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Ahmed M, Farris E, Swanson RV, Das S, Yang Y, Martin T, Khader SA. Saponin TQL1055 adjuvant-containing vaccine confers protection upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302070. [PMID: 38190806 PMCID: PMC10793695 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affects the lungs of infected individuals (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The only licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) protects infants and young children but exhibits variable efficacy in protecting against adult pulmonary TB. Poor compliance and prolonged treatment regimens associated with the use of chemotherapy has contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Thus, there is an urgent need for the design of more effective vaccines against TB. The development of safe and novel adjuvants for human use is critical. In this study, we demonstrate that saponin-based TQL1055 adjuvant when formulated with a TLR4 agonist (PHAD) and Mtb specific immunodominant antigens (ESAT-6 and Ag85B) and delivered intramuscularly in mice, the SA-TB vaccine induced potent lung immune responses. Additionally, the SA-TB vaccine conferred significant protection against Mtb infection, comparable with levels induced by BCG. These findings support the development of a SA-TB vaccine comprising TQL1055, as a novel, safe and effective TB vaccine for potential use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Farris
- Adjuvance Technologies Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rosemary V. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Sun M, Phan JM, Kieswetter NS, Huang H, Yu KKQ, Smith MT, Liu YE, Wang C, Gupta S, Obermoser G, Maecker HT, Krishnan A, Suresh S, Gupta N, Rieck M, Acs P, Ghanizada M, Chiou SH, Khatri P, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Stein CM, Mayanja-Kizza H, Davis MM, Seshadri C. Specific CD4 + T cell phenotypes associate with bacterial control in people who 'resist' infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1411-1421. [PMID: 38997431 PMCID: PMC11291275 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A subset of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that we refer to as 'resisters' (RSTR) show evidence of IFN-γ- T cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens despite serially negative results on clinical testing. Here we found that Mtb-specific T cells in RSTR were clonally expanded, confirming the priming of adaptive immune responses following Mtb exposure. RSTR CD4+ T cells showed enrichment of TH17 and regulatory T cell-like functional programs compared to Mtb-specific T cells from individuals with latent Mtb infection. Using public datasets, we showed that these TH17 cell-like functional programs were associated with lack of progression to active tuberculosis among South African adolescents with latent Mtb infection and with bacterial control in nonhuman primates. Our findings suggested that RSTR may successfully control Mtb following exposure and immune priming and established a set of T cell biomarkers to facilitate further study of this clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jolie M Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan S Kieswetter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiran E Liu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medicine Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanjana Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerlinde Obermoser
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden Terry Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshaya Krishnan
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sundari Suresh
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary Rieck
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Acs
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mustafa Ghanizada
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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3
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Satti I, Marshall JL, Harris SA, Wittenberg R, Tanner R, Lopez Ramon R, Wilkie M, Ramos Lopez F, Riste M, Wright D, Peralta Alvarez MP, Williams N, Morrison H, Stylianou E, Folegatti P, Jenkin D, Vermaak S, Rask L, Cabrera Puig I, Powell Doherty R, Lawrie A, Moss P, Hinks T, Bettinson H, McShane H. Safety of a controlled human infection model of tuberculosis with aerosolised, live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG versus intradermal BCG in BCG-naive adults in the UK: a dose-escalation, randomised, controlled, phase 1 trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:909-921. [PMID: 38621405 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis. BCG, the only licensed vaccine, provides inadequate protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Controlled human infection models are useful tools for vaccine development. We aimed to determine a safe dose of aerosol-inhaled live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a surrogate for M tuberculosis infection, then compare the safety and tolerability of infection models established using aerosol-inhaled and intradermally administered BCG. METHODS This phase 1 controlled human infection trial was conducted at two clinical research facilities in the UK. Healthy, immunocompetent adults aged 18-50 years, who were both M tuberculosis-naive and BCG-naive and had no history of asthma or other respiratory diseases, were eligible for the trial. Participants were initially enrolled into group 1 (receiving the BCG Danish strain); the trial was subsequently paused because of a worldwide shortage of BCG Danish and, after protocol amendment, was restarted using the BCG Bulgaria strain (group 2). After a dose-escalation study, during which participants were sequentially allocated to receive either 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, or 1 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of aerosol BCG, the maximum tolerated dose was selected for the randomised controlled trial. Participants in this trial were randomly assigned (9:12), by variable block randomisation and using sequentially numbered sealed envelopes, to receive aerosol BCG (1 × 107 CFU) and intradermal saline or intradermal BCG (1 × 106 CFU) and aerosol saline. Participants were masked to treatment allocation until day 14. The primary outcome was to compare the safety of a controlled human infection model based on aerosol-inhaled BCG versus one based on intradermally administered BCG, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate BCG recovery in the airways of participants who received aerosol BCG or skin biopsies of participants who received intradermal BCG. BCG was detected by culture and by PCR. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02709278, and is complete. FINDINGS Participants were assessed for eligibility between April 7, 2016, and Sept 29, 2018. For group 1, 15 participants were screened, of whom 13 were enrolled and ten completed the study; for group 2, 60 were screened and 33 enrolled, all of whom completed the study. Doses up to 1 × 107 CFU aerosol-inhaled BCG were sufficiently well tolerated. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of adverse events between aerosol and intradermal groups (median percentage of solicited adverse events per participant, post-aerosol vs post-intradermal BCG: systemic 7% [IQR 2-11] vs 4% [1-13], p=0·62; respiratory 7% [1-19] vs 4% [1-9], p=0·56). More severe systemic adverse events occurred in the 2 weeks after aerosol BCG (15 [12%] of 122 reported systemic adverse events) than after intradermal BCG (one [1%] of 94; difference 11% [95% CI 5-17]; p=0·0013), but no difference was observed in the severity of respiratory adverse events (two [1%] of 144 vs zero [0%] of 97; 1% [-1 to 3]; p=0·52). All adverse events after aerosol BCG resolved spontaneously. One serious adverse event was reported-a participant in group 2 was admitted to hospital to receive analgesia for a pre-existing ovarian cyst, which was deemed unrelated to BCG infection. On day 14, BCG was cultured from bronchoalveolar lavage samples after aerosol infection and from skin biopsy samples after intradermal infection. INTERPRETATION This first-in-human aerosol BCG controlled human infection model was sufficiently well tolerated. Further work will evaluate the utility of this model in assessing vaccine efficacy and identifying potential correlates of protection. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley Clinical Research Network, and TBVAC2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Morven Wilkie
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael Riste
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicola Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Jenkin
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Linnea Rask
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alison Lawrie
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy Hinks
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Bettinson
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Andrews JR. Recasting resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1316-1318. [PMID: 39048789 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Andrews
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Jauro S, Larson EC, Gleim JL, Wahlberg BM, Rodgers MA, Chehab JC, Lopez-Velazques AE, Ameel CL, Tomko JA, Sakal JL, DeMarco T, Borish HJ, Maiello P, Potter EL, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, Scanga CA. Intravenous BCG induces a more potent airway and lung immune response than intradermal BCG in SIV-infected macaques 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603921. [PMID: 39091805 PMCID: PMC11291007 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates Mtb infection outcomes in people living with HIV (PLWH). Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, is effective in infants, but its efficacy in adolescents and adults is limited. Here, we investigated the immune responses elicited by BCG administered via intravenous (IV) or intradermal (ID) routes in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) without the confounding effects of Mtb challenge. We assessed the impact of vaccination on T cell responses in the airway, blood, and tissues (lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and spleen), as well as the expression of cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and key transcription factors. Our results showed that IV BCG induces a robust and sustained immune response, including tissue-resident memory T (T RM ) cells in lungs, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8αβ+ T cells expressing multiple cytokines, and CD8αβ+ T cells and NK cells expressing cytotoxic effectors in airways. We also detected higher levels of mycobacteria-specific IgG and IgM in the airways of IV BCG-vaccinated MCM. Although IV BCG vaccination resulted in an influx of T RM cells in lungs of MCM with controlled SIV replication, MCM with high plasma SIV RNA (>10 5 copies/mL) typically displayed reduced T cell responses, suggesting that uncontrolled SIV or HIV replication would have a detrimental effect on IV BCG-induced protection against Mtb.
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6
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Derrick SC, Yang A, Cowley S. Enhanced efficacy of BCG vaccine formulated in adjuvant is dependent on IL-17A expression. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102540. [PMID: 39002310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
A new, more effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed to curtail the current TB problem. The only licensed vaccine, BCG, has been shown to have highly variable protective efficacy in several clinical trials ranging from zero to 80 % against TB disease. We have previously reported that BCG formulated in dimethyl dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide (DDA) with D-(+)-Trehalose 6,6'-Dibehenate (TDB) adjuvant (BCG + Adj) is significantly more protective than BCG alone following murine aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Here we investigate the immunological basis for this improved efficacy by examining expression of different immune markers and cytokines in the lungs of vaccinated mice after M. tuberculosis aerosol challenge. We found significantly greater numbers of pulmonary IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells in mice immunized with BCG+Adj as compared to nonvaccinated and BCG-immunized mice at one-month post-challenge and that the enhanced protection was abrogated in IL-17A-deficient mice. Furthermore, we found significantly higher levels of IL-17A, IL-12p40 and IL-33 expression in the lungs of BCG + Adj immunized animals relative to nonvaccinated mice after M. tuberculosis challenge. These results demonstrate that the DDA/TDB adjuvant increases expression of IL-17A in response to the BCG vaccine and that these augmented IL-17A levels enhance control of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Derrick
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Amy Yang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Siobhan Cowley
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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7
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Guo F, Wei J, Song Y, Song J, Wang Y, Li K, Li B, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H, Xu T. Immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) upon co-administration with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in mice. Cytokine 2024; 179:156610. [PMID: 38640558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To preliminarily assess the immunogenicity of Mtb-HAg in mice and the synergistic effect provided by HAg when co-immunised with BCG. METHODS Mice were randomly grouped for different immunisations and then spleens were aseptically removed and lymphocytes were extracted for immediate detection of cytokines transcript levels and stimulation index(SI), cytokine secretion and multifunctional antigen-specific T cells were detected after incubation for different times. RESULTS HAg extracted from active Mtb is a group of mixed polypeptides with molecular weights of (10-14) kDa. It can significantly stimulate lymphocytes proliferation and increase SI. Injection of HAg alone and in combination with BCG induced significantly higher numbers of multifunctional antigen-specific T cells including CD4+ IFN-γ+, CD4+ IL-2+, CD8+ IFN-γ+, and CD8+ IL-2+ cells than that in BCG-treated mice. Co-immunisation induced the secretion of higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-4 and increased their mRNA expression levels. Significant increases in the transcription levels of IL-10, IL-12 and IL-17 were observed in the co-immunised group with the assistance of HAg. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that HAg has favourable immunogenicity, triggers a stronger Th1-type immune response and proposed the hypothesis that HAg can be used as a BCG booster to further enhance the benefits of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Guo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Yamin Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Jianhan Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Baiqing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hetian 848000, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Research Center of Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Molecular Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
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8
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Abdelwahab WM, Le-Vinh B, Riffey A, Hicks L, Buhl C, Ettenger G, Jackson KJ, Weiss AM, Miller S, Ryter K, Evans JT, Burkhart DJ. Promotion of Th17 Polarized Immunity via Co-Delivery of Mincle Agonist and Tuberculosis Antigen Using Silica Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3877-3889. [PMID: 38832760 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants and immunomodulators that effectively drive a Th17-skewed immune response are not part of the standard vaccine toolkit. Vaccine adjuvants and delivery technologies that can induce Th17 or Th1/17 immunity and protection against bacterial pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB), are urgently needed. Th17-polarized immune response can be induced using agonists that bind and activate C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) such as macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). A simple but effective strategy was developed for codelivering Mincle agonists with the recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion antigen, M72, using tunable silica nanoparticles (SNP). Anionic bare SNP, hydrophobic phenyl-functionalized SNP (P-SNP), and cationic amine-functionalized SNP (A-SNP) of different sizes were coated with three synthetic Mincle agonists, UM-1024, UM-1052, and UM-1098, and evaluated for adjuvant activity in vitro and in vivo. The antigen and adjuvant were coadsorbed onto SNP via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, facilitating multivalent display and delivery to antigen presenting cells. The cationic A-SNP showed the highest coloading efficiency for the antigen and adjuvant. In addition, the UM-1098-adsorbed A-SNP formulation demonstrated slow-release kinetics in vitro, excellent stability over 12 months of storage, and strong IL-6 induction from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Co-adsorption of UM-1098 and M72 on A-SNP significantly improved antigen-specific humoral and Th17-polarized immune responses in vivo in BALB/c mice relative to the controls. Taken together, A-SNP is a promising platform for codelivery and proper presentation of adjuvants and antigens and provides the basis for their further development as a vaccine delivery platform for immunization against TB or other diseases for which Th17 immunity contributes to protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid M Abdelwahab
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Alexander Riffey
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Linda Hicks
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Cassandra Buhl
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - George Ettenger
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Konner J Jackson
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Adam M Weiss
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Shannon Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Kendal Ryter
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David J Burkhart
- Center for Translational Medicine, 32 campus drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Inimmune Corporation, 1121 East Broadway, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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9
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Stylianou E, Satti I. Inhaled aerosol viral-vectored vaccines against tuberculosis. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 66:101408. [PMID: 38574628 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), despite its variable efficacy in protecting against pulmonary TB. The development of effective TB vaccines faces significant challenges, marked by the absence of validated correlates of protection and predictive animal models. Strategic approaches to enhance TB vaccines and augment BCG efficacy include utilising prime-boost strategies with viral-vectored vaccines and exploring innovative delivery techniques, such as mucosal vaccine administration. Viral vectors offer numerous advantages, including the capacity to accommodate genes encoding extensive antigenic fragments and the induction of robust immune responses. Aerosol delivery aligns with the route of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and holds the potential to enhance protective mucosal immunity. Aerosolised viral-vectored vaccines overcome anti-vector immunity, facilitating repeated aerosol deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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10
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Cao X, Fu YX, Peng H. Promising Cytokine Adjuvants for Enhancing Tuberculosis Vaccine Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:477. [PMID: 38793728 PMCID: PMC11126114 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), remains a formidable global health challenge, affecting a substantial portion of the world's population. The current tuberculosis vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), offers limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, underscoring the critical need for innovative vaccination strategies. Cytokines are pivotal in modulating immune responses and have been explored as potential adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. The strategic inclusion of cytokines as adjuvants in tuberculosis vaccines holds significant promise for augmenting vaccine-induced immune responses and strengthening protection against M. tuberculosis. This review delves into promising cytokines, such as Type I interferons (IFNs), Type II IFN, interleukins such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21, alongside the use of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant, which has shown effectiveness in boosting immune responses and enhancing vaccine efficacy in tuberculosis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China;
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
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11
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da Costa C, Benn CS, Nyirenda T, Mpabalwani E, Grewal HMS, Ahmed R, Kapata N, Nyasulu PS, Maeurer M, Hui DS, Goletti D, Zumla A. Perspectives on development and advancement of new tuberculosis vaccines. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141S:106987. [PMID: 38417616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death worldwide and is estimated to have caused 1.3 million deaths worldwide in 2022. Approximately one quarter of the world's population are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, of whom up to 10% will progress to developing active TB disease. Achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets of a 95% reduction in TB mortality and a 90% reduction in TB incidence worldwide by 2035 remains a daunting task. The continuing spread of multidrug-resistant TB adds another obstacle to achieving global TB control. Larger funding pledges coupled with technological advances have recently enabled the enhancement of TB vaccine development efforts. These are yielding a pipeline of over 17 products currently in different stages of clinical trials. Emerging promising phase I and II trial results and advancement to phase III trials have necessitated "vaccine preparedness" in parallel so that a smooth transition from any positive clinical trial result to phase IV evaluation and implementation into policy and practice can follow. Promotion of a human rights-based approach, which recognizes and upholds the fundamental rights of all affected by the disease, is essential to ensure universal access to quality TB vaccines, regardless of their background or personal circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher da Costa
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, USA; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Research and Development Division, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Christine S Benn
- Bandim Health Project, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Clinical Research and Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nyirenda
- European Developing Countries Clinical Trials partnership (EDCTP) Africa Office, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evans Mpabalwani
- University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Harleen M S Grewal
- University of Bergen, Department of Clinical Science, Bergen Integrated Diagnostic Stewardship Cluster, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital, and University of Bolton, Farnworth, Bolton, UK
| | - Nathan Kapata
- Zambia National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- Stellenbosch University, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; Johannes Gutenberg University, I Medizinische Klinik, Mainz, Germany
| | - David S Hui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and S. H. Ho Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Delia Goletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- University College London, Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Ogongo P, Wassie L, Tran A, Columbus D, Sharling L, Ouma G, Ouma SG, Bobosha K, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Gandhi NR, Auld SC, Rengarajan J, Day CL, Altman JD, Blumberg HM, Ernst JD. Rare Variable M. tuberculosis Antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583634. [PMID: 38496518 PMCID: PMC10942433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are essential for immunity to M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and emerging evidence indicates that IL-17-producing Th17 cells contribute to immunity to Mtb. While identifying protective T cell effector functions is important for TB vaccine design, T cell antigen specificity is also likely to be important. To identify antigens that induce protective immunity, we reasoned that as in other pathogens, effective immune recognition drives sequence diversity in individual Mtb antigens. We previously identified Mtb genes under evolutionary diversifying selection pressure whose products we term Rare Variable Mtb Antigens (RVMA). Here, in two distinct human cohorts with recent exposure to TB, we found that RVMA preferentially induce CD4 T cells that express RoRγt and produce IL-17, in contrast to 'classical' Mtb antigens that induce T cells that produce IFNγ. Our results suggest that RVMA can be valuable antigens in vaccines for those already infected with Mtb to amplify existing antigen-specific Th17 responses to prevent TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liya Wassie
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anthony Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devin Columbus
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Sharling
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Neel R. Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara C. Auld
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John D. Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry M. Blumberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Lawrence A. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination and Protection Against Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56643. [PMID: 38646352 PMCID: PMC11032142 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains a cornerstone in global efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB), a persistent public health threat worldwide. The purpose of this systematic review is to find out how well BCG revaccination protects against TB. This systematic review synthesized recent studies investigating the efficacy of BCG vaccination in preventing TB infection and disease. A total of 15 relevant publications were identified through a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies involving humans, written in English, and categorized as case-control, cohort, meta-analysis, or full-text. Studies were selected based on their relevance to BCG revaccination and protection against TB, and a standardized data extraction form was used to gather pertinent information from each study. Quality assessment was conducted using established tools to evaluate the rigor, study design, and risk of bias in each included study. The findings revealed significant insights into BCG's effectiveness across different populations and age groups. Several studies demonstrated a substantial reduction in latent TB infection (LTBI) and incidence rates of TB following BCG vaccination. However, the protective efficacy of BCG revaccination varied across studies and populations, with some indicating modest protection against TB disease development, particularly in high-risk populations like healthcare workers. Furthermore, investigations into the immunological mechanisms underlying BCG's protective efficacy provided valuable insights into cytokine/chemokine profiles and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Lawrence
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Bioluminux Clinical Research, Naperville, USA
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14
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Kaur A, Vaccari M. Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects. Viruses 2024; 16:368. [PMID: 38543734 PMCID: PMC10974975 DOI: 10.3390/v16030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with millions of people affected and new cases emerging each year. While various treatment and prevention methods exist, including antiretroviral therapy and non-vaccine approaches, developing an effective vaccine remains the most crucial and cost-effective solution to combating the HIV epidemic. Despite significant advancements in HIV research, the HIV vaccine field has faced numerous challenges, and only one clinical trial has demonstrated a modest level of efficacy. This review delves into the history of HIV vaccines and the current efforts in HIV prevention, emphasizing pre-clinical vaccine development using the non-human primate model (NHP) of HIV infection. NHP models offer valuable insights into potential preventive strategies for combating HIV, and they play a vital role in informing and guiding the development of novel vaccine candidates before they can proceed to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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15
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Painter H, Harriss E, Fletcher HA, McShane H, Tanner R. Development and application of the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay: a systematic review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355983. [PMID: 38380319 PMCID: PMC10877019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction First described by Wallis et al. in 2001 for the assessment of TB drugs, the direct mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) offers a tractable ex vivo tool measuring the combined influences of host immunity, strain virulence and intervention effects. Over the past 13 years, we have led efforts to adapt the direct MGIA for the assessment of TB vaccines including optimisation, harmonisation and validation of BCG vaccine-induced responses as a benchmark, as well as assay transfer to institutes worldwide. Methods We have performed a systematic review on the primary published literature describing the development and applications of the direct MGIA from 2001 to June 2023 in accordance with the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results We describe 63 studies in which the direct MGIA has been applied across species for the evaluation of TB drugs and novel TB vaccine candidates, the study of clinical cohorts including those with comorbidities, and to further understanding of potential immune correlates of protection from TB. We provide a comprehensive update on progress of the assay since its conception and critically evaluate current findings and evidence supporting its utility, highlighting priorities for future directions. Discussion While further standardisation and validation work is required, significant advancements have been made in the past two decades. The direct MGIA provides a potentially valuable tool for the early evaluation of TB drug and vaccine candidates, clinical cohorts, and immune mechanisms of mycobacterial control. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023423491.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Painter
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Harriss
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen A. Fletcher
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Stewart EL, Counoupas C, Quan DH, Wang T, Petrovsky N, Britton WJ, Triccas JA. Lung IL-17A-Producing CD4 + T Cells Correlate with Protection after Intrapulmonary Vaccination with Differentially Adjuvanted Tuberculosis Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 38400112 PMCID: PMC10892942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, results in approximately 1.6 million deaths annually. BCG is the only TB vaccine currently in use and offers only variable protection; however, the development of more effective vaccines is hindered by a lack of defined correlates of protection (CoP) against M. tuberculosis. Pulmonary vaccine delivery is a promising strategy since it may promote lung-resident immune memory that can respond rapidly to respiratory infection. In this study, CysVac2, a subunit protein previously shown to be protective against M. tuberculosis in mouse models, was combined with either Advax® adjuvant or a mixture of alum plus MPLA and administered intratracheally into mice. Peripheral immune responses were tracked longitudinally, and lung-local immune responses were measured after challenge. Both readouts were then correlated with protection after M. tuberculosis infection. Although considered essential for the control of mycobacteria, induction of IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells in the blood or lungs did not correlate with protection. Instead, CD4+ T cells in the lungs expressing IL-17A correlated with reduced bacterial burden. This study identified pulmonary IL-17A-expressing CD4+ T cells as a CoP against M. tuberculosis and suggests that mucosal immune profiles should be explored for novel CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Stewart
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.C.)
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.C.)
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Diana H. Quan
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
- Centre for Inflammation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Trixie Wang
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
| | | | - Warwick J. Britton
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - James A. Triccas
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (E.L.S.); (C.C.)
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.Q.); (T.W.); (W.J.B.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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17
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Sarno A, Leite A, Augusto C, Muller I, de Ângelis L, Pimentel L, Queiroz A, Arruda S. Impaired macrophage and memory T-cell responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonpolar lipid extract. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1263352. [PMID: 38274831 PMCID: PMC10808680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The attenuation of BCG has led to the loss of not only immunogenic proteins but also lipid antigens. Methods Thus, we compared the macrophage and T-cell responses to nonpolar lipid extracts harvested from BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to better understand the role of BCG lipids in the already known diminished responses of the vaccine strain. Results Relative to Mtb, nonpolar lipid extract from BCG presented a reduced capacity to trigger the expression of the genes encoding TNF, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunophenotyping of PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals revealed that lipids from both BCG and Mtb were able to induce an increased frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but only the lipid extract from Mtb enhanced the frequency of CD4-CD8-double-negative, γσ+, CD4+HLA-DR+, and γσ+HLA-DR+ T cells relative to the nonstimulated control. Interestingly, only the Mtb lipid extract was able to increase the frequency of CD4+ memory (CD45RO+) T cells, whereas the BCG lipid extract induced a diminished frequency of CD4+ central memory (CD45RO+CCR7-) T cells after 48 h of culture compared to Mtb. Discussion These findings show that the nonpolar lipids of the BCG bacilli presented diminished ability to trigger both proinflammatory and memory responses and suggest a potential use of Mtb lipids as adjuvants to increase the BCG vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sarno
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Avelina Leite
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Igor Muller
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luanna de Ângelis
- Laboratory of Immunoepidemiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Lilian Pimentel
- Laboratory of Immunoepidemiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriano Queiroz
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Sergio Arruda
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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18
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Ishida E, Corrigan DT, Chen T, Liu Y, Kim RS, Song L, Rutledge TM, Magee DM, LaBaer J, Lowary TL, Lin PL, Achkar JM. Mucosal and systemic antigen-specific antibody responses correlate with protection against active tuberculosis in nonhuman primates. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104897. [PMID: 38096687 PMCID: PMC10758715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports that antibodies can protect against active tuberculosis (TB) but knowledge of potentially protective antigens, especially in the airways, is limited. The main objective of this study was to identify antigen-specific airway and systemic immunoglobulin isotype responses associated with the outcome of controlled latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (LTBI) versus uncontrolled infection (TB) in nonhuman primates. METHODS In a case-control design, using non-parametric group comparisons with false discovery rate adjustments, we assessed antibodies in 57 cynomolgus macaques which, following low-dose airway Mtb infection, developed either LTBI or TB. We investigated airway and systemic IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in paired bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma samples prior to, two-, and 5-6-months post Mtb infection using an antigen-unbiased approach with Mtb glycan and proteome-wide microarrays. FINDINGS Macaques that developed LTBI (n = 36) had significantly increased airway and plasma IgA reactivities to specific arabinomannan (AM) motifs prior to Mtb infection compared to those that developed TB (n = 21; p < 0.01, q < 0.05). Furthermore, LTBI macaques had higher plasma IgG reactivity to protein MTB32A (Rv0125) early post Mtb infection (p < 0.05) and increasing airway IgG responses to some proteins over time. INTERPRETATION Our results support a protective role of pre-existing mucosal (lung) and systemic IgA to specific Mtb glycan motifs, suggesting that prior exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria could be protective against TB. They further suggest that IgG to Mtb proteins early post infection could provide an additional protective mechanism. These findings could inform TB vaccine development strategies. FUNDING NIH/NIAID AI117927, AI146329, and AI127173 to JMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ryung S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lusheng Song
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tara M Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Mitchell Magee
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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19
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Qiu L, Chirman D, Clark JR, Xing Y, Hernandez Santos H, Vaughan EE, Maresso AW. Vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): progress and challenges. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2359691. [PMID: 38825856 PMCID: PMC11152113 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2359691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a principal global health crisis projected to cause 10 million deaths annually worldwide by 2050. While the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli is commonly found as a commensal microbe in the human gut, some strains are dangerously pathogenic, contributing to the highest AMR-associated mortality. Strains of E. coli that can translocate from the gastrointestinal tract to distal sites, called extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC), are particularly problematic and predominantly afflict women, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Despite nearly 40 years of clinical trials, there is still no vaccine against ExPEC. One reason for this is the remarkable diversity in the ExPEC pangenome across pathotypes, clades, and strains, with hundreds of genes associated with pathogenesis including toxins, adhesins, and nutrient acquisition systems. Further, ExPEC is intimately associated with human mucosal surfaces and has evolved creative strategies to avoid the immune system. This review summarizes previous and ongoing preclinical and clinical ExPEC vaccine research efforts to help identify key gaps in knowledge and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Chirman
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin R. Clark
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yikun Xing
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haroldo Hernandez Santos
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ellen E. Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Lee A, Floyd K, Wu S, Fang Z, Tan TK, Froggatt HM, Powers JM, Leist SR, Gully KL, Hubbard ML, Li C, Hui H, Scoville D, Ruggiero AD, Liang Y, Pavenko A, Lujan V, Baric RS, Nolan GP, Arunachalam PS, Suthar MS, Pulendran B. BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:41-53. [PMID: 38036767 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination can confer nonspecific protection against heterologous pathogens. However, the underlying mechanisms remain mysterious. We show that mice vaccinated intravenously with BCG exhibited reduced weight loss and/or improved viral clearance when challenged with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351) or PR8 influenza. Protection was first evident between 14 and 21 d post-vaccination and lasted ∼3 months. Notably, BCG induced a biphasic innate response and robust antigen-specific type 1 helper T cell (TH1 cell) responses in the lungs. MyD88 signaling was essential for innate and TH1 cell responses, and protection against SARS-CoV-2. Depletion of CD4+ T cells or interferon (IFN)-γ activity before infection obliterated innate activation and protection. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics revealed CD4-dependent expression of IFN-stimulated genes in lung myeloid and epithelial cells. Notably, BCG also induced protection against weight loss after mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 BA.5, SARS-CoV and SHC014 coronavirus infections. Thus, BCG elicits integrated organ immunity, where CD4+ T cells feed back on tissue myeloid and epithelial cells to imprint prolonged and broad innate antiviral resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lee
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shengyang Wu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuoqing Fang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tze Kai Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather M Froggatt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John M Powers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendra L Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Miranda L Hubbard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harold Hui
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Victor Lujan
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Bromley JD, Ganchua SKC, Nyquist SK, Maiello P, Chao M, Borish HJ, Rodgers M, Tomko J, Kracinovsky K, Mugahid D, Nguyen S, Wang D, Rosenberg JM, Klein EC, Gideon HP, Floyd-O’Sullivan R, Berger B, Scanga CA, Lin PL, Fortune SM, Shalek AK, Flynn JL. CD4 + T cells are homeostatic regulators during Mtb reinfection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572669. [PMID: 38187598 PMCID: PMC10769325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Immunological priming - either in the context of prior infection or vaccination - elicits protective responses against subsequent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the changes that occur in the lung cellular milieu post-primary Mtb infection and their contributions to protection upon reinfection remain poorly understood. Here, using clinical and microbiological endpoints in a non-human primate reinfection model, we demonstrate that prior Mtb infection elicits a long-lasting protective response against subsequent Mtb exposure and that the depletion of CD4+ T cells prior to Mtb rechallenge significantly abrogates this protection. Leveraging microbiologic, PET-CT, flow cytometric, and single-cell RNA-seq data from primary infection, reinfection, and reinfection-CD4+ T cell depleted granulomas, we identify differential cellular and microbial features of control. The data collectively demonstrate that the presence of CD4+ T cells in the setting of reinfection results in a reduced inflammatory lung milieu characterized by reprogrammed CD8+ T cell activity, reduced neutrophilia, and blunted type-1 immune signaling among myeloid cells, mitigating Mtb disease severity. These results open avenues for developing vaccines and therapeutics that not only target CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but also modulate innate immune cells to limit Mtb disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bromley
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sharie Keanne C. Ganchua
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Michael Chao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Mark Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Kara Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Douaa Mugahid
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Son Nguyen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Wang
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin C. Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA USA
- Lead contact
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22
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Silver RF, Xia M, Storer CE, Jarvela JR, Moyer MC, Blazevic A, Stoeckel DA, Rakey EK, Tennant JM, Goll JB, Head RD, Hoft DF. Distinct gene expression signatures comparing latent tuberculosis infection with different routes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8507. [PMID: 38129388 PMCID: PMC10739751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains an international health threat partly because of limited protection from pulmonary tuberculosis provided by standard intradermal vaccination with Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG); this may reflect the inability of intradermal vaccination to optimally induce pulmonary immunity. In contrast, respiratory Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection usually results in the immune-mediated bacillary containment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Here we present RNA-Seq-based assessments of systemic and pulmonary immune cells from LTBI participants and recipients of intradermal and oral BCG. LTBI individuals uniquely display ongoing immune activation and robust CD4 T cell recall responses in blood and lung. Intradermal BCG is associated with robust systemic immunity but only limited pulmonary immunity. Conversely, oral BCG induces limited systemic immunity but distinct pulmonary responses including enhanced inflammasome activation potentially associated with mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Further, IL-9 is identified as a component of systemic immunity in LTBI and intradermal BCG, and pulmonary immunity following oral BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mei Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad E Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica R Jarvela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle C Moyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Stoeckel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erin K Rakey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jan M Tennant
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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23
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McIntyre S, Warner J, Rush C, Vanderven HA. Antibodies as clinical tools for tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278947. [PMID: 38162666 PMCID: PMC10755875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Global research efforts to improve TB control are hindered by insufficient understanding of the role that antibodies play in protective immunity and pathogenesis. This impacts knowledge of rational and optimal vaccine design, appropriate diagnostic biomarkers, and development of therapeutics. Traditional approaches for the prevention and diagnosis of TB may be less efficacious in high prevalence, remote, and resource-poor settings. An improved understanding of the immune response to the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), will be crucial for developing better vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. While memory CD4+ T cells and cells and cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-g) have been the main identified correlates of protection in TB, mounting evidence suggests that other types of immunity may also have important roles. TB serology has identified antibodies and functional characteristics that may help diagnose Mtb infection and distinguish between different TB disease states. To date, no serological tests meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements for TB diagnosis, but multiplex assays show promise for improving the sensitivity and specificity of TB serodiagnosis. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies and serum passive infusion studies in murine models of TB have also demonstrated some protective outcomes. However, animal models that better reflect the human immune response to Mtb are necessary to fully assess the clinical utility of antibody-based TB prophylactics and therapeutics. Candidate TB vaccines are not designed to elicit an Mtb-specific antibody response, but evidence suggests BCG and novel TB vaccines may induce protective Mtb antibodies. The potential of the humoral immune response in TB monitoring and control is being investigated and these studies provide important insight into the functional role of antibody-mediated immunity against TB. In this review, we describe the current state of development of antibody-based clinical tools for TB, with a focus on diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Warner
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Rush
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Hillary A. Vanderven
- Biomedical Sciences and Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Kim MY, Mussá T, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Reljic R. Mucosal and systemic immune responses after a single intranasal dose of nanoparticle and spore-based subunit vaccines in mice with pre-existing lung mycobacterial immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306449. [PMID: 38130713 PMCID: PMC10733481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat that claims more than one million lives annually. With a quarter of the global population harbouring latent TB, post-exposure vaccination aimed at high-risk populations that could develop active TB disease would be of great public health benefit. Mucosal vaccination is an attractive approach for a predominantly lung disease like TB because it elicits both local and systemic immunity. However, the immunological consequence of mucosal immunisation in the presence of existing lung immunity remains largely unexplored. Using a mycobacterial pre-exposure mouse model, we assessed whether pre-existing mucosal and systemic immune responses can be boosted and/or qualitatively altered by intranasal administration of spore- and nanoparticle-based subunit vaccines. Analysis of lung T cell responses revealed an increasing trend in the frequency of important CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, and T effector memory cells with a Th1 cytokine (IFNγ and TNFα) signature among immunised mice. Additionally, significantly greater antigen specific Th1, Th17 and IL-10 responses, and antigen-induced T cell proliferation were seen from the spleens of immunised mice. Measurement of antigen-specific IgG and IgA from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid also revealed enhanced systemic and local humoral immune responses among immunised animals. Lastly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the TB-endemic country of Mozambique show that individuals with LTBI showed significantly greater CD4 T cell reactivity to the vaccine candidate as compared to healthy controls. These results support further testing of Spore-FP1 and Nano-FP1 as post-exposure TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tufária Mussá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Winchell CG, Nyquist SK, Chao MC, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Hopkins F, Chase M, Gideon HP, Patel KV, Bromley JD, Simonson AW, Floyd-O’Sullivan R, Wadsworth M, Rosenberg JM, Uddin R, Hughes T, Kelly RJ, Griffo J, Tomko J, Klein E, Berger B, Scanga CA, Mattila J, Fortune SM, Shalek AK, Lin PL, Flynn JL. CD8+ lymphocytes are critical for early control of tuberculosis in macaques. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230707. [PMID: 37843832 PMCID: PMC10579699 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of CD8+ lymphocytes in tuberculosis remains poorly understood. We depleted innate and/or adaptive CD8+ lymphocytes in macaques and showed that loss of all CD8α+ cells (using anti-CD8α antibody) significantly impaired early control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, leading to increased granulomas, lung inflammation, and bacterial burden. Analysis of barcoded Mtb from infected macaques demonstrated that depletion of all CD8+ lymphocytes allowed increased establishment of Mtb in lungs and dissemination within lungs and to lymph nodes, while depletion of only adaptive CD8+ T cells (with anti-CD8β antibody) worsened bacterial control in lymph nodes. Flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed polyfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes in control granulomas, while CD8-depleted animals were unexpectedly enriched in CD4 and γδ T cells adopting incomplete cytotoxic signatures. Ligand-receptor analyses identified IL-15 signaling in granulomas as a driver of cytotoxic T cells. These data support that CD8+ lymphocytes are required for early protection against Mtb and suggest polyfunctional cytotoxic responses as a vaccine target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caylin G. Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C. Chao
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy J. Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Forrest Hopkins
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Chase
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kush V. Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bromley
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew W. Simonson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roisin Floyd-O’Sullivan
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marc Wadsworth
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M. Rosenberg
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Hughes
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Josephine Griffo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles A. Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Mattila
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Fortune
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Department of Mathematics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Smith AA, Su H, Wallach J, Liu Y, Maiello P, Borish HJ, Winchell C, Simonson AW, Lin PL, Rodgers M, Fillmore D, Sakal J, Lin K, Schnappinger D, Ehrt S, Flynn JL. A "suicide" BCG strain provides enhanced immunogenicity and robust protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568105. [PMID: 38045242 PMCID: PMC10690263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) BCG delivery provides robust protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in macaques but poses safety challenges. Here, we constructed two BCG strains (BCG-TetON-DL and BCG-TetOFF-DL) in which tetracyclines regulate two phage lysin operons. Once the lysins are expressed, these strains are cleared in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice, yet induced similar immune responses and provided similar protection against Mtb challenge as wild type BCG. Lysin induction resulted in release of intracellular BCG antigens and enhanced cytokine production by macrophages. In macaques, cessation of doxycycline administration resulted in rapid elimination of BCG-TetOFF-DL. However, IV BCG-TetOFF-DL induced increased pulmonary CD4 T cell responses compared to WT BCG and provided robust protection against Mtb challenge, with sterilizing immunity in 6 of 8 macaques, compared to 2 of 8 macaques immunized with WT BCG. Thus, a "suicide" BCG strain provides an additional measure of safety when delivered intravenously and robust protection against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Present address: Center for Veterinary Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Joshua Wallach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Caylin Winchell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Andrew W Simonson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Daniel Fillmore
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Jennifer Sakal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Kan Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- The Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
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27
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Zhou F, Zhang D. Recent advance in the development of tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials and virus-like particle-based vaccine candidates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238649. [PMID: 38022657 PMCID: PMC10652786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health threat around the world. An effective vaccine is urgently required for cost-effective, long-term control of TB. However, the only licensed vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is limited to prevent TB for its highly variable efficacy. Substantial progress has been made in research and development (R&D) of TB vaccines in the past decades, and a dozen vaccine candidates, including live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines, killed mycobacterial vaccines, adjuvanted subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines were developed in clinical trials to date. Nevertheless, many challenges to the successful authorization for the use and deployment of an effective tuberculosis vaccine remain. Therefore, it is still necessary and urgent to continue exploring new vaccine construction approaches. Virus-like particles (VLPs) present excellent prospects in the field of vaccine development because of their helpful immunological features such as being safe templates without containing viral nucleic acid, repetitive surface geometry, conformational epitopes similar to natural viruses, and enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. The marketization process of VLP vaccines has never stopped despite VLP vaccines face several shortcomings such as their complex and slow development process and high production cost, and several VLP-based vaccines, including vaccines against Human papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and malaria, are successfully licensed for use at the market. In this review, we provide an update on the current progress regarding the development of TB vaccines in clinical trials and seek to give an overview of VLP-based TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Zhou
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Plumlee CR, Barrett HW, Shao DE, Lien KA, Cross LM, Cohen SB, Edlefsen PT, Urdahl KB. Assessing vaccine-mediated protection in an ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis murine model. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011825. [PMID: 38011264 PMCID: PMC10703413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread immunization with Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only currently licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, TB remains a leading cause of mortality globally. There are many TB vaccine candidates in the developmental pipeline, but the lack of a robust animal model to assess vaccine efficacy has hindered our ability to prioritize candidates for human clinical trials. Here we use a murine ultra-low dose (ULD) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge model to assess protection conferred by BCG vaccination. We show that BCG confers a reduction in lung bacterial burdens that is more durable than that observed after conventional dose challenge, curbs Mtb dissemination to the contralateral lung, and, in a small percentage of mice, prevents detectable infection. These findings are consistent with the ability of human BCG vaccination to mediate protection, particularly against disseminated disease, in specific human populations and clinical settings. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the ultra-low dose Mtb infection model can measure distinct parameters of immune protection that cannot be assessed in conventional dose murine infection models and could provide an improved platform for TB vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R. Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Holly W. Barrett
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Global Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danica E. Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katie A. Lien
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Cross
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara B. Cohen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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29
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Larson EC, Ellis-Connell AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Ameel CL, Jauro S, Tomko JA, Kracinovsky KB, Maiello P, Borish HJ, White AG, Klein E, Bucsan AN, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Roederer M, Lin PL, Flynn JL, O'Connor SL, Scanga CA. Intravenous Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination protects simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques from tuberculosis. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2080-2092. [PMID: 37814073 PMCID: PMC10627825 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the most common cause of death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Intra-dermal Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) delivery is the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis; however, it offers little protection from pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and is contraindicated in people living with HIV. Intravenous BCG confers protection against Mtb infection in rhesus macaques; we hypothesized that it might prevent tuberculosis in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques, a model for HIV infection. Here intravenous BCG-elicited robust airway T cell influx and elevated plasma and airway antibody titres in both SIV-infected and naive animals. Following Mtb challenge, all 7 vaccinated SIV-naive and 9 out of 12 vaccinated SIV-infected animals were protected, without any culturable bacteria detected from tissues. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses post-challenge indicated early clearance of Mtb in vaccinated animals, regardless of SIV infection. These data support that intravenous BCG is immunogenic and efficacious in SIV-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Amy L Ellis-Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan V Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexis J Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cassaundra L Ameel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Solomon Jauro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaime A Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kara B Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Jake Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Lai R, Ogunsola AF, Rakib T, Behar SM. Key advances in vaccine development for tuberculosis-success and challenges. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:158. [PMID: 37828070 PMCID: PMC10570318 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthrough findings in the clinical and preclinical development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines have galvanized the field and suggest, for the first time since the development of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), that a novel and protective TB vaccine is on the horizon. Here we highlight the TB vaccines that are in the development pipeline and review the basis for optimism in both the clinical and preclinical space. We describe immune signatures that could act as immunological correlates of protection (CoP) to facilitate the development and comparison of vaccines. Finally, we discuss new animal models that are expected to more faithfully model the pathology and complex immune responses observed in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abiola F Ogunsola
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Tasfia Rakib
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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31
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White AD, Tran AC, Sibley L, Sarfas C, Morrison AL, Lawrence S, Dennis M, Clark S, Zadi S, Lanni F, Rayner E, Copland A, Hart P, Diogo GR, Paul MJ, Kim M, Gleeson F, Salguero FJ, Singh M, Stehr M, Cutting SM, Basile JI, Rottenberg ME, Williams A, Sharpe SA, Reljic R. Spore-FP1 tuberculosis mucosal vaccine candidate is highly protective in guinea pigs but fails to improve on BCG-conferred protection in non-human primates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246826. [PMID: 37881438 PMCID: PMC10594996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major health threat globally and a more effective vaccine than the current Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is required, either to replace or boost it. The Spore-FP1 mucosal vaccine candidate is based on the fusion protein of Ag85B-Acr-HBHA/heparin-binding domain, adsorbed on the surface of inactivated Bacillus subtilis spores. The candidate conferred significant protection against Mycobacterium. tuberculosis challenge in naïve guinea pigs and markedly improved protection in the lungs and spleens of animals primed with BCG. We then immunized rhesus macaques with BCG intradermally, and subsequently boosted with one intradermal and one aerosol dose of Spore-FP1, prior to challenge with low dose aerosolized M. tuberculosis Erdman strain. Following vaccination, animals did not show any adverse reactions and displayed higher antigen specific cellular and antibody immune responses compared to BCG alone but this did not translate into significant improvement in disease pathology or bacterial burden in the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Andy C. Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sibley
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Sarfas
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra L. Morrison
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Lawrence
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Dennis
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clark
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sirine Zadi
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Faye Lanni
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Rayner
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Copland
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hart
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gil Reynolds Diogo
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Department of Oncology, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Simon M. Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Sporegen Ltd , London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan I. Basile
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Williams
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Ruiz-Tagle C, Naves R, García P, Günther A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Balcells ME. Differential levels of anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IgAs in saliva of household contacts with latent tuberculosis infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1267670. [PMID: 37869168 PMCID: PMC10587581 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1267670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucosal immunity is strongly elicited in early stages of many respiratory and enteric infections; however, its role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been scarcely explored. We aimed to investigate Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific IgA levels in saliva in different stages of latent Tuberculosis Infection (TBI). Methodology A multiplex bead-based Luminex immunoassay was developed to detect specific IgA against 12 highly immunogenic Mtb antigens. A prospective cohort of household contacts (>14 years) of pulmonary TB cases was established in Santiago, Chile. Contacts were classified as Mtb-infected or not depending on serial interferon-γ release assay results. Saliva samples were collected and tested at baseline and at a 12-week follow-up. Results Mtb-specific IgA was detectable at all visits in all participants (n = 168), including the "non-Mtb infected" (n = 64). Significantly higher median levels of IgA were found in the "Mtb infected" compared to the uninfected for anti-lipoarabinomannan (LAM) (110 vs. 84.8 arbitrary units (AU), p < 0.001), anti-PstS1 (117 vs. 83 AU, p < 0.001), anti-Cell Membrane Fraction (CMF) (140 vs. 103 AU, p < 0.001) and anti-Culture Filtrate Proteins (CFP) (median 125 vs. 96 AU, p < 0.001), respectively. Nonetheless, the discriminatory performance of these specific mucosal IgA for TBI diagnosis was low. Conclusion Saliva holds Mtb-specific IgA against several antigens with increased levels for anti-LAM, anti-PstS1, anti-CMF and anti-CFP found in household contacts with an established TBI. The role of these mucosal antibodies in TB pathogenesis, and their kinetics in different stages of Mtb infection merits further exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anna Günther
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - María Elvira Balcells
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Barclay AM, Ninaber DK, van Veen S, Hiemstra PS, Ottenhoff THM, van der Does AM, Joosten SA. Airway epithelial cells mount an early response to mycobacterial infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253037. [PMID: 37822359 PMCID: PMC10562574 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells represent the first line of host defence against foreign inhaled components, including respiratory pathogens. Their responses to these exposures may direct subsequent immune activation to these pathogens. The epithelial response to mycobacterial infections is not well characterized and may provide clues to why some mycobacterial infections are cleared, while others are persistent and pathogenic. We have utilized an air-liquid interface model of human primary bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBEC) to investigate the epithelial response to infection with a variety of mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), M. bovis (BCG), M. avium, and M. smegmatis. Airway epithelial cells were found to be infected by all four species, albeit at low frequencies. The proportion of infected epithelial cells was lowest for Mtb and highest for M. avium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a common epithelial host response to mycobacteria, including upregulation of BIRC3, S100A8 and DEFB4, and downregulation of BPIFB1 at 48 h post infection. Apical secretions contained predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines, while basal secretions contained tissue growth factors and chemokines. Finally, we show that neutrophils were attracted to both apical and basal secretions of infected ALI-PBEC. Neutrophils were attracted in high numbers to apical secretions from PBEC infected with all mycobacteria, with the exception of secretions from M. avium-infected ALI-PBEC. Taken together, our results show that airway epithelial cells are differentially infected by mycobacteria, and react rapidly by upregulation of antimicrobials, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which directly attract neutrophils. Thus, the airway epithelium may be an important immunological component in controlling and regulating mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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34
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Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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35
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Kim H, Choi HG, Shin SJ. Bridging the gaps to overcome major hurdles in the development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193058. [PMID: 37638056 PMCID: PMC10451085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide, the development of vaccines more effective than bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed TB vaccine, has progressed slowly even in the context of the tremendous global impact of TB. Most vaccine candidates have been developed to strongly induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell responses; however, accumulating evidence has suggested that other immune factors are required for optimal protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. In this review, we briefly describe the five hurdles that must be overcome to develop more effective TB vaccines, including those with various purposes and tested in recent promising clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the current knowledge gaps between preclinical experiments and clinical studies regarding peripheral versus tissue-specific immune responses, different underlying conditions of individuals, and newly emerging immune correlates of protection. Moreover, we propose how recently discovered TB risk or susceptibility factors can be better utilized as novel biomarkers for the evaluation of vaccine-induced protection to suggest more practical ways to develop advanced TB vaccines. Vaccines are the most effective tools for reducing mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, and more advanced technologies and a greater understanding of host-pathogen interactions will provide feasibility and rationale for novel vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Foreman TW, Nelson CE, Sallin MA, Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Myers TG, Barber DL. CD30 co-stimulation drives differentiation of protective T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20222090. [PMID: 37097292 PMCID: PMC10130742 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires generation of T cells that migrate to granulomas, complex immune structures surrounding sites of bacterial replication. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of T cells in pulmonary granulomas, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood of Mtb-infected rhesus macaques to identify granuloma-enriched T cell genes. TNFRSF8/CD30 was among the top genes upregulated in both CD4 and CD8 T cells from granulomas. In mice, CD30 expression on CD4 T cells is required for survival of Mtb infection, and there is no major role for CD30 in protection by other cell types. Transcriptomic comparison of WT and CD30-/- CD4 T cells from the lungs of Mtb-infected mixed bone marrow chimeric mice showed that CD30 directly promotes CD4 T cell differentiation and the expression of multiple effector molecules. These results demonstrate that the CD30 co-stimulatory axis is highly upregulated on granuloma T cells and is critical for protective T cell responses against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Foreman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine E. Nelson
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sallin
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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37
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Andualem H, Hollams E, Kollmann TR, Amenyogbe N. BCG-Induced Immune Training: Interplay between Trained Immunity and Emergency Granulopoiesis. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168169. [PMID: 37263392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most commonly administered vaccine in human history. The medical application of BCG extends far beyond the fight against tuberculosis. Despite its stellar medical record over 100 years, insight into how BCG provides this vast range of benefits is largely limited, both for its pathogen-specific (tuberculosis) as well as pathogen-agnostic (other infections, autoimmunity, allergies, and cancer) effects. Trained immunity and emergency granulopoiesis have been identified as mediating BCG's pathogen-agnostic effects, for which some of the molecular mechanisms have been delineated. Upon review of the existing evidence, we postulate that emergency granulopoiesis and trained immunity are a continuum of the same effect cascade. In this context, we highlight that BCG's pathogen-agnostic benefits could be optimized by taking advantage of the age of the recipient and route of BCG administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Andualem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia.
| | - Elysia Hollams
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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38
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Wu J, Li Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Zhang H, Nagy C, Tan X, Cheng K, Liu Y, Pu J, Wang H, Wu Q, Perry SW, Turecki G, Wong ML, Licinio J, Zheng P, Xie P. Integrating spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic data elucidates microglial-specific responses in female cynomolgus macaques with depressive-like behaviors. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1352-1364. [PMID: 37443281 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder represents a serious public health challenge worldwide; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we profile the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of female cynomolgus macaques with social stress-associated depressive-like behaviors using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. We find gene expression changes associated with depressive-like behaviors mostly in microglia, and we report a pro-inflammatory microglia subpopulation enriched in the depressive-like condition. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data result in the identification of six enriched gene modules associated with depressive-like behaviors, and these modules are further resolved by spatial transcriptomics. Gene modules associated with huddle and sit alone behaviors are expressed in neurons and oligodendrocytes of the superficial cortical layer, while gene modules associated with locomotion and amicable behaviors are enriched in microglia and astrocytes in mid-to-deep cortical layers. The depressive-like behavior associated microglia subpopulation is enriched in deep cortical layers. In summary, our findings show cell-type and cortical layer-specific gene expression changes and identify one microglia subpopulation associated with depressive-like behaviors in female non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xunmin Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Seth W Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
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39
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Khalid K, Poh CL. The Promising Potential of Reverse Vaccinology-Based Next-Generation Vaccine Development over Conventional Vaccines against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1264. [PMID: 37515079 PMCID: PMC10385262 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, leading to the current antibiotic resistance crisis. To address this issue, next-generation vaccines are being developed to prevent antimicrobial resistance caused by MDR bacteria. Traditional vaccine platforms, such as inactivated vaccines (IVs) and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), were effective in preventing bacterial infections. However, they have shown reduced efficacy against emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MDR M. tuberculosis. Additionally, the large-scale production of LAVs and IVs requires the growth of live pathogenic microorganisms. A more promising approach for the accelerated development of vaccines against antibiotic-resistant bacteria involves the use of in silico immunoinformatics techniques and reverse vaccinology. The bioinformatics approach can identify highly conserved antigenic targets capable of providing broader protection against emerging drug-resistant bacteria. Multi-epitope vaccines, such as recombinant protein-, DNA-, or mRNA-based vaccines, which incorporate several antigenic targets, offer the potential for accelerated development timelines. This review evaluates the potential of next-generation vaccine development based on the reverse vaccinology approach and highlights the development of safe and immunogenic vaccines through relevant examples from successful preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khalid
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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40
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Liu YE, Darrah PA, Zeppa JJ, Kamath M, Laboune F, Douek DC, Maiello P, Roederer M, Flynn JL, Seder RA, Khatri P. Blood transcriptional correlates of BCG-induced protection against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101096. [PMID: 37390827 PMCID: PMC10394165 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood-based correlates of vaccine-induced protection against tuberculosis (TB) are urgently needed. Here, we analyze the blood transcriptome of rhesus macaques immunized with varying doses of intravenous (i.v.) BCG followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge. We use high-dose i.v. BCG recipients for "discovery" and validate our findings in low-dose recipients and in an independent cohort of macaques receiving BCG via different routes. We identify seven vaccine-induced gene modules, including an innate module (module 1) enriched for type 1 interferon and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. Module 1 on day 2 post-vaccination highly correlates with lung antigen-responsive CD4 T cells at week 8 and with Mtb and granuloma burden following challenge. Parsimonious signatures within module 1 at day 2 post-vaccination predict protection following challenge with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) ≥0.91. Together, these results indicate that the early innate transcriptional response to i.v. BCG in peripheral blood may provide a robust correlate of protection against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran E Liu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; PhD Program in Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Zeppa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farida Laboune
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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41
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Vidal SJ, Sellers D, Yu J, Wakabayashi S, Sixsmith J, Aid M, Barrett J, Stevens SF, Liu X, Li W, Plumlee CR, Urdahl KB, Martinot AJ, Barouch DH. Attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine protection in a low-dose murine challenge model. iScience 2023; 26:106963. [PMID: 37378347 PMCID: PMC10291467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only approved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine despite limited efficacy. Preclinical studies of next-generation TB vaccines typically use a murine aerosol model with a supraphysiologic challenge dose. Here, we show that the protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) vaccine ΔLprG markedly exceeds that of BCG in a low-dose murine aerosol challenge model. BCG reduced bacterial loads but did not prevent establishment or dissemination of infection in this model. In contrast, ΔLprG prevented detectable infection in 61% of mice and resulted in anatomic containment of 100% breakthrough infections to a single lung. Protection was partially abrogated in a repeated low-dose challenge model, which showed serum IL-17A, IL-6, CXCL2, CCL2, IFN-γ, and CXCL1 as correlates of protection. These data demonstrate that ΔLprG provides increased protection compared to BCG, including reduced detectable infection and anatomic containment, in a low-dose murine challenge model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Vidal
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Sellers
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shoko Wakabayashi
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimie Sixsmith
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sage F. Stevens
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Courtney R. Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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42
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Plumlee C, Barrett H, Shao D, Lien K, Cross L, Cohen S, Edlefsen P, Urdahl K. Assessing vaccine-mediated protection in an ultra-low dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis murine model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533820. [PMID: 36993415 PMCID: PMC10055404 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread immunization with Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only currently licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, TB remains a leading cause of mortality globally. There are many TB vaccine candidates in the developmental pipeline, but the lack of a robust animal model to assess vaccine efficacy has hindered our ability to prioritize candidates for human clinical trials. Here we use a murine ultra-low dose (ULD) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge model to assess protection conferred by BCG vaccination. We show that BCGconfers a reduction in lung bacterial burdens that is more durable than that observed afterconventional dose challenge, curbs Mtb dissemination to the contralateral lung, and, in a smallpercentage of mice, prevents detectable infection. These findings are consistent with the ability of human BCG vaccination to mediate protection, particularly against disseminated disease, in specific human populations and clinical settings. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the ultra-low dose Mtb infection model can measure distinct parameters of immune protection that cannot be assessed in conventional dose murine infection models and could provide an improved platform for TB vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.R. Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - H.W. Barrett
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- University of Washington, Dept. of Global Health, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - D.E. Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - K.A. Lien
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - L.M. Cross
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S.B. Cohen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - P.T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - K.B. Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- University of Washington, Dept. of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Lead Contact
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43
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Darrah PA, Zeppa JJ, Wang C, Irvine EB, Bucsan AN, Rodgers MA, Pokkali S, Hackney JA, Kamath M, White AG, Borish HJ, Frye LJ, Tomko J, Kracinovsky K, Lin PL, Klein E, Scanga CA, Alter G, Fortune SM, Lauffenburger DA, Flynn JL, Seder RA, Maiello P, Roederer M. Airway T cells are a correlate of i.v. Bacille Calmette-Guerin-mediated protection against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:962-977.e8. [PMID: 37267955 PMCID: PMC10355173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the only approved Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) vaccine, provides limited durable protection when administered intradermally. However, recent work revealed that intravenous (i.v.) BCG administration yielded greater protection in macaques. Here, we perform a dose-ranging study of i.v. BCG vaccination in macaques to generate a range of immune responses and define correlates of protection. Seventeen of 34 macaques had no detectable infection after Mtb challenge. Multivariate analysis incorporating longitudinal cellular and humoral immune parameters uncovered an extensive and highly coordinated immune response from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). A minimal signature predicting protection contained four BAL immune features, of which three remained significant after dose correction: frequency of CD4 T cells producing TNF with interferon γ (IFNγ), frequency of those producing TNF with IL-17, and the number of NK cells. Blood immune features were less predictive of protection. We conclude that CD4 T cell immunity and NK cells in the airway correlate with protection following i.v. BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph J Zeppa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschuntz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Edward B Irvine
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Rodgers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua A Hackney
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander G White
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - H Jacob Borish
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - L James Frye
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jaime Tomko
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kara Kracinovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15620, USA
| | - Edwin Klein
- Division of Animal Laboratory Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - JoAnne L Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Gordon SB, Sichone S, Chirwa AE, Hazenberg P, Kafuko Z, Ferreira DM, Flynn J, Fortune S, Balasingam S, Biagini GA, McShane H, Mwandumba HC, Jambo K, Dheda K, Raj Sharma N, Robertson BD, Walker NF, Morton B. Practical considerations for a TB controlled human infection model (TB-CHIM); the case for TB-CHIM in Africa, a systematic review of the literature and report of 2 workshop discussions in UK and Malawi. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:71. [PMID: 37007907 PMCID: PMC10064019 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18767.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge in many domains including diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment, drug resistance and long-term protection of the public health by vaccination. A controlled human infection model (CHIM) could potentially facilitate breakthroughs in each of these domains but has so far been considered impossible owing to technical and safety concerns. Methods: A systematic review of mycobacterial human challenge studies was carried out to evaluate progress to date, best possible ways forward and challenges to be overcome. We searched MEDLINE (1946 to current) and CINAHL (1984 to current) databases; and Google Scholar to search citations in selected manuscripts. The final search was conducted 3 rd February 2022. Inclusion criteria: adults ≥18 years old; administration of live mycobacteria; and interventional trials or cohort studies with immune and/or microbiological endpoints. Exclusion criteria: animal studies; studies with no primary data; no administration of live mycobacteria; retrospective cohort studies; case-series; and case-reports. Relevant tools (Cochrane Collaboration for RCTs and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomised studies) were used to assess risk of bias and present a narrative synthesis of our findings. Results: The search identified 1,388 titles for review; of these 90 were reviewed for inclusion; and 27 were included. Of these, 15 were randomised controlled trials and 12 were prospective cohort studies. We focussed on administration route, challenge agent and dose administered for data extraction. Overall, BCG studies including fluorescent BCG show the most immediate utility, and genetically modified Mycobacteria tuberculosis is the most tantalising prospect of discovery breakthrough. Conclusions: The TB-CHIM development group met in 2019 and 2022 to consider the results of the systematic review, to hear presentations from many of the senior authors whose work had been reviewed and to consider best ways forward. This paper reports both the systematic review and the deliberations. Registration: PROSPERO ( CRD42022302785; 21 January 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Gordon
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Simon Sichone
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Anthony E. Chirwa
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - JoAnne Flynn
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Fortune
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry C Mwandumba
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kondwani Jambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Naomi F Walker
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ben Morton
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - TB Controlled Human Infection Model Development Group
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- 1Day Africa, 1Day Sooner, Lusaka Province, Zambia
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Imperial College London, London, UK
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Carabalí-Isajar ML, Rodríguez-Bejarano OH, Amado T, Patarroyo MA, Izquierdo MA, Lutz JR, Ocampo M. Clinical manifestations and immune response to tuberculosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:206. [PMID: 37221438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a far-reaching, high-impact disease. It is among the top ten causes of death worldwide caused by a single infectious agent; 1.6 million tuberculosis-related deaths were reported in 2021 and it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are carriers of the tuberculosis bacillus but do not develop active disease. Several authors have attributed this to hosts' differential immune response in which cellular and humoral components are involved, along with cytokines and chemokines. Ascertaining the relationship between TB development's clinical manifestations and an immune response should increase understanding of tuberculosis pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms and correlating such material with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally. Mortality rates have not decreased significantly; rather, they are increasing. This review has thus been aimed at deepening knowledge regarding tuberculosis by examining published material related to an immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterial evasion mechanisms regarding such response and the relationship between pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical manifestations induced by this bacterium which are related to inflammation associated with tuberculosis dissemination through different routes.
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Grants
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- a Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- b PhD Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
- c Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA), Calle 222#55-37, Bogotá 111166, Colombia
- d Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- e Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, Bogotá 111411. Colombia
- f Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lilián Carabalí-Isajar
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences Programme, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24#63C-69, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Amado
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45#26-85, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Izquierdo
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Ricardo Lutz
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Mederi, Calle 24 # 29-45, 111411, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Marisol Ocampo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50#26-20, 111321, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3#26A-40, 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
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46
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Khandelia P, Yadav S, Singh P. An overview of the BCG vaccine and its future scope. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70 Suppl 1:S14-S23. [PMID: 38110255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense elimination efforts, tuberculosis (TB) still poses a threat to world health, disproportionately affecting less developed and poorer countries. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, the only anti-TB authorized vaccine can partially stop TB infection and transmission, however, its effectiveness ranges from 0 to 80%. As a result, there is an urgent need for a more potent TB vaccination given the widespread incidence of the disease. Enhancing BCG's effectiveness is also important due to the lack of other licensed vaccinations. Recently, fascinating research into BCG revaccination techniques by modulating its mode of action i.e., intravenous (IV) BCG delivery has yielded good clinical outcomes showing it still has a place in current vaccination regimens. We must thus go over the recent evidence that suggests trained immunity, and BCG vaccination techniques and describe how the vaccination confers protection against bacteria that cause both TB and non-tuberculosis. This review of the literature offers an updated summary and viewpoints on BCG-based TB immunization regimens (how it affects granulocytes at the epigenetic and hematopoietic stem cell levels which may be related to its efficacy), and also examines how the existing vaccine is being modified to be more effective, which may serve as an inspiration for future studies on the development of TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Khandelia
- Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dijkman K, Lindenstrøm T, Rosenkrands I, Søe R, Woodworth JS, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Mortensen R. A protective, single-visit TB vaccination regimen by co-administration of a subunit vaccine with BCG. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:66. [PMID: 37160970 PMCID: PMC10169149 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), fails to reliably protect adolescents and adults from pulmonary TB, resulting in ~1.6 million deaths annually. Protein subunit vaccines have shown promise against TB in clinical studies. Unfortunately, most subunit vaccines require multiple administrations, which increases the risk of loss to follow-up and necessitates more complex and costly logistics. Given the well-documented adjuvant effect of BCG, we hypothesized that BCG co-administration could compensate for a reduced number of subunit vaccinations. To explore this, we developed an expression-optimized version of our H107 vaccine candidate (H107e), which does not cross-react with BCG. In the CAF®01 adjuvant, a single dose of H107e induced inferior protection compared to three H107e/CAF®01 administrations. However, co-administering a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG significantly improved protection, which was equal to BCG co-administered with three H107e/CAF®01 doses. Importantly, combining BCG with a single H107e/CAF®01 dose also increased protection in previously BCG-primed animals. Overall, a single dose of H107e/CAF®01 with BCG induced long-lived immunity and triggered BCG-specific Th17 responses. These data support co-administration of BCG and subunit vaccines in both BCG naïve and BCG-primed individuals as an improved TB vaccine strategy with reduced number of vaccination visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Dijkman
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Lindenstrøm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Rosenkrands
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Søe
- Department of Vaccine Development, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua S Woodworth
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Stewart P, Patel S, Comer A, Muneer S, Nawaz U, Quann V, Bansal M, Venketaraman V. Role of B Cells in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050955. [PMID: 37243059 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, research on the immunologic response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection has focused on T cells and macrophages, as their role in granuloma formation has been robustly characterized. In contrast, the role of B cells in the pathophysiology of M. tb infection has been relatively overlooked. While T cells are well-known as an essential for granuloma formation and maintenance, B cells play a less understood role in the host response. Over the past decade, scarce research on the topic has attempted to elucidate the varying roles of B cells during mycobacterial infection, which appears to be primarily time dependent. From acute to chronic infection, the role of B cells changes with time as evidenced by cytokine release, immunological regulation, and histological morphology of tuberculous granulomas. The goal of this review is to carefully analyze the role of humoral immunity in M. tb infection to find the discriminatory nature of humoral immunity in tuberculosis (TB). We argue that there is a need for more research on the B-cell response against TB, as a better understanding of the role of B cells in defense against TB could lead to effective vaccines and therapies. By focusing on the B-cell response, we can develop new strategies to enhance immunity against TB and reduce the burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stewart
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Andrew Comer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Shafi Muneer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Violet Quann
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Mira Bansal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Teng T, Clarke G, Wu J, Wu Q, Maes M, Wang J, Wu H, Yin B, Jiang Y, Li X, Liu X, Han Y, Song J, Jin X, Ji P, Guo Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Disturbances of purine and lipid metabolism in the microbiota-gut-brain axis in male adolescent nonhuman primates with depressive-like behaviors. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00116-9. [PMID: 37068733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents is a widespread and growing global public health concern with unique characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms that are distinct from MDD in adults. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our work was to address this knowledge gap about the unique characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of adolescent depression from a microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis perspective. METHOD Ten healthy male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were paired into five pairs based on age and body weight, and two cynomolgus macaques from each pair were randomly allocated to chronic unpredictable mild stress group, or unstressed control group. At endpoint, microbe composition from cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon were analyzed by metagenome sequencing, and the metabolite profiles of MGB axis including central (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala) and peripheral (plasma, gut and feces of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon) samples were analyzed by metabolomic profiling. Then, we compare the gut microbiome and metabolic signatures in MGB axis between adolescent and adult depressed macaques. RESULTS The microbial composition and gut-brain metabolic signatures were widely divergent between adolescent and adult depressed macaques, though the phylum Firmicutes and lipid metabolism pathways were persistently altered in both populations. Purine and arginine biosynthesis metabolism were a specific hallmark of adolescent depressed macaques, while fatty acyl metabolism was specially altered in adult. These differential metabolic pathways in adolescent and adult depressed macaques were mainly mapped into the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, respectively. Notably, the genus Clostridium and Haemophilus, characteristically disturbed in adolescent depressed macaques but not in adult, were also significantly associated with the majority of purine metabolites in MGB axis. CONCLUSION These findings provide a new framework describing divergent pathophysiological mechanisms between adolescent and adult depression, and may open new windows for more effective treatment strategies of adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangmin Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Psychoseomadsy, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Mao LR, Du JP, Wang XC, Xu LF, Zhang YP, Sun QS, Shi ZL, Xing YR, Su YX, Wang SJ, Wang J, Ma JL, Zhang JY. Long-Term Immunogenicity and In Vitro Prophylactic Protective Efficacy of M. tuberculosis Fusion Protein DR2 Combined with Liposomal Adjuvant DIMQ as a Boosting Vaccine for BCG. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:593-608. [PMID: 36808986 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of adult tuberculosis (TB) transmission. According to the interaction mechanism between M. tuberculosis and the host, the latency antigen Rv0572c and region of difference 9 (RD9) antigen Rv3621c were selected in this study to prepare the fusion protein DR2. Stimulating clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis infections (i.e., TB patients), latent tuberculosis infections, and healthy controls confirmed that T lymphocytes could recognize DR2 protein in the peripheral blood of TB-infected individuals more than subcomponent protein. The DR2 protein was then emulsified in the liposome adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and imiquimod (DIMQ) was administered to C57BL/6 mice immunized with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to evaluate their immunogenicity. Studies have shown that DR2/DIMQ, a booster vaccine for BCG primary immunization, can elicit robust CD4+ Th1 cell immune response and predominant IFN-γ+ CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) subsets. Furthermore, the serum antibody level and the expression of related cytokines increased significantly with the extension of immunization time, with IL2+, CD4+, or CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM) subsets predominant in the long term. This immunization strategy showed matched prophylactic protective efficacy by performing in vitro challenge experiment. This result provides robust evidence that the novel subunit vaccine prepared by fusion protein DR2 combined with liposomal adjuvant DIMQ is a promising TB vaccine candidate for further preclinical trials as a booster vaccine for BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jian-Peng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Li-Fa Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yan-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Qi-Shan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Zi-Lun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Ying-Ru Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ji-Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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