN2. Similar to exercise, six-week gAd administration decreased fasting glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels, reduced lipid deposition in skeletal muscle and reversed whole-body insulin resistance in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Moreover, gAd enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake by activating insulin signaling. However, these effects were diminished in SESN2-/- mice. We found that gAd administration increased the expression of SESN2 and Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and increased AMPK-T172 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of wild-type mice, while in SESN2-/- mice, LKB1 expression was also increased but the pAMPK-T172 was unchanged. At the cellular level, gAd increased cellular SESN2 and pAMPK-T172 expression. Immunoprecipitation experiment suggested that SESN2 promoted the formation of complexes of AMPK and LKB1 and hence phosphorylated AMPK. In conclusion, our results revealed that SESN2 played a critical role in gAd-induced AMPK phosphorylation, activation of insulin signaling and skeletal muscle insulin sensitization in mice with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Single and Joined Behaviour of Circulating Biomarkers and Metabolic Parameters in High-Fit and Low-Fit Healthy Females. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044202. [PMID: 36835625 PMCID: PMC9960642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important in the assessment of health and disease, but are poorly studied in still healthy individuals with a (potential) different risk for metabolic disease. This study investigated, first, how single biomarkers and metabolic parameters, functional biomarker and metabolic parameter categories, and total biomarker and metabolic parameter profiles behave in young healthy female adults of different aerobic fitness and, second, how these biomarkers and metabolic parameters are affected by recent exercise in these healthy individuals. A total of 102 biomarkers and metabolic parameters were analysed in serum or plasma samples from 30 young, healthy, female adults divided into a high-fit (V̇O2peak ≥ 47 mL/kg/min, N = 15) and a low-fit (V̇O2peak ≤ 37 mL/kg/min, N = 15) group, at baseline and overnight after a single bout of exercise (60 min, 70% V̇O2peak). Our results show that total biomarker and metabolic parameter profiles were similar between high-fit and low-fit females. Recent exercise significantly affected several single biomarkers and metabolic parameters, mostly related to inflammation and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, functional biomarker and metabolic parameter categories corresponded to biomarker and metabolic parameter clusters generated via hierarchical clustering models. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the single and joined behavior of circulating biomarkers and metabolic parameters in healthy females, and identified functional biomarker and metabolic parameter categories that may be used for the characterisation of human health physiology.
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Guo M, Yao J, Li J, Zhang J, Wang D, Zuo H, Zhang Y, Xu B, Zhong Y, Shen F, Lu J, Ding S, Hu C, Xu L, Xiao J, Ma X. Irisin ameliorates age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:391-405. [PMID: 36510115 PMCID: PMC9891925 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated sarcopenia is characterized of progressed loss of skeletal muscle power, mass, and function, which affects human physical activity and life quality. Besides, accompanied with sarcopenia, aged population also faces a series of metabolic dysfunctions. Irisin, the cleaved form of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a myokine induced by exercise and has been shown to exert multiple beneficial effects on health. The goal of the study is to investigate the alterations of Fndc5/irisin in skeletal muscles during ageing and whether irisin administration could ameliorate age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction. METHODS The mRNA and protein levels of FNDC5/irisin in skeletal muscle and serum from 2- and 24-month-old mice or human subjects were analysed using qRT-PCR and western blot. FNDC5/irisin knockout mice were generated to investigate the consequences of FNDC5/irisin deletion on skeletal muscle mass, as well as morphological and molecular changes in muscle during ageing via histological and molecular analysis. To identify the therapeutic effects of chronic irisin treatment in mice during ageing, in vivo intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg recombinant irisin was performed three times per week in ageing mice (14-month-old) for 4 months or in aged mice (22-month-old) for 1 month to systematically investigate irisin's effects on age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic performances, including grip strength, body weights, body composition, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, serum parameters and phenotypical and molecular changes in fat and liver. RESULTS We showed that the expression levels of irisin, as well as its precursor Fndc5, were reduced at mRNA and protein expression levels in muscle during ageing. In addition, via phenotypic analysis of FNDC5/irisin knockout mice, we found that FNDC5/irisin deficiency in aged mice exhibited aggravated muscle atrophy including smaller grip strength (-3.23%, P < 0.05), muscle weights (quadriceps femoris [QU]: -20.05%; gastrocnemius [GAS]: -17.91%; tibialis anterior [TA]: -19.51%, all P < 0.05), fibre size (QU: P < 0.01) and worse molecular phenotypes compared with wild-type mice. We then delivered recombinant irisin protein intraperitoneally into ageing or aged mice and found that it could improve sarcopenia with grip strength (+18.42%, P < 0.01 or +13.88%, P < 0.01), muscle weights (QU: +9.02%, P < 0.01 or +16.39%, P < 0.05), fibre size (QU: both P < 0.05) and molecular phenotypes and alleviated age-associated fat tissues expansion, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis (all P < 0.05), accompanied with altered gene signatures. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study revealed the importance of irisin in the maintenance of muscle physiology and systematic energy homeostasis during ageing and suggested a potent therapeutic strategy against age-associated metabolic diseases via irisin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zuo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Xie L, Gou B, Bai S, Yang D, Zhang Z, Di X, Su C, Wang X, Wang K, Zhang J. Unsupervised cluster analysis reveals distinct subgroups in healthy population with different exercise responses of cardiorespiratory fitness. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:147-156. [PMID: 36688000 PMCID: PMC9827383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable attention has been paid to interindividual differences in the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) response to exercise. However, the complex multifactorial nature of CRF response variability poses a significant challenge to our understanding of this issue. We aimed to explore whether unsupervised clustering can take advantage of large amounts of clinical data and identify latent subgroups with different CRF exercise responses within a healthy population. Methods 252 healthy participants (99 men, 153 women; 36.8 ± 13.4 yr) completed moderate endurance training on 3 days/week for 4 months, with exercise intensity prescribed based on anaerobic threshold (AT). Detailed clinical measures, including resting vital signs, ECG, cardiorespiratory parameters, echocardiography, heart rate variability, spirometry and laboratory data, were obtained before and after the exercise intervention. Baseline phenotypic variables that were significantly correlated with CRF exercise response were identified and subjected to selection steps, leaving 10 minimally redundant variables, including age, BMI, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal heart rate, VO2 at AT as a percentage of VO2max, minute ventilation at AT, interventricular septal thickness of end-systole, E velocity, root mean square of heart rate variability, and hematocrit. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was performed on these variables to detect latent subgroups that may be associated with different CRF exercise responses. Results Unsupervised clustering revealed two mutually exclusive groups with distinct baseline phenotypes and CRF exercise responses. The two groups differed markedly in baseline characteristics, initial fitness, echocardiographic measurements, laboratory values, and heart rate variability parameters. A significant improvement in CRF following the 16-week endurance training, expressed by the absolute change in VO2max, was observed only in one of the two groups (3.42 ± 0.4 vs 0.58 ± 0.65 ml⋅kg-1∙min-1, P = 0.002). Assuming a minimal clinically important difference of 3.5 ml⋅kg-1∙min-1 in VO2max, the proportion of population response was 56.1% and 13.9% for group 1 and group 2, respectively (P<0.001). Although group 1 exhibited no significant improvement in CRF at group level, a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure (70.4 ± 7.8 vs 68.7 ± 7.2 mm Hg, P = 0.027) was observed. Conclusions Unsupervised learning based on dense phenotypic characteristics identified meaningful subgroups within a healthy population with different CRF responses following standardized aerobic training. Our model could serve as a useful tool for clinicians to develop personalized exercise prescriptions and optimize training effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bo Gou
- Department of Physical Activity and Public Health, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shuwen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaohui Di
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chunwang Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Public Health, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, 710068, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China,Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, China.
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Gevaert AB, Wood N, Boen JRA, Davos CH, Hansen D, Hanssen H, Krenning G, Moholdt T, Osto E, Paneni F, Pedretti RFE, Plösch T, Simonenko M, Bowen TS. Epigenetics in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: influence of exercise and nutrition. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2183-2199. [PMID: 35989414 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links changes in epigenetic systems, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression, to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These epigenetic modifications can change genetic function under influence of exogenous stimuli and can be transferred to next generations, providing a potential mechanism for inheritance of behavioural intervention effects. The benefits of exercise and nutritional interventions in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD are well established, but the mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we describe the acute and chronic epigenetic effects of physical activity and dietary changes. We propose exercise and nutrition as potential triggers of epigenetic signals, promoting the reshaping of transcriptional programmes with effects on CVD phenotypes. Finally, we highlight recent developments in epigenetic therapeutics with implications for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Gevaert
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathanael Wood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jente R A Boen
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR Department, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.T.228, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp 2610, Belgium
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium.,BIOMED-REVAL-Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elena Osto
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F E Pedretti
- Cardiovascular Department, IRCCS MultiMedica, Care and Research Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maria Simonenko
- Physiology Research and Blood Circulation Department, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test SRL, Federal State Budgetary Institution, 'V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Centre' of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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49
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Schmid S, Heim-Kupr B, Pérez-Schindler J, Mansingh S, Beer M, Mittal N, Ehrenfeuchter N, Handschin C. PGC-1β modulates catabolism and fiber atrophy in the fasting-response of specific skeletal muscle beds. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101643. [PMID: 36400401 PMCID: PMC9723918 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle is a pivotal organ for the coordination of systemic metabolism, constituting one of the largest storage site for glucose, lipids and amino acids. Tight temporal orchestration of protein breakdown in times of fasting has to be balanced with preservation of muscle mass and function. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the fasting response in muscle are poorly understood. METHODS We now have identified a role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) in the regulation of catabolic pathways in this context in muscle-specific loss-of-function mouse models. RESULTS Muscle-specific knockouts for PGC-1β experience mitigated muscle atrophy in fasting, linked to reduced expression of myostatin, atrogenes, activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and other energy deprivation signaling pathways. At least in part, the muscle fasting response is modulated by a negative effect of PGC-1β on the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATC1). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data highlight the complex regulation of muscle metabolism and reveal a new role for muscle PGC-1β in the control of proteostasis in fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenia Schmid
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Heim-Kupr
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shivani Mansingh
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Beer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Ma X, Shi H. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e181. [PMID: 36254250 PMCID: PMC9560750 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Hong Liu
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xue‐Lei Ma
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hua‐Shan Shi
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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