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Topchiy I, Mohbat J, Folorunso OO, Wang ZZ, Lazcano-Etchebarne C, Engin E. GABA system as the cause and effect in early development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105651. [PMID: 38579901 PMCID: PMC11081854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain and through its actions on GABAARs, it protects against excitotoxicity and seizure activity, ensures temporal fidelity of neurotransmission, and regulates concerted rhythmic activity of neuronal populations. In the developing brain, the development of GABAergic neurons precedes that of glutamatergic neurons and the GABA system serves as a guide and framework for the development of other brain systems. Despite this early start, the maturation of the GABA system also continues well into the early postnatal period. In this review, we organize evidence around two scenarios based on the essential and protracted nature of GABA system development: 1) disruptions in the development of the GABA system can lead to large scale disruptions in other developmental processes (i.e., GABA as the cause), 2) protracted maturation of this system makes it vulnerable to the effects of developmental insults (i.e., GABA as the effect). While ample evidence supports the importance of GABA/GABAAR system in both scenarios, large gaps in existing knowledge prevent strong mechanistic conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Topchiy
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julie Mohbat
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Oluwarotimi O Folorunso
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ziyi Zephyr Wang
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Elif Engin
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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2
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McArdle CJ, Arnone AA, Heaney CF, Raab-Graham KF. A paradoxical switch: the implications of excitatory GABAergic signaling in neurological disorders. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1296527. [PMID: 38268565 PMCID: PMC10805837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1296527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the mature brain, inhibitory GABAergic signaling is critical in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and vital human behaviors such as cognition, emotion, and motivation. While classically known to inhibit neuronal function under physiological conditions, previous research indicates a paradoxical switch from inhibitory to excitatory GABAergic signaling that is implicated in several neurological disorders. Various mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the excitatory switch such as chloride ion dyshomeostasis, alterations in inhibitory receptor expression, and modifications in GABAergic synaptic plasticity. Of note, the hypothesized mechanisms underlying excitatory GABAergic signaling are highlighted in a number of neurodevelopmental, substance use, stress, and neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we present an updated review discussing the presence of excitatory GABAergic signaling in various neurological disorders, and their potential contributions towards disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. McArdle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Alana A. Arnone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chelcie F. Heaney
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Raab-Graham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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3
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Comas M, De Pietri Tonelli D, Berdondini L, Astiz M. Ontogeny of the circadian system: a multiscale process throughout development. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:36-46. [PMID: 38071123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The 24 h (circadian) timing system develops in mammals during the perinatal period. It carries out the essential task of anticipating daily recurring environmental changes to identify the best time of day for each molecular, cellular, and systemic process. Although significant knowledge has been acquired about the organization and function of the adult circadian system, relatively little is known about its ontogeny. During the perinatal period, the circadian system progressively gains functionality under the influence of the early environment. This review explores current evidence on the development of the circadian clock in mammals, highlighting the multilevel complexity of the process and the importance of gaining a better understanding of its underlying biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Comas
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Luca Berdondini
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Circadian Physiology of Neurons and Glia Laboratory, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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4
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Gillespie B, Panthi S, Sundram S, Hill RA. The impact of maternal immune activation on GABAergic interneuron development: A systematic review of rodent studies and their translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105488. [PMID: 38042358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Mothers exposed to infections during pregnancy disproportionally birth children who develop autism and schizophrenia, disorders associated with altered GABAergic function. The maternal immune activation (MIA) model recapitulates this risk factor, with many studies also reporting disruptions to GABAergic interneuron expression, protein, cellular density and function. However, it is unclear if there are species, sex, age, region, or GABAergic subtype specific vulnerabilities to MIA. Furthermore, to fully comprehend the impact of MIA on the GABAergic system a synthesised account of molecular, cellular, electrophysiological and behavioural findings was required. To this end we conducted a systematic review of GABAergic interneuron changes in the MIA model, focusing on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. We reviewed 102 articles that revealed robust changes in a number of GABAergic markers that present as gestationally-specific, region-specific and sometimes sex-specific. Disruptions to GABAergic markers coincided with distinct behavioural phenotypes, including memory, sensorimotor gating, anxiety, and sociability. Findings suggest the MIA model is a valid tool for testing novel therapeutics designed to recover GABAergic function and associated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sandesh Panthi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rachel A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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5
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Doherty JL, Cunningham AC, Chawner SJRA, Moss HM, Dima DC, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM, Singh KD. Atypical cortical networks in children at high-genetic risk of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:368-376. [PMID: 37402765 PMCID: PMC7615386 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many genetic risk factors for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders have been identified, the neurobiological route from genetic risk to neuropsychiatric outcome remains unclear. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a copy number variant (CNV) syndrome associated with high rates of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. Alterations in neural integration and cortical connectivity have been linked to the spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders seen in 22q11.2DS and may be a mechanism by which the CNV acts to increase risk. In this study, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to investigate electrophysiological markers of local and global network function in 34 children with 22q11.2DS and 25 controls aged 10-17 years old. Resting-state oscillatory activity and functional connectivity across six frequency bands were compared between groups. Regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between these measures, neurodevelopmental symptoms and IQ. Children with 22q11.2DS had altered network activity and connectivity in high and low frequency bands, reflecting modified local and long-range cortical circuitry. Alpha and theta band connectivity were negatively associated with ASD symptoms while frontal high frequency (gamma band) activity was positively associated with ASD symptoms. Alpha band activity was positively associated with cognitive ability. These findings suggest that haploinsufficiency at the 22q11.2 locus impacts short and long-range cortical circuits, which could be a mechanism underlying neurodevelopmental and psychiatric vulnerability in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Doherty
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Cardiff University's Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Adam C Cunningham
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel J R A Chawner
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hayley M Moss
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Diana C Dima
- Cardiff University's Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff University's Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krish D Singh
- Cardiff University's Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Parodi G, Brofiga M, Pastore VP, Chiappalone M, Martinoia S. Deepening the role of excitation/inhibition balance in human iPSCs-derived neuronal networks coupled to MEAs during long-term development. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:056011. [PMID: 37678214 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acf78b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective.The purpose of this study is to investigate whether and how the balance between excitation and inhibition ('E/I balance') influences the spontaneous development of human-derived neuronal networksin vitro. To achieve that goal, we performed a long-term (98 d) characterization of both homogeneous (only excitatory or inhibitory neurons) and heterogeneous (mixed neuronal types) cultures with controlled E/I ratios (i.e. E:I 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) by recording their electrophysiological activity using micro-electrode arrays.Approach.Excitatory and inhibitory neurons were derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We realized five different configurations by systematically varying the glutamatergic and GABAergic percentages.Main results.We successfully built both homogeneous and heterogeneous neuronal cultures from hiPSCs finely controlling the E/I ratios; we were able to maintain them for up to 3 months. Homogeneity differentially impacted purely inhibitory (no bursts) and purely excitatory (few bursts) networks, deviating from the typical traits of heterogeneous cultures (burst dominated). Increased inhibition in heterogeneous cultures strongly affected the duration and organization of bursting and network bursting activity. Spike-based functional connectivity and image-based deep learning analysis further confirmed all the above.Significance.Healthy neuronal activity is controlled by a well-defined E/I balance whose alteration could lead to the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy. Most of the commonly usedin vitromodels are animal-derived or too simplified and thus far from thein vivohuman condition. In this work, by performing a long-term study of hiPSCs-derived neuronal networks obtained from healthy human subjects, we demonstrated the feasibility of a robustin vitromodel which can be further exploited for investigating pathological conditions where the E/I balance is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Parodi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Brofiga
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- ScreenNeuroPharm s.r.l, Sanremo, Italy
- Neurofacility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Vito Paolo Pastore
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Machine Learning Genoa Center (MaLGa), Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappalone
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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7
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Molinaro G, Huber KM, McCullagh EA, Thomson SR. Editorial: Recent advances in mechanisms and therapeutics for Fragile X Syndrome and autism. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1187799. [PMID: 37266542 PMCID: PMC10230571 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1187799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Molinaro
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. McCullagh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sophie R. Thomson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Hartmann J, Henschel N, Bartmann K, Dönmez A, Brockerhoff G, Koch K, Fritsche E. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Different BrainSphere Models for Use in Neurotoxicity Testing on Microelectrode Arrays. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091270. [PMID: 37174670 PMCID: PMC10177384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently accepted methods for neurotoxicity (NT) testing rely on animal studies. However, high costs and low testing throughput hinder their application for large numbers of chemicals. To overcome these limitations, in vitro methods are currently being developed based on human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) that allow higher testing throughput at lower costs. We applied six different protocols to generate 3D BrainSphere models for acute NT evaluation. These include three different media for 2D neural induction and two media for subsequent 3D differentiation resulting in self-organized, organotypic neuron/astrocyte microtissues. All induction protocols yielded nearly 100% NESTIN-positive hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPCs), though with different gene expression profiles concerning regional patterning. Moreover, gene expression and immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that the choice of media determines neural differentiation patterns. On the functional level, BrainSpheres exhibited different levels of electrical activity on microelectrode arrays (MEA). Spike sorting allowed BrainSphere functional characterization with the mixed cultures consisting of GABAergic, glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons. A test method for acute NT testing, the human multi-neurotransmitter receptor (hMNR) assay, was proposed to apply such MEA-based spike sorting. These models are promising tools not only in toxicology but also for drug development and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Noah Henschel
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristina Bartmann
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arif Dönmez
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Brockerhoff
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- DNTOX GmbH, Gurlittstraße 53, 40223 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Synaptic plasticity in Schizophrenia pathophysiology. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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10
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Fiksinski AM, Hoftman GD, Vorstman JAS, Bearden CE. A genetics-first approach to understanding autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:341-353. [PMID: 36192458 PMCID: PMC9812786 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing numbers of rare pathogenic genetic variants have been identified that are associated with variably elevated risks of a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes, notably including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD), and Intellectual Disability (ID). This review is organized along three main questions: First, how can we unify the exclusively descriptive basis of our current psychiatric diagnostic classification system with the recognition of an identifiable, highly penetrant genetic risk factor in an increasing proportion of patients with ASD or SSD? Second, what can be learned from studies of individuals with ASD or SSD who share a common genetic basis? And third, what accounts for the observed variable penetrance and pleiotropy of neuropsychiatric phenotypes in individuals with the same pathogenic variant? In this review, we focus on findings of clinical and preclinical studies of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). This particular variant is not only one of the most common among the increasing list of known rare pathogenic variants, but also one that benefits from a relatively long research history. Consequently, 22q11DS is an appealing model as it allows us to: (1) elucidate specific genotype-phenotype associations, (2) prospectively study behaviorally defined classifications, such as ASD or SSD, in the context of a known, well-characterized genetic basis, and (3) elucidate mechanisms underpinning variable penetrance and pleiotropy, phenomena with far-reaching ramifications for research and clinical practice. We discuss how findings from animal and in vitro studies relate to observations in human studies and can help elucidate factors, including genetic, environmental, and stochastic, that impact the expression of neuropsychiatric phenotypes in 22q11DS, and how this may inform mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental expression in the general population. We conclude with research priorities for the field, which may pave the way for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania M Fiksinski
- Department of Psychology and Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division of Mental Health, MHeNS, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gil D Hoftman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zhang K, Liao P, Wen J, Hu Z. Synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia pathophysiology. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:478-487. [PMID: 36590092 PMCID: PMC9795311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome with psychotic behavioral abnormalities and marked cognitive deficits. It is widely accepted that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. However, the etiology and pathology of the disease remain largely unexplored. Recently, the synaptopathology and the dysregulated synaptic plasticity and function have emerging as intriguing and prominent biological mechanisms of schizophrenia pathogenesis. Synaptic plasticity is the ability of neurons to change the strength of their connections in response to internal or external stimuli, which is essential for brain development and function, learning and memory, and vast majority of behavior responses relevant to psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. Here, we reviewed molecular and cellular mechanisms of the multiple forms synaptic plasticity, and the functional regulations of schizophrenia-risk factors including disease susceptible genes and environmental alterations on synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. Recent genome-wide association studies have provided fruitful findings of hundreds of risk gene variances associated with schizophrenia, thus further clarifying the role of these disease-risk genes in synaptic transmission and plasticity will be beneficial to advance our understanding of schizophrenia pathology, as well as the molecular mechanism of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Panlin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China,Correspondence to: Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine and Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Rd, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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12
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Miles KD, Doll CA. Chloride imbalance in Fragile X syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1008393. [PMID: 36312023 PMCID: PMC9596984 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1008393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental changes in ionic balance are associated with crucial hallmarks in neural circuit formation, including changes in excitation and inhibition, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Neuronal excitability is largely mediated by ionic concentrations inside and outside of the cell, and chloride (Cl-) ions are highly influential in early neurodevelopmental events. For example, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the mature central nervous system (CNS). However, during early development GABA can depolarize target neurons, and GABAergic depolarization is implicated in crucial neurodevelopmental processes. This developmental shift of GABAergic neurotransmission from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing output is induced by changes in Cl- gradients, which are generated by the relative expression of Cl- transporters Nkcc1 and Kcc2. Interestingly, the GABA polarity shift is delayed in Fragile X syndrome (FXS) models; FXS is one of the most common heritable neurodevelopmental disorders. The RNA binding protein FMRP, encoded by the gene Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein-1 (Fmr1) and absent in FXS, appears to regulate chloride transporter expression. This could dramatically influence FXS phenotypes, as the syndrome is hypothesized to be rooted in defects in neural circuit development and imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission. In this perspective, we summarize canonical Cl- transporter expression and investigate altered gene and protein expression of Nkcc1 and Kcc2 in FXS models. We then discuss interactions between Cl- transporters and neurotransmission complexes, and how these links could cause imbalances in inhibitory neurotransmission that may alter mature circuits. Finally, we highlight current therapeutic strategies and promising new directions in targeting Cl- transporter expression in FXS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Andrew Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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13
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Howes OD, Shatalina E. Integrating the Neurodevelopmental and Dopamine Hypotheses of Schizophrenia and the Role of Cortical Excitation-Inhibition Balance. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:501-513. [PMID: 36008036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the pathoetiology of schizophrenia, but they were developed in isolation. However, since they were originally proposed, there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the normal neurodevelopmental refinement of synapses and cortical excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance, as well as preclinical findings on the interrelationship between cortical and subcortical systems and new in vivo imaging and induced pluripotent stem cell evidence for lower synaptic density markers in patients with schizophrenia. Genetic advances show that schizophrenia is associated with variants linked to genes affecting GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamatergic signaling as well as neurodevelopmental processes. Moreover, in vivo studies on the effects of stress, particularly during later development, show that it leads to synaptic elimination. We review these lines of evidence as well as in vivo evidence for altered cortical E/I balance and dopaminergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. We discuss mechanisms through which frontal cortex circuitry may regulate striatal dopamine and consider how frontal E/I imbalance may cause dopaminergic dysregulation to result in psychotic symptoms. This integrated neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypothesis suggests that overpruning of synapses, potentially including glutamatergic inputs onto frontal cortical interneurons, disrupts the E/I balance and thus underlies cognitive and negative symptoms. It could also lead to disinhibition of excitatory projections from the frontal cortex and possibly other regions that regulate mesostriatal dopamine neurons, resulting in dopamine dysregulation and psychotic symptoms. Together, this explains a number of aspects of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of schizophrenia and identifies new targets for treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ekaterina Shatalina
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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14
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Nowakowski TJ, Salama SR. Cerebral Organoids as an Experimental Platform for Human Neurogenomics. Cells 2022; 11:2803. [PMID: 36139380 PMCID: PMC9496777 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex forms early in development according to a series of heritable neurodevelopmental instructions. Despite deep evolutionary conservation of the cerebral cortex and its foundational six-layered architecture, significant variations in cortical size and folding can be found across mammals, including a disproportionate expansion of the prefrontal cortex in humans. Yet our mechanistic understanding of neurodevelopmental processes is derived overwhelmingly from rodent models, which fail to capture many human-enriched features of cortical development. With the advent of pluripotent stem cells and technologies for differentiating three-dimensional cultures of neural tissue in vitro, cerebral organoids have emerged as an experimental platform that recapitulates several hallmarks of human brain development. In this review, we discuss the merits and limitations of cerebral organoids as experimental models of the developing human brain. We highlight innovations in technology development that seek to increase its fidelity to brain development in vivo and discuss recent efforts to use cerebral organoids to study regeneration and brain evolution as well as to develop neurological and neuropsychiatric disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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15
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Al-Absi AR, Thambiappa SK, Khan AR, Glerup S, Sanchez C, Landau AM, Nyengaard JR. Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model exhibits reduced binding levels of GABA A receptors and structural and functional dysregulation in the inhibitory and excitatory networks of hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 122:103769. [PMID: 35988854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion confers high risk for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Inhibitory signaling, largely regulated through GABAA receptors, is suggested to serve a multitude of brain functions that are disrupted in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We investigated the putative deficit of GABAA receptors and the potential substrates contributing to the inhibitory and excitatory dysregulations in hippocampal networks of the Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model of the 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion. The Df(h22q11)/+ mice exhibited impairments in several hippocampus-related functional domains, represented by impaired spatial memory and sensory gating functions. Autoradiography using the [3H]muscimol tracer revealed a significant reduction in GABAA receptor binding in the CA1 and CA3 subregions, together with a loss of GAD67+ interneurons in CA1 of Df(h22q11)/+ mice. Furthermore, electrophysiology recordings exhibited significantly higher neuronal activity in CA3, in response to the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, as compared with wild type mice. Density and volume of dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons were reduced and Sholl analysis also showed a reduction in the complexity of basal dendritic tree in CA1 and CA3 subregions of Df(h22q11)/+ mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that hemizygous deletion in the 22q11.2 locus leads to dysregulations in the inhibitory circuits, involving reduced binding levels of GABAA receptors, in addition to functional and structural modulations of the excitatory networks of hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Sakeerthi Kethees Thambiappa
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Ahmad Raza Khan
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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16
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Hui KK, Chater TE, Goda Y, Tanaka M. How Staying Negative Is Good for the (Adult) Brain: Maintaining Chloride Homeostasis and the GABA-Shift in Neurological Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:893111. [PMID: 35875665 PMCID: PMC9305173 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.893111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) imbalance has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. GABA neurotransmission, the principal inhibitory signal in the mature brain, is critically coupled to proper regulation of chloride homeostasis. During brain maturation, changes in the transport of chloride ions across neuronal cell membranes act to gradually change the majority of GABA signaling from excitatory to inhibitory for neuronal activation, and dysregulation of this GABA-shift likely contributes to multiple neurodevelopmental abnormalities that are associated with circuit dysfunction. Whilst traditionally viewed as a phenomenon which occurs during brain development, recent evidence suggests that this GABA-shift may also be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders due to the “dematuration” of affected neurons. In this review, we will discuss the cell signaling and regulatory mechanisms underlying the GABA-shift phenomenon in the context of the latest findings in the field, in particular the role of chloride cotransporters NKCC1 and KCC2, and furthermore how these regulatory processes are altered in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. We will also explore the interactions between GABAergic interneurons and other cell types in the developing brain that may influence the GABA-shift. Finally, with a greater understanding of how the GABA-shift is altered in pathological conditions, we will briefly outline recent progress on targeting NKCC1 and KCC2 as a therapeutic strategy against neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with improper chloride homeostasis and GABA-shift abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K. Hui
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Kelvin K. Hui,
| | - Thomas E. Chater
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Thomas E. Chater,
| | - Yukiko Goda
- Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- Synapse Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
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17
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Hu X, Khanzada S, Klütsch D, Calegari F, Amin H. Implementation of biohybrid olfactory bulb on a high-density CMOS-chip to reveal large-scale spatiotemporal circuit information. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113834. [PMID: 34852985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale multi-site biosensors are essential to probe the olfactory bulb (OB) circuitry for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of simultaneous discharge patterns. Current ex-vivo biosensing techniques are limited to recording a small set of neurons and cannot provide an adequate resolution, which hinders revealing the fast dynamic underlying the information coding mechanisms in the OB circuit. Here, we demonstrate a novel biohybrid OB-CMOS biosensing platform to decipher the cross-scale dynamics of the OB electrogenesis and quantify the distinct neuronal coding properties. The approach with 4096-microelectrodes offers a non-invasive, label-free, bioelectrical imaging to decode simultaneous firing patterns from thousands of connected neuronal ensembles in acute OB slices. The platform can measure spontaneous and drug-induced extracellular field potential activity with substantially improved spatiotemporal resolution over conventional OB-based biosensors. Also, we employ our OB-CMOS recordings to perform multidimensional analysis to instantiate specific neurophysiological metrics underlying the olfactory spatiotemporal coding that emerged from the OB interconnected layers. Our results delineate the computational implications of large-scale activity patterns in functional olfactory processing. The systematic interplay of the experimental CMOS-base platform architecture and the high-content characterization of the olfactory circuit with various computational analyses endow significant functional interrogations of the OB information processing, high-spatiotemporal connectivity mapping, and global circuit dynamics. Thus, our study can inspire the design of advanced biomimetic olfactory-based biosensors and neuromorphic approaches for diagnostic biomarkers and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Shahrukh Khanzada
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Klütsch
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hayder Amin
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics Laboratory, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Kalemaki K, Velli A, Christodoulou O, Denaxa M, Karagogeos D, Sidiropoulou K. The Developmental Changes in Intrinsic and Synaptic Properties of Prefrontal Neurons Enhance Local Network Activity from the Second to the Third Postnatal Weeks in Mice. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3633-3650. [PMID: 34905772 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is characterized by protracted maturation. The cellular mechanisms controlling the early development of prefrontal circuits are still largely unknown. Our study delineates the developmental cellular processes in the mouse medial PFC (mPFC) during the second and the third postnatal weeks and characterizes their contribution to the changes in network activity. We show that spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) are increased, whereas spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC) are reduced from the second to the third postnatal week. Drug application suggested that the increased sEPSC frequency in mPFC at postnatal day 10 (P10) is due to depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor function. To further validate this, perforated patch-clamp recordings were obtained and the expression levels of K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) protein were examined. The reversal potential of IPSCs in response to current stimulation was significantly more depolarized at P10 than P20 while KCC2 expression is decreased. Moreover, the number of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons increases and their intrinsic electrophysiological properties significantly mature in the mPFC from P10 to P20. Using computational modeling, we show that the developmental changes in synaptic and intrinsic properties of mPFC neurons contribute to the enhanced network activity in the juvenile compared with neonatal mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kalemaki
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion GR70013, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), FORTH, Heraklion GR70013, Greece
| | - Angeliki Velli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), FORTH, Heraklion GR70013, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR70013, Greece
| | - Ourania Christodoulou
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR70013, Greece.,Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Heraklion GR70013, Greece
| | - Myrto Denaxa
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Heraklion GR70013, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion GR70013, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), FORTH, Heraklion GR70013, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Sidiropoulou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), FORTH, Heraklion GR70013, Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion GR70013, Greece
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19
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Savardi A, Borgogno M, De Vivo M, Cancedda L. Pharmacological tools to target NKCC1 in brain disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:1009-1034. [PMID: 34620512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chloride importer NKCC1 and the chloride exporter KCC2 are key regulators of neuronal chloride concentration. A defective NKCC1/KCC2 expression ratio is associated with several brain disorders. Preclinical/clinical studies have shown that NKCC1 inhibition by the United States FDA-approved diuretic bumetanide is a potential therapeutic strategy in preclinical/clinical studies of multiple neurological conditions. However, bumetanide has poor brain penetration and causes unwanted diuresis by inhibiting NKCC2 in the kidney. To overcome these issues, a growing number of studies have reported more brain-penetrating and/or selective bumetanide prodrugs, analogs, and new molecular entities. Here, we review the evidence for NKCC1 pharmacological inhibition as an effective strategy to manage neurological disorders. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of bumetanide repurposing and the benefits and risks of new NKCC1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Savardi
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy; Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Borgogno
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Toritsuka M, Yoshino H, Makinodan M, Ikawa D, Kimoto S, Yamamuro K, Okamura K, Akamatsu W, Okada Y, Matsumoto T, Hashimoto K, Ogawa Y, Saito Y, Watanabe K, Aoki C, Takada R, Fukami SI, Hamano-Iwasa K, Okano H, Kishimoto T. Developmental dysregulation of excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA-polarity switch may underlie schizophrenia pathology: A monozygotic-twin discordant case analysis in human iPS cell-derived neurons. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105179. [PMID: 34500023 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder, but the molecular mechanisms leading to its initiation or progression remain unclear. To elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we used an in vitro neuronal cell culture model involving human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from a monozygotic-twin discordant schizophrenia pair. The cultured neurons differentiated from hiPSCs were composed of a mixture of glutamatergic excitatory neurons and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory neurons. In the electrophysiological analysis, a different pattern of spontaneous neuronal activity was observed under the condition without any stimulants. The frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs) was significantly higher in the hiPSC-derived neurons of the patient with schizophrenia than in the control sibling at day-in-vitro 30. However, the synaptic formation was not different between the patient with schizophrenia and the control sibling during the same culture period. To explain underlying mechanisms of higher excitability of presynaptic cells, we focused on the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2, which contributes to excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA polarity switch in developing neurons. We also revealed the altered expression pattern of KCC2 in hiPSC-derived neurons from the patient with schizophrenia, which could contribute to understanding the pathology of schizophrenia in the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan; Sakai Municipal Mental Health Center, 4-3-1 Asahigaoka-naka-machi, Sakai-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 590-0808, Japan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Neurology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tenri Hospital Shirakawa Branch, 604 Iwaya-cho, Tenri, Nara, 632-0003, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Chieko Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Takada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kaori Hamano-Iwasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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21
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Soni A, Klütsch D, Hu X, Houtman J, Rund N, McCloskey A, Mertens J, Schafer ST, Amin H, Toda T. Improved Method for Efficient Generation of Functional Neurons from Murine Neural Progenitor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1894. [PMID: 34440662 PMCID: PMC8392300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal culture was used to investigate neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions. Despite its inevitability, primary neuronal culture remained a gold standard method that requires laborious preparation, intensive training, and animal resources. To circumvent the shortfalls of primary neuronal preparations and efficiently give rise to functional neurons, we combine a neural stem cell culture method with a direct cell type-conversion approach. The lucidity of this method enables the efficient preparation of functional neurons from mouse neural progenitor cells on demand. We demonstrate that induced neurons (NPC-iNs) by this method make synaptic connections, elicit neuronal activity-dependent cellular responses, and develop functional neuronal networks. This method will provide a concise platform for functional neuronal assessments. This indeed offers a perspective for using these characterized neuronal networks for investigating plasticity mechanisms, drug screening assays, and probing the molecular and biophysical basis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Soni
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Diana Klütsch
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics (BIONICS), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Hu
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics (BIONICS), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (X.H.)
| | - Judith Houtman
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicole Rund
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Asako McCloskey
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria;
| | - Simon T. Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Hayder Amin
- Biohybrid Neuroelectronics (BIONICS), German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.K.); (X.H.)
| | - Tomohisa Toda
- Nuclear Architecture in Neural Plasticity and Aging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.S.); (J.H.); (N.R.)
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22
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Forsyth JK, Mennigen E, Lin A, Sun D, Vajdi A, Kushan-Wells L, Ching CRK, Villalon-Reina JE, Thompson PM, Bearden CE. Prioritizing Genetic Contributors to Cortical Alterations in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Using Imaging Transcriptomics. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3285-3298. [PMID: 33638978 PMCID: PMC8196250 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) results from a hemizygous deletion that typically spans 46 protein-coding genes and is associated with widespread alterations in brain morphology. The specific genetic mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. In the 22q11.2 ENIGMA Working Group, we characterized cortical alterations in individuals with 22q11DS (n = 232) versus healthy individuals (n = 290) and conducted spatial convergence analyses using gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to prioritize individual genes that may contribute to altered surface area (SA) and cortical thickness (CT) in 22q11DS. Total SA was reduced in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = -1.04), with prominent reductions in midline posterior and lateral association regions. Mean CT was thicker in 22q11DS (Z-score deviance = +0.64), with focal thinning in a subset of regions. Regional expression of DGCR8 was robustly associated with regional severity of SA deviance in 22q11DS; AIFM3 was also associated with SA deviance. Conversely, P2RX6 was associated with CT deviance. Exploratory analysis of gene targets of microRNAs previously identified as down-regulated due to DGCR8 deficiency suggested that DGCR8 haploinsufficiency may contribute to altered corticogenesis in 22q11DS by disrupting cell cycle modulation. These findings demonstrate the utility of combining neuroanatomic and transcriptomic datasets to derive molecular insights into complex, multigene copy number variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Eva Mennigen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Julio E Villalon-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Parrini M, Naskar S, Alberti M, Colombi I, Morelli G, Rocchi A, Nanni M, Piccardi F, Charles S, Ronzitti G, Mingozzi F, Contestabile A, Cancedda L. Restoring neuronal chloride homeostasis with anti-NKCC1 gene therapy rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3072-3092. [PMID: 34058387 PMCID: PMC8531145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A common feature of diverse brain disorders is the alteration of GABA-mediated inhibition because of aberrant, intracellular chloride homeostasis induced by changes in the expression and/or function of chloride transporters. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the chloride importer NKCC1 is able to rescue brain-related core deficits in animal models of these pathologies and in some human clinical studies. Here, we show that reducing NKCC1 expression by RNA interference in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) restores intracellular chloride concentration, efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition, and neuronal network dynamics in vitro and ex vivo. Importantly, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated, neuron-specific NKCC1 knockdown in vivo rescues cognitive deficits in diverse behavioral tasks in Ts65Dn animals. Our results highlight a mechanistic link between NKCC1 expression and behavioral abnormalities in DS mice and establish a molecular target for new therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, to treat brain disorders characterized by neuronal chloride imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Parrini
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Shovan Naskar
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Micol Alberti
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colombi
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morelli
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Rocchi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marina Nanni
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Piccardi
- Animal Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Severine Charles
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Giuseppe Ronzitti
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; Paris-Saclay University, University Evry, Inserm, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Andrea Contestabile
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Brain Development and Disease Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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24
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Cutarelli A, Martínez-Rojas VA, Tata A, Battistella I, Rossi D, Arosio D, Musio C, Conti L. A Monolayer System for the Efficient Generation of Motor Neuron Progenitors and Functional Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051127. [PMID: 34066970 PMCID: PMC8151197 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the conversion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into motor neurons (MNs) have opened to the generation of patient-derived in vitro systems that can be exploited for MN disease modelling. However, the lack of simplified and consistent protocols and the fact that hiPSC-derived MNs are often functionally immature yet limit the opportunity to fully take advantage of this technology, especially in research aimed at revealing the disease phenotypes that are manifested in functionally mature cells. In this study, we present a robust, optimized monolayer procedure to rapidly convert hiPSCs into enriched populations of motor neuron progenitor cells (MNPCs) that can be further amplified to produce a large number of cells to cover many experimental needs. These MNPCs can be efficiently differentiated towards mature MNs exhibiting functional electrical and pharmacological neuronal properties. Finally, we report that MN cultures can be long-term maintained, thus offering the opportunity to study degenerative phenomena associated with pathologies involving MNs and their functional, networked activity. These results indicate that our optimized procedure enables the efficient and robust generation of large quantities of MNPCs and functional MNs, providing a valid tool for MNs disease modelling and for drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cutarelli
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Vladimir A. Martínez-Rojas
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alice Tata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Ingrid Battistella
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Daniele Arosio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Musio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR) & LabSSAH, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy; (V.A.M.-R.); (D.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.C.); (A.T.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0461-285216
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25
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Peerboom C, Wierenga CJ. The postnatal GABA shift: A developmental perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:179-192. [PMID: 33549742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that counterbalances excitation in the mature brain. The inhibitory action of GABA relies on the inflow of chloride ions (Cl-), which hyperpolarizes the neuron. In early development, GABA signaling induces outward Cl- currents and is depolarizing. The postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA is a pivotal event in brain development and its timing affects brain function throughout life. Altered timing of the postnatal GABA shift is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we argue that the postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA represents the final shift in a sequence of GABA shifts, regulating proliferation, migration, differentiation, and finally plasticity of developing neurons. Each developmental GABA shift ensures that the instructive role of GABA matches the circumstances of the developing network. Sensory input may be a crucial factor in determining proper timing of the postnatal GABA shift. A developmental perspective is necessary to interpret the full consequences of a mismatch between connectivity, activity and GABA signaling during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn Peerboom
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Xu H, Fame RM, Sadegh C, Sutin J, Naranjo C, Della Syau, Cui J, Shipley FB, Vernon A, Gao F, Zhang Y, Holtzman MJ, Heiman M, Warf BC, Lin PY, Lehtinen MK. Choroid plexus NKCC1 mediates cerebrospinal fluid clearance during mouse early postnatal development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:447. [PMID: 33469018 PMCID: PMC7815709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides vital support for the brain. Abnormal CSF accumulation, such as hydrocephalus, can negatively affect perinatal neurodevelopment. The mechanisms regulating CSF clearance during the postnatal critical period are unclear. Here, we show that CSF K+, accompanied by water, is cleared through the choroid plexus (ChP) during mouse early postnatal development. We report that, at this developmental stage, the ChP showed increased ATP production and increased expression of ATP-dependent K+ transporters, particularly the Na+, K+, Cl-, and water cotransporter NKCC1. Overexpression of NKCC1 in the ChP resulted in increased CSF K+ clearance, increased cerebral compliance, and reduced circulating CSF in the brain without changes in intracranial pressure in mice. Moreover, ChP-specific NKCC1 overexpression in an obstructive hydrocephalus mouse model resulted in reduced ventriculomegaly. Collectively, our results implicate NKCC1 in regulating CSF K+ clearance through the ChP in the critical period during postnatal neurodevelopment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Sadegh
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jason Sutin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Naranjo
- Summer Honors Undergraduate Research Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Della Syau
- Summer Honors Undergraduate Research Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Frederick B Shipley
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Amanda Vernon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Bioinformatics Resource Center in the Beckman Institute at Caltech, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Myriam Heiman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin C Warf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pei-Yi Lin
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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27
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Environmental regulation of the chloride transporter KCC2: switching inflammation off to switch the GABA on? Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:349. [PMID: 33060559 PMCID: PMC7562743 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloride homeostasis, the main determinant factor for the dynamic tuning of GABAergic inhibition during development, has emerged as a key element altered in a wide variety of brain disorders. Accordingly, developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down syndrome, epilepsy, and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) have been associated with alterations in the expression of genes codifying for either of the two cotransporters involved in the excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA switch, KCC2 and NKCC1. These alterations can result from environmental insults, including prenatal stress and maternal separation which share, as common molecular denominator, the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review we report and systemize recent research articles indicating that different perinatal environmental perturbations affect the expression of chloride transporters, delaying the developmental switch of GABA signaling, and that inflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin 1β, may represent a key causal factor for this phenomenon. Based on literature data, we provide therefore a unifying conceptual framework, linking environmental hits with the excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA switch in the context of brain developmental disorders.
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28
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Lee M, Liu YC, Chen C, Lu CH, Lu ST, Huang TN, Hsu MT, Hsueh YP, Cheng PL. Ecm29-mediated proteasomal distribution modulates excitatory GABA responses in the developing brain. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133566. [PMID: 31910261 PMCID: PMC7041676 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal GABAergic responses switch from excitatory to inhibitory at an early postnatal period in rodents. The timing of this switch is controlled by intracellular Cl− concentrations, but factors determining local levels of cation-chloride cotransporters remain elusive. Here, we report that local abundance of the chloride importer NKCC1 and timely emergence of GABAergic inhibition are modulated by proteasome distribution, which is mediated through interactions of proteasomes with the adaptor Ecm29 and the axon initial segment (AIS) scaffold protein ankyrin G. Mechanistically, both the Ecm29 N-terminal domain and an intact AIS structure are required for transport and tethering of proteasomes in the AIS region. In mice, Ecm29 knockout (KO) in neurons increases the density of NKCC1 protein in the AIS region, a change that positively correlates with a delay in the GABAergic response switch. Phenotypically, Ecm29 KO mice showed increased firing frequency of action potentials at early postnatal ages and were hypersusceptible to chemically induced convulsive seizures. Finally, Ecm29 KO neurons exhibited accelerated AIS developmental positioning, reflecting a perturbed AIS morphological plastic response to hyperexcitability arising from proteasome inhibition, a phenotype rescued by ectopic Ecm29 expression or NKCC1 inhibition. Together, our findings support the idea that neuronal maturation requires regulation of proteasomal distribution controlled by Ecm29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huan Lu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Tzu Lu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Nan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tsung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Scheyer AF, Borsoi M, Wager-Miller J, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Murphy MN, Mackie K, Manzoni OJJ. Cannabinoid Exposure via Lactation in Rats Disrupts Perinatal Programming of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Trajectory and Select Early-Life Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:666-677. [PMID: 31653479 PMCID: PMC7056509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis usage is increasing with its widespread legalization. Cannabis use by mothers during lactation transfers active cannabinoids to the developing offspring during this critical period and alters postnatal neurodevelopment. A key neurodevelopmental landmark is the excitatory to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) switch caused by reciprocal changes in expression ratios of the K+/Cl- transporters potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and sodium-potassium-chloride transporter (NKCC1). METHODS Rat dams were treated with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or a synthetic cannabinoid during the first 10 days of postnatal development, and experiments were then conducted in the offspring exposed to these drugs via lactation. The network influence of GABA transmission was analyzed using cell-attached recordings. KCC2 and NKCC1 levels were determined using Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. Ultrasonic vocalization and homing behavioral experiments were carried out at relevant time points. RESULTS Treating rat dams with cannabinoids during early lactation retards transcriptional upregulation and expression of KCC2, thereby delaying the GABA switch in pups of both sexes. This perturbed trajectory was corrected by the NKCC1 antagonist bumetanide and accompanied by alterations in ultrasonic vocalization without changes in homing behavior. Neurobehavioral deficits were prevented by CB1 receptor antagonism during maternal exposure, showing that the CB1 receptor underlies the cannabinoid-induced alterations. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal how perinatal cannabinoid exposure retards an early milestone of development, delaying the trajectory of GABA's polarity transition and altering early-life communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Scheyer
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University
| | - Milene Borsoi
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University
| | - Jim Wager-Miller
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Service de Psychiatrie, CHU Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Service de Médecine Légale, CHU Timone-Adultes, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Michelle N Murphy
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ken Mackie
- Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
| | - Olivier J J Manzoni
- Institut de neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1249, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Cannalab, Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University.
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30
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Maternal inflammation has a profound effect on cortical interneuron development in a stage and subtype-specific manner. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2313-2329. [PMID: 31595033 PMCID: PMC7515848 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe infections during pregnancy are one of the major risk factors for cognitive impairment in the offspring. It has been suggested that maternal inflammation leads to dysfunction of cortical GABAergic interneurons that in turn underlies cognitive impairment of the affected offspring. However, the evidence comes largely from studies of adult or mature brains and how the impairment of inhibitory circuits arises upon maternal inflammation is unknown. Here we show that maternal inflammation affects multiple steps of cortical GABAergic interneuron development, i.e., proliferation of precursor cells, migration and positioning of neuroblasts, as well as neuronal maturation. Importantly, the development of distinct subtypes of cortical GABAergic interneurons was discretely impaired as a result of maternal inflammation. This translated into a reduction in cell numbers, redistribution across cortical regions and layers, and changes in morphology and cellular properties. Furthermore, selective vulnerability of GABAergic interneuron subtypes was associated with the stage of brain development. Thus, we propose that maternally derived insults have developmental stage-dependent effects, which contribute to the complex etiology of cognitive impairment in the affected offspring.
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31
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Imbriglio T, Verhaeghe R, Martinello K, Pascarelli MT, Chece G, Bucci D, Notartomaso S, Quattromani M, Mascio G, Scalabrì F, Simeone A, Maccari S, Del Percio C, Wieloch T, Fucile S, Babiloni C, Battaglia G, Limatola C, Nicoletti F, Cannella M. Developmental abnormalities in cortical GABAergic system in mice lacking mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors. FASEB J 2019; 33:14204-14220. [PMID: 31665922 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901093rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of the gene encoding for metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) are linked to schizophrenia. Because abnormalities of cortical GABAergic interneurons lie at the core of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, we examined whether mGlu3 receptors influence the developmental trajectory of cortical GABAergic transmission in the postnatal life. mGlu3-/- mice showed robust changes in the expression of interneuron-related genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), including large reductions in the expression of parvalbumin (PV) and the GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors. The number of cortical cells enwrapped by perineuronal nets was increased in mGlu3-/- mice, suggesting that mGlu3 receptors shape the temporal window of plasticity of PV+ interneurons. Electrophysiological measurements of GABAA receptor-mediated responses revealed a more depolarized reversal potential of GABA currents in the somata of PFC pyramidal neurons in mGlu3-/- mice at postnatal d 9 associated with a reduced expression of the K+/Cl- symporter. Finally, adult mGlu3-/- mice showed lower power in electroencephalographic rhythms at 1-45 Hz in quiet wakefulness as compared with their wild-type counterparts. These findings suggest that mGlu3 receptors have a strong impact on the development of cortical GABAergic transmission and cortical neural synchronization mechanisms corroborating the concept that genetic variants of mGlu3 receptors may predispose to psychiatric disorders.-Imbriglio, T., Verhaeghe, R., Martinello, K., Pascarelli, M. T., Chece, G., Bucci, D., Notartomaso, S., Quattromani, M., Mascio, G., Scalabrì, F., Simeone, A., Maccari, S., Del Percio, C., Wieloch, T., Fucile, S., Babiloni, C., Battaglia, G., Limatola, C., Nicoletti, F., Cannella, M. Developmental abnormalities in cortical GABAergic system in mice lacking mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Imbriglio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Remy Verhaeghe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Martinello
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pascarelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Bucci
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Serena Notartomaso
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Miriana Quattromani
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giada Mascio
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Scalabrì
- Istituto di Ricerca Biologia Molecolare (IRBM) Science Park S.p.A., Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simeone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Centro Nazionale Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- Department of Science and Medical-Surgical Biotechnology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,University of Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Oasi Research Institute - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Milena Cannella
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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32
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Nourhashemi M, Mahmoudzadeh M, Goudjil S, Kongolo G, Wallois F. Neurovascular coupling in the developing neonatal brain at rest. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:503-519. [PMID: 31600024 PMCID: PMC7268021 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is an extremely dynamic organization undergoing essential development in terms of connectivity and function. Several functional imaging investigations of the developing brain have found neurovascular coupling (NVC) patterns that contrast with those observed in adults. These discrepancies are partly due to that NVC is still developing in the neonatal brain. To characterize the vascular response to spontaneous neuronal activations, a multiscale multimodal noninvasive approach combining simultaneous electrical, hemodynamic, and metabolic recordings has been developed for preterm infants. Our results demonstrate that the immature vascular network does not adopt a unique strategy to respond to spontaneous cortical activations. NVC takes on different forms in the same preterm infant during the same recording session in response to very similar types of neural activation. This includes (a) positive stereotyped hemodynamic responses (increases in HbO, decreases in HbR together with increases in rCBF and rCMRO2), (b) negative hemodynamic responses (increases in HbR, decreases in HbO together with decreases in rCBF and rCMRO2), and (c) Increases and decreases in both HbO‐HbR and rCMRO2 together with no changes in rCBF. Age‐related NVC maturation is demonstrated in preterm infants, which can contribute to a better understanding/prevention of cerebral hemodynamic risks in these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nourhashemi
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Sabrina Goudjil
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Guy Kongolo
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Fabrice Wallois
- INSERM U 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie, CHU Sud, rue René Laennec, Amiens Cedex 1, France
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33
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Active High-Density Electrode Arrays: Technology and Applications in Neuronal Cell Cultures. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 31073940 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11135-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Active high-density electrode arrays realized with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology provide electrophysiological recordings from several thousands of closely spaced microelectrodes. This has drastically advanced the spatiotemporal recording resolution of conventional multielectrode arrays (MEAs). Thus, today's electrophysiology in neuronal cultures can exploit label-free electrical readouts from a large number of single neurons within the same network. This provides advanced capabilities to investigate the properties of self-assembling neuronal networks, to advance studies on neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental alterations associated with human brain diseases, and to develop cell culture models for testing drug- or cell-based strategies for therapies.Here, after introducing the reader to this neurotechnology, we summarize the results of different recent studies demonstrating the potential of active high-density electrode arrays for experimental applications. We also discuss ongoing and possible future research directions that might allow for moving these platforms forward for screening applications.
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Kang E, Song J, Lin Y, Park J, Lee JH, Hussani Q, Gu Y, Ge S, Li W, Hsu KS, Berninger B, Christian KM, Song H, Ming GL. Interplay between a Mental Disorder Risk Gene and Developmental Polarity Switch of GABA Action Leads to Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1419-1428.e3. [PMID: 31390557 PMCID: PMC6690484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitation-inhibition (E-I) imbalance is considered a hallmark of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. How genetic risk factors disrupt coordinated glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse formation to cause an E-I imbalance is not well understood. Here, we show that knockdown of Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a risk gene for major mental disorders, leads to E-I imbalance in mature dentate granule neurons. We found that excessive GABAergic inputs from parvalbumin-, but not somatostatin-, expressing interneurons enhance the formation of both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in immature mutant neurons. Following the switch in GABAergic signaling polarity from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing during neuronal maturation, heightened inhibition from excessive parvalbumin+ GABAergic inputs causes loss of excitatory glutamatergic synapses in mature mutant neurons, resulting in an E-I imbalance. Our findings provide insights into the developmental role of depolarizing GABA in establishing E-I balance and how it can be influenced by genetic risk factors for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchai Kang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuting Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Jaesuk Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer H Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qassim Hussani
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institute, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Center for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London SE1UL, UK
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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35
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Guo WT, Wang Y. Dgcr8 knockout approaches to understand microRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1697-1711. [PMID: 30694346 PMCID: PMC11105204 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic function of the majority of microRNAs (miRNAs) is still unknown. Uncovering the function of miRNAs is hurdled by redundancy among different miRNAs. The deletion of Dgcr8 leads to the deficiency in producing all canonical miRNAs, therefore, overcoming the redundancy issue. Dgcr8 knockout strategy has been instrumental in understanding the function of miRNAs in a variety of cells in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction about miRNAs, miRNA biogenesis pathway and the role of Dgcr8 in miRNA biogenesis. We will then summarize studies performed with Dgcr8 knockout cell models with a focus on embryonic stem cells. After that, we will summarize results from various in vivo Dgcr8 knockout models. Given significant phenotypic differences in various tissues between Dgcr8 and Dicer knockout, we will also briefly review current progresses on understanding miRNA-independent functions of miRNA biogenesis factors. Finally, we will discuss the potential use of a new strategy to stably express miRNAs in Dgcr8 knockout cells. In future, Dgcr8 knockout approaches coupled with innovations in miRNA rescue strategy may provide further insights into miRNA functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Kharod SC, Kang SK, Kadam SD. Off-Label Use of Bumetanide for Brain Disorders: An Overview. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:310. [PMID: 31068771 PMCID: PMC6491514 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bumetanide (BTN or BUM) is a FDA-approved potent loop diuretic (LD) that acts by antagonizing sodium-potassium-chloride (Na-K-Cl) cotransporters, NKCC1 (SLc12a2) and NKCC2. While NKCC1 is expressed both in the CNS and in systemic organs, NKCC2 is kidney-specific. The off-label use of BTN to modulate neuronal transmembrane Cl− gradients by blocking NKCC1 in the CNS has now been tested as an anti-seizure agent and as an intervention for neurological disorders in pre-clinical studies with varying results. BTN safety and efficacy for its off-label use has also been tested in several clinical trials for neonates, children, adolescents, and adults. It failed to meet efficacy criteria for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neonatal seizures. In contrast, positive outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), autism, and schizophrenia trials have been attributed to BTN in studies evaluating its off-label use. NKCC1 is an electroneutral neuronal Cl− importer and the dominance of NKCC1 function has been proposed as the common pathology for HIE seizures, TLE, autism, and schizophrenia. Therefore, the use of BTN to antagonize neuronal NKCC1 with the goal to lower internal Cl− levels and promote GABAergic mediated hyperpolarization has been proposed. In this review, we summarize the data and results for pre-clinical and clinical studies that have tested off-label BTN interventions and report variable outcomes. We also compare the data underlying the developmental expression profile of NKCC1 and KCC2, highlight the limitations of BTN’s brain-availability and consider its actions on non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani C Kharod
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seok Kyu Kang
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shilpa D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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37
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Wang B, Li HH, Yue XJ, Jia FY, DU L. [A review on the role of γ-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorder]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:974-978. [PMID: 30477634 PMCID: PMC7389027 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are not yet clear. Studies have shown that there are many neurotransmitter abnormalities in children with ASD, mainly involving in glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine, 5-HT and oxytocin. The imbalance of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmitters and inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmitters is closely related to the pathogenesis of ASD. Both animal model studies and clinical studies on ASD suggest that GABA signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD. This article reviews the research on the association between GABA signaling pathway and the pathogenesis of ASD to further explore the pathogenesis of ASD and provide theoretical basis for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behaviorial Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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38
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Ben-Ari Y. Oxytocin and Vasopressin, and the GABA Developmental Shift During Labor and Birth: Friends or Foes? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:254. [PMID: 30186114 PMCID: PMC6110879 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are usually associated with sociability and reduced stress for the former and antidiuretic agent associated with severe stress and pathological conditions for the latter. Both OT and AVP play major roles during labor and birth. Recent contradictory studies suggest that they might exert different roles on the GABA excitatory/inhibitory developmental shift. We reported (Tyzio et al., 2006) that at birth, OT exerts a neuro-protective action mediated by an abrupt reduction of intracellular chloride levels ([Cl-]i) that are high in utero, reinforcing GABAergic inhibition and modulating the generation of the first synchronized patterns of cortical networks. This reduction of [Cl-]i levels is abolished in rodent models of Fragile X Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders, and its restoration attenuates the severity of the pathological sequels, stressing the importance of the shift at birth (Tyzio et al., 2014). In contrast, Kaila and co-workers (Spoljaric et al., 2017) reported excitatory GABA actions before and after birth that are modulated by AVP but not by OT, challenging both the developmental shift and the roles of OT. Here, I analyze the differences between these studies and suggest that the ratio AVP/OT like that of excitatory/inhibitory GABA depend on stress and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore and Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology (IBEN), Marseille, France
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39
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Schulte JT, Wierenga CJ, Bruining H. Chloride transporters and GABA polarity in developmental, neurological and psychiatric conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:260-271. [PMID: 29729285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal chloride regulation is a determinant factor for the dynamic tuning of GABAergic inhibition during and beyond brain development. This regulation is mainly dependent on the two co-transporters K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 and Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter NKCC1, whose activity can decrease or increase neuronal chloride concentrations respectively. Altered expression and/or activity of either of these co-transporters has been associated with a wide variety of brain disorders including developmental disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia and stroke. Here, we review current knowledge on chloride transporter expression and activity regulation and highlight the intriguing potential for existing and future interventions to support chloride homeostasis across a wide range of mental disorders and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joran T Schulte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilgo Bruining
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands.
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40
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Ali Rodriguez R, Joya C, Hines RM. Common Ribs of Inhibitory Synaptic Dysfunction in the Umbrella of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:132. [PMID: 29740280 PMCID: PMC5928253 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) is an umbrella term used to group together a heterogeneous class of disorders characterized by disruption in cognition, emotion, and behavior, early in the developmental timescale. These disorders are heterogeneous, yet they share common behavioral symptomatology as well as overlapping genetic contributors, including proteins involved in the formation, specialization, and function of synaptic connections. Advances may arise from bridging the current knowledge on synapse related factors indicated from both human studies in NDD populations, and in animal models. Mounting evidence has shown a link to inhibitory synapse formation, specialization, and function among Autism, Angelman, Rett and Dravet syndromes. Inhibitory signaling is diverse, with numerous subtypes of inhibitory interneurons, phasic and tonic modes of inhibition, and the molecular and subcellular diversity of GABAA receptors. We discuss common ribs of inhibitory synapse dysfunction in the umbrella of NDD, highlighting alterations in the developmental switch to inhibitory GABA, dysregulation of neuronal activity patterns by parvalbumin-positive interneurons, and impaired tonic inhibition. Increasing our basic understanding of inhibitory synapses, and their role in NDDs is likely to produce significant therapeutic advances in behavioral symptom alleviation for interrelated NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ali Rodriguez
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Christina Joya
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Rochelle M Hines
- Neuroscience Emphasis, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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41
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Developmental excitatory-to-inhibitory GABA polarity switch is delayed in Ts65Dn mice, a genetic model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:1-8. [PMID: 29550538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of developmental abnormalities leading to intellectual disability. One notable phenomenon affecting the formation of nascent neural circuits during late developmental periods is developmental switch of GABA action from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing mode. We examined properties of this switch in DS using primary cultures and acute hippocampal slices from Ts65Dn mice, a genetic model of DS. Cultures of DIV3-DIV13 Ts65Dn and control normosomic (2 N) neurons were loaded with FURA-2 AM, and GABA action was assessed using local applications. In 2 N cultures, the number of GABA-activated cells dropped from ~100% to 20% between postnatal days 3-13 (P3-P13) reflecting the switch in GABA action polarity. In Ts65Dn cultures, the timing of this switch was delayed by 2-3 days. Next, microelectrode recordings of multi-unit activity (MUA) were performed in CA3 slices during bath application of the GABAA agonist isoguvacine. MUA frequency was increased in P8-P12 and reduced in P14-P22 slices reflecting the switch of GABA action from excitatory to inhibitory mode. The timing of this switch was delayed in Ts65Dn by approximately 2 days. Finally, frequency of giant depolarizing potentials (GDPs), a form of primordial neural activity, was significantly increased in slices from Ts65Dn pups at P12 and P14. These experimental evidences show that GABA action polarity switch is delayed in Ts65Dn model of DS, and that these changes lead to a delay in maturation of nascent neural circuits. These alterations may affect properties of neural circuits in adult animals and, therefore, represent a prospective target for pharmacotherapy of cognitive impairment in DS.
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