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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Philbert S, Xu J, Patassini S, Cooper GJS. Human dementia with Lewy bodies brain shows widespread urea elevations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 124:107017. [PMID: 38788611 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several recent studies have uncovered the presence of widespread urea elevations in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), vascular dementia (VaD), and Huntington's disease (HD). However, it is currently unknown whether dementia with Lewy bodies also shows these alterations in urea. This study aimed to investigate if and where urea is perturbed in the DLB brain. METHODS Tissues from ten brain regions were obtained from 20 diagnosed cases of DLB and 19 controls. Urea concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Case-control differences were assessed by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, and s-values, E-values, effect sizes, and risk ratios were determined for each brain region. The results were compared to those previously obtained for AD, PDD, VaD, and HD. RESULTS As with other previously investigated dementia diseases, DLB shows widespread urea elevations, affecting all ten regions investigated in the current study; the degree of these elevations is lower than that seen in AD or PDD, similar to that seen in HD, and higher than that observed in VaD. The highest urea fold-change was observed in the pons and the lowest in the primary visual cortex. CONCLUSION Urea elevations appear to be a shared alterations across at least five neurodegenerative diseases, despite their many differences in clinical and neuropathological presentation. The cause and effects of this perturbation should be the focus of future studies, for its possible contributions to the pathology of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Sasha Philbert
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Sonia J, Kumara BN, Pinto KJ, Hashim A, Priya ESS, Kalpana B, Thomas R, Sudhakara Prasad K. Disposable paper electrodes for detection of changes in dopamine concentrations in rat brain homogenates. Talanta 2024; 274:125940. [PMID: 38537354 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine, the main catecholamine neurotransmitter plays an important role in renal, cardiovascular, central nervous systems, and pathophysiological processes. The abnormal dopamine levels can result in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, acute anxiety, neuroblastoma and also contribute to cognitive dysfunctions. Given the widespread importance of dopamine concentration levels, it is imperative to develop sensors that are able to monitor dopamine. Herein, we have developed pre-anodized disposable paper electrode modified with 1-pyrenebutyric acid, for the selective and sensitive determination of dopamine. The sensor was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques for addressing the robust formation and electrochemical activity. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine without the common interference from ascorbic acid. The calibration plot for the dopamine sensor resulted linear range from 0.003 μM to 0.5 μM with a detection limit of 0.11 nM. The sensor's potential utility was tested by monitoring dopamine concentration changes in rat brain homogenates when subjected to neurotoxicity. The developed sensor was validated with gold-standard UV-Vis spectroscopy studies and computational studies were performed to understand the interaction between 1-pyrenebutyric acid and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sonia
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - B N Kumara
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India
| | - Kevin Joakim Pinto
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A Hashim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Dakshina, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - E S Sindhu Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - B Kalpana
- Department of Physiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, Kerala, India
| | - K Sudhakara Prasad
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory (NMRL), Nano Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India; Centre for Nutrition Studies, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, India.
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Imenez Silva PH, Pepin M, Figurek A, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E, Bobot M, Iervolino A, Mattace-Raso F, Hoorn EJ, Bailey MA, Hénaut L, Nielsen R, Frische S, Trepiccione F, Hafez G, Altunkaynak HO, Endlich N, Unwin R, Capasso G, Pesic V, Massy Z, Wagner CA. Animal models to study cognitive impairment of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F894-F916. [PMID: 38634137 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives, and society. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are poorly understood, and current therapies mostly aim at supporting patients in their daily lives. This illustrates the urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets and test novel therapies in appropriate preclinical models. Here, we will outline the necessary criteria for experimental modeling of cognitive disorders in CKD. We discuss the use of mice, rats, and zebrafish as model systems and present valuable techniques through which kidney function and cognitive impairment can be assessed in this setting. Our objective is to enable researchers to overcome hurdles and accelerate preclinical research aimed at improving the therapy of people with CKD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Pepin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018 Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Population, Équipe 5, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Bobot
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, and INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Universitaire, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Edinburgh Kidney, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande O Altunkaynak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vesna Pesic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ziad Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Villejuif, France
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Łukawski K, Raszewski G, Czuczwar SJ. Effects of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate on seizure activity, learning and brain oxidative stress parameters in mice. Neurosci Lett 2024; 820:137594. [PMID: 38096971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease often have neurological disorders, with a higher incidence of memory impairment or epilepsy than in the general population. Patients undergoing hemodialysis are particularly exposed to the biological effects of uremic toxins. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the most potent uremic toxins; however, its possible effects on seizure susceptibility or memory functions have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we focused on investigating the possible convulsant and amnesic effects of IS in recognized animal models. The study was performed on adult male Swiss mice. IS and scopolamine (SCO) were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.), and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was injected subcutaneously (s.c.). All substances were given as single injections. Acute IS administration (400 mg/kg) led to its accumulation in the brain. IS at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg decreased the PTZ convulsive threshold, and at the same doses, it did not significantly affect the threshold for electroconvulsions. IS (200 and 400 mg/kg) did not impair learning in the passive avoidance test and did not increase the SCO-induced memory impairment in this test. IS increased lipid peroxidation, decreased the level of reduced glutathione, and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in mouse brains. Exposure to IS did not significantly change the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain tissue. This study shows that acute exposure to IS induces oxidative stress in the brain and potentiates PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Further studies are needed to find out whether IS-induced oxidative stress may affect epileptic seizures and/or epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Łukawski
- Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland; Diaverum Lublin Chodzki Dialysis Clinic, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Raszewski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Protection, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
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Khattri RB, Louis LZ, Kim K, Anderson EM, Fazzone B, Harland KC, Hu Q, O'Malley KA, Berceli SA, Wymer J, Ryan TE, Scali ST. Temporal serum metabolomic and lipidomic analyses distinguish patients with access-related hand disability following arteriovenous fistula creation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16811. [PMID: 37798334 PMCID: PMC10555997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, hemodialysis requires durable vascular access which is often surgically created using an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). However, some ESKD patients that undergo AVF placement develop access-related hand dysfunction (ARHD) through unknown mechanisms. In this study, we sought to determine if changes in the serum metabolome could distinguish ESKD patients that develop ARHD from those that have normal hand function following AVF creation. Forty-five ESKD patients that underwent first-time AVF creation were included in this study. Blood samples were obtained pre-operatively and 6-weeks post-operatively and metabolites were extracted and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Patients underwent thorough examination of hand function at both timepoints using the following assessments: grip strength manometry, dexterity, sensation, motor and sensory nerve conduction testing, hemodynamics, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Nineteen of the forty-five patients displayed overt weakness using grip strength manometry (P < 0.0001). Unfortunately, the serum metabolome was indistinguishable between patients with and without weakness following AVF surgery. However, a significant correlation was found between the change in tryptophan levels and the change in grip strength suggesting a possible role of tryptophan-derived uremic metabolites in post-AVF hand-associated weakness. Compared to grip strength, changes in dexterity and sensation were smaller than those observed in grip strength, however, post-operative decreases in phenylalanine, glycine, and alanine were unique to patients that developed signs of motor or sensory disability following AVF creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram B Khattri
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lauryn Z Louis
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Erik M Anderson
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Fazzone
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth C Harland
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qiongyao Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kerri A O'Malley
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott A Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Wymer
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Terence E Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Salvatore T Scali
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Malcom Randall Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- , Gainesville, USA.
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Baskaran K, Johnson JT, Prem PN, Ravindran S, Kurian GA. Evaluation of prophylactic efficacy of sodium thiosulfate in combating I/R injury in rat brain: exploring its efficiency further in vascular calcified brain slice model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2587-2598. [PMID: 37058187 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIR) is one of the clinical manifestations encountered during the management of stroke. High prevalence of intracranial arterial calcification is reported in stroke patients. However, the impact of vascular calcification (VC) in the outcome of CIR and the efficacy of mechanical preconditioning (IPC) and pharmacological conditioning with sodium thiosulphate (STS) in ameliorating IR remains unclear. Two experimental models namely carotid artery occlusion (n = 36) and brain slice models (n = 18) were used to evaluate the efficacy of STS in male Wistar rats. IR was inflicted in rat by occluding carotid artery for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion after STS (100 mg/kg) administration. Brain slice model was used to reconfirm the results to account blood brain barrier permeability. Further, brain slice tissue was utilised to evaluate the efficacy of STS in VC rat brain by measuring the histological alterations and biochemical parameters. Pre-treatment of STS prior to CIR in intact animal significantly reduced the IR-associated histopathological alterations in brain, declined oxidative stress and improved the mitochondrial function found to be similar to IPC. Brain slice model data also confirmed the neuroprotective effect of STS similar to IPC in IR challenged tissue slice. Higher tissue injury was noted in VC brain IR tissue than normal IR tissue. Therapeutic efficacy of STS was evident in VC rat brain tissues and normal tissues subjected to IR. On the other hand, IPC-mediated protection was noted only in IR normal and adenine-induced VC brain tissues not in high-fat diet (HFD) induced VC brain tissues. Based on the results, we concluded that similar to IPC, STS was effective in attenuating IR injury in CIR rat brain. Vascular calcification adversely affected the recovery protocol of brain tissues from ischemic insult. STS was found to be an effective agent in ameliorating the IR injury in both adenine and HFD induced vascular calcified rat brain, but IPC-mediated neuroprotection was absent in HFD-induced VC brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Baskaran
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, 117, Anusandhan Kendra, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jefri Thimoathi Johnson
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, 117, Anusandhan Kendra, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka N Prem
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, 117, Anusandhan Kendra, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, 117, Anusandhan Kendra, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, 117, Anusandhan Kendra, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, TirumalaisamudramThanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Hobson S, Arefin S, Witasp A, Hernandez L, Kublickiene K, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P. Accelerated Vascular Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Potential for Novel Therapies. Circ Res 2023; 132:950-969. [PMID: 37053277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the scenario of uncontrolled artery wall aging processes, CKD (chronic kidney disease) stands out as a valid model for detailed structural, functional, and molecular studies of this process. The cardiorenal syndrome relates to the detrimental bidirectional interplay between the kidney and the cardiovascular system. In addition to established risk factors, this group of patients is subjected to a plethora of other emerging vascular risk factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, vitamin K deficiency, cellular senescence, somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications, and increased apoptosis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which the uremic milieu triggers and maintains early vascular aging processes, has provided important new clues on inflammatory pathways and emerging risk factors alike, and to the altered behavior of cells in the arterial wall. Advances in the understanding of the biology of uremic early vascular aging opens avenues to novel pharmacological and nutritional therapeutic interventions. Such strategies hold promise to improve future prevention and treatment of early vascular aging not only in CKD but also in the elderly general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hobson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - S Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - A Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - L Hernandez
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - K Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
| | - P G Shiels
- School of Molecular Biosciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.G.S.)
| | - P Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.H., S.A., A.W., L.H., K.K., P.S.)
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Lin Y, Wang TH, Tsai ML, Wu VCC, Tseng CJ, Lin MS, Li YR, Chang CH, Chou TS, Tsai TH, Yang NI, Hung MJ, Chen TH. The cardiovascular and renal effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 36932379 PMCID: PMC10024371 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have cardiovascular and renal protective effects in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2. METHODS In this cohort study, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and eGFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 with a first prescription for GLP-1RAs or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) from 2012 to 2021 (n = 125,392) were enrolled. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the cardiorenal protective effects between the GLP-1RA and DDP-4i groups. RESULTS A total of 8922 participants [mean (SD) age 68.4 (11.5) years; 4516 (50.6%) males; GLP-1RAs, n = 759; DPP-4is, n = 8163] were eligible for this study. During a mean follow-up of 2.1 years, 78 (13%) and 204 (13.8%) patients developed composite cardiovascular events in the GLP-1RA and DPP-4i groups, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval CI 0.68-1.13]. Composite kidney events were reported in 134 (38.2%) and 393 (44.2%) patients in the GLP-1RA and DPP-4i groups, respectively (subdistribution HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.93). CONCLUSIONS GLP-1RAs had a neutral effect on the composite cardiovascular outcomes but reduced composite kidney events in the patients with advanced DKD compared with DPP-4is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Tazuke Kofukai, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ming-Lung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Victor Chien-Chia Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ju Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shin Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ning-I Yang
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd Anle Dist., Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd Anle Dist., Keelung, 204, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 222, Maijin Rd Anle Dist., Keelung, 204, Taiwan.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abdolmaleky HM, Sheng Y, Zhou JR. Bioactive nutraceuticals oligo-lactic acid and fermented soy extract alleviate cognitive decline in mice in part via anti-neuroinflammation and modulation of gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1116278. [PMID: 36969810 PMCID: PMC10034322 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1116278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCognition decline is associated with aging and certain diseases, such as neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Inflammation/neuroinflammation is considered an important causal factor, and experimental evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory natural compounds may effectively prevent cognitive decline. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of two natural bioactive agents, oligo-lactic acid (LAP) and fermented soy extract (ImmunBalance, IMB), on cognition in an adenine-induced cognitive impairment mouse model and to investigate the modulation of related biomarkers.MethodsMale C57 black mice were randomly assigned into the following experimental groups and received the corresponding treatments for 2 weeks before the use of adenine for model development: (1) negative control; (2) model control: injection of adenine at 50 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks; (3, 4) IMB groups: adenine injection and IMB oral gavage at 250 and 1,000 mg/kg BW, respectively; and (5) LAP group: adenine injection and LAP oral gavage at 1,000 mg/kg BW. One week after the model was developed, mice were evaluated for cognitive performances by using Y maze test, novel object recognition test, open field test, and Barnes maze tests. At the end of the experiment, brain tissues and cecum fecal samples were collected for analysis of gene expression and gut microbiota.ResultsMice treated with LAP or IMB had significantly improved spatial working memory, spatial recognition memory (LAP only), novel object recognition, and spatial learning and memory, compared with those in the model group. Gene expression analysis showed that, among a panel of cognition related genes, six of them (ELOVL2, GLUT4, Nestein, SNCA, TGFB1, and TGFB2) were significantly altered in the model group. LAP treatment significantly reversed expression levels of inflammatory/neuroinflammatory genes (SNCA, TGFB1), and IMB significantly reversed expression levels of genes related to inflammation/neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and energy metabolism (ELOVL2, GLUT4, Nestin, TGFB1, and TGFB2). The altered microbiome was attenuated only by IMB.DiscussionIn conclusion, our data showed that LAP improved cognition associated with regulating biomarkers related to neuroinflammation and energy metabolism, whereas IMB improved cognition associated with regulating biomarkers related to neuroinflammation, energy metabolism, and neurogenesis, and modulating gut microbiota. Our results suggest that LAP and IMB may improve cognitive performance in mice via distinct mechanisms of action.
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Fang C, Lau WL, Sun J, Chang R, Vallejo A, Lee D, Liu J, Liu H, Hung YH, Zhao Y, Paganini-Hill A, Sumbria RK, Cribbs DH, Fisher M. Chronic kidney disease promotes cerebral microhemorrhage formation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:51. [PMID: 36841828 PMCID: PMC9960195 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a stroke risk factor, but its exact relationship with cerebrovascular disease is not well-understood. We investigated the development of cerebral small vessel disease using in vivo and in vitro models of CKD. METHODS CKD was produced in aged C57BL/6J mice using an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis model. We analyzed brain histology using Prussian blue staining to examine formation of cerebral microhemorrhage (CMH), the hemorrhagic component of small vessel disease and the neuropathological substrate of MRI-demonstrable cerebral microbleeds. In cell culture studies, we examined effects of serum from healthy or CKD patients and gut-derived uremic toxins on brain microvascular endothelial barrier. RESULTS CKD was induced in aged C57BL/6J mice with significant increases in both serum creatinine and cystatin C levels (p < 0.0001) without elevation of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. CMH was significantly increased and positively correlated with serum creatinine level (Spearman r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Moreover, CKD significantly increased Iba-1-positive immunoreactivity by 51% (p < 0.001), induced a phenotypic switch from resting to activated microglia, and enhanced fibrinogen extravasation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by 34% (p < 0.05). On analysis stratified by sex, the increase in CMH number was more pronounced in male mice and this correlated with greater creatinine elevation in male compared with female mice. Microglial depletion with PLX3397 diet significantly decreased CMH formation in CKD mice without affecting serum creatinine levels. Incubation of CKD serum significantly reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p < 0.01) and increased sodium fluorescein permeability (p < 0.05) across the endothelial monolayer. Uremic toxins (i.e., indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide) in combination with urea and lipopolysaccharide induced a marked drop in TEER compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CKD promotes the development of CMH in aged mice independent of blood pressure but directly proportional to the degree of renal impairment. These effects of CKD are likely mediated in part by microglia and are associated with BBB impairment. The latter is likely related to gut-derived bacteria-dependent toxins classically associated with CKD. Overall, these findings demonstrate an important role of CKD in the development of cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Ling Lau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rudy Chang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Vallejo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Donghy Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Hung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachita K Sumbria
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Shanbrom Hall (Building 55), Room 121, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Jatupornpoonsub T, Thimachai P, Supasyndh O, Wongsawat Y. QEEG characteristics associated with malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:944988. [PMID: 36825130 PMCID: PMC9941172 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.944988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) has been linked to cerebral complications due to the comorbidity of malnutrition and inflammation, which is referred to as malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome (MICS). The severity of this condition is clinically assessed with the malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), and a cutoff of five is used to optimally distinguish patients with and without MICS. However, this tool is still invasive and inconvenient, because it combines medical records, physical examination, and laboratory results. These steps require clinicians and limit MIS usage on a regular basis. Cerebral diseases in ESRD patients can be evaluated reliably and conveniently by using quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG), which possibly reflects the severity of MICS likewise. Given the links between kidney and brain abnormalities, we hypothesized that some QEEG patterns might be associated with the severity of MICS and could be used to distinguish ESRD patients with and without MICS. Hence, we recruited 62 ESRD participants and divided them into two subgroups: ESRD with MICS (17 women (59%), age 60.31 ± 7.79 years, MIS < 5) and ESRD without MICS (20 women (61%), age 62.03 ± 9.29 years, MIS ≥ 5). These participants willingly participated in MIS and QEEG assessments. We found that MICS-related factors may alter QEEG characteristics, including the absolute power of the delta, theta, and beta 1 bands, the relative power of the theta and beta 3 subbands, the coherence of the delta and theta bands, and the amplitude asymmetry of the beta 1 band, in certain brain regions. Although most of these QEEG patterns are significantly correlated with MIS, the delta absolute power, beta 1 amplitude asymmetry, and theta coherence are the optimal inputs for the logistic regression model, which can accurately classify ESRD patients with and without MICS (90.0 ± 5.7% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). We suggest that these QEEG features can be used not only to evaluate the severity of cerebral disorders in ESRD patients but also to noninvasively monitor MICS in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirapoot Jatupornpoonsub
- Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Paramat Thimachai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ouppatham Supasyndh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yodchanan Wongsawat
- Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand,*Correspondence: Yodchanan Wongsawat ✉
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Rotondi S, Tartaglione L, Pasquali M, Ceravolo MJ, Mitterhofer AP, Noce A, Tavilla M, Lai S, Tinti F, Muci ML, Farcomeni A, Mazzaferro S. Association between Cognitive Impairment and Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040813. [PMID: 36839171 PMCID: PMC9964006 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and malnutrition are prevalent in patients on hemodialysis (HD), and they negatively affect the outcomes of HD patients. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairment and malnutrition may be associated, but clinical studies to assess this association in HD patients are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cognitive impairment evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and nutritional status evaluated by the malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) in HD patients. We enrolled 84 HD patients (44 males and 40 females; age: 75.8 years (63.5-82.7); HD vintage: 46.0 months (22.1-66.9)). The MISs identified 34 patients (40%) as malnourished; the MoCa scores identified 67 patients (80%) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Malnourished patients had a higher prevalence of MCI compared to well-nourished patients (85% vs. 70%; p = 0.014). MoCa score and MIS were negatively correlated (rho:-0.317; p < 0.01). Our data showed a high prevalence of MCI and malnutrition in HD patients. Low MoCA scores characterized patients with high MISs, and malnutrition was a risk factor for MCI. In conclusion, it is plausible that MCI and malnutrition are linked by common sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical risk factors rather than by a pathophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silverio Rotondi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ICOT Hospital, Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Ceravolo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Mitterhofer
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Tavilla
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ICOT Hospital, Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Muci
- Nephrology an Dialysis Unit, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Economics & Finance, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ICOT Hospital, Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649978393
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Basta M, Yassin HA, Aly RG, El Sayed NS. Possible protective effect of zinc administration on renal and cognitive changes occurring in uninephrectomized adult male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:253-267. [PMID: 36420617 PMCID: PMC10103884 DOI: 10.1113/ep090735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Are renal changes occurring post-nephrectomy accompanied by cognitive changes, and does early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized rats ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present? What is the main finding and its importance? Uninephrectomy-induced renal changes were accompanied by species-atypical behaviour in rats in both Morris water maze and T maze tests, together with hypozincaemia and hippocampal inflammatory and oxidative changes. Early zinc administration to uninephrectomized rats ameliorated the renal, behavioural, hippocampal and serum zinc changes. ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as an important consequence of kidney disease in humans. Kidney donation is a safe procedure but is known to increase the long-term risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Whether kidney donation impairs cognitive function is not known. In the present study, we examined whether the renal changes occurring post-nephrectomy were accompanied by cognitive changes as well, and whether early administration of zinc supplements such as ZnSO4 to uninephrectomized (UNX) rats could ameliorate the renal and cognitive changes if present. The present study included 30 adult male Wistar rats that were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 per group): sham-operated rats, UNX and UNX treated with ZnSO4 for 20 weeks. Before termination, rats were subjected to 24-h urine collection and behavioural testing with the Morris water maze and T maze tests. UNX induced significant proteinuria, renal functional, fibrotic and oxidative changes, as well as increased renal desmin expression. UNX rats also showed significant behavioural changes indicating spatial learning and memory affection, together with decreased hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and antioxidant capacity, and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. In addition, UNX induced significant hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia, as well as significant reduction in serum zinc, copper and selenium. Early administration of ZnSO4 starting 1 week post-nephrectomy significantly ameliorated renal and behavioural changes, as well as hippocampal oxidative, BDNF and GFAP changes. Additionally, Zn recovered serum changes of triglycerides, cholesterol, zinc and copper. Therefore, early administration of zinc to humans undergoing nephrectomy may be of benefit and should be considered in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Basta
- Department of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Hend A. Yassin
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Rania G. Aly
- Department of Medical PathologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Norhan S. El Sayed
- Department of Medical PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
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Haloi P, Chawla S, Konkimalla VB. Thermosensitive smart hydrogel of PEITC ameliorates the therapeutic efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106367. [PMID: 36572358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that accompanies chronic inflammation of joints with limited therapeutic options. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a bioactive phytochemical, exerts its chemopreventive, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity via the Nrf-2 pathway. However, limited water solubility, short half-life, and instability are reasons for the low bioavailability of PEITC that hampers clinical application. From studies in healthy rats, the performance of PEITC-loaded chitosan/pluronic F-127 smart hydrogel (PH) as a thermosensitive injectable demonstrated adequate thermosensitivity (gel formation), injectability (ease of administration), biocompatibility (with prolonged contact), pharmacokinetics (sustained drug release), and biosafety (nontoxic to major organs). In the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model, PEITC-hydrogel (PH50) injected into the knee joint lowered RA-related symptoms significantly (paw edema and arthritis score). Further, a marked reduction in bone erosion and inflammation-specific biomarkers was observed. Finally, this study demonstrates a smart injectable hydrogel optimally loaded with PEITC which is safe, biocompatible and exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in RA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Haloi
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Saurabh Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V Badireenath Konkimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni, Odisha 752050, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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15
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Basta M, Saleh SR, Aly RG, Dief AE. Resveratrol ameliorates the behavioural and molecular changes in rats exposed to uninephrectomy: role of hippocampal SIRT1, BDNF and AChE. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00937-x. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSubtle memory and cognitive changes may occur in uninephrectomized (Unix) patients long before the development of chronic kidney disease, such changes may be unnoticed. The dietary polyphenol, Resveratrol, displayed various neuroprotective effects, its role in chronic kidney disease is an area of intense studies. This work was designed to investigate the behavioural and molecular changes that may occur following 7 months of Unix in rats, and to determine whether Resveratrol intake can improve such pathology. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham operated, Unix and Unix group treated with Resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day). Rats were subjected to series of behavioural testing, different biochemical parameters along with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry of the hippocampal tissue to track the development of functional or structural brain changes. Anxiety behaviour and reduced spatial memory performance were observed in rats 7 months post-nephrectomy; these deficits were remarkably reversed with Resveratrol. Among the species typical behaviour, burrowing was assessed; it showed significant impairment post-nephrectomy. Resveratrol intake was almost able to increase the burrowing behaviour. Decreased SIRT1 in immune-stained sections, oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, and increased AChE activity in hippocampal homogenates were found in Unix rats, and Resveratrol once more was capable to reverse such pathological changes. This work has investigated the occurrence of behavioural and structural brain changes 7 months following Unix and underlined the importance of Resveratrol to counterbalance the behavioural impairment, biochemical and brain pathological changes after uninephrectomy. These findings may raise the possible protective effects of Resveratrol intake in decreased kidney function.
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Wijaya EA, Solek P, Hakim DDL, Rossanti R, Widiasta A, Hilmanto D. Factors Affecting Neurocognitive Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2022; 15:277-288. [PMID: 36329897 PMCID: PMC9624145 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s375242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In children, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been known to affect neurocognitive function which can impair the quality of life. This study aims to determine the factors and treatment modalities which might affect neurocognitive function in pediatric population with CKD. Patients and Methods A systematic review was done using 3 electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and carried out based on PRISMA guidelines. Our review included articles published in the last 10 years (2011–2021) in English, on children aged 0–18 years with CKD. Factors affecting the children’s neurocognitive function were assessed. Results Eight articles were included in this study. Three articles reported that parent’s education, especially maternal education affect the neurocognitive function of children with CKD. In relation with modalities, in general, children with CKD who had kidney transplant had a better neurocognitive outcome. A longer duration of hemodialysis (HD) was associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes. Other factors that can affect the neurocognitive function included depression, a history of abnormal births, seizures, and hypertension. Conclusion In children, CKD might cause neurocognitive function disorders through various complex and interconnected mechanisms. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism and prevention of neurocognitive disorders, as well as the best choice of therapeutic modality to improve both kidney function and neurocognitive function in children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrika A Wijaya
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Purboyo Solek
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dzulfikar D L Hakim
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rini Rossanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmedz Widiasta
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dany Hilmanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia,Correspondence: Dany Hilmanto, Tel +628122266879, Email
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Among the many difficult symptoms that patients with kidney disease experience, pruritus is one of the most frequent and troubling. Because a substantial amount of new information has accumulated, we seek here to review the subject. RECENT FINDINGS Pruritus is not only a common problematic symptom among patients with kidney disease, but its considerably more frequent than nephrologists recognize. The result for patients is not just uncomfortable itch but degraded quality of life as well. The pathogenesis is increasingly understood, but many aspects remain to be fully resolved. Importantly, research is progressing on treatment, leading to the first approved medication in the United States, difelikefalin, in August, 2021. SUMMARY As nephrology is progressing to a greater focus on patient symptoms, recognition of the importance of pruritus has led to increased interest and improved diagnosis and treatment options.
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Nguyen BT, Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Sharma N, Nah SY, Ko SK, Byun JK, Lee Y, Lei XG, Kim DJ, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Ginsenoside Re attenuates memory impairments in aged Klotho deficient mice via interactive modulations of angiotensin II AT1 receptor, Nrf2 and GPx-1 gene. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:2-19. [PMID: 35840016 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is known to possess anti-aging potential. Klotho mutant mice exhibit phenotypes that resemble the phenotype of the human aging process. Similar to Klotho deficient mice, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer vascular damage and cognitive impairment, which might upregulate the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. Since AT1 receptor expression was more pronounced than endothelin ET-1 expression in the hippocampus of aged Klotho deficient (±) mice, we focused on the AT1 receptor in this study. Ginsenoside Re (GRe), but not ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), significantly attenuated the increase in AT1 receptor expression in aged Klotho deficient mice. Both GRe and the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan failed to attenuate the decrease in phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 in aged Klotho deficient (±) mice but significantly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling. Both GRe and losartan attenuated the increased NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aged Klotho deficient mice. Furthermore, of all the antioxidant enzymes, GRe significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. GRe significantly attenuated the reduced phosphorylation of ERK and CREB in GPx-1 knockout mice; however, genetic overexpression of GPx-1 did not significantly affect them in aged mice. Klotho-, Nrf2-, and GPx-1-immunoreactivities were co-localized in the same cells of the hippocampus in aged Klotho wild-type mice. Both the GPx inhibitor mercaptosuccinate and Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol counteracted the effects of GRe on all neurobehavioral impairments in aged Klotho deficient (±) mice. Our results suggest that GRe attenuates all alterations, such as AT1 receptor expression, NOX-, ROS-, and GPx-levels, and cognitive dysfunction in aged Klotho deficient (±) mice via upregulation of Nrf2/GPx-1/ERK/CREB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kwon Ko
- Department of Oriental Medical Food & Nutrition, Semyung University, Jecheon, 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Byun
- Korea Society of Forest Environmental Research, Namyanju, 12106, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science & Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dae-Joong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Waseem W, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Zafar R, Anwar A, Saeed Jan M, Rashid U, Sadiq A, Ismail T. Prospective Evaluation of an Amide-Based Zinc Scaffold as an Anti-Alzheimer Agent: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26723-26737. [PMID: 35936440 PMCID: PMC9352245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common progressive neurodegenerative mental disorder associated with loss of memory, decline in cognitive function, and dysfunction of language. The prominent pathogenic causes of this disease involve deposition of amyloid-β plaques, acetylcholine neurotransmitter deficiency, and accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. There are multiple pathways that have been targeted to treat this disease. The inhibition of the intracellular cyclic AMP regulator phosphodiesterase IV causes the increase in CAMP levels that play an important role in the memory formation process. Organometallic chemistry works in a different way in treating pharmacological disorders. In the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals, zinc-based amide carboxylates have been shown to be a preferred pharmacophore. The purpose of this research work was to investigate the potential of zinc amide carboxylates in inhibition of phosphodiesterase IV for the Alzheimer's disease management. Swiss Albino mice under controlled conditions were divided into seven groups with 10 mice each. Group I was injected with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at 1 mL/100 g dose, group II was injected with Streptozotocin (STZ) at 3 mg/kg dose, group III was injected with Piracetam acting as a standard drug at 200 mg/kg dosage, while groups IV-VII were injected with a zinc scaffold at the dose regimen of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. All groups except group I were injected with Streptozotocin on the first day and third day of treatment at the dose of 3 mg/kg through an intracerebroventricular route to induce Alzheimer's disease. Afterward, respective treatment was continued for all groups for 23 days. In between the treatment regimen, groups were analyzed for memory and learning improvement through various behavioral tests such as open field, elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance tests. At the end of the study, different biochemical markers in the brain were estimated like neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline), oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), tau proteins, and amyloid-β levels. A PCR study was also performed. Results showed that the LD50 of the zinc scaffold is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Research indicated that the zinc scaffold has the potential to improve the memory impairment and learning behavior in Alzheimer's disease animal models in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose of 80 mg/kg, a maximum response was observed for the zinc scaffold. Maximum reduction in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme was observed at 80 mg/kg dose, which was further strengthened and verified by the PCR study. Oxidative stress was restored by the zinc scaffold due to the significant activation of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes. This research ended up with the conclusion that the zinc-based amide carboxylate scaffold has the potential to improve behavioral disturbances and vary the biochemical markers in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Waseem
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University (GCU) Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rehman Zafar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Anwar
- Department
of Pharmacy, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Umer Rashid
- Department
of Chemistry, Comsat University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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20
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Dutta A, Phukan BC, Roy R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Choudhury A, Kumar D, Bhattacharya P, Nath J, Kumar S, Borah A. Garcinia morella extract confers dopaminergic neuroprotection by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1887-1900. [PMID: 35622265 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuroprotection is the main interest in designing novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease (PD). In the process of dopaminergic degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation are significant. While the existing drugs provide symptomatic relief against PD, a therapy conferring total neuroprotection by targeting multiple degenerative pathways is still lacking. Garcinia morella is a common constituent of Ayurvedic medication and has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates whether administration of G. morella fruit extract (GME) in MPTP mouse model of PD protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, including the underlying pathophysiologies, and reverses the motor behavioural abnormalities. Administration of GME prevented the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and its terminals in the corpus striatum of PD mice. Subsequently, reversal of parkinsonian behavioural abnormalities, viz. akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing, was observed along with the recovery of striatal dopamine and its metabolites in the experimental model. Furthermore, reduced activity of the mitochondrial complex II in the nigrostriatal pathway of brain of the mice was restored after the administration of GME. Also, MPTP-induced enhanced activation of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the nigrostriatal pathway, which are the markers of inflammatory stress, were found to be ameliorated on GME treatment. Thus, our study presented a novel mode of dopaminergic neuroprotection by G. morella in PD by targeting the mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, which are considered to be intricately associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankumoni Dutta
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Behali, Biswanath, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Joyobrato Nath
- Department of Zoology, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
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21
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Cognitive Sequelae and Hippocampal Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease following 5/6 Nephrectomy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070905. [PMID: 35884712 PMCID: PMC9321175 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular factors and uremic toxins are involved with cognitive impairment in CKD. In addition, vascular dementia-induced alterations in the structure and function of the hippocampus can lead to deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. However, regardless of this clinical evidence, the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD is not fully understood. We used male Sprague Dawley rats and performed 5/6 nephrectomy to observe the changes in behavior, field excitatory postsynaptic potential, and immunostaining of the hippocampus following CKD progression. We measured the hippocampus volume on magnetic resonance imaging scans in the controls (n = 34) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hemodialysis patients (n = 42). In four cognition-related behavior assays, including novel object recognition, Y-maze, Barnes maze, and classical contextual fear conditioning, we identified deficits in spatial working memory, learning and memory, and contextual memory, as well as the ability to distinguish familiar and new objects, in the rats with CKD. Immunohistochemical staining of Na+/H+ exchanger1 was increased in the hippocampus of the CKD rat models. We performed double immunofluorescent staining for aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein and then verified the high coexpression in the hippocampus of the CKD rat model. Furthermore, results from recoding of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in the hippocampus showed the reduced amplitude and slope of fEPSP in the CKD rats. ESRD patients with cognitive impairment showed a significant decrease in the hippocampus volume compared with ESRD patients without cognitive impairment or the controls. Our findings suggest that uremia resulting from decreased kidney function may cause the destruction of the blood–brain barrier and hippocampus-related cognitive impairment in CKD.
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22
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Rroji M, Figurek A, Viggiano D, Capasso G, Spasovski G. Phosphate in the Context of Cognitive Impairment and Other Neurological Disorders Occurrence in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137362. [PMID: 35806367 PMCID: PMC9266940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and the kidneys are linked under physiological states to maintain normal body homeostasis. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can impair the central nervous system, including cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment (CI). Recently, kidney disease has been proposed as a new modifiable risk factor for dementia. It is reported that uremic toxins may have direct neurotoxic (astrocyte activation and neuronal death) and/or indirect action through vascular effects (cerebral endothelial dysfunction, calcification, and inflammation). This review summarizes the evidence from research investigating the pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity in the nervous system, raising the question of whether the control of hyperphosphatemia in CKD would lower patients’ risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merita Rroji
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, 1001 Tirana, Albania
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.V.); (G.C.)
- BioGeM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Goce Spasovski
- University Clinic for Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University St. Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
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23
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Kim DS, Kim SW, Gil HW. Emotional and cognitive changes in chronic kidney disease. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:489-501. [PMID: 35249316 PMCID: PMC9082446 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to cognitive impairment and emotional changes. However, the precise mechanism underlying the crosstalk between the kidneys and the nervous system is not fully understood. Inflammation and cerebrovascular disease can influence the development of depression in CKD. CKD is one of the strongest risk factors for cognitive impairment. Moreover, cognitive impairment occurs in CKD as patients experience the dysregulation of several brain functional domains due to damage caused to multiple cortical regions and to subcortical modulatory neurons. The differences in structural brain changes between CKD and non-CKD dementia may be attributable to the different mechanisms that occur in CKD. The kidney and brain have similar anatomical vascular systems, which may be susceptible to traditional risk factors. Vascular factors are assumed to be involved in the development of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD. Vascular injury induces white matter lesions, silent infarction, and microbleeds. Uremic toxins may also be directly related to cognitive impairment in CKD. Many uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate, are likely to have an impact on the central nervous system. Further studies are required to identify therapeutic targets to prevent changes in the brain in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan,
Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyo-Wook Gil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan,
Korea
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24
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de Donato A, Buonincontri V, Borriello G, Martinelli G, Mone P. The dopamine system: insights between kidney and brain. Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:493-505. [PMID: 35378538 DOI: 10.1159/000522132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in adult age and it is typical of older adults. Recent data suggest that almost half of the elders have CKD. It is now clear that CKD is accompanied, in the early stages, by cognitive impairment, together with depression and subtle abnormalities in motor control (such as gait and balance alterations). SUMMARY Several data suggest a link between brain dopamine and kidney diseases. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes can affect dopamine neuron survival (leading to Parkinson's Disease). Several uremic toxins in CKD (uric acid, indoxyl sulphate) and trace elements accumulating in CKD (aluminium, manganese) can also modify the dopaminergic system. Hormones produced by the kidney such as vitamin D are neuroprotective for dopamine neurons. Dopaminergic drugs are useful for the treatment of a common sleep disorder in CKD, the restless legs syndrome. However, experiments on animal models of CKD show conflicting results regarding a modification of dopamine neurons. KEY MESSAGES Several observations suggest a limited relevance of the dopaminergic system in CKD-related cognitive impairment. However, a common sleep disturbance in CKD, the restless leg syndrome, improves with dopaminergic drugs. Therefore, it remains to be established the role of the dopamine system in subtle motor dysfunction observed in CKD, such as tremors, gait alterations, and central sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Donato
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Buonincontri
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Borriello
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale, Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
- ASL Avellino, Avellino, Italy
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25
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Jain S, Rathnamala M, Narne VK. Evaluation of Auditory Processing and Working Memory Abilities in Individuals with Chronic Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis. AUDITORY PERCEPTION & COGNITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25742442.2022.2036538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saransh Jain
- Associate Professor in Audiology, Jss Institute of Speech and Hearing, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Monica Rathnamala
- Clinical Supervisor, Jss Institute of Speech and Hearing, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Narne
- Senior Research Scientist, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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26
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Araújo NC, Suassuna JHR, Fernandes RDCL. Transcranial sonography depicts a larger substantia nigra echogenic area in renal transplant patients on calcineurin inhibitors than on rapamycin. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:108. [PMID: 35300603 PMCID: PMC8931960 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After kidney transplantation neurologic manifestations may develop, including Parkinson's disease (PD). An enlarged substantia nigra (SN) by transcranial sonography has been recognized as a marker of PD. METHODS In renal transplant recipients (RTRs = 95) and controls (n = 20), measurement of mesencephalon, SN, third ventricle, spleen and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), kidney and spleen arteries Doppler resistive index (RI) were performed. RESULTS RTRs had larger SN, third ventricle and cIMT and higher renal RI than controls. The SN was larger in the CNIs group than in controls and rapamycin group, while the third ventricle was similar between patients but larger than in controls. In RTRs, SN showed a direct linear correlation with spleen and the third ventricle with age, cIMT and RI of the MCA, kidney and spleen. In CNIs group the SN correlated positively with age and cIMT, while the third ventricle reproduced RTRs correlations. Rapamycin group showed a direct linear relationship between the third ventricle and age and RI of the MCA, kidney and spleen; SN showed no correlations. CONCLUSION RTRs on CNIs present a larger SN area than on rapamycin, probably due to the antiproliferative effect of rapamycin. This finding might be relevant when interpreting TCS in RTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordeval Cavalcante Araújo
- Division of Nephrology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - José Hermógenes Rocco Suassuna
- Division of Nephrology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
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27
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Zhang L, Zhang TJ, Li Y, Xiong WJ. Shenqi Yanshen Formula (SQYSF) protects against chronic kidney disease by modulating gut microbiota. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5625-5637. [PMID: 35184655 PMCID: PMC8974014 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2023789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we make an elucidation toward both the therapeutic effect and the mechanism of Shenqi Yanshen Formula (SQYSF) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD mouse model was established and achieved in a way of adenine (200 mg/kg) perfusion. Six weeks later, those mice in the model group were fed with SQYSF (3.60 g/kg/day) every day (the captopril group was given 12.5 mg/kg/day by gavage every day, and control group and the model group were both given the gavage of equal volumes of normal saline); 4 weeks after the administration, we had our detection to physiological indicators of mice, performed ELISA assay to detect inflammatory factor expressions, then assay of 16S sequencing was used to reveal the difference of intestinal flora. Our results showed that after SQYSF treatment, both the expressions of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) came with a significant decline, indicating the outstanding performances of SQYSF in alleviating impairment in renal function and elevating mice’s physiological function. SQYSF significantly reduced the degree of renal fibrosis in CKD mice, and remarkably down-regulated the expressions of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κb), p65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Additionally, SQYSF has more than ability in significantly changing the composition in mice’s intestinal flora, but also in greatly increasing the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Aeromonadales in the mouse intestine. This study clarified the therapeutic effect of SQYSF on CKD and regulation of inflammatory factors and intestinal flora, and provided new ideas for treatment on CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Tai-Jun Zhang
- The Office of Academic Affairs, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
| | - Wei-Jian Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, Jiangbei, China
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28
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Zaki HM, Sliem H, Ibrahim HR, Yassine IA. Neurological Soft Signs in Non-diabetic End Stage Renal Disease Patients: Evaluation and Prediction. Neurol Res 2022; 44:645-650. [PMID: 35048798 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2028958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients on hemodialysis suffer from several serious complex neurological complications resulting in significant disability. Early detection of these complications during the asymptomatic phase may consent to early intervention to prevent or minimize the disability. To assess and predict neurological soft signs (NSS) in non-diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD) who do not suffer any apparent neurological symptoms. An analytical, cross-sectional study was done in Hemodialysis units in the Suez Canal University Hospitals. 96 ESRD adult patients on hemodialysis are exposed to: Medical history was taken via personal interview, laboratory tests, and clinical assessment of NSS using Heidelberg scale, and brain CT was done for 50 high-risk patients (hypertensive or those on dialysis for more than 5 years) to detect the presence of any probable neuro-radiological brain abnormalities. 79.2% of our studied ESRD patients on HD had positive NSS with a mean value of total score 8.5 ± 5.9. Strong positive correlations were present between NSS and Hb levels, duration of hemodialysis, and hypertension. CT had revealed no abnormality. NSS represent a reliable, affordable tool for regular bedside assessment of ESRD patients with HD who do not suffer any neurological symptoms for early detection of asymptomatic neurological lesions, especially since the CT brain scan did not show such changes early. The duration of hemodialysis, Hb level, and hypertension were independent predictors for the occurrence of silent neurological lesions in ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Sliem
- Department of Internal Medicine- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba R Ibrahim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Imane A Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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29
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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30
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Ertuglu L, Yildiz A, Gamboa J, Ikizler TA. Skeletal muscle energetics in patients with moderate to advanced kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:14-21. [PMID: 35108768 PMCID: PMC8816417 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as decrease in muscle function and mass, is common in patients with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed as one of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. Patients with moderate to advanced CKD have decreased muscle mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity along with suppressed activity of various mitochondrial enzymes such as mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and pyruvate dehydrogenase, leading to impaired energy production. Other mitochondrial abnormalities found in this population include defective beta-oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial DNA mutations. These changes are noticeable from the early stages of CKD and correlate with severity of the disease. Damage induced by uremic toxins, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation has been implicated in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in CKD patients. Given that mitochondrial function is an important determinant of physical activity and performance, its modulation is a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia in patients with kidney disease. Coenzyme Q, nicotinamide, and cardiolipin-targeted peptides have been tested as therapeutic interventions in early studies. Aerobic exercise, a well-established strategy to improve muscle function and mass in healthy adults, is not as effective in patients with advanced kidney disease. This might be due to reduced expression or impaired activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Further studies are needed to broaden our understanding of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and to develop mitochondrial-targeted therapies for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abdulmecit Yildiz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jorge Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T. Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Health Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Correspondence: T. Alp Ikizler Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, S-3223 Medical Center North, Nashville 37232, TN, USA. E-mail:
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31
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Bratek-Gerej E, Ziembowicz A, Godlewski J, Salinska E. The Mechanism of the Neuroprotective Effect of Kynurenic Acid in the Experimental Model of Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia: The Link to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111775. [PMID: 34829646 PMCID: PMC8615281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The over-activation of NMDA receptors and oxidative stress are important components of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Kynurenic acid (KYNA) acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist and is known as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, which makes it a potential therapeutic compound. This study aimed to establish the neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of KYNA in an experimental model of HI. HI on seven-day-old rats was used as an experimental model. The animals were injected i.p. with different doses of KYNA 1 h or 6 h after HI. The neuroprotective effect of KYNA was determined by the measurement of brain damage and elements of oxidative stress (ROS and glutathione (GSH) level, SOD, GPx, and catalase activity). KYNA applied 1 h after HI significantly reduced weight loss of the ischemic hemisphere, and prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex. KYNA significantly reduced HI-increased ROS, GSH level, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Only the highest used concentration of KYNA showed neuroprotection when applied 6 h after HI. The presented results indicate induction of neuroprotection at the ROS formation stage. However, based on the presented data, it is not possible to pinpoint whether NMDA receptor inhibition or the scavenging abilities are the dominant KYNA-mediated neuroprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bratek-Gerej
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Apolonia Ziembowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elzbieta Salinska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.)
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32
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Chetia Phukan B, Dutta A, Deb S, Saikia R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Bhattacharya P, Sandhir R, Borah A. Garcinol blocks motor behavioural deficits by providing dopaminergic neuroprotection in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of anti-inflammatory response. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:113-122. [PMID: 34633467 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood, studies in animal models revealed loss of dopamine and the dopaminergic neurons harbouring the neurotransmitter to be the principal cause behind this neuro-motor disorder. Neuroinflammation with glial cell activation is suggested to play a significant role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Several biomolecules have been reported to confer dopaminergic neuroprotection in different animal models of PD, owing to their anti-inflammatory potentials. Garcinol is a tri-isoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia sp. and accumulating evidences suggest that this molecule could provide neuroprotection by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, direct evidence of dopaminergic neuroprotection by garcinol in the pre-clinical model of PD is not yet reported. The present study aims to investigate whether administration of garcinol in the MPTP mouse model of PD may ameliorate the cardinal motor behavioural deficits and prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons. As expected, garcinol blocked the parkinsonian motor behavioural deficits which include akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing anomalies in the mice model. Most importantly, the degeneration of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra region was significantly prevented by garcinol. Furthermore, garcinol reduced the inflammatory marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the substantia nigra region. Since glial hyperactivation-mediated inflammation is inevitably associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, our study suggests the anti-inflammatory role of garcinol in facilitating dopaminergic neuroprotection in PD mice. Hence, in the light of the present study, it is suggested that garcinol is an effective anti-parkinsonian agent to block motor behavioural deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.,Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Bishwanath Chariali, Assam, India
| | - Satarupa Deb
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Rubul Saikia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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33
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Zaki HM, Sliem HA, Ibrahim HR, Yassine IA. Silent neurological lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging: Relationship to hyperparathyroidism among end-stage renal disease young patients on haemodialysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14569. [PMID: 34165847 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis (HD) suffer from several peripheral and central neurological complications. They are at high risk for developing silent neurological lesions (SNL) that may be detected accidentally by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many factors are implicated in the development of neurological deficits in ESRD patients on HD. AIM OF THE WORK Evaluation of SNL in young ESRD patients by using MRI and assessing its correlation with hyperparathyroidism. METHODS The study involved 48 young ESRD patients (mean age of 19.6 ± 6 years) with HD and do not have any apparent abnormalities in the neurological examination. Laboratory investigations and conventional brain MRI were done on all. RESULTS 79.2% have SBI and 45.8% have white matter lesions. Regression analysis revealed that calcium level and duration of dialysis were independent predictor factors for the presence of silent brain MRI lesions (P = .034 & 0.045 respectively). ROC curve showed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) level >585 pg/mL, duration of dialysis >2 years, and calcium level >7.5 mg/dL predicted the presence of SNL. CONCLUSION The duration of HD and hyperparathyroidism (HPT) were independent predictors for the presence of SNL. MRI brain is considered as a mandatory affordable tool for HD patients >2 years and has HPT for early detection of SNL to help early intervention and avoid neurological complications and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Sliem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba R Ibrahim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Imane A Yassine
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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34
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Gangalla R, Gattu S, Palaniappan S, Ahamed M, Macha B, Thampu RK, Fais A, Cincotti A, Gatto G, Dama M, Kumar A. Structural Characterisation and Assessment of the Novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 Exopolysaccharide on the Improvement of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172842. [PMID: 34502882 PMCID: PMC8434388 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RK3 was isolated from a sugar mill effluent-contaminated soil and utilised to generate a potential polysaccharide with anti-Alzheimer's activity. Traditional and molecular methods were used to validate the strain. The polysaccharide produced by B. amyloliquefaciens RK3 was purified, and the yield was estimated to be 10.35 gL-1. Following purification, the polysaccharide was structurally and chemically analysed. The structural analysis revealed the polysaccharide consists of α-d-mannopyranose (α-d-Manp) and β-d-galactopyranose (β-d-Galp) monosaccharide units connected through glycosidic linkages (i.e., β-d-Galp(1→6)β-d-Galp (1→6)β-d-Galp(1→2)β-d-Galp(1→2)[β-d-Galp(1→6)]β-d-Galp(1→2)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp (1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp(1→6)α-d-Manp). The scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging of polysaccharides emphasise their compactness and branching in the usual tubular heteropolysaccharide structure. The purified exopolysaccharide significantly impacted the plaques formed by the amyloid proteins during Alzheimer's disease. Further, the results also highlighted the potential applicability of exopolysaccharide in various industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gangalla
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Sampath Gattu
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India;
| | - Sivasankar Palaniappan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Baswaraju Macha
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
| | - Raja Komuraiah Thampu
- Department of Microbiology, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506009, India;
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (R.K.T.)
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Cincotti
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Gatto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Murali Dama
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (G.G.); (A.K.)
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35
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Viggiano D, Capasso G. How much time does it take to get cognitive impairment in kidney disease? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:203-204. [PMID: 34352108 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Viggiano
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,BIOGEM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Dept. Translational Medical Sciences, Univ. of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,BIOGEM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ariano Irpino, Italy
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36
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Zhang ZM, Yang L, Wan Y, Jiang S, Shang EX, Qian DW, Duan JA. The synergic renoprotective effect of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Corni Fructus on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats based on integrated plasma metabolomics and network pharmacology approach. Life Sci 2021; 278:119545. [PMID: 33930370 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RR) and Corni Fructus (CF) are commonly used together for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the clinical practices for thousands of years. However, little information on their synergy mechanism is available. MAIN METHODS In this study, an integrated approach combining ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabonomics and network pharmacology was adopted to elucidate the cooperation mechanism of RR and CF on the amelioration of CKD. Furthermore, the targets from network pharmacology and metabolism pathways were jointly analyzed. Finally, the activities of key metabolic enzymes were experimentally validated by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Metabolic profiling indicated that the metabolic disturbance in plasma was markedly alleviated after treatment. Nine putative biomarkers mainly involving in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism were identified. Moreover, the compound-target-pathway network of RR and CF for CKD treatment was constructed by network pharmacology, which was related to tyrosine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. The results were partly consistent with the findings of plasma metabolomics. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study solidly supported and enhanced current understanding of the synergy effects of RR and CF on CKD. Meanwhile, it also confirmed the feasibility of combining metabolomics and network pharmacology to identify active components and elucidate the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Miao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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37
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Beason-Held LL, Fournier D, Shafer AT, Fabbri E, An Y, Huang CW, Bilgel M, Wong DF, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM. Disease Burden Affects Aging Brain Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1810-1818. [PMID: 34329447 PMCID: PMC9757056 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most older adults live with multiple chronic disease conditions, yet the effect of multiple diseases on brain function remains unclear. METHODS We examine the relationship between disease multimorbidity and brain activity using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) 15O-water PET scans from 97 cognitively normal participants (mean baseline age 76.5) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Multimorbidity index scores, generated from the presence of 13 health conditions, were correlated with PET data at baseline and in longitudinal change (n=74) over 5.05 (2.74 SD) years. RESULTS At baseline, voxel-based analysis showed that higher multimorbidity scores were associated with lower relative activity in orbitofrontal, superior frontal, temporal pole and parahippocampal regions, and greater activity in lateral temporal, occipital and cerebellar regions. Examination of the individual health conditions comprising the index score showed hypertension and chronic kidney disease individually contributed to the overall multimorbidity pattern of altered activity. Longitudinally, both increases and decreases in activity were seen in relation to increasing multimorbidity over time. These associations were identified in orbitofrontal, lateral temporal, brainstem, and cerebellar areas. CONCLUSION Together, these results show that greater multimorbidity is associated with widespread areas of altered brain activity, supporting a link between health and changes in aging brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea T Shafer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
| | - Yang An
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
| | | | - Murat Bilgel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH
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38
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Takeo E, Sugiura Y, Ohnishi Y, Kishima H, Fukusaki E, Shimma S. Mass Spectrometric Enzyme Histochemistry for Choline Acetyltransferase Reveals De Novo Acetylcholine Synthesis in Rodent Brain and Spinal Cord. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2079-2087. [PMID: 34078081 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), responsible for the synthesis of acetylcholine, plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, no method to visualize the ChAT activity in tissues has been reported to date. In this study, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was used to visualize ChAT activity in situ, which is difficult with conventional enzyme histochemistry. By using choline chloride-trimethyl-d9 (choline-d9) as a substrate and simultaneously supplying an inhibitor of cholinesterase to tissues, we succeeded in directly visualizing the ChAT activity in the rodent brain and spinal cord. The findings revealed heterogeneous ChAT activity in the striatum of the mouse brain and in the spinal lower motor neurons that connect the anterior horn to the ventral root. Furthermore, extending the developed method to spinal cord injury (SCI) model mice revealed the site-specific effect of primary and secondary injury on ChAT activity. This study shows that the MSI-based enzyme histochemistry of ChAT could be a useful tool for studying cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Takeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate school of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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39
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Ambrozkiewicz MC, Borisova E, Schwark M, Ripamonti S, Schaub T, Smorodchenko A, Weber AI, Rhee HJ, Altas B, Yilmaz R, Mueller S, Piepkorn L, Horan ST, Straussberg R, Zaqout S, Jahn O, Dere E, Rosário M, Boehm-Sturm P, Borck G, Willig KI, Rhee J, Tarabykin V, Kawabe H. The murine ortholog of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome protein Ube3b regulates synapse number by ubiquitinating Ppp3cc. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1980-1995. [PMID: 32249816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome (KOS) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delays, microcephaly, and characteristic dysmorphisms. Biallelic mutations of UBE3B, encoding for a ubiquitin ligase E3B are causative for KOS. In this report, we characterize neuronal functions of its murine ortholog Ube3b and show that Ube3b regulates dendritic branching in a cell-autonomous manner. Moreover, Ube3b knockout (KO) neurons exhibit increased density and aberrant morphology of dendritic spines, altered synaptic physiology, and changes in hippocampal circuit activity. Dorsal forebrain-specific Ube3b KO animals show impaired spatial learning, altered social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. We further demonstrate that Ube3b ubiquitinates the catalytic γ-subunit of calcineurin, Ppp3cc, the overexpression of which phenocopies Ube3b loss with regard to dendritic spine density. This work provides insights into the molecular pathologies underlying intellectual disability-like phenotypes in a genetically engineered mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz C Ambrozkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 24, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Manuela Schwark
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Ripamonti
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theres Schaub
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Smorodchenko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ioana Weber
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Jun Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bekir Altas
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüstem Yilmaz
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE Ulm), Ulm University Hospital, Eythstraße 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Piepkorn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephen T Horan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Institute of Child Neurology, Schneider's Children Medical Center, Petah Tikvah, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sami Zaqout
- Basic Medical Science Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ekrem Dere
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marta Rosário
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guntram Borck
- Center for Rare Diseases (ZSE Ulm), Ulm University Hospital, Eythstraße 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katrin I Willig
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - JeongSeop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, pr. Gagarina 24, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-6 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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Hou YC, Huang CL, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Lin YF, Lu KC, Chung YL, Chen RM. The Role of Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein for Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:657794. [PMID: 34122041 PMCID: PMC8192845 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.657794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as the irreversible loss of renal function, necessitating renal replacement therapy. Patients with ESRD tend to have more risk factors for cognitive impairment than the general population, including hypertension, accumulative uremic toxin, anemia, and old age. The association between these risk factors and the pathologic protein was lacking. Blood-based assays for detecting pathologic protein, such as amyloid beta (Aβ), total tau protein, and neurofilament light chain (NfL), have the advantages of being less invasive and more cost-effective for diagnosing patients with cognitive impairment. The aim of the study is to validate if the common neurologic biomarkers were different in ESRD patients and to differentiate if the specific biomarkers could correlate with specific correctable risk factors. Methods: In total, 67 participants aged >45 years were enrolled. The definition of ESRD was receiving maintenance hemodialysis for >3 months. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of <24. The participants were divided into groups for ESRD with and without cognitive impairment. The blood-based biomarkers (tau protein, Aβ1/40, Aβ1/42, and NfL) were analyzed through immunomagnetic reduction assay. Other biochemical and hematologic data were obtained simultaneously. Summary of results: The study enrolled 43 patients with ESRD who did not have cognitive impairment and 24 patients with ESRD who had cognitive impairment [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): 27.60 ± 1.80 vs. 16.84 ± 6.40, p < 0.05]. Among the blood-based biomarkers, NfL was marginally higher in the ESRD with cognitive impairment group than in the ESRD without cognitive impairment group (10.41 ± 3.26 vs. 8.74 ± 2.81 pg/mL, p = 0.037). The concentrations of tau protein, amyloid β 1/42, and amyloid β 1/40 (p = 0.504, 0.393, and 0.952, respectively) were similar between the two groups. The area under the curve of NfL to distinguish cognitively impaired and unimpaired ESRD patients was 0.687 (95% confidence interval: 0.548-0.825, p = 0.034). There was no correlation between the concentration of NfL and MMSE among total population (r = -0.153, p = 0.277), patients with (r = 0.137, p = 0.583) or without cognitive impairment (r = 0.155, p = 0.333). Conclusion: Patients with ESRD who had cognitive impairment had marginally higher plasma NfL concentrations. NfL concentration was not correlated with the biochemical parameters, total MMSE among total population or individual groups with or without cognitive impairment. The concentrations of Aβ1/40, Aβ1/42, and tau were similar between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Lin Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Physiology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chung
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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YILMAZ DA, YILDIRIM MS, YILDIZ M, OKYAR G. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONSE TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.917658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging of the human population, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing every year. Chronic kidney disease is a general term that refers to heterogeneous disorders that affect kidney structure and function. Decrease in glomerular filtration can be defined as chronic and progressive deterioration in fluid-solute balance, metabolic and endocrine functions of the kidney. CKD often affects the elderly. With the advancement of age, some structural and functional changes occur in the kidneys. Therefore, the number of patients suffering from mild and moderate CKD is expected to increase in the future.CKD leads to the deep metabolic and hemodynamic changes that damage other organs, such as the heart and brain. CNS abnormalities and cognitive deficits progress with the severity of CBS and occurs mostly among hemodialysis patients. It also has great socio-economic effects on individuals. Since symptoms of CKD are not often found in patients, early recognition of risk factors is the main point. For this reason, it is necessary to identify possible protective and preventive treatments to be applied in at-risk groups and to examine these mechanisms for the treatment of the disease. This review provides available information on the relevant mechanisms.
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Kepchia D, Currais A, Dargusch R, Finley K, Schubert D, Maher P. Geroprotective effects of Alzheimer's disease drug candidates. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3269-3289. [PMID: 33550278 PMCID: PMC7906177 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Geroprotectors are compounds that slow the biological aging process in model organisms and may therefore extend healthy lifespan in humans. It is hypothesized that they do so by preserving the more youthful function of multiple organ systems. However, this hypothesis has rarely been tested in any organisms besides C. elegans and D. melanogaster. To determine if two life-extending compounds for Drosophila maintain a more youthful phenotype in old mice, we asked if they had anti-aging effects in both the brain and kidney. We utilized rapidly aging senescence-accelerated SAMP8 mice to investigate age-associated protein level alterations in these organs. The test compounds were two cognition-enhancing Alzheimer's disease drug candidates, J147 and CMS121. Mice were fed the compounds in the last quadrant of their lifespan, when they have cognitive deficits and are beginning to develop CKD. Both compounds improved physiological markers for brain and kidney function. However, these two organs had distinct, tissue-specific protein level alterations that occurred with age, but in both cases, drug treatments restored a more youthful level. These data show that geroprotective AD drug candidates J147 and CMS121 prevent age-associated disease in both brain and kidney, and that their apparent mode of action in each tissue is distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Kepchia
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio Currais
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Richard Dargusch
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kim Finley
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92115, USA
| | - David Schubert
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Ho YS, Lau CF, Lee K, Tan JY, Lee J, Yung S, Chang RCC. Impact of unilateral ureteral obstruction on cognition and neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 2021; 169:112-127. [PMID: 33422661 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Currently, limited types of animal models are available for studying cognitive impairment in CKD. We used unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice as an animal model to study the cognitive changes and related pathology under prolonged renal impairment METHODS: UUO was performed in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice with double-ligation of their left ureter. A sham group was subjected to the same experimental procedure without ureteral obstruction. Cognitive and behavioral tests were performed to examine potential changes in cognition and behavior at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Sera were collected, and kidneys and brains were harvested for the detection of systemic inflammation markers and neurodegenerative changes. RESULTS These mice displayed weak performance in the novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and puzzle box test compared to the sham group. Reductions in synaptic proteins such as synapsin-1, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, PSD95, NMDAR2B and AMPAR were confirmed by western blot analysis. Histological examination revealed elevated levels of Nrf2 and 8-hydroxyguanosine, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus. UUO mice also had increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the cognitive and neuropathological changes in UUO mice. The results show that this mouse model can be used to further study cognitive changes related to chronic renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chi-Fai Lau
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Krit Lee
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jia-Yan Tan
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Joyce Lee
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Zhao Y, Yi Y, Gu B, Wang H, Ma J, Guo Z. Echinacoside protects adenine-induced uremic rats from sciatic nerve damage by up-regulating α-Klotho. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2021; 21:413-421. [PMID: 34465681 PMCID: PMC8426649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic effect of Echinacoside on uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury and explore the specific molecular mechanism and role of α-Klotho. METHODS SD rats were given continuous gavage of adenine to prepare a uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury model. The model was given either Echinacoside or α-Klotho by gavage. Histopathological changes of kidney and sciatic nerve were detected by H&E staining. The changes of creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urine protein were detected by biochemical detection. The changes of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA. Nerve activity-related indicators were detected by biochemical detection. Changes in related mRNA and protein expression were detected by qPCR and western blot. RESULTS Creatinine, urea nitrogen, urine protein, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the model group were significantly increased and inhibited by Echinacoside and α-Klotho treatment with Echinacoside dose-dependence. Meanwhile, the activities of ATP concentration, potassium adenosine triphosphate (Na+, K+ ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed opposite trends. CONCLUSIONS Echinacoside can significantly relieve uremia-induced sciatic nerve injury in rats. Its specific molecular mechanism is related to the inhibition of the classical cellular pyroptosis pathway, which is likely achieved by promoting α-Klotho expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Jun Ma, Department of Nephrology, Jing’ an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China E-mail:
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Meléndez-Flores JD, Estrada-Bellmann I. Linking chronic kidney disease and Parkinson's disease: a literature review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1-12. [PMID: 32990929 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been typically implicated in cardiovascular risk, considering the function the kidney has related to blood pressure, vitamin D, red blood cell metabolism, and electrolyte and acid-base regulation. However, neurological consequences are also attributed to this disease. Among these, recent large epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with CKD. Multiple studies have evaluated individually the association of blood pressure, vitamin D, and red blood cell dysmetabolism with PD, however, no study has reviewed the potential mechanisms related to these components in context of CKD and PD. In this review, we explored the association of CKD and PD and linked the components of the former to propose potential pathways explaining a future increased risk for PD, where renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and inflammation have a main role. Potential preventive and therapeutic interventions based on these associations are also explored. More preclinical studies are needed to confirm the potential link of CKD conditions and future PD risk, whereas more interventional studies targeting this association are warranted to confirm their potential benefit in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús D Meléndez-Flores
- Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64700, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Estrada-Bellmann
- Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64700, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increasing prevalence, catalyzing properties in relation to cardiovascular and general mortality, and, in most cases, is asymptomatic, which means late diagnostic verifiability. The global average prevalence of CKD is 13.4%, and CKD C3-5 is 10.6%. The main causes of CKD C5 are diabetes mellitus (DM, 46.9%), hypertension (28.8%) and to a lesser extent, glomerulonephritis (7.1%) and polycystic diseases (2.8%), while other causes account for a total of 14.4%. Despite the simple diagnosis of CKD, one of the key problems of modern therapeutic and pediatric clinics is its low detection rate at the early stages, which, according to some data, reaches 96.6%. This review provides data on the criteria for the diagnosis of CKD, as well as more detailed consideration of the course of CKD in patients with DM, hypertension, and heart failure. Attention is paid to the medicinal origin of CKD, as well as to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders in CKD. General issues of treatment of patients with CKD are considered in detail. Lifestyle changes are an important part of the fight against the development and progression of CKD. Currently, Smoking, alcohol, and physical inactivity have been shown to have a harmful effect on the risk of developing and progressing CKD. Diet plays a certain preventive role. The main drugs with nephroprotective properties are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Both classes of drugs are effective in proteinuric forms of nephropathies and in combination/association of CKD with diabetes or hypertension. The review also provides data on the nephroprotective properties of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Given the high importance of identifying and effectively treating patients with CKD, it is necessary to focus on early detection of CKD, especially in high-risk groups. It is necessary to raise public awareness by creating and implementing programs for primary prevention of CKD, as well as awareness of patients, motivating them to follow the doctor's recommendations for a long time, including as part of the implementation of a non-drug strategy to combat CKD. It is important to use the full range of methods of drug therapy for CKD, including measures of universal nephroprotection. It should be remembered that the cost of late diagnosis of CKD is a reduction in life expectancy, primarily due to high rates of cardiovascular mortality, disability, and high-cost medication and kidney replacement therapy.
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Michna M, Kovarova L, Valerianova A, Malikova H, Weichet J, Malik J. Review of the structural and functional brain changes associated with chronic kidney disease. Physiol Res 2020; 69:1013-1028. [PMID: 33129242 PMCID: PMC8549872 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to profound metabolic and hemodynamic changes, which damage other organs, such as heart and brain. The brain abnormalities and cognitive deficit progress with the severity of the CKD and are mostly expressed among hemodialysis patients. They have great socio-economic impact. In this review, we present the current knowledge of involved mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Michna
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Molecular Evolution, Neurodevelopmental Roles and Clinical Significance of HECT-Type UBE3 E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112455. [PMID: 33182779 PMCID: PMC7697756 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination belongs to the best characterized pathways of protein degradation in the cell; however, our current knowledge on its physiological consequences is just the tip of an iceberg. The divergence of enzymatic executors of ubiquitination led to some 600–700 E3 ubiquitin ligases embedded in the human genome. Notably, mutations in around 13% of these genes are causative of severe neurological diseases. Despite this, molecular and cellular context of ubiquitination remains poorly characterized, especially in the developing brain. In this review article, we summarize recent findings on brain-expressed HECT-type E3 UBE3 ligases and their murine orthologues, comprising Angelman syndrome UBE3A, Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome UBE3B and autism spectrum disorder-associated UBE3C. We summarize evolutionary emergence of three UBE3 genes, the biochemistry of UBE3 enzymes, their biology and clinical relevance in brain disorders. Particularly, we highlight that uninterrupted action of UBE3 ligases is a sine qua non for cortical circuit assembly and higher cognitive functions of the neocortex.
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Safarpour Y, Vaziri ND, Jabbari B. Movement Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease - A Descriptive Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105408. [PMID: 33139171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to describe the mechanism of damage to subcortical structures in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to describe the range of movement disorders associated with CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have reviewed the Medline literature up to January of 2020 using key words movement disorders and chronic kidney disease. The reviewed articles were studied for mechanisms of subcortical damage in CKD as well as type of the reported movements, their frequency and updated treatment. RESULTS The search revealed 183 articles most of them dealing with restless legs syndrome. The damage to basal ganglia in CKD resulted from several mechanisms including accumulation of nitro tyrosine caused by reactive oxygen species and action of uremic toxins leading to endothelial damage and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier. Involuntary movements in CKD include restless legs syndrome (RLS), myoclonus, asterixis, dystonia, chorea, tremor, and Parkinsonism. CONCLUSIONS Chronic kidney disease can cause several abnormal involuntary movements via damaging basal ganglia and subcortical structures. The most common movement disorders in CKD are RLS, myoclonus and asterixis. Restless legs syndrome and myoclonus when severe, need and respond to treatment. Movement disorders in CKD improve with improvement of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Safarpour
- Department of Medicine. University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, United States.
| | - Bahman Jabbari
- Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, United States.
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50
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Shah B, Jagtap P, Sarmah D, Datta A, Raut S, Sarkar A, Bohra M, Singh U, Baidya F, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Cerebro-renal interaction and stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1279-1299. [PMID: 32979852 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is an event causing a disturbance in cerebral function leading to death and disability worldwide. Both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanistic approach between impaired renal function and stroke is limitedly explored and has attracted researchers to learn more for developing therapeutic intervention. Common risk factors such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, atrial fibrillation, arteriosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, etc. are observed in the general population, but are high in renal failure patients. Also, risk factors like bone mineral metabolism, uremic toxins, and anemia, along with the process of dialysis in CKD patients, eventually increases the risk of stroke. Therefore, early detection of risks associated with stroke in CKD is imperative, which may decrease the mortality associated with it. This review highlights mechanisms by which kidney dysfunction can lead to cerebrovascular events and increase the risk of stroke in renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birva Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Priya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Mariya Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Upasna Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Falguni Baidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
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