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Phillips HRP, Cameron EK, Eisenhauer N, Burton VJ, Ferlian O, Jin Y, Kanabar S, Malladi S, Murphy RE, Peter A, Petrocelli I, Ristok C, Tyndall K, van der Putten W, Beaumelle L. Global changes and their environmental stressors have a significant impact on soil biodiversity-A meta-analysis. iScience 2024; 27:110540. [PMID: 39262803 PMCID: PMC11387903 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying the main threats to soil biodiversity is crucial as soils harbor ∼60% of global biodiversity. Many previous meta-analyses investigating the impact of different global changes (GCs) on biodiversity have omitted soil fauna or are limited by the GCs studied. We conducted a broad-scale meta-analysis focused on soil fauna communities, analyzing 3,161 effect sizes from 624 publications studying climate change, land-use intensification, pollution, nutrient enrichment, invasive species and habitat fragmentation. Land-use intensification resulted in large reductions in soil fauna communities, especially for the larger-bodied groups. Unexpectedly, pollution caused the largest negative impact on soil biodiversity - particularly worrying due to continually increasing levels of pollution and poor mechanistic understanding of impacts relative to other GCs. Not all GCs and stressors were detrimental; organic-based nutrient enrichment often resulted in positive responses. Including soil biodiversity in large-scale analyses is vital to fully understand the impact of GCs across the different realms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen R P Phillips
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erin K Cameron
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Olga Ferlian
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiming Jin
- Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sahana Kanabar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sandhya Malladi
- JUNIA, Health & Environment, Team Environment, Lille, France
| | - Rowan E Murphy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anne Peter
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isis Petrocelli
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Ristok
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharine Tyndall
- Experimental Interaction Ecology Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wim van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
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Guerrini IA, da Silva JP, Lozano Sivisaca DC, de Moraes FG, Puglla CAY, de Melo Silva Neto C, Barroca Silva R, Pereira Justino ST, Roder LR, James JN, Capra GF, Ganga A. Evaluating carbon stocks in soils of fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forests (BAF) based on soil features and different methodologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10007. [PMID: 38693157 PMCID: PMC11063065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil's Atlantic Forest (BAF) is a highly fragmented, strategic environmental and socio-economic region that represents the fourth biodiversity hotspot while also producing many commodities that are exported globally. Human disturbance plays a pivotal role as a driver of BAF's soil dynamics and behaviors. The soils under Late Primary and Secondary Semideciduous Seasonal Forests (LPSF and LSSF) were characterized by high to moderate resilience, with improved chemical properties as human disturbance decreased. The Transitional Forest to Cerrado (TFC) had the worst soil conditions. Disturbed Primary and Secondary Semideciduous Seasonal Forests (DPSF and DSSF) represent a transitional stage between LPSF/LSSF and TFC. Accordingly, SOCs stocks increased from TFC << DPSF, DSSF < LPSF, LSSF. In BAF soils, to avoid unreliable data, SOCs measurements should be (i) conducted to at least 1 m soil depth and (ii) quantified with a CHN analyzer. Human disturbance strongly affected the positive feedback between vegetation succession, SOCs, and soil nutrition. Soil development decreased as human disturbance increased, thus negatively affecting SOCs. Soils in the BAF require a long time to recover after the end of human disturbance, thus suggesting that preservation strategies should be prioritized in remnant BAF fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraê Amaral Guerrini
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Pinheiro da Silva
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Deicy Carolina Lozano Sivisaca
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Felipe Góes de Moraes
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Celso Anibal Yaguana Puglla
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Carlos de Melo Silva Neto
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Center of Reference in Research and Innovation - CITELAB IFG, Goiânia, GO, 74594111, Brazil
| | - Rafael Barroca Silva
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Piandanna No 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sérvio Túlio Pereira Justino
- Department of Forest, Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Ribeiro Roder
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Piandanna No 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Gian Franco Capra
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Piandanna No 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ganga
- Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Piandanna No 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Arévalo-Hernández CO, Arévalo-Gardini E, Correa V JA, Souza Júnior JO, Neves JCL. Soil characteristics and allometric models for biometric characteristics and nutrient amounts for high yielding "Bolaina" (Guazuma crinita) trees. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2444. [PMID: 38286795 PMCID: PMC10825134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The Peruvian amazon is very diverse in native forestry species, the Guazuma crinita "Bolaina" being one of the most planted species in the country; however, little or no information about soil requirements and nutrient demands is known. The objective of this work was to assess the general conditions of soil fertility, biomass and macro- and micronutrient amounts in high-productivity Guazuma crinita plantations. Fields of high yielding Bolaina of different ages (1-10 years) were sampled in two regions. Soil and plant samples were collected in each field and biometric measurements of fresh weight, diameter at breast height and height were performed. For soil and plant analysis, both macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) were determined. Finally, allometric equations were constructed for biometric and nutrient amounts. This study is the first to assess and model macro- and micronutrient amounts in the productive cycle in this species, which grows in fertile soils. In the case of biometric equations, the logarithmic and logistic models performed better. For nutrient amounts, this species followed a pattern of Ca > N > K > P > S > Mg for macronutrients and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu for micronutrients. The best prediction models for nutrients were the square root and logistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Arévalo-Hernández
- Department of Soils, Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto, Peru.
- Professional School of Agronomic Engineering, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Yurimaguas, Peru.
- Department of Soils, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil.
| | - E Arévalo-Gardini
- Department of Soils, Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto, Peru
- Professional School of Agronomic Engineering, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Alto Amazonas (UNAAA), Yurimaguas, Peru
| | - J A Correa V
- Department of Soils, Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales (ICT), Tarapoto, Peru
| | - J O Souza Júnior
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - J C L Neves
- Department of Soils, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Brazil
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Ríos Guayasamín PD, Smith SM, Thomas SC. Biochar effects on NTFP-enriched secondary forest growth and soil properties in Amazonian Ecuador. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119068. [PMID: 37821334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation in the Amazon has resulted in large areas of depleted soils on abandoned pastures and agricultural sites that present a restoration challenge central to protecting biodiversity and ecosystem function in the region. Biochar - charcoal made from waste materials - can improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, but the few tropical field trials to date do not give consistent results regarding tree growth. This study presents three years of soil performance and tree growth of a secondary forest shading nontimber forest product (NTFP) plantations of Ocotea quixos (Lauraceae), Myroxylon balsamum (Fabaceae), and their mixture. Open kiln and traditional mound biochars were added at 10 t ha-1 at two sites with contrasting soil types. Biochar additions resulted in pronounced effects on soil properties that varied over time and with depth in the soil profile. Biochar additions generally increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and plant nutrients (in particular K, Ca, and N), but there were interactive effects of NTFP treatments, and stronger responses on the poorer soil type. Biochar amendments resulted in increased tree growth, with a 29 ± 12% increase in aboveground biomass (AGB) on plots amended with kiln biochar and a 23 ± 9% increase in plots with mound biochar compared to controls. Tree species also varied in growth responses to biochar additions, with the largest increases observed in Jaccaranda copaia and Piptocoma discolor. Significant interactions between biochar and NTFP treatments were also seen for tree growth responses, such as Cecropia spp., which only showed increased biomass on mound biochar plots planted with Ocotea quixos. Overall, our results demonstrate a stronger effect of biochar in less favorable soil conditions, and an overriding effect of the legume NTFP in richer soils, and suggest that additions of biochar and legumes are important options to increase productivity and ecological resilience in tropical forest restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Damián Ríos Guayasamín
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels, Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S3B3, Canada; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Estatal Amazónica - UEA, Campus Principal Km 2.1/2 vía a Napo (Paso Lateral) Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical Natural y Aplicada - LETNA, CEIPA, UEA, Km 44, Santa Clara, Pastaza - Arosemena Tola, Napo, Ecuador.
| | - Sandy M Smith
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels, Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S3B3, Canada
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels, Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S3B3, Canada
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Sardans J, Llusià J, Ogaya R, Vallicrosa H, Filella I, Gargallo-Garriga A, Peguero G, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Stahl C, Courtois EA, Bréchet LM, Tariq A, Zeng F, Alrefaei AF, Wang W, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Foliar elementome and functional traits relationships identify tree species niche in French Guiana rainforests. Ecology 2023; 104:e4118. [PMID: 37282712 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical niche (BN) hypothesis aims to relate species/genotype elemental composition with its niche based on the fact that different elements are involved differentially in distinct plant functions. We here test the BN hypothesis through the analysis of the 10 foliar elemental concentrations and 20 functional-morphological of 60 tree species in a French Guiana tropical forest. We observed strong legacy (phylogenic + species) signals in the species-specific foliar elemental composition (elementome) and, for the first time, provide empirical evidence for a relationship between species-specific foliar elementome and functional traits. Our study thus supports the BN hypothesis and confirms the general niche segregation process through which the species-specific use of bio-elements drives the high levels of α-diversity in this tropical forest. We show that the simple analysis of foliar elementomes may be used to test for BNs of co-occurring species in highly diverse ecosystems, such as tropical rainforests. Although cause and effect mechanisms of leaf functional and morphological traits in species-specific use of bio-elements require confirmation, we posit the hypothesis that divergences in functional-morphological niches and species-specific biogeochemical use are likely to have co-evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Helen Vallicrosa
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Guille Peguero
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Laëtitia M Bréchet
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Akash Tariq
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | | | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Cheng G, Zhang X, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Jing L, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang W. Tree diversity, growth status, and spatial distribution affected soil N availability and N 2O efflux: Interaction with soil physiochemical properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118375. [PMID: 37356331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for tree growth, and excessive N is a source of pollution. This paper aims to define the effects of plant diversity and forest structure on various aspects of soil N cycling. Herein, we collected soils from 720 plots to measure total N content (TN), alkali-hydrolyzed N (AN), nitrate N (NO3--N), ammonium N (NH4+-N) in a 7.2 ha experimental forest in northeast China. Four plant diversity indices, seven structural metrics, four soil properties, and in situ N2O efflux were also measured. We found that: 1) high tree diversity had 1.3-1.4-fold NO3--N, 1.1-fold NH4+-N, and 1.5-1.8-fold N2O efflux (p < 0.05). 2) Tree growth decreased soil TN, AN, and NO3--N by more than 13%, and tree mixing and un-uniform distribution increased TN, AN, and NH4+-N by 11-22%. 3) Soil organic carbon (SOC) explained 34.3% of the N variations, followed by soil water content (1.5%), tree diameter (1.5%) and pH (1%), and soil bulk density (0.5%). SOC had the most robust linear relations to TN (R2 = 0.59) and AN (R2 = 0.5). 4) The partial least squares path model revealed that the tree diversity directly increased NO3--N, NH4+-N, and N2O efflux, and they were strengthened indirectly from soil properties by 1%-4%. The effects of tree size-density (-0.24) and spatial structure (0.16) were mainly achieved via their soil interaction and thus indirectly decreased NH4+-N, AN, and TN. Overall, high tree diversity forests improved soil N availability and N2O efflux, and un-uniform spatial tree assemblages could partially balance the soil N consumed by tree growth. Our data support soil N management in high northern hemisphere temperate forests from tree diversity and forest structural regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Meina Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, 130102, China.
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7
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Ferrenberg S, Vázquez‐González C, Lee SR, Kristupaitis M. Divergent growth‐differentiation balance strategies and resource competition shape mortality patterns in ponderosa pine. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Ferrenberg
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Carla Vázquez‐González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine California USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia National Spanish Research Council Pontevedra Spain
| | - Steven R. Lee
- Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - Milda Kristupaitis
- Department of Biology New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
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Boeschoten LE, Sass-Klaassen U, Vlam M, Comans RNJ, Koopmans GF, Meyer-Sand BRV, Tassiamba SN, Tchamba MT, Zanguim HT, Zemtsa PT, Zuidema PA. Clay and soil organic matter drive wood multi-elemental composition of a tropical tree species: Implications for timber tracing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157877. [PMID: 35944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forensic methods to independently trace timber origin are essential to combat illegal timber trade. Tracing product origin by analysing their multi-element composition has been successfully applied in several commodities, but its potential for timber is not yet known. To evaluate this potential the drivers of wood multi-elemental composition need to be studied. Here we report on the first study relating wood multi-elemental composition of forest trees to soil chemical and physical properties. We studied the reactive soil element pools and the multi-elemental composition in sapwood and heartwood for 37 Azobé (Lophira alata) trees at two forest sites in Cameroon. A total of 46 elements were measured using ICP-MS. We also measured three potential drivers of soil and wood elemental composition: clay content, soil organic matter and pH. We tested associations between soil and wood using multiple regressions and multivariate analyses (Mantel test, db-RDA). Finally, we performed a Random Forest analysis of heartwood elemental composition to check site assignment accuracy. We found elemental compositions of soil, sapwood and heartwood to be significantly associated. Soil clay content and organic matter positively influenced individual element concentrations (for 13 and 9 elements out of 46 respectively) as well as the multi-elemental composition in wood. However, associations between wood and topsoil elemental concentrations were only significant for one element. We found close associations between element concentrations and composition in sapwood and heartwood. Lastly, the Random Forest assignment success was 97.3 %. Our findings indicate that wood elemental composition is associated with that in the topsoil and its variation is related to soil clay and organic matter content. These associations suggests that the multi-elemental composition of wood can yield chemical fingerprints obtained from sites that differ in soil properties. This finding in addition to the high assignment accuracy shows potential of multi-element analysis for tracing wood origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Boeschoten
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.
| | - Ute Sass-Klaassen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Forest and Nature Management, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Rob N J Comans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin F Koopmans
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Steve N Tassiamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martin T Tchamba
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Herman T Zanguim
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pascaline T Zemtsa
- Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pieter A Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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9
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Corrêa V, Gonçalves J, Costa K, Oliveira I, Santos J, Oliveira S, Ferreira M, Lima R, Araújo W, Nunes-Nesi A. The Role of Phosphate Fertilization on Physiological Responses of the Young Bertholletia excelsa Plants Grown in a P-Deficient Amazon Ferralsol. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2955. [PMID: 36365407 PMCID: PMC9657814 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) reacts with soil minerals, which makes it less available to plants. Considering that Amazonian soils have a low pH and nutrient availability, both of these properties contribute to an increase in P limitation. Here, we investigate how the addition of P to the substrate affects morpho-physiological traits of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 24-month-old saplings, and the P treatments consisted of a control (Ferrasol without P addition) and 100, 200, 400, and 500 mg P kg-1 of added to the soil. When B. excelsa saplings were fertilized with phosphate, the N:P leaf ratio reduced from 50 to 26. Addition of P favored the photochemical efficiency of PSII (FV/FM), and the application of 200 mg kg-1 increased photosynthesis (PN) by 50%. Furthermore, phosphorus enhanced light and nutrient use efficiency. An increase in B. excelsa dry biomass was observed when 200 mg P kg-1 was added, with maximum yield occurring at 306.2 mg P kg-1. Physiological parameters suggest robust responses by B. excelsa to P fertilization. In addition, our findings reveal the critical role of P on B. excelsa growth in Ferralsol, as well as the potential of P fertilization to improve functional traits of this important Amazonian tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Corrêa
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFRO), Rua Rio Amazonas, 151, Jardim dos Migrantes, Ji-Paraná 76900-310, RO, Brazil
| | - José Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (MCTI-INPA), Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus 69011-970, AM, Brazil
| | - Karen Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Studies in Agrarian and Regional Development (IEDAR), Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Rodovia BR-230 (Transamazônica), Cidade Jardim, Marabá 68500-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Igor Oliveira
- Bionorte Graduate Program (BIONORTE), Amazonas State University, Rua Carvalho Leal A, 1777, Bairro Cachoeirinha, Manaus 69065-001, AM, Brazil
| | - José Santos
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Avenida General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (MCTI-INPA), Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus 69011-970, AM, Brazil
| | - Marciel Ferreira
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Avenida General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
| | - Roberval Lima
- Embrapa Western Amazon, Research and Development, Rodovia AM 010, km 29, Manaus 69010-970, AM, Brazil
| | - Wagner Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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10
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Ellsworth DS, Crous KY, De Kauwe MG, Verryckt LT, Goll D, Zaehle S, Bloomfield KJ, Ciais P, Cernusak LA, Domingues TF, Dusenge ME, Garcia S, Guerrieri R, Ishida FY, Janssens IA, Kenzo T, Ichie T, Medlyn BE, Meir P, Norby RJ, Reich PB, Rowland L, Santiago LS, Sun Y, Uddling J, Walker AP, Weerasinghe KWLK, van de Weg MJ, Zhang YB, Zhang JL, Wright IJ. Convergence in phosphorus constraints to photosynthesis in forests around the world. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5005. [PMID: 36008385 PMCID: PMC9411118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests take up more carbon (C) from the atmosphere per annum by photosynthesis than any other type of vegetation. Phosphorus (P) limitations to C uptake are paramount for tropical and subtropical forests around the globe. Yet the generality of photosynthesis-P relationships underlying these limitations are in question, and hence are not represented well in terrestrial biosphere models. Here we demonstrate the dependence of photosynthesis and underlying processes on both leaf N and P concentrations. The regulation of photosynthetic capacity by P was similar across four continents. Implementing P constraints in the ORCHIDEE-CNP model, gross photosynthesis was reduced by 36% across the tropics and subtropics relative to traditional N constraints and unlimiting leaf P. Our results provide a quantitative relationship for the P dependence for photosynthesis for the front-end of global terrestrial C models that is consistent with canopy leaf measurements. Phosphorus (P) limitation is pervasive in tropical forests. Here the authors analyse the dependence of photosynthesis on leaf N and P in tropical forests, and show that incorporating leaf P constraints in a terrestrial biosphere model enhances its predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Lehrstuhl für Physische Geographie mit Schwerpunkt Klimaforschung, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo-Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Geosciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard J Norby
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, US
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA/CNRS/Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines/ Université de Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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11
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Climatic and biotic factors influencing regional declines and recovery of tropical forest biomass from the 2015/16 El Niño. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2101388119. [PMID: 35733266 PMCID: PMC9245643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101388119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2015/16 El Niño brought severe drought and record-breaking temperatures in the tropics. Here, using satellite-based L-band microwave vegetation optical depth, we mapped changes of above-ground biomass (AGB) during the drought and in subsequent years up to 2019. Over more than 60% of drought-affected intact forests, AGB reduced during the drought, except in the wettest part of the central Amazon, where it declined 1 y later. By the end of 2019, only 40% of AGB reduced intact forests had fully recovered to the predrought level. Using random-forest models, we found that the magnitude of AGB losses during the drought was mainly associated with regionally distinct patterns of soil water deficits and soil clay content. For the AGB recovery, we found strong influences of AGB losses during the drought and of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is a parameter related to canopy structure and is defined as the ratio of two relative height (RH) metrics of Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data-RH25 (25% energy return height) and RH100 (100% energy return height; i.e., top canopy height). A high [Formula: see text] may reflect forests with a tall understory, thick and closed canopy, and/or without degradation. Such forests with a high [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] ≥ 0.3) appear to have a stronger capacity to recover than low-[Formula: see text] ones. Our results highlight the importance of forest structure when predicting the consequences of future drought stress in the tropics.
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12
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Shen F, Liu W, Duan H, Wu J, Wu C, Liao Y, Yuan Y, Fan H. High N Storage but Low N Recovery After Long-Term N-Fertilization in a Subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation Ecosystem: A 14-Year Case Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:914176. [PMID: 35800613 PMCID: PMC9255632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.914176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forests are among the most important N pools of all terrestrial ecosystems. Elevated atmospheric N deposition in recent decades has led to increased interest in the influences of N application on forest N cycles. However, accurate assessments of N storage in forest ecosystems remain elusive. We used a 14-year experiment of a Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] plantation to explore how long-term N fertilization affected N storage and recovery rates. Our study plots were located in a field that had been continuously fertilized over 14 years (2004-2017) with urea at rates of 0 (N0, control), 60 (N60, low-N), 120 (N120, medium-N), and 240 (N240, high-N) kg N hm-2a-1. Data were collected that included N content and biomass in the understory, litter, and various plant organs (i.e., leaves, branches, stems, roots, and bark), as well as soil N content and density at different depths. Results showed that the total ecosystem N storage in the N-fertilized plots was 1.1-1.4 times higher than that in the control plots. About 12.36% of the total ecosystem N was stored in vegetation (plant organs, litter, and understory) and 87.64% was stored in soil (0-60 cm). Plant organs, litter, and soil had higher N storage than the understory layer. Significantly higher plant N uptake was found in the medium-N (1.2 times) and high-N (1.4 times) treatments relative to the control. The N recovery rate of the understory layer in the N-fertilized treatments was negative and less than that in the control. Application of long-term N fertilizer to this stand led to a low N recovery rate (average 11.39%) and high loss of N (average 91.86%), which indicate low N use efficiency in the Chinese fir plantation ecosystem. Our findings further clarify the distribution of N in an important terrestrial ecosystem and improve our understanding of regional N cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Shen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingchun Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinghong Yuan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Houbao Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems and Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
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13
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Bartholomew DC, Banin LF, Bittencourt PRL, Suis MAF, Mercado LM, Nilus R, Burslem DFRP, Rowland LR. Differential nutrient limitation and tree height control leaf physiology, supporting niche partitioning in tropical dipterocarp forests. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - L. F. Banin
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik Midlothian UK
| | | | - M. A. F. Suis
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - L. M. Mercado
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford UK
| | - R. Nilus
- Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | | | - L. R. Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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14
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Jian Z, Ni Y, Lei L, Xu J, Xiao W, Zeng L. Phosphorus is the key soil indicator controlling productivity in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153525. [PMID: 35104531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil physiochemical properties are critical to understanding forest productivity and carbon (C) finance schemes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have focused on the effects of the soil physiochemical properties on the productivity in planted forests. This study was therefore conducted at 113 sampling plots located in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China to test what and how the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) would be explained by the soil physiochemical properties, stand attributes, and functional traits using regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). Across subtropical China, the ANPP ranged from 1.79 to 14.04 Mg ha-1 year-1 among the plots, with an average value of 6.05 Mg ha-1 year-1. The variations in ANPP were positively related to the stand density, root phosphorus (P) content and soil total P content but were negatively related to the stand age, root C:P and N:P ratios. Among these factors, the combined effects of stand density, stand age and soil total P content explained 35% of the ANPP variations. The SEM results showed the indirect effect of the soil total P content via the root P content and C:P ratio on the ANPP and indirect effects of other soil properties (e.g., pH, clay, and bulk density) via the soil total P content and root functional traits (e.g., root P, C:P, and N:P) on the ANPP. By considering all possible variables and paths, the best-fitting SEM explained only 11-13% of the ANPP variations, which suggested that other factors may be more important in determining the productivity in planted forests. Overall, this study highlights that soil total P content should be used as a key soil indicator for determining the ANPP in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China, and suggests that the root functional traits mediate the effects of soil properties on the ANPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Jian
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Ni
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.
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15
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Reichert T, Rammig A, Fuchslueger L, Lugli LF, Quesada CA, Fleischer K. Plant phosphorus-use and -acquisition strategies in Amazonia. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1126-1143. [PMID: 35060130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the tropical rainforest of Amazonia, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients controlling forest dynamics, but its effects on the future of the forest biomass carbon (C) storage under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations remain uncertain. Soils in vast areas of Amazonia are P-impoverished, and little is known about the variation or plasticity in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies across space and time, hampering the accuracy of projections in vegetation models. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of leaf P resorption, fine-root P foraging, arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, and root acid phosphatase and organic acid exudation and discuss how these strategies vary with soil P concentrations and in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 . We identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways forward to fill those gaps. Additionally, we propose a conceptual framework for the variations in plant P-use and -acquisition strategies along soil P gradients of Amazonia. We suggest that in soils with intermediate to high P concentrations, at the plant community level, investments are primarily directed to P foraging strategies via roots and arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas in soils with intermediate to low P concentrations, investments shift to prioritize leaf P resorption and mining strategies via phosphatases and organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Reichert
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Anja Rammig
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Laynara F Lugli
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, 69060-062, Brazil
| | - Katrin Fleischer
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, 85354, Germany
- Department Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, 07745, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Mankind expects from forests and forest soils benefits like pure drinking water, space for recreation, habitats for nature-near biocenoses and the production of timber as unrivaled climate-friendly raw material. An overview over 208 recent articles revealed that ecosystem services are actually the main focus in the perception of forest soil functions. Studies on structures and processes that are the basis of forest soil functions and ecosystem services are widely lacking. Therefore, additional literature was included dealing with the distinct soil structure and high porosity and pore continuity of forest soils, as well as with their high biological activity and chemical soil reaction. Thus, the highly differentiated, hierarchical soil structure in combination with the ion exchange capacity and the acid buffering capacity could be described as the main characteristics of forest soils confounding the desired ecosystem services. However, some of these functions of forest soils are endangered under the influence of environmental change or even because of forest management, like mono-cultures or soil compaction through forest machines. In the face of the high vulnerability of forest soils and increased threads, e.g., through soil acidification, it is evident that active soil management strategies must be implemented with the aim to counteract the loss of soil functions or to recover them.
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17
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Bin Rahmad Z, Johari MS, Addo-Fordjour P. Local environmental factors shape liana community structure along an elevation gradient in a tropical rainforest. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1916214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Bin Rahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Patrick Addo-Fordjour
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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18
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Llusià J, Asensio D, Sardans J, Filella I, Peguero G, Grau O, Ogaya R, Gargallo-Garriga A, Verryckt LT, Van Langenhove L, Brechet LM, Courtois E, Stahl C, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Contrasting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on soil terpene exchanges in a tropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149769. [PMID: 34464786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Production, emission, and absorption of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in ecosystem soils and associated impacts of nutrient availability are unclear; thus, predictions of effects of global change on source-sink dynamic under increased atmospheric N deposition and nutrition imbalances are limited. Here, we report the dynamics of soil BVOCs under field conditions from two undisturbed tropical rainforests from French Guiana. We analyzed effects of experimental soil applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and N + P on soil BVOC exchanges (in particular of total terpenes, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes), to determine source and sink dynamics between seasons (dry and wet) and elevations (upper and lower elevations corresponding to top of the hills (30 m high) and bottom of the valley). We identified 45 soil terpenoids compounds emitted to the atmosphere, comprising 26 monoterpenes and 19 sesquiterpenes; of these, it was possible to identify 13 and 7 compounds, respectively. Under ambient conditions, soils acted as sinks of these BVOCs, with greatest soil uptake recorded for sesquiterpenes at upper elevations during the wet season (-282 μg m-2 h-1). Fertilization shifted soils from a sink to source, with greatest levels of terpene emissions recorded at upper elevations during the wet season, following the addition of N (monoterpenes: 406 μg m-2 h-1) and P (sesquiterpenes: 210 μg m-2 h-1). Total soil terpene emission rates were negatively correlated with total atmospheric terpene concentrations. These results indicate likely shifts in tropical soils from sink to source of atmospheric terpenes under projected increases in N deposition under global change, with potential impacts on regional-scale atmospheric chemistry balance and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guille Peguero
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, Research Group PLECO (Plant and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of Biology, Research Group PLECO (Plant and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laëtitia M Brechet
- INRAE, UMR Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana; Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Elodie Courtois
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Clément Stahl
- INRAE, UMR Ecology of Guiana Forests (Ecofog), AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97387 Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, Research Group PLECO (Plant and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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19
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Water Availability Controls the Biomass Increment of Melia dubia in South India. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmland tree cultivation is considered an important option for enhancing wood production. In South India, the native leaf-deciduous tree species Melia dubia is popular for short-rotation plantations. Across a rainfall gradient from 420 to 2170 mm year–1, we studied 186 farmland woodlots between one and nine years in age. The objectives were to identify the main factors controlling aboveground biomass (AGB) and growth rates. A power-law growth model predicts an average stand-level AGB of 93.8 Mg ha–1 for nine-year-old woodlots. The resulting average annual AGB increment over the length of the rotation cycle is 10.4 Mg ha–1 year–1, which falls within the range reported for other tropical tree plantations. When expressing the parameters of the growth model as functions of management, climate and soil variables, it explains 65% of the variance in AGB. The results indicate that water availability is the main driver of the growth of M. dubia. Compared to the effects of water availability, the effects of soil nutrients are 26% to 60% smaller. We conclude that because of its high biomass accumulation rates in farm forestry, M. dubia is a promising candidate for short-rotation plantations in South India and beyond.
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20
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Peguero G, Ferrín M, Sardans J, Verbruggen E, Ramírez-Rojas I, Van Langenhove L, Verryckt LT, Murienne J, Iribar A, Zinger L, Grau O, Orivel J, Stahl C, Courtois EA, Asensio D, Gargallo-Garriga A, Llusià J, Margalef O, Ogaya R, Richter A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J. Decay of similarity across tropical forest communities: integrating spatial distance with soil nutrients. Ecology 2021; 103:e03599. [PMID: 34816429 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that drive the change of biotic assemblages over space and time is the main quest of community ecology. Assessing the relative importance of dispersal and environmental species selection in a range of organismic sizes and motilities has been a fruitful strategy. A consensus for whether spatial and environmental distances operate similarly across spatial scales and taxa, however, has yet to emerge. We used censuses of four major groups of organisms (soil bacteria, fungi, ground insects, and trees) at two observation scales (1-m2 sampling point vs. 2,500-m2 plots) in a topographically standardized sampling design replicated in two tropical rainforests with contrasting relationships between spatial distance and nutrient availability. We modeled the decay of assemblage similarity for each taxon set and site to assess the relative contributions of spatial distance and nutrient availability distance. Then, we evaluated the potentially structuring effect of tree composition over all other taxa. The similarity of nutrient content in the litter and topsoil had a stronger and more consistent selective effect than did dispersal limitation, particularly for bacteria, fungi, and trees at the plot level. Ground insects, the only group assessed with the capacity of active dispersal, had the highest species turnover and the flattest nonsignificant distance-decay relationship, suggesting that neither dispersal limitation nor nutrient availability were fundamental drivers of their community assembly at this scale of analysis. Only the fungal communities at one of our study sites were clearly coordinated with tree composition. The spatial distance at the smallest scale was more important than nutrient selection for the bacteria, fungi, and insects. The lower initial similarity and the moderate variation in composition identified by these distance-decay models, however, suggested that the effects of stochastic sampling were important at this smaller spatial scale. Our results highlight the importance of nutrients as one of the main environmental drivers of rainforest communities irrespective of organismic or propagule size and how the overriding effect of the analytical scale influences the interpretation, leading to the perception of greater importance of dispersal limitation and ecological drift over selection associated with environmental niches at decreasing observation scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guille Peguero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Ferrín
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Irene Ramírez-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lore T Verryckt
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jerome Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Amaia Iribar
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Zinger
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oriol Grau
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Jerome Orivel
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMER, 97300, Cayenne, France
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Olga Margalef
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, 08913, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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21
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Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090702. [PMID: 34575740 PMCID: PMC8471983 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is conducted in the short-rotation plantations from the Afromontane Region of Ethiopia. Sporocarps were sampled weekly in a set of permanent plots (100 m2) in young, medium-aged, and mature Pinus radiata (Don) plantations. Fungal richness, diversity, and sporocarp yields were estimated. Composite soil samples were also collected from each plot to determine explanatory edaphic variables for taxa composition. We collected 92 fungal taxa, of which 8% were ectomycorrhizal (ECM). Taxa richness, the Shannon diversity index, and ECM species richness were higher in mature stands. Interestingly, 26% of taxa were classified as edible. Sporocarp yield showed increasing trends towards matured stands. OM and C/N ratio significantly affected fungal composition and sporocarp production. The deliberate retention of mature trees in a patch form rather than clear felling of the plantations could be useful to conserve and promote fungal diversity and production, including valuable taxa such as Morchella, Suillus, and Tylopilus in older stands. This approach has important implications for forest floor microhabitats, which are important for macrofungal occurrence and production. Thus, this strategy could improve the economic outputs of these plantations in the Afromontane Region, while the mature trees could serve as a bridge for providing fungal inocula to the new plantations.
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22
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Silva-Olaya AM, Mora-Motta DA, Cherubin MR, Grados D, Somenahally A, Ortiz-Morea FA. Soil enzyme responses to land use change in the tropical rainforest of the Colombian Amazon region. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255669. [PMID: 34407107 PMCID: PMC8372923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil enzymes mediate key processes and functions of the soils, such as organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here, we studied the activity of five extracellular soil enzymes involved in the C, N, and P-mineralizing process in both litter and surface soil layer of rainforest in the northwest region of the Colombian Amazon and the response of those soil enzymes to land use change. The experimental study design included six study sites for comparing long-term pasture systems to native forest and regeneration practices after pasture, within the main landscapes of the region, mountain and hill landscapes separately. Results showed considerable enzymatic activity in the litter layer of the forest, highlighting the vital role of this compartment in the nutrient cycling of low fertility soils from tropical regions. With the land use transition to pastures, changes in soil enzymatic activities were driven by the management of pastures, with SOC and N losses and reduced absolute activity of soil enzymes in long-term pastures under continuous grazing (25 years). However, the enzyme activities expressed per unit of SOC did not show changes in C and N-acquiring enzymes, suggesting a higher mineralization potential in pastures. Enzymatic stoichiometry analysis indicated a microbial P limitation that could lead to a high catabolic activity with a potential increase in the use of SOC by microbial communities in the search for P, thus affecting soil C sequestration, soil quality and the provision of soil-related ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dúber A. Mora-Motta
- Amazonian Research Center CIMAZ-MACAGUAL, University of the Amazon, Florencia, Colombia
| | - Maurício R. Cherubin
- Department of Soil Science, ‘‘Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grados
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Esquina Gamarra y General Valle s/n Chucuito, Callao, Perú
| | - Anil Somenahally
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, Overton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fausto A. Ortiz-Morea
- Amazonian Research Center CIMAZ-MACAGUAL, University of the Amazon, Florencia, Colombia
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23
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Soong JL, Castanha C, Hicks Pries CE, Ofiti N, Porras RC, Riley WJ, Schmidt MWI, Torn MS. Five years of whole-soil warming led to loss of subsoil carbon stocks and increased CO 2 efflux. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabd1343. [PMID: 34020943 PMCID: PMC8139586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Subsoils below 20 cm are an important reservoir in the global carbon cycle, but little is known about their vulnerability under climate change. We measured a statistically significant loss of subsoil carbon (-33 ± 11%) in warmed plots of a conifer forest after 4.5 years of whole-soil warming (4°C). The loss of subsoil carbon was primarily from unprotected particulate organic matter. Warming also stimulated a sustained 30 ± 4% increase in soil CO2 efflux due to increased CO2 production through the whole-soil profile. The observed in situ decline in subsoil carbon stocks with warming is now definitive evidence of a positive soil carbon-climate feedback, which could not be concluded based on increases in CO2 effluxes alone. The high sensitivity of subsoil carbon and the different responses of soil organic matter pools suggest that models must represent these heterogeneous soil dynamics to accurately predict future feedbacks to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Soong
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Cristina Castanha
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Ofiti
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Rachel C Porras
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Margaret S Torn
- Climate Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- Energy Resources Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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24
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Oliveira RS, Eller CB, Barros FDV, Hirota M, Brum M, Bittencourt P. Linking plant hydraulics and the fast-slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:904-923. [PMID: 33570772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these ecosystems are extremely important components of Earth's climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand and predict the dynamics of tropical vegetation in scenarios of changing water availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that the trade-off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep-rooting, deciduousness and capacitance) and hydraulic safety (P50 - the water potential when plants lose 50% of their maximum hydraulic conductivity) is a major axis of physiological variation across tropical ecosystems. We also propose a novel and independent axis of hydraulic trait variation linking vulnerability to hydraulic failure (expressed as the hydraulic safety margin (HSM)) and growth, where inherent fast-growing plants have lower HSM compared to slow-growing plants. We surmise that soil nutrients are fundamental drivers of tropical community assembly determining the distribution and abundance of the slow-safe/fast-risky strategies. We conclude showing that including either the growth-HSM or the resistance-avoidance trade-off in models can make simulated tropical rainforest communities substantially more vulnerable to drought than similar communities without the trade-off. These results suggest that vegetation models need to represent hydraulic trade-off axes to accurately project the functioning and distribution of tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cleiton B Eller
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de V Barros
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Brum
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
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25
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Muller-Landau HC, Cushman KC, Arroyo EE, Martinez Cano I, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Backiel B. Patterns and mechanisms of spatial variation in tropical forest productivity, woody residence time, and biomass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3065-3087. [PMID: 33207007 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests vary widely in biomass carbon (C) stocks and fluxes even after controlling for forest age. A mechanistic understanding of this variation is critical to accurately predicting responses to global change. We review empirical studies of spatial variation in tropical forest biomass, productivity and woody residence time, focusing on mature forests. Woody productivity and biomass decrease from wet to dry forests and with elevation. Within lowland forests, productivity and biomass increase with temperature in wet forests, but decrease with temperature where water becomes limiting. Woody productivity increases with soil fertility, whereas residence time decreases, and biomass responses are variable, consistent with an overall unimodal relationship. Areas with higher disturbance rates and intensities have lower woody residence time and biomass. These environmental gradients all involve both direct effects of changing environments on forest C fluxes and shifts in functional composition - including changing abundances of lianas - that substantially mitigate or exacerbate direct effects. Biogeographic realms differ significantly and importantly in productivity and biomass, even after controlling for climate and biogeochemistry, further demonstrating the importance of plant species composition. Capturing these patterns in global vegetation models requires better mechanistic representation of water and nutrient limitation, plant compositional shifts and tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene C Muller-Landau
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - K C Cushman
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Eva E Arroyo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Isabel Martinez Cano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Bogumila Backiel
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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Pereira APDA, Santana MC, Zagatto MRG, Brandani CB, Wang JT, Verma JP, Singh BK, Cardoso EJBN. Nitrogen-fixing trees in mixed forest systems regulate the ecology of fungal community and phosphorus cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143711. [PMID: 33223162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungal community plays an important role in forest ecosystems via the provision of resources to plant nutrition and productivity. However, the ecology of the fungal network and its relationship with phosphorus (P) dynamics remain poorly understood in mixed forest plantations. Here, we analyzed the fungal community using the amplicon sequencing in plantations of pure Eucalyptus grandis, with (E + N) and without N fertilization (E), besides pure Acacia mangium (A), and in a consortium of E. grandis and A. mangium (E + A), at 27 and 39 months after planting. We analyzed chemical, physical and biochemical soil and litter attributes related to P cycling, and the fungal community structure to find out if mixed plantations can increase fungal connections and to identify their role in the P dynamics in the soil-litter system. Soil organic fraction (OF), phosphorus in OF, total-P and acid phosphatase activity were significantly higher in E + A and A treatments regardless of the sampling period. Total N and P, richness, and Shannon diversity of the fungi in the litter was significantly higher in the treatments E + A and A. The fungal community structure in litter differed between treatments and sampling periods, and E + A showed an intermediate structure between the two pure treatments (E) and (A). E + A correlated highly with P dynamics when evaluated by both Pearson and redundancy analyses, particularly in the litter layer. Co-occurrence networks of fungal taxa became simpler in pure E. grandis plantations, whereas mixed system (E + A) showed a more connected and complex network. Our findings provide novel evidence that mixed forest plantations promote positive responses in the fungal community connections, which are closely related to P availability in the system, prominently in the litter layer. This indicates that the litter layer represents a specific niche to improve nutrient cycling by fungi in mixed forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiele C Santana
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maurício R G Zagatto
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina B Brandani
- New Mexico State University, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Clayton Livestock Research Center, NM, United States
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jay P Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elke J B N Cardoso
- 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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27
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Luo W, Lan R, Chen D, Zhang B, Xi N, Li Y, Fang S, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Eissenstat DM, Chu C, Wang Y. Limiting similarity shapes the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods in a subtropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1078-1090. [PMID: 32924174 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental filtering and limiting similarity mechanisms can simultaneously structure community assemblages. However, how they shape the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods remains unclear, hindering the understanding of belowground community assembly processes and diversity maintenance. In a 50-ha plot in a subtropical forest, China, we randomly sampled > 2700 root clusters from 625 soil samples. Focusing on 10 root functional traits measured on 76 woody species, we examined the functional and phylogenetic structure of root neighborhoods and linked their distributions with environmental cues. Functional overdispersion was pervasive among individual root traits (50% of the traits) and accentuated when different traits were combined. Functional clustering (20% of the traits) seemed to be associated with a soil nutrient gradient with thick roots dominating fertile areas whereas thin roots dominated infertile soils. Nevertheless, such traits also were sorted along other environmental cues, showing multidimensional adaptive trait syndromes. Species relatedness also was an important factor defining root neighborhoods, resulting in significant phylogenetic overdispersion. These results suggest that limiting similarity may drive niche differentiation of coexisting species to reduce competition, and that alternative root strategies could be crucial in promoting root neighborhood resource use and species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Luo
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Runxuan Lan
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dongxia Chen
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bingwei Zhang
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Nianxun Xi
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Suqing Fang
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - David M Eissenstat
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chengjin Chu
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Youshi Wang
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Hofhansl F, Chacón-Madrigal E, Fuchslueger L, Jenking D, Morera-Beita A, Plutzar C, Silla F, Andersen KM, Buchs DM, Dullinger S, Fiedler K, Franklin O, Hietz P, Huber W, Quesada CA, Rammig A, Schrodt F, Vincent AG, Weissenhofer A, Wanek W. Climatic and edaphic controls over tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5066. [PMID: 32193471 PMCID: PMC7081197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforests harbor exceptionally high biodiversity and store large amounts of carbon in vegetation biomass. However, regional variation in plant species richness and vegetation carbon stock can be substantial, and may be related to the heterogeneity of topoedaphic properties. Therefore, aboveground vegetation carbon storage typically differs between geographic forest regions in association with the locally dominant plant functional group. A better understanding of the underlying factors controlling tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage could be critical for predicting tropical carbon sink strength in response to projected climate change. Based on regionally replicated 1-ha forest inventory plots established in a region of high geomorphological heterogeneity we investigated how climatic and edaphic factors affect tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage. Plant species richness (of all living stems >10 cm in diameter) ranged from 69 to 127 ha-1 and vegetation carbon storage ranged from 114 to 200 t ha-1. While plant species richness was controlled by climate and soil water availability, vegetation carbon storage was strongly related to wood density and soil phosphorus availability. Results suggest that local heterogeneity in resource availability and plant functional composition should be considered to improve projections of tropical forest ecosystem functioning under future scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | | | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Department of Biology, Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Jenking
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Albert Morera-Beita
- Laboratory of Applied Tropical Ecology, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Christoph Plutzar
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernando Silla
- Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Kelly M Andersen
- Nanyang Technological University, Asian School of the Environment, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Buchs
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Hietz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Huber
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Avenida Ephigenio Salles 2239, Aleixo - 69000000, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - Anja Rammig
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Schrodt
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea G Vincent
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Anton Weissenhofer
- Department of Botany & Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology & Ecosystem Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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