1
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Wang M, Ling L, Wang S, Ding CF. A homogeneous binary matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay for determination of artificial sweeteners in beverages. Food Chem 2024; 460:140597. [PMID: 39079360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been widely used as additives in various beverages. Due to the safety risks associated with artificial sweeteners, it is essential to develop a simple, rapid, and high-throughput method for the analysis of artificial sweeteners. Here, we report a homogeneous binary matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay for the simultaneous analysis of sweeteners including aspartame (ASP), neotame (NEO), and advantame (ADV) with a simple dilution step. The combination of nanodiamonds with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid effectively improved the signal response of sweeteners, decreased the background noise, and improved the "spot-to-spot" repeatability. After the optimization, the method exhibits low limits of detection (ASP: 20 nΜ; NEO: 10 nΜ; ADV: 5 nΜ), good linearity (r > 0.995), satisfactory accuracy (96.2-103.0%), and lower RSDs (1.5-5.8%). Finally, the target sweeteners in 17 soft beverages were successfully determined with this method, showing the potential for the routine analysis of artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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2
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Lin Y, Dong Y, Li X, Cai J, Cai L, Zhang G. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharide from lignocellulosic and marine biomass: A review of current progress, challenges, and its applications in food sectors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134014. [PMID: 39047995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have attracted great attentions because of their unique chemical properties and excellent prebiotic effects. Among the current strategies for XOS production, enzymatic hydrolysis is preferred due to its green and safe process, simplicity in equipment, and high control of the degrees of polymerization. This paper comprehensively summarizes various lignocellulosic biomass and marine biomass employed in enzymatic production of XOS. The importance and advantages of enzyme immobilization in XOS production are also discussed. Many novel immobilization techniques for xylanase are presented. In addition, bioinformatics techniques for the mining and designing of new xylanase are also described. Moreover, XOS has exhibited great potential applications in the food industry as diverse roles, such as a sugar replacer, a fat replacer, and cryoprotectant. This review systematically summarizes the current research progress on the applications of XOS in food sectors, including beverages, bakery products, dairy products, meat products, aquatic products, food packaging film, wall materials, and others. It is anticipated that this paper will act as a reference for the further development and application of XOS in food sectors and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China; Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Jinzhong Cai
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China
| | - Lixi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian, China.
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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3
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Witkowski M, Wilcox J, Province V, Wang Z, Nemet I, Tang WHW, Hazen SL. Ingestion of the Non-Nutritive Sweetener Erythritol, but Not Glucose, Enhances Platelet Reactivity and Thrombosis Potential in Healthy Volunteers-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:2136-2141. [PMID: 39114916 PMCID: PMC11338701 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although artificial and non-nutritive sweeteners are widely used and generally recognized as safe by the US and European Union regulatory agencies, there have been no clinical trials to assess either long-term cardiovascular disease risks or short-term cardiovascular disease-relevant phenotypes. Recent studies report that fasting plasma levels of erythritol, a commonly used sweetener, are clinically associated with heightened incident cardiovascular disease risks and enhance thrombosis potential in vitro and in animal models. Effects of dietary erythritol on thrombosis phenotypes in humans have not been examined. METHODS Using a prospective interventional study design, we tested the impact of erythritol or glucose consumption on multiple indices of stimulus-dependent platelet responsiveness in healthy volunteers (n=10 per group). Erythritol plasma levels were quantified with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Platelet function at baseline and following erythritol or glucose ingestion was assessed via both aggregometry and analysis of granule markers released. RESULTS Dietary erythritol (30 g), but not glucose (30 g), lead to a >1000-fold increase in erythritol plasma concentration (6480 [5930-7300] versus 3.75 [3.35-3.87] μmol/L; P<0.0001) and exhibited acute enhancement of stimulus-dependent aggregation responses in all subjects, agonists, and doses examined. Erythritol ingestion also enhanced stimulus-dependent release of the platelet dense granule marker serotonin (P<0.0001 for TRAP6 [thrombin activator peptide 6] and P=0.004 for ADP) and the platelet α-granule marker CXCL4 (C-X-C motif ligand-4; P<0.0001 for TRAP6 and P=0.06 for ADP). In contrast, glucose ingestion triggered no significant increases in stimulus-dependent release of either serotonin or CXCL4. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of a typical quantity of the non-nutritive sweetener erythritol, but not glucose, enhances platelet reactivity in healthy volunteers, raising concerns that erythritol consumption may enhance thrombosis potential. Combined with recent large-scale clinical observational studies and mechanistic cell-based and animal model studies, the present findings suggest that discussion of whether erythritol should be reevaluated as a food additive with the Generally Recognized as Safe designation is warranted. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04731363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Witkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
- Now with Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, German Heart Center of Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany (M.W.)
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Berlin, Germany and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung; DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (M.W.)
| | - Jennifer Wilcox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
| | - Valesha Province
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute (W.H.W.T., S.L.H.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute (M.W., J.W., V.P., Z.W., I.N., W.H.W.T., S.L.H.)
- Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute (W.H.W.T., S.L.H.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
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4
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Miao M, Li S, Yang S, Yan Q, Xiang Z, Jiang Z. Engineering the β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae for making lactose-free and no-sugar-added yogurt. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6602-6613. [PMID: 38670341 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Yogurt usually contains 5% to 7% sugar and 3% to 5% lactose. As β-galactosidases can hydrolyze lactose and improve sweetness, they have the potential to produce lactose-free (LF) and no-sugar-added (NSA) yogurt. In this study, the β-galactosidase AoBgal35A from Aspergillus oryzae was engineered by site-saturation mutagenesis. Results of 19 variants of T955 residue showed that the lactose hydrolysis rate of T955R-AoBgal35A was up to 90.7%, which is much higher than the 78.5% of the wild type. Moreover, the optimal pH of T955R-AoBgal35A was shifted from pH 4.5 to pH 5.5, and the optimal temperature decreased from 60°C to 50°C. The mutant T955R-AoBgal35A was successfully expressed in Komagataella pastoris, which produced extracellularly 4,528 U/mL of β-galactosidase activity. The mutant T955R-AoBgal35A was used to produce LF yogurt. The Streptococcus thermophilus count of LF yogurt increased from 7.9 to 9.5 log cfu/g, which is significantly higher than that of the control group (8.9 log cfu/g). The residual lactose content of LF yogurt was 0.13%, meeting the requirements of the national standard in China for the "lactose-free" label (<0.5%). Furthermore, sugar in yogurt was replaced by whey powder to produce LF-NSA yogurt. The optimal addition content of whey powder was 7.5%. The texture, water-holding capacity, and titratable acidity of LF and LF-NSA yogurt achieved good shelf life stability. Therefore, this study provides an insight for technological implications of β-galactosidases in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shusen Li
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Mengniu Hi-tech Dairy Product Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing 101100, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhixuan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of China National Light Industry and Food Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China.
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5
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Yan X, Li R, Wang X, Xu X, Li M, Zhang C, Xu H, Li L, Li Y. Trends in Non-sugar Sweeteners Use among U.S. Adults by Chronic Diseases Presence, 1999 to March 2020. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00723-8. [PMID: 39214515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although long-term health effects of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) are uncertain, they are widely used as a common alternative to added sugar, especially among people with chronic diseases. It is essential to evaluate trends in NSS use to inform policy makers. OBJECTIVE To investigate trends in NSS use overall and by chronic diseases presence in U.S. adults. METHODS The analysis used data of U.S. adults (≥20 years) collected in NHANES (1999-March 2020). Age-adjusted percentage of individuals consuming NSS beverages, NSS foods, tabletop NSS, or any of them during the first 24-h dietary recall period was calculated in each NHANES survey cycle. Weighted multivariable logistic or linear regression models were used to examine trends in NSS use over time. RESULTS A total of 51,703 U.S. adults were included in analysis. In total population, age-adjusted percentage of individuals consuming NSS in the past day increased from 29.3% in 1999-2000 to 37.5% in 2005-2006, then decreased to 24.1% in 2017-March 2020 (P < .001 for nonlinear trend). Similar trends were observed for different subcategories of NSS-containing products consumption (NSS beverages, foods, and tabletop sweeteners). Similar trends were found among individuals with or without chronic disease. Among individuals with at least one chronic disease (cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperlipemia), age-adjusted percentage of individuals consuming NSS in the past day increased from 34.5% in 1999-2000 to 41.1% in 2005-2008 then decreased to 28.1% in 2017-March 2020, while NSS consumption increased from 20.0% in 1999-2000 to 27.4% in 2005-2008, then decreased to 14.3% in 2017-March 2020 among individuals without chronic diseases (all P < .001 for nonlinear trend). CONCLUSIONS NSS use increased from 1999 to 2006, then decreased until March 2020 among entire U.S. adults and individuals with or without chronic diseases. Moreover, NSS use was generally higher among individuals with chronic diseases during study periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Nutrition, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuanyang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Department of Endodontics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Zhou R, Zhu J, Niu Y, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Zhao L. Identification of characteristic compounds of sweet orange oil and their sweetening effects on the sucrose solution with sweetness meter, sensory analysis, electronic tongue, and molecular dynamics simulation. Food Chem 2024; 461:140815. [PMID: 39146686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The characteristic aroma compounds of five-fold sweet orange oil were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with the odor aroma value (OAV) method. The results indicated that limonene, linalool, dodecanol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-citral, linalool, (E)-2-decenal, and geraniol are important contributors. The sweetening effects of key compounds on sucrose solutions were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the sweetness effects of five compounds (limonene, citronellal, geraniol, β-sinensal and β-caryophyllene) were better than those of (E)-citral, linalool and octanal. Molecular dynamics implied that the hydrogen bonding residues of the T1R2/T1R3-sucrose system were converted from LYS65, GLU302, ASP278, and SER144 to ASP278, SER144, ASP142, and ASP213 after the addition of limonene. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic interaction forces of the system are significantly enhanced. The total energy of the T1R2/T1R3-sucrose system decreased from -32.08 kcal/mol to -63.57 kcal/mol. The synergistic sweetening mechanism of characteristic aroma compounds of sweet orange oil on sucrose was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jiancai Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zuobing Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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7
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Xu B, Liu LH, Lai S, Chen J, Wu S, Lei W, Lin H, Zhang Y, Hu Y, He J, Chen X, He Q, Yang M, Wang H, Zhao X, Wang M, Luo H, Ge Q, Gao H, Xia J, Cao Z, Zhang B, Jiang A, Wu YR. Directed Evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 to Utilize Allulose as Sole Carbon Source. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301385. [PMID: 38415955 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Sugar substitutes are popular due to their akin taste and low calories. However, excessive use of aspartame and erythritol can have varying effects. While D-allulose is presently deemed a secure alternative to sugar, its excessive consumption is not devoid of cellular stress implications. In this study, the evolution of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is directed to utilize allulose as sole carbon source through a combination of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) and fluorescence-activated droplet sorting (FADS) techniques. Employing whole genome sequencing (WGS) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) in conjunction with compensatory expression displayed those genetic mutations in sugar and amino acid metabolic pathways, including glnP, glpF, gmpA, nagE, pgmB, ybaN, etc., increased allulose assimilation. Enzyme-substrate dynamics simulations and deep learning predict enhanced substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency in nagE A247E and pgmB G12R mutants. The findings evince that these mutations hold considerable promise in enhancing allulose uptake and facilitating its conversion into glycolysis, thus signifying the emergence of a novel metabolic pathway for allulose utilization. These revelations bear immense potential for the sustainable utilization of D-allulose in promoting health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Shijing Lai
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Houliang Lin
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jingtao He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xipeng Chen
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Qian He
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Haodong Luo
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
- Biology Department and Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qijun Ge
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Huamei Gao
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Yeasen Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, P. R. China
| | - Baoxun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ao Jiang
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Tidetron Bioworks Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Qianxiang Bioworks Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, P. R. China
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8
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Mooradian AD. Sugar or Sweetener? South Med J 2024; 117:513-516. [PMID: 39094805 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Human beings have a natural craving for sweets. The intensity of this craving varies with genetic and environmental factors; however, excessive use of table sugar has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including increased risk of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. As such, the World Health Organization has called for restricting sugar consumption to less than 5% of total energy intake. For those who have a "sweet tooth," implementing these guidelines is not easy. Hence, the interest in alternative sweeteners. There are eight high-intensity sweeteners that are either approved by the Food and Drug Administration or designated as generally regarded to be safe. The safety of the currently available sweeteners has been questioned. Large cohort studies have reported a positive correlation between sweetener use with weight gain and metabolic risk. A recent meta-analysis, however, concluded that using low- or no-calorie sweetener was associated with small improvements in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors without evidence of harm. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization advises against the use of nonsugar sweeteners. The biological effects of natural sweeteners such as steviol, monk fruit extract, tagatose, allulose, and sweet proteins (eg, brazzien, miraculin, thaumatin) are not well studied. Eating less sugar is a prudent thing to do, but for people with diabetes mellitus and those at risk of diabetes mellitus, diversifying the type of the sweetener and limiting the quantity may be reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshag D Mooradian
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville
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9
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Witkowski M, Nemet I, Li XS, Wilcox J, Ferrell M, Alamri H, Gupta N, Wang Z, Tang WHW, Hazen SL. Xylitol is prothrombotic and associated with cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:2439-2452. [PMID: 38842092 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathways and metabolites that contribute to residual cardiovascular disease risks are unclear. Low-calorie sweeteners are widely used sugar substitutes in processed foods with presumed health benefits. Many low-calorie sweeteners are sugar alcohols that also are produced endogenously, albeit at levels over 1000-fold lower than observed following consumption as a sugar substitute. METHODS Untargeted metabolomics studies were performed on overnight fasting plasma samples in a discovery cohort (n = 1157) of sequential stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic cardiac evaluations; subsequent stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses were performed on an independent, non-overlapping validation cohort (n = 2149). Complementary isolated human platelet, platelet-rich plasma, whole blood, and animal model studies examined the effect of xylitol on platelet responsiveness and thrombus formation in vivo. Finally, an intervention study was performed to assess the effects of xylitol consumption on platelet function in healthy volunteers (n = 10). RESULTS In initial untargeted metabolomics studies (discovery cohort), circulating levels of a polyol tentatively assigned as xylitol were associated with incident (3-year) major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk. Subsequent stable isotope dilution LC-MS/MS analyses (validation cohort) specific for xylitol (and not its structural isomers) confirmed its association with incident MACE risk [third vs. first tertile adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.57 (1.12-2.21), P < .01]. Complementary mechanistic studies showed xylitol-enhanced multiple indices of platelet reactivity and in vivo thrombosis formation at levels observed in fasting plasma. In interventional studies, consumption of a xylitol-sweetened drink markedly raised plasma levels and enhanced multiple functional measures of platelet responsiveness in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Xylitol is associated with incident MACE risk. Moreover, xylitol both enhanced platelet reactivity and thrombosis potential in vivo. Further studies examining the cardiovascular safety of xylitol are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Witkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilcox
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Marc Ferrell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hassan Alamri
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nilaksh Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Beer JH, Allemann M. Xylitol: bitter cardiovascular data for a successful sweetener. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:2453-2455. [PMID: 38842099 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juerg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thrombosis/Haemostasis Unit, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, CH-5404, Switzerland
| | - Meret Allemann
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Laboratory for Platelet Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Yeterian M, Parikh MA, Frishman WH, Peterson SJ. The Bittersweet Reality: The Cardiovascular Risk of Artificial Sweeteners. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00297. [PMID: 38980077 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are increasingly popular as alternatives to sugar. Approximately 41% of the American adult population reports regular consumption of low-calorie sweeteners. People are not even aware they are ingesting artificial sweeteners as they are now in chewing gum, toothpaste, various food products, baked goods, and even pharmaceutical products. Some of these sweeteners are sweeter than sugar, some less sweet than sugar, and some are natural sweeteners. With the goal of increasing palatability, many products have multiple additives to create the perfect taste. Despite their widespread use and perceived benefits, there is increasing concern in the academic community about the long-term safety of these artificial sweeteners and their role in increasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. There is general agreement about the cardiovascular risk of added sugars to a diet. Public health authorities have recommended limiting added sugar consumption. Replacing sugar with these artificial sweeteners has become increasingly popular, but safety remains a question. While multiple well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed for the conclusion, review of the current literature gives us pause about the cardiovascular risk and long-term safety of these additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesrob Yeterian
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Manish A Parikh
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Stephen J Peterson
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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12
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Sun T, Yang J, Lei F, Huang X, Liu W, Zhang X, Lin L, Sun L, Xie X, Zhang XJ, Cai J, She ZG, Xu C, Li H. Artificial sweeteners and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from UK Biobank. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:233. [PMID: 38965574 PMCID: PMC11225337 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial sweeteners are widely popular worldwide as substitutes for sugar or caloric sweeteners, but there are still several important unknowns and controversies regarding their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to extensively assess the association and subgroup variability between artificial sweeteners and CVD and CVD mortality in the UK Biobank cohort, and further investigate the modification effects of genetic susceptibility and the mediation role of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This study included 133,285 participants in the UK Biobank who were free of CVD and diabetes at recruitment. Artificial sweetener intake was obtained from repeated 24-hour diet recalls. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs. Genetic predisposition was estimated using the polygenic risk score (PRS). Furthermore, time-dependent mediation was performed. RESULTS In our study, artificial sweetener intake (each teaspoon increase) was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident overall CVD (HR1.012, 95%CI: 1.008,1.017), coronary artery disease (CAD) (HR: 1.018, 95%CI: 1.001,1.035), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (HR: 1.035, 95%CI: 1.010,1.061), and marginally significantly associated with heart failure (HF) risk (HR: 1.018, 95%CI: 0.999,1.038). In stratified analyses, non-whites were at greater risk of incident overall CVD from artificial sweetener. People with no obesity (BMI < 30 kg/m2) also tended to be at greater risk of incident CVD from artificial sweetener, although the obesity interaction is not significant. Meanwhile, the CVD risk associated with artificial sweeteners is independent of genetic susceptibility, and no significant interaction exists between genetic susceptibility and artificial sweeteners in terms of either additive or multiplicative effects. Furthermore, our study revealed that the relationship between artificial sweetener intake and overall CVD is significantly mediated, in large part, by prior T2DM (proportion of indirect effect: 70.0%). In specific CVD subtypes (CAD, PAD, and HF), the proportion of indirect effects ranges from 68.2 to 79.9%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest significant or marginally significant associations between artificial sweeteners and CVD and its subtypes (CAD, PAD, and HF). The associations are independent of genetic predisposition and are mediated primarily by T2DM. Therefore, the large-scale application of artificial sweeteners should be prudent, and the responses of individuals with different characteristics to artificial sweeteners should be better characterized to guide consumers' artificial sweeteners consumption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Rd, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang Lei
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Rd, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Rd, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linsu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinlan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Rd, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chengsheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhangzhidong Rd, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Ge Y, Zhang D, Xu Y, Wu J, Lao F. The effect of mango aroma in low-sugar beverage: A sensory study on odor induced sweetness enhancement. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114451. [PMID: 38823860 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Excessive intake of sugar has become a public concern. However, it is challenging for food industries to decrease sugar level without sacrificing safety and sensory profile. Odor-induced sweetness enhancement (OISE) is believed to be a novel and promising strategy for sugar reduction. In order to investigate the OISE effect of mango aroma and evaluate its degree of sugar reduction in low-sugar beverages, a mathematical model was constructed through sensory evaluation in this study. The results showed that the maximum liking of low-sugar model beverages was 4.28 % sucrose and 0.57 % mango flavor. The most synergistic of OISE was at the concentration level of 2.24 % sucrose + 0.25 % mango flavor, which was equivalent to 2.96 % pure sucrose solution. With 32.14 % sugar reduction, the mango aroma was suggested to generate the OISE effect. However, the same level of garlic aroma was not able to enhance sweetness perception, suggesting that the congruency of aroma and taste is a prerequisite for the OISE effect to occur. This study demonstrated that the cross-modal interaction of mango aroma on sweetness enhancement in low-sugar model beverages could provide practical guidance for developing sugar-reduced beverages without applying sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Ge
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Donghao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fei Lao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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14
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Faeh D. Risks and benefits of nonsugar sweeteners: conflicting evidence between observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:344-349. [PMID: 38836812 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recommendations on the use of nonsugar sweeteners are contradictory, even if they come from official sources. The aim is to review and discuss recent findings on the potential impact of nonsugar sweeteners on human health. RECENT FINDINGS While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with short duration and risk factors endpoints mostly show favourable effects on body weight and cardiometabolic parameters when nonsugar sweeteners are used to replaced sugar-sweetened products, observational studies mostly show a positive association between the consumption of nonsugar sweeteners and cardiometabolic diseases. The conflicting results may be explained by the heterogenous nature of nonsugar sweeteners but also likely is a consequence of serious weaknesses of available studies. SUMMARY For more evidence-based recommendations for practice and policy, scientifically sound studies with long follow-up are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Faeh
- Health Department, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Moon JS, Kang S, Choi JH, Lee KA, Moon JH, Chon S, Kim DJ, Kim HJ, Seo JA, Kim MK, Lim JH, Song YJ, Yang YS, Kim JH, Lee YB, Noh J, Hur KY, Park JS, Rhee SY, Kim HJ, Kim HM, Ko JH, Kim NH, Kim CH, Ahn J, Oh TJ, Kim SK, Kim J, Han E, Jin SM, Bae J, Jeon E, Kim JM, Kang SM, Park JH, Yun JS, Cha BS, Moon MK, Lee BW. 2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:546-708. [PMID: 39091005 PMCID: PMC11307112 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2024.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lim
- Department of Food Service and Nutrition Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ye Seul Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghyun Noh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Suk Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hae Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eugene Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eonju Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Yun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyong Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Masi A, Stark G, Pfnier J, Mach RL, Mach-Aigner AR. Exploration of Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:90. [PMID: 38937852 PMCID: PMC11210129 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol, a natural polyol, is a low-calorie sweetener synthesized by a number of microorganisms, such as Moniliella pollinis. Yet, a widespread use of erythritol is limited by high production costs due to the need for cultivation on glucose-rich substrates. This study explores the potential of using Trichoderma reesei as an alternative host for erythritol production, as this saprotrophic fungus can be cultivated on lignocellulosic biomass residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether such an alternative host would lead to a more sustainable and economically viable production of erythritol by identifying suitable carbon sources for erythritol biosynthesis, the main parameters influencing erythritol biosynthesis and evaluating the feasibility of scaling up the defined process. RESULTS Our investigation revealed that T. reesei can synthesize erythritol from glucose but not from other carbon sources like xylose and lactose. T. reesei is able to consume erythritol, but it does not in the presence of glucose. Among nitrogen sources, urea and yeast extract were more effective than ammonium and nitrate. A significant impact on erythritol synthesis was observed with variations in pH and temperature. Despite successful shake flask experiments, the transition to bioreactors faced challenges, indicating a need for further scale-up optimization. CONCLUSIONS While T. reesei shows potential for erythritol production, reaching a maximum concentration of 1 g/L over an extended period, its productivity could be improved by optimizing the parameters that affect erythritol production. In any case, this research contributes valuable insights into the polyol metabolism of T. reesei, offering potential implications for future research on glycerol or mannitol production. Moreover, it suggests a potential metabolic association between erythritol production and glycolysis over the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Masi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stark
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Pfnier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid R Mach-Aigner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Expression of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Unit of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorfer Str. 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Li X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Gao J, Su Q, Ma J, Qin L. Maternal Serum Polyols and Its Link to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1858-1865. [PMID: 38189482 PMCID: PMC11180503 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sugar alcohols (also called polyols) are regarded as a "healthy" sugar substitute. One of the possible reasons for their safe use in pregnant women is their natural origin and the presence of polyols in maternal and fetal samples during normal human gestation. But little is known about the association between circulating sugar alcohols levels and maternal metabolic disorders during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to detect the concentration of the polyols in participants with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to investigate the association between maternal serum levels of polyols and GDM, as well as newborn outcomes. METHODS A nested population-based case-control study was conducted in 109 women with and without GDM. Maternal concentrations of serum erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol in the fasting state were quantified using a time of flight mass spectrometry system. RESULT In women with GDM, serum concentrations of erythritol and sorbitol were higher, but serum concentrations of xylitol were lower than those in women without GDM. Per 1-SD increment of Box-Cox-transformed concentrations of erythritol and sorbitol were associated with the increased odds of GDM by 43% and 155% (95% CI 1.07-1.92 and 95% CI 1.77-3.69), while decreased odds were found for xylitol by 25% (95% CI 0.57-1.00). Additionally, per 1-SD increase of Box-Cox-transformed concentrations of serum sorbitol was associated with a 52% increased odds of large for gestational age newborns controlling for possible confounders (95% CI 1.00-2.30). CONCLUSION Maternal circulating sugar alcohols levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with GDM. These findings provide the potential roles of polyols on maternal metabolic health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yicheng Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Health & Medicine Sciences (Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital), Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pujiang Community Health Service Center, Minhang District, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Health & Medicine Sciences (Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital), Shanghai 202150, China
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18
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Kim DH, Kwon EJ, Park KG, Jin J, Byun JK. Acesulfame potassium upregulates PD-L1 in HCC cells by attenuating autophagic degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149921. [PMID: 38603831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners, which contain no or few calories, have been widely used in various foods and beverages, and are regarded as safe alternatives to sugar by the Food and Drug Administration. While several studies suggest that artificial sweeteners are not related to cancer development, some research has reported their potential association with the risk of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated whether acesulfame potassium (Ace K), a commonly used artificial sweetener, induces immune evasion of HCC cells by upregulating programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). Ace K elevated the protein levels of PD-L1 in HCC cells without increasing its mRNA levels. The upregulation of PD-L1 protein levels in HCC cells by Ace K was induced by attenuated autophagic degradation of PD-L1, which was mediated by the Ace K-stimulated ERK1/2-mTORC1 signaling pathway. Ace K-induced upregulation of PD-L1 attenuated T cell-mediated death of HCC cells, thereby promoting immune evasion of HCC cells. In summary, the present study suggests that Ace K promotes HCC progression by upregulating the PD-L1 protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jun Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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19
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Mancuso G, Violi F, Nocella C. Food contamination and cardiovascular disease: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03610-x. [PMID: 38743129 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among non-communicable diseases worldwide. Evidence shows that a healthy dietary pattern positively influences many risk factors of cardiometabolic health, stroke, and heart disease, supported by the effectiveness of healthy diet and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. High quality and safety of foods are prerequisites to ensuring food security and beneficial effects. Contaminants can be present in foods mainly because of contamination from environmental sources (water, air, or soil pollution), or artificially introduced by the human. Moreover, the cross-contamination or formation during food processing, food packaging, presence or contamination by natural toxins, or use of unapproved food additives and adulterants. Numerous studies reported the association between food contaminants and cardiovascular risk by demonstrating that (1) the cross-contamination or artificial sweeteners, additives, and adulterants in food processing can be the cause of the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events and (2) environmental factors, such as heavy metals and chemical products can be also significant contributors to food contamination with a negative impact on cardiovascular systems. Furthermore, oxidative stress can be a common mechanism that mediates food contamination-associated CVDs as substantiated by studies showing impaired oxidative stress biomarkers after exposure to food contaminants.This narrative review summarizes the data suggesting how food contaminants may elicit artery injury and proposing oxidative stress as a mediator of cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Mancuso
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Lamezia Terme Hospital, 88046, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Egan JM. Physiological Integration of Taste and Metabolism. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1699-1710. [PMID: 38718360 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2304578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Egan
- From the Diabetes Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore
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21
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Hang D, Du M, Wang L, Wang K, Fang Z, Khandpur N, Rossato SL, Steele EM, Chan AT, Hu FB, Meyerhardt JA, Mozaffarian D, Ogino S, Sun Q, Wong JB, Zhang FF, Song M. Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality among patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 71:102572. [PMID: 38572081 PMCID: PMC10990709 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are emerging as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet how post-diagnostic UPF intake may impact CRC prognosis remains unexplored. Methods Data collected from food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate intakes of total UPFs and UPF subgroups (serving/d) at least 6 months but less than 4 years post-diagnosis among 2498 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study during 1980-2016. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause, CRC- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality in association with UPF consumption were estimated using an inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for confounders. Findings The mean (SD) age of patients at diagnosis was 68.5 (9.4) years. A total of 1661 deaths were documented, including 321 from CRC and 335 from CVD. Compared to those in the lowest quintile (median = 3.6 servings/d), patients in the highest quintile (median = 10 servings/d) of post-diagnostic UPF intake had higher CVD mortality (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13-2.40) but not CRC or all-cause mortality. Among UPF subgroups, higher consumption of fats/condiments/sauces was associated with a higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.41-2.73), and higher intake of ice cream/sherbet was associated with an increased risk of CRC-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile, HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.33-2.61). No statistically significant association was found between UPF subgroups and overall mortality. Interpretation Higher post-diagnostic intake of total UPFs and fats/condiments/sauces in CRC survivors is associated with higher CVD mortality, and higher ice cream/sherbet intake is linked to higher CRC mortality. Funding US National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengxi Du
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sinara Laurini Rossato
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Geography, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eurídice Martínez Steele
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition (NUPENS), Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts School of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Institute of Science Tokyo), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B. Wong
- Division of Clinical Decision Making, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Pan H, Feng C, Zhou Z, Huang J, Deng J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Mu X, Wang Q, Wang K, Lu Z. The causal association between artificial sweeteners and the risk of cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Food Funct 2024; 15:4527-4537. [PMID: 38576413 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners (ASs) have been widely added to food and beverages because of their properties of low calories and sweet taste. However, whether the consumption of ASs is causally associated with cancer risk is not clear. Here, we utilized the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to study the potential causal association. Genetic variants like single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposure (AS consumption) were extracted from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) database including 64 949 Europeans and the influence of confounding was removed. The outcome was from 98 GWAS data and included several types of cancers like lung cancer, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, and so on. The exposure-outcome SNPs were harmonized and then MR analysis was performed. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) with random effects was used as the main analytical method accompanied by four complementary methods: MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analyses consisted of heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analysis. Our results demonstrated that ASs added to coffee had a positive association with high-grade and low-grade serous ovarian cancer; ASs added to tea had a positive association with oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers, but a negative association with malignant neoplasm of the bronchus and lungs. No other cancers had a genetic causal association with AS consumption. Our MR study revealed that AS consumption had no genetic causal association with major cancers. Larger MR studies or RCTs are needed to investigate small effects and support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ziting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiasi Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinru Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of International Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center ofTraditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Fan H, Wang Y, Han M, Wang L, Li X, Kuang X, Du J, Peng F. Multi-omics-based investigation of Bifidobacterium's inhibitory effect on glioma: regulation of tumor and gut microbiota, and MEK/ERK cascade. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344284. [PMID: 38699473 PMCID: PMC11064926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system, is characterized by a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. The interplay between microbes, such as gut and tumor microbiota, and the host has underscored the significant impact of microorganisms on disease progression. Bifidobacterium, a beneficial bacterial strain found in the human and animal intestines, exhibits inhibitory effects against various diseases. However, the existing body of evidence pertaining to the influence of Bifidobacterium on glioma remains insufficient. Here, we found that Bifidobacterium reduces tumor volume and prolongs survival time in an orthotopic mouse model of glioma. Experiments elucidated that Bifidobacterium suppresses the MEK/ERK cascade. Additionally, we noted an increase in the α-diversity of the tumor microbiota, along with an augmented relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota. This rise in Bifidobacterium levels within the intestine may be attributed to a concurrent increase in Bifidobacterium within the glioma. Additionally, Bifidobacterium induced alterations in serum metabolites, particularly those comprised of organonitrogen compounds. Thus, our findings showed that Bifidobacterium can suppress glioma growth by inhibiting the MEK/ERK cascade and regulating tumor, and gut microbiota, and serum metabolites in mice, indicating the promising therapeutic prospects of Bifidobacterium against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Jiangsu Sanshu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junrong Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Lu R, Lin W, Jin Q, Wang D, Zhang C, Wang H, Chen T, Gao J, Wang X. Plasma Metabolic Profiling and Multiclass Diagnostic Model Development for Stable Angina Pectoris and Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16322-16333. [PMID: 38617635 PMCID: PMC11007838 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease remains a major global health challenge, with a clear need for enhanced early risk assessment. This study aimed to elucidate metabolic signatures across various stages of coronary heart disease and develop an effective multiclass diagnostic model. Using metabolomic approaches, gas chromatography-mass and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze plasma samples from healthy controls, patients with stable angina pectoris, and those with acute myocardial infarction. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on metabolites exhibiting significant differences. The key metabolites were identified using Random Forest and Recursive Feature Elimination strategies to construct a multiclass diagnostic model. The performance of the model was validated through 10-fold cross-validation and evaluated using confusion matrices, receiver operating characteristic curves, and calibration curves. Metabolomics was used to identify 1491 metabolites, with 216, 567, and 295 distinctly present among the healthy controls, patients with stable angina pectoris, and those with acute myocardial infarction, respectively. This implicated pathways such as the glucagon signaling pathway, d-amino acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and amoebiasis across various stages of coronary heart disease. After selection, testosterone isobutyrate, N-acetyl-tryptophan, d-fructose, l-glutamic acid, erythritol, and gluconic acid were identified as core metabolites in the multiclass diagnostic model. Evaluating the diagnostic model demonstrated its high discriminative ability and accuracy. This study revealed metabolic pathway perturbations at different stages of coronary heart disease, and a precise multiclass diagnostic model was established based on these findings. This study provides new insights and tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Lu
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenyong Lin
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qipeng Jin
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongyuan Wang
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiejun Chen
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Branch
of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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25
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Borodina I, Neuvéglise C, Mirończuk AM. Transcriptome analysis reveals multiple targets of erythritol-related transcription factor EUF1 in unconventional yeast Yarrowia Lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:77. [PMID: 38475794 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythritol is a four-carbon polyol with an unclear role in metabolism of some unconventional yeasts. Its production has been linked to the osmotic stress response, but the mechanism of stress protection remains unclear. Additionally, erythritol can be used as a carbon source. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, its assimilation is activated by the transcription factor Euf1. The study investigates whether this factor can link erythritol to other processes in the cell. RESULTS The research was performed on two closely related strains of Y. lipolytica: MK1 and K1, where strain K1 has no functional Euf1. Cultures were carried out in erythritol-containing and erythritol-free media. Transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of Euf1 on the regulation of more than 150 genes. Some of these could be easily connected with different aspects of erythritol assimilation, such as: utilization pathway, a new potential isoform of transketolase, or polyol transporters. However, many of the upregulated genes have never been linked to metabolism of erythritol. The most prominent examples are the degradation pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the glyoxylate cycle. The high transcription of genes affected by Euf1 is still dependent on the erythritol concentration in the medium. Moreover, almost all up-regulated genes have an ATGCA motif in the promoter sequence. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be particularly relevant given the increasing use of erythritol-induced promoters in genetic engineering of Y. lipolytica. Moreover, use of this yeast in biotechnological processes often takes place under osmotic stress conditions. Erythritol might be produce as a by-product, thus better understanding of its influence on cell metabolism could facilitate processes optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences (LIFE), Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - I Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Neuvéglise
- INRAE, Institut Agro, SPO, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Koeth RA, Smith JD, Chung MK. Artificial Sweeteners: A New Dietary Environmental Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation? Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012761. [PMID: 38440869 PMCID: PMC10958529 DOI: 10.1161/circep.124.012761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Koeth
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences (R.A.K., J.D.S., M.K.C.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health (R.A.K.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (R.A.K., M.K.C.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences (R.A.K., J.D.S., M.K.C.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences (R.A.K., J.D.S., M.K.C.), Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (R.A.K., M.K.C.)
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Jiang C, Sun Y, Li G, Zhou T, Wang Q, Zhang J, Song Y, Xu W, A L. Magnetic Hydroxyapatite-Coated Iron-Chromium Microspheres for Dental Surface Polishing and Plaque Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5554-5567. [PMID: 38278767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to engineer magnetic hydroxyapatite-coated iron-chromium (HAp-FeCr) microspheres to enhance dental surface polishing and plaque elimination. Utilizing a tailored sol-gel approach, the HAp-FeCr microspheres were synthesized and exhaustively characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ζ-potential, X-ray diffractometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methodologies. Key findings showcased that these microspheres retained their magnetic properties post-HAp coating, as evidenced by the magnetization curves. An innovative magnetic polishing system was developed, incorporating these microspheres and a 2000 rpm magnet. Comparative evaluations between traditional air-powder polishing and the proposed magnetic technique demonstrated the latter's superiority. Notably, the magnetic polishing led to a substantial reduction in dental plaque on the tooth surface, decreasing bacterial adhesion and early biofilm formation by Streptococcus gordonii and Lactobacillus acidophilus, where the most pronounced effects were observed in samples with elevated HAp content. A significant 60% reduction in dental plaque was achieved with the magnetic method relative to air-powder polishing. Furthermore, the HAp-FeCr microspheres' biocompatibility was verified through cytotoxicity tests and animal studies. In essence, the magnetic HAp-FeCr microspheres present a novel and efficient strategy for dental treatments, holding immense potential for improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Gaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yulai Song
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenzhou Xu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lan A
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun 130021, China
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Khafagy R, Paterson AD, Dash S. Erythritol as a Potential Causal Contributor to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Diabetes 2024; 73:325-331. [PMID: 37939167 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes frequently use low-calorie sweeteners to manage glycemia and reduce caloric intake. Use of erythritol, a low-calorie sweetener, has increased recently. Higher circulating concentration associates with major cardiac events and metabolic disease in observational data, prompting some concern. As observational data may be prone to confounding and reverse causality, we undertook bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential causal associations between erythritol and coronary artery disease (CAD), BMI, waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and glycemic and renal traits in cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were undertaken using instruments comprising genome-wide significant variants from three cohorts with erythritol measurement. Across instruments, we did not find supportive evidence that increased erythritol increases CAD (b = -0.033 ± 0.02, P = 0.14; b = 0.46 ± 0.37, P = 0.23). MR indicates erythritol may decrease BMI (b = -0.04 ± 0.018, P = 0.03; b = -0.04 ± 0.0085, P = 1.23 × 10-5; b = -0.083 ± 0.092, P = 0.036), with potential evidence from one instrument of increased BMI adjusted for WHR (b = 0.046 ± 0.022, P = 0.035). No evidence of causal association was found with other traits. In conclusion, we did not find supportive evidence from MR that erythritol increases cardiometabolic disease. These findings await confirmation in well-designed prospective studies. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Khafagy
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Ferrell M, Wang Z, Anderson JT, Li XS, Witkowski M, DiDonato JA, Hilser JR, Hartiala JA, Haghikia A, Cajka T, Fiehn O, Sangwan N, Demuth I, König M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Landmesser U, Tang WHW, Allayee H, Hazen SL. A terminal metabolite of niacin promotes vascular inflammation and contributes to cardiovascular disease risk. Nat Med 2024; 30:424-434. [PMID: 38374343 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite intensive preventive cardiovascular disease (CVD) efforts, substantial residual CVD risk remains even for individuals receiving all guideline-recommended interventions. Niacin is an essential micronutrient fortified in food staples, but its role in CVD is not well understood. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analysis of fasting plasma from stable cardiac patients in a prospective discovery cohort (n = 1,162 total, n = 422 females) suggested that niacin metabolism was associated with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Serum levels of the terminal metabolites of excess niacin, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2PY) and N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4PY), were associated with increased 3-year MACE risk in two validation cohorts (US n = 2,331 total, n = 774 females; European n = 832 total, n = 249 females) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) for 2PY: 1.64 (1.10-2.42) and 2.02 (1.29-3.18), respectively; for 4PY: 1.89 (1.26-2.84) and 1.99 (1.26-3.14), respectively). Phenome-wide association analysis of the genetic variant rs10496731, which was significantly associated with both 2PY and 4PY levels, revealed an association of this variant with levels of soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1). Further meta-analysis confirmed association of rs10496731 with sVCAM-1 (n = 106,000 total, n = 53,075 females, P = 3.6 × 10-18). Moreover, sVCAM-1 levels were significantly correlated with both 2PY and 4PY in a validation cohort (n = 974 total, n = 333 females) (2PY: rho = 0.13, P = 7.7 × 10-5; 4PY: rho = 0.18, P = 1.1 × 10-8). Lastly, treatment with physiological levels of 4PY, but not its structural isomer 2PY, induced expression of VCAM-1 and leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium in mice. Collectively, these results indicate that the terminal breakdown products of excess niacin, 2PY and 4PY, are both associated with residual CVD risk. They also suggest an inflammation-dependent mechanism underlying the clinical association between 4PY and MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ferrell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James T Anderson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James R Hilser
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaana A Hartiala
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian König
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center at Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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30
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Semnani-Azad Z, Toledo E, Babio N, Ruiz-Canela M, Wittenbecher C, Razquin C, Wang F, Dennis C, Deik A, Clish CB, Corella D, Fitó M, Estruch R, Arós F, Ros E, García-Gavilan J, Liang L, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Guasch-Ferré M. Plasma metabolite predictors of metabolic syndrome incidence and reversion. Metabolism 2024; 151:155742. [PMID: 38007148 PMCID: PMC10872312 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a progressive pathophysiological state defined by a cluster of cardiometabolic traits. However, little is known about metabolites that may be predictors of MetS incidence or reversion. Our objective was to identify plasma metabolites associated with MetS incidence or MetS reversion. METHODS The study included 1468 participants without cardiovascular disease (CVD) but at high CVD risk at enrollment from two case-cohort studies nested within the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study with baseline metabolomics data. MetS was defined in accordance with the harmonized International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, which include meeting 3 or more thresholds for waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. MetS incidence was defined by not having MetS at baseline but meeting the MetS criteria at a follow-up visit. MetS reversion was defined by MetS at baseline but not meeting MetS criteria at a follow-up visit. Plasma metabolome was profiled by LC-MS. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models and elastic net regularized regressions were used to assess the association of 385 annotated metabolites with MetS incidence and MetS reversion after adjusting for potential risk factors. RESULTS Of the 603 participants without baseline MetS, 298 developed MetS over the median 4.8-year follow-up. Of the 865 participants with baseline MetS, 285 experienced MetS reversion. A total of 103 and 88 individual metabolites were associated with MetS incidence and MetS reversion, respectively, after adjusting for confounders and false discovery rate correction. A metabolomic signature comprised of 77 metabolites was robustly associated with MetS incidence (HR: 1.56 (95 % CI: 1.33-1.83)), and a metabolomic signature of 83 metabolites associated with MetS reversion (HR: 1.44 (95 % CI: 1.25-1.67)), both p < 0.001. The MetS incidence and reversion signatures included several lipids (mainly glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids) and branched-chain amino acids. CONCLUSION We identified unique metabolomic signatures, primarily comprised of lipids (including glycolipids and glycerophospholipids) and branched-chain amino acids robustly associated with MetS incidence; and several amino acids and glycerophospholipids associated with MetS reversion. These signatures provide novel insights on potential distinct mechanisms underlying the conditions leading to the incidence or reversion of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Division of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Amy Deik
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Grup de Risc Cardiovascular i Nutrició, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Arós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesús García-Gavilan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain.
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mahajan P, Fiehn O, Barupal D. IDSL.GOA: Gene Ontology Analysis for Interpreting Metabolomic datasets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.25.534225. [PMID: 37034715 PMCID: PMC10081191 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.534225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological interpretation of metabolomic datasets often ends at a pathway analysis step to find the over-represented metabolic pathways in the list of statistically significant metabolites. However, definitions of biochemical pathways and metabolite coverage vary among different curated databases, leading to missed interpretations. For the lists of genes, transcripts and proteins, Gene Ontology (GO) terms over-presentation analysis has become a standardized approach for biological interpretation. But, GO analysis has not been achieved for metabolomic datasets. We present a new knowledgebase (KB) and the online tool, Gene Ontology Analysis by the Integrated Data Science Laboratory for Metabolomics and Exposomics (IDSL.GOA) to conduct GO over-representation analysis for a metabolite list. The IDSL.GOA KB covers 2,393 metabolic GO terms and associated 3,144 genes, 1,492 EC annotations, and 2,621 metabolites. IDSL.GOA analysis of a case study of older vs young female brain cortex metabolome highlighted 82 GO terms being significantly overrepresented (FDR <0.05). We showed how IDSL.GOA identified key and relevant GO metabolic processes that were not yet covered in other pathway databases. Overall, we suggest that interpretation of metabolite lists should not be limited to only pathway maps and can also leverage GO terms as well. IDSL.GOA provides a useful tool for this purpose, allowing for a more comprehensive and accurate analysis of metabolite pathway data. IDSL.GOA tool can be accessed at https://goa.idsl.me/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mahajan
- Integrated Data Science Laboratory for Metabolomics and Exposomics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA 10954
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Integrated Data Science Laboratory for Metabolomics and Exposomics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA 10954
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ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Beverly EA, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Darville A, Ekhlaspour L, Hassanein M, Hilliard ME, Johnson EL, Khunti K, Lingvay I, Matfin G, McCoy RG, Perry ML, Pilla SJ, Polsky S, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Segal AR, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:S77-S110. [PMID: 38078584 PMCID: PMC10725816 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-s005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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Kotańska M, Wojtaszek K, Kubacka M, Bednarski M, Nicosia N, Wojnicki M. The Influence of Caramel Carbon Quantum Dots and Caramel on Platelet Aggregation, Protein Glycation and Lipid Peroxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:13. [PMID: 38275633 PMCID: PMC10812612 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Caramel, defined as a coloring agent and as an antioxidant, is used in several kinds of food products and is consumed by many people in different amounts. In our research we showed that the caramelization of sucrose under special conditions leads to the formation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). So, it makes sense that humans also consume this type of CQDs, and it is theoretically possible for these particles to affect the body. Despite an increasing number of studies describing different types of CQDs, their biosafety is still not clearly understood. In our in vitro research, we examined the effects on platelet aggregation, protein glycation and lipid peroxidation of CQDs and caramel formed from a 20% sucrose solution. In vitro aggregation tests were conducted using freshly collected whole rat blood in a multiplate platelet function analyzer and measurer of electric impedance. The cytotoxic effect of the tested solutions on blood platelets was evaluated based on the release of lactate dehydrogenase. The formation of glycated bovine serum albumin was measured as fluorescence intensity and fructosamine level. The reducing power of the solutions was determined in adipose tissue, and their effect on lipid peroxidation in adipose tissue in vitro was also assessed. By measuring the intensity of hemolysis after incubation in solutions with red blood cell, we assessed their influence on the integration of the red blood cell membrane. All tests were performed in comparison with glucose and fructose and other frequently used sweeteners, such as erythritol and xylitol. Our study showed that caramel and CQDs formed from caramel may influence the glycation process and integrity of the red blood cell membrane, but unlike glucose and fructose, they decrease lipid peroxidation and may reduce Fe (III). Additionally, it is unlikely that they affect platelet aggregation. Compared to glucose and fructose, they may be safer for patients with metabolic disorders; however, further research is needed on the safety and biological activity of caramel and CQD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Konrad Wojtaszek
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marek Wojnicki
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Degen G, Engel K, Fowler PJ, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wright M, Batke M, Boon P, Bruzell E, Chipman J, Crebelli R, FitzGerald R, Fortes C, Halldorsson T, LeBlanc J, Lindtner O, Mortensen A, Ntzani E, Wallace H, Barmaz S, Civitella C, D'Angelo L, Lodi F, Laganaro M, Rincon AM, Smeraldi C, Tard A. Re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8430. [PMID: 38125972 PMCID: PMC10731997 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion addresses the re-evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as food additive and an application for its exemption from the laxative warning label requirement as established under Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. Erythritol is a polyol obtained by fermentation with Moniliella pollinis BC or Moniliella megachiliensis KW3-6, followed by purifications and drying. Erythritol is readily and dose-dependently absorbed in humans and can be metabolised to erythronate to a small extent. Erythritol is then excreted unchanged in the urine. It does not raise concerns regarding genotoxicity. The dataset evaluated consisted of human interventional studies. The Panel considered that erythritol has the potential to cause diarrhoea in humans, which was considered adverse because its potential association with electrolyte and water imbalance. The lower bound of the range of no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for diarrhoea of 0.5 g/kg body weight (bw) was identified as reference point. The Panel considered appropriate to set a numerical acceptable daily intake (ADI) at the level of the reference point. An ADI of 0.5 g/kg bw per day was considered by the Panel to be protective for the immediate laxative effect as well as potential chronic effects, secondary to diarrhoea. The highest mean and 95th percentile chronic exposure was in children (742 mg/kg bw per day) and adolescents (1532 mg/kg bw per day). Acute exposure was maximally 3531 mg/kg bw per meal for children at the 99th percentile. Overall, the Panel considered both dietary exposure assessments an overestimation. The Panel concluded that the exposure estimates for both acute and chronic dietary exposure to erythritol (E 968) were above the ADI, indicating that individuals with high intake may be at risk of experiencing adverse effects after single and repeated exposure. Concerning the new application, the Panel concluded that the available data do not support the proposal for exemption.
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Bordier V, Teysseire F, Drewe J, Madörin P, Bieri O, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Hanssen H, Beglinger C, Meyer-Gerspach AC, Wölnerhanssen BK. Effects of a 5-week intake of erythritol and xylitol on vascular function, abdominal fat and glucose tolerance in humans with obesity: a pilot trial. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:264-272. [PMID: 38618550 PMCID: PMC11009538 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies in humans and rats suggest that erythritol might positively affect vascular function, xylitol decrease visceral fat mass and both substances improve glycaemic control. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a 5-week intake of erythritol and xylitol on vascular function, abdominal fat and blood lipids, glucose tolerance, uric acid, hepatic enzymes, creatinine, gastrointestinal tolerance and dietary patterns in humans with obesity. Methods Forty-two participants were randomised to consume either 36 g erythritol, 24 g xylitol, or no substance daily for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, arteriolar-to-venular diameter ratio), abdominal fat (liver volume, liver fat percentage, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood lipids), glucose tolerance (glucose and insulin concentrations), uric acid, hepatic enzymes, creatinine, gastrointestinal tolerance and dietary patterns were assessed. Data were analysed by linear mixed effect model. Results The 5-week intake of erythritol and xylitol showed no statistically significant effect on vascular function. Neither the time nor the treatment effects were significantly different for pulse wave velocity (time effect: p=0.079, Cohen's D (95% CI) -0.14 (-0.54-0.25); treatment effect: p=0.792, Cohen's D (95% CI) control versus xylitol: -0.11 (-0.61-0.35), control versus erythritol: 0.05 (0.44-0.54), erythritol versus xylitol: 0.07 (-0.41-0.54)). There was no statistically significant effect on abdominal fat, glucose tolerance, uric acid, hepatic enzymes and creatinine. Gastrointestinal tolerance was good except for a few diarrhoea-related symptoms. Participants of all groups reduced their consumption of sweetened beverages and sweets compared with preintervention. Conclusions The 5-week intake of erythritol and xylitol showed no statistically significant effects on vascular function, abdominal fat, or glucose tolerance in people with obesity. Clinical trial registration NCT02821923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Bordier
- Metabolic Research Group, St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Teysseire
- Metabolic Research Group, St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Drewe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Madörin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bieri
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Henner Hanssen
- Department for Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Beglinger
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach
- Metabolic Research Group, St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina K Wölnerhanssen
- Metabolic Research Group, St. Clara Research Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Dan L, Fu T, Sun Y, Ruan X, Lu S, Chen J, Wang X. Associations of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in a prospective cohort study. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231207305. [PMID: 37954536 PMCID: PMC10637157 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231207305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Beverage consumption was found to be associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, it is unclear whether this association still exists in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objectives To investigate the associations of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and natural juices with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with IBD. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods We included 1981 participants with IBD in the UK Biobank. Consumption of beverages was measured using a validated 24-h diet recall. Outcomes of interest were overall cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.1 (1.7) years, we documented 205 cardiovascular events and 133 deaths. Compared to non-consumers, those consuming sugar-sweetened beverages more than 1 unit/day (reported in glasses/cans/250 ml/cartons) were associated with 64% (95% CI: 5-155, p = 0.030) and 97% (95% CI: 16-233, p = 0.012) increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, respectively. We also observed a 78% (95% CI: 3-205, p = 0.038) increased risk of cardiovascular disease in participants who consumed artificially sweetened beverages more than 1 unit/day when compared with non-consumers. We did not observe significant associations between natural juice consumption and the two outcomes in IBD. Conclusion Higher sugar- and artificially sweetened beverage consumption were associated with adverse cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in IBD. These exploratory results were consistent with the evidence in the general population and highlighted the importance of diet management in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Dan
- Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixian Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Jiang Y, Yin H, Wang H, Tao T, Zhang Y. Erythritol aggravates gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by acute dextran sulfate sodium administration in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1354-1363. [PMID: 37604788 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Erythritol is a widely used sugar substitute in food and beverages with beneficial and detrimental roles in obesity and cardiovascular diseases, respectively; however, its influence on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and related behavioral disorders is not well understood. Here, we found that erythritol exacerbated gut inflammation by promoting macrophage infiltration and inducing M1 macrophage polarization, thus increasing gut leakage during colitis triggered by acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Increased gut permeability can cause neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders. In conclusion, our results revealed a negative role for erythritol in gut inflammation and anxiety-like behavioral disorders induced by erythritol administration in a mouse model of acute colitis, suggesting that erythritol intake control may be necessary for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hailing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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38
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Heianza Y, Qi L, Manson JE. Is the Nonnutritive Sweetener Erythritol or Its Circulating Metabolite a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events? Clin Chem 2023; 69:1098-1100. [PMID: 37473406 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Kränkel N, Rauch-Kroehnert U. Artificial sweetener sucralose: a possible modulator of autoimmune diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:377. [PMID: 37779177 PMCID: PMC10543406 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Kränkel
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), 12203, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Friede Springer-Centre of Cardiovascular Prevention @ Charité, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Rauch-Kroehnert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin-Franklin (CBF), 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Friede Springer-Centre of Cardiovascular Prevention @ Charité, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Wang L, Pan XF, Munro HM, Shrubsole MJ, Yu D. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1866-1874. [PMID: 37625316 PMCID: PMC10528155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been linked with higher risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, as well as all-cause mortality. However, studies on UPF and cause-specific mortality remain limited, especially among disadvantaged populations. We aimed to examine associations of UPF intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among low-income Americans. METHODS In the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), a prospective cohort of mostly low-income Black and White Americans, we included 77,060 participants who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (2002-2009) and had at least 1 year follow-up. All 89 items in the FFQ were categorized using the Nova classification. UPF intake was calculated as % of daily foods intake by weight (grams). Cox regression was used to estimate HR (95% CI) for the association of UPF intake (quartile or per 10% increase) with total and cause-specific mortality (cancer, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and diabetes) after adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyles, and disease history. RESULTS Of 77,060 participants, 46,175 (59.9%) were women, 49,857 were Black (64.7%), and mean age was 52.4 (SD: 8.8) years at baseline. The mean intake of UPF was 41.0% (SD: 15.7%). UPF intake was inversely associated with Healthy Eating Index and intakes of fiber, minerals, and vitamins but positively associated with intakes of sugars and fats (all PFDR<0.0001). During an average follow-up of 12.2 years, we documented 17,895 total deaths, including 4267 from cancer, 2208 from CHD, 867 from stroke, and 997 from diabetes. In the fully adjusted model, higher UPF intake was not associated with all-cause, cancer, CHD, or stroke mortality but showed a significant association with increased diabetes mortality (HR [95% CI] = 1.32 [1.07, 1.62] for the highest versus lowest quartiles [>51.1% vs. <29.3%] and 1.09 [1.04, 1.15] per 10% increase). The adverse UPF-diabetes mortality association was noted regardless of sex, race, income, neighborhood deprivation, lifestyles, and cardiometabolic disease history, while particularly evident in participants with no more than high school education or a history of hypercholesterolemia (HR [95% CI] per 10% increase = 1.12 [1.05, 1.18] and 1.14 [1.07, 1.22], respectively; both Pinteraction<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among predominantly low-income Black and White American adults, UPF intake was associated with increased diabetes mortality, especially for individuals with limited education or hypercholesterolemia. Our findings suggest the potential impact of increasing access and intake of un/minimally processed food to replace UPF on reducing diabetes-related mortality among populations facing socioeconomic and health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Heather M Munro
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Martha J Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA; International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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Jariyasopit N, Khoomrung S. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of gut microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4777-4789. [PMID: 37841334 PMCID: PMC10570628 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules derived from gut microbiota have been increasingly investigated to better understand the functional roles of the human gut microbiome. Microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids (AAA) have been linked to many diseases, such as metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer. Important microbial AAA metabolites are often discovered via global metabolite profiling of biological specimens collected from humans or animal models. Subsequent metabolite identity confirmation and absolute quantification using targeted analysis enable comparisons across different studies, which can lead to the establishment of threshold concentrations of potential metabolite biomarkers. Owing to their excellent selectivity and sensitivity, hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are often employed to identify and quantify AAA metabolites in various biological matrices. Here, we summarize the developments over the past five years in MS-based methodology for analyzing gut microbiota-derived AAA. Sample preparation, method validation, analytical performance, and statistical methods for correlation analysis are discussed, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Jariyasopit
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Zhuang Y, Yin J, Han F, You J, Ding Y, Wang Z. Impact of Replacing Soft Drinks with Dairy Products on Micronutrient Intakes of Chinese Preschool Children: A Simulation Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4071. [PMID: 37764854 PMCID: PMC10537854 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, energy surplus and micronutrient deficiency coexist in preschool children in China. The low intake of dairy products accompanied by an increased consumption of soft drinks in this age group reveals some of the reasons for this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of key micronutrients in preschool children by quantifying the dietary nutritional gap before and after simulating the use of dairy products instead of equal amounts of soft drinks. In the cross-sectional dietary intake survey of infants and young children in China (2018-2019), 676 preschool children aged 3-6 years were randomly selected. Four days of dietary data were collected through an online diary for simulation. The individual intake of soft drinks was substituted at a corresponding volume by soymilk, cow's milk, or formulated milk powder for preschool children (FMP-PSC). In these three models, the simulated nutrient intake and nutrient inadequacy or surplus were compared with the actual baseline data of the survey. The results of this study indicated that all three models made the nutrient intakes of this group more in line with the recommendations. For the whole population, the replacement of soymilk improved the intake of zinc (from 4.80 to 4.85 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 836.82 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 213.92 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), and vitamin B9 (from 115.94 to 122.79 μg dietary folate equivalent/d); the simulation of cow's milk improved the intake of calcium (from 311.82 to 330.85 mg/d), zinc (from 4.80 to 4.87 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 833.62 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 215.12 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), vitamin B2 (from 0.53 to 0.54 mg/d), and vitamin B12 (from 1.63 to 1.67 μg/d); and the substitution of FMP-PSC improved the intake of calcium (from 311.82 to 332.32 mg/d), iron (from 9.91 to 9.36 mg/d), zinc (from 4.80 to 4.96 mg/d), potassium (from 824.26 to 828.71 mg/d), vitamin A (from 211.57 to 217.93 μg retinol activity equivalent/d), vitamin B2 (from 0.53 to 0.54 mg/d), vitamin B9 (from 115.94 to 118.80 μg RA dietary folate equivalent/d), and vitamin B12 (from 1.63 to 1.70 μg/d). Therefore, correct nutritional information should be provided to parents and preschool children. In addition to changing the consumption behavior of soft drinks, it is also necessary to have a diversified and balanced diet. When necessary, the use of food ingredients or nutritional fortifiers can be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhuang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fei Han
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai 201204, China; (F.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jialu You
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai 201204, China; (F.H.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ye Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhixu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.)
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Mazi TA, Stanhope KL. Elevated Erythritol: A Marker of Metabolic Dysregulation or Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Cardiometabolic Disease? Nutrients 2023; 15:4011. [PMID: 37764794 PMCID: PMC10534702 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythritol is a non-nutritive sugar replacement that can be endogenously produced by humans. Witkowski et al. reported that elevated circulating erythritol is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in three independent cohorts, demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo that erythritol promotes platelet activation, and showed faster clotting time in mice injected with erythritol. It was concluded that erythritol fosters enhanced thrombosis. This narrative review presents additional evidence that needs to be considered when evaluating these data and conclusions. We conducted a search of all studies related to erythritol exposure with focus on those that reported vascular health outcomes. Patients with chronically elevated erythritol levels due to inborn errors of metabolism do not exhibit higher platelet activation or thrombosis risk. Most long-term studies in which animals consumed high levels of erythritol do not support its role in platelet activation and thrombosis formation. Clinical data on the effects of chronic intake of erythritol are limited. Erythritol may be merely a marker of dysregulation in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway caused by impaired glycemia. However, this suggestion and the findings of Witkowski et al. need to be further examined. Clinical trials examining the long-term effects of erythritol consumption on cardiometabolic outcomes are required to test the causality between dietary erythritol and cardiometabolic risk. Until supportive data from these trials are available, it cannot be concluded that dietary erythritol promotes platelet activation, thrombosis, and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Community Health Sciences-Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Sabarathinam S, Dhanasekaran D, Ganamurali N. Artificial sweetener is a growing threat for metabolic syndrome: why is extra attention required? Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO880. [PMID: 37621846 PMCID: PMC10445552 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Drug testing Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
- Clinical Trial Unit, Metabolic Ward, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
- Certificate Program-Analytical Techniques in Herbal Drug Industry, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Dhivya Dhanasekaran
- Certificate Program-Analytical Techniques in Herbal Drug Industry, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Nila Ganamurali
- Certificate Program-Analytical Techniques in Herbal Drug Industry, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Tilg H, Adolph TE. Sucralose and Erythritol - Not Too Sweet. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:859-861. [PMID: 37646685 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcibr2303516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Rzechonek DA, Szczepańczyk M, Mirończuk AM. Mutation in yl-HOG1 represses the filament-to-yeast transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37582747 PMCID: PMC10428635 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic fungus, which switches from yeast to filament form in response to environmental conditions. For industrial purposes it is important to lock cells in the yeast or filamentous form depending on the fermentation process. yl-Hog1 kinase is a key component of the HOG signaling pathway, responsible for activating the osmotic stress response. Additionally, deletion of yl-Hog1 leads to increased filamentation in Yarrowia lipolytica, but causes significant sensitivity to osmotic stress induced by a high concentration of a carbon source. RESULTS In this study, we tested the effect of point mutations on the function of yl-Hog1 protein kinase. The targets of modification were the phosphorylation sites (T171A-Y173A) and the active center (K49R). Introduction of the variant HOG1-49 into the hog1∆ strain partially improved growth under osmotic stress, but did not recover the yeast-like shape of the cells. The HOG1-171/173 variant was not functional, and its introduction further weakened the growth of hog1∆ strains in hyperosmotic conditions. To verify a genetic modification in filament form, we developed a new system based on green fluorescent protein (GFP) for easier screening of proper mutants. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights into the functions of yl-Hog1 protein in dimorphic transition and constitute a good starting point for further genetic modification of Y. lipolytica in filament form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota A Rzechonek
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szczepańczyk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Laboratory for Biosustainability, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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Krasnovsky L, Crowley AP, Naeem F, Wang LS, Wu GD, Chao AM. A Scoping Review of Nutritional Biomarkers Associated with Food Security. Nutrients 2023; 15:3576. [PMID: 37630766 PMCID: PMC10459650 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity affects more than 40 million individuals in the United States and is linked to negative health outcomes due, in part, to poor dietary quality. Despite the emergence of metabolomics as a modality to objectively characterize nutritional biomarkers, it is unclear whether food security is associated with any biomarkers of dietary quality. This scoping review aims to summarize studies that examined associations between nutritional biomarkers and food security, as well as studies that investigated metabolomic differences between people with and without food insecurity. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and AGRICOLA were searched through August 2022 for studies describing food insecurity and metabolic markers in blood, urine, plasma, hair, or nails. The 78 studies included consisted of targeted assays quantifying lipids, dietary nutrients, heavy metals, and environmental xenobiotics as biochemical features associated with food insecurity. Among those biomarkers which were quantified in at least five studies, none showed a consistent association with food insecurity. Although three biomarkers of dietary quality have been assessed between food-insecure versus food-secure populations, no studies have utilized untargeted metabolomics to characterize patterns of small molecules that distinguish between these two populations. Further studies are needed to characterize the dietary quality profiles of individuals with and without food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Krasnovsky
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.N.); (L.S.W.)
| | - Aidan P. Crowley
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.N.); (L.S.W.)
| | - Fawaz Naeem
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.N.); (L.S.W.)
| | - Lucy S. Wang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.P.C.); (F.N.); (L.S.W.)
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ariana M. Chao
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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Ortiz SR, Field MS. Sucrose Intake Elevates Erythritol in Plasma and Urine in Male Mice. J Nutr 2023; 153:1889-1902. [PMID: 37245661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum erythritol concentration is a predictive biomarker of diabetes and cardiovascular incidence and complications. Erythritol is synthesized endogenously from glucose, but little is known regarding the origin of elevated circulating erythritol in vivo. OBJECTIVES In vitro evidence indicates that intracellular erythritol is elevated by high-glucose cell culture conditions and that final step of erythritol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary intake and/or diet-induced obesity affect erythritol synthesis in mice and whether this relationship is modified by the loss of the enzymes SORD or ADH1. METHODS First, 8-wk-old male Sord+/+, Sord-/-, Adh1+/+, and Adh1-/- mice were fed either low-fat diet (LFD) with 10% fat-derived calories or diet-induced obesity high-fat diet (HFD) with 60% fat-derived calories for 8 wk. Plasma and tissue erythritol concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Second, male wild-type 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were fed LFD or HFD with plain drinking water or 30% sucrose water for 8 wk. Blood glucose and plasma and urinary erythritol concentrations were measured in nonfasted and fasted samples. Tissue erythritol was measured after killing. Finally, male Sord+/+ and Sord-/- mice were fed LFD with 30% sucrose water for 2 wk; then, nonfasted plasma, urine, and tissue erythritol concentrations were quantified. RESULTS Plasma and tissue erythritol concentrations were not affected by loss of Sord or Adh1 in mice fed LFD or HFD. In wild-type mice, consumption of 30% sucrose water significantly elevated plasma and urinary erythritol concentrations on both LFD-fed and HFD-fed mice compared with that of plain water. Sord genotype did not affect plasma or urinary erythritol concentration in response to sucrose feeding, but Sord-/- mice had reduced kidney erythritol content compared with wild-type littermates in response to sucrose. CONCLUSIONS Sucrose intake, not HFD, elevates erythritol synthesis and excretion in mice. Loss of ADH1 or SORD does not significantly affect erythritol concentration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira R Ortiz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Martha S Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Kodur N, Yurista S, Province V, Rueth E, Nguyen C, Tang WHW. Ketogenic Diet in Heart Failure: Fact or Fiction? JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:838-844. [PMID: 37407158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Kodur
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Salva Yurista
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Valesha Province
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emma Rueth
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Pafili K, Roden M. The sugar-free paradox: cardiometabolic consequences of erythritol. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:251. [PMID: 37328463 PMCID: PMC10275890 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 85764, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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