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Lai C, Huang L, Wang Y, Huang C, Luo Y, Qin X, Zeng J. Effect of different delivery modes on intestinal microbiota and immune function of neonates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17452. [PMID: 39075163 PMCID: PMC11286838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Different delivery methods can cause variations in the composition and structure of intestinal microbiota in neonates. However, the impact of the microecological environment on host immune function requires further investigation. In this study, 75 healthy neonates were divided into two groups: vaginal delivery group (n = 36) and cesarean section group (n = 39). Fecal and peripheral blood samples were collected from the 7th to the 10th day. 16S rRNA sequencing technique was performed to investigate the gut microbiota on fecal samples. Levels of immunoglobulins and Th1 and Th2 cells in the peripheral blood of neonates were measured. The abundance of Escherichia, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides in neonates in the cesarean section group was significantly lower than that in the vaginal delivery group. Metabolic pathway analysis showed three significantly up-regulated metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiota of neonates in the cesarean section group. The levels of serum IgG and IL-12p70 in the cesarean section group were lower than those in the vaginal delivery group, and the proportion of IFN-γ/IL-4 was significantly lower in the cesarean section group compared to the vaginal delivery group. The mode of delivery has potential impact on the intestinal microbiota and immune functions of neonates, potentially leading to an imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells in neonates delivered by cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Lai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaosheng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yibing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianghui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Kim SY, Youn YA. Gut Dysbiosis in the First-Passed Meconium Microbiomes of Korean Preterm Infants Compared to Full-Term Neonates. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1271. [PMID: 39065040 PMCID: PMC11279035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since gestational age (GA) is an important factor influencing the presence of specific microbiomes, we aimed to characterize the core microbiomes of preterm infants compared to full-term (FT) infants. This study investigated the differences in microbiota composition between very preterm (VP), moderate-to-late preterm (MLP), and FT neonates by examining the core microbiomes of a large cohort of Korean neonates. Meconium samples from 310 neonates with a GA range of 22-40 weeks were collected, and 16S rRNA analyses were performed; 97 samples were obtained from the FT, 59 from the VP, and 154 from the MLP group. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the phylum-level core microbiomes. Infants born before 37 weeks showed a disruption in the core microbiomes. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was positively (r = 0.177, p = 0.002) correlated with GA, while that of Proteobacteria was negatively (r = -0.116, p = 0.040) correlated with GA. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Prevotella were positively correlated with GA (r = 0.157, p = 0.006; r = 0.160, p = 0.005). The meconium of preterm infants exhibited significantly lower α-diversities than that of FT infants. β-diversities did not appear to differ between the groups. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of GA in shaping the early gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Ah Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
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VanOrmer M, Thompson M, Thoene M, Riethoven JJ, Natarajan SK, Hanson C, Anderson-Berry A. The impact of iron supplementation on the preterm neonatal gut microbiome: A pilot study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297558. [PMID: 38381745 PMCID: PMC10880995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gastrointestinal microbiome in preterm infants exhibits significant influence on optimal outcomes-with dysbiosis shown to substantially increase the risk of the life-threatening necrotizing enterocolitis. Iron is a vital nutrient especially during the perinatal window of rapid hemoglobin production, tissue growth, and foundational neurodevelopment. However, excess colonic iron exhibits potent oxidation capacity and alters the gut microbiome-potentially facilitating the proliferation of pathological bacterial strains. Breastfed preterm infants routinely receive iron supplementation starting 14 days after delivery and are highly vulnerable to morbidities associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Therefore, we set out to determine if routine iron supplementation alters the preterm gut microbiome. METHODS After IRB approval, we collected stool specimens from 14 infants born <34 weeks gestation in the first, second, and fourth week of life to assess gut microbiome composition via 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS We observed no significant differences in either phyla or key genera relative abundance between pre- and post-iron timepoints. We observed notable shifts in infant microbiome composition based on season of delivery. CONCLUSION Though no obvious indication of iron-induced dysbiosis was observed in this unique study in the setting of prematurity, further investigation in a larger sample is warranted to fully understand iron's impact on the gastrointestinal milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Maranda Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Sasaki T, Kawamura M, Okuno C, Lau K, Riel J, Lee MJ, Miller C. Impact of Maternal Mediterranean-Type Diet Adherence on Microbiota Composition and Epigenetic Programming of Offspring. Nutrients 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 38201877 PMCID: PMC10780434 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how maternal diet affects in utero neonatal gut microbiota and epigenetic regulation may provide insight into disease origins and long-term health. The impact of Mediterranean diet pattern adherence (MDA) on fetal gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation was assessed in 33 pregnant women. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire in each trimester of pregnancy; the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score was applied. Umbilical cord blood, placental tissue, and neonatal meconium were collected from offspring. DNA methylation patterns were probed using the Illumnia EPICarray Methylation Chip in parturients with high versus low MDA. Meconium microbial abundance in the first 24 h after birth was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing and compared among neonates born to mothers with high and low aMED scores. Twenty-one mothers were classified as low MDA and 12 as high MDA. Pasteurellaceae and Bacteroidaceae trended towards greater abundance in the high-MDA group, as well as other short-chain fatty acid-producing species. Several differentially methylated regions varied between groups and overlapped gene regions including NCK2, SNED1, MTERF4, TNXB, HLA-DPB, BAG6, and LMO3. We identified a beneficial effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet on fetal in utero development. This highlights the importance of dietary counseling for mothers and can be used as a guide for future studies of meconium and immuno-epigenetic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Sasaki
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Megan Kawamura
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Chirstyn Okuno
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Kayleen Lau
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Jonathan Riel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
| | - Men-Jean Lee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
| | - Corrie Miller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
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Gong T, Zhong Y, Ding Y, Wu Q, Yao M, Yin J, Shao Y, Liu J. Growth and development of syphilis-exposed and -unexposed uninfected children during their first 18 months of life in Suzhou, China: a nested case-control study with propensity score matching. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1263324. [PMID: 38145074 PMCID: PMC10748380 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1263324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the successful implementation of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) policies, the proportion of infants with exposure to both syphilis and antibiotic medication in utero has increased in China, but there is limited evidence about the early growth and development of such infants. Methods We conducted a retrospective nested case-control study based on data from the China PMTCT program conducted in Suzhou from 2016 to 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to extract 826 syphilis-exposed but uninfected (SEU) infants and 1,652 syphilis-unexposed uninfected (SUU) infants from a total of 712,653 infants. Maternal characteristics were collected through questionnaires, such as parity, age, education level, smoking and drinking habits during pregnancy. Infantile characteristics were retrieved from medical records or via questionnaires, such as gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, Apgar scores, birth weight and length, outdoor time, vitamin D intake, and feed pattern. Mixed effects models, adjusting for potential influencing factors, were used to investigate the early infantile growth pattern of SEU and SUU infants. All statistical analysis were conducted using R (version 4.2.0). Results Length and weight were slightly higher in SEU infants than in the SUU infants at some time points (months 0 and 18 for length, p-values <0.05; months 0, 6, and 18 for weight, p < 0.05). In the mixed effects model, SEU group was found to be associated with higher weight [exponentiated beta exp.(β) = 1.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.06, 1.25], length [exp(β) = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.77], and BMI z-score [exp(β) = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.19]. Conclusion With the effective prevention of congenital syphilis under the PMTCT program, SEU infants have non-inferior growth patterns during their first 18 months of life compared with SUU controls in Suzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gong
- Suzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaling Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianlan Wu
- Suzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Suzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juning Liu
- Suzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Weng TH, Huang KY, Jhong JH, Kao HJ, Chen CH, Chen YC, Weng SL. Microbiome analysis of maternal and neonatal microbial communities associated with the different delivery modes based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:687-696. [PMID: 37678996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the rising number of cases of non-vaginal delivery worldwide, scientists have been concerned about the influence of the different delivery modes on maternal and neonatal microbiomes. Although the birth rate trend is decreasing rapidly in Taiwan, more than 30 percent of newborns are delivered by caesarean section every year. However, it remains unclear whether the different delivery modes could have a certain impact on the postpartum maternal microbiome and whether it affects the mother-to-newborn vertical transmission of bacteria at birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this, we recruited 30 mother-newborn pairs to participate in this study, including 23 pairs of vaginal delivery (VD) and seven pairs of caesarean section (CS). We here investigate the development of the maternal prenatal and postnatal microbiomes across multiple body habitats. Moreover, we also explore the early acquisition of neonatal gut microbiome through a vertical multi-body site microbiome analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results indicate that no matter the delivery mode, it only slightly affects the maternal microbiome in multiple body habitats from pregnancy to postpartum. On the other hand, about 95% of species in the meconium microbiome were derived from one of the maternal body habitats; notably, the infants born by caesarean section acquire bacterial communities resembling their mother's oral microbiome. Consequently, the delivery modes play a crucial role in the initial colonization of the neonatal gut microbiome, potentially impacting children's health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 104, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hua Jhong
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Kao
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Long Weng
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei City 112, Taiwan.
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Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, Martínez-Graciá C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236254. [PMID: 37675422 PMCID: PMC10478010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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Wang X, Shao Z, Zhu M, Li B, You M, Chen X. The correlation of the intestinal with pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1225352. [PMID: 37601350 PMCID: PMC10434775 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gut-lung axis has long been recognized as an important mechanism affecting intestinal and lung immunity. Still, few studies have examined the correlation between the intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates, especially when feeding patterns are one of the main drivers of microbiota development. Methods To explore the composition and function of intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota and to analyze the effect of limited formula feeding on the initial microbiota colonization in early full-term neonates, we characterized the stool and oropharyngeal microbiota of 20 healthy full-term newborns sampled on days 0 and 5-7 after birth using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the sequencing results, a comparison was made of the compositions and functions of the intestinal and oropharyngeal microbiota for analysis. Results and discussion At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant in both niches. At the genus level, the species of pioneer bacteria were rich in the intestine and oropharynx but low in abundance on day 0. On days 5-7, Bifidobacterium (25.40%) and Escherichia-Shigella (22.16%) were dominant in the intestine, while Streptococcus (38.40%) and Staphylococcus (23.13%) were dominant in the oropharynx. There were eight core bacteria genera in the intestine and oropharynx on days 5-7, which were Bifidobacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Rothia, and Acinetobacter. As indicated by PICRUSt analysis, on days 5-7, the intestinal microbiota was more predictive than the oropharyngeal microbiota in transcription, metabolism, cell motility, cellular processes and signaling, and organismal system function in the KEGG pathway. Compared to exclusive breastfeeding, limited formula feeding (40-60%) had no significant effect on the neonatal intestinal and oropharyngeal microbiota composition during the initial colonization period. Our results suggest that the initial colonization of microbiota is closely related to the ecological niche environment in the intestine and oropharynx, with their core microbiota being closely correlated. We found that early limited formula feeding could not significantly affect the initial colonization of microbiota in the intestine and oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Wang
- Department of Neonatal, Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Department of Neonatal, Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minrong Zhu
- Department of Neonatal, Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu You
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chang YS, Li CW, Chen L, Wang XA, Lee MS, Chao YH. Early Gut Microbiota Profile in Healthy Neonates: Microbiome Analysis of the First-Pass Meconium Using Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1260. [PMID: 37508757 PMCID: PMC10377966 DOI: 10.3390/children10071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome development during early life has significant long-term effects on health later in life. The first-pass meconium is not sterile, and it is important to know the initial founder of the subsequent gut microbiome. However, there is limited data on the microbiota profile of the first-pass meconium in healthy neonates. To determine the early gut microbiota profile, we analyzed 39 samples of the first-pass meconium from healthy neonates using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results showed a similar profile of the microbiota composition in the first-pass meconium samples. Pseudomonas was the most abundant genus in most samples. The evenness of the microbial communities in the first-pass meconium was extremely poor, and the average Shannon diversity index was 1.31. An analysis of the relationship between perinatal characteristics and the meconium microbiome revealed that primigravidae babies had a significantly higher Shannon diversity index (p = 0.041), and the Bacteroidales order was a biomarker for the first-pass meconium of these neonates. The Shannon diversity index was not affected by the mode of delivery, maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment, prolonged rupture of membranes, or birth weight. Our study extends previous research with further characterization of the gut microbiome in very early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Li
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Research and Development, AllBio Life Incorporation, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xing-An Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Sheng Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lee Women's Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Leo S, Cetiner OF, Pittet LF, Messina NL, Jakob W, Falquet L, Curtis N, Zimmermann P. Metagenomics analysis of the neonatal intestinal resistome. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1169651. [PMID: 37397142 PMCID: PMC10313230 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1169651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal microbiome forms a major reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Little is known about the neonatal intestinal resistome. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal resistome and factors that influence the abundance of ARGs in a large cohort of neonates. Methods Shotgun metagenomics was used to analyse the resistome in stool samples collected at 1 week of age from 390 healthy, term-born neonates who did not receive antibiotics. Results Overall, 913 ARGs belonging to 27 classes were identified. The most abundant ARGs were those conferring resistance to tetracyclines, quaternary ammonium compounds, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B. Phylogenetic composition was strongly associated with the resistome composition. Other factors that were associated with the abundance of ARGs were delivery mode, gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and antibiotics in the last trimester of pregnancy. Sex, ethnicity, probiotic use during pregnancy, and intrapartum antibiotics had little effect on the abundance of ARGs. Conclusion Even in the absence of direct antibiotic exposure, the neonatal intestine harbours a high abundance and a variety of ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Leo
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Omer F. Cetiner
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Laure F. Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William Jakob
- Microbiology Laboratory, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Falquet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Kozhakhmetov S, Meiirmanova Z, Mukhanbetzhanov N, Jarmukhanov Z, Vinogradova E, Mureyev S, Kozhakhmetova S, Morenko M, Shnaider K, Duisbayeva A, Kushugulova A. Compositional and functional variability of the gut microbiome in children with infantile colic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9530. [PMID: 37308527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The inconsolable crying of a child for no apparent reason at an early age is a source of excitement and anxiety for parents. Previous studies have reported that crying may be caused by discomfort associated with the occupation of the intestines of the newborn by microbiota and its vital activity. We conducted a prospective observational study in which 62 newborns and their mothers were recruited. The study comprised two groups, each consisting of 15 infants with colic and 21 controls. Colic and control groups were vaginally born and exclusively breastfed. Fecal samples from children were collected over time from day 1 to 12 months. Full metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from children and their mothers was carried out. It was determined that the trajectory of the development of the intestinal microbiome of children with colic was different from the group without colic. In the colic group, a depleted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and enrichment of Bacteroides Clostridiales was found, while the microbial biodiversity in this group was enriched. Metabolic pathway profiling showed that the non-colic group was enriched by amino acid biosynthetic pathways, while the feces microbiome of the colic group was enriched by glycolysis metabolic pathways that correlated with the Bacteroides taxon. This study shows that infantile colic has a definite relationship with the microbiome structure of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Kozhakhmetov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Zarina Meiirmanova
- Department of Children's Diseases with Courses in Allergology, Hematology and Endocrinology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Z01G6C5, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurislam Mukhanbetzhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkyn Jarmukhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Elizaveta Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Shamil Mureyev
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Marina Morenko
- Department of Children's Diseases with Courses in Allergology, Hematology and Endocrinology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Z01G6C5, Kazakhstan
| | - Kseniya Shnaider
- Department of Children's Diseases with Courses in Allergology, Hematology and Endocrinology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Z01G6C5, Kazakhstan
| | - Arailym Duisbayeva
- Department of Children's Diseases with Courses in Allergology, Hematology and Endocrinology, NJSC "Astana Medical University", Astana, Z01G6C5, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay batyr ave., Block S1, Nur-Sultan, Z05H0P9, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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12
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AIZAWA S, UEBANSO T, SHIMOHATA T, MAWATARI K, TAKAHASHI A. Effects of the loss of maternal gut microbiota before pregnancy on gut microbiota, food allergy susceptibility, and epigenetic modification on subsequent generations. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:203-212. [PMID: 37404565 PMCID: PMC10315195 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2022-093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal environments affect the health of offspring in later life. Changes in epigenetic modifications may partially explain this phenomenon. The gut microbiota is a critical environmental factor that influences epigenetic modifications of host immune cells and the development of food allergies. However, whether changes in the maternal gut microbiota affect the development of food allergies and related epigenetic modifications in subsequent generations remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of antibiotic treatment before pregnancy on the development of the gut microbiota, food allergies, and epigenetic modifications in F1 and F2 mice. We found that pre-conception antibiotic treatment affected the gut microbiota composition in F1 but not F2 offspring. F1 mice born to antibiotic-treated mothers had a lower proportion of butyric acid-producing bacteria and, consequently, a lower butyric acid concentration in their cecal contents. The methylation level in the DNA of intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes, food allergy susceptibility, and production of antigen-specific IgE in the F1 and F2 mice were not different between those born to control and antibiotic-treated mothers. In addition, F1 mice born to antibiotic-treated mothers showed increased fecal excretion related to the stress response in a novel environment. These results suggest that the maternal gut microbiota is effectively passed onto F1 offspring but has little effect on food allergy susceptibility or DNA methylation levels in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta AIZAWA
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,
Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi UEBANSO
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,
Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Microbial Control, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi,
Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takaaki SHIMOHATA
- Faculty of Marine Biosciences, Fukui Prefectural University,
1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama-shi, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Kazuaki MAWATARI
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,
Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Microbial Control, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi,
Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akira TAKAHASHI
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho,
Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Microbial Control, Institute of Biomedical
Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi,
Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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13
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Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Javanmard A, Samari M, Mohammadi N, Oroojalian F, Mokhtarzadeh A. A critical review of the recent concept of artificial mechanical uterus design in relation to the maternal microbiome: An Update to past researches. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103828. [PMID: 36796148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome in the female reproductive tract plays an essential role in immune modulation and reproductive health. However, various microbes become established during pregnancy, the balance of which plays a crucial role in embryonic development and healthy births. The contribution of disturbances in the microbiome profile to embryo health is poorly understood. A better understanding of the relationship between reproductive outcomes and the vaginal microbiota is needed to optimize the chances of healthy births. In this regards, microbiome dysbiosis refers to conditions in which the pathways of communication and balance within the normal microbiome are imbalanced due to the intrusion of pathogenic microorganisms into the reproductive system. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the natural human microbiome, with a focus on the natural uterine microbiome, mother-to-child transmission, dysbiosis, and the pattern of microbial change in pregnancy and parturition, and reviews the effects of artificial uterus probiotics during pregnancy. These effects can be studied in the sterile environment of an artificial uterus, and microbes with potential probiotic activity can be studied as a possible therapeutic approach. The artificial uterus is a technological device or biobag used as an incubator, allowing extracorporeal pregnancy. Establishing beneficial microbial communities within the artificial womb using probiotic species could modulate the immune system of both the fetus and the mother. The artificial womb could be used to select the best strains of probiotic species to fight infection with specific pathogens. Questions about the interactions and stability of the most appropriate probiotics, as well as dosage and duration of treatment, need to be answered before probiotics can be a clinical treatment in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Mahya Samari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nahid Mohammadi
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Compositional Differences of Meconium Microbiomes of Preterm and Term Infants, and Infants That Developed Necrotizing Enterocolitis or Feeding Intolerance. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010055. [PMID: 36678403 PMCID: PMC9863680 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the compositional differences of the first passed meconium microbiome in preterm and term infants, and the secondary aim was to compare the meconium microbiomes of preterm and term infants that later developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)/Feeding intolerance (FI) compared to those that did not develop NEC/FI. During the study period, a total of 108 preterm and term newborns' first passed meconium occurring within 72 hours of birth were collected and microbiome analyzed. Meconium microbiomes showed a disruption in the percentages of the core microbiome constituents in both the phylum and genus levels in infants born < 30 weeks of gestational age (GA) compared to those born ≥ 30 weeks of GA. In the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and in the genus level, Prevotella and Bacteroides, were predominant, with Prevotella accounting for 20−30% of the relative abundance. As GA increased, a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P for trend < 0.001) and decrease in Proteobacteria (P for trend = 0.049) was observed in the phylum level. In the genus level, as GA increased, Prevotella (P for trend < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P for trend = 0.002) increased significantly, whereas Enterococcus (P for trend = 0.020) decreased. Compared to the control group, the meconium of infants that later developed NEC/FI had significantly lower alpha diversities but similar beta-diversities. Furthermore, the NEC/FI group showed a significantly lower abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.001), and higher abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.034). To conclude, differences were observed in the composition of the first passed meconium in preterm and term infants that later develop NEC/FI compared to those that did not.
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15
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Chen X, Yan Z, Liu L, Zhang R, Zhang X, Peng C, Geng Y, Zhou F, Han Y, Hou X. Characteristics of gut microbiota of term small gestational age infants within 1 week and their relationship with neurodevelopment at 6 months. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912968. [PMID: 36090083 PMCID: PMC9449527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are at a higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay than infants appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Previous studies have confirmed that gut microbiota in early life influences subsequent neurodevelopment. However, few studies have reported corresponding data in SGA populations. Objective We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the gut microbiota of term SGA infants and the associations between the gut microbiota in SGA infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 months of age. Methods Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 from term SGA and AGA infants born between June 2020 and June 2021 at the Peking University First Hospital. 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the fecal microbiota. We followed up for 6 months and used the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 (ASQ-3) to evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes among SGA infants. Results A total of 162 neonates were enrolled, with 41 SGA infants (25.3%) in the study group and 121 AGA infants (74.7%) in the control group. The gut microbial diversity in the SGA group was lower than that in the AGA group on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities showed significant differences between the two groups. The SGA group had increased relative abundances of Ralstonia (3, 5, and 7 days) and Clostridium (3 and 7 days). The dominant microorganisms of the SGA group were Ralstonia on day 1, Escherichia_Shigella on days 3 and 7, and Clostridia on day 5. We found that the gut microbial diversity of SGA infants with poor communication scores was higher than that of SGA infants with good communication scores on day 3. Fine motor scores were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides_fragilis on day 1. A negative correlation was observed between gross motor scores and relative abundance of Clostridium_saccharobutylicum on day 7. Bacteroidota, Bacteroidia, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides_fragilis were the dominant microorganisms in the good communication score group on day 7. Communication scores were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides_fragilis on day 7. Conclusion The gut microbial diversity of term SGA infants was significantly lower in the first week of life than that of term AGA infants. Certain pathogenic and conditional pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia_Shigella, Ralstonia and Clostridium increased or formed the dominant microbiota in SGA infants. Alpha diversity, Bacteroidota, Bacteroides, Bacteroides_fragilis, and Clostridium_saccharobutylicum found in SGA infants may be associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 months of age, indicating possible therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
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16
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Leo S, Curtis N, Zimmermann P. The neonatal intestinal resistome and factors that influence it - a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1539-1546. [PMID: 35868586 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiome provides a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The neonatal microbiome is more susceptible to disturbance from external factors than the established microbiome. OBJECTIVES In this review, we systematically summarise studies which investigated the intestinal resistome in neonates. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included original studies which investigated ARGs in stool or rectal swabs in neonates using molecular diagnostics. METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS Two authors independently extracted data. Data was summarised in tables. RESULTS Our search identified 2,701 studies, of which 23 (22 cohorts) were included. The studies show that the neonatal intestine harbours a high abundance and variety of ARGs, even in the absence of direct antibiotic exposure. The most-commonly found ARGs confer resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines or multi-drug resistance. There is evidence that ARGs can be transferred from mothers to neonates. Interestingly, however, compared to mothers, neonates are reported to have a higher abundance of ARGs. One likely reason for this is the bacterial phylogenetic composition with a high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in neonatal stool. Factors that have been associated with a higher abundance of ARGs are intrapartum and neonatal antibiotic use. Breastfeeding and neonatal probiotic use have been associated with a lower abundance of ARGs. Antibiotics during pregnancy, delivery mode or sex are reported to have little effect. However, this might be because studies were underpowered and because it is difficult to account for effect modifiers. DISCUSSION The neonatal intestine seems to have a lower colonisation resistance, which could make it easier for antibiotic-resistant populations to establish themselves. Future studies will help in the development of evidence-based interventions to modulate the abundance of ARGs in neonates, for example, by the use of pre- and probiotics and bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Leo
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Department for Community Health, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
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17
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Xu T, Yan L, Sun B, Xu Q, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang Q, Chen N, Liu G, Chen F. Impacts of Delivery Mode and Maternal Factors on Neonatal Oral Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:915423. [PMID: 35832807 PMCID: PMC9271910 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.915423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Initial oral microbial colonization has complicatedly interacted with growth and development. The aim of our study was to discover links between oral microbiota community structure and mode of delivery, maternal factors, such as systemic diseases, abortion history, and pregnancy complications. Methods A total of 177 pregnant women and their neonates were enrolled at Peking university people's hospital. We collected oral samples, medical history, and development phenotype and used a 16S rRNA gene sequence to analyze microbial diversity at all taxonomic levels, network structure, and metabolic characteristics. Results Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota were the most predominant bacteria of neonatal oral samples among these phyla. Alpha-diversity of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), abortion history, and without immune diseases was higher than in control groups, and no significant dissimilarity in beta-diversity was observed between different maternal factors. Obvious separation or trend failed to be seen in different development phenotype groups. Besides, Oscillospirales were significantly more abundant in a natural delivery group than in the cesarean section group. Conclusion Our study indicated that maternal factors and mode of delivery influenced the oral microbial structure, but longitudinal studies were indispensable for capturing the long-term effects on neonatal development phenotype and oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihuang Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bohui Sun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jieni Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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18
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Hanachi M, Maghrebi O, Bichiou H, Trabelsi F, Bouyahia NM, Zhioua F, Belghith M, Harigua-Souiai E, Baouendi M, Guizani-Tabbane L, Benkahla A, Souiai O. Longitudinal and Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota of Tunisian Newborns According to Delivery Mode. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:780568. [PMID: 35547149 PMCID: PMC9083410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.780568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota colonization is a dynamic process that impacts the health status during an individual's lifetime. The composition of the gut microbiota of newborns is conditioned by multiple factors, including the delivery mode (DM). Nonetheless, the DM's influence remains uncertain and is still the subject of debate. In this context, the medical indication and the emergency of a cesarean delivery might have led to confounding conclusions regarding the composition and diversity of the neonatal microbiome. Herein, we used high-resolution shotgun sequencing to decipher the composition and dynamics of the gut microbiota composition of Tunisian newborns. Stool samples were collected from 5 elective cesarean section (ECS) and 5 vaginally delivered (VD) newborns at the following time points: Day 0, Day 15, and Day 30. The ECS and VD newborns showed the same level of bacterial richness and diversity. In addition, our data pointed to a shift in microbiota community composition during the first 2 weeks, regardless of the DM. Both ECS and VD showed a profile dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, ECS showed an underrepresentation of Bacteroides and an enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic species of the ESKAPE group, starting from the second week. Besides revealing the intestinal microbiota of Tunisian newborns, this study provides novel insights into the microbiota perturbations caused by ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, bioMathematics and Biostatistics—LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Maghrebi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control, and Immunobiology of Infections—LR16 IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bichiou
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules—LR16 IPT06, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ferdaous Trabelsi
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Hôpital Régional de Zaghouan, Zaghouan, Tunisia
| | - Najla Maha Bouyahia
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Aziza Othmana, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Zhioua
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Aziza Othmana, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Belghith
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control, and Immunobiology of Infections—LR16 IPT02, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Harigua-Souiai
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology—LR16IPT04, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Baouendi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, bioMathematics and Biostatistics—LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Guizani-Tabbane
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology, and Biomolecules—LR16 IPT06, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alia Benkahla
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, bioMathematics and Biostatistics—LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oussema Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, bioMathematics and Biostatistics—LR16IPT09, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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19
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Abstract
Meconium constitutes infants' first bowel movements postnatally. The consistency and microbial load of meconium are different from infant and adult stool. While recent evidence suggests that meconium is sterile in utero, rapid colonization occurs after birth. The meconium microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes, but its composition is not well described, especially in preterm infants. Here, we characterized the meconium microbiomes from 330 very preterm infants (gestational ages 28 to 32 weeks) from 15 hospitals in Germany and in fecal samples from a subset of their mothers (N = 217). Microbiome profiles were compiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with negative and positive controls. The meconium microbiome was dominated by Bifidobacterium, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus spp. and was associated with gestational age at birth and age at sample collection. Bifidobacterial abundance was negatively correlated with potentially pathogenic genera. The amount of bacterial DNA in meconium samples varied greatly across samples and was associated with the time since birth but not with gestational age or hospital site. In samples with low bacterial load, human mitochondrial sequences were highly amplified using commonly used, bacterial-targeted 16S rRNA primers. Only half of the meconium samples contained sufficient bacterial material to study the microbiome using a standard approach. To facilitate future meconium studies, we present a five-level scoring system (“MecBac”) that predicts the success of 16S rRNA bacterial sequencing for meconium samples. These findings provide a foundational characterization of an understudied portion of the human microbiome and will aid the design of future meconium microbiome studies. IMPORTANCE Meconium is present in the intestines of infants before and after birth and constitutes their first bowel movements postnatally. The consistency, composition and microbial load of meconium is largely different from infant and adult stool. While recent evidence suggests that meconium is sterile in utero, rapid colonization occurs after birth. The meconium microbiome has been associated with short-term and long-term negative health outcomes, but its composition is not yet well described, especially in preterm infants. We provide a characterization of the microbiome structure and composition of infant meconium and maternal feces from a large study cohort and propose a method to evaluate meconium samples for bacterial sequencing suitability. These findings provide a foundational characterization of an understudied portion of the human microbiome and will aid the design of future meconium microbiome studies.
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20
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Cardelli E, Calvigioni M, Vecchione A, Macera L, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Panattoni A, Pistello M, Maggi F, Ghelardi E, Mannella P. Delivery Mode Shapes the Composition of the Lower Airways Microbiota in Newborns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:808390. [PMID: 35004360 PMCID: PMC8733567 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.808390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical alterations in the human microbiota composition are well-known to be associated with many pathological conditions. If these aberrations are established at the time of birth, the risk of developing correlated pathologies throughout life is significantly increased. For this reason, all newborns should begin their lives with a proper microbiota in each body district. The present study aimed at demonstrating a correlation between the mode of delivery and the development of a well-balanced microbiota in the lower airways of newborns. 44 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Microbiological comparative analysis was carried out on tracheobronchial secretions of babies born through vaginal delivery (VD) or caesarean section (CS). All samples showed the presence of bacterial DNA, regardless of the mode of delivery. No viable cultivable bacteria were isolated from the CS samples. On the contrary, VD allowed colonization of the lower airways by alive cultivable bacteria. The identification of bacterial species revealed that Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides vulgatus were the most common microorganisms in the lower airways of vaginally-delivered newborns. Data obtained from quantitative PCRs showed a significantly higher total bacterial load, as well as Firmicutes and Lactobacillus spp. amount, in VD samples than CS ones, while no statistically significant difference was found in Torque Teno Virus (TTV) load between samples. Taken together, our findings confirm the hypothesis that passage through the maternal vaginal canal determines more beneficial colonization of the lower airways in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cardelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Macera
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Early Neonatal Meconium Does Not Have a Demonstrable Microbiota Determined through Use of Robust Negative Controls with cpn60-Based Microbiome Profiling. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0006721. [PMID: 34585952 PMCID: PMC8557823 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00067-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of bacterial DNA within meconium is often cited as evidence supporting in utero colonization. However, many studies fail to adequately control for contamination. We aimed to define the microbial content of meconium under properly controlled conditions. DNA was extracted from 141 meconium samples and subjected to cpn60-based microbiome profiling, with controls to assess contamination throughout. Total bacterial loads of neonatal meconium, infant stool, and controls were compared by 16S rRNA quantitative PCR (qPCR). Viable bacteria within meconium were cultured, and isolate clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Meconium samples did not differ significantly from controls with respect to read numbers or taxonomic composition. Twenty (14%) outliers with markedly higher read numbers were collected significantly later after birth and appeared more like transitional stool than meconium. Total bacterial loads were significantly higher in stool than in meconium, which did not differ from that of sequencing controls, and correlated well with read numbers. Cultured isolates were most frequently identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, or Escherichia coli, with PFGE indicating high intraspecies diversity. Our findings highlight the importance of robust controls in studies of low microbial biomass samples and argue against meaningful bacterial colonization in utero. Given that meconium microbiome profiles could not be distinguished from sequencing controls, and that viable bacteria within meconium appeared uncommon and largely consistent with postnatal skin colonization, there does not appear to be a meconium microbiota. IMPORTANCE Much like the recent placental microbiome controversy, studies of neonatal meconium reporting bacterial communities within the fetal and neonatal gut imply that microbial colonization begins prior to birth. However, recent work has shown that placental microbiomes almost exclusively represent contamination from lab reagents and the environment. Here, we demonstrate that prior studies of neonatal meconium are impacted by the same issue, showing that the microbial content of meconium does not differ from negative controls that have never contained any biological material. Our culture findings similarly supported this notion and largely comprised bacteria normally associated with healthy skin. Overall, our work adds to the growing body of evidence against the in utero colonization hypothesis.
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22
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Turunen J, Tejesvi MV, Paalanne N, Hekkala J, Lindgren O, Kaakinen M, Pokka T, Kaisanlahti A, Reunanen J, Tapiainen T. Presence of distinctive microbiome in the first-pass meconium of newborn infants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19449. [PMID: 34593932 PMCID: PMC8484610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We critically evaluated the fetal microbiome concept in 44 neonates with placenta, amniotic fluid, and first-pass meconium samples. Placental histology showed no signs of inflammation. Meconium samples were more often bacterial culture positive after vaginal delivery. In next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S gene, before and after removal of extracellular and PCR contaminant DNA, the median number of reads was low in placenta (48) and amniotic fluid (46) and high in meconium samples (14,556 C-section, 24,860 vaginal). In electron microscopy, meconium samples showed extracellular vesicles. Utilizing the analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) against water, meconium samples had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella. Our results did not support the existence of the placenta and amniotic fluid microbiota in healthy pregnancies. The first-pass meconium samples, formed in utero, appeared to harbor a microbiome that may be explained by perinatal colonization or intrauterine colonization via bacterial extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Turunen
- Medical Research Center and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Paalanne
- Medical Research Center and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenni Hekkala
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Lindgren
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Tytti Pokka
- Medical Research Center and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Kaisanlahti
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- Medical Research Center and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Heusler M, Einenkel R, Ehrhardt J, Muzzio DO, Zygmunt M. Low Abundance Fusobacterium Nucleatum Supports Early Pregnancy Development - An In Vitro Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698045. [PMID: 34531854 PMCID: PMC8438310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy success depends greatly on a balanced immune homeostasis. The detection of bacterial components in the upper reproductive tract in non-pregnant and pregnant women raised questions on its possible beneficial role in reproductive health. The local conditions that allow the presence of bacteria to harmonize with the establishment of pregnancy are still unknown. Among the described bacterial species in endometrial and placental samples, Fusobacterium nucleatum was found. It has been observed that F. nucleatum can induce tumorigenesis in colon carcinoma, a process that shares several features with embryo implantation. We propose that low concentrations of F. nucleatum may improve trophoblast function without exerting destructive responses. Inactivated F. nucleatum and E. coli were incubated with the trophoblastic cell lines HTR8/SVneo, BeWo, and JEG-3. Viability, proliferation, migratory capacity, invasiveness and the secretion of chemokines, other cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases were assessed. The presence of F. nucleatum significantly induced HTR8/SVneo invasion, accompanied by the secretion of soluble mediators (CXCL1, IL-6 and IL-8) and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). However, as concentrations of F. nucleatum increased, these did not improve invasiveness, hindered migration, reduced cell viability and induced alterations in the cell cycle. Part of the F. nucleatum effects on cytokine release were reverted with the addition of a TLR4 blocking antibody. Other effects correlated with the level of expression of E-cadherin on the different cell lines tested. Low amounts of F. nucleatum promote invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells and induce the secretion of important mediators for pregnancy establishment. Some effects were independent of LPS and correlated with the expression of E-cadherin on trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Heusler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rebekka Einenkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Ehrhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Damián Oscar Muzzio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Lyu L, Zhou X, Zhang M, Liu L, Niu H, Zhang J, Chen S, Gong P, Jiang S, Pan J, Li Y, Han X, Cheng D, Zhang L. Delivery Mode Affects Intestinal Microbial Composition and the Development of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626144. [PMID: 34484131 PMCID: PMC8414977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The infant's intestine contains diverse microbiota, which play an important role in an infant's health. Objective This study aimed to analyze the different intestinal microbiota and their function in two delivery modes [vaginal delivery and cesarean section (C-section)] and to investigate the proprieties of bacteria associated with vaginal delivery on the development of intestinal epithelial cells in rat pups. Materials and Methods We evaluated the intestinal microbial diversity of the stool samples of 51 infants of subjects who underwent vaginal delivery and C-section by sequencing the V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene and predicted the function of the microbiotas. The infant stool microbiota in the vaginal delivery group was associated with the digestive system and cell growth and death, whereas that of the C-section group was associated with membrane transport. Then, we isolated the strains based on function prediction. Results A total of 95 strains were isolated in the vaginal delivery group. Bifidobacterium bifidum FL-228.1 (FL-228.1) was screened and selected owing to its good surface hydrophobicity, bacterial survivability in the simulated gastrointestinal condition and adhesion ability to the IEC-6 cell line as well as owing to the development of intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that FL-228.1 exhibited favorable effects on the development of intestinal epithelial cells in rat pups. Conclusion The results of this study indicate an apparent difference in the bacterial composition of the stool samples collected from infants of the two delivery modes. By analyzing and screening the bacteria in infant stool samples, we found that one strain, i.e., B bifidum FL-228.1, exhibited favorable effects on the development of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Li Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyue Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Jiancun Pan
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dayou Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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25
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Coelho GDP, Ayres LFA, Barreto DS, Henriques BD, Prado MRMC, Passos CMD. Acquisition of microbiota according to the type of birth: an integrative review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3446. [PMID: 34287544 PMCID: PMC8294792 DOI: 10.1590/1518.8345.4466.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze scientific evidence regarding the relationship between the type of birth and the microbiota acquired by newborns. METHOD this integrative review addresses the role of the type of delivery on newborns' microbial colonization. A search was conducted in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases using the descriptors provided by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS). RESULTS infants born vaginally presented a greater concentration of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in the first days of life and more significant microbial variability in the following weeks. The microbiome of infants born via C-section is similar to the maternal skin and the hospital setting and less diverse, mainly composed of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Clostridium. CONCLUSION the maternal vaginal microbiota provides newborns with a greater variety of colonizing microorganisms responsible for boosting and preparing the immune system. Vaginal birth is the ideal birth route, and C-sections should only be performed when there are medical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno David Henriques
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Medicina e Enfermagem, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
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26
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李 颖, 吴 繁. [Enteral feeding in extremely low birth weight infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks versus ≥ 28 weeks]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:690-695. [PMID: 34266525 PMCID: PMC8292661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the condition of enteral feeding and the incidence of feeding intolerance (FI) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with a gestational age (GA) of < 28 weeks versus ≥ 28 weeks. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the ELBW infants who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, from January 2018 to January 2020. According to GA, they were divided into two groups:GA < 28 weeks (n=41) and GA ≥ 28 weeks (n=38). The two groups were compared in terms of enteral feeding and incidence rate of FI during hospitalization. RESULTS Among the 41 infants in the GA < 28 weeks group, 2 (5%) were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, while among the 38 infants in the GA ≥ 28 weeks group, 24 (63%) were SGA infants. Compared with the GA ≥ 28 weeks group, the GA < 28 weeks group had significantly longer initial and final time to full enteral feeding (P < 0.05). The GA < 28 weeks group had a significantly higher recurrence rate of FI than the GA ≥ 28 weeks group (54% vs 32%, P < 0.05). Compared with the GA < 28 weeks group, the GA ≥ 28 weeks group had a significantly lower incidence rate of FI within 1-2 weeks after birth (5% vs 29%, P < 0.05) and a significantly shorter duration of FI (P < 0.05). The ELBW infants in the GA ≥ 28 weeks group had a higher velocity of weight gain, a shorter length of hospital stay, and a lower incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but a higher incidence rate of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) than the GA < 28 weeks group at discharge (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the ELBW infants with a GA of < 28 weeks, the ELBW infants with a GA of ≥ 28 weeks have a lower recurrence rate of FI and can achieve full enteral feeding earlier, but with a higher incidence rate of EUGR, suggesting that enteral feeding needs to be more active for the ELBW infants with a GA of ≥ 28 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- 颖 李
- />广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科, 广东广州 510150Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - 繁 吴
- />广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科, 广东广州 510150Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
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27
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李 颖, 吴 繁. [Enteral feeding in extremely low birth weight infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks versus ≥ 28 weeks]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:690-695. [PMID: 34266525 PMCID: PMC8292661 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the condition of enteral feeding and the incidence of feeding intolerance (FI) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants with a gestational age (GA) of < 28 weeks versus ≥ 28 weeks. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the ELBW infants who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, from January 2018 to January 2020. According to GA, they were divided into two groups:GA < 28 weeks (n=41) and GA ≥ 28 weeks (n=38). The two groups were compared in terms of enteral feeding and incidence rate of FI during hospitalization. RESULTS Among the 41 infants in the GA < 28 weeks group, 2 (5%) were small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, while among the 38 infants in the GA ≥ 28 weeks group, 24 (63%) were SGA infants. Compared with the GA ≥ 28 weeks group, the GA < 28 weeks group had significantly longer initial and final time to full enteral feeding (P < 0.05). The GA < 28 weeks group had a significantly higher recurrence rate of FI than the GA ≥ 28 weeks group (54% vs 32%, P < 0.05). Compared with the GA < 28 weeks group, the GA ≥ 28 weeks group had a significantly lower incidence rate of FI within 1-2 weeks after birth (5% vs 29%, P < 0.05) and a significantly shorter duration of FI (P < 0.05). The ELBW infants in the GA ≥ 28 weeks group had a higher velocity of weight gain, a shorter length of hospital stay, and a lower incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but a higher incidence rate of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) than the GA < 28 weeks group at discharge (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the ELBW infants with a GA of < 28 weeks, the ELBW infants with a GA of ≥ 28 weeks have a lower recurrence rate of FI and can achieve full enteral feeding earlier, but with a higher incidence rate of EUGR, suggesting that enteral feeding needs to be more active for the ELBW infants with a GA of ≥ 28 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- 颖 李
- />广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科, 广东广州 510150Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - 繁 吴
- />广州医科大学附属第三医院新生儿科, 广东广州 510150Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
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28
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A rich meconium metabolome in human infants is associated with early-life gut microbiota composition and reduced allergic sensitization. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100260. [PMID: 34095873 PMCID: PMC8149367 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota maturation and immune development occur in parallel with, and are implicated in, allergic diseases, and research has begun to demonstrate the importance of prenatal influencers on both. Here, we investigate the meconium metabolome, a critical link between prenatal exposures and both early microbiota and immune development, to identify components of the neonatal gut niche that contribute to allergic sensitization. Our analysis reveals that newborns who develop immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic sensitization (atopy) by 1 year of age have a less-diverse gut metabolome at birth, and specific metabolic clusters are associated with both protection against atopy and the abundance of key taxa driving microbiota maturation. These metabolic signatures, when coupled with early-life microbiota and clinical factors, increase our ability to accurately predict whether or not infants will develop atopy. Thus, the trajectory of both microbiota colonization and immune development are significantly affected by metabolites present in the neonatal gut at birth. Metabolic diversity is reduced in newborns that develop allergic sensitization Gut microbiota maturation is reduced within infants that develop allergic sensitization Meconium metabolites are associated with important taxa for microbiota maturation
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29
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Wang S, Egan M, Ryan CA, Boyaval P, Dempsey EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. A good start in life is important-perinatal factors dictate early microbiota development and longer term maturation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:763-781. [PMID: 32821932 PMCID: PMC7685781 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal health status is vital for the development of the offspring of humans, including physiological health and psychological functions. The complex and diverse microbial ecosystem residing within humans contributes critically to these intergenerational impacts. Perinatal factors, including maternal nutrition, antibiotic use and maternal stress, alter the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, which can be transmitted to the offspring. In addition, gestational age at birth and mode of delivery are indicated frequently to modulate the acquisition and development of gut microbiota in early life. The early-life gut microbiota engages in a range of host biological processes, particularly immunity, cognitive neurodevelopment and metabolism. The perturbed early-life gut microbiota increases the risk for disease in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding relationships of perinatal factors with early-life microbial composition and functions. In this review, we present an overview of the crucial perinatal factors and summarise updated knowledge of early-life microbiota, as well as how the perinatal factors shape gut microbiota in short and long terms. We further discuss the clinical consequences of perturbations of early-life gut microbiota and potential therapeutic interventions with probiotics/live biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Wang
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - Muireann Egan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20.,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, T12 YN60
| | - Patrick Boyaval
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Danisco France SAS - DuPont, 22, rue Brunel, F- 75017 Paris, France
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20.,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, T12 YN60
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland, P12 YT20.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
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30
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Duar RM, Kyle D, Tribe RM. Reintroducing B. infantis to the cesarean-born neonate: an ecologically sound alternative to "vaginal seeding". FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5739918. [PMID: 32068827 PMCID: PMC7182402 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a burgeoning literature highlighting differences in health outcomes between babies born vaginally and by caesarean section (c-section) This has led to the suggestion that infants born by c-section may benefit from vaginal swabbing/seeding. Here, we discuss from an ecological perspective that it is gut-adapted, not vagina-adapted microbes that are likely to take up residence in the gut and have the most beneficial impact on the developing neonate. Further, we caution the practice of 'vaginal seeding' may be potentially unsafe and also give parents and health professionals a false sense of action in restoring the infant gut microbiome following c-section. Instead, we argue that restoring B. longum subsp. infantis, which has evolved to colonize the infant gut, is a safe and ecologically-sound approach to restoring the gut microbiome of infants born by c-section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Kyle
- Evolve BioSytems, Inc. Davis, California, 95618 USA
| | - Rachel M Tribe
- Dept. of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH UK
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31
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Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) exposures exert a sustained influence on the progression of gut microbiota and metabolome in the first year of life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 33446779 PMCID: PMC7809424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants with their immediate and long-term health. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from the preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants from birth until month 12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified significant differences between groups in various time points. A panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates significantly correlated with the relative abundances of 8 species of bacteria were identified in the preterm group. In contrast, faecal metabolites of term infants had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate. We demonstrated that the early-life factors such as gestational age, birth weight and NICU exposures, exerted a sustained effect to the dynamics of gut microbial composition and metabolism of the neonates up to one year of age. Thus, our findings suggest that intervention at this early time could provide ‘metabolic rescue’ to preterm infants from aberrant initial gut microbial colonisation and succession.
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32
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Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) exposures exert a sustained influence on the progression of gut microbiota and metabolome in the first year of life. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 33446779 PMCID: PMC7809424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80278-1 10.1038/s41598-021-88758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants with their immediate and long-term health. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from the preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants from birth until month 12. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified significant differences between groups in various time points. A panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates significantly correlated with the relative abundances of 8 species of bacteria were identified in the preterm group. In contrast, faecal metabolites of term infants had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate. We demonstrated that the early-life factors such as gestational age, birth weight and NICU exposures, exerted a sustained effect to the dynamics of gut microbial composition and metabolism of the neonates up to one year of age. Thus, our findings suggest that intervention at this early time could provide 'metabolic rescue' to preterm infants from aberrant initial gut microbial colonisation and succession.
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and increased risk of aging-associated disorders, which pose major societal challenges and are a public health priority. Despite extensive human genetics studies, limited progress has been made linking genetics with aging. There is a growing realization that the altered assembly, structure and dynamics of the gut microbiota actively participate in the aging process. Age-related microbial dysbiosis is involved in reshaping immune responses during aging, which manifest as immunosenescence (insufficiency) and inflammaging (over-reaction) that accompany many age-associated enteric and extraenteric diseases. The gut microbiota can be regulated, suggesting a potential target for aging interventions. This review summarizes recent findings on the physiological succession of gut microbiota across the life-cycle, the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in healthy aging, alterations of gut microbiota and aging-associated diseases, and the gut microbiota-targeted anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mitchell CM, Mazzoni C, Hogstrom L, Bryant A, Bergerat A, Cher A, Pochan S, Herman P, Carrigan M, Sharp K, Huttenhower C, Lander ES, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Yassour M. Delivery Mode Affects Stability of Early Infant Gut Microbiota. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100156. [PMID: 33377127 PMCID: PMC7762768 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mode of delivery strongly influences the early infant gut microbiome. Children born by cesarean section (C-section) lack Bacteroides species until 6–18 months of age. One hypothesis is that these differences stem from lack of exposure to the maternal vaginal microbiome. Here, we re-evaluate this hypothesis by comparing the microbial profiles of 75 infants born vaginally or by planned versus emergent C-section. Multiple children born by C-section have a high abundance of Bacteroides in their first few days of life, but at 2 weeks, both C-section groups lack Bacteroides (primarily according to 16S sequencing), despite their difference in exposure to the birth canal. Finally, a comparison of microbial strain profiles between infants and maternal vaginal or rectal samples finds evidence for mother-to-child transmission of rectal rather than vaginal strains. These results suggest differences in colonization stability as an important factor in infant gut microbiome composition rather than birth canal exposure. Week 1 gut microbiota does not differ between infants born vaginally versus C-section Week 2 gut microbiota of C-section infants lacks Bacteroides Microbiota of infants born by C-section after labor resembles scheduled C-section Bacterial strains in infants match maternal rectal rather than vaginal strains
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Mitchell
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chiara Mazzoni
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Larson Hogstrom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Allison Bryant
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Agnes Bergerat
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Avital Cher
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel
| | - Shawna Pochan
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Penelope Herman
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maureen Carrigan
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karen Sharp
- Vincent Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Moran Yassour
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91121, Israel.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Jain N. The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1824564. [PMID: 33043833 PMCID: PMC7781677 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1824564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The early life immune system is characterized by unique developmental milestones. Functionally diverse immune cells arise from distinct waves of hematopoietic stem cells, a phenomenon referred to as 'layered' immunity. This stratified development of immune cells extends to lineages of both innate and adaptive cells. The defined time window for the development of these immune cells lends itself to the influence of specific exposures typical of the early life period. The perinatal immune system develops in a relatively sterile fetal environment but emerges into one filled with a multitude of antigenic encounters. A major burden of this comes in the form of the microbiota that is being newly established at mucosal surfaces of the newborn. Accumulating evidence suggests that early life microbial exposures, including those arising in utero, can imprint long-lasting changes in the offspring's immune system and determine disease risk throughout life. In this review, I highlight unique features of early life immunity and explore the role of intestinal bacteria in educating the developing immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitya Jain
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Jena A, Montoya CA, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Young W, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Gut-Brain Axis in the Early Postnatal Years of Life: A Developmental Perspective. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:44. [PMID: 32848651 PMCID: PMC7419604 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during the early postnatal period can influence brain development and vice-versa. It is increasingly recognized that communication between the GI tract and brain is mainly driven by neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic mediators, collectively called the gut-brain axis (GBA). Changes in the GBA mediators occur in response to the developmental changes in the body during this period. This review provides an overview of major developmental events in the GI tract and brain in the early postnatal period and their parallel developmental trajectories under physiological conditions. Current knowledge of GBA mediators in context to brain function and behavioral outcomes and their synthesis and metabolism (site, timing, etc.) is discussed. This review also presents hypotheses on the role of the GBA mediators in response to the parallel development of the GI tract and brain in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- School of Food & Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane A Mullaney
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Wayne Young
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Food Nutrition & Health, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.,Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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O'Neill IJ, Sanchez Gallardo R, Saldova R, Murphy EF, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM, van Sinderen D. Maternal and infant factors that shape neonatal gut colonization by bacteria. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:651-664. [PMID: 32552141 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1784725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early life is a critical developmental window coinciding with the establishment of a community of neonatal gut microbes which are vitally important for immune development. The composition of this microbial community is affected by multiple factors. AREAS COVERED The effect of pre-pregnancy and pregnancy maternal health, maternal nutrition, pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes, maternal antibiotic usage, delivery mode, infant feeding, and infant antibiotic usage on gut microbial composition are outlined along with the potential impact of associated microbiota differences on infant health. EXPERT OPINION Recent developments in understanding what shapes our microbiota indicates that the greatest impact on infant gut microbiota composition during the first year of life is seen with the mode of delivery, infant diet, and infant antibiotic usage. Current data is insufficient to fully establish the role of apparently less important factors such as maternal health on microbiota development although their impact is likely smaller. Technological advances will allow for improved understanding of underlying mechanisms by which specific microbes impact on infant health, which in time will enable full appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in early life development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J O'Neill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
| | - Rocio Sanchez Gallardo
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research, and Training (NIBRT) , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen F Murphy
- Alimentary Health Group, Cork Airport Business Park , Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre , Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland , Cork, Ireland
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Selma-Royo M, García-Mantrana I, Calatayud M, Parra-Llorca A, Martínez-Costa C, Collado MC. Maternal diet during pregnancy and intestinal markers are associated with early gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1429-1442. [PMID: 32728880 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet has an important role in host-microbiome interplay, which may result in intestinal permeability changes and physiopathological effects at a systemic level. Despite the importance of maternal microbiota as the main contributor to the initial microbial seeding, little is known about the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy on maternal-neonatal microbiota. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at ascertaining the possible associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and neonatal microbiota at birth and to evaluate the relationship with maternal intestinal markers. METHODS In a nested cross-sectional study in the longitudinal MAMI cohort, maternal-neonatal microbiota profiling at birth (n = 73) was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal intestinal markers as zonulin, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity and faecal calprotectin were measured in faeces. Furthermore, maternal-neonatal clinical and anthropometric data, as well as maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy obtained by FFQ questionnaires, were collected. RESULTS Maternal diet is associated with both maternal and neonatal microbiota at the time of birth, in a delivery mode-dependent manner. The existing link between maternal diet, intestinal makers and neonatal gut microbiota would be mainly influenced by the intake of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Members of Firmicutes in the neonatal microbiota were positively associated with maternal fat intake, especially SFA and MUFA, and negatively correlated to fibre, proteins from vegetable sources and vitamins. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diet during pregnancy, mainly fat intake (SFA and MUFA), was related to intestinal markers, thus likely shifting the microbial transmission to the neonate and priming the neonatal microbial profile with potential health outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NCT03552939.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - I García-Mantrana
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Calatayud
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Costa
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Nutrition Research Group of INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M C Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
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Nutri-Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: How Birth Care, Bonding and Breastfeeding Can Influence and Be Influenced? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145032. [PMID: 32708742 PMCID: PMC7404045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle is an important factor in the programming of an infant's epigenome, in particular when considered alongside the mode of birth and choice of feeding method (i.e., breastfeeding or formula feeding). Beginning in utero, and during the first two years of an infant's life, cells acquire an epigenetic memory of the neonatal exposome which can be influential across the entire lifespan. Parental lifestyle (e.g., malnutrition, alcohol intake, smoke, stress, exposure to xenobiotics and/or drugs) can modify both the maternal and paternal epigenome, leading to epigenetic inheritance in their offspring. This review aims to outline the origin of early life modulation of the epigenome, and to share this fundamental concept with all the health care professionals involved in the development and provision of care during childbirth in order to inform future parents and clinicians of the importance of the this process and the key role it plays in the programming of a child's health.
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40
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Skarżyńska E, Wilczyńska P, Kiersztyn B, Żytyńska-Daniluk J, Jakimiuk A, Lisowska-Myjak B. Comparison of protease and aminopeptidase activities in meconium: A pilot study. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:7. [PMID: 32607236 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The successive accumulation of proteases and aminopeptidases in meconium are important physiological components of the intrauterine environment in which a fetus develops. The aim of the present study was to assess the changes in the activities of these enzymes in meconium of healthy infants, and to investigate whether there were any statistically significant associations between activity of the enzymes of interest and the mode of delivery. The activities of proteases and aminopeptidases were determined in meconium portions (n=110) using the substrates BODIPY FL casein and L-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride, respectively. Serial meconium samples (2-5 per neonate) were collected from healthy infants born vaginally (n=14), and by a cesarean section (n=16). Protease activity (104 RFU/h) was lower in the first meconium sample compared with the final sample from the same infant (3.99±2.03 vs. 5.76±2.24, respectively, mean ± standard deviation; P=0.004). Conversely, there was no significant difference in aminopeptidase activity (103 nM/l/h) between consecutive meconium samples (P=0.702). The ratios of the first-meconium sample enzyme activity to the last-meconium sample enzyme activity were lower for proteases compared with aminopeptidases (0.76±0.48 vs. 1.35±1.04, respectively mean ± standard deviation; P=0.014), and sustained in the infants born by a cesarean section (P=0.008). Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis between the first and last meconium samples showed the correlation increased in the infants born vaginally compared with the rest of the infants (proteases, R=0.618 vs. R=0.314; aminopeptidases, R=0.688 vs. R=0.566). Aminopeptidase activity did not exhibit any notable dynamic changes during meconium accumulation in the fetal intestine. In infants born vaginally compared with those born by a cesarean section, the activity of both proteases and aminopeptidases in the first meconium sample showed an improved correlation with the activity of the final meconium sample. This may suggest that in the intrauterine environment, during accumulation of meconium in the digestive tract of the fetus, the activity and/or levels of these enzymes and the substrates they catalyze were more stable in newborns born vaginally compared with infants born by caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skarżyńska
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Paulina Wilczyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kiersztyn
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Joanna Żytyńska-Daniluk
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics, Female Diseases and Gynaecological Oncology, Central Clinical Hospital of The Ministry of The Interior, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Artur Jakimiuk
- Reproductive Health Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw 01-211, Poland
| | - Barbara Lisowska-Myjak
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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Yang J, Yao S, Cheng K, Xu L, Hou L, Wei Y, Feng H, Yu X, Zhang X, Tong X, Li Z, Zhao Y. Comparison of Meconium Microbiome in Dizygotic and Monozygotic Twins Born by Caesarean Section (CS). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1139. [PMID: 32582089 PMCID: PMC7283445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The early-life microbiota triggers life-long effects on physiological functions and health disorders. Previous studies in adult twins or animal models have revealed associations between host genetics and the harmonious microbiota. However, such associations may be obscured by the fact that each intra-pair of twins will continually encounter various environmental factors as they grow up. Here, we collected the meconium samples from nineteen dizygotic pairs (DZ, n = 38) and nine monozygotic pairs (MZ, n = 18) with cesarean delivery, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to profile the microbiome at birth. Diversity analysis showed that alpha diversity was not significantly different between two groups, whereas beta diversity of MZ twins was significantly lower than that of either DZ twins or unrelated individuals (i.e., randomly selected individual pairs of non-twinship) (p < 0.05). Two groups had very similar microbial classifications but different relative abundances of certain taxa including more Firmicutes (p = 0.05, Wilcoxon test) at the phylum level and lower abundances of five genera (p < 0.05) in DZ group compared to MZ group, including Rheinheimera, Proteus, SMB53, Sphingobium, and Megamonas. Co-occurrence analysis in each group showed slightly more complicated microbial interactions in DZ than MZ twins, although 22 shared bacterial genera co-existed in two groups, with both Rheinheimera and Megamonas having different centralities in their respective co-occurrence networks. Mean intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were also significantly higher for MZ (0.312) compared to DZ twins (0.138) (p < 0.05). The predicted microbial gene functions related to carbohydrate were higher in DZ group, whereas folding, sorting, degradation, cell motility pathways and energy metabolism were markedly over-represented in the microbiota of MZ group. In summary, our study uncovered that microbial diversity and components of the meconium microbiome between DZ and MZ twins were partially consistent with that in singleton neonates by cesarean delivery, but several distinctions related to the heritability supported genetic contributions to intestinal microbiome in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su Yao
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Hou
- Computational Genomics Lab, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Feng
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xuejian Yu
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- China Center of Industrial Culture Collection (CICC), China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zailing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li H, Zhang Y, Xiao B, Xiao S, Wu J, Huang W. Impacts of delivery mode on very low birth weight infants' oral microbiome. Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 61:201-209. [PMID: 31810597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Initial microbial colonization of the oral after birth provides a vital stimulus for neonatal immune and development. The establishment of the gut microbiota has been shown to differ between very low birth weight (VLBW) infants delivered by caesarian section (C-section) and those delivered vaginally. The objective of this study was to investigate the community structure of the oral microbiota in VLBW infants delivered by the two modes. METHODS In total, 23 VLBW infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shenzhen BaoAn Maternity & Child Health care Hospital (Shenzhen, China) were recruited for this study: 12 infants delivered vaginally, and the other 11 infants delivered by C-section. The assessment of oral microbiota community was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the oral bacterial communities were dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria in both groups. Higher relative abundance of genera Ureaplasma and Pantoea were observed in the vaginal delivery infants, but genera Corynebacterium, Methylobacterium and Variovorax were more prevalent in cesarean-born infants. Furthermore, many metabolic pathways with significant differences between the two groups were detected, mostly related to vitamin, amino acid metabolism and diseases. Additionally, ɑ-diversity and clinical data showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the mode of delivery influences the oral bacterial structure of VLBW infants after birth, but the consequences for neonatal development should be researched in a further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Shenzhen BaoAn Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shanqiu Xiao
- Shenzhen BaoAn Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiaman Wu
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Weimin Huang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Wong WS, Sabu P, Deopujari V, Levy S, Shah AA, Clemency N, Provenzano M, Saadoon R, Munagala A, Baker R, Baveja R, Mueller NT, Dominguez-Bello MG, Huddleston K, Niederhuber JE, Hourigan SK. Prenatal and Peripartum Exposure to Antibiotics and Cesarean Section Delivery Are Associated with Differences in Diversity and Composition of the Infant Meconium Microbiome. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E179. [PMID: 32012716 PMCID: PMC7074690 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The meconium microbiome may provide insight into intrauterine and peripartum exposures and the very earliest intestinal pioneering microbes. Prenatal antibiotics have been associated with later obesity in children, which is thought to be driven by microbiome dependent mechanisms. However, there is little data regarding associations of prenatal or peripartum antibiotic exposure, with or without cesarean section (CS), with the features of the meconium microbiome. In this study, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on bacterial DNA of meconium samples from 105 infants in a birth cohort study. After multivariable adjustment, delivery mode (p = 0.044), prenatal antibiotic use (p = 0.005) and peripartum antibiotic use (p < 0.001) were associated with beta diversity of the infant meconium microbiome. CS (vs. vaginal delivery) and peripartum antibiotics were also associated with greater alpha diversity of the meconium microbiome (Shannon and Simpson, p < 0.05). Meconium from infants born by CS (vs. vaginal delivery) had lower relative abundance of the genus Escherichia (p < 0.001). Prenatal antibiotic use and peripartum antibiotic use (both in the overall analytic sample and when restricting to vaginally delivered infants) were associated with differential abundance of several bacterial taxa in the meconium. Bacterial taxa in the meconium microbiome were also differentially associated with infant excess weight at 12 months of age, however, sample size was limited for this comparison. In conclusion, prenatal and peripartum antibiotic use along with CS delivery were associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the meconium microbiome. Whether or not these differences in the meconium microbiome portend risk for long-term health outcomes warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S.W. Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Priya Sabu
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Varsha Deopujari
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Shira Levy
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Ankit A. Shah
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Ob/Gyn, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA;
| | - Nicole Clemency
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Marina Provenzano
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Reem Saadoon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Akhil Munagala
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
| | - Robin Baker
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Rajiv Baveja
- Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (R.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Kathi Huddleston
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
- College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John E. Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA (V.D.); (S.L.); (N.C.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (A.M.); (K.H.); (J.E.N.)
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Suchitra K. Hourigan
- Inova Children’s Hospital, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
- Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
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The Evolving Microbiome from Pregnancy to Early Infancy: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010133. [PMID: 31906588 PMCID: PMC7019214 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy induces a number of immunological, hormonal, and metabolic changes that are necessary for the mother to adapt her body to this new physiological situation. The microbiome of the mother, the placenta and the fetus influence the fetus growth and undoubtedly plays a major role in the adequate development of the newborn infant. Hence, the microbiome modulates the inflammatory mechanisms related to physiological and pathological processes that are involved in the perinatal progress through different mechanisms. The present review summarizes the actual knowledge related to physiological changes in the microbiota occurring in the mother, the fetus, and the child, both during neonatal period and beyond. In addition, we approach some specific pathological situations during the perinatal periods, as well as the influence of the type of delivery and feeding.
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Zhao HJ, Luo X, Shi YC, Li JF, Pan F, Ren RR, Peng LH, Shi XY, Yang G, Wang J, Hu LY, Zou LP, Yang YS. The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Children With Tourette Syndrome: A Preliminary Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:554441. [PMID: 33424650 PMCID: PMC7793740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.554441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies for Tourette syndrome (TS) are insufficient, and novel therapies are needed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been a potential therapy for several neurological diseases. Here, we report a preliminary study to investigate the effects of FMT on patients with TS. Five patients with TS received a single administration of FMT via endoscopy. Tic symptoms were assessed by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score (YGTSS-TTS) and adverse effects were recorded at week 8 following FMT. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels and 14 cytokines levels were measured. The microbiota profile in feces were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics. Four patients (4/5) responded positively to FMT (YGTSS-TTS reduction rate >25%) at week 8 with high safety. The levels of LPS and cytokines varied after FMT. FMT shifted the composition of the gut microbiota in patients close to that of the donor and continuously changed the abundance of Bacteroides coprocola, Dialister succinatiphilus and Bacteroides vulgatus. The restoration of B.coprocola was correlated with the improvement in tic symptoms (Spearman R = -0.900, P = 0.037). In conclusion, FMT was indicated a potential effective and safe alternative for patients with TS. However, larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the influence of microbiota in TS. Trial Registration: chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR-IIR-17011871, URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=19941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Chao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Rong Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010016. [PMID: 31861722 PMCID: PMC7019424 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consortium of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the human gut are integral to health. Little has been done to collate and characterize the microbiome of children. A systematic review was undertaken to address this gap (PROSPERO ID: CRD42018109599). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the keywords: “healthy preadolescent children” and “gut microbiome” to 31 August 2018. Of the 815 journal articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. α-diversity, short chain fatty acid concentrations, diet, 16S rRNA sequencing region, and geographical location were documented. The preadolescent gut microbiome is dominated at the phylum level by Firmicutes (weighted overall average relative abundance = 51.1%) and Bacteroidetes (36.0%); genus level by Bacteroides (16.0%), Prevotella (8.69%), Faecalibacterium (7.51%), and Bifidobacterium (5.47%). Geographic location and 16S rRNA sequencing region were independently associated with microbial proportions. There was limited consensus between studies that reported α-diversity and short chain fatty acids. Broadly speaking, participants from non-Western locations, who were less likely to follow a Westernized dietary pattern, had higher α-diversity and SCFA concentrations. Confirmatory studies will increase the understanding of the composition and functional capacity of the preadolescent gut microbiome.
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Mueller NT, Hourigan SK, Hoffmann DE, Levy L, von Rosenvinge EC, Chou B, Dominguez-Bello MG. Bacterial Baptism: Scientific, Medical, and Regulatory Issues Raised by Vaginal Seeding of C-Section-Born Babies. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2019; 47:568-578. [PMID: 31957590 PMCID: PMC7908762 DOI: 10.1177/1073110519897732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that children born via Cesarean section (C-section) are at greater risk for adverse health outcomes including allergies, asthma and obesity. Vaginal seeding is a medical procedure in which infants born by C-section are swabbed immediately after birth with vaginal secretions from the mother. This procedure has been proposed as a way to transfer the mother's vaginal microbiome to the child, thereby restoring the natural exposure that occurs during vaginal birth that is interrupted in the case of babies born via C-section. Preliminary evidence indicates partial restoration of microbes. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the health benefits of the procedure. Several studies, including trial, are currently underway. At the same time, in the clinic setting, doctors are increasingly being asked to by expectant mothers to have their babies seeded. This article reports on the current research on this procedure and the issues it raises for regulators, researchers, physicians, and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel T Mueller
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Diane E Hoffmann
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Lauren Levy
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Erik C von Rosenvinge
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Betty Chou
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
| | - Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Noel T. Mueller, Ph.D., M.P.H., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Suchitra K. Hourigan, M.D., is a Pediatric Gastroenterology & Pediatrics, INOVA Health. Diane E. Hoffmann, J.D., Sc.M., is a Professor of Law, University of Maryland Carey School of Law. Lauren Levy, J.D., M.P.H., is Health Officer, Cecil County, MD Health Department. Erik C. von Rosenvinge, M.D., is an Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Chief of Gastroenterology, VA Maryland Health Care System. Betty Chou, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Maria-Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Ph.D., is a Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences
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Shi W, Zhang P. Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lumbar anesthesia on Th1/Th2 in maternal patients and neonates undergoing caesarean section. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1426-1432. [PMID: 31316629 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of anesthetic method and drugs is of utmost importance for patients undergoing caesarean section. The application of anesthetic drugs may affect the immune system of the maternal patient and neonate. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lumbar anesthesia on type 1 T-helper cells (Th1) and Th2 cytokines in mothers and their neonates undergoing caesarean section. A total of 60 females with full-term pregnancies and an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II who received caesarean section were selected and equally divided in a randomized manner into a control group receiving lumbar epidural anesthesia and a combination group treated by dexmedetomidine combined with lumbar epidural anesthesia. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, adverse reactions, traction response and the neonates' Apgar score were compared between the two groups. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood of mothers and neonates were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA. The results indicated no statistically significant difference in the Apgar score between the two groups. The VAS scores, adverse reactions, reduced traction response, as well as IL-2 and TNF-α expression, in the mothers of the combination group were significantly decreased, while IL-4 and IL-10 were obviously elevated compared with those in the controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, IL-2 and TNF-α levels were markedly declined, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 expression was apparently enhanced in the neonates from the combination group compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dexmedetomidine in addition to lumbar epidural anesthesia reduces the VAS score, adverse reactions and traction response, and promotes the conversion of Th1 cytokines to Th2 cytokines in mothers/nonates after caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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Li H, Chen S, Wu L, Wang H, Xiao K, Gao Y, Li Y, Li H, Xiao B, Zhu Y. The effects of perineal disinfection on infant's oral microflora after transvaginal examination during delivery. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:213. [PMID: 31234808 PMCID: PMC6591937 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life microflora is an important determinant of immune and metabolic development and may have lasting consequences. However, the mode of delivery and the effect of povidone iodine disinfection on neonatal oral microflora colonization are still unclear. The objective of the study was to understand the effects of the use of polyvidone iodine on infant's oral microflora after transvaginal examination during delivery, provided data support for the establishment of neonatal oral microflora health. METHODS A total of 20 cases of full-term neonatal delivered in October 2017 in Shenzhen Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital through vaginal delivery. These neonates were randomly divided into two groups, the conventional disinfection group and the non-disinfection group. Simultaneously, 10 infants with elective cesarean section were taken as comparison. With Illumina MiSeq platform, 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing method was used to analyze bacterial DNA of oral secretions. RESULTS At the phylum level, compared to the non-disinfection group, higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and lower proportion of Firmicutes were observed in the cesarean section group and the disinfection group. As main composition of phylum Firmicutes, genus Lactobacillus presented extremely low in the cesarean section group and the disinfection group, whereas it was the absolute dominant bacteria in the non-disinfection group. Compared with the caesarean section group, only Lactobacillus increased in majority of the non-disinfection group. There was no increase in Lactobacillus in the disinfection group, but Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, Staphyloccus, and Klebsiella increased significantly. Through KEGG pathway analysis, we found that there were more harmful pathways such as staphylococcus aureus infection, viral myocarditis and sporulation in the disinfection group. CONCLUSIONS The mode of delivery affects the infant's Lactobacillus obtained from the mother. Moreover, vulvar disinfection played an important part in the colonization of neonatal oral microbiota. And the impact of the first oral colonizers on infant health needs further follow-up investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Kelin Xiao
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yanling Gao
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yao Li
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, 56 Yulv road, Bao'an, Shenzhen, 518100, China.
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50
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Stinson LF, Boyce MC, Payne MS, Keelan JA. The Not-so-Sterile Womb: Evidence That the Human Fetus Is Exposed to Bacteria Prior to Birth. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1124. [PMID: 31231319 PMCID: PMC6558212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome includes trillions of bacteria, many of which play a vital role in host physiology. Numerous studies have now detected bacterial DNA in first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples, suggesting that the human microbiome may commence in utero. However, these data have remained contentious due to underlying contamination issues. Here, we have used a previously described method for reducing contamination in microbiome workflows to determine if there is a fetal bacterial microbiome beyond the level of background contamination. We recruited 50 women undergoing non-emergency cesarean section deliveries with no evidence of intra-uterine infection and collected first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using PacBio SMRT cell technology, to allow high resolution profiling of the fetal gut and amniotic fluid bacterial microbiomes. Levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured in amniotic fluid, and levels of immunomodulatory short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified in meconium. All meconium samples and most amniotic fluid samples (36/43) contained bacterial DNA. The meconium microbiome was dominated by reads that mapped to Pelomonas puraquae. Aside from this species, the meconium microbiome was remarkably heterogeneous between patients. The amniotic fluid microbiome was more diverse and contained mainly reads that mapped to typical skin commensals, including Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus spp. All meconium samples contained acetate and propionate, at ratios similar to those previously reported in infants. P. puraquae reads were inversely correlated with meconium propionate levels. Amniotic fluid cytokine levels were associated with the amniotic fluid microbiome. Our results demonstrate that bacterial DNA and SCFAs are present in utero, and have the potential to influence the developing fetal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mary C Boyce
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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