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Solstad AD, Denz PJ, Kenney AD, Mahfooz NS, Speaks S, Gong Q, Robinson RT, Long ME, Forero A, Yount JS, Hemann EA. IFN-λ uniquely promotes CD8 T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 relative to type I IFN. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171830. [PMID: 38973611 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimization of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 remains an urgent worldwide priority. In this regard, type III IFN (IFN-λ) restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, and treatment with IFN-λ limits infection, inflammation, and pathogenesis in murine models. Furthermore, IFN-λ has been developed for clinical use to limit COVID-19 severity. However, whether endogenous IFN-λ signaling has an effect on SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity and long-term immune protection in vivo is unknown. In this study, we identified a requirement for IFN-λ signaling in promoting viral clearance and protective immune programming in SARS-CoV-2 infection of mice. Expression of both IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) in the lungs were minimally affected by the absence of IFN-λ signaling and correlated with transient increases in viral titers. We found that IFN-λ supported the generation of protective CD8 T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 by facilitating accumulation of CD103+ DC in lung draining lymph nodes (dLN). IFN-λ signaling specifically in DCs promoted the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the proliferation of CD8 T cells. Intriguingly, antigen-specific CD8 T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 was independent of type I IFN signaling, revealing a nonredundant function of IFN-λ. Overall, these studies demonstrate a critical role for IFN-λ in protective innate and adaptive immunity upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that IFN-λ serves as an immune adjuvant to support CD8 T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail D Solstad
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Parker J Denz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Najmus S Mahfooz
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samuel Speaks
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiaoke Gong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T Robinson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew E Long
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and
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2
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Philip DT, Goins NM, Catanzaro NJ, Misumi I, Whitmire JK, Atkins HM, Lazear HM. Interferon lambda restricts herpes simplex virus skin disease by suppressing neutrophil-mediated pathology. mBio 2024; 15:e0262323. [PMID: 38426749 PMCID: PMC11005406 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02623-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λ) are antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that have been best characterized in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, but the effects of IFN-λ against skin infections have not been extensively investigated. We sought to define the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the highly prevalent human pathogen, herpes simplex virus (HSV). We infected mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1-/-), both the IFN-λ and the IFN-α/β receptors (Ifnar1-/-Ifnlr1-/-), or IFN-λ cytokines (Ifnl2/3-/-) and found that IFN-λ restricts the severity of HSV-1 and HSV-2 skin lesions without affecting viral loads. We used RNAseq to define IFN-λ- and IFN-β-induced transcriptional responses in primary mouse keratinocytes. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils was necessary to control HSV-1 skin lesion severity and that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed CXCL9-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the skin. Furthermore, depleting neutrophils or blocking CXCL9 protected against severe HSV-1 skin lesions in Ifnlr1-/- mice. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection and suggests potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.IMPORTANCEType III interferons (IFN-λ) have been shown to have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects at epithelial barriers such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but their effects on the skin have not been extensively investigated. We used mice lacking IFN-λ signaling to investigate the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which targets epithelial tissues to cause cold sores and genital herpes. We found that IFN-λ limited the severity of HSV skin lesions without affecting viral load and that this protective effect required IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils. We found that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed neutrophil recruitment to the skin and that depleting neutrophils protected against severe HSV skin lesions in the absence of IFN-λ. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection and suggests potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake T. Philip
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel M. Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ichiro Misumi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason K. Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Piperakis A, Galani IE, Andreakos E. Type III interferons in innate and adaptive immunity in the respiratory tract. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102430. [PMID: 38824869 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lambda interferons (IFNλs), also termed type III interferons (IFNs) or interleukins-28/29, have been in the shadow of type I IFNs for a long time. Their common induction mechanisms and signalling cascades with type I IFNs have made difficult the unwinding of their unique nonredundant functions. However, this is now changing with mounting evidence supporting a major role of IFNλs as a specialized antiviral defense system in the body, mediating protection at mucosal barrier surfaces while limiting immunopathology. Here, we review the latest progress on the complex activities of IFNλs in the respiratory tract, focusing on their multiple effects in IFNλ receptor-expressing cells, the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of infections and respiratory diseases, and their similarities and differences with type I IFNs. We also discuss their potential in therapeutic applications and the most recent developments in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemios Piperakis
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece.
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4
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Andreakos E. Type I and type III interferons: From basic biology and genetics to clinical development for COVID-19 and beyond. Semin Immunol 2024; 72:101863. [PMID: 38271892 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) constitute a key antiviral defense systems of the body, inducing viral resistance to cells and mediating diverse innate and adaptive immune functions. Defective type I and type III IFN responses have recently emerged as the 'Achilles heel' in COVID-19, with such patients developing severe disease and exhibiting a high risk for critical pneumonia and death. Here, we review the biology of type I and type III IFNs, their similarities and important functional differences, and their roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also appraise the various mechanisms proposed to drive defective IFN responses in COVID-19 with particular emphasis to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to suppress IFN production and activities, the genetic factors involved and the presence of autoantibodies neutralizing IFNs and accounting for a large proportion of individuals with severe COVID-19. Finally, we discuss the long history of the type I IFN therapeutics for the treatment of viral diseases, cancer and multiple sclerosis, the various efforts to use them in respiratory infections, and the newly emerging type III IFN therapeutics, with emphasis to the more recent studies on COVID-19 and their potential use as broad spectrum antivirals for future epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, BRFAA, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Rowe T, Davis W, Wentworth DE, Ross T. Differential interferon responses to influenza A and B viruses in primary ferret respiratory epithelial cells. J Virol 2024; 98:e0149423. [PMID: 38294251 PMCID: PMC10878268 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01494-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) cocirculate with influenza A viruses (IAV) and cause periodic epidemics of disease, yet antibody and cellular responses following IBV infection are less well understood. Using the ferret model for antisera generation for influenza surveillance purposes, IAV resulted in robust antibody responses following infection, whereas IBV required an additional booster dose, over 85% of the time, to generate equivalent antibody titers. In this study, we utilized primary differentiated ferret nasal epithelial cells (FNECs) which were inoculated with IAV and IBV to study differences in innate immune responses which may result in differences in adaptive immune responses in the host. FNECs were inoculated with IAV (H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 subtypes) or IBV (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages) and assessed for 72 h. Cells were analyzed for gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, and apical and basolateral supernatants were assessed for virus kinetics and interferon (IFN), respectively. Similar virus kinetics were observed with IAV and IBV in FNECs. A comparison of gene expression and protein secretion profiles demonstrated that IBV-inoculated FNEC expressed delayed type-I/II IFN responses and reduced type-III IFN secretion compared to IAV-inoculated cells. Concurrently, gene expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), a type-III IFN-induced gene that enhances adaptive immune responses, was significantly downregulated in IBV-inoculated FNECs. Significant differences in other proinflammatory and adaptive genes were suppressed and delayed following IBV inoculation. Following IBV infection, ex vivo cell cultures derived from the ferret upper respiratory tract exhibited reduced and delayed innate responses which may contribute to reduced antibody responses in vivo.IMPORTANCEInfluenza B viruses (IBV) represent nearly one-quarter of all human influenza cases and are responsible for significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts but do not pose the same pandemic risks as influenza A viruses (IAV) and have thus received much less attention. IBV accounts for greater severity and deaths in children, and vaccine efficacy remains low. The ferret can be readily infected with human clinical isolates and demonstrates a similar course of disease and immune responses. IBV, however, generates lower antibodies in ferrets than IAV following the challenge. To determine whether differences in initial innate responses following infection may affect the development of robust adaptive immune responses, ferret respiratory tract cells were isolated, infected with IAV/IBV, and compared. Understanding the differences in the initial innate immune responses to IAV and IBV may be important in the development of more effective vaccines and interventions to generate more robust protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rowe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - William Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ted Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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6
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Lv J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wu Y, Yu Q, Zhang M, Su W, Tang Z, Wu Q, Wu M, Xia Z. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates allergic airway inflammation by suppressing NF-κB-mediated pyroptosis of bronchial epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23472. [PMID: 38329323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300883rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Allergic asthma development and pathogenesis are influenced by airway epithelial cells in response to allergens. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of heme, has been considered an appealing target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report that alleviation of allergic airway inflammation by HO-1-mediated suppression of pyroptosis in airway epithelial cells (AECs). Using house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma models of mice, we found increased gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the airway epithelium. In vivo administration of disulfiram, a specific inhibitor of pore formation by GSDMD, decreased thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) release, T helper type 2 immune response, alleviated airway inflammation, and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). HO-1 induction by hemin administration reversed these phenotypes. In vitro studies revealed that HO-1 restrained GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and cytokine TSLP release in AECs by binding Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) p65 RHD domain and thus controlling NF-κB-dependent pyroptosis. These data provide new therapeutic indications for purposing HO-1 to counteract inflammation, which contributes to allergic inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianying Yu
- Department of Pulmonary, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Welham A, Chorvinsky E, Bhattacharya S, Bera BS, Salka K, Weinstock J, Chen XX, Perez GF, Pillai DK, Gutierrez MJ, Morizono H, Jaiswal J, Nino G. High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 38148520 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a primarily epithelial-derived cytokine that drives type 2 allergic immune responses. Early life viral respiratory infections elicit high TSLP production, which leads to the development of type 2 inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. The goal of this study was to examine in vivo and in vitro the human airway epithelial responses leading to high TSLP production during viral respiratory infections in early infancy. A total of 129 infants (<1-24 m, median age 10 m) with severe viral respiratory infections were enrolled for in vivo (n = 113), and in vitro studies (n = 16). Infants were classified as 'high TSLP' or 'low TSLP' for values above or below the 50th percentile. High versus low TSLP groups were compared in terms of type I-III IFN responses and production of chemokines promoting antiviral (CXCL10), neutrophilic (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8), and type 2 responses (CCL11, CCL17, CCL22). Human infant airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures were used to define the transcriptomic (RNAseq) profile leading to high versus low TSLP responses in vitro in the absence (baseline) or presence (stimulated) of a viral mimic (poly I:C). Infants in the high TSLP group had greater in vivo type III IFN airway production (median type III IFN in high TSLP 183.2 pg/mL vs. 63.4 pg/mL in low TSLP group, p = 0.007) and increased in vitro type I-III IFN AEC responses after stimulation with a viral mimic (poly I:C). At baseline, our RNAseq data showed that infants in the high TSLP group had significant upregulation of IFN signature genes (e.g., IFIT2, IFI6, MX1) and pro-inflammatory chemokine genes before stimulation. Infants in the high TSLP group also showed a baseline AEC pro-inflammatory state characterized by increased production of all the chemokines assayed (e.g., CXCL10, CXCL8). High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity and increased baseline AEC production of pro-inflammatory chemokines. These findings present a new paradigm underlying the production of TSLP in the human infant airway epithelium following early life viral exposure and shed light on the long-term impact of viral respiratory illnesses during early infancy and beyond childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Welham
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Chorvinsky
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Surajit Bhattacharya
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Betelehem Solomon Bera
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kyle Salka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jered Weinstock
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xilei Xu Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Geovanny F Perez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Oishei Children's Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria J Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Kim HW, Ko MK, Park SH, Shin S, Kim SM, Park JH, Lee MJ. Bestatin, A Pluripotent Immunomodulatory Small Molecule, Drives Robust and Long-Lasting Immune Responses as an Adjuvant in Viral Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1690. [PMID: 38006022 PMCID: PMC10675184 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An inactivated whole-virus vaccine is currently used to prevent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Although this vaccine is effective, it offers short-term immunity that requires regular booster immunizations and has several side effects, including local reactions at the vaccination site. To address these limitations, herein, we evaluated the efficacy of bestatin as a novel small molecule adjuvant for inactivated FMD vaccines. Our findings showed that the FMD vaccine formulated with bestatin enhanced early, intermediate-, and particularly long-term immunity in experimental animals (mice) and target animals (pigs). Furthermore, cytokines (interferon (IFN)α, IFNβ, IFNγ, and interleukin (IL)-29), retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I, and T-cell and B-cell core receptors (cluster of differentiation (CD)28, CD19, CD21, and CD81) markedly increased in the group that received the FMD vaccine adjuvanted with bestatin in pigs compared with the control. These results indicate the significant potential of bestatin to improve the efficacy of inactivated FMD vaccines in terms of immunomodulatory function for the simultaneous induction of potent cellular and humoral immune response and a long-lasting memory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Ja Lee
- Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (H.W.K.); (M.-K.K.); (S.H.P.); (S.S.); (S.-M.K.); (J.-H.P.)
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9
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Cao L, Qian W, Li W, Ma Z, Xie S. Type III interferon exerts thymic stromal lymphopoietin in mediating adaptive antiviral immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250541. [PMID: 37809098 PMCID: PMC10556530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was believed that type III interferon (IFN-III) has functions similar to those of type I interferon (IFN-I). However, recently, emerging findings have increasingly indicated the non-redundant role of IFN-III in innate antiviral immune responses. Still, the regulatory activity of IFN-III in adaptive immune response has not been clearly reported yet due to the low expression of IFN-III receptors on most immune cells. In the present study, we reviewed the adjuvant, antiviral, antitumor, and disease-moderating activities of IFN-III in adaptive immunity; moreover, we further elucidated the mechanisms of IFN-III in mediating the adaptive antiviral immune response in a thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-dependent manner, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in mucosal adaptive immunity. Research has shown that IFN-III can enhance the antiviral immunogenic response in mouse species by activating germinal center B (GC B) cell responses after stimulating TSLP production by microfold (M) cells, while in human species, TSLP exerts OX40L for regulating GC B cell immune responses, which may also depend on IFN-III. In conclusion, our review highlights the unique role of the IFN-III/TSLP axis in mediating host adaptive immunity, which is mechanically different from IFN-I. Therefore, the IFN-III/TSLP axis may provide novel insights for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyue Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenglong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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10
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Philip DT, Goins NM, Catanzaro NJ, Misumi I, Whitmire JK, Atkins HM, Lazear HM. Interferon lambda restricts herpes simplex virus skin disease by suppressing neutrophil-mediated pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557277. [PMID: 37745383 PMCID: PMC10515813 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-λ) are antiviral and immunomodulatory cytokines that have been best characterized in respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, but the effects of IFN-λ against skin infections have not been extensively investigated. We sought to define the skin-specific effects of IFN-λ against the highly prevalent human pathogen herpes simplex virus (HSV). We infected mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor (Ifnlr1-/-), both the IFN-λ and the IFN-αβ receptor (Ifnar1-/- Ifnlr1-/-), or IFN-λ cytokines (Ifnl2/3-/-) and found that IFN-λ restricts the severity of HSV-1 and HSV-2 skin lesions, independent of a direct effect on viral load. Using conditional knockout mice, we found that IFN-λ signaling in both keratinocytes and neutrophils was necessary to control HSV-1 skin lesion severity, and that IFN-λ signaling in keratinocytes suppressed CXCL9-mediated neutrophil recruitment to the skin. Furthermore, depleting neutrophils or blocking CXCL9 protected against severe HSV-1 skin lesions in Ifnlr1-/- mice. Altogether, our results suggest that IFN-λ plays an immunomodulatory role in the skin that restricts neutrophil-mediated pathology during HSV infection, and suggest potential applications for IFN-λ in treating viral skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake T. Philip
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nigel M. Goins
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Nicholas J. Catanzaro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ichiro Misumi
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jason K. Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Helen M. Lazear
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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11
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Avanthay R, Garcia-Nicolas O, Zimmer G, Summerfield A. NS1 and PA-X of H1N1/09 influenza virus act in a concerted manner to manipulate the innate immune response of porcine respiratory epithelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1222805. [PMID: 37565063 PMCID: PMC10410561 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1222805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated influenza A viruses (LAIV) may be superior to inactivated or subunit vaccines since they can be administered via mucosal routes to induce local immunity in the respiratory tract. In addition, LAIV are expected to trigger stronger T-cell responses that may protect against a broader range of antigen-drifted viruses. However, the development of LAIV is challenging since a proper balance between immunogenicity and safety has to be reached. In this study, we took advantage of reverse genetics to generate three LAIV based on the pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1/09) virus strain: ΔPA-X, which is defective in the synthesis of the accessory PA-X protein, NS1(1-126) lacking 93 amino acids at the C-terminus of the NS1 protein, and a combination of both. Characterization of these recombinant viruses using a novel porcine bronchiolar epithelial cell line (T3) revealed that the ΔPA-X mutant replicated similar to wild type (WT) virus. However, in contrast to the parental virus the ΔPA-X mutant allowed transcription of genes involved in cell cycle progression and limits apoptosis. The NS1(1-126) mutant also replicated comparable to WT virus, but triggered the release of type I and III IFN and several chemokines and cytokines. Surprisingly, only the NS1(1-126)/ΔPA-X double mutant was significantly attenuated on T3 cells, and this was associated with enhanced transcription of genes of the innate immune system and complete absence of apoptosis induction. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NS1 and PA-X act in a concerted manner to manipulate the host cell response, which may help to develop swine LAIV vaccine with a more favorable balance of safety and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Avanthay
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Obdulio Garcia-Nicolas
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Sasaki E, Asanuma H, Momose H, Furuhata K, Mizukami T, Matsumura T, Takahashi Y, Hamaguchi I. Systemically inoculated adjuvants stimulate pDC-dependent IgA response in local site. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:275-286. [PMID: 36935091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of local immunity by vaccination is desirable for controlling virus replication in the respiratory tract. However, the local immune stimulatory effects of adjuvanted vaccines administered through the non-mucosal route are poorly understood. Here, we clarify the mechanisms by which non-mucosal inoculation of adjuvants stimulates the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-dependent immunoglobulin (Ig)A response in the lungs. After systemic inoculation with type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducing adjuvants, type 1 IFN promotes CXCL9/10/11 release from alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells and recruits CXCR3-expressing pDCs into the lungs. Because adjuvant-activated pulmonary pDCs highly express major histocompatibility complex II, cluster of differentiation 80, and cluster of differentiation 86, transplantation of such cells into the lungs successfully enhances antigen-specific IgA production by the intranasally sensitized vaccine. In contrast, pDC accumulation in the lungs and subsequent IgA production are impaired in pDC-depleted mice and Ifnar1-/- mice. Notably, the combination of systemic inoculation with type 1 IFN-inducing adjuvants and intranasal antigen sensitization protects mice against influenza virus infection due to the pDC-dependent IgA response and type I IFN response. Our results provide insights into the novel mucosal vaccine strategies using non-mucosal inoculated adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideki Asanuma
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuhata
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Prior JT, Limbert VM, Horowitz RM, D'Souza SJ, Bachnak L, Godwin MS, Bauer DL, Harrell JE, Morici LA, Taylor JJ, McLachlan JB. Establishment of isotype-switched, antigen-specific B cells in multiple mucosal tissues using non-mucosal immunization. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:80. [PMID: 37258506 PMCID: PMC10231862 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most pathogens infect the human body via mucosal surfaces, very few injectable vaccines can specifically target immune cells to these tissues where their effector functions would be most desirable. We have previously shown that certain adjuvants can program vaccine-specific helper T cells to migrate to the gut, even when the vaccine is delivered non-mucosally. It is not known whether this is true for antigen-specific B cell responses. Here we show that a single intradermal vaccination with the adjuvant double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) induces a robust endogenous, vaccine-specific, isotype-switched B cell response. When the vaccine was intradermally boosted, we detected non-circulating vaccine-specific B cell responses in the lamina propria of the large intestines, Peyer's patches, and lungs. When compared to the TLR9 ligand adjuvant CpG, only dmLT was able to drive the establishment of isotype-switched resident B cells in these mucosal tissues, even when the dmLT-adjuvanted vaccine was administered non-mucosally. Further, we found that the transcription factor Batf3 was important for the full germinal center reaction, isotype switching, and Peyer's patch migration of these B cells. Collectively, these data indicate that specific adjuvants can promote mucosal homing and the establishment of activated, antigen-specific B cells in mucosal tissues, even when these adjuvants are delivered by a non-mucosal route. These findings could fundamentally change the way future vaccines are formulated and delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Prior
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vanessa M Limbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rebecca M Horowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shaina J D'Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Louay Bachnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew S Godwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David L Bauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jaikin E Harrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lisa A Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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14
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Ghorbani A, Ngunjiri JM, Edward C Abundo M, Pantin-Jackwood M, Kenney SP, Lee CW. Development of in ovo-compatible NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccines by modulation of hemagglutinin cleavage and polymerase acidic X frameshifting sites. Vaccine 2023; 41:1848-1858. [PMID: 36669965 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Emerging avian influenza viruses pose a high risk to poultry production, necessitating the need for more broadly protective vaccines. Live attenuated influenza vaccines offer excellent protective efficacies but their use in poultry farms is discouraged due to safety concerns related to emergence of reassortant viruses. Vaccination of chicken embryos inside eggs (in ovo) induces early immunity in young chicks while reduces the safety concerns related to the use of live vaccines on farms. However, in ovo vaccination using influenza viruses severely affects the egg hatchability. We previously engineered a high interferon-inducing live attenuated influenza vaccine candidate with an enhanced protective efficacy in chickens. Here, we asked whether we could further modify this high interferon-inducing vaccine candidate to develop an in ovo-compatible live attenuated influenza vaccine. We first showed that the enhanced interferon responses induced by the vaccine is not enough to attenuate the virus in ovo. To reduce the pathogenicity of the virus for chicken embryos, we replaced the hemagglutinin cleavage site of the H7 vaccine virus (PENPKTR/GL) with that of the H6-subtype viruses (PQIETR/GL) and disrupted the ribosomal frameshifting site responsible for viral polymerase acidic X protein expression. In ovo vaccination of chickens with up to 105 median egg infectious dose of the modified vaccine had minimal effects on hatchability while protecting the chickens against a heterologous challenge virus at two weeks of age. This study demonstrates that targeted genetic mutations can be applied to further attenuate and enhance the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccines to develop future in ovo vaccines for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghorbani
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - John M Ngunjiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Michael Edward C Abundo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Mary Pantin-Jackwood
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
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15
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He X, Chen X, Wang H, Du G, Sun X. Recent advances in respiratory immunization: A focus on COVID-19 vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 355:655-674. [PMID: 36787821 PMCID: PMC9937028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast majority of currently authorized human vaccinations are administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, exploring novel routes of immunization has been a prominent area of study in recent years. This is particularly relevant in the face of pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, where respiratory immunization offers distinct advantages, such as inducing systemic and mucosal responses to prevent viral infections in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and also leading to higher patient compliance. However, the development of respiratory vaccines confronts challenges due to the physiological barriers of the respiratory tract, with most of these vaccines still in the research and development stage. In this review, we detail the structure of the respiratory tract and the mechanisms of mucosal immunity, as well as the obstacles to respiratory vaccination. We also examine the considerations necessary in constructing a COVID-19 respiratory vaccine, including the dosage form of the vaccines, potential excipients and mucosal adjuvants, and delivery systems and devices for respiratory vaccines. Finally, we present a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 respiratory vaccines currently under clinical investigation. We hope this review can provide valuable insights and inspiration for the future development of respiratory vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Murillo-León M, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Endres NS, Schnepf D, Delgado-Betancourt E, Ohnemus A, Taylor GA, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Steinfeldt T. IFN-λ is protective against lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529861. [PMID: 36865100 PMCID: PMC9980175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early T. gondii infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-λ has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral T. gondii infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to T. gondii control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of T. gondii and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Murillo-León
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas S. Endres
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address:Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address: Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, NC 27705 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinfeldt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Tovo PA, Garazzino S, Savino F, Daprà V, Pruccoli G, Dini M, Filisetti G, Funiciello E, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Expressions of Type I and III Interferons, Endogenous Retroviruses, TRIM28, and SETDB1 in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1197-1217. [PMID: 36826024 PMCID: PMC9954910 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) play essential roles for the control of viral infections. Their expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is poorly defined. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent 8% of our genome and modulate inflammatory and immune reactions. TRIM28 and SETDB1 participate in the epigenetic regulation of genes involved in the immune response, including IFNs and HERVs. No study has explored the expression of HERVs, TRIM28, and SETDB1 during RSV bronchiolitis. We assessed, through a PCR real-time Taqman amplification assay, the transcription levels of six IFN-I ISGs, four IFNλs, the pol genes of HERV-H, -K, and -W families, the env genes of Syncytin (SYN)1 and SYN2, and of TRIM28/SETDB1 in whole blood from 37 children hospitalized for severe RSV bronchiolitis and in healthy children (HC). The expression of most IFN-I ISGs was significantly higher in RSV+ patients than in age-matched HC, but it was inhibited by steroid therapy. The mRNA concentrations of IFN-λs were comparable between patients and age-matched HC. This lack of RSV-driven IFN-III activation may result in the defective protection of the airway mucosal surface leading to severe bronchiolitis. The expression of IFN-III showed a positive correlation with age in HC, that could account for the high susceptibility of young children to viral respiratory tract infections. The transcription levels of every HERV gene were significantly lower in RSV+ patients than in HC, while the expressions of TRIM28/SETDB1 were overlapping. Given the negative impact of HERVs and the positive effects of TRIM28/SETDB1 on innate and adaptive immune responses, the downregulation of the former and the normal expression of the latter may contribute to preserving immune functions against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (P.-A.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Silvia Garazzino
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Care, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Daprà
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Pruccoli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Filisetti
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Care, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Funiciello
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: Correspondence: (P.-A.T.); (M.B.)
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18
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Li W, Liao C, Du J, Hu J, Wang L, Song X, He Z, Xiao X, Ye L. Increased expression of long-isoform thymic stromal lymphopoietin is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and fosters inflammatory responses. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079415. [PMID: 36726974 PMCID: PMC9885117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and asthma, but the expression and biological implications of the existence of two isoforms, long TSLP (lTSLP) and short TSLP (sTSLP), in RA have yet to be elucidated. Here we report that lTSLP is the predominant TSLP isoform in RA and active RA, whereas sTSLP is the major TSLP isoform in inactive RA and healthy controls. lTSLP expression is associated with disease activity, including 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression, irrespective of other laboratory parameters. Importantly, lTSLP alone or combined with LPS promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in PBMCs of RA, but restrains anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression in PBMCs of RA. Furthermore, we found that STAT5 signaling is involved in lTSLP-induced inflammatory accumulation in PBMCs of RA. Therefore, these results highlight the clinical significance of lTSLP in RA pathology and inflammatory response in acute-phase disease, which may provide a therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Liang Ye, ; Xiaohua Xiao, ; Zhendan He,
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Liang Ye, ; Xiaohua Xiao, ; Zhendan He,
| | - Liang Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Liang Ye, ; Xiaohua Xiao, ; Zhendan He,
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19
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Domeier PP, Rahman ZSM, Ziegler SF. B cell- and T cell-intrinsic regulation of germinal centers by thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd9413. [PMID: 36608149 PMCID: PMC10162646 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived and high-affinity antibodies are derived from germinal center (GC) activity, but the cytokines that regulate GC function are still being identified. Here, we show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signaling regulates the GC and the magnitude of antigen-specific antibody responses. Both GC B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells up-regulate the expression of surface TSLP receptor (TSLPR), but cell-specific loss of TSLPR results in distinct effects on GC formation and antibody production. TSLPR signaling on T cells supports the retention of antigen-specific B cells and TFH differentiation, whereas TSLPR in B cells regulates the generation of antigen-specific memory B cells. TSLPR in both cell types promotes interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression, which is important for efficient GC activity. Overall, we identified a previously unappreciated cytokine regulator of GCs and identified how this signaling pathway differentially regulates B and T cell responses in the GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P Domeier
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ziaur S M Rahman
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine that acts on multiple cell lineages, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival and recruitment. It is best known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses such as in allergic diseases and, in 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting TSLP was approved for the treatment of severe asthma. However, it is now clear that TSLP has many other important roles in a variety of settings. Indeed, several genetic variants for TSLP are linked to disease severity, and chromosomal alterations in TSLP are common in certain cancers, indicating important roles of TSLP in disease. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in TSLP biology, highlighting how it regulates the tissue environment not only in allergic disease but also in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Encouragingly, therapies targeting the TSLP pathway are being actively pursued for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Ebina-Shibuya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244041. [PMID: 36552805 PMCID: PMC9776768 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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22
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Beer J, Crotta S, Breithaupt A, Ohnemus A, Becker J, Sachs B, Kern L, Llorian M, Ebert N, Labroussaa F, Nhu Thao TT, Trueeb BS, Jores J, Thiel V, Beer M, Fuchs J, Kochs G, Wack A, Schwemmle M, Schnepf D. Impaired immune response drives age-dependent severity of COVID-19. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220621. [PMID: 36129445 PMCID: PMC9499827 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severity of COVID-19 shows an extraordinary correlation with increasing age. We generated a mouse model for severe COVID-19 and show that the age-dependent disease severity is caused by the disruption of a timely and well-coordinated innate and adaptive immune response due to impaired interferon (IFN) immunity. Aggravated disease in aged mice was characterized by a diminished IFN-γ response and excessive virus replication. Accordingly, adult IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice phenocopied the age-related disease severity, and supplementation of IFN-γ reversed the increased disease susceptibility of aged mice. Further, we show that therapeutic treatment with IFN-λ in adults and a combinatorial treatment with IFN-γ and IFN-λ in aged Ifnar1-/- mice was highly efficient in protecting against severe disease. Our findings provide an explanation for the age-dependent disease severity and clarify the nonredundant antiviral functions of type I, II, and III IFNs during SARS-CoV-2 infection in an age-dependent manner. Our data suggest that highly vulnerable individuals could benefit from immunotherapy combining IFN-γ and IFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sachs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Kern
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tran Thi Nhu Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Salome Trueeb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Stanbery AG, Shuchi Smita, Jakob von Moltke, Tait Wojno ED, Ziegler SF. TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25: Not just for allergy and helminth infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1302-1313. [PMID: 35863509 PMCID: PMC9742339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The release of cytokines from epithelial and stromal cells is critical for the initiation and maintenance of tissue immunity. Three such cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and IL-25, are important regulators of type 2 immune responses triggered by parasitic worms and allergens. In particular, these cytokines activate group 2 innate lymphoid cells, TH2 cells, and myeloid cells, which drive hallmarks of type 2 immunity. However, emerging data indicate that these tissue-associated cytokines are not only involved in canonical type 2 responses but are also important in the context of viral infections, cancer, and even homeostasis. Here, we provide a brief review of the roles of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and IL-25 in diverse immune contexts, while highlighting their relative contributions in tissue-specific responses. We also emphasize a biologically motivated framework for thinking about the integration of multiple immune signals, including the 3 featured in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash.
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24
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Sebina I, Rashid RB, Sikder MAA, Rahman MM, Ahmed T, Radford-Smith DE, Kotenko SV, Hill GR, Bald T, Phipps S. IFN-λ Diminishes the Severity of Viral Bronchiolitis in Neonatal Mice by Limiting NADPH Oxidase-Induced PAD4-Independent NETosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2806-2816. [PMID: 35675958 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infants with attenuated type III IFN (IFN-λ) responses are at increased risk of severe lower respiratory tract infection (sLRI). The IL-28Rα-chain and IL-10Rβ-chain form a heterodimeric receptor complex, necessary for IFN-λ signaling. Therefore, to better understand the immunopathogenic mechanisms through which an IFN-λlo microenvironment predisposes to a sLRI, we inoculated neonatal wild-type and IL-28R-deficient (IL-28R -/-) mice with pneumonia virus of mice, a rodent-specific pneumovirus. Infected IL-28R -/- neonates displayed an early, pronounced, and persistent neutrophilia that was associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NETosis, and mucus hypersecretion. Targeted deletion of the IL-28R in neutrophils was sufficient to increase neutrophil activation, ROS production, NET formation, and mucus production in the airways. Inhibition of protein-arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4), a regulator of NETosis, had no effect on myeloperoxidase expression, citrullinated histones, and the magnitude of the inflammatory response in the lungs of infected IL-28R -/- mice. In contrast, inhibition of ROS production decreased NET formation, cellular inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion. These data suggest that IFN-λ signaling in neutrophils dampens ROS-induced NETosis, limiting the magnitude of the inflammatory response and mucus production. Therapeutics that promote IFN-λ signaling may confer protection against sLRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sebina
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ridwan B Rashid
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin Sikder
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tufael Ahmed
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel E Radford-Smith
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and
- Institute for Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Phipps
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Manivasagam S, Williams JL, Vollmer LL, Bollman B, Bartleson JM, Ai S, Wu GF, Klein RS. Targeting IFN-λ Signaling Promotes Recovery from Central Nervous System Autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1341-1351. [PMID: 35181638 PMCID: PMC9012116 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type III IFNs (IFNLs) are newly discovered cytokines, acting at epithelial and other barriers, that exert immunomodulatory functions in addition to their primary roles in antiviral defense. In this study, we define a role for IFNLs in maintaining autoreactive T cell effector function and limiting recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Genetic or Ab-based neutralization of the IFNL receptor (IFNLR) resulted in lack of disease maintenance during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with loss of CNS Th1 effector responses and limited axonal injury. Phenotypic effects of IFNLR signaling were traced to increased APC function, with associated increase in T cell production of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Consistent with this, IFNL levels within lesions of CNS tissues derived from patients with MS were elevated compared with MS normal-appearing white matter. Furthermore, expression of IFNLR was selectively elevated in MS active lesions compared with inactive lesions or normal-appearing white matter. These findings suggest IFNL signaling as a potential therapeutic target to prevent chronic autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Manivasagam
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Lauren L Vollmer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Juliet M Bartleson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shenjian Ai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO;
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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26
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Wirusanti NI, Baldridge MT, Harris VC. Microbiota regulation of viral infections through interferon signaling. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:778-792. [PMID: 35135717 PMCID: PMC9344482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) response is the major early innate immune response against invading viral pathogens and is even capable of mediating sterilizing antiviral immunity without the support of the adaptive immune system. Cumulative evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can modulate IFN responses, indirectly determining virological outcomes. This review outlines our current knowledge of the interactions between the gut microbiota and IFN responses and dissects the different mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may alter IFN expression to diverse viral infections. This knowledge offers a basis for translating experimental evidence from animal studies into the human context and identifies avenues for leveraging the gut microbiota–IFN–virus axis to improve control of viral infections and performance of viral vaccines.
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27
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Khalil BA, Shakartalla SB, Goel S, Madkhana B, Halwani R, Maghazachi AA, AlSafar H, Al-Omari B, Al Bataineh MT. Immune Profiling of COVID-19 in Correlation with SARS and MERS. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010164. [PMID: 35062368 PMCID: PMC8778004 DOI: 10.3390/v14010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major complication of the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019, with a death rate reaching up to 40%. The main underlying cause of ARDS is a cytokine storm that results in a dysregulated immune response. This review discusses the role of cytokines and chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 and its predecessors SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, with particular emphasis on the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators that are shown to be correlated with disease severity. For this purpose, we reviewed and analyzed clinical studies, research articles, and reviews published on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. This review illustrates the role of the innate and adaptive immune responses in SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 and identifies the general cytokine and chemokine profile in each of the three infections, focusing on the most prominent inflammatory mediators primarily responsible for the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The current treatment protocols or medications in clinical trials were reviewed while focusing on those targeting cytokines and chemokines. Altogether, the identified cytokines and chemokines profiles in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 provide important information to better understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and highlight the importance of using prominent inflammatory mediators as markers for disease diagnosis and management. Our findings recommend that the use of immunosuppression cocktails provided to patients should be closely monitored and continuously assessed to maintain the desirable effects of cytokines and chemokines needed to fight the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The current gap in evidence is the lack of large clinical trials to determine the optimal and effective dosage and timing for a therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa A. Khalil
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Sarra B. Shakartalla
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani 2667, Sudan
| | - Swati Goel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Bushra Madkhana
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Azzam A. Maghazachi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.); (S.B.S.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (R.H.); (A.A.M.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba AlSafar
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; or
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-Research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 389, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; or
- KU Research and Data Intelligence Support Center (RDISC) AW 8474000331, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.A.-O.); (M.T.A.B.)
| | - Mohammad T. Al Bataineh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; or
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.A.-O.); (M.T.A.B.)
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28
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Amat JAR, Patton V, Chauché C, Goldfarb D, Crispell J, Gu Q, Coburn AM, Gonzalez G, Mair D, Tong L, Martinez-Sobrido L, Marshall JF, Marchesi F, Murcia PR. Long-term adaptation following influenza A virus host shifts results in increased within-host viral fitness due to higher replication rates, broader dissemination within the respiratory epithelium and reduced tissue damage. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010174. [PMID: 34919598 PMCID: PMC8735595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and consequences of genome evolution on viral fitness following host shifts are poorly understood. In addition, viral fitness -the ability of an organism to reproduce and survive- is multifactorial and thus difficult to quantify. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate broadly among wild birds and have jumped into and become endemic in multiple mammalian hosts, including humans, pigs, dogs, seals, and horses. H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) is an endemic virus of horses that originated in birds and has been circulating uninterruptedly in equine populations since the early 1960s. Here, we used EIV to quantify changes in infection phenotype associated to viral fitness due to genome-wide changes acquired during long-term adaptation. We performed experimental infections of two mammalian cell lines and equine tracheal explants using the earliest H3N8 EIV isolated (A/equine/Uruguay/63 [EIV/63]), and A/equine/Ohio/2003 (EIV/2003), a monophyletic descendant of EIV/63 isolated 40 years after the emergence of H3N8 EIV. We show that EIV/2003 exhibits increased resistance to interferon, enhanced viral replication, and a more efficient cell-to-cell spread in cells and tissues. Transcriptomics analyses revealed virus-specific responses to each virus, mainly affecting host immunity and inflammation. Image analyses of infected equine respiratory explants showed that despite replicating at higher levels and spreading over larger areas of the respiratory epithelium, EIV/2003 induced milder lesions compared to EIV/63, suggesting that adaptation led to reduced tissue pathogenicity. Our results reveal previously unknown links between virus genotype and the host response to infection, providing new insights on the relationship between virus evolution and fitness. As viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, their ability to replicate and spread within their hosts is key for survival, even if it leads to severe disease or death of the host. Understanding the consequences of long-term virus adaptation after viral emergence is key for pandemic preparedness. H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) originated in birds and has circulated in horses since 1963, thus providing unique opportunities to study virus adaptation. We compared the replication kinetics of two EIVs of the same lineage but with different evolutionary histories: the earliest virus (EIV/63, isolated in 1963), and EIV/2003, which was isolated after 40 years of continuous circulation in horses. Experimental infections of cell lines (MDCK and E.Derm cells) and equine respiratory explants show that EIV evolved towards enhanced replication and cell-to-cell spread; but reduced tissue damage, confirming that viral fitness is adaptive and does not necessarily result in higher virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien A. R. Amat
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Patton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Chauché
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Goldfarb
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Crispell
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Gu
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Coburn
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gaelle Gonzalez
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Daniel Mair
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Tong
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - John F. Marshall
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo R. Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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29
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Krammer S, Sicorschi Gutu C, Grund JC, Chiriac MT, Zirlik S, Finotto S. Regulation and Function of Interferon-Lambda (IFNλ) and Its Receptor in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731807. [PMID: 34899691 PMCID: PMC8660125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting people of all ages, especially children, worldwide. Origins of asthma are suggested to be placed in early life with heterogeneous clinical presentation, severity and pathophysiology. Exacerbations of asthma disease can be triggered by many factors, including viral respiratory tract infections. Rhinovirus (RV) induced respiratory infections are the predominant cause of the common cold and also play a crucial role in asthma development and exacerbations. Rhinovirus mainly replicates in epithelial cells lining the upper and lower respiratory tract. Type III interferons, also known as interferon-lambda (IFNλ), are potent immune mediators of resolution of infectious diseases but they are known to be involved in autoimmune diseases as well. The protective role of type III IFNs in antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiprotozoal functions is of major importance for our innate immune system. The IFNλ receptor (IFNλR) is expressed in selected types of cells like epithelial cells, thus orchestrating a specific immune response at the site of viruses and bacteria entry into the body. In asthma, IFNλ restricts the development of TH2 cells, which are induced in the airways of asthmatic patients. Several studies described type III IFNs as the predominant type of interferon increased after infection caused by respiratory viruses. It efficiently reduces viral replication, viral spread into the lungs and viral transmission from infected to naive individuals. Several reports showed that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects have a deficient response of type III interferon after RV infection ex vivo. Toll like Receptors (TLRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed on infectious agents, and induce the development of antiviral and antibacterial immunity. We recently discovered that activation of TLR7/8 resulted in enhanced IFNλ receptor mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, opening new therapeutic frontiers for rhinovirus-induced asthma. This article reviews the recent advances of the literature on the regulated expression of type III Interferons and their receptor in association with rhinovirus infection in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina Sicorschi Gutu
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina C Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mircea T Chiriac
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Møhlenberg M, Monrad I, Vibholm LK, Nielsen SSF, Frattari GS, Schleimann MH, Olesen R, Kjolby M, Gunst JD, Søgaard OS, O'Brien TR, Tolstrup M, Hartmann R. The Impact of IFNλ4 on the Adaptive Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:407-414. [PMID: 34788130 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms at the IFNL4 loci are known to influence the clinical outcome of several different infectious diseases. Best described is the association between the IFNL4 genotype and hepatitis C virus clearance. However, an influence of the IFNL4 genotype on the adaptive immune system was suggested by several studies but never investigated in humans. In this cross-sectional study, we have genotyped 201 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive participants for 3 IFNL4 polymorphisms (rs368234815, rs12979860, and rs117648444) and stratified them according to the IFNλ4 activity. Based on this stratification, we investigated the association between the IFNL4 genotype and the antibody as well as the CD8+ T cell response in the acute phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed no differences in the genotype distribution compared with a Danish reference cohort or the 1,000 Genome Project, and we were not able to link the IFNL4 genotype to changes in either the antibody or CD8+ T cell responses of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Møhlenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ida Monrad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Line K Vibholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Stine S F Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rikke Olesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,DANDRITE, Deptarment of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,University of Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas R O'Brien
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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31
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Ye L, Schnepf D, Ohnemus A, Ong LC, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Lycke N, Staeheli P. Interferon-λ Improves the Efficacy of Intranasally or Rectally Administered Influenza Subunit Vaccines by a Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749325. [PMID: 34659250 PMCID: PMC8511795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work showed that interferon-λ (IFN-λ) can trigger the synthesis of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by specialized epithelial cells in the upper airways of mice, thereby improving the performance of intranasally administered influenza vaccines. Here we demonstrate that protein-only influenza vaccines containing either IFN-λ or TSLP boosted antigen-specific IgG1 and IgA responses and enhanced the resistance of mice to influenza virus challenge, irrespective of whether the vaccines were applied via the intranasal or the rectal route. TSLP receptor deficiency negatively influenced vaccine-induced antiviral immunity by impairing the migration of dendritic cells from the airways to the draining lymph nodes of immunized mice, thereby restraining follicular helper T cell and germinal center B cell responses. As previously observed during intranasal vaccination, the adjuvant effect of IFN-λ on a rectally administered influenza vaccine was no longer observed when TSLP receptor-deficient mice were used for immunization, highlighting the central role of the IFN-λ/TSLP axis for vaccine-induced antiviral immunity in the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- Department of Immunology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Li Ching Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Jacobo-Delgado YM, Torres-Juarez F, Rodríguez-Carlos A, Santos-Mena A, Enciso-Moreno JE, Rivas-Santiago C, Diamond G, Rivas-Santiago B. Retinoic acid induces antimicrobial peptides and cytokines leading to Mycobacterium tuberculosis elimination in airway epithelial cells. Peptides 2021; 142:170580. [PMID: 34033876 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death by a single infectious agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Alveolar macrophages and respiratory epithelial cells are the first cells exposed to Mtb during the primary infection, once these cells are activated, secrete cytokines and antimicrobial peptides that are associated with the Mtb contention and elimination. Vitamins are micronutrients that function as boosters on the innate immune system, however, is unclear whether they have any protective activity during Mtb infection. Thus, we investigated the role of vitamin A (retinoic acid), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin D (calcitriol), and vitamin E (alfa-tocopherol) as inductors of molecules related to mycobacterial infection in macrophages and epithelial cells. Our results showed that retinoic acid promotes the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules such as Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), β-defensin-2, IL-1β, CCL20, β-defensin-3, Cathelicidin LL-37, TGF-β, and RNase 7, whereas calcitriol, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol lead to an anti-inflammatory response. Treatment of Mtb-infected epithelial cells and macrophage-like cells with the vitamins showed a differential response, where calcitriol reduced Mtb in macrophages, while retinoic acid reduced infection in epithelial cells. Thereby, we propose that a combination of calcitriol and retinoic acid supplementation can drive the immune response, and promotes the Mtb elimination by increasing the expression of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines, while simultaneously modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cesar Rivas-Santiago
- CONACYT-Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, University Autonomous of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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33
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Tovo PA, Garazzino S, Daprà V, Pruccoli G, Calvi C, Mignone F, Alliaudi C, Denina M, Scolfaro C, Zoppo M, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Galliano I, Bergallo M. COVID-19 in Children: Expressions of Type I/II/III Interferons, TRIM28, SETDB1, and Endogenous Retroviruses in Mild and Severe Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7481. [PMID: 34299101 PMCID: PMC8303145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have milder symptoms and a better prognosis than adult patients. Several investigations assessed type I, II, and III interferon (IFN) signatures in SARS-CoV-2 infected adults, however no data are available for pediatric patients. TRIM28 and SETDB1 regulate the transcription of multiple genes involved in the immune response as well as of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Exogenous viral infections can trigger the activation of HERVs, which in turn can induce inflammatory and immune reactions. Despite the potential cross-talks between SARS-CoV-2 infection and TRIM28, SETDB1, and HERVs, information on their expressions in COVID-19 patients is lacking. We assessed, through a PCR real time Taqman amplification assay, the transcription levels of six IFN-I stimulated genes, IFN-II and three of its sensitive genes, three IFN-lIIs, as well as of TRIM28, SETDB1, pol genes of HERV-H, -K, and -W families, and of env genes of Syncytin (SYN)1, SYN2, and multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MRSV) in peripheral blood from COVID-19 children and in control uninfected subjects. Higher expression levels of IFN-I and IFN-II inducible genes were observed in 36 COVID-19 children with mild or moderate disease as compared to uninfected controls, whereas their concentrations decreased in 17 children with severe disease and in 11 with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Similar findings were found for the expression of TRIM-28, SETDB1, and every HERV gene. Positive correlations emerged between the transcriptional levels of type I and II IFNs, TRIM28, SETDB1, and HERVs in COVID-19 patients. IFN-III expressions were comparable in each group of subjects. This preserved induction of IFN-λs could contribute to the better control of the infection in children as compared to adults, in whom IFN-III deficiency has been reported. The upregulation of IFN-I, IFN-II, TRIM28, SETDB1, and HERVs in children with mild symptoms, their declines in severe cases or with MIS-C, and the positive correlations of their transcription in SARS-CoV-2-infected children suggest that they may play important roles in conditioning the evolution of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Silvia Garazzino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Valentina Daprà
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giulia Pruccoli
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federica Mignone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carla Alliaudi
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Denina
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Carlo Scolfaro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marisa Zoppo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (F.M.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.P.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (M.D.); (F.L.); (U.R.); (I.G.)
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Sciences and Public Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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34
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Goel RR, Kotenko SV, Kaplan MJ. Interferon lambda in inflammation and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:349-362. [PMID: 33907323 PMCID: PMC8077192 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interferons are potent antiviral cytokines that modulate immunity in response to infection or other danger signals. In addition to their antiviral functions, type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Type III interferons (IFNλs) were initially described as a specialized system that inhibits viral replication at epithelial barrier surfaces while limiting inflammatory damage. However, evidence now suggests that type III interferons have complex effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses and might also be pathogenic in systemic autoimmune diseases. Concentrations of IFNλs are increased in blood and tissues in a number of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, and are further associated with specific clinical and laboratory parameters. This Review is aimed at providing a critical evaluation of the current literature on IFNλ biology and how type III interferons might contribute to immune dysregulation and tissue damage in autoimmunity. The potential effects of type III interferons on treatment strategies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as interferon blockade, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Goel
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Cell Signaling, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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35
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Chong ZZ, Souayah N. SARS-CoV-2 Induced Neurological Manifestations Entangles Cytokine Storm That Implicates For Therapeutic Strategies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2051-2074. [PMID: 33970839 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210506161543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can present with neurological symptoms and induce neurological complications. The involvement in both the central and peripheral nervous systems in COVID-19 patients has been associated with direct invasion of the virus and the induction of cytokine storm. This review discussed the pathways for the virus invasion into the nervous system and characterized the SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the immune responses and cytokine storm induction after SARS-CoV-2 infection were also discussed. Although some neurological symptoms are mild and disappear after recovery from infection, some severe neurological complications contribute to the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, the insight into the cause of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine storm in context with neurological complications will formulate the novel management of the disease and further identify new therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Zhong Chong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nizar Souayah
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street Room Suite 8100, Newark, NJ 07101, United States
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36
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Hahn WO, Pepper M, Liles WC. B cell intrinsic expression of IFNλ receptor suppresses the acute humoral immune response to experimental blood-stage malaria. Virulence 2021; 11:594-606. [PMID: 32407154 PMCID: PMC7549950 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1768329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a critical protective role in the host response to blood-stage malaria infection. The role of cytokines in shaping the antibody response to blood-stage malaria is unclear. Interferon lambda (IFNλ), a type III interferon, is a cytokine produced early during blood-stage malaria infection that has an unknown physiological role during malaria infection. We demonstrate that B cell-intrinsic IFNλ signals suppress the acute antibody response, acute plasmablast response, and impede acute parasite clearance during a primary blood-stage malaria infection. Our findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for B cell intrinsic IFNλ-signaling in the initiation of the humoral immune response in the host response to experimental malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Hahn
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, USA
| | - Marion Pepper
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, USA
| | - W Conrad Liles
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, USA
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37
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Guo J, Han X, Huang W, You Y, Jicheng Z. Interaction between IgA and gut microbiota and its role in controlling metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13155. [PMID: 33150692 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin isotype secreted into the mucosal tissues, mainly intestinal mucus. Humans can produce several grams of IgA every day, accounting for three quarters of the body's total immunoglobulin content. IgA, together with mucus and antimicrobial peptides, forms the first line of defence for intestinal epithelial cells, protecting them from a significant number of intestinal antigens. IgA also plays a principal role in controlling the gut microbiota (GM), and disruption in IgA can result in dysbiosis, such as the enrichment of Proteobacteria, which are generally bound by IgA. Proteobacteria overexpansion is also usually seen in obesity and colitis. Consistent with this, IgA dysfunction frequently results in metabolic syndrome (MetS), including conditions such as obesity, adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In contrast, enhanced IgA function can improve, and even prevent, MetS. Interactions among IgA, GM, and metabolism provide a promising avenue to combat MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Jicheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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38
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Shahbazi M, Amri Maleh P, Bagherzadeh M, Moulana Z, Sepidarkish M, Rezanejad M, Mirzakhani M, Ebrahimpour S, Ghorbani H, Ahmadnia Z, Javanian M, Bayani M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M. Linkage of Lambda Interferons in Protection Against Severe COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:149-152. [PMID: 33885337 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most recently discovered interferon (IFN) family, type III IFNs or lambda IFNs (IFN-λs) are caused by viral infection and act in mucosal barriers, such as the respiratory tract. In this study, we assessed the serum levels of IFN-λs in new coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Sixty-four COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study. All cases were divided into the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU groups according to their symptoms. Fourteen samples of healthy controls were also included. The serum levels of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2 were analyzed by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The concentrations of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2 induced in the serum of non-ICU patients (836.7 ± 284.6 and 798.8 ± 301.5 pg/mL, respectively) were higher than found in ICU patients (81.57 ± 34.25 and 48.32 ± 28.13 pg/mL, respectively) (P = 0.004 and P = 0.006, respectively) and healthy controls (85.57 ± 33.63 and 65.82 ± 21.26 pg/mL, respectively) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in the concentration of both cytokines between the ICU patients and healthy controls. We conclude that higher levels of IFN-λs are associated with decreased clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. These cytokines could be a promising therapeutic agent to avoid the overwhelming consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Parviz Amri Maleh
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bagherzadeh
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Moulana
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezanejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirzakhani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hosein Ghorbani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadnia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masomeh Bayani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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39
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Sposito B, Broggi A, Pandolfi L, Crotta S, Ferrarese R, Sisti S, Clementi N, Ambrosi A, Liu E, Frangipane V, Saracino L, Marongiu L, Facchini FA, Bottazzi A, Fossali T, Colombo R, Clementi M, Tagliabue E, Pontiroli AE, Meloni F, Wack A, Mancini N, Zanoni I. Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a function of the interferon landscape across the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.03.30.437173. [PMID: 33821280 PMCID: PMC8020981 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.30.437173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak driven by SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 2.5 million deaths globally, with the most severe cases characterized by over-exuberant production of immune-mediators, the nature of which is not fully understood. Interferons of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families are potent antivirals, but their role in COVID-19 remains debated. Our analysis of gene and protein expression along the respiratory tract shows that IFNs, especially IFN-III, are over-represented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19, while high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity; also, IFN expression varies with abundance of the cell types that produce them. Our data point to a dynamic process of inter- and intra-family production of IFNs in COVID-19, and suggest that IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Sposito
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Broggi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Sisti
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Enju Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, US
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Frangipane
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Saracino
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Facchini
- Dep. of Biotechnology and Biosciences and Ph.D. program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottazzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fossali
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Meloni
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Immunology, Boston, US
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, US
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40
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McKellar J, Rebendenne A, Wencker M, Moncorgé O, Goujon C. Mammalian and Avian Host Cell Influenza A Restriction Factors. Viruses 2021; 13:522. [PMID: 33810083 PMCID: PMC8005160 DOI: 10.3390/v13030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of a new influenza pandemic is real. With past pandemics claiming millions of lives, finding new ways to combat this virus is essential. Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect incoming pathogens, a phenomenon called sensing. The signaling cascade triggered by sensing subsequently induces protection for themselves and their surrounding neighbors, termed interferon (IFN) response. This response induces the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including antiviral effectors, establishing an antiviral state. As well as the antiviral proteins induced through the IFN system, cells also possess a so-called intrinsic immunity, constituted of antiviral proteins that are constitutively expressed, creating a first barrier preceding the induction of the interferon system. All these combined antiviral effectors inhibit the virus at various stages of the viral lifecycle, using a wide array of mechanisms. Here, we provide a review of mammalian and avian influenza A restriction factors, detailing their mechanism of action and in vivo relevance, when known. Understanding their mode of action might help pave the way for the development of new influenza treatments, which are absolutely required if we want to be prepared to face a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe McKellar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoine Rebendenne
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM/CNRS/UCBL1/ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Olivier Moncorgé
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Caroline Goujon
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
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41
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Støy S, Terczynska-Dyla E, Veidal SS, Rigbolt K, Vilstrup H, Grønbaek H, Hartmann R, Sandahl TD. Interferon lambda 4 genotype and pathway in alcoholic hepatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:304-311. [PMID: 33602032 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1874046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single nucleotide polymorphisms within the interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) gene influence liver inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver disease. We investigated whether this is also the case during acute liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis. We, therefore, related variants within the IFNL4 gene to the clinical course of acute alcoholic hepatitis, and characterized the activation state of the IFN lambda system in these patients. METHODS In this pilot study, 58 patients with alcoholic hepatitis were genotyped for the rs368234815IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphism (deltaG, deltaG/TT: IFN lambda 4 positive, TT/TT: IFN lambda 4 negative). The genotypes were related to mortality, infection and inflammation and expression of the IFNL receptor 1 and IFN inducible genes were measured in liver and peripheral leukocytes. RESULTS Amongst the alcoholic hepatitis patients who died, the IFN negative patients live longer after diagnosis, and also the IFN negative patients tended to have an overall short-term survival benefit compared to IFN lambda positive patients (p = .058). The IFN lambda 4 negative patients at diagnosis had fewer circulating monocytes and lower plasma soluble CD163. The patients with alcoholic hepatitis had reduced expression of the IFNL receptor 1in both liver and blood compared with healthy controls. In blood, the expression of IFN stimulated genes was lower than in healthy controls and most so in the patients, who died. CONCLUSIONS The IFN lambda 4 pathway seems involved in the acute disease processes of alcoholic hepatitis and patients without IFN lambda expression seem to have a short-term survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Støy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Sandahl
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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42
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Caterino M, Gelzo M, Sol S, Fedele R, Annunziata A, Calabrese C, Fiorentino G, D'Abbraccio M, Dell'Isola C, Fusco FM, Parrella R, Fabbrocini G, Gentile I, Andolfo I, Capasso M, Costanzo M, Daniele A, Marchese E, Polito R, Russo R, Missero C, Ruoppolo M, Castaldo G. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2941. [PMID: 33536486 PMCID: PMC7859398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent months, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the world. COVID-19 patients show mild, moderate or severe symptoms with the latter ones requiring access to specialized intensive care. SARS-CoV-2 infections, pathogenesis and progression have not been clearly elucidated yet, thus forcing the development of many complementary approaches to identify candidate cellular pathways involved in disease progression. Host lipids play a critical role in the virus life, being the double-membrane vesicles a key factor in coronavirus replication. Moreover, lipid biogenesis pathways affect receptor-mediated virus entry at the endosomal cell surface and modulate virus propagation. In this study, targeted lipidomic analysis coupled with proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins measurement were carried out in serum of COVID-19 patients characterized by different severity degree. Serum IL-26, a cytokine involved in IL-17 pathway, TSLP and adiponectin were measured and correlated to lipid COVID-19 patient profiles. These results could be important for the classification of the COVID-19 disease and the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Caterino
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Sol
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Fedele
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Annunziata
- Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria-1 utsir COVID, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiorentino
- Fisiopatologia e Riabilitazione Respiratoria-1 utsir COVID, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Abbraccio
- Dipartimento di malattie infettive ed urgenze infettivologiche, COVID Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Dell'Isola
- Dipartimento di malattie infettive ed urgenze infettivologiche, COVID Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Fusco
- Dipartimento di malattie infettive ed urgenze infettivologiche, COVID Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Parrella
- Dipartimento di malattie infettive ed urgenze infettivologiche, COVID Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Specialistica dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgica, Università degli Studi di Napoli, "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Russo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Missero
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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43
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Rebuli ME, Glista-Baker E, Hoffman JR, Duffney PF, Robinette C, Speen AM, Pawlak EA, Dhingra R, Noah TL, Jaspers I. Electronic-Cigarette Use Alters Nasal Mucosal Immune Response to Live-attenuated Influenza Virus. A Clinical Trial. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:126-137. [PMID: 33095645 PMCID: PMC7781000 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0164oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of tobacco smoke has been linked to increased risk of viral infection, such as influenza. Inhalation of electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol has also recently been linked to immune suppression within the respiratory tract, specifically the nasal mucosa. We propose that changes in the nasal mucosal immune response modify antiviral host-defense responses in e-cigarette users. Nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and e-cigarette users were inoculated with live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) to safely examine the innate immune response to influenza infection. Before and after LAIV inoculation, we collected nasal epithelial-lining fluid, nasal lavage fluid, nasal-scrape biopsy specimens, urine, and blood. Endpoints examined include cytokines and chemokines, influenza-specific IgA, immune-gene expression, and markers of viral load. Statistical analysis included primary comparisons of cigarette and e-cigarette groups with nonsmokers, as well as secondary analysis of demographic factors as potential modifiers. Markers of viral load did not differ among the three groups. Nasal-lavage-fluid anti-LAIV IgA levels increased in nonsmokers after LAIV inoculation but did not increase in e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers. LAIV-induced gene-expression changes in nasal biopsy specimens differed in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users as compared with nonsmokers, with a greater number of genes changed in e-cigarette users, mostly resulting in decreased expression. The top downregulated genes in cigarette smokers were SMPD3, NOS2A, and KLRB1, and the top downregulated genes in e-cigarette users were MR1, NT5E, and HRAS. Similarly, LAIV-induced cytokine levels in nasal epithelial-lining fluid differed among the three groups, including decreased antiviral host-defense mediators (IFNγ, IL6, and IL12p40). We also detected that sex interacted with tobacco-product exposure to modify LAIV-induced immune-gene expression. Our results demonstrate that e-cigarette use altered nasal LAIV-induced immune responses, including gene expression, cytokine and chemokine release, and LAIV-specific IgA levels. Together, these data suggest that e-cigarette use induces changes in the nasal mucosa that are consistent with the potential for altered respiratory antiviral host-defense function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02019745).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Rebuli
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine.,Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine
| | | | - Jessica R Hoffman
- Curriculum for the Environment and Ecology, College of Arts and Sciences
| | | | | | - Adam M Speen
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine
| | - Erica A Pawlak
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, and.,Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Terry L Noah
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine.,Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, and.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, and
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44
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Coto-Llerena M, Lepore M, Spagnuolo J, Di Blasi D, Calabrese D, Suslov A, Bantug G, Duong FH, Terracciano LM, De Libero G, Heim MH. Interferon lambda 4 can directly activate human CD19 + B cells and CD8 + T cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e201900612. [PMID: 33158978 PMCID: PMC7668538 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the ubiquitous expression of type I (IFNα and IFNβ) interferon receptors, type III (IFNλ) interferon receptors are mainly expressed in epithelial cells of mucosal barriers of the of the intestine and respiratory tract. Consequently, IFNλs are important for innate pathogen defense in the lung and intestine. IFNλs also determine the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, with IFNλ4 inhibiting spontaneous clearance of HCV. Because viral clearance is dependent on T cells, we explored if IFNλs can directly bind to and regulate human T cells. We found that human B cells and CD8+ T cells express the IFNλ receptor and respond to IFNλs, including IFNλ4. IFNλs were not inhibitors but weak stimulators of B- and T-cell responses. Furthermore, IFNλ4 showed neither synergistic nor antagonistic effects in co-stimulatory experiments with IFNλ1 or IFNα. Multidimensional flow cytometry of cells from liver biopsies of hepatitis patients from IFNλ4-producers showed accumulation of activated CD8+ T cells with a central memory-like phenotype. In contrast, CD8+ T cells with a senescent/exhausted phenotype were more abundant in IFNλ4-non-producers. It remains to be elucidated how IFNλ4 promotes CD8 T-cell responses and inhibits the host immunity to HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Immunology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Spagnuolo
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Immunology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Di Blasi
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Immunology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Suslov
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Ht Duong
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Immunology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Ghorbani A, Abundo MC, Ji H, Taylor KJM, Ngunjiri JM, Lee CW. Viral Subpopulation Screening Guides in Designing a High Interferon-Inducing Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine by Targeting Rare Mutations in NS1 and PB2 Proteins. J Virol 2020; 95:e01722-20. [PMID: 33115873 PMCID: PMC7944443 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01722-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses continue to circulate among wild birds and poultry worldwide, posing constant pandemic threats to humans. Effective control of emerging influenza viruses requires new broadly protective vaccines. Live attenuated influenza vaccines with truncations in nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) have shown broad protective efficacies in birds and mammals, which correlate with the ability to induce elevated interferon responses in the vaccinated hosts. Given the extreme diversity of influenza virus populations, we asked if we could improve an NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccine developed for poultry (PC4) by selecting viral subpopulations with enhanced interferon-inducing capacities. Here, we deconstructed a de novo population of PC4 through plaque isolation, created a large library of clones, and assessed their interferon-inducing phenotypes. While most of the clones displayed the parental interferon-inducing phenotype in cell culture, few clones showed enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes in cell culture and chickens. The enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes were linked to either a deletion in NS1 (NS1Δ76-86) or a substitution in polymerase basic 2 protein (PB2-D309N). The NS1Δ76-86 deletion disrupted the putative eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI-binding domain and promoted the synthesis of biologically active interferons. The PB2-D309N substitution enhanced the early transcription of interferon mRNA, revealing a novel role for the 309D residue in suppression of interferon responses. We combined these mutations to engineer a novel vaccine candidate that induced additive amounts of interferons and stimulated protective immunity in chickens. Therefore, viral subpopulation screening approaches can guide the design of live vaccines with strong immunostimulatory properties.IMPORTANCE Effectiveness of NS1-truncated live attenuated influenza vaccines relies heavily on their ability to induce elevated interferon responses in vaccinated hosts. Influenza viruses contain diverse particle subpopulations with distinct phenotypes. We show that live influenza vaccines can contain underappreciated subpopulations with enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes. The genomic traits of such virus subpopulations can be used to further improve the efficacy of the current live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghorbani
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael C Abundo
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Hana Ji
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kara J M Taylor
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - John M Ngunjiri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Stanifer ML, Guo C, Doldan P, Boulant S. Importance of Type I and III Interferons at Respiratory and Intestinal Barrier Surfaces. Front Immunol 2020; 11:608645. [PMID: 33362795 PMCID: PMC7759678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) constitute the first line of defense against microbial infections particularly against viruses. They provide antiviral properties to cells by inducing the expression of hundreds of genes known as interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The two most important IFNs that can be produced by virtually all cells in the body during intrinsic innate immune response belong to two distinct families: the type I and type III IFNs. The type I IFN receptor is ubiquitously expressed whereas the type III IFN receptor's expression is limited to epithelial cells and a subset of immune cells. While originally considered to be redundant, type III IFNs have now been shown to play a unique role in protecting mucosal surfaces against pathogen challenges. The mucosal specific functions of type III IFN do not solely rely on the restricted epithelial expression of its receptor but also on the distinct means by which type III IFN mediates its anti-pathogen functions compared to the type I IFN. In this review we first provide a general overview on IFNs and present the similarities and differences in the signal transduction pathways leading to the expression of either type I or type III IFNs. By highlighting the current state-of-knowledge of the two archetypical mucosal surfaces (e.g. the respiratory and intestinal epitheliums), we present the differences in the signaling cascades used by type I and type III IFNs to uniquely induce the expression of ISGs. We then discuss in detail the role of each IFN in controlling pathogen infections in intestinal and respiratory epithelial cells. Finally, we provide our perspective on novel concepts in the field of IFN (stochasticity, response heterogeneity, cellular polarization/differentiation and tissue microenvironment) that we believe have implications in driving the differences between type I and III IFNs and could explain the preferences for type III IFNs at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cuncai Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricio Doldan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Group “Cellular polarity and viral infection”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lozhkov AA, Klotchenko SA, Ramsay ES, Moshkoff HD, Moshkoff DA, Vasin AV, Salvato MS. The Key Roles of Interferon Lambda in Human Molecular Defense against Respiratory Viral Infections. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120989. [PMID: 33255985 PMCID: PMC7760417 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (MX1, OAS, IFITM1), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater and more durable production in nasal and respiratory tissues, they can determine the outcome of respiratory infections. This review is focused on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, with influenza as a prime example. The influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing up to half a million lethal infections annually. Moreover, the virus has been the cause of four pandemics over the last century. Although IFN-λ are increasingly being tested in antiviral therapy, they can have a negative influence on epithelial tissue recovery and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, IFN-λ expression deserves increased scrutiny as a key factor in the host immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Lozhkov
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Sergey A. Klotchenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Edward S. Ramsay
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Herman D. Moshkoff
- Russian Technological University (MIREA), 119454 Moscow, Russia;
- US Pharma Biotechnology, Inc., 5000 Thayer Center, Suite C, Oakland, MD 21550, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Moshkoff
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
- US Pharma Biotechnology, Inc., 5000 Thayer Center, Suite C, Oakland, MD 21550, USA
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrey V. Vasin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (A.V.V.)
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 196376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (E.S.R.)
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Global Virus Network(GVN), 725 W Lombard St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Quintana ME, Cardoso NP, Pereyra R, Barone LJ, Barrionuevo FM, Mansilla FC, Turco CS, Capozzo AV. Interferon lambda protects cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110145. [PMID: 33160262 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) plays an important role in inducing an antiviral state in mucosal surfaces and has been used as an effective biotherapeutic against several viral diseases. Here we performed a proof of concept study on the activity of a biologically active recombinant bovine IFN-λ (rIFN-λ) produced in eukaryotic cells against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in cattle. We first confirmed the lack of toxicity of different concentrations of rIFN-λ in bovine peripheral blood cells and the safety of its subcutaneous application in calves in doses up to 12 IU/kg. The antiviral activity of the rIFN-λ against BVDV was assessed in calves that were inoculated with 6 IU/kg of rIFN-λ (n = 4) or mock-treated (n = 2) two days before and after challenge with a BVDV type-2 non-cytopathic strain. Mock-treated animals developed respiratory disease, shedded the virus from 4 to 7 days post-infection (dpi) and had viremia between 4 and 14 dpi. Conversely, calves treated with rIFN-λ did not develop clinical symptoms. The virus was not found in nasal secretions or sera. Only one animal had a positive viral RNA detection in serum at 7 dpi. All infected animals treated with rIFN-λ increased systemic type-I IFNs levels at 4 dpi. The antiviral treatment induced an earlier onset of the anti-BVDV neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, these results constitute the proof-of-principle of bovine IFN-λ as an antiviral biotherapeutic to protect cattle against the clinical disease caused by BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Quintana
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Patricia Cardoso
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Pereyra
- Área de Investigación en Sanidad Animal IIACS-CIAP- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria EEA, INTA Cerrillos, Salta, Argentina
| | - Lucas José Barone
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Mariel Barrionuevo
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Celeste Mansilla
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Soledad Turco
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Victoria Capozzo
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. IVIT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Nicolás Repetto y Los Reseros s/n. Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Interferon-λ Enhances the Differentiation of Naive B Cells into Plasmablasts via the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Emerging Role of Mucosal Vaccine in Preventing Infection with Avian Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080862. [PMID: 32784697 PMCID: PMC7472103 DOI: 10.3390/v12080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs), as a zoonotic agent, dramatically impacts public health and the poultry industry. Although low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) incidence and mortality are relatively low, the infected hosts can act as a virus carrier and provide a resource pool for reassortant influenza viruses. At present, vaccination is the most effective way to eradicate AIVs from commercial poultry. The inactivated vaccines can only stimulate humoral immunity, rather than cellular and mucosal immune responses, while failing to effectively inhibit the replication and spread of AIVs in the flock. In recent years, significant progresses have been made in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the vaccine antigen activities at the mucosal surfaces and the development of safe and efficacious mucosal vaccines that mimic the natural infection route and cut off the AIVs infection route. Here, we discussed the current status and advancement on mucosal immunity, the means of establishing mucosal immunity, and finally a perspective for design of AIVs mucosal vaccines. Hopefully, this review will help to not only understand and predict AIVs infection characteristics in birds but also extrapolate them for distinction or applicability in mammals, including humans.
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