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Howell GE, Young D. Effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds on adipogenesis and adipocyte function in an immortalized human adipocyte model. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105831. [PMID: 38648980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine (OC) pesticide POPs, has been associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms through which exposure to these compounds may promote obesity and metabolic dysfunction remain an area of active investigation. To this end, the concentration dependent effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide POPs on adipocyte function was explored utilizing a translationally relevant immortalized human subcutaneous preadipocyte/adipocyte model. Briefly, immortalized human preadipocytes/adipocytes were exposed to a mixture of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane (DTO) then key indices of preadipocyte/adipocyte function were assessed. Exposure to DTO did not alter adipogenesis. However, in mature adipocytes, exposure to DTO slightly increased fatty acid uptake whereas isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis, basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular ATP levels were all significantly decreased. DTO significantly increased Staphylococcus aureus infection induced increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and Mcp-1 as well as the adipokine resistin. Taken together, the present data demonstrated exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide compounds can alter mature adipocyte function in a translationally relevant human adipocyte model which further supports the adipose tissue as an effector site of OC pesticide POPs action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Howell
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
| | - Darian Young
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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2
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Wolfart JC, Theodoro JL, Silva FC, de Oliveira CMR, Ferreira NGC, Bittencourt Guimarães AT. Metabolic Consequences of the Water We Drink: A Study Based on Field Evidence and Animal Model Experimentation. TOXICS 2023; 11:315. [PMID: 37112542 PMCID: PMC10142944 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the chronic consumption of water contaminated with residual concentrations of DDT's metabolites (DDD-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and DDE-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) found in the environment were evaluated on the biometric, hematological and antioxidant system parameters of the hepatic, muscular, renal and nervous tissues of Wistar rats. The results showed that the studied concentrations (0.002 mg.L-1 of DDD plus 0.005 mg.L-1 of DDE) could not cause significant changes in the hematological parameters. However, the tissues showed significant alteration in the activity of the antioxidant system represented by the increase in the activity of the enzymes gluthathione S-transferases in the liver, superoxide dismutase in the kidney, gluthathione peroxidase in the brain, and several changes in enzymatic activity in muscle (SOD, GPx and LPO). The enzymes alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) were also evaluated for the amino acids' metabolism in the liver, with ALT showing a significant increase in the exposed animals. In the integrative analysis of biomarkers (Permanova and PCOA), the studied concentrations showed possible metabolic changes and damage to cellular structures evidenced by increased oxidative stress and body weight gain among the treated animals. This study highlights the need for further studies on the impact of banned pesticides still present in soils that may induce adverse effects in organisms that may prevail in future generations and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Caroline Wolfart
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; (J.C.W.)
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Lucas Theodoro
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; (J.C.W.)
| | - Fernanda Coleraus Silva
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; (J.C.W.)
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management, Universidade Positivo, Rua Professor Parigot de Souza, Curitiba 5300, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nuno G. C. Ferreira
- CIIMAR: Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões. Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; (J.C.W.)
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
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Lee H, Gao Y, Kim JK, Shin S, Choi M, Hwang Y, Lee S, Rhyu DY, Kim KT. Synergetic effects of concurrent chronic exposure to a mixture of OCPs and high-fat diets on type 2 diabetes and beneficial effects of caloric restriction in female zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130659. [PMID: 36587596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship among chronic exposure to a low concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and caloric restriction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, female zebrafish were divided into four groups and treated for 12 weeks as follows: (i) negative control, (ii) HFD (obesity) control, (iii) obesity + a mixture of OCPs (OP), and (iv) obesity + a mixture of OCPs + caloric restriction (OPR). We then assessed T2D-related effects via hematological analysis, histopathology, mitochondrial evaluation, and multiomics analyses. The OP group showed a significant increase in glucose levels, whereas the OPR group maintained glucose at nonsignificant levels. Multiomics analyses revealed that the exacerbated metabolic effects in the OP group were associated with molecular alterations in oxidative stress, inflammation, nucleotide metabolism, and glucose/lipid homeostasis. These alterations were histologically verified by the increased numbers of hypertrophic adipocytes and inflammatory cells observed. Caloric restriction activated pathways related to antioxidant response, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and energy metabolism in zebrafish, leading to preserved glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, this study identified molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of concurrent exposure to a mixture of OCPs and HFD as well as shed light on the beneficial effect of regular caloric restriction in T2D development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Gao
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Core Analytical Service, Wuxi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jae Kwan Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooim Shin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsung Choi
- Department of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngja Hwang
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 FOUR, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Fernandes VC, Podlasiak M, Vieira EF, Rodrigues F, Grosso C, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Multiple Organic Contaminants Determination Including Multiclass of Pesticides, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Brominated Flame Retardants in Portuguese Kiwano Fruits by Gas Chromatography. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050993. [PMID: 36900510 PMCID: PMC10000518 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Global production of exotic fruits has been growing steadily over the past decade and expanded beyond the originating countries. The consumption of exotic and new fruits, such as kiwano, has increased due to their beneficial properties for human health. However, these fruits are scarcely studied in terms of chemical safety. As there are no studies on the presence of multiple contaminants in kiwano, an optimized analytical method based on the QuEChERS for the evaluation of 30 multiple contaminants (18 pesticides, 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 7 brominated flame retardants) was developed and validated. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory extraction efficiency was obtained with recoveries ranging from 90% to 122%, excellent sensitivity, with a quantification limit in the range of 0.6 to 7.4 µg kg-1, and good linearity ranging from 0.991 to 0.999. The relative standard deviation for precision studies was less than 15%. The assessment of the matrix effects showed enhancement for all the target compounds. The developed method was validated by analyzing samples collected from Douro Region. PCB 101 was found in trace concentration (5.1 µg kg-1). The study highlights the relevance of including other organic contaminants in monitoring studies in food samples in addition to pesticides.
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Le Mentec H, Monniez E, Legrand A, Monvoisin C, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. A New In Vivo Zebrafish Bioassay Evaluating Liver Steatosis Identifies DDE as a Steatogenic Endocrine Disruptor, Partly through SCD1 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043942. [PMID: 36835354 PMCID: PMC9959061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which starts with liver steatosis, is a growing worldwide epidemic responsible for chronic liver diseases. Among its risk factors, exposure to environmental contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), has been recently emphasized. Given this important public health concern, regulation agencies need novel simple and fast biological tests to evaluate chemical risks. In this context, we developed a new in vivo bioassay called StAZ (Steatogenic Assay on Zebrafish) using an alternative model to animal experimentation, the zebrafish larva, to screen EDCs for their steatogenic properties. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, we established a method based on fluorescent staining with Nile red to estimate liver lipid content. Following testing of known steatogenic molecules, 10 EDCs suspected to induce metabolic disorders were screened and DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT, was identified as a potent inducer of steatosis. To confirm this and optimize the assay, we used it in a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a blue fluorescent liver protein reporter. To obtain insight into DDE's effect, the expression of several genes related to steatosis was analyzed; an up-regulation of scd1 expression, probably relying on PXR activation, was found, partly responsible for both membrane remodeling and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Mentec
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Monniez
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236-MOBIDIC, INSERM, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
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Fernandes VC, Pestana D. Environmental Chemicals: Integrative Approach to Human Biomonitoring and Health Effects. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060314. [PMID: 35736922 PMCID: PMC9229863 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, citizen awareness of toxic chemicals has been a topic of interest, particularly concerning national and international policy decision makers, expert/scientific platforms, and health protection organizations (WHO, UNEP, CDC, EFSA, IPEN, etc [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.C.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Diogo Pestana
- CINTESIS & NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.C.F.); (D.P.)
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Type 2 Diabetes Induced by Changes in Proteomic Profiling of Zebrafish Chronically Exposed to a Mixture of Organochlorine Pesticides at Low Concentrations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094991. [PMID: 35564385 PMCID: PMC9100612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effect of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) mixtures on development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying mechanism, especially at protein levels, are largely unknown. We exposed a mixture of five OCPs to zebrafish at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 μg/L for 12 weeks. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were quantitatively identified in female zebrafish livers, and its functional study was conducted. The significantly high glucose and low insulin levels were observed only at 0.05 μg/L, linking to the different pattern of DEPs than other concentrations. A total of 1082 proteins was quantified, of which 321 proteins formed 6 clusters in protein dynamics analysis. The enriched pathways in cluster 3 showing distinct pattern of DEPs could explain the nonlinear response at 0.05 μg/L, indicating that OCP mixtures adversely affected proteins associated with mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. We proposed a feasible mechanism that decrease in expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase led to abnormal accumulation of aldehydes, reducing expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and resulting in disruption of glucose homeostasis. Our findings help to better understand the causality of T2DM by exposure to OCP mixtures and to identify biomarkers in the protein expression level.
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Bennett KA, Robinson KJ, Armstrong HC, Moss SEW, Scholl G, Tranganida A, Eppe G, Thomé JP, Debier C, Hall AJ. Predicting consequences of POP-induced disruption of blubber glucose uptake, mass gain rate and thyroid hormone levels for weaning mass in grey seal pups. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106506. [PMID: 33770584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are endocrine disruptors that alter adipose tissue development, regulation and function. Top marine predators are particularly vulnerable because they possess large fat stores that accumulate POPs. However, links between endocrine or adipose tissue function disruption and whole animal energetics have rarely been investigated. We predicted the impact of alterations to blubber metabolic characteristics and circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on suckling mass gain and weaning mass in wild grey seal pups. Glucose uptake by inner blubber was a strong predictor of whole animal mass gain rate, which in turn, resulted in heavier weaning mass. Weaning mass was predicted to increase by 3.7 ± 1.59 (sem) %, through increased mass gain rate, in the absence of the previously reported suppressive effect of dioxin-like PCB (DL-PCBs) on blubber glucose uptake. PBDEs were, conversely, associated with faster mass gain. Alleviation of this effect was predicted to reduce weaning mass by 6.02 ± 1.86% (sem). To better predict POPs effects on energy balance, it is crucial to determine if and how PBDEs promote mass gain in grey seal pups. Weaning mass was negatively related to total T3 (TT3) levels. A 20% (range = 9.3-31.7%) reduction in TT3 by DL-PCBs partially overcame the effect of DL-PCB -mediated reduction in blubber glucose uptake. Overall, DL-PCBs were thus predicted to reduce weaning mass by 1.86 ± 1.60%. Organohalogen impacts on whole-animal energy balance in grey seal pups appear to partially offset each other through opposing effects on different mechanisms. POP effects were generally minor, but the largest POP-induced reductions in weaning mass were predicted to occur in pups that were already small. Since weaning mass is positively related to first-year survival, POPs may disproportionately affect smaller individuals, and could continue to have population-level impacts even when levels are relatively low compared to historical values. Our findings show how in vitro experiments combined with measurements in vivo can help elucidate mechanisms that underpin energy balance regulation and help to quantify the magnitude of disruptive effects by contaminants and other stressors in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Bennett
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Kydd Building, Bell St., Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Kelly J Robinson
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY 16 8LB, UK; Centre for Biological Diversity, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, University of St Andrews, Greenside Place, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Holly C Armstrong
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Kydd Building, Bell St., Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Simon E W Moss
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY 16 8LB, UK.
| | - Georges Scholl
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Research Unit MolSys, B6c, Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Alexandra Tranganida
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Kydd Building, Bell St., Dundee DD1 1HG, UK.
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Research Unit MolSys, B6c, Department of Chemistry, Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Center for Analytical Research and Technology (CART), Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Ecotoxicology (LEAE), Université de Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Cathy Debier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ailsa J Hall
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY 16 8LB, UK.
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Arumugam MK, Paal MC, Donohue TM, Ganesan M, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:456. [PMID: 34067313 PMCID: PMC8224793 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine's role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew C. Paal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (MK.A.); (M.C.P.); (T.M.D.J.); (M.G.); (N.A.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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vonderEmbse AN, Elmore SE, Jackson KB, Habecker BA, Manz KE, Pennell KD, Lein PJ, La Merrill MA. Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice. Environ Health 2021; 20:37. [PMID: 33794904 PMCID: PMC8017793 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the bioaccumulative pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and obesity in humans and experimental animals. These effects appear to be mediated by reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Although the neurotoxicity of DDT is well-established, whether DDT alters sympathetic innervation of BAT is unknown. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure to DDT or DDE promotes thermogenic dysfunction by interfering with sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were administered environmentally relevant concentrations of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT) or DDE (p,p'-DDE), 1.7 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/kg, respectively, from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 by oral gavage, and longitudinal body temperature was recorded in male and female offspring. At 4 months of age, metabolic parameters were measured in female offspring via indirect calorimetry with or without the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243. Immunohistochemical and neurochemical analyses of sympathetic neurons innervating BAT were evaluated. RESULTS We observed persistent thermogenic impairment in adult female, but not male, mice perinatally exposed to DDTs or p,p'-DDE. Perinatal DDTs exposure significantly impaired metabolism in adult female mice, an effect rescued by treatment with CL 316,243 immediately prior to calorimetry experiments. Neither DDTs nor p,p'-DDE significantly altered BAT morphology or the concentrations of norepinephrine and its metabolite DHPG in the BAT of DDTs-exposed mice. However, quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a 20% decrease in sympathetic axons innervating BAT in adult female mice perinatally exposed to DDTs, but not p,p'-DDE, and 48 and 43% fewer synapses in stellate ganglia of mice exposed to either DDTs or p,p'-DDE, respectively, compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that perinatal exposure to DDTs or p,p'-DDE impairs thermogenesis by interfering with patterns of connectivity in sympathetic circuits that regulate BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise N. vonderEmbse
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sarah E. Elmore
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Present address: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Kyle B. Jackson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Katherine E. Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Kurt D. Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Jugan J, Lind PM, Salihovic S, Stubleski J, Kärrman A, Lind L, La Merrill MA. The associations between p,p'-DDE levels and plasma levels of lipoproteins and their subclasses in an elderly population determined by analysis of lipoprotein content. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:249. [PMID: 33287856 PMCID: PMC7722417 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoproteins at aberrant levels are known to play a role in cardiovascular disease. The metabolite of the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), physically associates with lipids and accumulates in adipose tissue. Little is known about which lipoproteins associate with p,p'-DDE. An association between p,p'-DDE exposure and altered levels of circulating lipids was assessed in a large human cohort using a detailed analysis of lipoprotein content. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from the subset of 75-year old Swedes in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature of Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort who were not prescribed lipid lowering medication (n = 571). p,p'-DDE concentrations in plasma were measured using high-throughput solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Analysis of plasma lipoprotein content was performed with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS Detectable levels of p,p'-DDE were found in the plasma samples of all subjects. Elevated p,p'-DDE levels were associated with increased concentrations of lipoproteins of all diameters, with the exception of high density lipoprotein (HDL) of diameters between 14.3 nm-10.9 nm. Of the lipoprotein constituents, triglycerides were most uniformly associated with elevated p,p'-DDE across lipoproteins. p,p'-DDE was furthermore associated with apolipoprotein B, but not apolipoprotein A1. CONCLUSIONS The positive associations observed between each lipoprotein class and elevated p,p'-DDE support previous data suggesting that p,p'-DDE interacts with lipoproteins within plasma. It is speculated that both physio-chemical and biological mechanisms may explain why p,p'-DDE does not uniformly associate with lipids across lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann Jugan
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- School of Medical Sciences, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Kärrman
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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He B, Ni Y, Jin Y, Fu Z. Pesticides-induced energy metabolic disorders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139033. [PMID: 32388131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders have become a heavy burden on society. Recently, through excessive use, pesticides have been found to be present in environmental matrixes and sometimes even accumulate in humans or other mammals through the food chain, which then causes health concerns. Evidence has indicated that pesticides have the potential to induce energy metabolic disorders by disturbing the physical process of energy absorption in the intestine and energy storage in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans or other mammals. In addition, the homeostasis of energy regulation by the pancreas and immune cells is also affected by pesticides. These pesticide-induced disruptions ultimately cause abnormal levels of blood glucose and lipids, which in turn induce the development of related metabolic diseases, including overweight, underweight, insulin resistance and even diabetes. In this review, the results of previous studies focused on the induction of metabolic disorders by pesticides are summarized. We hope that this work will facilitate the discovery of a potential strategy for the treatment of diseases caused by pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Endocrine disruption and obesity: A current review on environmental obesogens. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2020; 3. [PMCID: PMC7326440 DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity represents an important public health concern because it substantially increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases and thereby contributing to a decline in both quality of life and life expectancy. Besides unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and genetic susceptibility, environmental pollutants also contribute to the rising prevalence of obesity epidemic. An environmental obesogen is defined as a chemical that can alter lipid homeostasis to promote adipogenesis and lipid accumulation whereas an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) is defined as a synthetic chemical that can interfere with the endocrine function and cause adverse health effects. Many obesogens are EDCs that interfere with normal endocrine regulation of metabolism, adipose tissue development and maintenance, appetite, weight and energy balance. An expanding body of scientific evidence from animal and epidemiological studies has begun to provide links between exposure to EDCs and obesity. Despite the significance of environmental obesogens in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the contribution of synthetic chemical exposure to obesity epidemic remains largely unrecognised. Hence, the purpose of this review is to provide a current update on the evidences from animal and human studies on the role of fourteen environmental obesogens in obesity, a comprehensive view of the mechanisms of action of these obesogens and current green and sustainable chemistry strategies to overcome chemical exposure to prevent obesity. Designing of safer version of obesogens through green chemistry approaches requires a collaborative undertaking to evaluate the toxicity of endocrine disruptors using appropriate experimental methods, which will help in developing a new generation of inherently safer chemicals. Many environmental obesogens are endocrine disrupting chemicals that interfere with normal endocrine regulation of metabolism. Understanding the role of environmental obesogens in the epidemics of obesity is in an infant stage. Green chemistry approach aims to design a safer version of these chemicals by understanding their hazardous effects. Further studies are necessary to fully establish the hazardous effects of obesogens and their association to human obesity.
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15
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Liang Y, Liu D, Zhan J, Luo M, Han J, Wang P, Zhou Z. New insight into the mechanism of POP-induced obesity: Evidence from DDE-altered microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125123. [PMID: 32050320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies demonstrate that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) could lead to metabolic syndrome, the mechanism has remained unclear. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the lipid metabolome have been put forward in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we used dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) as an example to study the effects of POP-impaired microbial composition and metabolome homeostasis on metabolic syndrome. The results showed that DDE exposure increased body weight and fat content and impaired glucose homeostasis. Further investigation revealed that DDE induced gut dysbiosis as indicated by an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, which may impact energy harvest efficiency. Meanwhile, the plasma lipid metabolome profile was significantly altered by DDE. Furthermore, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and triacylglycerol were identified as key metabolites affected by DDE treatment, and these altered lipid metabolites were highly correlated with changed microbiota composition. This study provides novel insight into the underlying mechanism of POP-induced obesity and diabetes, pointing to gut microbiota as one of the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No. 30, Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Mai Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Fernandes VC, Luts W, Delerue-Matos C, Domingues VF. Improved QuEChERS for Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Capsicum Cultivars Using Gas Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3260-3266. [PMID: 32050063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for analytical laboratories and food safety authorities is the control of food contaminants hazardous to human health. For the first time, a simple, fast, and cost-effective sample preparation method is proposed as an extraction technique to determine 12 brominated flame retardants (BFRs) (seven polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners and five novel BFRs) in Capsicum cultivars. Different QuEChERS and dispersive solid-phase extract (d-SPE) sorbent compositions were evaluated in terms of recovery and matrix effects. The best results were obtained with citrate-buffered version QuEChERS and a cleanup step, with 150 mg of MgSO4, 50 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA), 50 mg of C18, and 5 mg of carbon. The limit of detection (LOD) was between 1.4 and 9.3 μg/kg and R2 > 0.99. Recoveries and matrix effects were between 66 and 104% and 0.58 and 2.18, respectively. The relative standard deviations from repeatability and reproducibility studies and estimation of measurement uncertainty were lower than 20%. Gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer was used to confirm the presence of BFRs in the samples. Novel BFRs were detected lower than the LOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ward Luts
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Hasselt University, KU Leuven, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr° António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Metabolically Healthy Obesity-Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020048. [PMID: 32012784 PMCID: PMC7074352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of heterogeneity among obese individuals in their risk for developing metabolic dysfunction and associated complications has been recognized for decades. At the origin of the heterogeneity idea is the acknowledgement that individuals with central obesity are more prone to developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease than those with peripheral obesity. There have been attempts to categorize subjects according to their metabolic health and degree of obesity giving rise to different obese and non-obese phenotypes that include metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Individuals belonging to the MHO phenotype are obese according to their body mass index although exhibiting fewer or none metabolic anomalies such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and/or unfavorable inflammatory and fribinolytic profiles. However, some authors claim that MHO is only transient in nature. Additionally, the phenotype categorization is controversial as it lacks standardized definitions possibly blurring the distinction between obesity phenotypes and confounding the associations with health outcomes. To add to the discussion, the factors underlying the origin or protection from metabolic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk for these subclasses are being intensely investigated and several hypotheses have been put forward. In the present review, we compare the different definitions of obesity phenotypes and present several possible factors underlying them (adipose tissue distribution and cellularity, contaminant accumulation on the adipose tissue, dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia imposing on to the endocannabinoid tone and inflammasome, and nutrient intake and dietary patterns) having inflammatory activation at the center.
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Cano-Sancho G, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Antignac JP. The challenging use and interpretation of blood biomarkers of exposure related to lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental health studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110606. [PMID: 31585155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of exposure biomarkers has been growing during the last decades, being considered the 'gold-standard' approach for individual exposure assessment to environmental chemicals. However, lipophilic endocrine disrupting chemicals (LEDC) have specific physicochemical and biological properties implying particular analytical challenges and interpretative caveats. The epidemiological literature is therefore afflicted by methodological inconsistencies and results divergences, in part due to recognised sources of exposure measurement error and misinterpretation of results. The aim of the present review is to identify external and endogenous sources of variability and uncertainty associated with the LEDC blood biomarkers in epidemiological studies. The dynamic nature of blood and an overview of the known mechanisms of transport, storage and partition of LEDCs in the organism are first described. The external sources of variability and uncertainty introduced at pre-analytical and analytical level are subsequently presented. Subsequently, we present some specific cases where the dynamics of lipids and LEDCs may be substantially modified and thus, the interpretation of biomarkers can be particularly challenging. The environmental obesogens as source of biomarkers variability is also discussed in the light of the most recent findings. Finally, different modelling approaches (statistical and pharmacokinetic models) proposed to improve the use and interpretation of biomarkers are appraised.
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20
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Koual M, Cano-Sancho G, Bats AS, Tomkiewicz C, Kaddouch-Amar Y, Douay-Hauser N, Ngo C, Bonsang H, Deloménie M, Lecuru F, Le Bizec B, Marchand P, Botton J, Barouki R, Antignac JP, Coumoul X. Associations between persistent organic pollutants and risk of breast cancer metastasis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:105028. [PMID: 31382183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health concern with over 2 million new cases diagnosed and over 600,000 deaths in 2018 in women worldwide. When distant metastases are present at diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate is only 26%. Recent studies have suggested that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that accumulate in adipose tissue (AT) can influence tumor phenotype and stimulate cellular processes important for metastasis such as invasion. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that POP exposure is associated with BC metastasis. METHODS We conducted an exploratory case-control study in which the concentrations of 49 POPs were measured in both AT and serum samples from BC patients, with or without lymph node metastasis, who underwent partial or total mastectomies, lymph node biopsies and sampling of the adipocytic tumor microenvironment. Adjusted, unconditional logistic models were used to study the associations between the POP concentrations and the risk of metastasis and other hallmarks of cancer aggressiveness. RESULTS 2.3.7.8-TCDD concentrations in AT are positively associated with the risk of metastasis in 43 patients who have BMIs equal or higher than 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio: 4.48 (1.32-20.71)). Furthermore, the concentrations of 2.3.7.8-TCDD and two coplanar PCBs (77&169) in AT also were positively associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis and the tumor size. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that 2.3.7.8-TCDD and some PCBs contribute to the development of tumor metastasis and other hallmarks of cancer aggressiveness. While these results should be considered with caution, this is the first study to identify such potential risk factors. Larger longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm our results. Clinical Trial Protocol Record: 2013-A00663-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Koual
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Bats
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yael Kaddouch-Amar
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Douay-Hauser
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Ngo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bonsang
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Myriam Deloménie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Marchand
- LABERCA, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne-Loire, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Jeremie Botton
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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Zhan J, Liang Y, Liu D, Ma X, Li P, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Wang P. Pectin reduces environmental pollutant-induced obesity in mice through regulating gut microbiota: A case study of p,p'-DDE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104861. [PMID: 31195221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity has raised global concerns. Environmental pollutants are one of the main causes of obesity. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber could reduce obesity induced by high-fat diets, but whether environmental pollutant-induced obesity can be reversed is still unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectin on obesity induced by a typical environmental pollutant p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and explore the underlying mechanism by which pectin reversed p,p'-DDE-induced obesity. METHODS p,p'-DDE was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and pectin was supplied during and after cessation of p,p'-DDE exposure. Body and fat weight gain, plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance of mice were assessed. Gut microbiota composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the receptor proteins and hormones in the SCFAs-related signaling pathway were analyzed. Moreover, p,p'-DDE levels in various tissues of mice were detected. RESULTS Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in p,p'-DDE-exposed mice. Furthermore, pectin apparently altered the p,p'-DDE-induced microbial composition and then promoted the levels of SCFAs in colonic feces as well as the expression of G-protein coupled receptors and the concentration of hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Pectin treatment also significantly reduced p,p'-DDE accumulation in mice tissues during p,p'-DDE exposure but did not change p,p'-DDE metabolism after termination of p,p'-DDE exposure. CONCLUSIONS Pectin had a good effect on reducing p,p'-DDE-induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of environmental pollutant-caused health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Sá C, Pestana D, Calhau C, Faria A. Unravelling the Effect of p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in Hypertension of Wistar Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12847-12854. [PMID: 30415545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease with limited knowledge of the involved mechanisms. p,p'-DDE ( p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) is a pollutant commonly found in tissues that interferes with endocrine signaling. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of hypertension triggered by p,p'-DDE exposure in the presence or absence of a HF (high-fat) diet in rats. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was evaluated by qPCR in liver and adipose tissue (AT), and a transcriptome analysis comparing visceral AT of HF diet and HF/DDE groups was performed. HF diet influenced RAS, but the p,p'-DDE effect was more evident in liver than in AT (interaction between the diet and p,p'-DDE treatment affected aldosterone receptor and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 expression in liver, p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). p,p'-DDE induced a decrease in the expression of genes involved in the retinoid acid biosynthesis pathway (Crabp1; -2.07-fold; p = 0.018), eNOS activation (Nos1; -1.64-fold; p = 0.012), and regulation and urea cycle (Ass1; -2.07-fold; p = 0.02). This study suggested that p,p'-DDE may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, not exclusively in RAS but also by induction of hyperuricemia and increased oxidative stress, which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress and vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sá
- CINTESIS , Center for Health Technology and Services Research , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro , 4200-369 Porto , Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Porto , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro , 4200-369 Porto , Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- CINTESIS , Center for Health Technology and Services Research , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro , 4200-369 Porto , Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism , NOVA Medical School - FCM Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- CINTESIS , Center for Health Technology and Services Research , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro , 4200-369 Porto , Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism , NOVA Medical School - FCM Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- CINTESIS , Center for Health Technology and Services Research , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro , 4200-369 Porto , Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism , NOVA Medical School - FCM Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa , Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre NOVA Medical School - FCM Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa , Portugal
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Ferro A, Teixeira D, Pestana D, Monteiro R, Santos CC, Domingues VF, Polónia J, Calhau C. POPs' effect on cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile in a sample of women with obesity and hypertension. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:310-321. [PMID: 30431394 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1535480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are man-made compounds with metabolic disruption impact. We investigated the effect of POP exposure in the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile in a population of women with obesity and hypertension. In 43 premenopausal women (22 treated vs. 21 nontreated) undergoing bariatric surgery, blood and adipose tissue samples (visceral (vAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (scAT)) were collected. Median concentrations of ∑HCH and ∑POPs in vAT were significantly higher in treated women. VAT ∑HCH and scAT ∑HCH and ∑POPs concentrations were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure in the non-treated group. Our findings suggest that exposure to POPs and its accumulation in vAT and circulating in plasma may be associated to a higher cardiovascular risk in women with obesity and hypertension, with or without antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferro
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
- Interno de Formação Específica - Medicina Interna, Pedro Hispano General Hospital Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências, Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências, Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosário Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Centro de Investigação Médica, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Santos
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV-GRAQ - Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Polónia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Hypertension, Pedro Hispano General Hospital Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- CINTESIS - Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências, Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Cavallari JF, Anhê FF, Foley KP, Denou E, Chan RW, Bowdish DME, Schertzer JD. Targeting macrophage scavenger receptor 1 promotes insulin resistance in obese male mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13930. [PMID: 30485705 PMCID: PMC6260912 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune components can bridge inflammatory triggers to metabolic dysfunction. Scavenger receptors sense lipoproteins, but it is not clear how different scavenger receptors alter carbohydrate metabolism during obesity. Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) are scavenger receptors that have been implicated in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. We assessed glucose control, tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in Msr1- and Marco-deficient mice fed with obesogenic diets. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, Msr1-/- mice had worse blood glucose control that was only revealed after diet-induced obesity, not in lean mice. Obese Msr1-/- mice had worse insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the adipose tissue, which occurred in the absence of overt differences in adipose inflammation compared to obese WT mice. Msr1 deletion worsened dysglycemia independently from bacterial cell wall insulin sensitizers, such as muramyl dipeptide. MARCO was dispensable for glycemic control in obese mice. Oral administration of the polysaccharide fucoidan worsened glucose control in obese WT mice, but fucoidan had no effect on glycemia in obese Msr1-/- mice. Therefore, MSR1 is a scavenger receptor responsible for changes in glucose control in response to the environmental ligand fucoidan. Given the interest in dietary supplements and natural products reducing inflammation or insulin resistance in metabolic disease during obesity, our results highlight the importance of understanding which ligand-receptor relationships promote versus those that protect against metabolic disease factors. Our results show that ligand or gene targeting of MSR1 exacerbates insulin resistance in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Fernando F. Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin P. Foley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Emmanuel Denou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Rebecca W. Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Dawn M. E. Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and McMaster Immunology Research CentreMcMaster University and Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease ResearchHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesFarncombe Family Digestive Health Research InstituteHamiltonOntarioCanada
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25
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Pesta M, Cedikova M, Dvorak P, Dvorakova J, Kulda V, Srbecka K, Muller L, Bouchalova V, Kralickova M, Babuska V, Kuncova J, Mullerova D. Trends in gene expression changes during adipogenesis in human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells under dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene exposure. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Morales-Prieto N, Ruiz-Laguna J, Sheehan D, Abril N. Transcriptome signatures of p,p´-DDE-induced liver damage in Mus spretus mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:150-167. [PMID: 29554563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) in some countries, although regulated, is contributing to an increased worldwide risk of exposure to this organochlorine pesticide or its derivative p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene]. Many studies have associated p,p'-DDE exposure to type 2 diabetes, obesity and alterations of the reproductive system, but their molecular mechanisms of toxicity remain poorly understood. We have addressed this issue by using commercial microarrays based on probes for the entire Mus musculus genome to determine the hepatic transcriptional signatures of p,p'-DDE in the phylogenetically close mouse species Mus spretus. High-stringency hybridization conditions and analysis assured reliable results, which were also verified, in part, by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and/or enzymatic activity. Our data linked 198 deregulated genes to mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbations of central signaling pathways (kinases, lipids, and retinoic acid) leading to enhanced lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, cell proliferation and testosterone catabolism and excretion. Alterations of transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in testosterone catabolism and excretion would explain the relationships established between p,p´-DDE exposure and reproductive disorders, obesity and diabetes. Further studies will help to fully understand the molecular basis of p,p´-DDE molecular toxicity in liver and reproductive organs, to identify effective exposure biomarkers and perhaps to design efficient p,p'-DDE exposure counteractive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz-Laguna
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Sheehan
- College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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27
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Fernandes VC, Freitas M, Pacheco JPG, Oliveira JM, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C. Magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography determination of organophosphorus pesticides in strawberries. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:1-12. [PMID: 30017087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with different sizes and characteristics were synthesized to be used as a QuEChERS sorbents for the determination of seven organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in strawberries by gas chromatography analysis with flame photometric and mass spectrometry detection. To achieve the optimum conditions of modified QuEChERS procedure several parameters affecting the cleanup efficiency including the amount of the sorbents and cleanup time were investigated. The results were compared with classical QuEChERS methodologies and the modified QuEChERS procedure using MNPs showed the better performance. Under the optimum conditions of the new methodology, three spiking levels (25, 50 and 100 μg kg-1) were evaluated in a strawberry sample. The results showed that the average recovery was 93% and the relative standard deviation was less than 12%. The enrichment factor ranged from 111 to 145%. The good linearity with coefficients of determination of 0.9904-0.9991 was obtained over the range of 25-250 μg kg-1 for 7 OPPs. It was determined that the MNPs have an excellent function as sorbent when purified even using less amount of sorbents and the magnetic properties allowed non-use of the centrifugation in cleanup step. The new methodology was applied in strawberry samples from conventional and organic farming. The new sorbents were successfully applied for extraction and determination of OPPs in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P G Pacheco
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Maria Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina Fernandes Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Drº António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Electroacupuncture Reduces Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats via Hypothalamic Tsc1 Promoter Demethylation and Inhibition of the Activity of mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3039783. [PMID: 29853949 PMCID: PMC5944273 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3039783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Subject The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture reducing weight via tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) promoter methylation, inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Materials and Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into chow-fed group (chow group) or high-fat diet group (HF group) for 14 weeks. The obesity rats in HF group were randomly divided into electroacupuncture group (EA group) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) group, which received EA stimulation on bilateral ST25, RN12, SP6, and ST36 for 4 weeks or no further treatment, respectively. Methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter and expression of agouti-related protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and proopiomelanocortin (PoMC) were detected at the 18th week. Results At week 18, weight, body fat, and the body fat rate in DIO group were significantly higher than those of the chow and EA group. Compared with the chow group, the DIO group had increased methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter and expression of mTORC1, AgRP, and NPY gene and decreased PoMC in the hypothalamus; after EA, methylation of the Tsc1 gene promoter, mRNA, and protein of the mTORC1 and expression of AgRP and NPY gene decreased and PoMC increased significantly. Conclusions Our study could shed light on the potential pathway where EA exerts effects on the mechanism of EA treatment for obesity through the hypothalamic Tsc1 promoter demethylation and inhibition of the activity of mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Ha KH, Kim SA, Lee YM, Kim DJ, Lee DH. Can persistent organic pollutants distinguish between two opposite metabolic phenotypes in lean Koreans? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2018; 44:168-171. [PMID: 29395811 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the association of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), an emerging new risk factor for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, with the presence of opposite phenotypes of glucose and lipid metabolism among normal-weight Koreans of similar body composition. METHODS Fifty subjects, randomly selected from an ongoing community-based cohort study, from two opposite phenotype groups - metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) - were matched for waist circumference, visceral fat mass and demographic variables, then compared for serum concentrations of POPs. RESULTS Most POPs (10 out of 13 compounds) were present in higher serum concentrations in the MUHNW than in the MHNW. In particular, serum concentrations of all compounds of the organochlorine pesticide class were 2.2 to 4.7 times higher in cases than in controls. Compared with the lowest tertile of summary measures of POPs, Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the second and third tertiles were 7.4 (1.9-29.4) and 10.4 (2.6-41.2), respectively. Adjusting for possible confounders did not change the results. CONCLUSION Taken altogether, these findings from the present and previous studies suggest that increased serum POP concentrations may play an important role in the development of unhealthy metabolic phenotypes in lean people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Lee YM, Jacobs Jr. DR, Lee DH. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Review of Review Articles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:712. [PMID: 30542326 PMCID: PMC6277786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have emerged as a new risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite substantial evidence from human and experimental studies, there are several critical issues which have not been properly addressed by POPs researchers. First, as POPs exist as mixtures, findings about POPs from human studies should be interpreted from the viewpoint of lipophilic chemical mixtures which include both measured and unmeasured POPs. Second, as POPs can directly reduce insulin secretion of beta cells, the role of POPs may be more prominent in the development of beta-cell dysfunction-dominant T2D rather than insulin resistance-dominant T2D. Third, there are multidimensional interrelationships between POPs and adipose tissue. Even though POPs are now considered as a new risk factor for T2D, independent of obesity, POPs and obesity are mechanistically linked to each other. POPs are involved in key mechanisms linking obesity and T2D, such as chronic inflammation of adipose tissue and lipotoxicity with ectopic fat accumulation. Also, POPs can explain puzzling human findings which suggest benefits of obesity because healthy adipose tissue can be protective by reducing the amount of POPs reaching other organs. Fourth, non-linear dose-response relationships between POPs and T2D are biologically possible. Although POPs are well-known endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), mitochondrial dysfunction may be a more plausible mechanism due to unpredictability of EDC mixtures. As adipose tissue plays a role as an internal exposure source of POPs, how to manage POPs inside us may be essential to protect against harms of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - David R. Jacobs Jr.
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, DaeguSouth Korea
- *Correspondence: Duk-Hee Lee
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31
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Singh P, Chowdhuri DK. Modulation of sestrin confers protection to Cr(VI) induced neuronal cell death in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:302-314. [PMID: 29045932 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is one of the major causes of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], a heavy metal with diverse applications and environmental presence, induced neuronal adversities in exposed organism including Drosophila. Sestrin (sesn), an oxidative stress responsive gene, emerges as a novel player in the management of oxidative stress response. It is reported to be regulated by Target of rapamycin (TOR) and the former regulates autophagy and plays an important role in the prevention of neurodegeneration. Due to limited information regarding the role of sesn in chemical induced cellular adversities, it was hypothesized that modulation of sesn may improve the Cr(VI) induced neuronal adversities in Drosophila. Upon exposure of Cr(VI) (5.0-20.0 μg/ml) to D. melanogaster larvae (w1118; background control), neuronal cell death was observed at 20.0 μg/ml of Cr(VI) concentration which was found to be reversed by targeted sesn overexpression (Elav-GAL4>UAS-sesn) in those cells of exposed organism by the induction of autophagy concomitant with decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, p-Foxo-, p-JNK- and p-Akt-levels with decreased apoptosis. Conversely, after sesn knockdown (Elav-GAL4>UAS-sesnRNAi) in neuronal cells, they become more vulnerable to oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of sesn in neuronal cells of exposed organism resulted in decreased autophagy with increased TOR and p-S6k levels while overexpression of sesn led to their decreased levels suggestive of decreased anabolic and increased catabolic activity in neuronal cells shifting energy towards the augmentation of cellular repair. Taken together, the study suggests therapeutic implications of sesn against chemical induced neuronal adversities in an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - D Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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32
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Helsley RN, Zhou C. Epigenetic impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis: a pregnane X receptor-centric view. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx017. [PMID: 29119010 PMCID: PMC5672952 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major advances in developing diagnostic techniques and effective treatments, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While considerable progress has been achieved to identify gene variations and environmental factors that contribute to CVD, much less is known about the role of "gene-environment interactions" in predisposing individuals to CVD. Our chemical environment has significantly changed in the last few decades, and there are more than 100,000 synthetic chemicals in the market. Recent large-scale human population studies have associated exposure to certain chemicals including many endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with increased CVD risk, and animal studies have also confirmed that some EDCs can cause aberrant lipid homeostasis and increase atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of how exposure to those EDCs influences CVD risk remain elusive. Numerous EDCs can activate the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) that functions as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate host xenobiotic metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated the novel functions of PXR in lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. In addition to directly regulating transcription, PXR has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Exposure to many EDCs can also induce epigenetic modifications, but little is known about how the changes relate to the onset or progression of CVD. In this review, we will discuss recent research on PXR and EDCs in the context of CVD and propose that PXR may play a previously unrealized role in EDC-mediated epigenetic modifications that affect lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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