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Tian C, Wu T, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Li B, Han X, Li K, Hou C, Li Y, Wang H, Zhang Q. Air-Processed Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells With Full Lifecycle Management. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2411982. [PMID: 39460403 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite the outstanding power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) realized over the years, the entire lifecycle from preparation and operation to discarding of PSCs still needs to be carefully considered when it faces the upcoming large-scale production and deployment. In this study, bio-derived chitin-based polymers are employed to realize the full lifecycle regulation of air-processed PSCs by forming multiple coordinated and hydrogen bonds to stabilize the lead iodide and organic salt precursor inks, accelerating the solid-liquid reaction and crystallization of two-step deposition process, then achieving the high crystalline and oriented perovskites with less notorious charge defects in the open air. The air-prepared PSCs exhibit a decent efficiency of 25.18% with high preparation reproducibility and improved operational stability toward the harsh environment and mechanical stress stimuli. The modified PSCs display negligible fatigue behavior with keeping 92% of its initial efficiency after operating for 32 diurnal cycles (ISOS-LC-1 protocol). Meanwhile, closed-loop lead management of end-of-life PSCs including suppression of lead leakage, toxicity evaluation of broken devices, and recycling of lead iodide components are comprehensively investigated. This work sheds light on a promising avenue to realize the entire lifecycle regulation of air-processed efficient and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Center for Energy Systems Design (CESD), International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xinliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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Chen P, Xiao Y, Li S, Jia X, Luo D, Zhang W, Snaith HJ, Gong Q, Zhu R. The Promise and Challenges of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Chem Rev 2024; 124:10623-10700. [PMID: 39207782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an extensive focus on inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a p-i-n architecture due to their attractive advantages, such as exceptional stability, high efficiency, low cost, low-temperature processing, and compatibility with tandem architectures, leading to a surge in their development. Single-junction and perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) with an inverted architecture have achieved certified PCEs of 26.15% and 33.9% respectively, showing great promise for commercial applications. To expedite real-world applications, it is crucial to investigate the key challenges for further performance enhancement. We first introduce representative methods, such as composition engineering, additive engineering, solvent engineering, processing engineering, innovation of charge transporting layers, and interface engineering, for fabricating high-efficiency and stable inverted PSCs. We then delve into the reasons behind the excellent stability of inverted PSCs. Subsequently, we review recent advances in TSCs with inverted PSCs, including perovskite-Si TSCs, all-perovskite TSCs, and perovskite-organic TSCs. To achieve final commercial deployment, we present efforts related to scaling up, harvesting indoor light, economic assessment, and reducing environmental impacts. Lastly, we discuss the potential and challenges of inverted PSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Shunde Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaohan Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Deying Luo
- International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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3
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Ahn Y, Oh SM, Xia H, Kim D, Yang E, Yang HS, Lee BR, Kim J, Park SH. Single Layer of Crown Ether Enables Efficient, Stable, and Pb Leakage-Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50982-50989. [PMID: 39265156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Significant challenges in ensuring long-term stability, addressing environmental safety issues, and improving efficiency have hindered the commercialization of inverted Pb-based halide perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). One reasonable approach to addressing these issues is to place an effective buffer layer between the perovskite active layer and the electrode. In this study, we demonstrate the use of crown ether, di-tert-butyl dibenzo-18-crown-6, as a single buffer layer to improve the efficiency, long-term stability, and environmental safety of PeSCs for the first time. The crown ether buffer layer suppressed Ag diffusion from the Ag metal electrodes, thereby improving the performance and lifetime of the device. In addition, it effectively captures Pb ions that may leak into the environment during the whole lifetime of devices, thereby enhancing the environmental safety of PeSCs. Furthermore, PeSCs incorporating crown ethers as buffer layers demonstrated enhanced stability in a nitrogen atmosphere and achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 22.8%. Consequently, this crown ether buffer layer offers an effective and straightforward strategy capable of achieving efficient, stable, and environmentally safe PeSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoomi Ahn
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Oh
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Haicheng Xia
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Yang
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seock Yang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Heum Park
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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4
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Yang C, Hu W, Liu J, Han C, Gao Q, Mei A, Zhou Y, Guo F, Han H. Achievements, challenges, and future prospects for industrialization of perovskite solar cells. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:227. [PMID: 39227394 PMCID: PMC11372181 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
In just over a decade, certified single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) boast an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1%. Such outstanding performance makes it highly viable for further development. Here, we have meticulously outlined challenges that arose during the industrialization of PSCs and proposed their corresponding solutions based on extensive research. We discussed the main challenges in this field including technological limitations, multi-scenario applications, sustainable development, etc. Mature photovoltaic solutions provide the perovskite community with invaluable insights for overcoming the challenges of industrialization. In the upcoming stages of PSCs advancement, it has become evident that addressing the challenges concerning long-term stability and sustainability is paramount. In this manner, we can facilitate a more effective integration of PSCs into our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yang
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanzhou Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qiaojiao Gao
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Anyi Mei
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Fengwan Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Hongwei Han
- Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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5
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Wei Q, Zheng D, Liu L, Liu J, Du M, Peng L, Wang K, Liu S. Fusing Science with Industry: Perovskite Photovoltaics Moving Rapidly into Industrialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406295. [PMID: 38975994 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The organic-inorganic lead halide per materials have emerged as highly promising contenders in the field of photovoltaic technology, offering exceptional efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics hinges on successfully transitioning from lab-scale perovskite solar cells to large-scale perovskite solar modules (PSMs). However, the efficiency of PSMs significantly diminishes with increasing device area, impeding commercial viability. Central to achieving high-efficiency PSMs is fabricating uniform functional films and optimizing interfaces to minimize energy loss. This review sheds light on the path toward large-scale PSMs, emphasizing the pivotal role of integrating cutting-edge scientific research with industrial technology. By exploring scalable deposition techniques and optimization strategies, the advancements and challenges in fabricating large-area perovskite films are revealed. Subsequently, the architecture and contact materials of PSMs are delved while addressing pertinent interface issues. Crucially, efficiency loss during scale-up and stability risks encountered by PSMs is analyzed. Furthermore, the advancements in industrial efforts toward perovskite commercialization are highlighted, emphasizing the perspective of PSMs in revolutionizing renewable energy. By highlighting the scientific and technical challenges in developing PSMs, the importance of combining science and industry to drive their industrialization and pave the way for future advancements is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Dexu Zheng
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Jishuang Liu
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Minyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lei Peng
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Conversion and Utilization of Solar Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100089, China
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6
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Wang H, Zhu S, Sheng J, Gao F, Yang L, Hu X, Fernández-Martínez F, Lin L, You C, Xing D. Lead-rivet strategy of growing perovskite nanocrystals for excellent toxicity inhibition and spinning application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134796. [PMID: 38870851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite has demonstrated remarkable potential in the wearable field due to its exceptional photoelectric conversion capability. However, its lead toxicity issue has consistently been subject to criticism, significantly impeding its practical application. To address this challenge, an innovative approach called lead-rivet was proposed for the in-situ growth of perovskite crystalline structures. Through the formation of S-Pb bonds, each Pb2+ ion was firmly immobilized on the surface of the silica matrix, enabling in situ growth of perovskite nanocrystals via ion coordination between Cs+ and halide species. The robust S-Pb bonding effectively restricted the mobility of lead ions and stabilized the perovskite structure without relying on surface ligands, thereby not only preventing toxicity leakage but also providing a favorable interface for depositing protective shells. The obtained perovskites exhibit intense and narrow-band fluorescence with full-width at half-maximum less than 23 nm and show excellent stability to high temperature (above 202 °C) and high humidity (water immersion over 27 days), thus making it possible to be used in varies textile technologies including melt spinning and wet spinning. The lead leakage rate of particles is only 4.15 % demonstrating excellent toxicity inhibition performance. The prepared fibers maintained good extensibility and flexibility which could be used for 3D-printing and textiles weaving. Most importantly, the detected Pb2+ leaching was negligible as low as to 0.732 ppb which meet the standard of World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water (<10 ppb), and the cell survival rate remained 99.196 % for PLA fluorescent filament after 24 h cultivation which showing excellent safety to human body and environment. This study establishes a controllable and highly adaptable synthesis method, thereby providing a promising avenue for the safe utilization of perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shifeng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jiaoyue Sheng
- Qingdao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Feihong Gao
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xili Hu
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Francisco Fernández-Martínez
- Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering Department, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ronda de Valencia nº 3, 28012, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Longhui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China.
| | - Chaoyu You
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Chen CH, Cheng SN, Hu F, Su ZH, Wang KL, Cheng L, Chen J, Shi YR, Xia Y, Teng TY, Gao XY, Yavuz I, Lou YH, Wang ZK. Lead Isolation and Capture in Perovskite Photovoltaics toward Eco-Friendly Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403038. [PMID: 38724029 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developed rapidly in efficiency and stability in recent years, which can compete with silicon solar cells. However, an important obstacle to the commercialization of PSCs is the toxicity of lead ions (Pb2+) from water-soluble perovskites. The entry of free Pb2+ into organisms can cause severe harm to humans, such as blood lead poisoning, organ failure, etc. Therefore, this work reports a "lead isolation-capture" dual detoxification strategy with calcium disodium edetate (EDTA Na-Ca), which can inhibit lead leakage from PSCs under extreme conditions. More importantly, leaked lead exists in a nontoxic aggregation state chelated by EDTA. For the first time, in vivo experiments are conducted in mice to systematically prove that this material has a significant inhibitory effect on the toxicity of perovskites. In addition, this strategy can further enhance device performance, enabling the optimized devices to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.19%. This innovative strategy is a major breakthrough in the research on the prevention of lead toxicity in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shu-Ning Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhen-Huang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Kai-Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi-Ran Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian-Yu Teng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xing-Yu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Ziverbey, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Dipta SS, Christofferson AJ, Kumar PV, Kundi V, Hanif M, Tang J, Flores N, Kalantar‐Zadeh K, Uddin A, Rahim MA. Stable and Lead-Safe Polyphenol-Encapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403057. [PMID: 38889238 PMCID: PMC11336907 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit impressive power conversion efficiencies close to those of their silicon counterparts. However, they suffer from moisture instability and Pb safety concerns. Previous studies have endeavoured to address these issues independently, yielding minimal advancements. Here, a general nanoencapsulation platform using natural polyphenols is reported for Pb-halide PSCs that simultaneously addresses both challenges. The polyphenol-based encapsulant is solution-processable, inexpensive (≈1.6 USD m-2), and requires only 5 min for the entire process, highlighting its potential scalability. The encapsulated devices with a power conversion efficiency of 20.7% retained up to 80% of their peak performance for 2000 h and up to 70% for 7000 h. Under simulated rainfall conditions, the encapsulant rich in catechol groups captures the Pb ions released from the degraded perovskites via coordination, keeping the Pb levels within the safe drinking water threshold of 15 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriyar Safat Dipta
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | | | - Priyank V. Kumar
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Varun Kundi
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Nieves Flores
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Ashraf Uddin
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Md. Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)SydneyNew South Wales2052Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
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9
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Yue Y, Chai N, Li M, Zeng Z, Li S, Chen X, Zhou J, Wang H, Wang X. Ultrafast Photoexcitation Induced Passivation for Quasi-2D Perovskite Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407347. [PMID: 38857569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Quasi-2D perovskites exhibit great potential in photodetectors due to their exceptional optoelectronic responsivity and stability, compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the defects are detrimental to the responsivity, response speed, and stability of perovskite photodetectors. Herein, an ultrafast photoexcitation-induced passivation technique is proposed to synergistically reduce the dimensionality at the surface and induce oxygen doping in the bulk, via tuning the photoexcitation intensity. At the optimal photoexcitation level, the excited electrons and holes generate stretching force on the Pb─I bonds at the interlayered [PbI6]-, resulting in low dimensional perovskite formation, and the absorptive oxygen is combined with I vacancies at the same time. These two induced processes synergistically boost the carrier transport and interface contact performance. The most outstanding device exhibits a fast response speed with rise/decay time of 201/627 ns, with a peak responsivity/detectivity of 163 mA W-1/4.52 × 1010 Jones at 325 nm and the enhanced cycling stability. This work suggests the possibility of a new passivation technique for high performance 2D perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yue
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, 528216, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - NianYao Chai
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Li
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhongle Zeng
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Zhou
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Center of Femtosecond Laser Manufacturing for Advanced Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, 528216, P. R. China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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10
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Prince KJ, Mirletz HM, Gaulding EA, Wheeler LM, Kerner RA, Zheng X, Schelhas LT, Tracy P, Wolden CA, Berry JJ, Ovaitt S, Barnes TM, Luther JM. Sustainability pathways for perovskite photovoltaics. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01945-6. [PMID: 39043927 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Solar energy is the fastest-growing source of electricity generation globally. As deployment increases, photovoltaic (PV) panels need to be produced sustainably. Therefore, the resource utilization rate and the rate at which those resources become available in the environment must be in equilibrium while maintaining the well-being of people and nature. Metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors could revolutionize PV technology due to high efficiency, readily available/accessible materials and low-cost production. Here we outline how MHP-PV panels could scale a sustainable supply chain while appreciably contributing to a global renewable energy transition. We evaluate the critical material concerns, embodied energy, carbon impacts and circular supply chain processes of MHP-PVs. The research community is in an influential position to prioritize research efforts in reliability, recycling and remanufacturing to make MHP-PVs one of the most sustainable energy sources on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Prince
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Heather M Mirletz
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Advanced Energy Systems Graduate Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Ross A Kerner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | - Laura T Schelhas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Paul Tracy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Colin A Wolden
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Joseph J Berry
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), Boulder, CO, USA.
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11
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Tu S, Gang Y, Lin Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, Yu D, Li X. Triple Cross-Linking Engineering Strategies for Efficient and Stable Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310868. [PMID: 38368273 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Inverted flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) are promising for commercialization due to their low cost, lightweight, and excellent stability. However, enhancing fPSCs' power conversion efficiency and stability remains challenging. Here, an unprecedented triple cross-linking engineering strategy is innovatively exhibit for efficient and stable inverted fPSCs. First, a carefully designed cross-linker, 4-fluorophenyl 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoate (FB-TA), is added to the perovskite precursor solution. During the perovskite film's crystallization at a low temperature, the cross-linking product of FB-TA can passivate the grain boundaries and reduce the film's residual strain and Young's module. Then, FB-TA is also introduced for the bottom- and top-interface modification of the perovskite film. The interfacial treating strategy protects the perovskite from water invasion and strengthens the interfaces. The combination of triple strategies affords highly efficient inverted fPSCs with a champion efficiency of 21.42% among the state-of-the-art inverted fPSCs based on nickel oxides. More importantly, the flexible devices also exhibit superior stabilities with T90 >4000 bending cycles, photostability with T90 >568 h, and ambient stability with T90 >2000 h, especially the stability with T80 >1120 h under harsh damp-heat conditions (i.e., 85 °C and 85% RH). The strategy provides new insights into the industrialization of high-performance and stable fPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silong Tu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Gang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuanqiong Lin
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Daquan Yu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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12
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Znidi F, Morsy M, Uddin MN. Navigating challenges and solutions for metal-halide and carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells (NCS-MCEPSC): An environmental approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32843. [PMID: 38988552 PMCID: PMC11233955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The urgent need to shift to renewable energy is highlighted by rising global energy use and environmental issues like global warming from fossil fuel dependency. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as a promising option, providing high efficiency and potential for cost-effective production. This study delves into the environmental concerns and viable solutions linked with metal-halide PSCs (M-PSCs) and carbon-based electrode PCSs (C-PSCs). It showcases the swift progress in PSC technology, highlighting its potential to deliver efficient and economical renewable energy options. Yet, the environmental implications of these technologies, especially the utilization of toxic lead (Pb) in M-PSCs and the issues of stability and degradation in C-PSCs, represent considerable hurdles for their broad application and sustainability. The paper details the recent advances in PSCs, focusing on enhancements in device efficiency and stability through innovative material combinations and device designs. Nonetheless, the environmental hazards linked to the dispersal of toxic substances from compromised or deteriorating PSCs into the ecosystem raise significant concerns. In particular, the risk of Pb from M-PSCs contaminating soil and aquatic ecosystems is a pressing issue for human and environmental health, spurring investigations into alternative materials and methods to diminish these impacts. The authors examine several strategies, including the introduction of Pb-free perovskites, encapsulation methods to block the escape of hazardous substances, and the recycling of PSC elements. The study stresses the necessity of aligning technological innovations with considerations for the environment and health, calling for ongoing research into PSC technologies that are sustainable and safe. This review highlights the need for detailed assessments of PSC technologies, focusing on their renewable energy contributions, environmental impacts, and strategies to mitigate these effects. The authors call for a cohesive strategy to develop PSCs that are efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and safe for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faycal Znidi
- Engineering and Physics Department, Texas A&M University, Texarkana, 7101 University Ave, Texarkana, TX, 75503, USA
| | - Mohamed Morsy
- Engineering and Physics Department, Texas A&M University, Texarkana, 7101 University Ave, Texarkana, TX, 75503, USA
| | - Md. Nizam Uddin
- Engineering and Physics Department, Texas A&M University, Texarkana, 7101 University Ave, Texarkana, TX, 75503, USA
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13
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Zhang Z, Shi Y, Chen J, Shen P, Li H, Yang M, Wang S, Li X, Zhang F. Preventing lead leakage in perovskite solar cells and modules with a low-cost and stable chemisorption coating. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2449-2456. [PMID: 38450711 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the promising commercial prospects of perovskite solar cells, the issue of lead toxicity continues to hinder their future industrial applications. Here, we report a low-cost and rapidly degraded sulfosuccinic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol (SMP) coating that prevents lead leakage and enhances device stability without compromising device performance. Even under different strict conditions (simulated heavy rain, acid rain, high temperatures, and competing ions), the coatings effectively prevent lead leakage by over 99%. After 75 days of outdoor exposure, the coating still demonstrates similar lead sequestration efficiency (SQE). In addition, it can be applied to different device structures (n-i-p and p-i-n) and modules, with over 99% SQE, making it a general method for preventing lead leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yating Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiujiang Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hongshi Li
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shirong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianggao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Bogachuk D, van der Windt P, Wagner L, Martineau D, Narbey S, Verma A, Lim J, Zouhair S, Kohlstädt M, Hinsch A, Stranks SD, Würfel U, Glunz SW. Remanufacturing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules-A Holistic Case Study. ACS SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2024; 1:417-426. [PMID: 38566747 PMCID: PMC10983827 DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While perovskite photovoltaic (PV) devices are on the verge of commercialization, promising methods to recycle or remanufacture fully encapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are still missing. Through a detailed life-cycle assessment shown in this work, we identify that the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by re-using the glass substrate and parts of the PV cells. Based on these analytical findings, we develop a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach to remove the encapsulants, the electrode, and the perovskite absorber, allowing reuse of most of the device constituents for remanufacturing PSCs, which recovered nearly 90% of their initial performance. Notably, this is the first experimental demonstration of remanufacturing PSCs with an encapsulant and an edge-seal, which are necessary for commercial perovskite solar modules. This approach distinguishes itself from the "traditional" recycling methods previously demonstrated in perovskite literature by allowing direct reuse of bulk materials with high environmental impact. Thus, such a remanufacturing strategy becomes even more favorable than recycling, and it allows us to save up to 33% of the module's global warming potential. Remarkably, this process most likely can be universally applied to other PSC architectures, particularly n-i-p-based architectures that rely on inorganic metal oxide layers deposited on glass substrates. Finally, we demonstrate that the CO2-footprint of these remanufactured devices can become less than 30 g/kWh, which is the value for state-of-the-art c-Si PV modules, and can even reach 15 g/kWh assuming a similar lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bogachuk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter van der Windt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Energy21 BV, Orteliuslaan 893, 3528 BR Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Solar Energy Conversion Group, Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - David Martineau
- Solaronix SA, Rue de l'Ouriette 129, 1170 Aubonne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anand Verma
- Solaronix SA, Rue de l'Ouriette 129, 1170 Aubonne, Switzerland
| | - Jaekeun Lim
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Salma Zouhair
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- ERCMN FSTT Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Av. Khenifra, 93000 Tétouan Morocco
| | - Markus Kohlstädt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Glunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, Emmy-Noether-Straße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Blanco CF, Quik JTK, Hof M, Fuortes A, Behrens P, Cucurachi S, Peijnenburg WJGM, Dimroth F, Vijver MG. A prospective ecological risk assessment of high-efficiency III-V/silicon tandem solar cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:540-554. [PMID: 38299676 PMCID: PMC10951974 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
III-V/Silicon tandem solar cells offer one of the most promising avenues for high-efficiency, high-stability photovoltaics. However, a key concern is the potential environmental release of group III-V elements, especially arsenic. To inform long-term policies on the energy transition and energy security, we develop and implement a framework that fully integrates future PV demand scenarios with dynamic stock, emission, and fate models in a probabilistic ecological risk assessment. We examine three geographical scales: local (including a floating utility-scale PV and waste treatment), regional (city-wide), and continental (Europe). Our probabilistic assessment considers a wide range of possible values for over one hundred uncertain technical, environmental, and regulatory parameters. We find that III-V/silicon PV integration in energy grids at all scales presents low-to-negligible risks to soil and freshwater organisms. Risks are further abated if recycling of III-V materials is considered at the panels' end-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Blanco
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - J T K Quik
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Hof
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Fuortes
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Behrens
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - S Cucurachi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - F Dimroth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Jinno H, Shivarudraiah SB, Asbjörn R, Vagli G, Marcato T, Eickemeyer FT, Pfeifer L, Yokota T, Someya T, Shih CJ. Indoor Self-Powered Perovskite Optoelectronics with Ultraflexible Monochromatic Light Source. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304604. [PMID: 37656902 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered skin optoelectronics fabricated on ultrathin polymer films is emerging as one of the most promising components for the next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) technology. However, a longstanding challenge is the device underperformance owing to the low process temperature of polymer substrates. In addition, broadband electroluminescence (EL) based on organic or polymer semiconductors inevitably suffers from periodic spectral distortion due to Fabry-Pérot (FP) interference upon substrate bending, preventing advanced applications. Here, ultraflexible skin optoelectronics integrating high-performance solar cells and monochromatic light-emitting diodes using solution-processed perovskite semiconductors is presented. n-i-p perovskite solar cells and perovskite nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (PNC-LEDs), with power-conversion and current efficiencies of 18.2% and 15.2 cd A-1 , respectively, are demonstrated on ultrathin polymer substrates with high thermal stability, which is a record-high efficiency for ultraflexible perovskite solar cell. The narrowband EL with a full width at half-maximum of 23 nm successfully eliminates FP interference, yielding bending-insensitive spectra even under 50% of mechanical compression. Photo-plethysmography using the skin optoelectronic device demonstrates a signal selectivity of 98.2% at 87 bpm pulse. The results presented here pave the way to inexpensive and high-performance ultrathin optoelectronics for self-powered applications such as wearable displays and indoor IoT sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Jinno
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Rasmussen Asbjörn
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Vagli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Marcato
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Felix Thomas Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH, Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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17
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Wang C, Qu D, Zhou B, Shang C, Zhang X, Tu Y, Huang W. Self-Healing Behavior of the Metal Halide Perovskites and Photovoltaics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307645. [PMID: 37770384 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have achieved rapid progress in the new-generation photovoltaic field, but the commercialization lags behind owing to the device stability issue under operational conditions. Ultimately, the instability issue is attributed to the soft lattice of ionic perovskite crystal. In brief, metal halide perovskite materials are susceptible to structural instability processes, including phase segregation, component loss, lattice distortion, and fatigue failure under harsh external stimuli such as high humidity, strong irradiation, wide thermal cycles, and large stress. Developing self-healing perovskites to further improve the unsatisfactory operational stability of their photoelectric devices under harsh stimuli has become a cutting-edge hotspot in this field. This self-healing behavior needs to be studied more comprehensively. Therefore, the self-healing behavior of the metal halide perovskites and photovoltaics is classified and summarized in this review. By discussing recent advances, underlying mechanisms, strategies, and existing challenges, this review provides perspectives on self-healing of perovskite solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Du Qu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chuanzhen Shang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yongguang Tu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Provience, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- Key laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Provience, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo, 315103, China
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18
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Li B, Deng J, Jayawardena KDGI, Liu X, Xiang Y, Ren A, Oluwabi AT, Hinder S, Putland B, Watts JF, Li H, Du S, Silva SRP, Zhang W. Unraveling the Degradation Pathway of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on ISOS-D-1 Protocol. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300223. [PMID: 37330642 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown rapid development recently, whereas nonideal stability remains the chief obstacle toward commercialization. Thus, it is of utmost importance to probe the degradation pathway for the entire device. Here, the extrinsic stability of inverted PSCs (IPSCs) is investigated by using standard shelf-life testing based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability protocols (ISOS-D-1). During the long-term assessment of 1700 h, the degraded power conversion efficiency is mainly caused by the fill factor (53% retention) and short-circuit current density (71% retention), while the open-circuit voltage still maintains 97% of the initial values. Further absorbance evolution and density functional theory calculations disclose that the perovskite rear-contact side, in particular for the perovskite/fullerene interface, is the predominant degradation pathway. This study contributes to understanding the aging mechanism and enhancing the durability of IPSCs for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Li
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jun Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - K D G Imalka Jayawardena
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xueping Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Yuren Xiang
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Abayomi Titilope Oluwabi
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Steven Hinder
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Benjamin Putland
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - John F Watts
- The Surface Analysis Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Hui Li
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shixuan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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19
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Chen L, Fu S, Li Y, Sun N, Yan Y, Song Z. On the Durability of Tin-Containing Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304811. [PMID: 37968252 PMCID: PMC10767427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Tin (Sn)-containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention in the field of perovskite optoelectronics due to lower toxicity than their lead-based counterparts and their potential for tandem applications. However, the lack of stability is a major concern that hampers their development. To achieve the long-term stability of Sn-containing PSCs, it is crucial to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanisms of Sn-containing perovskites and develop mitigation strategies. This review provides a compendious overview of degradation pathways observed in Sn-containing perovskites, attributing to intrinsic factors related to the materials themselves and environmental factors such as light, heat, moisture, oxygen, and their combined effects. The impact of interface and electrode materials on the stability of Sn-containing PSCs is also discussed. Additionally, various strategies to mitigate the instability issue of Sn-containing PSCs are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for achieving durable Sn-containing PSCs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Sheng Fu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - You Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Yanfa Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
| | - Zhaoning Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and CommercializationThe University of Toledo2801 W. Bancroft StreetToledoOH43606USA
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20
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Goetz KP, Thome FTF, An Q, Hofstetter YJ, Schramm T, Yangui A, Kiligaridis A, Loeffler M, Taylor AD, Scheblykin IG, Vaynzof Y. Remarkable performance recovery in highly defective perovskite solar cells by photo-oxidation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:8007-8017. [PMID: 37362025 PMCID: PMC10286220 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc05077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental factors is generally expected to cause degradation in perovskite films and solar cells. Herein, we show that films with certain defect profiles can display the opposite effect, healing upon exposure to oxygen under illumination. We tune the iodine content of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite from understoichiometric to overstoichiometric and expose them to oxygen and light prior to the addition of the top layers of the device, thereby examining the defect dependence of their photooxidative response in the absence of storage-related chemical processes. The contrast between the photovoltaic properties of the cells with different defects is stark. Understoichiometric samples indeed degrade, demonstrating performance at 33% of their untreated counterparts, while stoichiometric samples maintain their performance levels. Surprisingly, overstoichiometric samples, which show low current density and strong reverse hysteresis when untreated, heal to maximum performance levels (the same as untreated, stoichiometric samples) upon the photooxidative treatment. A similar, albeit smaller-scale, effect is observed for triple cation and methylammonium-free compositions, demonstrating the general application of this treatment to state-of-the-art compositions. We examine the reasons behind this response by a suite of characterization techniques, finding that the performance changes coincide with microstructural decay at the crystal surface, reorientation of the bulk crystal structure for the understoichiometric cells, and a decrease in the iodine-to-lead ratio of all films. These results indicate that defect engineering is a powerful tool to manipulate the stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn P Goetz
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Fabian T F Thome
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Tim Schramm
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Aymen Yangui
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Markus Loeffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander D Taylor
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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21
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Podapangi SK, Jafarzadeh F, Mattiello S, Korukonda TB, Singh A, Beverina L, Brown TM. Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18165-18206. [PMID: 37333793 PMCID: PMC10269851 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite materials research has received unprecedented recognition due to its applications in photovoltaics, LEDs, and other large area low-cost electronics. The exceptional improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the last decade has prompted efforts to develop and optimize device fabrication technologies for the industrial and commercial space. However, unstable operation in outdoor environments and toxicity of the employed materials and solvents have hindered this proposition. While their optoelectronic properties are extensively studied, the environmental impacts of the materials and manufacturing methods require further attention. This review summarizes and discusses green and environment-friendly methods for fabricating PSCs, particularly non-toxic solvents, and lead-free alternatives. Greener solvent choices are surveyed for all the solar cell films, (i.e. electron and hole transport, semiconductor, and electrode layers) and their impact on thin film quality, morphology and device performance is explored. We also discuss lead content in perovskites, its environmental impact and sequestration routes, and progress in replacing lead with greener alternatives. This review provides an analysis of sustainable green routes in perovskite solar cell fabrication, discussing the impact of each layer in the device stack, via life cycle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Podapangi
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Farshad Jafarzadeh
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 I-20126 Milano Italy
| | - Tulja Bhavani Korukonda
- Department of Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India
| | - Akash Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 I-20126 Milano Italy
| | - Thomas M Brown
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
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22
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Mallick A, Mendez Lopez RD, Arye G, Cahen D, Visoly-Fisher I. Soil adsorption and transport of lead in the presence of perovskite solar cell-derived organic cations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131147. [PMID: 36893601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite photovoltaics offer a highly efficient and low-cost solar energy harvesting technology. However, the presence of lead (Pb) cations in photovoltaic halide perovskite (HaPs) materials is concerning, and quantifying the environmental hazard of accidental Pb2+ leaching into the soil is crucial for assessing the sustainability of this technology. Pb2+ from inorganic salts was previously found to remain in the upper soil layers due to adsorption. However, Pb-HaPs contain additional organic and inorganic cations, and competitive cation adsorption may affect Pb2+ retention in soils. Therefore, we measured, analyzed by simulations and report the depths to which Pb2+ from HaPs penetrates into 3 types of agricultural soil. Most of the HaP-leached Pb2+ is found to be retained already in the first cm of the soil columns, and subsequent rain events do not induce Pb2+ penetration below the first few cm of soil surface. Surprisingly, organic co-cations from the dissolved HaP are found to enhance the Pb2+ adsorption capacity in clay-rich soil, compared to non-HaP-based Pb2+ sources. Our results imply that installation over soil types with improved Pb2+ adsorption, and removal of only the contaminated topsoil, are sufficient means to prevent ground water contamination by HaP-leached Pb2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mallick
- Solar Energy Center, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Rene D Mendez Lopez
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Gilboa Arye
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 849900, Israel.
| | - David Cahen
- Dept. of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 52900, Israel; Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Mol. Chem. & Mater. Sci. Dept., Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Iris Visoly-Fisher
- Solar Energy Center, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
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23
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He R, Ding X, Zhang T, Mei L, Zhu S, Wang C, Liao Y, Wang D, Wang H, Guo J, Guo X, Xing Y, Gu Z, Hu H. Study on myocardial toxicity induced by lead halide perovskites nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:449-470. [PMID: 37688453 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2255269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are outstanding candidates for next-generation optoelectronic materials, with considerable prospects of use and commercial value. However, knowledge about their toxicity is scarce, which may limit their commercialization. Here, for the first time, we studied the cardiotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of representative CsPbBr3 nanoparticles in LHPs. After their intranasal administration to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice, using advanced synchrotron radiation, mass spectrometry, and ultrasound imaging, we revealed that CsPbBr3 nanoparticles can severely affect cardiac systolic function by accumulating in the myocardial tissue. RNA sequencing and Western blotting demonstrated that CsPbBr3 nanoparticles induced excessive oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, thereby provoking endoplasmic reticulum stress, disturbing calcium homeostasis, and ultimately leading to apoptosis. Our findings highlight the cardiotoxic effects of LHPs and provide crucial toxicological data for the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rendong He
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Linqiang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Junsong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, P. R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
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24
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Dong Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Hu B, Xia D, Lin K, Geng L, Yang Y. Regulating Crystallization and Lead Leakage of Perovskite Solar Cell Via Novel Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301824. [PMID: 37183295 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the unprecedented progress in lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the toxicity and leakage of lead from degraded PSCs triggered by deep-level defects and poor crystallization quality increase environmental risk and become a critical challenge for eco-friendly PSCs. Here, a novel 2D polyoxometalate (POM)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) (C5 NH5 )4 (C3 N2 H5 )2 Zn3 (H8 P4 Mo6 O31 )2 ·2H2 O (POMOF) is ingeniously devised to address these issues. Note that the integration of POM endows POMOF with great advantages of electrical conductivity and charge mobility. Ordered POMOF induces the crystallization of high-quality perovskite film and eliminates lead-based defects to improve internal stability. The resultant PSCs achieve a superior power conversion efficiency (23.3%) accompanied by improved stability that maintains ≈90% of its original efficiency after 1600 h. Meanwhile, POMOF with phosphate groups effectively prevents lead leakage through in situ chemical anchoring and adsorption methods to reduce environmental risk. This work provides an effective strategy to minimize lead-based defects and leakage in sustainable PSCs through multi-functional POM-based MOF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Dong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Boyuan Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Lin Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
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25
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Zhang H, Lee JW, Nasti G, Handy R, Abate A, Grätzel M, Park NG. Lead immobilization for environmentally sustainable perovskite solar cells. Nature 2023; 617:687-695. [PMID: 37225881 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are promising semiconducting materials for solar energy harvesting. However, the presence of heavy-metal lead ions is problematic when considering potential harmful leakage into the environment from broken cells and also from a public acceptance point of view. Moreover, strict legislation on the use of lead around the world has driven innovation in the development of strategies for recycling end-of-life products by means of environmentally friendly and cost-effective routes. Lead immobilization is a strategy to transform water-soluble lead ions into insoluble, nonbioavailable and nontransportable forms over large pH and temperature ranges and to suppress lead leakage if the devices are damaged. An ideal methodology should ensure sufficient lead-chelating capability without substantially influencing the device performance, production cost and recycling. Here we analyse chemical approaches to immobilize Pb2+ from perovskite solar cells, such as grain isolation, lead complexation, structure integration and adsorption of leaked lead, based on their feasibility to suppress lead leakage to a minimal level. We highlight the need for a standard lead-leakage test and related mathematical model to be established for the reliable evaluation of the potential environmental risk of perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- Department of Nano Engineering and Department of Nano Science and Technology, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Khalifa SA, Spatari S, Fafarman AT, Fthenakis VM, Gurian PL, Olson MS, Baxter JB. Fate and Exposure Assessment of Pb Leachate from Hypothetical Breakage Events of Perovskite Photovoltaic Modules. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5190-5202. [PMID: 36966415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging lead halide perovskite (LHP) photovoltaics are undergoing intense research and development due to their outstanding efficiency and potential for low manufacturing costs that render them competitive with existing photovoltaic (PV) technologies. While today's efforts are focused on stability and scalability of LHPs, the toxicity of lead (Pb) remains a major challenge to their large-scale commercialization. Here, we present a screening-level, EPA-compliant model of fate and transport of Pb leachate in groundwater, soil, and air, following hypothetical catastrophic breakage of LHP PV modules in conceptual utility-scale sites. We estimated exposure point concentrations of Pb in each medium and found that most of the Pb is sequestered in soil. Exposure point concentrations of Pb from the perovskite film fell well below EPA maximum permissible limits in groundwater and air even upon catastrophic release from PV modules at large scales. Background Pb levels in soil can influence soil regulatory compliance, but the highest observed concentrations of perovskite-derived Pb would not exceed EPA limits under our assumptions. Nonetheless, regulatory limits are not definitive thresholds of safety, and the potential for increased bioavailability of perovskite-derived Pb may warrant additional toxicity assessment to further characterize public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Khalifa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sabrina Spatari
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Aaron T Fafarman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vasilis M Fthenakis
- Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Patrick L Gurian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mira S Olson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jason B Baxter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Chen H, Zhang GH, Zhu QH, Fu J, Qin S, He L, Tao GH. Lead Sequestration in Perovskite Photovoltaic Device Encapsulated with Water-Proof and Adhesive Poly(ionic liquid). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13637-13643. [PMID: 36877534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable usage of toxic lead impedes the commercialization of lead halide perovskite solar cells, especially considering lead ions potentially unseals from the discarded and damaged devices and consequently contaminates the environment. In this work, we proposed a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) cohered sandwich structure (PCSS) to realize lead sequestration in perovskite solar cells by a water-proof and adhesive poly([1-(3-propionic acid)-3-vinylimidazolium] bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (PPVI-TFSI). A transparent ambidextrous protective shield manufactured from PPVI-TFSI was achieved and applied in lead sequestration for perovskite solar cells. PCSS provides robustness and water-resistance, which improves device stability toward water erosion and extreme situations (such as acid, base, salty water, and hot water). PPVI-TFSI exhibited excellent affinity toward lead with adsorption capacity of 516 mg·g-1, which assisted to prevent lead leakage in abandoned devices as proved in the test of wheat germination vividly. PCSS provides a promising solution for complex lead sequestration and management issues, which contribute to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guo-Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Fu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Song Qin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guo-Hong Tao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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28
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Sun C, Xi R, Fei H. Organolead Halide-Based Coordination Polymers: Intrinsic Stability and Photophysical Applications. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:452-461. [PMID: 36719833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganolead halide-based photovoltaics are one of the state-of-the-art solar cell systems with efficiencies increasing to 25% over the past decade, ascribed to their high light-absorption coefficient, broad wavelength coverage, tunable band structure, and excellent carrier mobility. Indeed, these optical characteristics are highly demanding in photocatalysis and photoluminescence (PL), which also involve the solar energy utilization and charge transport. However, the vast majority of organolead halides are ionically bonded structures and susceptible to degradation upon high-polarity protic molecules (e.g., water (vapor) and alcohol), which are often inevitable in many photochemical applications. Encapsulation is a commonly used stabilization approach by coating protective layers, avoiding the direct contact between organolead halides and polar molecules. However, this may partially hinder the light penetration to the inner hybrid halide materials, and introduce new interface problems that are important in photocatalysis and luminescent sensing. Therefore, developing intrinsically stable organometal halide hybrids is a major target for their applications in optoelectronic applications.In this Account, recent research progress on the synthesis of organolead halide-based coordination polymers for a variety of photoactive applications is described. Herein, we propose a general strategy to advance the intrinsic stability of organometal halide crystalline materials by using coordinating anionic organic linkers, which occupy the excellent photophysical features analogous to those of perovskites. Unlike the organoammonium cations as for ionically bonded structures, the anionic structure-directing agents (e.g., organocarboxylates) render well-defined metal-carboxylate coordination motifs in extended architectures spanning from low-dimensional (0D, 1D) to high-dimensional cationic inorganic Pb-X-Pb (X = F-/Cl-/Br-/I-) sublattices. This family of organolead halide coordination polymers can endure chemically reactive environments over a wide range of pH and aqueous boiling condition, which have been systematically investigated by experimental studies and theoretical calculations. Many chloride/bromide-based coordination polymers show air-stable, broadband self-trapped emission with large Stokes shift and high color rendition, exhibiting the absolute quantum yields of 35-72%. Among them, the porous frameworks with low-dimensional (0D, 1D) inorganic blocks are recognized as a rare class of porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed by lead halides as secondary building units (SBUs). They not only occupy substantially higher light-harvesting and carrier-transport properties than conventional metal oxide-based MOFs, but also allow for isoreticular modification to regulate the PL characteristics by guest molecules. More importantly, combining the high stability with excellent carrier characteristics, a layered organolead iodide coordination polymer shows the overall photocatalytic water splitting without the use of any sacrificial agent under simulated sunlight illumination. Given the wide choice of structurally diverse organocarboxylate linkers, we hope this Account provides deep insights on the importance of coordination chemistry in the discovery of a wide family of intrinsically stable organolead halides to expand their photophysical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Xi
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Honghan Fei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Dissanayake PD, Yeom KM, Sarkar B, Alessi DS, Hou D, Rinklebe J, Noh JH, Ok YS. Environmental impact of metal halide perovskite solar cells and potential mitigation strategies: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115066. [PMID: 36528044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained extensive attention in the field of solar photovoltaic technology over the past few years. Despite being a remarkable alternative to fossil fuels, solar cells may have detrimental effects on the environment and human health owing to the use of toxic materials during manufacturing. Although modern metal-halide-based PSCs are stable and have encapsulation to prevent the release of potentially toxic materials into the environment, their destruction due to strong winds, hail, snow, landslides, fires, or waste disposal can result in the exposure of these materials to the environment. This may lead to the contamination of soil and groundwater, and uptake of potentially toxic elements by plants, subsequently affecting humans and other living organisms via food chain contamination. Despite worldwide concern, the environmental and ecotoxicological impacts of metal-halide-based PSCs have not been comprehensively surveyed. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the current status of metal-halide-based PSC production and its impact on environmental sustainability, food security, and human health. Furthermore, safe handling and disposal methods for the waste generated from metal-halide-based PSCs are proposed, with a focus on recycling and reuse. Although some studies have suggested that the amount of lead released from metal halide PSCs is far below the maximum permissible levels in most soils, a clear conclusion cannot be reached until real contamination scenarios are assessed under field conditions. Precautions must be taken to minimize environmental contamination throughout the lifecycle of PSCs until nontoxic and similarly performing alternative solar photovoltaic products are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Dulanja Dissanayake
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea; Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Coconut Research Institute, Lunuwila 61150, Sri Lanka
| | - Kyung Mun Yeom
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA-5095, Australia
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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30
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Lanzetta L, Webb T, Marin‐Beloqui JM, Macdonald TJ, Haque SA. Halide Chemistry in Tin Perovskite Optoelectronics: Bottlenecks and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213966. [PMID: 36369761 PMCID: PMC10107305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tin halide perovskites (Sn HaPs) are the top lead-free choice for perovskite optoelectronics, but the oxidation of perovskite Sn2+ to Sn4+ remains a key challenge. However, the role of inconspicuous chemical processes remains underexplored. Specifically, the halide component in Sn HaPs (typically iodide) has been shown to play a key role in dictating device performance and stability due to its high reactivity. Here we describe the impact of native halide chemistry on Sn HaPs. Specifically, molecular halogen formation in Sn HaPs and its influence on degradation is reviewed, emphasising the benefits of iodide substitution for improving stability. Next, the ecological impact of halide products of Sn HaP degradation and its mitigation are considered. The development of visible Sn HaP emitters via halide tuning is also summarised. Lastly, halide defect management and interfacial engineering for Sn HaP devices are discussed. These insights will inspire efficient and robust Sn HaP optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Lanzetta
- Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Jose Manuel Marin‐Beloqui
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of MálagaAndalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n29071MálagaSpain
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
- School of Engineering and Materials ScienceQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
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31
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He J, Wang Q, Xu Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Su J, Lin Z, Zhang J, Hao Y, Chang J. Synergistic Effect of Surface p-Doping and Passivation Improves the Efficiency, Stability, and Reduces Lead Leakage in All-Inorganic CsPbIBr 2 -Based Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205962. [PMID: 36461681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wide-bandgap inorganic cesium lead halide CsPbIBr2 is a popular optoelectronic material that researchers are interested in because of the character that balances the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. It also has great potential in semitransparent solar cells, indoor photovoltaics, and as a subcell for tandem solar cells. Although CsPbIBr2 -based devices have achieved good performance, the open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of CsPbIBr2 -based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower, and it is critical to further reduce large energy losses (Eloss ). Herein, a strategy is proposed for achieving surface p-type doping for CsPbIBr2 -based perovskite for the first time, using 1,5-Diaminopentane dihydroiodide at the perovskite surface to improve hole extraction efficiency. Meanwhile, the adjusted energy levels reduce Eloss and improve Voc of the CsPbIBr2 PSCs. Furthermore, the Cs- and Br-vacancies at the interface are filled, reducing structural disorder and defect states and thus improving the quality of the perovskite film. As a result, the target device achieves a high efficiency of 11.02% with a Voc of 1.33 V, which is among the best values. In addition to the improved performance, the stability of the target device under various conditions is enhanced, and the lead leakage is effectively suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yumeng Xu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Xing Guo
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Long Zhou
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Jie Su
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, China
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32
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Torrence CE, Libby CS, Nie W, Stein JS. Environmental and health risks of perovskite solar modules: Case for better test standards and risk mitigation solutions. iScience 2023; 26:105807. [PMID: 36691614 PMCID: PMC9860350 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) promise high efficiencies and low manufacturing costs. Most formulations, however, contain lead, which raises health and environmental concerns. In this review, we use a risk assessment approach to identify and evaluate the technology risks to the environment and human health. We analyze the risks by following the technology from production to transportation to installation to disposal and examine existing environmental and safety regulations in each context. We review published data from leaching and air emissions testing and highlight gaps in current knowledge and a need for more standardization. Methods to avoid lead release through introduction of absorbing materials or use of alternative PSC formulations are reviewed. We conclude with the recommendation to develop recycling programs for PSCs and further standardized testing to understand risks related to leaching and fires.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara S. Libby
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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33
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Wu Z, Xu X, Gao Y, Lu Z, Cai Y, Qu Y, Li A, Huang X, Meng W, Shi T, Liu P. Remarkable Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of an All-Inorganic CsSn 0.5Ge 0.5I 3 Perovskite Solar Cell. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:302-309. [PMID: 36602229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sn-Ge mixed perovskites have been proposed as promising lead-free candidates in the photovoltaics (PV) field. In this work, we discovered a stable P1 phase Sn-Ge mixed structure (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) with an appropriate band gap value of 1.19 eV, which manifests its unique structural stability and physics properties. The thermodynamic stability of this mixed structure under different growth conditions and all possible native defects are depicted in detail. The formation energies and dominant native point defects indicate that P1 phase CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 exhibits unipolar self-doping behavior (p-type conductivity) and good defect tolerance while the growth condition changes. In addition, the calculation of light absorption confirmed that the P1 phase has a higher light absorption coefficient than that of MAPbI3 in the visible light range, showing excellent light absorption. Our work not only provides theoretical guidance for unraveling the unusual structural stability of Sn-Ge mixed perovskites, but also offers a useful scheme to modulate the stability and optoelectronic properties of Ge-based perovskites through alloy engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Wu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yujia Gao
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengli Lu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yating Cai
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yating Qu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ang Li
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weiwei Meng
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pengyi Liu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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34
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Stanton R, Trivedi DJ. Atomistic Description of the Impact of Spacer Selection on Two-Dimensional (2D) Perovskites: A Case Study of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper CsPbI 3 Analogues. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:12090-12098. [PMID: 36546657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskites have become desirable for use in photovoltaic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and increased resilience to thermal degradation compared to organic-inorganic perovskites. An effective strategy for improving both the performance and the phase stability of CsPbI3-based perovskites is through introducing a diverse set of spacing cations separating inorganic layers in their two-dimensional (2D) analogues. In this work, CsPbI3-based 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites were investigated using three aromatic spacers, 2-thiophenemethylamine (ThMA), 2-thiopheneformamidine (ThFA), and benzylammonium, fluorinated through para substitution (pFBA). Our findings highlight the importance of the local bonding environment between organic spacers and the PbI6 octahedra. Additionally, we demonstrated the importance of energetic alignment between electronic states on spacing cations and inorganic layers for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, thermoelectric performance was investigated revealing a preference for p-type ThFA and n-type ThMA and pFBA configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stanton
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Dhara J Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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35
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Di Girolamo D, Aktas E, Ponti C, Pascual J, Li G, Li M, Nasti G, Alharthi F, Mura F, Abate A. Enabling water-free PEDOT as hole selective layer in lead-free tin perovskite solar cells. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 3:9083-9089. [PMID: 36545323 PMCID: PMC9743132 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are set to revolutionise photovoltaic energy harvesting owing to an unmatched combination of high efficiency and low fabrication costs. However, to improve the sustainability of this technology, replacing lead with less toxic tin is highly desired. Tin halide perovskites are approaching 15% in power conversion efficiency (PCE), mainly employing PEDOT:PSS as a hole-selective layer. Unfortunately, PEDOT:PSS is processed from an aqueous solution, which is hardly compatible with the strict anoxic requirements for processing tin halide perovskites due to tin's instability to oxidation. Here, we present a water-free PEDOT formulation for developing tin-based lead-free perovskite solar cells. We show that the main difference between the PCE of devices made from aqueous and water-free PEDOT is due to the marked hydrophobicity of the latter, which complicates the perovskite deposition. By modifying the surface of water-free PEDOT with a thin Al2O3 interlayer, we could achieve good perovskite morphology that enabled perovskite solar cells with a PCE of 7.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Fuorigrotta 80125 Italy
| | - Ece Aktas
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Fuorigrotta 80125 Italy
| | - Corinna Ponti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Fuorigrotta 80125 Italy
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin 14109 Germany
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Fuorigrotta 80125 Italy
| | - Fahad Alharthi
- Chemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University P O Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Francesco Mura
- Centro delle Nanotecnologie applicate all'Ingegneria della Sapienza - CNIS, University of Rome La Sapienza Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II Piazzale Tecchio 80 Fuorigrotta 80125 Italy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin 14109 Germany
- Chemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University P O Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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36
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Körte F, Wessendorf CD, Schnabel T, Herrmann M, Schröppel B, Stadelmann K, Arefaine E, Busch L, Daum R, Ahlswede E, Hartmann H. Lead-binding biogenic polyelectrolyte multilayer coating for lead retention in perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34381-34392. [PMID: 36545588 PMCID: PMC9707614 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells promise to deliver high efficiencies at low manufacturing costs. Yet on their way towards commercialization, they have to face the associated risk of potential lead leakage into the environment after damage to the cell's encapsulation. Here we present a new approach to generate a lead binding coating, based on a layer-by-layer deposition of biopolymers. A lead-adsorbing functionality was shown after subsequent crosslinking, demonstrating a high binding capacity. The lead binding capabilities could be further enhanced by increasing the thickness of the coatings, analyzed both in the supernatant and on the surface of the coated material. The thin-layered coating had a thickness of less than one micrometer, was stable even under low pH conditions and could successfully be transferred onto different substrates, ranging from silicon, gold and glass substrates to polymeric nonwoven materials with high surface areas, further increasing its lead binding capacity. This newly described coating was applied within perovskite solar cell stacks without impeding the overall efficiency but strongly reducing the amount of lead released after simulated rain tests on devices with damaged encapsulation. Accordingly, incorporation of lead-binding polyelectrolyte multilayers inside the encapsulation of perovskite solar cells shows great potential to limit the perovskite solar cells inherent risk of lead leakage in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Körte
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Cordula Daniela Wessendorf
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW) Baden-WürttembergIndustriestraße 670565 StuttgartGermany
| | - Thomas Schnabel
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW) Baden-WürttembergIndustriestraße 670565 StuttgartGermany
| | - Markus Herrmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Birgit Schröppel
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Kathrin Stadelmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Elsa Arefaine
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Luisa Busch
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW) Baden-WürttembergIndustriestraße 670565 StuttgartGermany
| | - Ruben Daum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
| | - Erik Ahlswede
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW) Baden-WürttembergIndustriestraße 670565 StuttgartGermany
| | - Hanna Hartmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstraße 5572770 ReutlingenGermany
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37
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Hu Y, Yan X, Zhou L, Chen P, Pang Q, Chen Y. Improved Energy Transfer in Mn-Doped Cs 3Cu 2I 5 Microcrystals Induced by Localized Lattice Distortion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10786-10792. [PMID: 36374550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With nontoxicity and high emission efficiency, luminescent copper(I)-based halides have attracted much attention as alternatives for lead-based perovskites in photoelectric domains. However, extending the emission wavelength by doping with Mn2+ in a facile way is still a challenge. In this work, Mn2+-doped Cs3Cu2I5 microcrystals were synthesized by a mild solution method, and double emission bands from self-trapped excitons (STEs) and Mn2+ peaking at 445 and 560 nm, respectively, were observed. More importantly, further introduction of alkali metal ions (Rb+, K+, Na+) considerably promoted the luminescence performance of the Cs3Cu2I5-Mn microcrystals. The STE → Mn2+ energy transfer efficiency of the typical sample doped with Na+ increased from ∼0 to 21.30%, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) increased from 47.32% to 62.06%. The detailed structural and optical characterizations combined with DFT calculations proved that the doping with alkali metal ions causes lattice distortion and enhances the coupling between [MnI4] and [CuI4] tetrahedra, thus promoting the energy transfer efficiency and the PLQY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, P. R. China
| | - Peican Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi530004, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou510006, P. R. China
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Bouihi F, Schmaltz B, Mathevet F, Kreher D, Faure-Vincent J, Yildirim C, Elhakmaoui A, Bouclé J, Akssira M, Tran-Van F, Abarbri M. D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7992. [PMID: 36431477 PMCID: PMC9697137 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Donor−acceptor (D−A) small molecules are regarded as promising hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. This paper reports the design, synthesis and characterization of three novel isomeric D-π-A small molecules PY1, PY2 and PY3. The chemical structures of the molecules consist of a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine acceptor core functionalized with one 3,6-bis(4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamino)carbazole (3,6-CzDMPA) donor moiety via a phenyl π-spacer at the 3, 5 and 7 positions, respectively. The isolated compounds possess suitable energy levels, sufficient thermal stability (Td > 400 °C), molecular glass behavior with Tg values in the range of 127−136 °C slightly higher than that of the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD (126 °C) and acceptable hydrophobicity. Undoped PY1 demonstrates the highest hole mobility (3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to PY2 and PY3 (1.3 × 10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The whole isomers were incorporated as doped HTMs in planar n-i-p PSCs based on double cation perovskite FA0.85Cs0.15Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3. The non-optimized device fabricated using PY1 exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.41%, similar to that obtained using the reference, Spiro-OMeTAD, which demonstrated a maximum PCE of 12.58% under the same conditions. The PY2 and PY3 materials demonstrated slightly lower performance in device configuration, with relatively moderate PCEs of 10.21% and 10.82%, respectively, and slight hysteresis behavior (−0.01 and 0.02). The preliminary stability testing of PSCs is also described. The PY1-based device exhibited better stability than the device using Spiro-OMeTAD, which could be related to its slightly superior hydrophobic character preventing water diffusion into the perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Bouihi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Kreher
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78035 Versailles, France
| | | | - Ceren Yildirim
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ahmed Elhakmaoui
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Johann Bouclé
- CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Université de Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Biotechnologies des Biomolécules et des Matériaux (LCP2BM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - François Tran-Van
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (EA 6299), Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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Tulus, Muscarella LA, Galagan Y, Boehme SC, von Hauff E. Trap passivation and suppressed electrochemical dynamics in perovskite solar cells with C60 interlayers. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Qiu Z, Fu K, Yu D, Luo J, Shang J, Luo S, Crittenden JC. Radix Astragali residue-derived porous amino-laced double-network hydrogel for efficient Pb(II) removal: Performance and modeling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129418. [PMID: 35780735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Valorizing solid waste for heavy metal adsorption is highly desirable to avoid global natural resources depletion. In this study, we developed a new protocol to valorize Radix Astragali residue (one of the Chinese medicine residues) into a low-cost, chemically robust, and highly permeable (ca. 90%) amino-laced porous double-network hydrogel (NH2-CNFs/PAA) for efficient Pb(II) adsorption. The NH2-CNFs/PAA showed (i) excellent Pb(II) adsorption capacity (i.e., 994.5 mg g-1, ~4.8 mmol g-1), (ii) fast adsorption kinetics (kf = 2.01 ×10-5 m s-1), (iii) broad working pH range (2.0-6.0), and (iv) excellent regeneration capability (~15 cycles). (v) excellent performance in various real water matrices on Pb(II) removal. Moreover, its high selectivity (distribution coefficient Kd ~2.4 ×106 mL g-1) toward Pb(II) was owing to the present of abundant amino groups (-NH2). Furthermore, the fix-bed column test indicated the NH2-CNFs/PAA can effectively remove 114.6 bed volumes (influent concentration ~5000 μg L-1) with an enrichment factor 10.9. The full-scale system modeling (i.e., pore surface diffusion model (PSDM)) has been applied to predict the NH2-CNFs/PAA performance on Pb(II) removal. Overall, we have provided an alternative "win-win" scenario that can resolve the Chinese medicine residues disposal issue by valorizing it into high performance gel-based adsorbents for efficient heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaixing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deyou Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinming Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jingge Shang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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41
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Gottesfeld P. Lead Industry Influence in the 21st Century: An Old Playbook for a "Modern Metal". Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S723-S729. [PMID: 36179300 PMCID: PMC9528640 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, lead poisoning has received increasing attention as lead production continues to grow and the industry shifts the most polluting processes (e.g., smelting ore and recycling batteries) to low- and middle-income countries. The hazards associated with lead exposures have been well known for centuries while the industry actively promoted lead products. Less well known is how the industry continues to promote the "safe and responsible" use of lead and support research to question the underlying science and avoid regulation. Here I explore the historical context for recent actions that the industry has taken to ensure its longevity. Lead industry associations continue to employ some of the same themes that have proven successful in the past. Efforts to forestall regulatory initiatives to reduce emissions and restrict lead applications continue. Large battery manufacturers and recyclers and their associations place blame on informal-sector recycling to draw focus away from their own emissions. They have sought the cooperation of hired scientific experts and have funded United Nations organizations and nongovernmental organizations to deflect attention from their own contributions to global lead poisoning. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S7):S723-S729. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306960).
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry Gottesfeld
- The author is the Executive Director of Occupational Knowledge International, San Francisco, CA
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42
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Mendez L. RD, Breen BN, Cahen D. Lead Sequestration from Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with a Low-Cost Thiol-Containing Encapsulant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29766-29772. [PMID: 35735116 PMCID: PMC9264311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are being studied and developed because of the outstanding properties of halide perovskites as photovoltaic materials and high conversion efficiencies achieved with the best PSCs. However, leaching out of lead (Pb) ions into the environment presents potential public health risks. We show that thiol-functionalized nanoparticles provide an economic way of minimizing Pb leaching in the case of PSC module damage and subsequent water exposure (at most, ∼2.5% of today's crystal silicon solar panel production cost per square meter). Using commercial materials and methods, we retain ∼90% of Pb without degrading the photovoltaic performance of the cells, compared with nonencapsulated devices, yielding a worst-case scenario of top-soil pollution below natural Pb levels and well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene D. Mendez L.
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - David Cahen
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
- Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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43
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Wei X, Xiao M, Wang B, Wang C, Li Y, Dou J, Cui Z, Dou J, Wang H, Ma S, Zhu C, Yuan G, Yang N, Song T, Zhou H, Chen H, Bai Y, Chen Q. Avoiding Structural Collapse to Reduce Lead Leakage in Perovskite Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204314. [PMID: 35412681 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising candidate for the next-generation photovoltaic technologies. As an essential element for high-efficiency PSCs however, the heavy metal Pb is soluble in water, causing a serious threat to the environment and human health. Due to the weak ionic bonding in three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, drastic structure decomposition occurs when immersing the perovskite film in water, which accelerates the Pb leakage. By introducing the chemically stable Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskite at the 3D perovskite surface, the film dissolution is significantly slowed down, which retards lead leakage. As a result, the Pb contamination is dramatically reduced under various extreme conditions. In addition, the PSCs device deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.6 % and retain over 95 % of their initial PCE after the maximum power point tracking for over 1100 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Wei
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, P. R. China
| | - Yuekang Li
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dou
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dou
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guizhou Yuan
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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44
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Koh TM, Wang H, Ng YF, Bruno A, Mhaisalkar S, Mathews N. Halide Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integrated Photovoltaics: Transforming Building Façades into Power Generators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104661. [PMID: 34699646 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaics promises to impact new photovoltaic concepts. Their high power conversion efficiencies, ability to coat perovskite layers on glass via various scalable deposition techniques, excellent optoelectronic properties, and synthetic versatility for modulating transparency and color allow perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to be an ideal solution for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), which transforms windows or façades into electric power generators. In this review, the unique features and properties of PSCs for BIPV application are accessed. Device engineering and optical management strategies of active layers, interlayers, and electrodes for semitransparent, bifacial, and colorful PSCs are also discussed. The performance of PSCs under conditions that are relevant for BIPV such as different operational temperature, light intensity, and light incident angle are also reviewed. Recent outdoor stability testing of PSCs in different countries and other demonstration of scalability and deployment of PSCs are also spotlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for realizing perovskite-based BIPV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yan Fong Ng
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Subodh Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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45
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Finkenauer BP, Ma K, Dou L. Degradation and Self-Healing in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24073-24088. [PMID: 35588005 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are well-known for their unique self-healing ability. In the presence of strong external stimuli, such as light, temperature, and moisture, high-energy defects are created which can be healed by removing the perovskite from the degradation source. This self-healing ability has been showcased in devices with recoverable performance and day-and-night cycling operation to dramatically extend the device lifetime and even mechanical durability. However, to date, the mechanistic details and theory around this captivating trait are sparse and convoluted by the complex nature of perovskites. With a clear understanding of the intrinsic self-healing property, perovskite solar cells with extended lifetimes and durability can be designed to realize the large-scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, we spotlight the relevant degradation and self-healing literature and then propose design strategies to help conceptualize future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake P Finkenauer
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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46
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Bu T, Dong S, Wei W, Chen Z, Lin Y, Lv Y, Zhou H, Sun W, Zhang C. Friction-Dominated Carrier Excitation and Transport Mechanism for GaN-Based Direct-Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24020-24027. [PMID: 35575638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The semiconductor triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on the tribovoltaic effect has the characteristics of direct current and high current density, but the energy transfer and conversion mechanism is not completely clear. Here, a series of gallium nitride (GaN)-based semiconductor direct-current TENGs (SDC-TENGs) are investigated for clarifying the carrier excitation and transport mechanism. During the friction process, the external output current always flows from GaN to silicon or aluminum, regardless of the direction of the built-in electric field, because of the semiconductor types. These results reveal that the carrier transport direction is dominated by the interfacial electric field formed by triboelectrification, which is also verified under different bias voltages. Moreover, the characteristics dependent on the frictional force have been systematically investigated under different normal forces and frictional modes. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of SDC-TENG are both increased with a larger frictional force, which shows that the more severe friction results in both a larger interface electric field and more excited carriers. The maximum voltage can reach 25 V for lighting up a series of LEDs, which is enhanced by four times compared to the cutting-edge reported SDC-TENGs. This work has clarified the friction-dominated carrier excitation and transport mechanism for the tribovoltaic effect, which demonstrates the great potential of semiconductor materials for frictional energy recovery and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkang Chen
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices,, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozheng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tianzhao Bu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sicheng Dong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenwang Wei
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices,, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices,, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yuan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Lv
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenhong Sun
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices,, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices,, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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47
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Wei X, Xiao M, Wang B, Wang C, Li Y, Dou J, Cui Z, Dou J, Wang H, Ma S, Zhu C, Yuan G, Yang N, Song T, Zhou H, Chen H, Bai Y, Chen Q. Avoiding Structural Collapse to Reduce Lead Leakage in Perovskite Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Wei
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Boyu Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Yuekang Li
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jing Dou
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Cui
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Jie Dou
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Guizhou Yuan
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Centre for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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48
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Yuan Y, Yan G, Hong R, Liang Z, Kirchartz T. Quantifying Efficiency Limitations in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108132. [PMID: 35014106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While halide perovskites have excellent optoelectronic properties, their poor stability is a major obstacle toward commercialization. There is a strong interest to move away from organic A-site cations such as methylammonium and formamidinium toward Cs with the aim of improving thermal stability of the perovskite layers. While the optoelectronic properties and the device performance of Cs-based all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites are very good, they are still trailing behind those of perovskites that use organic cations. Here, the state-of-the-art of all-inorganic perovskites for photovoltaic applications is reviewed by performing detailed meta-analyses of key performance parameters on the cell and material level. Key material properties such as carrier mobilities, external photoluminescence quantum efficiency, and photoluminescence lifetime are discussed and what is known about defect tolerance in all-inorganic is compared relative to hybrid (organic-inorganic) perovskites. Subsequently, a unified approach is adopted for analyzing performance losses in perovskite solar cells based on breaking down the losses into several figures of merit representing recombination losses, resistive losses, and optical losses. Based on this detailed loss analysis, guidelines are eventually developed for future performance improvement of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Genghua Yan
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ruijiang Hong
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zongcun Liang
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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49
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Ren M, Qian X, Chen Y, Wang T, Zhao Y. Potential lead toxicity and leakage issues on lead halide perovskite photovoltaics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127848. [PMID: 34838362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead halide perovskite solar cells have become a promising next-generation photovoltaics candidate for large-scale application to realize low-cost renewable electricity generation. Although perovskite solar cells have tremendous advantages such as high photovoltaic performance, low cost and facile solution-based fabrication, the issues involving lead could be one of the main obstacles for its commercialization and large-scale applications. Lead has been widely used in photovoltaics industry, yielding its environmental and health issues of vital importance because of the widespread application of photovoltaics. When the solar cell panels especially perovskite solar cells are damaged, lead would possibly leak into the surrounding environment, causing air, soil and groundwater contamination. Therefore, lots of research efforts have been put into evaluating the lead toxicity and potential leakage issues, as well as studying the encapsulation of lead to deal with leakage issue during fire hazard and precipitation in photovoltaics. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on investigating the lead safety issue on photovoltaics, especially lead halide perovskite solar cells, and the corresponding solutions. We also outlook the future development towards solving the lead safety issues from different aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xufang Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
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50
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Hu Y, He Z, Jia X, Zhang S, Tang Y, Wang J, Wang M, Sun G, Yuan G, Han L. Dual Functions of Performance Improvement and Lead Leakage Mitigation of Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101257. [PMID: 34951516 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of performance of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the potential harm of water-soluble lead ion (Pb2+ ) to environment and public health is emerging as a major obstacle to their commercialization. Herein, an amphoteric phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) that is almost insoluble in water is added to the perovskite precursor to simultaneously regulate crystallization growth, passivate defects, and mitigate lead leakage of high-performance PSCs. Through systematic research, it is found that PBSA can not only regulate the crystallization of perovskite grains to form the film, but also passivate the defects of annealed films mainly due to the strong interaction between the functional groups in PBSA and Pb2+ , which greatly improves the crystallinity and stability of perovskite films. Consequently, the highest power conversion efficiency of 23.27% is achieved in 0.09 cm2 devices and 15.31% is obtained for large-area modules with an aperture area of 19.32 cm2 , along with negligible hysteresis and improved stability. Moreover, the leakage of lead ions from unpackaged devices is effectively prevented owing to the strong coupling between PBSA molecules and water-soluble Pb2+ to form insoluble complexes in water, which is of great significance to promote the application of optoelectronic devices based on lead-based perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- School of Physics and Photoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Zhengyan He
- School of Physics and Photoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Xiangrui Jia
- School of Physics and Photoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- School of Physics and Photoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Yanfeng Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Guangping Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Guoliang Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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