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Jin Choi S, Lee W, Cheol Kim S, Jo HY, Park HY, Bin Kim H, Park WY, Ho Park S, Ko JH, Seok Lee J. Longitudinal multiomic profiling and corticosteroid modulation of the immediate innate immune response to an adenovirus-vector vaccine. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00774-6. [PMID: 39025696 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Among new vaccine technologies contributed to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)-vector vaccine expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, could be administered globally owing to its low production cost and lack of a requirement for frozen storage. Despite its benefits, most recipients have reported immediate inflammatory reactions after the initial dose vaccination. We comprehensively examined the immune landscape following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination based on the single-cell transcriptomes of immune cells and epigenomic profiles of monocytes. Monocyte and innate-like activated T cell populations expressing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) increased 1 day post-vaccination with appearance of distinct subtype of ISG-activated cells, returning to baseline by day 14. Pre-treatment with oral corticosteroids effectively curtailed these ISG-associated inflammatory responses by decreasing chromatin accessibility of major ISGs, without hampering vaccine immunogenicity. Our findings provide insights into the human immune response following ChAd-based vaccination and propose a method to reduce inflammatory side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeong Jo
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Geninus Inc, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Inocras Inc., San Diego 92121, CA, United States.
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2
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Poston TB, Girardi J, Polson AG, Bhardwaj A, Yount KS, Jaras Salas I, Trim LK, Li Y, O'Connell CM, Leahy D, Harris JM, Beagley KW, Goonetilleke N, Darville T. Viral-vectored boosting of OmcB- or CPAF-specific T-cell responses fail to enhance protection from Chlamydia muridarum in infection-immune mice and elicits a non-protective CD8-dominant response in naïve mice. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00066-7. [PMID: 38969067 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine is needed to combat the Chlamydia epidemic. Replication-deficient viral vectors are safe and induce antigen-specific T-cell memory. We tested the ability of intramuscular immunization with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus or chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) expressing chlamydial outer membrane protein (OmcB) or the secreted protein, chlamydial protease-like activating factor (CPAF), to enhance T-cell immunity and protection in mice previously infected with plasmid-deficient Chlamydia muridarum CM972 and elicit protection in naïve mice. MVA.OmcB or MVA.CPAF increased antigen-specific T cells in CM972-immune mice ∼150 and 50-fold, respectively, but failed to improve bacterial clearance. ChAd.OmcB/MVA.OmcB prime-boost immunization of naïve mice elicited a cluster of differentiation (CD) 8-dominant T-cell response dominated by cluster of differentiation (CD)8 T cells that failed to protect. ChAd.CPAF/ChAd.CPAF prime-boost also induced a CD8-dominant response with a marginal reduction in burden. Challenge of ChAd.CPAF-immunized mice genetically deficient in CD4 or CD8 T cells showed that protection was entirely CD4-dependent. CD4-deficient mice had prolonged infection, whereas CD8-deficient mice had higher frequencies of CPAF-specific CD4 T cells, earlier clearance, and reduced burden than wild-type controls. These data reinforce the essential nature of the CD4 T-cell response in protection from chlamydial genital infection in mice and the need for vaccine platforms that drive CD4-dominant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jenna Girardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Grace Polson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aakash Bhardwaj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kacy S Yount
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian Jaras Salas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Logan K Trim
- Center for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine M O'Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darren Leahy
- Center for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Harris
- Center for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Beagley
- Center for Immunology and Infection Control and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nilu Goonetilleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Klinmalai C, Srisala S, Sahakijpicharn T, Apiwattanakul N. Monitoring of adaptive immune responses in healthcare workers who received a Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine booster dose. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2250. [PMID: 39015422 PMCID: PMC11250167 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and led to increased mortality and morbidity. Vaccines against the etiologic agent; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were approved for emergency use on different platforms. In the early phase of the pandemic, Thai healthcare workers (HCWs) received CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine, as the first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, followed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a viral vector-based vaccine, or BNT162b2, an mRNA vaccine, as a booster dose. This preliminary study evaluated the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 as a booster dose in HCWs who previously received two doses of CoronaVac. Methods Ten HCW participants received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and another 10 HCWs received BNT162b2 as a booster dose after two doses of CoronaVac. Anti-RBD IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and cellular immunity, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-releasing CD4, CD8, double negative T cells, and NK cells, were measured at 3 and 5 months after the booster dose. Results There was no significant difference in anti-RBD IgG levels at 3 and 5 months between the two different types of booster vaccine. The levels of anti-RBD IgG and NAb were significantly decreased at 5 months. HCWs receiving BNT162b2 had significantly higher NAb levels than those receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at 5 months after the booster dose. IFN-γ release from CD4 T cells was detected at 3 months with no significant difference between the two types of booster vaccines. However, IFN-γ-releasing CD4 T cells were present at 5 months in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group only. Conclusion ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 can be used as a booster dose after completion of the primary series primed by inactivated vaccine. Although the levels of immunity decline at 5 months, they may be adequate during the first 3 months after the booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunuch Klinmalai
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Supanart Srisala
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Thiantip Sahakijpicharn
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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4
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Yoshifuji A, Toda M, Oyama E, Nakayama T, Mise-Omata S, Kikuchi K, Yoshizawa M, Kato N, Wakai H, Koibuchi K, Morimoto K, Uwamino Y, Namkoong H, Shibata A, Wakabayashi K, Fujino M, Komatsu M, Mochizuki N, Kondo N, Yoshimura A, Hasegawa N, Ryuzaki M. Cellular and humoral immune responses to COVID-19 booster vaccination in Japanese dialysis patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:674-682. [PMID: 38457030 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dialysis patients are susceptible to developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to hypoimmunity. Antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) after the primary vaccinations are lower in hemodialysis (HD) patients than in healthy individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination in HD and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients based on antibody titers and cellular and humoral immunity. METHODS Participants of the control, HD, and PD groups were recruited from 12 facilities. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokine and IgG-antibody levels were measured. Regulatory T cells and memory B cells were counted using flow cytometry at 6 months after primary vaccination with BNT162b2 and 3 weeks after the booster vaccination in HD and PD patients and compared with those of a control group. RESULTS Booster vaccination significantly enhanced the levels of antibodies, cytokines, and memory B cells in three groups. The HD group showed significantly higher levels of IgG-antibodies, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and memory B cells than those in the control group at 3 weeks after the booster dose. The PD group tended to show similar trends to HD patients but had similar levels of IgG-antibodies, cytokines, and memory B cells to the control group. CONCLUSIONS HD patients had significantly stronger cellular and humoral immune responses than the control 3 weeks after the booster dose. Our findings will help in developing better COVID-19 vaccination strategies for HD and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshifuji
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masataro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Emi Oyama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Setsuko Mise-Omata
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Kikuchi
- Division of Nephrology, Shimoochiai Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naohiko Kato
- Division of Nephrology, Shinagawa-Jin Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Wakai
- Division of Nephrology, Shinagawa Garden Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Koibuchi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohkichi Morimoto
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Uwamino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Shibata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Wakabayashi
- Clinical Research Center, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Fujino
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Komatsu
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Nursing, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munekazu Ryuzaki
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, 1-4-17 Mita, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-0073, Japan.
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5
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Elghazzawy MB, Nassir S, Arora JS, Min MS. A retrospective cohort study investigating cutaneous vasculitis in the setting of COVID-19 notes higher rates of IgA vasculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00973-3. [PMID: 38944157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Elghazzawy
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Shams Nassir
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jagmeet S Arora
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Michelle S Min
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
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6
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Raheem MA, Rahim MA, Gul I, Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Zhang CY, Yu D, Pandey V, Du K, Wang R, Han S, Han Y, Qin P. COVID-19: Post infection implications in different age groups, mechanism, diagnosis, effective prevention, treatment, and recommendations. Life Sci 2024:122861. [PMID: 38925222 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious pathogen that predominantly caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The persistent effects of COVID-19 are defined as an inflammatory or host response to the virus that begins four weeks after initial infection and persists for an undetermined length of time. Chronic effects are more harmful than acute ones thus, this review explored the long-term effects of the virus on various human organs, including the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological, reproductive, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, and lymphoid systems and found that SARS-CoV-2 adversely affects these organs of older adults. Regarding diagnosis, the RT-PCR is a gold standard method of diagnosing COVID-19; however, it requires specialized equipment and personnel for performing assays and a long time for results production. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence employed in imaging and microfluidics technologies is the most promising in diagnosing COVID-19. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are the most effective treatment for reducing the persistent impacts of COVID-19 by providing immunity to post-COVID-19 patients by reducing cytokine release syndrome, improving the T cell response, and increasing the circulation of activated natural killer and CD8 T cells in blood and tissues, which ultimately reduces fever, nausea, fatigue, and muscle weakness and pain. Vaccines such as inactivated viral, live attenuated viral, protein subunit, viral vectored, mRNA, DNA, or nanoparticle vaccines significantly reduce the adverse long-term virus effects in post-COVID-19 patients; however, no vaccine was reported to provide lifetime protection against COVID-19; consequently, protective measures such as physical separation, mask use, and hand cleansing are promising strategies. This review provides a comprehensive knowledge of the persistent effects of COVID-19 on people of varying ages, as well as diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, and future preventative measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ajwad Rahim
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ahnui Agricultural University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Runming Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Yuxing Han
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, PR China.
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7
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Wolf MA, O'Hara JM, Bitzer GJ, Narayanan E, Boehm DT, Bevere JR, DeJong MA, Hall JM, Wong TY, Falcone S, Deal CE, Richards A, Green S, Nguyen B, King E, Ogega C, Russo L, Sen-Kilic E, Plante O, Himansu S, Barbier M, Carfi A, Damron FH. Multivalent mRNA-DTP vaccines are immunogenic and provide protection from Bordetella pertussis challenge in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:103. [PMID: 38858423 PMCID: PMC11164898 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acellular multivalent vaccines for pertussis (DTaP and Tdap) prevent symptomatic disease and infant mortality, but immunity to Bordetella pertussis infection wanes significantly over time resulting in cyclic epidemics of pertussis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine platform provides an opportunity to address complex bacterial infections with an adaptable approach providing Th1-biased responses. In this study, immunogenicity and challenge models were used to evaluate the mRNA platform with multivalent vaccine formulations targeting both B. pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Immunization with mRNA formulations were immunogenetic, induced antigen specific antibodies, as well as Th1 T cell responses. Upon challenge with either historical or contemporary B. pertussis strains, 6 and 10 valent mRNA DTP vaccine provided protection equal to that of 1/20th human doses of either DTaP or whole cell pertussis vaccines. mRNA DTP immunized mice were also protected from pertussis toxin challenge as measured by prevention of lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. Collectively these pre-clinical mouse studies illustrate the potential of the mRNA platform for multivalent bacterial pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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8
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Chen DTH, Copland E, Hirst JA, Mi E, Dixon S, Coupland C, Hippisley-Cox J. Uptake, effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals at clinical risk due to immunosuppressive drug therapy or transplantation procedures: a population-based cohort study in England. BMC Med 2024; 22:237. [PMID: 38858672 PMCID: PMC11165729 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, underscoring the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in this population. The lack of comprehensive real-world data on vaccine uptake, effectiveness and safety in these individuals presents a critical knowledge gap, highlighting the urgency to better understand and address the unique challenges faced by immunocompromised individuals in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS We analysed data from 12,274,946 people in the UK aged > 12 years from 01/12/2020 to 11/04/2022. Of these, 583,541 (4.8%) were immunocompromised due to immunosuppressive drugs, organ transplants, dialysis or chemotherapy. We undertook a cohort analysis to determine COVID-19 vaccine uptake, nested case-control analyses adjusted for comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics to determine effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission and death, and a self-controlled case series assessing vaccine safety for pre-specified adverse events of interest. RESULTS Overall, 93.7% of immunocompromised individuals received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, with 80.4% having received three or more doses. Uptake reduced with increasing deprivation (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78 [95%CI 0.77-0.79] in the most deprived quintile compared to the least deprived quintile for the first dose). Estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalisation 2-6 weeks after the second and third doses compared to unvaccinated was 78% (95%CI 72-83) and 91% (95%CI 88-93) in the immunocompromised population, versus 85% (95%CI 83-86) and 86% (95%CI 85-89), respectively, for the general population. Results showed COVID-19 vaccines were protective against intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death in both populations, with effectiveness of over 92% against COVID-19-related death and up to 95% in reducing ICU admissions for both populations following the third dose. COVID-19 vaccines were generally safe for immunocompromised individuals, though specific doses of ChAdOx1, mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 raised risks of specific cardiovascular/neurological conditions. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine uptake is high in immunocompromised individuals on immunosuppressive drug therapy or who have undergone transplantation procedures, with documented disparities by deprivation. Findings suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are protective against severe COVID-19 outcomes in this vulnerable population, and show a similar safety profile in immunocompromised individuals and the general population, despite some increased risk of adverse events. These results underscore the importance of ongoing vaccination prioritisation for this clinically at-risk population to maximise protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tzu-Hsuan Chen
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Emma Copland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Jennifer A Hirst
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Emma Mi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Sharon Dixon
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Carol Coupland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Julia Hippisley-Cox
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
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9
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Gardner J, Abrams ST, Toh CH, Parker AL, Lovatt C, Nicolson PLR, Watson SP, Grice S, Hering L, Pirmohamed M, Naisbitt DJ. Identification of cross reactive T cell responses in adenovirus based COVID 19 vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:99. [PMID: 38839821 PMCID: PMC11153626 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has proven to be a valuable tool to combat SARS-CoV-2. However, reports of rare adverse reactions such as thrombosis/thrombocytopenia syndrome after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination have caused scientific, public and media concern. ChAdOx1 was vectorised from the Y25 chimpanzee adenovirus, which was selected due to low human seroprevalence to circumvent pre-existing immunity. In this study, we aimed to explore patterns of T-cell activation after SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccine exposure in vitro using PBMCs collected from pre-pandemic ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 naïve healthy donors (HDs), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Pfizer vaccinated controls. PBMCs were assessed for T-cell proliferation using the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccines. Cytokine analysis was performed via intracellular cytokine staining, ELISpot assay and LEGENDplex immunoassays. T-cell assays performed in pre-pandemic vaccine naïve HDs, revealed widespread lymphocyte stimulation after exposure to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (95%), ChAdOx-spike (90%) and the Ad26.COV2. S vaccine, but not on exposure to the BNT162b2 vaccine. ICS analysis demonstrated that CD4+ CD45RO+ memory T-cells are activated by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in vaccine naïve HDs. Cytometric immunoassays showed ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 exposure was associated with the release of proinflammatory and cytotoxic molecules, such as IFN-γ, IL-6, perforin, granzyme B and FasL. These studies demonstrate a ubiquitous T-cell response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2. S in HDs recruited prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with T-cell stimulation also identified in vaccinated controls. This may be due to underlying T-cell cross-reactivity with prevalent human adenoviruses and further study will be needed to identify T-cell epitopes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gardner
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Timothy Abrams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary Sciences and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary Sciences and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Lovatt
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip L R Nicolson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Grice
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Hering
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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10
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Kim HJ, Kim MH, Park SJ, Choi MG, Chun EM. Autoimmune adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination in Seoul, South Korea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1711-1720. [PMID: 38520423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination can affect the regulation of the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the autoimmune adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the autoimmune AEs after COVID-19 vaccination from a population-based cohort in South Korea. METHODS A total of 4,203,887 participants, representing 50% of the population residing in Seoul, were recruited from the National Health Insurance Service database and then divided into 2 groups on the basis of COVID-19 vaccination. The cumulative incidence, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% CIs of autoimmune AEs were assessed following COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS The incidence of vitiligo has been observed to be significantly higher in the vaccination group compared with the no vaccination group. The cumulative incidence of vitiligo began to show a significant difference starting 2 weeks after vaccination, and it reached 2.2% in the vaccination group and 0.6% in the no vaccination group by 3 months after COVID-19 vaccination. Vitiligo (HR, 2.714; 95% CI, 1.777-4.146) was an increased risk among autoimmune AEs. Furthermore, the risk of vitiligo was the highest for heterologous vaccination (HR, 3.890; 95% CI, 2.303-6.573) compared with using cDNA vaccine (HR, 2.861; 95% CI, 1.838-4.453) or mRNA vaccine (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.607-3.813). CONCLUSIONS Vitiligo as an autoimmune AE was noted to be substantially higher in the COVID-19-vaccinated group compared with the controls. Therefore, the occurrence of vitiligo could be considered as one of the significant AEs post-COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Informatization Department, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Park
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Geun Choi
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Chun
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Wu PC, Lin WC, Wang CW, Chung WH, Chen CB. Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines: Current evidence and potential immune mechanisms. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110220. [PMID: 38642783 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
As the number of vaccinated individuals has increased, there have been increasing reports of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. The main COVID-19 vaccines administered include messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, non-replicating viral vector vaccines, inactivated whole-virus vaccines, and protein-based vaccines. These vaccines contain active components such as polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, aluminum, tromethamine, and disodium edetate dihydrate. Recent advances in understanding the coordination of inflammatory responses by specific subsets of lymphocytes have led to a new classification based on immune response patterns. We categorize these responses into four patterns: T helper (Th)1-, Th2-, Th17/22-, and Treg-polarized cutaneous inflammation after stimulation of COVID-19 vaccines. Although the association between COVID-19 vaccination and these cutaneous adverse reactions remains controversial, the occurrence of rare dermatoses and their short intervals suggest a possible relationship. Despite the potential adverse reactions, the administration of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in the ongoing battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chien Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Wei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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12
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Yang CL, Wang FX, Luo JH, Rong SJ, Lu WY, Chen QJ, Xiao J, Wang T, Song DN, Liu J, Mo Q, Li S, Chen Y, Wang YN, Liu YJ, Yan T, Gu WK, Zhang S, Xiong F, Yu QL, Zhang ZY, Yang P, Liu SW, Eizirik D, Dong LL, Sun F, Wang CY. PDIA3 orchestrates effector T cell program by serving as a chaperone to facilitate the non-canonical nuclear import of STAT1 and PKM2. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00340-X. [PMID: 38822524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated T cell activation underpins the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet the machineries that orchestrate T cell effector program remain incompletely understood. Herein, we leveraged bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from RA patients and validated protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) as a potential therapeutic target. PDIA3 is remarkably upregulated in pathogenic CD4 T cells derived from RA patients and positively correlates with C-reactive protein level and disease activity score 28. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of PDIA3 alleviates RA-associated articular pathology and autoimmune responses. Mechanistically, T cell receptor signaling triggers intracellular calcium flux to activate NFAT1, a process that is further potentiated by Wnt5a under RA settings. Activated NFAT1 then directly binds to the Pdia3 promoter to enhance the expression of PDIA3, which complexes with STAT1 or PKM2 to facilitate their nuclear import for transcribing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 lineage-related genes, respectively. This non-canonical regulatory mechanism likely occurs under pathological conditions, as PDIA3 could only be highly induced following aberrant external stimuli. Together, our data support that targeting PDIA3 is a vital strategy to mitigate autoimmune diseases, such as RA, in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fa-Xi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jia-Hui Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wan-Ying Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi-Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan-Ni Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Mo
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao-tong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tong Yan
- The Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiao-tong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei-Kuan Gu
- Research Service, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi-Lin Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shi-Wei Liu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Decio Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ling-Li Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, the Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030032, China.
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13
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Potestio L, Lauletta G, Tommasino N, Portarapillo A, Salsano A, Battista T, Martora F, Megna M. Risk Factors for Psoriasis Flares: A Narrative Review. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 14:39-50. [PMID: 38831846 PMCID: PMC11146339 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s323281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease with multifactorial pathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors as well as the innate and acquired immune response. Several triggering factors may exacerbate or worsen the disease. In this context, we performed a review manuscript with the aim of investigating current literature on psoriasis risk factors, also showing possible mechanisms by which they act on psoriasis. Globally, risk factors can be divided in classic risk factors (eg, mechanical stress, infections and dysbiosis of the skin, common drugs, environment and pollution, lifestyle, psychological stress, hormonal and metabolic alterations) which have long been known to be responsible for worsening and/or reoccurrence of psoriatic manifestations, and emerging risk factors (eg, biological drugs, immunotherapy for oncologic disease, Covid-19, and vaccines) defined as those newly identified risk factors. Accurate patient information and monitoring of risk factors as well as planned follow-ups may help to prevent and treat the worsening of psoriasis and consequently improve the quality of life of psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Potestio
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauletta
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nello Tommasino
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Portarapillo
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Salsano
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Battista
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martora
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Mosmann TR, McMichael AJ, LeVert A, McCauley JW, Almond JW. Opportunities and challenges for T cell-based influenza vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8. [PMID: 38698082 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination remains our main defence against influenza, which causes substantial annual mortality and poses a serious pandemic threat. Influenza virus evades immunity by rapidly changing its surface antigens but, even when the vaccine is well matched to the current circulating virus strains, influenza vaccines are not as effective as many other vaccines. Influenza vaccine development has traditionally focused on the induction of protective antibodies, but there is mounting evidence that T cell responses are also protective against influenza. Thus, future vaccines designed to promote both broad T cell effector functions and antibodies may provide enhanced protection. As we discuss, such vaccines present several challenges that require new strategic and economic considerations. Vaccine-induced T cells relevant to protection may reside in the lungs or lymphoid tissues, requiring more invasive assays to assess the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. T cell functions may contain and resolve infection rather than completely prevent infection and early illness, requiring vaccine effectiveness to be assessed based on the prevention of severe disease and death rather than symptomatic infection. It can be complex and costly to measure T cell responses and infrequent clinical outcomes, and thus innovations in clinical trial design are needed for economic reasons. Nevertheless, the goal of more effective influenza vaccines justifies renewed and intensive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W Almond
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Stambouli N, Bahrini K, Romdhani C, Rebai A, Boughariou S, Zakraoui M, Arfaoui B, Seyli S, Boukhalfa Y, Battikh R, Moussa MB, Labbene I, Ferjani M, Gharssallah H. Humoral and cellular response of two different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a group of healthcare workers: An observational study. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113665. [PMID: 38490578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
On March 13, 2021, Tunisia started a widespread immunization program against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different vaccinations that had been given emergency approval. Herein, we followed prospectively a cohort of participant who received COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer BioNTech and Sputnik-Gameleya V). The goal of this follow-up was to define the humoral and cellular immunological profile after immunization by assessing neutralizing antibodies and IFN- γ release. 26 vaccinated health care workers by Pfizer BioNTech (n=12) and Sputnik-Gameleya V (n=14) were enrolled from June to December 2021 in Military hospital of Tunis. All consenting participants were sampled for peripheral blood after three weeks of vaccination. The humoral response was investigated by the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to S1 protein. The CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were evaluated by the QuantiFERON® SARS-CoV-2 (Qiagen® Basel, Switzerland). Regardless the type of vaccine, the assessment of humoral and cellular response following vaccination showed a strong involvement of the later with expression of IFN-γ as compared to antibodies secretion. Moreover, we showed that people with past SARS-CoV-2 infection developed high levels of antibodies than those who are not previously infected. However, no significant difference was detected concerning interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression by CD4 and CD8 T cells in health care worker (HCW) previously infection or not with COVID-19 infection. Analysis of immune response according to the type of vaccine, we found that Pfizer BioNTech induced high level of humoral response (91.66%) followed by Sputnik-Gameleya V (64.28%). However, adenovirus vaccine gave a better cellular response (57.14%) than mRNA vaccine (41.66%). Regarding the immune response following vaccine doses, we revealed a significant increase of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ release by T cells in patients fully vaccinated as compared to those who have received just one vaccine. Collectively, our data revealed a similar immune response between Pfizer BioNTech and Sputnik-Gameleya V vaccine with a slight increase of humoral response by mRNA vaccine and cellular response by adenovirus vaccine. It's evident that past SARS-CoV-2 infection was a factor that contributed to the vaccination's increased immunogenicity. However, the administration of full doses of vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech or Sputnik-Gameleya V) induces better humoral and cellular responses detectable even more than three months following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Stambouli
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Bahrini
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Chihebeddine Romdhani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Rebai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sana Boughariou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zakraoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Arfaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Seyli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yasmine Boukhalfa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Battikh
- Department of Infectious Disease, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Moussa
- Laboratory of Virology, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Iheb Labbene
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mustpha Ferjani
- University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Gharssallah
- Research Unit UR17DN05, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia; University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital of Tunis, 1008 Montfleury, Tunis, Tunisia
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16
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Samdaengpan C, Sungkasubun P, Chaiwiriyawong W, Supavavej A, Siripaibun J, Phanthunane C, Tantiyavarong W, Lamlertthon W, Ungtrakul T, Tawinprai K, Soonklang K, Thongchai T, Limpawittayakul P. Effect of Corticosteroid on Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Solid Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300458. [PMID: 38781552 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Corticosteroids are known to diminish immune response ability, which is generally used in routine premedication for chemotherapy. The intersecting of timeframe between the corticosteroid's duration of action and peak COVID-19 vaccine efficacy could impair vaccine immunogenicity. Thus, inquiring about corticosteroids affecting the efficacy of vaccines to promote effective immunity in this population is needed. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study that enrolled patients with solid cancer classified into dexamethasone- and nondexamethasone-receiving groups. All participants were immunized with two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac vaccines. This study's purpose was to compare corticosteroid's effect on immunogenicity responses to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in patients with cancer after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine in the dexamethasone and nondexamethasone group. Secondary outcomes included the postimmunization anti-spike (S) immunoglobin G (IgG) seroconversion rate, the association of corticosteroid dosage, time duration, and immunogenicity level. RESULTS Among the 161 enrolled patients with solid cancer, 71 and 90 were in the dexamethasone and nondexamethasone groups, respectively. The median anti-S IgG titer after COVID-19 vaccination in the dexamethasone group was lower than that in the nondexamethasone group with a statistically significant difference (47.22 v 141.09 U/mL, P = .035). The anti-S IgG seroconversion rate was also significantly lower in the dexamethasone group than in the nondexamethasone group (93.83% v 80.95%, P = .023). The lowest median anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer level at 7.89 AU/mL was observed in patients with the highest dose of steroid group (≥37 mg of dexamethasone cumulative dose throughout the course of chemotherapy [per course]) and patients who were injected with COVID-19 vaccines on the same day of receiving dexamethasone, 25.41 AU/mL. CONCLUSION Patients with solid cancer vaccinated against COVID-19 disease while receiving dexamethasone had lower immunogenicity responses than those who got vaccines without dexamethasone. The direct association between the immunogenicity level and steroid dosage, as well as length of duration from vaccination to dexamethasone, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanee Samdaengpan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakongboon Sungkasubun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawit Chaiwiriyawong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Archara Supavavej
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jomtana Siripaibun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chumut Phanthunane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walaipan Tantiyavarong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisut Lamlertthon
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Ungtrakul
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Soonklang
- Chulabhorn Learning and Research Center, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitapha Thongchai
- Chulabhorn Learning and Research Center, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Limpawittayakul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Zhu Y, Ma J, Shen R, Lin J, Li S, Lu X, Stelzel JL, Kong J, Cheng L, Vuong I, Yao ZC, Wei C, Korinetz NM, Toh WH, Choy J, Reynolds RA, Shears MJ, Cho WJ, Livingston NK, Howard GP, Hu Y, Tzeng SY, Zack DJ, Green JJ, Zheng L, Doloff JC, Schneck JP, Reddy SK, Murphy SC, Mao HQ. Screening for lipid nanoparticles that modulate the immune activity of helper T cells towards enhanced antitumour activity. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:544-560. [PMID: 38082180 PMCID: PMC11162325 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can be designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapy by promoting their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, stimulating the maturation of these cells and modulating the activity of adjuvants. Here we report an LNP-screening method for the optimization of the type of helper lipid and of lipid-component ratios to enhance the delivery of tumour-antigen-encoding mRNA to dendritic cells and their immune-activation profile towards enhanced antitumour activity. The method involves screening for LNPs that enhance the maturation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and antigen presentation in vitro, followed by assessing immune activation and tumour-growth suppression in a mouse model of melanoma after subcutaneous or intramuscular delivery of the LNPs. We found that the most potent antitumour activity, especially when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors, resulted from a coordinated attack by T cells and NK cells, triggered by LNPs that elicited strong immune activity in both type-1 and type-2 T helper cells. Our findings highlight the importance of optimizing the LNP composition of mRNA-based cancer vaccines to tailor antigen-specific immune-activation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingyao Ma
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruochen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinghan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica L Stelzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiayuan Kong
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vuong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Cheng Yao
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole M Korinetz
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wu Han Toh
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Choy
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebekah A Reynolds
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie J Shears
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won June Cho
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory P Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sashank K Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Kiran KA, Kumari S, Saroj U, Kujur M, Kujur A, Kumar M, Narain S, N V, K J. An Analysis of Antibody Response to COVID-19 Vaccination Among Medicos in a Predominantly Tribal State in India: A Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61154. [PMID: 38933647 PMCID: PMC11200304 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Global health is still being impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives We evaluated the antibody response in this study in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccination, both with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare personnel at a tertiary institution of a predominantly tribal state in India. Results A total of 187 medical students made up the vaccinee group; the majority (152; 81.3%) were between the ages of 18 and 23; 128 (68.4%) of the students were female; and 104 (55.6%) had received the Covishield (AstraZeneca plc, England, UK) vaccination. Of the subjects, 51 (27.3%) had a history of COVID-19 infection. For those who were infected, the antibody titer peaked after six months, whereas it took twice as long for those who were not. Up to a year later, the antibody titers for Covaxin (Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India) and Covishield remained equal; however, Covishield titers drastically decreased while Covaxin stayed constant when an infection history was present. Conclusion The study's findings show that immunization in individuals who have previously contracted COVID-19 induces a higher level of antibody response than immunization in individuals who have not previously contracted the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Asha Kiran
- Preventive Medicine, Rajendra institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Sushma Kumari
- Blood Bank, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Usha Saroj
- Blood Bank, Rajendra institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Manisha Kujur
- Preventive Medicine, Rajendra institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Anit Kujur
- Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Mithilesh Kumar
- Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Smiti Narain
- Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Venkatesh N
- Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
| | - Jeseena K
- Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND
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19
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Iwata S, Pollard AJ, Tada Y, Omoto S, Shibata RY, Igarashi K, Hasegawa T, Ariyasu M, Sonoyama T. A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of a COVID-19 recombinant vaccine S-268019-b versus ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in Japanese adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9830. [PMID: 38684712 PMCID: PMC11059267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed S-268019-b, a recombinant spike protein vaccine with a squalene-based adjuvant, for superiority in its immunogenicity over ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine among adults in Japan. In this multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded, phase 3 study, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-naïve participants (aged ≥ 18 years, without prior infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2) were randomized (1:1) to receive either S-268019-b or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as two intramuscular injections given 28 days apart. Participants who provided consent for a booster administration received S-268019-b at Day 211. The primary endpoint was SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer on Day 57; the key secondary endpoint was the seroconversion rate for SARS-CoV-2 NAb titer on Day 57. Other endpoints included anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody titer and safety. The demographic and baseline characteristics were generally comparable between S-268019-b (n = 611) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n = 610) groups. S-268019-b showed superior immunogenicity over ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, based on their geometric mean titers (GMTs) and GMT ratios of SARS-CoV-2 NAb on Day 57 by cytopathic effect assay (GMT [95% confidence interval {CI}] 19.92 [18.68, 21.23] versus 3.63 [3.41, 3.87]; GMT ratio [95% CI] 5.48 [5.01, 6.00], respectively; two-sided p-values < 0.0001). Additionally, NAb measured using a cell viability assay also showed similar results (GMT [95% CI] 183.25 [168.04, 199.84] versus 24.79 [22.77, 27.00]; GMT ratio [95% CI] 7.39 [6.55, 8.35] for S-268019-b versus ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, respectively; p < 0.0001). The GMT of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-protein IgG antibody was 370.05 for S-268019-b versus 77.92 for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 on Day 57 (GMT ratio [95% CI] 4.75 [4.34, 5.20]). Notably, immune responses were durable through the end of the study. S-268019-b elicited T-helper 1 skewed T-cell response, comparable to that of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. After the first dose, the incidence of solicited systemic treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was higher in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, but after the second dose, the incidence was higher in the S-268019-b group. Headache, fatigue, and myalgia were the most commonly reported solicited systemic TRAEs, while pain at the injection site was the most frequently reported solicited local TRAE following both doses in both groups. No serious treatment-related adverse serious TRAEs events were reported in the two groups. S-268019-b was more immunogenic than ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and was well tolerated (jRCT2051210151).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yukio Tada
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Omoto
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Risa Y Shibata
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Igarashi
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hasegawa
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Ariyasu
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takuhiro Sonoyama
- Drug Development and Regulatory Science Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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20
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Drury RE, Camara S, Chelysheva I, Bibi S, Sanders K, Felle S, Emary K, Phillips D, Voysey M, Ferreira DM, Klenerman P, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Pollard AJ, O'Connor D. Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3402. [PMID: 38649734 PMCID: PMC11035709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune mechanisms mediating COVID-19 vaccine attenuation of COVID-19 remain undescribed. We conducted comprehensive analyses detailing immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus in blood post-vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or a placebo. Samples from randomised placebo-controlled trials (NCT04324606 and NCT04400838) were taken at baseline, onset of COVID-19-like symptoms, and 7 days later, confirming COVID-19 using nucleic amplification test (NAAT test) via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Serum cytokines were measured with multiplexed immunoassays. The transcriptome was analysed with long, short and small RNA sequencing. We found attenuation of RNA inflammatory signatures in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 compared with placebo vaccinees and reduced levels of serum proteins associated with COVID-19 severity. KREMEN1, a putative alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptor, was downregulated in placebo compared with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees. Vaccination ameliorates reductions in cell counts across leukocyte populations and platelets noted at COVID-19 onset, without inducing potentially deleterious Th2-skewed immune responses. Multi-omics integration links a global reduction in miRNA expression at COVID-19 onset to increased pro-inflammatory responses at the mRNA level. This study reveals insights into the role of COVID-19 vaccines in mitigating disease severity by abrogating pro-inflammatory responses associated with severe COVID-19, affirming vaccine-mediated benefit in breakthrough infection, and highlighting the importance of clinically relevant endpoints in vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Drury
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susana Camara
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Irina Chelysheva
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine Sanders
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Salle Felle
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine Emary
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Phillips
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Oliveira LAR, Correa AS, de Jesus TA, Bortolini MJS, Taketomi EA, Resende RDO. Distinct Adverse Reactions to mRNA, Inactivated Virus, and Adenovirus Vector COVID-19 Vaccines: Insights from a Cohort Study on Atopic and Non-Atopic Subjects in Brazil. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:408. [PMID: 38675790 PMCID: PMC11054204 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 prompted an unprecedented global response to develop vaccines at an accelerated pace. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and adenovirus vector vaccines emerged as the frontrunners in global immunization efforts, significantly reducing hospitalization, severity, and mortality, supplemented by inactivated virus-based vaccines in developing countries. However, concerns regarding adverse effects, including allergic reactions, have been raised. This study aimed to investigate the adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination, particularly in atopic and non-atopic individuals. A cohort of 305 volunteers receiving BNT162, ChAdOx1, or CoronaVac vaccines were assessed based on a Skin Prick Test (SPT), specific IgE levels, and clinical history of asthma and rhinitis. Adverse effects were self-reported and scored across the different vaccination shots. The results indicated a notable presence of mild adverse effects following the first and third doses, regardless of vaccine type. ChAdOx1 recipients experienced more adverse effects compared to those receiving BNT162 and CoronaVac, including headaches, muscle pain, fever, chills, nausea, and flu-like symptoms. Atopic individuals receiving ChAdOx1 reported more adverse effects, such as muscle pain, fever, and chills, compared to non-atopic individuals. Conversely, headaches were more frequently reported in non-atopic individuals receiving BNT162 compared to atopic individuals. No anaphylaxis or allergic reactions were reported, indicating valuable evidence supporting the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with respiratory allergies. This study highlights the importance of understanding vaccine-related adverse effects, particularly in vulnerable populations, to inform vaccination strategies and address safety concerns in global immunization campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alves Ribeiro Oliveira
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (A.S.C.); (T.A.d.J.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Sousa Correa
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (A.S.C.); (T.A.d.J.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Thiago Alves de Jesus
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (A.S.C.); (T.A.d.J.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Miguel Junior Sordi Bortolini
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69920-900, Brazil;
| | - Ernesto Akio Taketomi
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (A.S.C.); (T.A.d.J.); (E.A.T.)
| | - Rafael de Oliveira Resende
- Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-317, Brazil; (L.A.R.O.); (A.S.C.); (T.A.d.J.); (E.A.T.)
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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22
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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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23
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Libera M, Caputo V, Laterza G, Moudoud L, Soggiu A, Bonizzi L, Diotti RA. The Question of HIV Vaccine: Why Is a Solution Not Yet Available? J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:2147912. [PMID: 38628675 PMCID: PMC11019575 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2147912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever since its discovery, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has remained a significant public health concern. The number of HIV-1 seropositive individuals currently stands at 40.1 million, yet definitive treatment for the virus is still unavailable on the market. Vaccination has proven to be a potent tool in combating infectious diseases, as evidenced by its success against other pathogens. However, despite ongoing efforts and research, the unique viral characteristics have prevented the development of an effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. In this review, we aim to provide an historical overview of the various approaches attempted to create an effective anti-HIV-1 vaccine. Our objective is to explore the reasons why specific methods have failed to induce a protective immune response and to analyze the different modalities of immunogen presentation. This trial is registered with NCT05414786, NCT05471076, NCT04224701, and NCT01937455.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Libera
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Caputo
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Laterza
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Louiza Moudoud
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- SC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Diotti
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Pomona Ricerca S.r.l, Via Assarotti 7, 10122 Turin, Italy
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24
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Senevirathne TH, Wekking D, Swain JWR, Solinas C, De Silva P. COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:127-141. [PMID: 38135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The vigorous spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the rapid infection of millions of people worldwide and devastation of not only public healthcare, but also social, educational, and economic infrastructures. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 over time is due to the mutations that occurred in the genome during each replication. These mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as variants, were categorized as variants of interest (VOI) or variants of concern (VOC) based on the increased risk of transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, decreased effectiveness of current social measures, and available vaccines and therapeutics. The swift development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a great success for biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses, including boosters, have been administered worldwide. BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) are the four major COVID-19 vaccines that received early regulatory authorization based on their efficacy. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants resulted in higher resistance to available vaccines or treatments. It has been four years since the first reported infection of SARS-CoV-2, yet the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still infecting people worldwide. Despite this, COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on evolution of VOC and vaccination strategies against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Senevirathne
- Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Demi Wekking
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, P.O. Duilio Casula, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Tsukalov I, Sánchez-Cerrillo I, Rajas O, Avalos E, Iturricastillo G, Esparcia L, Buzón MJ, Genescà M, Scagnetti C, Popova O, Martin-Cófreces N, Calvet-Mirabent M, Marcos-Jimenez A, Martínez-Fleta P, Delgado-Arévalo C, de Los Santos I, Muñoz-Calleja C, Calzada MJ, González Álvaro I, Palacios-Calvo J, Alfranca A, Ancochea J, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martin-Gayo E. NFκB and NLRP3/NLRC4 inflammasomes regulate differentiation, activation and functional properties of monocytes in response to distinct SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2100. [PMID: 38453949 PMCID: PMC10920883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased recruitment of transitional and non-classical monocytes in the lung during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with COVID-19 severity. However, whether specific innate sensors mediate the activation or differentiation of monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 but not nucleoprotein induce differentiation of monocytes into transitional or non-classical subsets from both peripheral blood and COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage samples in a NFκB-dependent manner, but this process does not require inflammasome activation. However, NLRP3 and NLRC4 differentially regulated CD86 expression in monocytes in response to Spike 1 and Nucleoprotein, respectively. Moreover, monocytes exposed to Spike 1 induce significantly higher proportions of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + T cells. In contrast, monocytes exposed to Nucleoprotein reduce the degranulation of CD8 + T cells from severe COVID-19 patients. Our study provides insights in the differential impact of innate sensors in regulating monocytes in response to different SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which might be useful to better understand COVID-19 immunopathology and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Tsukalov
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Rajas
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Avalos
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Esparcia
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Buzón
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Univesritari Vall d'Hebrón (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Univesritari Vall d'Hebrón (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Scagnetti
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Popova
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Martin-Cófreces
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Calvet-Mirabent
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jimenez
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Delgado-Arévalo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio de Los Santos
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Calzada
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios-Calvo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Ancochea
- Pneumology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Gayo
- Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFECC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Finsterer J, Matovu D. Immune-mediated encephalitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 238:108188. [PMID: 38422745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES one of the neurological side effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations is immune encephalitis. This review aims at summarising previous and current findings on the frequency, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-associated encephalitis (SC2VIE). METHODS narrative review of eligible articles meeting defined search criteria and published between January 2021 and January 2024. RESULTS A total of 21 patients with SC2VIE reported in 18 articles were included. The AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1) was the trigger in 10 cases, the Biontech Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) in 8 cases, and the Moderna (mRNA1273), CoronaVac, and Sinopharm vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) in one case each. The ages ranged from 21 to 82 years. Twelve patients were female. SC2VIE developed after the first dose in eight patients, after the second in six patients, and in two after the third dose. The latency between vaccination and onset of clinical manifestations ranged from 1 to 56d. Eighteen patients received steroids, one patient intravenous immunoglobulins, one patient plasmapheresis, and two patients rituximab. Complete recovery was achieved in nine patients and incomplete recovery in ten. CONCLUSIONS SC2VIE is not an uncommon complication of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. The clinical presentation and treatment of SC2VIE do not differ from those of autoimmune encephalitis of other causes. Since SC2VIE can manifest only as a psychiatric disease, patients with post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination psychosis should be evaluated for SC2VIA. The outcome of SC2VIE depends largely on the severity of the immune response and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Matovu
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Liu Y, Li M, Cui T, Chen Z, Xu L, Li W, Peng Q, Li X, Zhao D, Valencia CA, Dong B, Wang Z, Chow HY, Li Y. A superior heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy against COVID-19: A bivalent vaccine based on yeast-derived RBD proteins followed by a heterologous vaccine. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29454. [PMID: 38445768 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Various vaccines have been challenged by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we reported a yeast-derived recombinant bivalent vaccine (Bivalent wild-type [Wt]+De) based on the wt and Delta receptor-binding domain (RBD). Yeast derived RBD proteins based on the wt and Delta mutant were used as the prime vaccine. It was found that, in the presence of aluminium hydroxide (Alum) and unmethylated CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) adjuvants, more cross-protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and variants were elicited by bivalent vaccine than monovalent wtRBD or Delta RBD. Furthermore, a heterologous boosting strategy consisting of two doses of bivalent vaccines followed by one dose adenovirus vectored vaccine exhibited cross-neutralization capacity and specific T cell responses against Delta and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.4/5) variants in mice, superior to a homologous vaccination strategy. This study suggested that heterologous prime-boost vaccination with yeast-derived bivalent protein vaccine could be a potential approach to address the challenge of emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhian Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangting Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhua Peng
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Danhua Zhao
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - C Alexander Valencia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Real & Best Biotech Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hoi Yee Chow
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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28
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Zoli A, Peluso G, Grimaldi M, De Simone C, D'Agostino MA, Ortolan A. New onset of guttate psoriasis, Hallopeau's continuous acrodermatitis, and psoriatic arthritis after COVID-19 vaccine. Scand J Rheumatol 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38407318 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2024.2316998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A Zoli
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Peluso
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Grimaldi
- Dermatology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - C De Simone
- Dermatology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - M A D'Agostino
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ortolan
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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29
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Kakavandi S, Hajikhani B, Azizi P, Aziziyan F, Nabi-Afjadi M, Farani MR, Zalpoor H, Azarian M, Saadi MI, Gharesi-Fard B, Terpos E, Zare I, Motamedifar M. COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38360719 PMCID: PMC10868124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kakavandi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Azizi
- Psychological and Brain Science Departments, Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Fatemeh Aziziyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Nano Bio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azarian
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co., Ltd., Shiraz, 7178795844, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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30
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Ghosh A, Kanta P, Ramola M, Mohindra R, Goyal K, Kishore R, Suri V, Lakshmi PVM, Chauhan C, Sharma M, Rakshit P, Ponnusamy K, Dikid T, Singh MP. Rapid Decline of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Single vs. Double-Dose (Short-Interval <6 Weeks) ChAdOx nCoV-19 Vaccinated Health-Care Workers. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:95. [PMID: 38353761 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The present work was carried out during the emergence of Delta Variant of Concern (VoC) and aimed to study the change in SARS CoV-2 viral load in Covishield vaccinated asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic health-care workers (HCWs) to find out the optimum isolation period. The SARS CoV-2 viral load was carried out in sequential samples of 55 eligible HCWs which included unvaccinated (UnV; n = 11), single-dose vaccinated (SDV, n = 20) and double-dose vaccinated [DDV, n = 24; short-interval (<6 weeks)] subjects. The mean load of envelope (E) gene on day 5 in SDV [0.42 × 105 copies/reaction] was significantly lower as compared to DDV [6.3 × 105 copies/reaction, P = 0.005] and UnV [6.6 × 105 copies/reaction, P = 0.001] groups. The rate of decline of SARS CoV-2 viral load in the initial 5 days of PCR positivity was significantly higher in SDV as compared to that in DDV (Mean log decline 0.39 vs. 0.19; P < 0.001). This was possibly due to interference of adenoviral immunity of first dose of adenovirus-vectored vaccine in double-dose vaccinated HCWs who had received vaccines within a shorter interval (<6 weeks).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Virology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Poonam Kanta
- Department of Virology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manisha Ramola
- Department of Virology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ritin Mohindra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kapil Goyal
- Department of Virology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Roop Kishore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Vikas Suri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - P V M Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Chanderkanta Chauhan
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Partha Rakshit
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tanzin Dikid
- National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi, India
| | - Mini P Singh
- Department of Virology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Vogrig A, Tartaglia S, Dentoni M, Fabris M, Bax F, Belluzzo M, Verriello L, Bagatto D, Gastaldi M, Tocco P, Zoccarato M, Zuliani L, Pilotto A, Padovani A, Villagrán-García M, Davy V, Gigli GL, Honnorat J, Valente M. Central nervous system immune-related disorders after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a multicenter study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344184. [PMID: 38375477 PMCID: PMC10876052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccines have been approved due to their excellent safety and efficacy data and their use has also permitted to reduce neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. However, clinical trials were underpowered to detect rare adverse events. Herein, the aim was to characterize the clinical spectrum and immunological features of central nervous system (CNS) immune-related events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods Multicenter, retrospective, cohort study (December 1, 2020-April 30, 2022). Inclusion criteria were (1) de novo CNS disorders developing after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (probable causal relationship as per 2021 Butler criteria) (2); evidence for an immune-mediated etiology, as per (i) 2016 Graus criteria for autoimmune encephalitis (AE); (ii) 2015 Wingerchuk criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; (iii) criteria for myelitis. Results Nineteen patients were included from 7 tertiary referral hospitals across Italy and France (one of them being a national referral center for AE), over almost 1 year and half of vaccination campaign. Vaccines administered were mRNA-based (63%) and adenovirus-vectored (37%). The median time between vaccination and symptoms onset was 14 days (range: 2-41 days). CSF was inflammatory in 74%; autoantibodies were detected in 5%. CSF cytokine analysis (n=3) revealed increased CXCL-10 (IP-10), suggesting robust T-cell activation. The patients had AE (58%), myelitis (21%), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (16%), and brainstem encephalitis (5%). All patients but 2 received immunomodulatory treatment. At last follow-up (median 130 days; range: 32-540), only one patient (5%) had a mRS>2. Conclusion CNS adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination appear to be very rare even at reference centers and consist mostly of antibody-negative AE, myelitis, and ADEM developing approximately 2 weeks after vaccination. Most patients improve following immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vogrig
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Dentoni
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Martina Fabris
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Bax
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Belluzzo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Verriello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Bagatto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Unit of Neuroradiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Gastaldi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tocco
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, “Spirito Santo” Hospital of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Zoccarato
- UOC Neurologia O.S.A. - Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Zuliani
- Neurology Unit, AULSS8 Berica, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Continuity of Care and Frailty, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Digital Neurology and Biosensors, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Macarena Villagrán-García
- French Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France
- MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Davy
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- French Reference Centre for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France
- MeLiS - UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284 - INSERM U1314, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Clinical Neurology, Department of Head-Neck and Neuroscience, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASU FC), Udine, Italy
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Artarini A, Hadianti T, Giri-Rachman EA, Tan MI, Safitri IA, Hidayat NA, Retnoningrum DS, Natalia D. Development of Adenovirus-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidate in Indonesia. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:222-232. [PMID: 37076664 PMCID: PMC10115376 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic has struck worldwide by end of 2019 and the use of various vaccine platforms was one of the main strategies to end this. To meet the needs for vaccine technology equality among many countries, we developed adenovirus-based Covid-19 vaccine candidate in Indonesia. SARS-CoV-2 Spike gene (S) was constructed into pAdEasy vector. The recombinant serotype 5 Adenovirus (AdV_S) genome was transfected into AD293 cells to produce recombinant adenovirus. Characterization using PCR confirmed the presence of spike gene. Transgene expression analysis showed the expression of S protein in AdV_S infected AD293 and A549 cells. Optimization of viral production showed the highest titer was obtained at MOI of 0.1 and 1 at 4 days. The in vivo study was performed by injecting Balb/c mice with 3.5 × 107 ifu of purified adenovirus. The result showed that S1-specific IgG was increased up to 56 days after single-dose administration of AdV_S. Interestingly, significant increase of S1 glycoprotein-specific IFN-γ ELISpot was observed in AdV_S treated Balb/c mice. In conclusion, the AdV_S vaccine candidate was successfully produced at laboratory scale, immunogenic, and did not cause severe inflammation in Balb/c mice. This study serves as initial step towards manufacturing of adenovirus-based vaccine in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Artarini
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Tia Hadianti
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Marselina Irasonia Tan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Intan A Safitri
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nurhamidah A Hidayat
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Debbie S Retnoningrum
- School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Natalia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jln. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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Ahmed N, Athavale A, Tripathi AH, Subramaniam A, Upadhyay SK, Pandey AK, Rai RC, Awasthi A. To be remembered: B cell memory response against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Scand J Immunol 2024; 99:e13345. [PMID: 38441373 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has plagued the world economy and affected the overall well-being and life of most of the people. Natural infection as well as vaccination leads to the development of an immune response against the pathogen. This involves the production of antibodies, which can neutralize the virus during future challenges. In addition, the development of cellular immune memory with memory B and T cells provides long-lasting protection. The longevity of the immune response has been a subject of intensive research in this field. The extent of immunity conferred by different forms of vaccination or natural infections remained debatable for long. Hence, understanding the effectiveness of these responses among different groups of people can assist government organizations in making informed policy decisions. In this article, based on the publicly available data, we have reviewed the memory response generated by some of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly B cell memory in different groups of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmed
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Atharv Athavale
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Adarsh Subramaniam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Ramesh Chandra Rai
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Stanley EA, Zhang L, O'Hara J, Haertsch P, Maitz P. The seven-fold rise in incidence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome & toxic epidermal necrolysis: Associations with COVID-19 and the vaccine. Burns 2024; 50:87-92. [PMID: 37730480 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, potentially life threatening mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction resulting in desquamation of the skin and mucosa. These patients are managed on burns units due to the widespread desquamation. We report the largest case series of participants developing SJS/TEN in the setting of recent COVID infection or vaccination. We found a seven-fold increase in SJS/TEN since the COVID pandemic. This increase correlates with an increase in COVID infections and vaccination rates. We explore the immunopathological relationships between COVID and SJS/TEN and propose theories for possible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Stanley
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lois Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia
| | - Justine O'Hara
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Haertsch
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Maitz
- Burns Unit, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Bouchlarhem A, Boulouiz S, Bazid Z, Ismaili N, El Ouafi N. Is There a Causal Link Between Acute Myocarditis and COVID-19 Vaccination: An Umbrella Review of Published Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2024; 18:11795468231221406. [PMID: 38249317 PMCID: PMC10798131 DOI: 10.1177/11795468231221406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction A few months after the beginning of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, several reports of myocarditis secondary to the vaccines were published, sometimes with fulminant cases, but until today there is no proven causal link between these 2 events, but with many hypotheses proposed. Methods A systematic review of current evidence regarding myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination was performed by searching several databases including PubMed/Medline and Web of Science. The quality of Meta-analysis was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool as well as other qualitative criteria. Results Our umbrella review appraised 4 Meta-analysis of retrospective studies (range: 5-12), The number of vaccine doses included ranged from 12 to 179 million, with the number of myocarditis cases observed ranging from 343 to 1489. All types of vaccines were evaluated, with no exclusions. The overall incidence ranged from 0.89 to 2.36 cases of myocarditis per 100 000 doses of vaccine received. Heterogeny was assessed in 3 of the Meta-analysis, and was highly significant (>75%) in all included studies, and with a significant P-value (P < .05). Regarding publication bias, 3 of the Meta-analysis conducted the egger and begg regression, with a significant result in only 1. Regarding the assessment of the methodology by the AMSTAR-2 scale indicating that the quality was very critical in 1, low in 2, and moderate in 1 Meta-analysis. Conclusion The quality of current non-randomized evidence on real causality and incidence of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccine is still low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bouchlarhem
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Soumia Boulouiz
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Bazid
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nabila Ismaili
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, LAMCESM, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Noha El Ouafi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Department of Cardiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, LAMCESM, Oujda, Morocco
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Binayke A, Zaheer A, Vishwakarma S, Singh S, Sharma P, Chandwaskar R, Gosain M, Raghavan S, Murugesan DR, Kshetrapal P, Thiruvengadam R, Bhatnagar S, Pandey AK, Garg PK, Awasthi A. A quest for universal anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay: systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38167915 PMCID: PMC10762233 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses is crucial to understanding an individual's immunity to COVID-19. However, high inter- and intra-assay variability make it difficult to define T cells as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. To address this, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis of 495 datasets from 94 original articles evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses using three assays - Activation Induced Marker (AIM), Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS), and Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT), and defined each assay's quantitative range. We validated these ranges using samples from 193 SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Although IFNγ ELISPOT was the preferred assay, our experimental validation suggested that it under-represented the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire. Our data indicate that a combination of AIM and ICS or FluoroSpot assay would better represent the frequency, polyfunctionality, and compartmentalization of the antigen-specific T cell responses. Taken together, our results contribute to defining the ranges of antigen-specific T cell assays and propose a choice of assay that can be employed to better understand the cellular immune response against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Binayke
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aymaan Zaheer
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Siddhesh Vishwakarma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rucha Chandwaskar
- Department of Microbiology, AMITY University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mudita Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
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Ganesh R, Yadav S, Hurt RT, Mueller MR, Aakre CA, Gilman EA, Grach SL, Overgaard J, Snyder MR, Collins NM, Croghan IT, Badley AD, Razonable RR, Salonen BR. Pro Inflammatory Cytokines Profiles of Patients With Long COVID Differ Between Variant Epochs. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241254751. [PMID: 38808863 PMCID: PMC11138192 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241254751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 30% of patients with COVID-19 have persistent symptoms that last beyond 30 days and referred to as Long COVID. Long COVID has been associated with a persistent elevation in peripheral cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. This study reports cytokine profiles of patients in our clinic across SARS-COV-2 variant epochs. METHODS The clinical cytokine panel was analyzed in patients with Long COVID during periods that were stratified according to variant epoch. The 4 variant epochs were defined as: (1) wild-type through alpha, (2) alpha/beta/gamma, (3) delta, and (4) omicron variants. RESULTS A total of 390 patients had the clinical cytokine panel performed; the median age was 48 years (IQR 38-59) and 62% were female. Distribution by variant was wild-type and alpha, 50% (n = 196); alpha/beta/gamma, 7.9% (n = 31); delta, 18% (n = 72); and omicron, 23% (n = 91). Time to cytokine panel testing was significantly longer for the earlier epochs. Tumor necrosis factor-α (P < .001) and interleukin 1β (P < .001) were significantly more elevated in the earlier epochs (median of 558 days in wild-type through Alpha epoch vs 263 days in omicron epoch, P < .001)). Nucleocapsid antibodies were consistently detected across epochs. DISCUSSION When stratified by variant epoch, patients with early epoch Long COVID had persistently elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokine levels when compared to later epoch Long COVID. Patients with Long COVID have similar clusters of symptoms across epochs, suggesting that the underlying pathology is independent of the peripheral cytokine signature.
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Baddar D, Fayed AE, Tawfik CA, Bassily S, Gergess MM, El-Agha MSH. COVID-19 VACCINE-INDUCED ACUTE EXUDATIVE POLYMORPHOUS VITELLIFORM MACULOPATHY: CASE REPORTS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:66-70. [PMID: 36731098 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy is a presumed retinal pigment epithelium abnormality that has been reported in patients with neoplasms and under certain classes of drugs. The pathophysiology remains unclear, despite the typical clinical features. PURPOSE To report two cases of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy occurring after vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine. CASE REPORTS Two adult patients presented with visual disturbance after inoculation with a COVID-19 vaccine. The patients were otherwise healthy and have no family history of retinal dystrophies. Both cases exhibited the following features on multimodal imaging: multifocal hyporeflective lesions involving the macula, elongated photoreceptors, accumulated vitelliform material exhibiting autofluorescence, and lack of fluorescein dye leakage. Evidence of retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction was confirmed by electrooculography. CONCLUSION Two cases of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy occurring after COVID-19 vaccination were reported. A relationship between the vaccine and the retinal pigment epithelial abnormality development that led to acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy was postulate, possibly through autoantibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus structural surface glycoprotein antigens that cross react with the normal retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Baddar
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Fayed
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; and
| | - Caroline A Tawfik
- Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed-Sameh H El-Agha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; and
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Anastassopoulou C, Boufidou F, Hatziantoniou S, Vasileiou K, Spanakis N, Tsakris A. Adverse events of acute nephrotoxicity reported to EudraVigilance and VAERS after COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine 2023; 41:7176-7182. [PMID: 37891048 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to estimate the reporting rates (RRs) of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal failure (RF) after COVID-19 vaccination in the European Economic Area (EEA) and the United States. METHODS We retrieved and analyzed pharmacovigilance data on suspected AKI and RF cases and fatalities post COVID-19 vaccination with licensed vaccines reported to EudraVigilance and VAERS between week 52/2020 and week 52/2022 or week 1/2023, respectively. Reporting rates with 95% confidence intervals were estimated per million administered vaccine doses. RESULTS In total, 4,244 AKI and 1,557 RF suspected cases were notified to EudraVigilance (1,692 AKI/971 RF) and VAERS (2,552 AKI/586 RF) during the study period following the administration of >1.6 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses (EEA: 970,934,453/US: 666,511,603). The overall RRs were 3.03 (95 % CI: 2.94-3.12) for AKI and 1.11 (95 % CI: 1.06-1.17) for RF per million administered vaccine doses. Indices for statistically significant increased risks were found in subjects, especially males, ≥65 years compared to 18-64 years old (AKI: OR = 7.23, 95 % CI: 6.63-7.88, p = 0.000, and RF: OR = 4.74, 95 % CI: 3.99-5.63, p < 0.001). AKI reporting rates were higher in the US, while RF reporting rates were higher in Europe. Both potential side effects were elevated following vectored rather than mRNA vaccines, with the highest reporting rates post AD26.COV2.S vaccination in the US (AKI: RR = 12.24, 95 % CI: 10.66-13.81; RF: RR = 3.17, 95 % CI: 2.36-3.97). There were 1,312 deaths possibly associated with AKI (RR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.89-0.99) and 460 deaths possibly associated with RF (RR = 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.36) per million vaccine doses. Fatalities were lower in Europe than in the US (AKI: OR = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.22-0.28, p < 0.001; RF: OR = 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.69-0.99, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS AKI and RF may be observed rarely following vaccination against COVID-19. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and uncover the underlying pathophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Fotini Boufidou
- Neurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1(st) Department of Neurology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Spanakis
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Bottero D, Rudi E, Martin Aispuro P, Zurita E, Gaillard E, Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Malito J, Stuible M, Ambrosis N, Durocher Y, Gamarnik AV, Wigdorovitz A, Hozbor D. Heterologous booster with a novel formulation containing glycosylated trimeric S protein is effective against Omicron. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271209. [PMID: 38022542 PMCID: PMC10667599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a heterologous three-dose vaccination schedule against the Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant infection using a mouse intranasal challenge model. The vaccination schedules tested in this study consisted of a primary series of 2 doses covered by two commercial vaccines: an mRNA-based vaccine (mRNA1273) or a non-replicative vector-based vaccine (AZD1222/ChAdOx1, hereafter referred to as AZD1222). These were followed by a heterologous booster dose using one of the two vaccine candidates previously designed by us: one containing the glycosylated and trimeric spike protein (S) from the ancestral virus (SW-Vac 2µg), and the other from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (SD-Vac 2µg), both formulated with Alhydrogel as an adjuvant. For comparison purposes, homologous three-dose schedules of the commercial vaccines were used. The mRNA-based vaccine, whether used in heterologous or homologous schedules, demonstrated the best performance, significantly increasing both humoral and cellular immune responses. In contrast, for the schedules that included the AZD1222 vaccine as the primary series, the heterologous schemes showed superior immunological outcomes compared to the homologous 3-dose AZD1222 regimen. For these schemes no differences were observed in the immune response obtained when SW-Vac 2µg or SD-Vac 2µg were used as a booster dose. Neutralizing antibody levels against Omicron BA.1 were low, especially for the schedules using AZD1222. However, a robust Th1 profile, known to be crucial for protection, was observed, particularly for the heterologous schemes that included AZD1222. All the tested schedules were capable of inducing populations of CD4 T effector, memory, and follicular helper T lymphocytes. It is important to highlight that all the evaluated schedules demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and induced multiple immunological markers of protection. Although the levels of these markers were different among the tested schedules, they appear to complement each other in conferring protection against intranasal challenge with Omicron BA.1 in K18-hACE2 mice. In summary, the results highlight the potential of using the S protein (either ancestral Wuhan or Delta variant)-based vaccine formulation as heterologous boosters in the management of COVID-19, particularly for certain commercial vaccines currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Rudi
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria M. Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Malito
- INCUINTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), HURLINGHAM, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Ambrosis
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yves Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea V. Gamarnik
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- INCUINTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), HURLINGHAM, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centro Científico Tecnológico – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina
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van Bergen J, Camps MG, Pardieck IN, Veerkamp D, Leung WY, Leijs AA, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Arens R, Zondag GC, Ossendorp F. Multiantigen pan-sarbecovirus DNA vaccines generate protective T cell immune responses. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172488. [PMID: 37707962 PMCID: PMC10721273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the third zoonotic coronavirus to cause a major outbreak in humans in recent years, and many more SARS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential are circulating in several animal species. Vaccines inducing T cell immunity against broadly conserved viral antigens may protect against hospitalization and death caused by outbreaks of such viruses. We report the design and preclinical testing of 2 T cell-based pan-sarbecovirus vaccines, based on conserved regions within viral proteins of sarbecovirus isolates of human and other carrier animals, like bats and pangolins. One vaccine (CoVAX_ORF1ab) encoded antigens derived from nonstructural proteins, and the other (CoVAX_MNS) encoded antigens from structural proteins. Both multiantigen DNA vaccines contained a large set of antigens shared across sarbecoviruses and were rich in predicted and experimentally validated human T cell epitopes. In mice, the multiantigen vaccines generated both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to shared epitopes. Upon encounter of full-length spike antigen, CoVAX_MNS-induced CD4+ T cells were responsible for accelerated CD8+ T cell and IgG Ab responses specific to the incoming spike, irrespective of its sarbecovirus origin. Finally, both vaccines elicited partial protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-transgenic mice. These results support clinical testing of these universal sarbecovirus vaccines for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel G.M. Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris N. Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Veerkamp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wing Yan Leung
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. Leijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerben C. Zondag
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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Arifin ANF, Hengky A, Widjaja M, Wijaya L. New-Onset and Exacerbation of Psoriasis following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:724. [PMID: 38371588 PMCID: PMC10868966 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_833_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although uncommon, several cases of new-onset and exacerbation of psoriasis have been reported after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. This study aims to systematically review reports regarding new-onset and exacerbation of psoriasis to identify features related to that condition following COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods Three databases were utilised, namely, PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOHost to search for literature published until June 2022. We used the following MeSH terms: "psoriasis," "exacerbation," "induced psoriasis," and "COVID-19 vaccination." The included literature must report the case/(s) of psoriasis exacerbation in previously-in-remission or induced psoriasis in individuals receiving any dose of COVID-19 vaccines regardless of the type. Results Among 33 selected studies, an overall mean age was 57.52 ± 15.92 years. Female (n = 40; 54.8%) was more frequently reported than male (n = 33; 45.2%). In terms of vaccine types, Pfizer is the most commonly reported (49 cases; 67.1%), followed by Astra-Zeneca (13 cases; 17.8%), Moderna (10 cases; 13.7%), and CoronaVac (1 case; 1.4%). The onset of psoriasis after receiving the COVID-19 Vaccines was varied, ranging from 1 to 90 days (Mean ± SD: 15.75 ± 18.22). Plaque psoriasis was most commonly reported, followed by pustular, guttate and other types of psoriasis. Reported cases were frequently treated with topical steroids and monoclonal antibodies monotherapy. Conclusions Although the cases of new-onset and exacerbation of psoriasis after COVID-19 vaccination is quite scarce, the possibility of occurrence should be acknowledged and managed properly; and patients should be informed, particularly ones with history of psoriasis without discouraging patients to take vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah N. F. Arifin
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antoninus Hengky
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maureen Widjaja
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lorettha Wijaya
- From the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Borgo GM, Rutishauser RL. Generating and measuring effective vaccine-elicited HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2023; 18:331-341. [PMID: 37751362 PMCID: PMC10552829 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is growing consensus that eliciting CD8 + T cells in addition to antibodies may be required for an effective HIV vaccine for both prevention and cure. Here, we review key qualities of vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells as well as major CD8 + T cell-based delivery platforms used in recent HIV vaccine clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Much progress has been made in improving HIV immunogen design and delivery platforms to optimize CD8 + T cell responses. With regards to viral vectors, recent trials have tested newer chimp and human adenovirus vectors as well as a CMV vector. DNA vaccine immunogenicity has been increased by delivering the vaccines by electroporation and together with adjuvants as well as administering them as part of a heterologous regimen. In preclinical models, self-amplifying RNA vaccines can generate durable tissue-based CD8 + T cells. While it may be beneficial for HIV vaccines to recapitulate the functional and phenotypic features of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells isolated from elite controllers, most of these features are not routinely measured in HIV vaccine clinical trials. SUMMARY Identifying a vaccine capable of generating durable T cell responses that target mutationally vulnerable epitopes and that can rapidly intercept infecting or rebounding virus remains a challenge for HIV. Comprehensive assessment of HIV vaccine-elicited CD8 + T cells, as well as comparisons between different vaccine platforms, will be critical to advance our understanding of how to design better CD8 + T cell-based vaccines for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Borgo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Doh JY, Lee JH. A Generalized Lichen Planus Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:S260-S264. [PMID: 38061717 PMCID: PMC10727909 DOI: 10.5021/ad.22.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the efforts to overcome the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mass vaccination programs against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been initiated. Since then, an increasing number of cutaneous adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines have been reported. Lichen planus (LP) is a rare inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with various clinical presentations, although uncommon, occurring following vaccination. There have been several cases of LP reported following COVID-19 vaccination. However, there has been no report of generalized LP following the COVID-19 vaccine to our knowledge. Herein, we report a case of generalized LP following the Oxford/AstraZeneca (AZD1222) vaccine. A 68-year-old female presented with widespread, erythematous pruritic papules and plaques on the trunk and both limbs, which developed 2 to 3 days after administration of the AZD1222 vaccine. Histopathological examinations revealed cellular interface dermatitis. The patient was diagnosed with generalized LP and was successfully treated with systemic corticosteroid and cyclosporine. As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 is ongoing and early recognition and treatment are essential to reduce the morbidity of this condition, clinicians should be aware that LP could follow COVID-19 vaccination regardless of the type of vaccine administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yun Doh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Familiar-Macedo D, Vieira Damasco P, Fiestas Solórzano VE, Carnevale Rodrigues J, Sampaio de Lemos ER, Barreto Dos Santos F, Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira M, Leal de Azeredo E, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators in COVID-19 patients and in ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine recipients. Cytokine 2023; 171:156350. [PMID: 37672863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunological and cytotoxic mediators are induced in natural infection and are essential for the effectiveness of vaccination. Vaccination is useful to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and limit the morbidity/mortality of COVID-19. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is one of the most widespread vaccines in the world. We compared the detection of anti-S1 SARS-CoV2 IgG and the profile of inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of patients who developed different clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with individuals previously exposed or not to the virus received the first and booster doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Plasma from 35 patients with COVID-19 and 11 vaccinated were evaluated by multiplex assay. Here, no vaccinated subjects had serious adverse effects. Those vaccinated with a booster dose had higher anti-S1 IgG than mild/moderate and recovered patients. Critically ill and deceased patients had IgG levels like those immunized. By univariate analysis, IL-2, IL-17, and perforin do not differentiate between patients and vaccinated individuals. Granzyme A increased at dose 1, while patients had their levels reduced. High levels of granulysin, sFas, and IL-6 were detected in the deaths, but after vaccination, all were declined. The multivariate analysis supports the role of IL-6 and granulysin as associated and non-confounding variables related to the worst clinical outcome of COVID-19, but not sFas. Our data confirm the ability of the ChAdOx1 vaccine to produce specific antibody levels up to booster time. Furthermore, our data suggest that the vaccine can regulate both the hyper-production and the kinetics of the production of inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators involved in the cytokine storm, such as granulysin and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Familiar-Macedo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vieira Damasco
- Rede Casa Hospital Rio Laranjeiras e Rio Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22240-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Edgar Fiestas Solórzano
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Carnevale Rodrigues
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Barreto Dos Santos
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Marilda Agudo Mendonça Teixeira de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais (LVRE), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Maria de-Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório das Interações Vírus-Hospedeiros (LIVH), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Guthrie CM, Tan X, Meeker AC, Self AE, Liu L, Cheng Y. Engineering a dual vaccine against COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1273019. [PMID: 37965265 PMCID: PMC10641007 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been one of the top public health threats across the world over the past three years. Mycobacterium bovis BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the past decades, recombinant M.bovis BCG has been studied as a novel vaccine vector for other infectious diseases in humans besides tuberculosis, such as viral infections. In the current study, we generated a recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD that expresses a fusion protein consisting of M. tb Ag85A protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using synthetic biology technique. Our results show that the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain successfully expressed this fusion protein. Interestingly, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD significantly induced SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cell activation and IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain, and was more potent than the recombinant M.bovis BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. As expected, the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD activated an increased number of M. tb Ag85A-specific IFNγ-releasing T cells and enhanced IgG production in mice when compared to the parental M.bovis BCG strain or the BCG strain expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD alone. Taken together, our results indicate a potential application of the recombinant M. bovis BCG strain AspikeRBD as a novel dual vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and M. tb in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlyn Monèt Guthrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xuejuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Amber Cherry Meeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ashton Elisabeth Self
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Mitsi E, Diniz MO, Reiné J, Collins AM, Robinson RE, Hyder-Wright A, Farrar M, Liatsikos K, Hamilton J, Onyema O, Urban BC, Solórzano C, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Sheehan E, Lambe T, Draper SJ, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Maini MK, Ferreira DM. Respiratory mucosal immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6815. [PMID: 37884506 PMCID: PMC10603102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral vaccination to generate sustained immunity in the lung mucosa, and how this is influenced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, is unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history of both infection and vaccination have more airway mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations of airway spike-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are not expanded by vaccination alone. Airway mucosal T cells induced by infection have a distinct hierarchy of antigen specificity compared to the periphery. Spike-specific T cells persist in the lung mucosa for 7 months after the last immunising event. Thus, peripheral vaccination alone does not appear to induce durable lung mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2, supporting an argument for the need for vaccines targeting the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mitsi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Mariana O Diniz
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ryan E Robinson
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Madlen Farrar
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Josh Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Onyia Onyema
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Britta C Urban
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Emma Sheehan
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon J Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Science, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Mathew DS, Pandya T, Pandya H, Vaghela Y, Subbian S. An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Etiopathogenesis and Recent Developments in COVID-19 Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1565. [PMID: 38002247 PMCID: PMC10669259 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted the health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication and associated onset of inflammatory cytokine storm and disease pathology in various internal organs. However, the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not fully understood. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available to cure COVID-19, and most patients are treated empirically with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-viral drugs, based on the disease symptoms. Although several types of vaccines are currently implemented to control COVID-19 and prevent viral dissemination, the emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 that can evade the vaccine-induced protective immunity poses challenges to current vaccination strategies and highlights the necessity to develop better and improved vaccines. In this review, we summarize the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and elaborately discuss various types of vaccines and vaccination strategies, focusing on those vaccines that are currently in use worldwide to combat COVID-19 or in various stages of clinical development to use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Susan Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 608204, India;
| | - Tirtha Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Het Pandya
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Yuzen Vaghela
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (T.P.); (H.P.); (Y.V.)
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Zhang Z, Wu S, Liu Y, Li K, Fan P, Song X, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Shang J, Zhang J, Xu J, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Fu K, Wang B, Hao M, Zhang G, Long P, Qiu Z, Zhu T, Liu S, Zhang Y, Shao F, Lv P, Yang Y, Zhao X, Sun Y, Hou L, Chen W. Boosting with an aerosolized Ad5-nCoV elicited robust immune responses in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines recipients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239179. [PMID: 37868993 PMCID: PMC10585368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and exhibits immune escape to current COVID-19 vaccines, the further boosting strategies are required. Methods We have conducted a non-randomized, open-label and parallel-controlled phase 4 trial to evaluate the magnitude and longevity of immune responses to booster vaccination with intramuscular adenovirus vectored vaccine (Ad5-nCoV), aerosolized Ad5-nCoV, a recombinant protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001) or homologous inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in those who received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Results The aerosolized Ad5-nCoV induced the most robust and long-lasting neutralizing activity against Omicron variant and IFNg T-cell response among all the boosters, with a distinct mucosal immune response. SARS-CoV-2-specific mucosal IgA response was substantially generated in subjects boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV at day 14 post-vaccination. At month 6, participants boosted with the aerosolized Ad5-nCoV had remarkably higher median titer and seroconversion of the Omicron BA.4/5-specific neutralizing antibody than those who received other boosters. Discussion Our findings suggest that aerosolized Ad5-nCoV may provide an efficient alternative in response to the spread of the Omicron BA.4/5 variant. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=152729, identifier ChiCTR2200057278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kailiang Li
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xianwei Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinghan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kefan Fu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pengwei Long
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Fangze Shao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yufa Sun
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
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Rotrosen E, Kupper TS. Assessing the generation of tissue resident memory T cells by vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:655-665. [PMID: 37002288 PMCID: PMC10064963 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have been a hugely successful public health intervention, virtually eliminating many once common diseases of childhood. However, they have had less success in controlling endemic pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpesviruses and HIV. A focus on vaccine-mediated generation of neutralizing antibodies, which has been a successful approach for some pathogens, has been complicated by the emergence of escape variants, which has been seen for pathogens such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, as well as for HIV-1. We discuss how vaccination strategies aimed at generating a broad and robust T cell response may offer superior protection against pathogens, particularly those that have been observed to mutate rapidly. In particular, we consider here how a focus on generating resident memory T cells may be uniquely effective for providing immunity to pathogens that typically infect (or become reactivated in) the skin, respiratory mucosa or other barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rotrosen
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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