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Akther F, Fallahi H, Zhang J, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Evaluating thrombosis risk and patient-specific treatment strategy using an atherothrombosis-on-chip model. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2927-2943. [PMID: 38591995 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Platelets play an essential role in thrombotic processes. Recent studies suggest a direct link between increased plasma glucose, lipids, and inflammatory cytokines with platelet activation and aggregation, resulting in an increased risk of atherothrombotic events in cardiovascular patients. Antiplatelet therapies are commonly used for the primary prevention of atherosclerosis. Transitioning from a population-based strategy to patient-specific care requires a better understanding of the risks and advantages of antiplatelet therapy for individuals. This proof-of-concept study evaluates the potential to assess an individual's risk of forming atherothrombosis using a dual-channel microfluidic model emulating multiple atherogenic factors in vitro, including high glucose, high cholesterol, and inflammatory cytokines along with stenosis vessel geometry. The model shows precise sensitivity toward increased plasma glucose, cholesterol, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-treated groups in thrombus formation. An in vivo-like dose-dependent increment in platelet aggregation is observed in different treated groups, benefiting the evaluation of thrombosis risk in the individual condition. Moreover, the model could help decide the effective dosing of aspirin in multi-factorial complexities. In the high glucose-treated group, a 50 μM dose of aspirin could significantly reduce platelet aggregation, while a 100 μM dose of aspirin was required to reduce platelet aggregation in the glucose-TNF-α-treated group, which proves the model's potentiality as a tailored tool for customised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akther
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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Yu KQ, Li CF, Ye L, Song Y, Wang YH, Lin YR, Liao ST, Mei ZC, Lv L. Long Non-Coding RNA ANRIL Regulates Inflammatory Factor Expression in Ulcerative Colitis Via the miR-191-5p/SATB1 Axis. Inflammation 2024; 47:513-529. [PMID: 37985573 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, manifests with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and mucopurulent feces. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL exhibits significantly reduced expression in UC, yet its specific mechanism is unknown. This study revealed that ANRIL is involved in the progression of UC by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α via miR-191-5P/SATB1 axis. We found that in patients with UC, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly overexpressed in inflamed colon sites, whereas ANRIL was significantly under-expressed and associated with disease severity. The downregulation of ANRIL resulted in the increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-treated FHCs. ANRIL directly targeted miR-191-5p, thereby inhibiting its expression and augmenting SATB1 expression. Moreover, overexpression of miR-191-5p abolished ANRIL-mediated inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed the specific binding of miR-191-5p to ANRIL and SATB1. Furthermore, the downregulation of ANRIL promoted DSS-induced colitis in mice. Together, we provide evidence that ANRIL plays a critical role in regulating IL-6 and TNF-α expression in UC by modulating the miR-191-5p/SATB1 axis. Our study provides novel insights into progression and molecular therapeutic strategies in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qi Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chuan-Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ya Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan-Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zhe-Chuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Meli A, De Falco S, Novembrino C, Boscolo Anzoletti M, Arcadipane A, Panarello G, Occhipinti G, Grasselli G, Panigada M. The role of inflammation and antithrombin supplementation on thromboelastographic parameters during veno-venous ECMO for respiratory failure. Perfusion 2024; 39:66S-76S. [PMID: 38651578 DOI: 10.1177/02676591241237637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may act as a driver or propagator of systemic inflammation. In turn, cytokine release can modify thromboelastographic (TEG) tests which are commonly used for anticoagulation monitoring. In this context, antithrombin (AT) supplementation might further modify TEG. METHODS This is a pre-specified sub-study of the "Randomized Controlled Trial of Antithrombin Supplementation During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation" study (investigator-initiated, randomized, single-blind, two-arm trial) conducted in two Italian ECMO referral ICUs. Adult patients requiring vv-ECMO for respiratory failure and undergoing unfractioned heparin (UFH) administration were enrolled and randomized whether to receive AT supplementation. Plasma samples for cytokine assay (IL-8, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and Pro-ADM) and heparinase TEG were collected from every patient before ECMO start, 24 h and 72 h after ECMO start, before ECMO removal, and 7 days after ECMO removal or upon ICU discharge whichever happened first. AT concentration, coagulation and clinical data were collected before ECMO start and at pre-fixed time points. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled (21 treatments, 18 controls). TEG-R had a weak-to-moderate positive correlation with IL-8, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and a moderate positive correlation with Pro-ADM. TEG-ANG showed a weak negative correlation with IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α, while TEG-MA negatively correlated with IL-8, TNF-α and Pro-ADM. AT supplementation seemed to modify the association between TEG-MA and IL-8, IL-10 and Pro-ADM; conversely, AT did not affect the relationship among TEG-R or TEG-ANG and the studied cytokines. CONCLUSIONS High concentrations of systemic cytokines correlated with longer reaction times and decreased angle and amplitude at TEG, suggesting that an increase in inflammation is related with hypocoagulability as revealed by thromboelastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Meli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano De Falco
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Novembrino
- A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Boscolo Anzoletti
- A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Arcadipane
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS, UPMC, ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Panarello
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS, UPMC, ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Occhipinti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS, UPMC, ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), UPMC Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Panigada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Alkhattabi NA, Alharbi HM, Basabrain MA, Al-Zahrani MH, Alghamdi RA, Joharjy H, Khalifa R, Tarbiah NI. Studying the correlation of inflammatory cytokines to COVID-19 disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155215. [PMID: 38412656 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Extreme response of the immune system develops cytokine storm which might be crucial in the pathology of COVID-19. The research aims to evaluate the serum level of IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 in severe, mild, and pre-vaccinated one-dose COVID-19 patients and investigate their clinical value and effect in the disease development among different groups of patients. A total of 72 samples were collected 18 as healthy control and 54 from confirmed COVID-19 patients including 18 mild, 18 severe, and 18 pre-vaccinated (one dose). It was confirmed that the severe group of COVID-19 patients had the highest circulating IL-6, TNF- α, and IP-10. IL-6 level in mild and pre-vaccinated (one dose) was significantly lower than in severe. In conclusion, IL-6, TNF-α, and IP-10 are associated with the pathogenicity of COVID-19, furthermore, vaccination could help to control severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha A Alkhattabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hajer M Alharbi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad A Basabrain
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maryam H Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Husam Joharjy
- Public Health and Infection Control Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reham Khalifa
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ain Shams, Egypt.
| | - Nesrin I Tarbiah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Boarescu I, Boarescu PM, Pop RM, Bocșan IC, Gheban D, Bulboacă AE, Buzoianu AD, Bolboacă SD. Zingiber officinale Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1781. [PMID: 38339059 PMCID: PMC10855350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (p ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (p ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Boarescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, No. 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Jinshi L, Cong Y, Liang S, Dabin R, Ping Z. Cuproptosis-related genes are involved in immunodeficiency following ischemic stroke. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:321-325. [PMID: 38414482 PMCID: PMC10895967 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/182909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating studies have shown that copper has a detrimental effect in cells, and the cuproptosis-related gene signatures have been constructed as clinical tools to predict prognosis in tumors. However, the heterogeneity of cuproptosis has not been fully investigated in ischemic stroke.Methods: Here, we combined the bulk RNA-seq and single cell-RNA-seq data for stroke to investigate the role of cuproptosis in stroke. Results We identified the cuproptosis-related differentially expressed genes (CuDEGs) in ischemic stroke. Then, we tried to find the hub genes with the machine learning method and WGCNA. We highlighted four genes identified by these methods and proposed a potential diagnostic model in ischemic stroke. Conclusions Our findings revealed cuproptosis-related hub genes, which could provide useful biomarkers in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jinshi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Dabin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Ping
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Dhamija B, Marathe S, Sawant V, Basu M, Attrish D, Mukherjee D, Kumar S, Pai MGJ, Wad S, Sawant A, Nayak C, Venkatesh KV, Srivastava S, Barthel SR, Purwar R. IL-17A Orchestrates Reactive Oxygen Species/HIF1α-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming in Psoriasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:302-316. [PMID: 38019129 PMCID: PMC11100423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Immune cell-derived IL-17A is one of the key pathogenic cytokines in psoriasis, an immunometabolic disorder. Although IL-17A is an established regulator of cutaneous immune cell biology, its functional and metabolic effects on nonimmune cells of the skin, particularly keratinocytes, have not been comprehensively explored. Using multiomics profiling and systems biology-based approaches, we systematically uncover significant roles for IL-17A in the metabolic reprogramming of human primary keratinocytes (HPKs). High-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed IL-17A-dependent regulation of multiple HPK proteins and metabolites of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Systems-level MitoCore modeling using flux-balance analysis identified IL-17A-mediated increases in HPK glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and lipid uptake, which were validated using biochemical cell-based assays and stable isotope-resolved metabolomics. IL-17A treatment triggered downstream mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and HIF1α expression and resultant HPK proliferation, consistent with the observed elevation of these downstream effectors in the epidermis of patients with psoriasis. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α or reactive oxygen species reversed IL-17A-mediated glycolysis, glutaminolysis, lipid uptake, and HPK hyperproliferation. These results identify keratinocytes as important target cells of IL-17A and reveal its involvement in multiple downstream metabolic reprogramming pathways in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavuk Dhamija
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Soumitra Marathe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinanti Sawant
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Moumita Basu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Diksha Attrish
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sushant Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Siddhi Wad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhijeet Sawant
- Plastic Surgery Department, TNMC and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Chitra Nayak
- Skin and Venereal Diseases Department, TNMC and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - KV Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Zhao J, Xu X, Gao Y, Yu Y, Li C. Crosstalk between Platelets and SARS-CoV-2: Implications in Thrombo-Inflammatory Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14133. [PMID: 37762435 PMCID: PMC10531760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, causing the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, has been reported to affect platelets and cause increased thrombotic events, hinting at the possible bidirectional interactions between platelets and the virus. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the increased thrombotic events as well as altered platelet count and activity in COVID-19. Inspired by existing knowledge on platelet-pathogen interactions, we propose several potential antiviral strategies that platelets might undertake to combat SARS-CoV-2, including their abilities to internalize the virus, release bioactive molecules to interfere with viral infection, and modulate the functions of immune cells. Moreover, we discuss current and potential platelet-targeted therapeutic strategies in controlling COVID-19, including antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants, and inflammation-targeting treatments. These strategies have shown promise in clinical settings to alleviate the severity of thrombo-inflammatory complications and reduce the mortality rate among COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, an in-depth understanding of platelet-SARS-CoV-2 interactions may uncover novel mechanisms underlying severe COVID-19 complications and could provide new therapeutic avenues for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yijing Yu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Conglei Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (J.Z.); (X.X.); (Y.G.)
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9
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Aslam B, Hussain A, Bari MU, Faisal MN, Sindhu ZUD, Alonaizan R, Al-Akeel RK, Naz S, Khan RU. Anti-Pyretic, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Meloxicam and Curcumin Co-Encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles in Acute Experimental Models. Metabolites 2023; 13:935. [PMID: 37623878 PMCID: PMC10456287 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated the in vivo effects of meloxicam and curcumin co-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles in experimental acute models of pyrexia, nociception, and inflammation. Seven groups (n = 6) were designed for each investigation and pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.): the control group, meloxicam (4 mg/kg b.w.), curcumin (15 mg/kg b.w.), and equivalent content containing PLGA capped nanoparticles of meloxicam (Mlx-NP) and curcumin (Cur-NP) alone and in combination (Mlx-Cur-NP; at two doses). The results showed that PLGA encapsulation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the in vivo activities of each compound. Furthermore, co-encapsulation of meloxicam and curcumin potentiated the anti-pyretic effect on yeast-induced pyretic rats, anti-nociceptive effect on nociception induced in rats by formalin and heat, and anti-edematogenic activity in xylene-induced ear edema in rats in a dose-dependent manner. In carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats, meloxicam and curcumin co-loading (Mlx-Cur-NP) resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) inhibition of paw inflammation, reduction in TNF-α and PGE2 levels, downregulation of expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), as well as a decrease in histopathological changes and TNF-α immunoexpression in paw tissues. Moreover, Mlx-Cur-NP demonstrated noteworthy potentiation in pharmacological effects compared to free compounds and mono-compound-loaded nanoparticles. Thus, the association of meloxicam with curcumin in a biodegradable nanocarrier system could provide a promising anti-pyretic, anti-nociceptive, and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach for acute conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (B.A.); (A.H.); (M.U.B.); (M.N.F.)
| | - Asif Hussain
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (B.A.); (A.H.); (M.U.B.); (M.N.F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Bari
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (B.A.); (A.H.); (M.U.B.); (M.N.F.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (B.A.); (A.H.); (M.U.B.); (M.N.F.)
| | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Rasha Alonaizan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (R.K.A.-A.)
| | - Rasha K. Al-Akeel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (R.K.A.-A.)
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
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Guo C, Yu C, Gao W, Ren D, Zhang Y, Zheng P. A novel classifier combining G protein-coupled receptors and the tumor microenvironment is associated with survival status in glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1093263. [PMID: 37560473 PMCID: PMC10407249 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1093263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling and their correlation with tumor progression. However, the association between GPCRs and the TME in glioblastoma (GBM) remains largely unexplored. Methods: In this study, we investigated the expression profile of GPCRs in GBM using integrated data from single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk sequencing. Surgical samples obtained from meningioma and GBM patients underwent single-cell RNA sequencing to examine GPCR levels and cell-cell interactions. Tumor microenvironment (TME) score is calculated by the infiltrated immune cells with CIBERSORT. Results: Our findings revealed a predominantly increased expression of GPCRs in GBM, and demonstrated that the classification of GPCRs and TME is an independent risk factor in GBM. Patients with high GPCR expression in the tumor tissue and low TME score exhibited the worst outcomes, suggesting a potentially aggressive tumor phenotype. On the other hand, patients with low GPCR expression in the tumor tissue and high TME score showed significantly better outcomes, indicating a potentially more favorable tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the study found that T cells with high GPCR levels displayed extensive cell-cell connections with other tumor and immune cells in the single cell RNA analysis, indicating their potential involvement in immune escape. Conclusion: In conclusion, GPCRs in combination with TME classification can serve as prognostic markers for GBM. GPCRs play an essential role in tumor progression and the TME in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Grancieri M, Viana ML, de Oliveira DF, Vaz Tostes MDG, Costa Ignacchiti MD, Costa AGV, Brunoro Costa NM. Yacon ( Smallanthus sonchifolius) Flour Reduces Inflammation and Had No Effects on Oxidative Stress and Endotoxemia in Wistar Rats with Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3281. [PMID: 37513699 PMCID: PMC10383765 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer has a high worldwide incidence. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yacon flour (YF) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and endotoxemia in rats with induced colorectal cancer (CRC). The Wistar male rats were divided and kept for 8 weeks in four groups: S (basal diet, n = 10), Y (YF flour + basal diet, n = 10), C (CRC-induced control + basal diet, n = 12), CY (CRC-induced animals + YF, n = 12). CRC was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg body weight). Groups Y and CY received 7.5% of the prebiotic FOS from YF. The treatment with YF increased fecal secretory immunoglobulin A levels and decreased lipopolysaccharides, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12. However, no effect was observed on the oxidative stress by the total antioxidant capacity of plasma, anion superoxide, and nitric oxide analysis of the animals (p < 0.05). The short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed interactions with NF-κB, TLR4, iNOS, and NADPH oxidase by in silico analysis and had a correlation (by the Person analysis) with CRC markers. The yacon flour treatment reduced the inflammation in rats with induced CRC, and could be a promising food to reduce the damages caused by colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Mirelle Lomar Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniela Furtado de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Vaz Tostes
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana Drummond Costa Ignacchiti
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/N Guararema, Alegre 29500-000, ES, Brazil
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12
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Sager REH, Walker AK, Middleton FA, Robinson K, Webster MJ, Gentile K, Wong ML, Shannon Weickert C. Changes in cytokine and cytokine receptor levels during postnatal development of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:186-201. [PMID: 36958512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their traditional roles in immune cell communication, cytokines regulate brain development. Cytokines are known to influence neural cell generation, differentiation, maturation, and survival. However, most work on the role of cytokines in brain development investigates rodents or focuses on prenatal events. Here, we investigate how mRNA and protein levels of key cytokines and cytokine receptors change during postnatal development of the human prefrontal cortex. We find that most cytokine transcripts investigated (IL1B, IL18, IL6, TNF, IL13) are lowest at birth and increase between 1.5 and 5 years old. After 5 years old, transcriptional patterns proceeded in one of two directions: decreased expression in teens and young adults (IL1B, p = 0.002; and IL18, p = 0.004) or increased mean expression with maturation, particularly in teenagers (IL6, p = 0.004; TNF, p = 0.002; IL13, p < 0.001). In contrast, cytokine proteins tended to remain elevated after peaking significantly around 3 years of age (IL1B, p = 0.012; IL18, p = 0.026; IL6, p = 0.039; TNF, p < 0.001), with TNF protein being highest in teenagers. An mRNA-only analysis of cytokine receptor transcripts found that early developmental increases in cytokines were paralleled by increases in their ligand-binding receptor subunits, such as IL1R1 (p = 0.033) and IL6R (p < 0.001) transcripts. In contrast, cytokine receptor-associated signaling subunits, IL1RAP and IL6ST, did not change significantly between age groups. Of the two TNF receptors, the 'pro-death' TNFRSF1A and 'pro-survival' TNFRSF1B, only TNFRSF1B was significantly changed (p = 0.028), increasing first in toddlers and again in young adults. Finally, the cytokine inhibitor, IL13, was elevated first in toddlers (p = 0.006) and again in young adults (p = 0.053). While the mean expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) was highest in toddlers, this increase was not statistically significant. The fluctuations in cytokine expression reported here support a role for increases in specific cytokines at two different stages of human cortical development. The first is during the toddler/preschool period (IL1B, IL18, and IL13), and the other occurs at adolescence/young adult maturation (IL6, TNF and IL13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E H Sager
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of Immunopsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kate Robinson
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Karen Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Huffman JE, Nicolas J, Hahn J, Heath AS, Raffield LM, Yanek LR, Brody JA, Thibord F, Almasy L, Bartz TM, Bielak LF, Bowler RP, Carrasquilla GD, Chasman DI, Chen MH, Emmert DB, Ghanbari M, Haessle J, Hottenga JJ, Kleber ME, Le NQ, Lee J, Lewis JP, Li-Gao R, Luan J, Malmberg A, Mangino M, Marioni RE, Martinez-Perez A, Pankratz N, Polasek O, Richmond A, Rodriguez BA, Rotter JI, Steri M, Suchon P, Trompet S, Weiss S, Zare M, Auer P, Cho MH, Christofidou P, Davies G, de Geus E, Deleuze JF, Delgado GE, Ekunwe L, Faraday N, Gögele M, Greinacher A, He G, Howard T, Joshi PK, Kilpeläinen TO, Lahti J, Linneberg A, Naitza S, Noordam R, Paüls-Vergés F, Rich SS, Rosendaal FR, Rudan I, Ryan KA, Souto JC, van Rooij FJ, Wang H, Zhao W, Becker LC, Beswick A, Brown MR, Cade BE, Campbell H, Cho K, Crapo JD, Curran JE, de Maat MP, Doyle M, Elliott P, Floyd JS, Fuchsberger C, Grarup N, Guo X, Harris SE, Hou L, Kolcic I, Kooperberg C, Menni C, Nauck M, O'Connell JR, Orrù V, Psaty BM, Räikkönen K, Smith JA, Soria JM, Stott DJ, van Hylckama Vlieg A, Watkins H, Willemsen G, Wilson P, Ben-Shlomo Y, Blangero J, Boomsma D, Cox SR, Dehghan A, Eriksson JG, Fiorillo E, Fornage M, Hansen T, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Jukema JW, Kardia SL, Lange LA, März W, Mathias RA, Mitchell BD, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morange PE, Pedersen O, Pramstaller PP, Redline S, Reiner A, Ridker PM, Silverman EK, Spector TD, Völker U, Wareham N, Wilson JF, Yao J, Trégouët DA, Johnson AD, Wolberg AS, de Vries PS, Sabater-Lleal M, Morrison AC, Smith NL. Whole genome analysis of plasma fibrinogen reveals population-differentiated genetic regulators with putative liver roles. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.07.23291095. [PMID: 37398003 PMCID: PMC10312878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.23291095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified numerous regions associated with plasma fibrinogen levels in Europeans, yet missing heritability and limited inclusion of non-Europeans necessitates further studies with improved power and sensitivity. Compared with array-based genotyping, whole genome sequencing (WGS) data provides better coverage of the genome and better representation of non-European variants. To better understand the genetic landscape regulating plasma fibrinogen levels, we meta-analyzed WGS data from the NHLBI's Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program (n=32,572), with array-based genotype data from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium (n=131,340) imputed to the TOPMed or Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. We identified 18 loci that have not been identified in prior genetic studies of fibrinogen. Of these, four are driven by common variants of small effect with reported MAF at least 10% higher in African populations. Three ( SERPINA1, ZFP36L2 , and TLR10) signals contain predicted deleterious missense variants. Two loci, SOCS3 and HPN , each harbor two conditionally distinct, non-coding variants. The gene region encoding the protein chain subunits ( FGG;FGB;FGA ), contains 7 distinct signals, including one novel signal driven by rs28577061, a variant common (MAF=0.180) in African reference panels but extremely rare (MAF=0.008) in Europeans. Through phenome-wide association studies in the VA Million Veteran Program, we found associations between fibrinogen polygenic risk scores and thrombotic and inflammatory disease phenotypes, including an association with gout. Our findings demonstrate the utility of WGS to augment genetic discovery in diverse populations and offer new insights for putative mechanisms of fibrinogen regulation. Key Points Largest and most diverse genetic study of plasma fibrinogen identifies 54 regions (18 novel), housing 69 conditionally distinct variants (20 novel).Sufficient power achieved to identify signal driven by African population variant.Links to (1) liver enzyme, blood cell and lipid genetic signals, (2) liver regulatory elements, and (3) thrombotic and inflammatory disease.
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14
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Liu W, Tang J, Zhang D, Jiang X, Lu B, Yang W. Improvement of straw decomposition and rice growth through co-application of straw-decomposing inoculants and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 37158844 PMCID: PMC10169326 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growth of rice is reduced by the slow decomposition of accumulated straw, which competes with rice for soil nitrogen nutrient. In recent year, straw-decomposing inoculants (SDIs) that can accelerate straw decomposition and ammonium nitrogen (N) fertilizer that can quickly generate available N is increasingly adopted in China. However, it is still unknown whether the N demand of straw decomposition and crop growth can be simultaneously met through the co-application of SDIs and ammonium N fertilizer. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the effect of the co-application of SDIs and ammonium bicarbonate on decomposition rate of wheat straw, rice growth and rice yield over two consecutive years in rice-wheat rotation system. Compound fertilizer (A0) was used as control. The ratios of ammonium bicarbonate addition were 20% (A2), 30% (A3) and 40% (A4), respectively, without SDIs or with SDIs (IA2, IA3, IA4). Our results revealed that without SDIs, compared with A0, straw decomposition rate, rice growth and yield were improved under A2; However, under A3, rice yield was decreased due to the slow decomposition rate of straw and limited growth of rice during late growth stage. Combining SDIs and N fertilizer increased straw decomposition rate, rice growth rate and yield more than that of N fertilizer alone, especially under IA3. Compared with A0, straw decomposition rate, tiller number, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, root length, and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly increased by 16%, 8%, 27%, 12%, 17%, and 15% under IA3. Consequently, the average rice yield of IA3 was increased to 10,856 kg/ha, which was 13% and 9% higher, respectively, than of A0 and A2. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ammonium bicarbonate application alone carried a risk of nutrient deficiency during late growth stage and yield decline. Therefore, the co-application of SDIs and 30% ammonium N fertilizer substitution can be a favorable practice to simultaneously accelerate straw decomposition and increase rice crop growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Jichao Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Bilin Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterlogged Disasters and Agricultural, Use of Wetland Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural College, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road No. 88, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterlogged Disasters and Agricultural, Use of Wetland Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China.
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Sahrai H, Hemmati-Ghavshough M, Shahrabi M, Jafari-Rouhi AH, Solduzian M. Thromboprophylaxis for Coagulopathy Related to COVID-19 in Pediatrics: A Narrative Review. Paediatr Drugs 2023:10.1007/s40272-023-00566-x. [PMID: 37142896 PMCID: PMC10158690 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to harming the respiratory system, COVID-19 can affect multiple organs. Children may develop a specific complication of COVID-19 called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) which could influence the vascular system of children and cause multiple coagulopathies in the body. Information on the use of thromboprophylaxis in this condition was collected via the review of various articles. In general, different factors in immune system responses can trigger the initiation of thrombotic events. Studies have shown that starting anticoagulant prophylaxis, which contributes to decreased thrombotic events, is dependent on the patient's condition and D-dimer levels. However, further studies on pediatric populations are needed to establish the role of anticoagulants in children with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sahrai
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Shahrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Solduzian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mohd Zawawi Z, Kalyanasundram J, Mohd Zain R, Thayan R, Basri DF, Yap WB. Prospective Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in COVID-19: Prognosis, Therapeutic and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076142. [PMID: 37047115 PMCID: PMC10094668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a worldwide concern at the beginning of 2020 and has affected millions. Several previous studies revealed the impact of the imbalanced innate immune response on the progression of COVID-19 and its disease outcomes. High levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins are produced readily by innate immune cells to fight Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Nonetheless, cytokine-mediated inflammatory events are also linked to detrimental lung injury and respiratory failure, which can result in deaths among COVID-19 patients. TNF-α is amongst the early cytokines produced to mediate proinflammatory responses and enhance immune cell infiltration in response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. In COVID-19, TNF-α-mediated inflammation can cause detrimental tissue damage and gradually promotes lung fibrosis, which later results in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review, therefore, aims to deliberate the immunomodulatory roles of TNF-α in promoting inflammation and its relation with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. In addition, this review also proposes the potential of TNF-α as a biomarker for the prognosis of severe COVID-19 and its related complications and as a molecular target for anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Mohd Zawawi
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Jeevanathan Kalyanasundram
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Rozainanee Mohd Zain
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Fredalina Basri
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Wei Boon Yap
- Center for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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17
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Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Erythrocytes in a Cohort of Atopic Asthma Patients—A Pilot Study. HEMATO 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/hemato4010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases are often associated with chronic inflammation, placing patients suffering from these conditions at a higher risk of thrombosis and other complications. The pathophysiology of asthma and/or atopic asthma is also linked to chronic inflammation, which consequently may alter blood parameters including erythrocyte structure and function. Methodology: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in erythrocytes between patients with atopic asthma (n = 30) and healthy individuals (n = 30) by evaluating routine haematological parameters; structures and axial ratios of erythrocytes using light microscopy; erythrocyte membrane elasticity using atomic force microscopy; and erythrocyte ultrastructure using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The haematological findings of healthy participants and patients suffering from asthma were within normal clinical ranges together with significantly higher levels of circulating monocytes (p = 0.0066), erythrocytes (p = 0.0004), haemoglobin (p = 0.0057), and haematocrit (p = 0.0049) in asthma patients. The analysis of eosin-stained erythrocytes by light microscopy showed more echinocytes, acanthocytes, and ovalocytes compared to controls and a significant difference in axial ratios (p < 0.0001). Atomic force microscopy findings showed reduced erythrocyte membrane elasticity in asthmatic erythrocytes (p = 0.001). Ultrastructural differences in erythrocytes were visible in the asthma group compared to controls. Conclusion: Altered erythrocyte ultrastructural morphology and a significant change in the haematological profile are evident in atopic asthma and may influence common complications associated with asthma. The impact of these changes on the physiological mechanisms of coagulation and the pathophysiology of asthma needs to be further elucidated.
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18
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Gao W, Zhou Y, Li C, Liu T, Zhao H, Wang M, Wei X, Wang H, Yang J, Si N, Liang A, Bian B, Sato T. Studies on the metabolism and mechanism of acteoside in treating chronic glomerulonephritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115866. [PMID: 36332760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acteoside (ACT) is the main ingredient derived from the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa (Dihuangye). Dihuangye has the function of clearing heat, replenishing qi and activating blood, nourishing yin and tonifying kidney in traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that Dihuangye can be used to treat nephritis and ACT is a promising antinephritic agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To clarify the metabolites of ACT in biological samples and investigate the renoprotective effect and mechanism of ACT in rats with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the biotransformation of ACT in rat biological samples was clarified by quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolites were validated by urine samples in nephropathy model rats. The effect of ACT and its metabolites was evaluated by glomerular podocyte injury due to high glucose. Based on an analysis of the ingredients in vivo, the potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of CGN were investigated by using network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking. Then, the renoprotective effect and mechanism of ACT were determined in rats in a passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) model. RESULTS A total of 49 metabolites of ACT were detected and identified. Meanwhile, 21 metabolites were detected in nephropathy model rats. ACT was absorbed rapidly and transferred from the kidney, and the metabolites were eliminated via urine. The whole process lasted approximately 8 h. ACT had a significant protective effect on glomerular podocytes damaged by high glucose and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid might be the main metabolite of ACT underlying its functions in vivo. The network pharmacology and molecular docking results showed 84 ACT-CGN targets, among which MAPK1, HRAS, AKT1, EGFR, and others were a highly correlated. In the PHN rat model, ACT significantly reduced the 24-h urine protein and serum creatinine concentrations, suppressed the leukocyte CD18 expression levels, decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and tended to reduce serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. ACT significantly reduced the platelet aggregation rate and inhibited the proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes in response to the mitogen concanavalin A. Meanwhile, ACT inhibited transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin expression in renal tissues and dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages at doses ranging from 1.8 to 1330 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS ACT had therapeutic effects on PHN rats, and its mechanism might be related to the inhibition of intercellular or intercellular-matrix adhesion, suppression of inflammatory response, regulation of immune function, improvement of tissue hemodynamics and hemorheology, and relief of fibrotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Si
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Aihua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu ZY, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Jin XW, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Cellular antioxidant mechanism of mannan-oligosaccharides involving in enhancing flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1172-1182. [PMID: 36085562 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration of flesh quality has bad effects on consumer satisfaction. Therefore, effects of safe mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle were studied. A total of 540 healthy fish (215.85 ± 0.30 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg-1 ) for 60 days. This study aimed at investigating the benefits of dietary MOS on flesh quality (fatty acids, amino acids and physicochemical properties) and the protection mechanism regarding antioxidant status. RESULTS Optimal MOS could improve tenderness (27.4%), pH (5.5%) while decreasing cooking loss (16.6%) to enhance flesh quality. Meanwhile, optimal MOS improved flavor inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) of 11.8%, sweetness and umami-associated amino acid, healthy unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) of 14.9% and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) especially C20:5n-3 (15.8%) and C22:6n-3 (38.3%). Furthermore, the mechanism that MOS affected pH, tenderness and cooking loss could be partly explained by the reduced lactate, cathepsin and oxidation, respectively. The enhanced flesh quality was also associated with enhanced antioxidant ability concerning improving antioxidant enzymes activities and the corresponding transcriptional levels, which were regulated through NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Based on pH24h , cooking loss, shear force and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, C22:6n-3), optimal MOS levels for grass carp were estimated to be 442.75, 539.53, 594.73 and 539.53 mg kg-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION Dietary MOS is a promising alternative strategy to improve flesh quality of fish muscle. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
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20
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Bertho A, Iturri L, Brisebard E, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Ortiz R, Sebrie C, Jourdain L, Lamirault C, Ramasamy G, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y. Evaluation of the Role of the Immune System Response After Minibeam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:426-439. [PMID: 35985455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT) is an innovative technique that uses a spatial dose modulation. The dose distribution consists of high doses (peaks) in the path of the minibeam and low doses (valleys). The underlying biological mechanism associated with MBRT efficacy remains currently unclear and thus we investigated the potential role of the immune system after treatment with MBRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Rats bearing an orthotopic glioblastoma cell line were treated with 1 fraction of high dose conventional radiation therapy (30 Gy) or 1 fraction of the same mean dose in MBRT. Both immunocompetent (F344) and immunodeficient (Nude) rats were analyzed in survival studies. Systemic and intratumoral immune cell population changes were studied with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) 2 and 7 days after the irradiation. RESULTS The absence of response of Nude rats after MBRT suggested that T cells were key in the mode of action of MBRT. An inflammatory phenotype was observed in the blood 1 week after irradiation compared with conventional irradiation. Tumor immune cell analysis by flow cytometry showed a substantial infiltration of lymphocytes, specifically of CD8 T cells and B cells in both conventional and MBRT-treated animals. IHC revealed that MBRT induced a faster recruitment of CD8 and CD4 T cells. Animals that were cured by radiation therapy did not suffer tumor growth after reimplantation of tumoral cells, proving the long-term immunity response generated after a high dose of radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that MBRT can elicit a robust antitumor immune response in glioblastoma while avoiding the high toxicity of a high dose of conventional radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaig Bertho
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
| | - Lorea Iturri
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marjorie Juchaux
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Cristèle Gilbert
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ramon Ortiz
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Sebrie
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIOMAPS Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Laurene Jourdain
- Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIOMAPS Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Charlotte Lamirault
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiotherapy (RadeXp), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Ramasamy
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiotherapy (RadeXp), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiotherapy (RadeXp), Institut Curie, PSL University, Paris, France; Inserm U1288, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie, Institut Curie, PSL University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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21
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Proteomic changes associated with maternal dietary low ω6:ω3 ratio in piglets supplemented with seaweed. Part I: Serum proteomes. J Proteomics 2023; 270:104740. [PMID: 36191802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether maternal low ω6:ω3 ratio diet and offspring SW supplementation can improve offspring immunity and performance by elucidating the effects on piglet serum proteome. A total of 16 sows were given either a standard (CR, 13:1) or low ω6:ω3 ratio diet (LR, 4:1) during pregnancy and lactation and their male weaned piglets were supplemented with SW powder (4 g/kg, SW) or not (CT) in a 21-day post-weaning (PW) diet. Four PW piglet groups were then identified based on dam and piglet treatment, namely CRCT, CRSW, LRCT, and LRSW (n = 10 each). Piglet serum collected at weaning and d21 PW were analysed (n = 5 each) using TMT-based quantitative proteomics and validated by appropriate assays. The differentially abundant proteins (n = 122) displayed positive effects of maternal LR diet on anti-inflammatory properties and innate immune stimulation. Progeny SW diet activated the innate immunity and enhance the host defence during inflammation. These data demonstrate the value of decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet to boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. SIGNIFICANCE: This novel proteomic study in post-weaned piglets addresses the interplay between maternal and offspring nutritional interventions in a context of rapid and dynamic alterations in piglet metabolic status around weaning. Decreasing ω6:ω3 ratio in maternal diet and SW supplementation in PW piglet's diet can boost their immunity and anti-inflammation properties. This study also provides new insights into piglet serum proteome regulation during post-weaning, a critical development period in swine.
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22
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Meier RP, Pendkar C, Smith D. A Rare Presentation of Tuberculosis-Related Septic Shock. Cureus 2022; 14:e32528. [PMID: 36654617 PMCID: PMC9839379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock with multi-organ dysfunction is an exceedingly rare, but known complication of untreated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection. TB-associated cases of septic shock are predominantly reported in immunocompromised patients; however, it can manifest in a healthy individual if the infection is not treated. Through the interaction of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) on the mycobacterium cell wall with antigen-presenting cells, the bacteria may be able to survive in host cells for long periods of time. Without prompt treatment, TB may cause bronchiectasis and multi-organ failure. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman with untreated TB who developed widespread bronchiectasis and septic shock.
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23
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Hemostatic Abnormalities in Gaucher Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236920. [PMID: 36498496 PMCID: PMC9735904 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited lysosomal metabolism disorder, characterized by an accumulation into lysosomes of reticuloendothelial cells, especially in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver of β-glucosylceramide and glucosyl sphingosine, which is its deacylated product. Impaired storage is responsible for a chronic inflammatory state at the sites of accumulation and together represents the pathophysiological cause of GD. GD is a progressive, multi-organ chronic disorder. Type 1 GD is the most prevalent form, with heterogeneous multisystem involvement and different severity of symptoms at any age. Hematological involvement is consistent, and a bleeding tendency is frequent, particularly at diagnosis. Several coagulation and primary hemostasis abnormalities are observed in GD. Bleeding manifestations are rarely severe and usually mucocutaneous. Post-operative, delivery, and post-partum hemorrhages are also common. Thrombocytopenia, platelet function defects, and clotting abnormalities, alone or variably associated, contribute to increase the risk of bleeding in GD. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) or substrate reduction therapy (SRT) are the two specific available treatments effective in improving typical hematological symptoms and abnormalities, including those of hemostasis. However, the use of medication to potentiate hemostasis may be also useful in defined clinical situations: recent starting of ERT/SRT, surgery, delivery, and life-threatening bleeding.
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Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Yassaghi Y, Nazerian A, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced Cytokine Storm in Multi-Organ Failure: Molecular Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Options. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109428. [PMCID: PMC9637536 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease causes severe pulmonary involvement and influences different organs, leading to a critical situation named multi-organ failure. It is yet to be fully clarified how the disease becomes so deadly in some patients. However, it is proven that a condition called “cytokine storm” is involved in the deterioration of COVID-19. Although beneficial, sustained production of cytokines and overabundance of inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm can lead to collateral vital organ damages. Furthermore, cytokine storm can cause post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), an important cause of morbidity after the acute phase of COVID-19. Herein, we aim to explain the possible pathophysiology mechanisms involved in COVID-19-related cytokine storm and its association with multi-organ failure and PCS. We also discuss the latest advances in finding the potential therapeutic targets to control cytokine storm wishing to answer unmet clinical demands for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles Associated with Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911737. [PMID: 36233038 PMCID: PMC9570253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of conventional curcumin (cC) and curcumin nanoparticles (nC) associated with diclofenac sodium (D) in experimental acute inflammation (AI) induced by carrageenan administration. Seven groups of eight randomly selected Wistar-Bratislava white rats were evaluated. One group was the control (C), and AI was induced in the other six groups. The AI group was treated with saline solution, the AID group was treated with D, the AIcC200 and AInC200 groups were treated with cC and nC, respectively, while AIcC200D and AInC200D were treated with cC and nC, respectively, both associated with D. Conventional curcumin, nC, and D were administered in a single dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. for cC and nC and 5 mg/kg b.w. for D. Association of cC or nC to D resulted in significant antinociceptive activity, and improved mechanical pressure stimulation and heat thresholds at 3, 5, 7 and 24 h (p < 0.03). The association of cC and nC with D (AIcC200D and AInC200D groups) showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) up to 2.5 times, with the best results in the group who received nC. Moreover, AInC200D presented the least severe histopathological changes with a reduced level of inflammation in the dermis and hypodermis. The combination of nC to D showed efficiency in reducing pain, inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes in acute inflammation.
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26
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Gala D, Newsome T, Roberson N, Lee SM, Thekkanal M, Shah M, Kumar V, Bandaru P, Gayam V. Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Overview. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040073. [PMID: 36278572 PMCID: PMC9589934 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestines. The underlying inflammation activates the coagulation cascade leading to an increased risk of developing arterial and venous thromboembolic events such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Patients with IBD are at a 2–3-fold increased risk of developing thromboembolism. This risk increases in patients with active IBD disease, flare-ups, surgery, steroid treatment, and hospitalization. These complications are associated with significant morbidity and mortality making them important in clinical practice. Clinicians should consider the increased risk of thromboembolic events in patients with IBD and manage them with appropriate prophylaxis based on the risk. In this review, we discuss the literature associated with the pathophysiology of thromboembolism in patients with IBD, summarize the studies describing the various thromboembolic events, and the management of thromboembolism in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhir Gala
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Taylor Newsome
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Roberson
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Soo Min Lee
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Marvel Thekkanal
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Mili Shah
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, 1 University Drive at Jordan Dr, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten, The Netherlands
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Praneeth Bandaru
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Vijay Gayam
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 DeKalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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Dichrocephala integrifolia Aqueous Extract Antagonises Chronic and Binges Ethanol Feeding-Induced Memory Dysfunctions: Insights into Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1620816. [PMID: 36110196 PMCID: PMC9470300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1620816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption is widely accepted despite its addictive properties and its mind-altering effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of Dichrocephala integrifolia against, memory impairment, on a mouse model of chronic and binges ethanol feeding. Mice were divided, into groups of 8 animals each, and received distilled water, Dichrocephala integrifolia aqueous extract (25; 50; 100; or 200 mg/kg) or memantine (200 mg/kg) once a day, while fe, with Lieber-DeCarli control (sham group only) or Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet ad libitum for 28 days. The Y maze and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were used to evaluate spatial short-term and recognition memory, respectively. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione levels, and proinflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6) were evaluated in brain homogenates following behavioral assessments. The results showed that chronic ethanol administration in mice was associated with a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the spontaneous alternation percentage and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and the NOR tests, respectively. It significantly (p < 0.01) increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers levels in the brain. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) as well as memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.001) increased the percentage of spontaneous alternation and the discrimination index, in the Y maze and NOR tests, respectively. Dichrocephala integrifolia (100 and 200 mg/kg) likewise memantine (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) alleviated ethanol-induced increase, in the brain malondialdehyde level, nitric oxide, Il-1β, TNF-α, and Il-6. From these findings, it can be concluded that Dichrocephala integrifolia counteracted memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation induced by chronic ethanol consumption in mice.
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28
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The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia–reperfusion (I–R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I–R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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Chopra D, Arens RA, Amornpairoj W, Lowes MA, Tomic-Canic M, Strbo N, Lev-Tov H, Pastar I. Innate immunity and microbial dysbiosis in hidradenitis suppurativa – vicious cycle of chronic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960488. [PMID: 35967376 PMCID: PMC9368759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with incompletely understood mechanisms of disease pathology. HS is characterized by aberrant activation of the innate immune system, resulting in activation of pathways that aim to protect against pathogenic microorganisms, and also contribute to failure to resolve inflammation. Imbalance in innate immunity is evident in deregulation of host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the complement system associated with the microbiome dysbiosis. The pathology is further complicated by ability of pathogens associated with HS to overcome host immune response. Potential roles of major AMPs, cathelicidin, defensins, dermcidin, S100 proteins, RNAse 7 and complement proteins are discussed. Dysregulated expression pattern of innate immunity components in conjunction with bacterial component of the disease warrants consideration of novel treatment approaches targeting both host immunity and pathogenic microbiome in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chopra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rachel A. Arens
- College of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Watcharee Amornpairoj
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Michelle A. Lowes
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Irena Pastar, ; Hadar Lev-Tov,
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Irena Pastar, ; Hadar Lev-Tov,
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Spinella PC, Bochicchio K, Thomas KA, Staudt A, Shea SM, Pusateri AE, Schuerer D, Levy JH, Cap AP, Bochicchio G. The risk of thromboembolic events with early intravenous 2- and 4-g bolus dosing of tranexamic acid compared to placebo in patients with severe traumatic bleeding: A secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial. Transfusion 2022; 62 Suppl 1:S139-S150. [PMID: 35765921 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for the risk of thromboembolism (TE) due to tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with severe traumatic injury has not been performed in randomized clinical trials. Our objective was to determine if TXA dose was independently-associated with thromboembolism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a single-center, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing placebo to a 2-g or 4-g intravenous TXA bolus dose in trauma patients with severe injury. We used multivariable discrete-time Cox regression models to identify associations with risk for thromboembolic events within 30 days post-enrollment. Event curves were created using discrete-time Cox regression. RESULTS There were 50 patients in the placebo group, 49 in the 2-g, and 50 in the 4-g TXA group. In adjusted analyses for thromboembolism, a 2-g dose of TXA had an hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 3.20 (1.12-9.11) (p = .029), and a 4-g dose of TXA had an HR (95% CI) of 5.33 (1.94-14.63) (p = .001). Event curves demonstrated a higher probability of thromboembolism for both doses of TXA compared to placebo. Other parameters independently associated with thromboembolism include time from injury to TXA administration, body mass index, and total blood products transfused. DISCUSSION In patients with severe traumatic injury, there was a dose-dependent increase in the risk of at least one thromboembolic event with TXA. TXA should not be withheld, but thromboembolism screening should be considered for patients receiving a dose of at least 2-g TXA intravenously for traumatic hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Spinella
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kimberly A Thomas
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda Staudt
- Clinical Research Support Branch, The Geneva Foundation, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan M Shea
- Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Douglas Schuerer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery (Cardiothoracic), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina USA, Durham, North Carolina-NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Grant Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Shapiro L, Scherger S, Franco-Paredes C, Gharamti AA, Fraulino D, Henao-Martinez AF. Chasing the Ghost: Hyperinflammation Does Not Cause Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910516. [PMID: 35814227 PMCID: PMC9260244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is infection sufficient to cause illness in the infected host, and more severe forms of sepsis can result in organ malfunction or death. Severe forms of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), or disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are examples of sepsis. Following infection, sepsis is thought to result from excessive inflammation generated in the infected host, also referred to as a cytokine storm. Sepsis can result in organ malfunction or death. Since COVID-19 is an example of sepsis, the hyperinflammation concept has influenced scientific investigation and treatment approaches to COVID-19. However, decades of laboratory study and more than 100 clinical trials designed to quell inflammation have failed to reduce sepsis mortality. We examine theoretical support underlying widespread belief that hyperinflammation or cytokine storm causes sepsis. Our analysis shows substantial weakness of the hyperinflammation approach to sepsis that includes conceptual confusion and failure to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between hyperinflammation and sepsis. We conclude that anti-inflammation approaches to sepsis therapy have little chance of future success. Therefore, anti-inflammation approaches to treat COVID-19 are likewise at high risk for failure. We find persistence of the cytokine storm concept in sepsis perplexing. Although treatment approaches based on the hyperinflammation concept of pathogenesis have failed, the concept has shown remarkable resilience and appears to be unfalsifiable. An approach to understanding this resilience is to consider the hyperinflammation or cytokine storm concept an example of a scientific paradigm. Thomas Kuhn developed the idea that paradigms generate rules of investigation that both shape and restrict scientific progress. Intrinsic features of scientific paradigms include resistance to falsification in the face of contradictory data and inability of experimentation to generate alternatives to a failing paradigm. We call for rejection of the concept that hyperinflammation or cytokine storm causes sepsis. Using the hyperinflammation or cytokine storm paradigm to guide COVID-19 treatments is likewise unlikely to provide progress. Resources should be redirected to more promising avenues of investigation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leland Shapiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Leland Shapiro,
| | - Sias Scherger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amal A. Gharamti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, Waterbury, CT, United States
| | - David Fraulino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrés F. Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Plianwong S, Kc R, Ostergaard H, Uludağ H. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production by Lipid-Substituted Low Molecular Weight Branched PEIs Used for Gene Delivery. Acta Biomater 2022; 148:279-297. [PMID: 35738388 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-modified low molecular weight branched polyethyleneimines (PEIs) are promising non-viral gene delivery systems that have been successfully explored for treatment of various diseases. The present study aims to determine in vitro safety of these delivery systems based on assessment of cytotoxicity with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), hemolysis with human red blood cells (RBC) and cytokine secretion from several sources of PBMCs. The viability of cells treated with lipopolymer/pDNA complexes was dependent on the polymer:pDNA ratio used but remained low at therapeutically relevant concentrations for most lipopolymers, except for the propionic acid substituted PEIs. The extent of hemolysis was minimal and below the accepted safety levels with most of the lipopolymers; however, some linoleic acid substituted PEIs yielded significant hemolysis activity. Unlike strong cytokine secretion from PMA/IO stimulated cells, most lipopolymer/pDNA complexes remained non-responsive, showing minimal changes in cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) irrespective of the lipopolymer/pDNA formulations. The 0.6 kDa PEI with lauric acid substituent displayed slight cytokine upregulation, however it remained low relative to the positive controls. This study demonstrated that the lipid modified LMW PEIs are expected to be safe in contact with blood components. However, close attention to lipopolymer concentration and ratio of polymer to pDNA in formulations might be required for individual lipopolymers for optimal safety response in nucleic acid therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : This manuscript investigated the safety aspects of various lipid modified low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW-PEI) polymers employed for pDNA delivery through in vitro studies. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from multiple sources, we show that the hemolysis ability was minimal for most polymers, although a particular lipid substituent (linoleic acid) at specific ratios exhibited hemolysis. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) were slightly upregulated only with a lauric acid substituted 0.6PEI, but remained low relative to positive control treatments. We further report the beneficial effect of polyacrylic acid additives on hemolysis and cytokine secretion to a reasonable extent. This study confirms the feasibility of using LMW-PEI as safe delivery agents for various therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samarwadee Plianwong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Remant Kc
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hanne Ostergaard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Bester J, Swanepoel AC, Windberger U. Editorial: Pathological Changes in Erythrocytes During Inflammation and Infection. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943114. [PMID: 35784890 PMCID: PMC9247548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Janette Bester,
| | - Albe Carina Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ursula Windberger
- Core Facility Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kalinskaya A, Dukhin O, Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Rusakovich G, Vorobyeva D, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Circulating Cytokines in Myocardial Infarction Are Associated With Coronary Blood Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837642. [PMID: 35242141 PMCID: PMC8886043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The level of systemic inflammation correlates with the severity of the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been shown that circulating cytokines and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the process of clot formation. The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of various circulating cytokines, endothelial function and blood clotting in AMI patients depending on the blood flow through the infarction-related artery (IRA). Methods We included 75 patients with AMI. 58 presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 17 had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). A flow-mediated dilation test (FMD test), thrombodynamics and rotational thromboelastometry as well as assessment of 14 serum cytokines using xMAP technology were performed. Findings Non-STEMI-patients were characterized by higher levels of MDC, MIP-1β, TNF-α. Moreover, we observed that patients with impaired blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 0-1) had higher average and initial clot growth rates, earlier onset of spontaneous clots, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 compared to patients with preserved blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 2-3). Patients with TIMI 2-3 blood flow had higher level of IP-10. IL-10 correlated with CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, initial clot growth rate and clot lysis time in TIMI 0-1 patients. All these differences were statistically significant. Interpretation We demonstrated that concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines correlate not only with the form of myocardial infarction (STEMI or non-STEMI), but also with the blood flow through the infarct-related artery. Inflammatory response, functional state of endothelium, and clot formation are closely linked with each other. A combination of these parameters affects the patency of the infarct-related artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalinskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Dukhin
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Rusakovich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Kocherlakota C, Nagaraju B, Arjun N, Srinath A, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102426. [PMID: 35381532 PMCID: PMC8964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour post-injection, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, Budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and Melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n = 3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3FA groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banda Nagaraju
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Narala Arjun
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akula Srinath
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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Nguyen TK, Niaz Z, Kruzel ML, Actor JK. Recombinant Human Lactoferrin Reduces Inflammation and Increases Fluoroquinolone Penetration to Primary Granulomas During Mycobacterial Infection of C57Bl/6 Mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:9. [PMID: 35226195 PMCID: PMC8922470 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in the primary formation of a densely packed inflammatory foci that limits entry of therapeutic agents into pulmonary sites where organisms reside. No current therapeutic regimens exist that modulate host immune responses to permit increased drug penetration to regions of pathological damage during tuberculosis disease. Lactoferrin is a natural iron-binding protein previously demonstrated to modulate inflammation and granuloma cohesiveness, while maintaining control of pathogenic burden. Studies were designed to examine recombinant human lactoferrin (rHLF) to modulate histological progression of Mtb-induced pathology in a non-necrotic model using C57Bl/6 mice. The rHLF was oral administered at times corresponding to initiation of primary granulomatous response, or during granuloma maintenance. Treatment with rHLF demonstrated significant reduction in size of primary inflammatory foci following Mtb challenge, and permitted penetration of ofloxacin fluoroquinolone therapeutic to sites of pathological disruption where activated (foamy) macrophages reside. Increased drug penetration was accompanied by retention of endothelial cell integrity. Immunohistochemistry revealed altered patterns of M1-like and M2-like phenotypic cell localization post infectious challenge, with increased presence of M2-like markers found evenly distributed throughout regions of pulmonary inflammatory foci in rHLF-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao K.T. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center – UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zainab Niaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marian L. Kruzel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Assessment of Mineralization, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Mechanisms in the Pulp of Primary Teeth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in primary teeth (PT) is commonly associated with a lower sensibility to painful stimuli, compared to permanent teeth, and usually leads to late presentation for dental treatment. Data obtained on the molecular assessments of dental pulp and clinical examinations could guide practitioners to conduct precise diagnoses and correct treatments. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the levels of several biomarkers (e.g., mineralization, oxidative stress, and inflammation) in primary teeth. The research included 46 dental pulp specimens collected from the primary teeth of children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12. The experimental groups consisted of 18 samples collected from primary teeth with acute pulpitis and 15 samples from chronically inflamed pulp tissues. The control group was represented by 13 specimens acquired from clinically healthy primary teeth. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3), osteocalcin, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the lysates. Our results revealed that all of the studied parameters presented statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increased levels in both experimental groups compared to the control samples. Furthermore, osteocalcin presented statistically significant increased concentrations in chronically- versus acute-inflamed pulp samples (p ≤ 0.05). The studied molecules may have an influential role in acute and chronic pulp inflammation in primary teeth.
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Akhter J, Khan J, Baghel M, Beg MMA, Goswami P, Afjal MA, Ahmad S, Habib H, Najmi AK, Raisuddin S. NLRP3 inflammasome in rosmarinic acid-afforded attenuation of acute kidney injury in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1313. [PMID: 35079027 PMCID: PMC8789898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a well-known anticancer drug used to effectively treat various kinds of solid tumors. CP causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and unfortunately, there is no therapeutic approach in hand to prevent AKI. Several signaling pathways are responsible for inducing AKI which leads to inflammation in proximal convoluted tubule cells in the kidney. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the CP-induced AKI. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) against inflammation-induced AKI. RA was orally administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg for two consecutive days after 24 h of a single injection of CP at the dose of 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally in Swiss albino male mice. Treatment of RA inhibited the activation of NLRP3 signaling pathway by blocking the activated caspase-1 and downstream signal molecules such as IL-1β and IL18. CP activated HMGB1-TLR4/MyD88 axis was also found to be downregulated with the RA treatment. Activation of nuclear factor-κB and elevated protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also found to be downregulated in RA-treated animals. Alteration of early tubular injury biomarker, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), was found to be subsided in RA-treated mice. RA has been earlier reported for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our findings show that blocking a critical step of inflammasome signaling pathway by RA treatment can be a novel and beneficial approach to prevent the CP-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juheb Akhter
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jasim Khan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Madhu Baghel
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Poonam Goswami
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Amir Afjal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haroon Habib
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Cryer MJ, Farhan S, Kaufmann CC, Jäger B, Garg A, Krishnan P, Mehran R, Huber K. Prothrombotic Milieu, Thrombotic Events and Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Patients: A Review. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221074353. [PMID: 35068227 PMCID: PMC8793375 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221074353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although initial reports concentrated on severe respiratory illness, emerging literature has indicated a substantially elevated risk of thromboembolic events in patients with COVID-19 disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release has been linked to endothelial dysfunction and activation of coagulation pathways, as evident by elevated D-dimer levels and deranged coagulation parameters. Both macrovascular and microvascular thromboses have been described in observational cohort and post-mortem studies. Concurrently, preliminary data have suggested the role of therapeutic anticoagulation in preventing major thromboembolic complications in moderately but not critically ill patients. However, pending results from randomized controlled trials, clear guidance is lacking regarding the intensity and duration of anticoagulation in such patients. Herein, we review the existing evidence on incidence and pathophysiology of COVID-19 related thromboembolic complications and guide anticoagulation therapy based on current literature and societal consensus statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Cryer
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tucson Medical Center/Tucson Hospitals Medical Education Program, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Serdar Farhan
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bernhard Jäger
- Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aakash Garg
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prakash Krishnan
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt Huber
- Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical School, Vienna, Austria
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40
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EMT and Inflammation: Crossroads in HCC. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:204-212. [PMID: 35020133 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is associated with several inflammatory mediators, since 90% of HCCs occur based on chronic hepatitis B or C, alcoholism or increasingly metabolic syndrome-associated inflammation. EMT is a physiological process, with coordinated changes in epithelial gene signatures and is regulated by multiple factors, including cytokines and growth factors such as TGFβ, EGF, and FGF. Recent reports propose a strong association between EMT and inflammation, which is also correlated with tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes. Cellular heterogeneity results collectively as an outcome of EMT, inflammation, and the tumor microenvironment, and it plays a fundamental role in the progression, complexity of cancer, and chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight recent developments concerning the association of EMT and inflammation in the context of HCC progression. Identifying potential EMT-related biomarkers and understanding EMT regulatory molecules will likely contribute to promising developments in clinical practice and will be a valuable tool for predicting metastasis in general and specifically in HCC.
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Ahmed S, Jacob B, Carsons SE, De Leon J, Reiss AB. Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Complex Challenge with Increased Atherosclerotic Risk. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010011. [PMID: 35056068 PMCID: PMC8778152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries significant risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Traditional ASCVD risk factors fail to account for this accelerated atherosclerosis. Shared inflammatory pathways are fundamental in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Considering the impact of RA in increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the characterization of therapies encompassing both RA and ASCVD management merit high priority. Despite little progress, several drugs discussed here promote remission and or lower rheumatoid disease activity while simultaneously conferring some level of atheroprotection. Methotrexate, a widely used disease-modifying drug used in RA, is associated with significant reduction in cardiovascular adverse events. MTX promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages, upregulates free radical scavenging and improves endothelial function. Likewise, the sulfonamide drug sulfasalazine positively impacts the lipid profile by increasing HDL-C, and its use in RA has been correlated with reduced risk of myocardial infraction. In the biologic class, inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 contribute to improvements in endothelial function and promote anti-atherogenic properties of HDL-C, respectively. The immunosuppressant hydroxychloroquine positively affects insulin sensitization and the lipid profile. While no individual therapy has elicited optimal atheroprotection, further investigation of combination therapies are ongoing.
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Brun JF, Varlet-Marie E, Myzia J, Raynaud de Mauverger E, Pretorius E. Metabolic Influences Modulating Erythrocyte Deformability and Eryptosis. Metabolites 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 35050126 PMCID: PMC8778269 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors in the surrounding environment have been reported to influence erythrocyte deformability. It is likely that some influences represent reversible changes in erythrocyte rigidity that may be involved in physiological regulation, while others represent the early stages of eryptosis, i.e., the red cell self-programmed death. For example, erythrocyte rigidification during exercise is probably a reversible physiological mechanism, while the alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) observed in pathological conditions (inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and sickle-cell disease) are more likely to lead to eryptosis. The splenic clearance of rigid erythrocytes is the major regulator of RBC deformability. The physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment (thermal injury, pH, osmolality, oxidative stress, and plasma protein profile) also play a major role. However, there are many other factors that influence RBC deformability and eryptosis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various elements and circulating molecules that might influence RBCs and modify their deformability: purinergic signaling, gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), divalent cations (magnesium, zinc, and Fe2+), lactate, ketone bodies, blood lipids, and several circulating hormones. Meal composition (caloric and carbohydrate intake) also modifies RBC deformability. Therefore, RBC deformability appears to be under the influence of many factors. This suggests that several homeostatic regulatory loops adapt the red cell rigidity to the physiological conditions in order to cope with the need for oxygen or fuel delivery to tissues. Furthermore, many conditions appear to irreversibly damage red cells, resulting in their destruction and removal from the blood. These two categories of modifications to erythrocyte deformability should thus be differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Brun
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie
- UMR CNRS 5247-Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Laboratoire du Département de Physicochimie et Biophysique, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Justine Myzia
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Eric Raynaud de Mauverger
- UMR CNRS 9214-Inserm U1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles-PHYMEDEXP, Unité D’explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Département de Physiologie Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie-CHRU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (E.R.d.M.)
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
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A Squalene-Based Nanoemulsion for Therapeutic Delivery of Resiquimod. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122060. [PMID: 34959344 PMCID: PMC8706843 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists for toll-like receptors (TLRs) have shown promising activities against cancer. In the present study, a squalene-based nanoemulsion (NE) was loaded with resiquimod, a TLR7/8 agonist for therapeutic delivery. R848 NE was developed and characterized for long-term stability. In vitro and in vivo antitumor immunity of R848 NE were also evaluated in combination with SD-101, a CpG-containing TLR9 agonist. In vitro studies demonstrated strong long-term stability and immune responses to R848 NE. When combined with SD-101, strong antitumor activity was observed in MC38 murine colon carcinoma model with over 80% tumor growth inhibition. The combination treatment showed a 4-fold increase in systemic TNFa production and a 2.6-fold increase in Cd8a expression in tumor tissues, suggesting strong cell-mediated immune responses against the tumor. The treatment not only demonstrated a strong antitumor immunity by TLR7/8 and TLR9 activations but also induced PD-L1 upregulation in tumors, suggesting a potential therapeutic synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Choi SS, Park HR, Lee KA. A Comparative Study of Rutin and Rutin Glycoside: Antioxidant Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Effect, Effect on Platelet Aggregation and Blood Coagulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111696. [PMID: 34829567 PMCID: PMC8614652 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of rutin and rutin glycoside with different solubility were compared on antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and the effects on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro and in vivo. Rutin glycoside (consisting of rutin mono-glucoside and rutin di-glucoside) was prepared via enzymatic transglycosylation from rutin. Rutin glycoside showed a higher effect than rutin on radical scavenging activity in antioxidant assays. Rutin showed a higher toxicity than rutin glycoside in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. They had similar effects on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E (PGE) 2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6) in the cells. Both rutin and rutin glycosides similarly reduced the rate of platelet aggregation compared to controls in vitro. They also similarly delayed prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in an in vitro blood coagulation test. The effect of repeated administration of rutin and rutin glycoside was evaluated in vivo using SD rats. The platelet aggregation rate of rutin and the rutin glycoside administered group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. On the other hand, PT and APTT of rutin and rutin glycoside group were not significantly delayed in vivo blood coagulation test. In conclusion, rutin and rutin glycoside showed differences in antioxidant activities in vitro, while they were similar in the reduction of NO, PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 in vitro. Rutin and rutin glycoside also showed similar platelet aggregation rates, and blood coagulation both in vitro and in vivo condition. Comparing in vitro and in vivo, rutin and rutin glycoside were effective on platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo, but only in vitro on blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01370, Korea;
| | - Hye-Ryung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Ae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Anyang University, Anyang 14028, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-5183-2101
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Inflammatory Mediators of Platelet Activation: Focus on Atherosclerosis and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011170. [PMID: 34681830 PMCID: PMC8539848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory and thrombotic state, leading to devastating complications with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Summary: In this review article, we present the available evidence regarding the impact of inflammation on platelet activation in atherosclerosis. Key messages: In the context of a dysfunctional vascular endothelium, structural alterations by means of endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability and increased levels of von Willebrand factor result in platelet activation. Moreover, neutrophil-derived mediators, as well as neutrophil extracellular traps formation, have been implicated in the process of platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines is also critical since their receptors are also situated in platelets while TNF-α has also been found to induce inflammatory, metabolic, and bone marrow changes. Additionally, important progress has been made towards novel concepts of the interaction between inflammation and platelet activation, such as the toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4. The accumulating evidence is especially important in the era of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, characterized by an excessive inflammatory burden leading to thrombotic complications, partially mediated by platelet activation. Lastly, recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapies point towards an anti-thrombotic effect secondary to diminished platelet activation.
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McNamara MC, Aykar SS, Alimoradi N, Niaraki Asli AE, Pemathilaka RL, Wrede AH, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Behavior of Neural Cells Post Manufacturing and After Prolonged Encapsulation within Conductive Graphene-Laden Alginate Microfibers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2101026. [PMID: 34626101 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering conductive 3D cell scaffoldings offer advantages toward the creation of physiologically relevant platforms with integrated real-time sensing capabilities. Dopaminergic neural cells are encapsulated into graphene-laden alginate microfibers using a microfluidic approach, which is unmatched for creating highly-tunable microfibers. Incorporating graphene increases the conductivity of the alginate microfibers by 148%, creating a similar conductivity to native brain tissue. The cell encapsulation procedure has an efficiency of 50%, and of those cells, ≈30% remain for the entire 6-day observation period. To understand how the microfluidic encapsulation affects cell genetics, tyrosine hydroxylase, tubulin beta 3 class 3, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alfa are analyzed primarily with real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and secondarily with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immediately after manufacturing, after encapsulation in polymer matrix for 6 days, and after encapsulation in the graphene-polymer composite for 6 days. Preliminary data shows that the manufacturing process and combination with alginate matrix affect the expression of the studied genes immediately after manufacturing. In addition, the introduction of graphene further changes gene expressions. Long-term encapsulation of neural cells in alginate and 6-day exposure to graphene also leads to changes in gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Saurabh S Aykar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nima Alimoradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Alex H Wrede
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Page MJ, Pretorius E. Platelet Behavior Contributes to Neuropathologies: A Focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:382-404. [PMID: 34624913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The functions of platelets are broad. Platelets function in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation and immune responses, vascular regulation, and host defense against invading pathogens, among others. These actions are achieved through the release of a wide set of coagulative, vascular, inflammatory, and other factors as well as diverse cell surface receptors involved in the same activities. As active participants in these physiological processes, platelets become involved in signaling pathways and pathological reactions that contribute to diseases that are defined by inflammation (including by pathogen-derived stimuli), vascular dysfunction, and coagulation. These diseases include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, the two most common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their unique pathological and clinical features, significant shared pathological processes exist between these two conditions, particularly relating to a central inflammatory mechanism involving both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the systemic environment, but also neurovascular dysfunction and coagulopathy, processes which also share initiation factors and receptors. This triad of dysfunction-(neuro)inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, and hypercoagulation-illustrates the important roles platelets play in neuropathology. Although some mechanisms are understudied in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, a strong case can be made for the relevance of platelets in neurodegeneration-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Page
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, South Africa
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Kupczyk D, Bilski R, Przewięźlikowski A, Studziñska R, Woźniak A. Concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with ulcers as a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:767-772. [PMID: 34849122 PMCID: PMC8610058 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.96702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficult healing of chronic wounds is a serious problem for modern medicine. It leads to ulceration, especially in conditions such as diabetic foot syndrome or chronic venous insufficiency. This may be a result of chemical, physical, thermal or biological factors, among others. Analysis of mediators and molecular factors released by the abovementioned structure helps to better understand the mechanism of healing of chronic wounds and the formation of ulcers. AIM To assess excretion of selected cytokines in patients with ulcerations as a complication of diabetes mellitus type 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventeen patients aged 68-87 took part in the assessment of wound healing in patients with ulceration in the course of diabetes mellitus type 2. The control group consisted of 21 healthy patients aged 32-62. In the blood serum bFGF, TNF-α, IL-4, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 were determined. RESULTS A significant difference was found in bFGF, IL-4, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 levels. Concentration of bFGF was 12% lower in patients with ulcers than in the non-ulcerated control group (p = 0.013). IL-4 concentration was 46% lower in patients with ulcers than in the non-ulcerated control group (p = 0.002). TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 concentrations were also lower in the group of patients with ulcers compared to those in the non-ulcerated control group. CONCLUSIONS Reduced concentrations of selected cytokines and growth factors may indicate abnormal activity of the cells that secrete them and affect the healing process of chronic wounds, hindering and delaying the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Rafał Bilski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | | | - Renata Studziñska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Sharifiaghdam Z, De Keersmaecker H, Lucas B, Lammens J, Ghanbari H, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Vervaet C, De Beer T, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophage reprogramming into a pro-healing phenotype by siRNA delivered with LBL assembled nanocomplexes for wound healing applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15445-15463. [PMID: 34505619 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses in wounds are characterized by the presence of high levels of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages rather than pro-healing M2 macrophages, which leads to delayed wound healing. Macrophage reprogramming from the M1 to M2 phenotype through knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5) has emerged as a possible therapeutic strategy. While downregulation of irf5 could be achieved by siRNA, it very much depends on successful intracellular delivery by suitable siRNA carriers. Here, we report on highly stable selenium-based layer-by-layer (LBL) nanocomplexes (NCs) for siRNA delivery with polyethyleneimine (PEI-LBL-NCs) as the final polymer layer. PEI-LBL-NCs showed good protection of siRNA with only 40% siRNA release in a buffer of pH = 8.5 after 72 h or in simulated wound fluid after 4 h. PEI-LBL-NCs also proved to be able to transfect RAW 264.7 cells with irf5-siRNA, resulting in successful reprogramming to the M2 phenotype as evidenced by a 3.4 and 2.6 times decrease in NOS-2 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, respectively. Moreover, irf5-siRNA transfected cells exhibited a 2.5 times increase of the healing mediator Arg-1 and a 64% increase in expression of the M2 cell surface marker CD206+. Incubation of fibroblast cells with conditioned medium isolated from irf5-siRNA transfected RAW 264.7 cells resulted in accelerated wound healing in an in vitro scratch assay. These results show that irf5-siRNA loaded PEI-LBL-NCs are a promising therapeutic approach to tune macrophage polarization for improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Sharifiaghdam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Lucas
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
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Veluswamy P, Wacker M, Stavridis D, Reichel T, Schmidt H, Scherner M, Wippermann J, Michels G. The SARS-CoV-2/Receptor Axis in Heart and Blood Vessels: A Crisp Update on COVID-19 Disease with Cardiovascular Complications. Viruses 2021; 13:1346. [PMID: 34372552 PMCID: PMC8310117 DOI: 10.3390/v13071346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 disease has emerged expeditiously in the world and has been declared pandemic since March 2020, by World Health Organization (WHO). The destructive effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are increased among the patients with pre-existing chronic conditions and, in particular, this review focuses on patients with underlying cardiovascular complications. The expression pattern and potential functions of SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors and the attributes of SARS-CoV-2 virus tropism in a physio-pathological state of heart and blood vessel are precisely described. Of note, the atheroprotective role of ACE2 receptors is reviewed. A detailed description of the possible detrimental role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in terms of vascular leakage, including endothelial glycocalyx dysfunction and bradykinin 1 receptor stimulation is concisely stated. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 induced clot formation in association with host defense components, including activation of FXIIa, complements and platelets, endothelial dysfunction, immune cell responses with cytokine-mediated action are well elaborated. Moreover, a brief clinical update on patient with COVID-19 disease with underlying cardiovascular complications and those who had new onset of cardiovascular complications post-COVID-19 disease was also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an overview of the mechanistic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 induced devastating effects, in vital organs such as the heart and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Veluswamy
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Max Wacker
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Dimitrios Stavridis
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Thomas Reichel
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Diabetology and Infectiology, Klinikum Magdeburg, 39130 Magdeburg, Germany; (T.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jens Wippermann
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (D.S.); (M.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Guido Michels
- Department of Acute and Emergency Care, Sankt Antonius-Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany;
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