1
|
Sjöros T, Norha J, Johansson R, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Löyttyniemi E, Kalliokoski KK, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Tiredness after work associates with less leisure-time physical activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7965. [PMID: 38575674 PMCID: PMC10994905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activities and sedentary behaviors take place in different contexts. This study aimed to determine if the context, total score, and leisure-time MET-index assessed by the Baecke questionnaire associate with each other or with sedentary behavior and physical activity outcomes from a 4-week accelerometer measurement in physically inactive adults with overweight. The item "After working I am tired" correlated negatively with items related to leisure-time physical activity and sports participation. The total Baecke Score showed weak but significant correlations with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, daily steps, and mean activity intensity of the day (r = - 0.33, 0.41, 0.35, and 0.41, respectively). The associations strengthened when the Sport Index was omitted from the Score. The leisure-time MET-Index did not correlate with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior or physical activity. Tiredness after working associated with less self-reported physical activity during leisure time. This suggests that better recovery from work-related stress could increase leisure-time physical activity, or increasing leisure-time physical activity could reduce tiredness after working. Moreover, among self-reportedly inactive adults with overweight, focusing the questionnaire on work and non-sport leisure time instead of total time might give more accurate estimates of sedentary behavior and physical activity when compared to accelerometry.The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03101228, 05/04/2017).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jooa Norha
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Johansson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garthwaite T, Sjöros T, Laine S, Koivumäki M, Vähä-Ypyä H, Verho T, Norha J, Kallio P, Saarenhovi M, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Houttu N, Laitinen K, Kalliokoski KK, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen I. Sedentary time associates detrimentally and physical activity beneficially with metabolic flexibility in adults with metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E503-E514. [PMID: 38416072 PMCID: PMC11194051 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00338.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) describes the ability to respond and adapt to changes in metabolic demand and substrate availability. The relationship between physical (in)activity and MetFlex is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether sedentary time, physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness associate with MetFlex. Sedentary time, standing, and PA were measured with accelerometers for 4 weeks in 64 sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome [37 women, 27 men; 58.3 (SD 6.8) years]. Fitness (V̇o2max; mL·kg-1·min-1) was measured with graded maximal cycle ergometry. MetFlex was assessed with indirect calorimetry as the change in respiratory exchange ratio (ΔRER) from fasting to insulin stimulation with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and from low-intensity to maximal exercise. Carbohydrate (CHOox) and fat oxidation (FATox) were calculated from respiratory gases. High sedentary time associated with higher fasting RER [β = 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.04, 0.67)], impaired insulin-stimulated MetFlex (ΔRER) [β=-0.41 (-0.72, -0.09)], and lower fasting FATox [β=-0.36 (-0.67, -0.04)]. Standing associated with lower fasting RER [β=-0.32 (-0.62, -0.02)]. Higher standing time and steps/day associated with higher fasting FATox [β = 0.31 (0.01, 0.61), and β = 0.26 (0.00, 0.53)]. Light-intensity and total PA associated with better insulin-stimulated MetFlex [β = 0.33 (0.05, 0.61)], and β = 0.33 (0.05, 0.60)]. Higher V̇o2max associated with higher CHOox during maximal exercise [β = 0.81 (0.62, 1.00)], as well as during insulin stimulation [β = 0.43 (0.13, 0.73)]. P values are less than 0.05 for all associations. Sedentary time and PA associate with MetFlex. Reducing sitting and increasing PA of even light intensity might aid in the prevention of metabolic diseases in risk populations through their potential effects on energy metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY High accelerometer-assessed sedentary time associates with metabolic inflexibility measured during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in adults with metabolic syndrome, and more light-intensity and total physical activity associate with more metabolic flexibility. Physical activity behaviors may thus play an important role in the regulation of fuel metabolism. This highlights the potential of reduced sedentary time and increased physical activity of any intensity to induce metabolic health benefits and help in disease prevention in risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Verho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jooa Norha
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Kallio
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Saarenhovi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rimbach R, Pontzer H. Increased physical activity is not related to markers of cardiometabolic health in two lemur species. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23564. [PMID: 37839049 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease (i.e., unhealthy weight gain, heart disease, and diabetes) in humans and may also negatively affect health of primates in human care. Effects of physical activity on energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health are virtually unstudied in nonhuman primates. We investigated physical activity and metabolic markers in 15 adult ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and 11 Coquerel's sifakas (Propithecus coquereli) at the Duke Lemur Center during a period of low activity in winter when the animals were housed in buildings (with outdoor access) and a period of high activity when individuals were free-ranging in large, outdoor, forested enclosures. We compared body mass, blood glucose, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, physical activity via accelerometry, and total energy expenditure (TEE) via the doubly labeled water method (in ring-tailed lemurs only) between both conditions. Both species were more active and had a lower body mass in summer. Ring-tailed lemurs had a higher TEE and lower triglyceride levels in summer, whereas sifaka had higher triglyceride levels in summer. Individuals that increased their activity more, also lost more body mass. Individuals that lost more body mass, also had a positive change in HDL-cholesterol (i.e., higher values in summer). Changes in activity were not associated with changes in markers of metabolic health, body fat percentage and TEE (both unadjusted and adjusted for body composition). Older age was associated with lower activity in both species, and decreased glucose in ring-tailed lemurs, but was otherwise unrelated to metabolic markers and, for ring-tailed lemurs, adjusted TEE. Overall, body mass was lower during summer but the increase in physical activity did not strongly influence metabolic health or TEE in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sze WT, Waki K, Enomoto S, Nagata Y, Nangaku M, Yamauchi T, Ohe K. StepAdd: A personalized mHealth intervention based on social cognitive theory to increase physical activity among type 2 diabetes patients. J Biomed Inform 2023; 145:104481. [PMID: 37648101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a personalized mobile health (mHealth) intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) to promote physical activity among type 2 diabetes patients via self-monitoring, goal setting, and automatic feedback. METHODS We conducted a pilot study involving 33 type 2 diabetes patients attending Mitsui Memorial Hospital in Japan using a pre-post evaluation design over 12 weeks. Participants measured daily step count, body weight, and blood pressure at home, with the measurements synchronized with the StepAdd application (app) automatically. Participants used the app to review daily results, update personalized step goals, identify individualized barriers to achieving the step goals, find coping strategies to overcome each barrier, and implement these strategies, thereby building effective coping skills to meet the goals. Pharmacists examined the usage of the app and provided coaching on lifestyle modifications. Ultimately, patients established skills to enhance diabetes self-care by using the app. RESULTS Daily step count increased dramatically with high statistical significance (p < 0.0001), from a mean of 5436 steps/day to 10,150 steps/day, an 86.7 % increase. HbA1c (p = 0.0001) and BMI (p = 0.0038) also improved. Diabetes self-care in diet, exercise, and foot care as well as self-management behavior, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in achieving daily step goals showed significant improvements. The retention rate of the study was very high, at 97.0 % (n = 32). CONCLUSIONS A personalized smartphone-based mHealth intervention based on SCT is feasible and effective at promoting physical activity among type 2 diabetes patients. The methodology of the intervention could be readily applied to other patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Thing Sze
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Waki
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Syunpei Enomoto
- Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Nagata
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Planning, Information and Management, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maylor BD, Edwardson CL, Clarke-Cornwell AM, Davies MJ, Dawkins NP, Dunstan DW, Khunti K, Yates T, Rowlands AV. Physical Activity Assessed by Wrist and Thigh Worn Accelerometry and Associations with Cardiometabolic Health. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7353. [PMID: 37687813 PMCID: PMC10489920 DOI: 10.3390/s23177353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is increasingly being captured by accelerometers worn on different body locations. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between physical activity volume (average acceleration), intensity (intensity gradient) and cardiometabolic health when assessed by a thigh-worn and wrist-worn accelerometer. A sample of 659 office workers wore an Axivity AX3 on the non-dominant wrist and an activPAL3 micro on the right thigh concurrently for 24 h a day for 8 days. An average acceleration (proxy for physical activity volume) and intensity gradient (intensity distribution) were calculated from both devices using the open-source raw accelerometer processing software GGIR. Clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) was calculated using markers of cardiometabolic health, including waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, mean arterial pressure and fasting glucose. Linear regression analysis assessed the associations between physical activity volume and intensity gradient with cardiometabolic health. Physical activity volume derived from the thigh-worn activPAL and the wrist-worn Axivity were beneficially associated with CMR and the majority of individual health markers, but associations only remained significant after adjusting for physical activity intensity in the thigh-worn activPAL. Physical activity intensity was associated with CMR score and individual health markers when derived from the wrist-worn Axivity, and these associations were independent of volume. Associations between cardiometabolic health and physical activity volume were similarly captured by the thigh-worn activPAL and the wrist-worn Axivity. However, only the wrist-worn Axivity captured aspects of the intensity distribution associated with cardiometabolic health. This may relate to the reduced range of accelerations detected by the thigh-worn activPAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Maylor
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (AMBer), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Charlotte L. Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (AMBer), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | | | - Melanie J. Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Nathan P. Dawkins
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- School of Sport and Wellbeing, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds LS18 5HD, UK
| | - David W. Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Alex V. Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (B.D.M.); (M.J.D.); (N.P.D.); (K.K.); (T.Y.); (A.V.R.)
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (AMBer), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sjöros T, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Koivumäki M, Eskola O, Löyttyniemi E, Houttu N, Laitinen K, Kalliokoski KK, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. The effects of a 6-month intervention aimed to reduce sedentary time on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E152-E162. [PMID: 37378623 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity associate with impaired insulin sensitivity. We investigated whether an intervention aimed at a 1-h reduction in daily SB during 6 mo would improve insulin sensitivity in the weight-bearing thigh muscles. Forty-four sedentary inactive adults [mean age 58 (SD 7) yr; 43% men] with metabolic syndrome were randomized into intervention and control groups. The individualized behavioral intervention was supported by an interactive accelerometer and a mobile application. SB, measured with hip-worn accelerometers in 6-s intervals throughout the 6-mo intervention, decreased by 51 (95% CI 22-80) min/day and physical activity (PA) increased by 37 (95% CI 18-55) min/day in the intervention group with nonsignificant changes in these outcomes in the control group. Insulin sensitivity in the whole body and in the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles, measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp combined with [18F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET, did not significantly change during the intervention in either group. However, the changes in hamstring and whole body insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with the change in SB and positively with the changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA and daily steps. In conclusion, these results suggest that the more the participants were able to reduce their SB, the more their individual insulin sensitivity increased in the whole body and in the hamstring muscles but not in quadriceps femoris. However, according to our primary randomized controlled trial results, this kind of behavioral interventions targeted to reduce sedentariness may not be effective in increasing skeletal muscle and whole body insulin sensitivity in people with metabolic syndrome at the population level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aiming to reduce daily SB by 1 h/day had no impact on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in the weight-bearing thigh muscles. However, successfully reducing SB may increase insulin sensitivity in the postural hamstring muscles. This emphasizes the importance of both reducing SB and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity in functionally different muscles of the body and thus induce a more comprehensive change in insulin sensitivity in the whole body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas JJC, Daley AJ, Esliger DW, Kettle VE, Coombe A, Stamatakis E, Sanders JP. Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Data Sets (Global Physical Activity Data Set Catalogue) That Include Markers of Cardiometabolic Health: Systematic Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45599. [PMID: 37467026 PMCID: PMC10398367 DOI: 10.2196/45599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease accounts for 17.9 million deaths globally each year. Many research study data sets have been collected to answer questions regarding the relationship between cardiometabolic health and accelerometer-measured physical activity. This scoping review aimed to map the available data sets that have collected accelerometer-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers. These data were then used to inform the development of a publicly available resource, the Global Physical Activity Data set (GPAD) catalogue. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to systematically identify data sets that have measured physical activity using accelerometers and cardiometabolic health markers using either an observational or interventional study design. METHODS Databases, trial registries, and gray literature (inception until February 2021; updated search from February 2021 to September 2022) were systematically searched to identify studies that analyzed data sets of physical activity and cardiometabolic health outcomes. To be eligible for inclusion, data sets must have measured physical activity using an accelerometric device in adults aged ≥18 years; a sample size >400 participants (unless recruited participants in a low- and middle-income country where a sample size threshold was reduced to 100); used an observational, longitudinal, or trial-based study design; and collected at least 1 cardiometabolic health marker (unless only body mass was measured). Two reviewers screened the search results to identify eligible studies, and from these, the unique names of each data set were recorded, and characteristics about each data set were extracted from several sources. RESULTS A total of 17,391 study reports were identified, and after screening, 319 were eligible, with 122 unique data sets in these study reports meeting the review inclusion criteria. Data sets were found in 49 countries across 5 continents, with the most developed in Europe (n=53) and the least in Africa and Oceania (n=4 and n=3, respectively). The most common accelerometric brand and device wear location was Actigraph and the waist, respectively. Height and body mass were the most frequently measured cardiometabolic health markers in the data sets (119/122, 97.5% data sets), followed by blood pressure (82/122, 67.2% data sets). The number of participants in the included data sets ranged from 103,712 to 120. Once the review processes had been completed, the GPAD catalogue was developed to house all the identified data sets. CONCLUSIONS This review identified and mapped the contents of data sets from around the world that have collected potentially harmonizable accelerometer-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers. The GPAD catalogue is a web-based open-source resource developed from the results of this review, which aims to facilitate the harmonization of data sets to produce evidence that will reduce the burden of disease from physical inactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah J C Thomas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Lifestyle, National Institute of Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria E Kettle
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - April Coombe
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkin Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James P Sanders
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wanders L, Gijbels A, Bakker EA, Trouwborst I, Jardon KM, Manusama KCM, Hul GB, Feskens EJM, Afman LA, Blaak EE, Hopman MTE, Goossens GH, Thijssen DHJ. Physical activity and sedentary behavior show distinct associations with tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13945. [PMID: 36745002 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to investigate associations between the physical activity (PA) spectrum (sedentary behavior to exercise) and tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR). METHODS We included 219 participants for analysis (median [IQR]: 61 [55; 67] years, BMI 29.6 [26.9; 32.0] kg/m2 ; 60% female) with predominant muscle or liver IR, as determined using a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). PA and sedentary behavior were measured objectively (ActivPAL) across 7 days. Context-specific PA was assessed with the Baecke questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models (adjustments include age, sex, BMI, site, season, retirement, and dietary intake) were used to determine associations between the PA spectrum and hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI), muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI) and whole-body IR (HOMA-IR, Matsuda index). RESULTS In fully adjusted models, objectively measured total PA (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.17, p = 0.020), light-intensity PA (β = 0.15, p = 0.045) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (β = 0.13, p = 0.048) were independently associated with Matsuda index, but not HOMA-IR (p > 0.05). A higher questionnaire-derived sport index and leisure index were associated with significantly lower whole-body IR (Matsuda, HOMA-IR) in men but not in women. Results varied across tissues: more time spent sedentary (β = -0.24, p = 0.045) and a higher leisure index (β = 0.14, p = 0.034) were respectively negatively and positively associated with MISI, but not HIRI. A higher sport index was associated with lower HIRI (β = -0.30, p = 0.007, in men only). CONCLUSION While we confirm a beneficial association between PA and whole-body IR, our findings indicate that associations between the PA spectrum and IR seem distinct depending on the primary site of insulin resistance (muscle or liver).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wanders
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Gijbels
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmée A Bakker
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen C M Manusama
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabby B Hul
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- TiFN, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Motuma A, Gobena T, Roba KT, Berhane Y, Worku A. Long sedentary time is associated with worsened cardiometabolic risk factors among university employees in Eastern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22431. [PMID: 36575186 PMCID: PMC9794682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary time is associated with increased risks of detrimental health outcomes. Prolonged sedentary time associates with cardiometabolic risk factors and increased mortality regardless of physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the associations of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors among university employees in Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 participants. Data were collected using the World Health Organization STEPS survey instrument, and sedentary behavior questionnaire in hour per day. Sedentary time is the time spent for any duration (minutes per day or hours per day) by considering a local context. Study participants were asked how many minutes or hours they spent in sedentary time at work, their leisure time and in transportation. Finally, the total sedentary time was calculated by the sum of the individual spent in sedentary time at work, leisure, and transportation. Cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed with blood samples analysis and anthropometric measurements. The associations between sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined using linear regression models. An adjusted coefficient (β) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the results. p value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. The mean age of the study participants were (35 ± 9.4 years). Almost half of the study participants, 566 (48.6) were women and 598 (51.4%) were men. As the total sedentary time was increased by one unit, the body mass index increased by β = 0.61; (95% CI 0.49-0.71),waist circumference increased by β = 1.48; (95% CI 1.14-1.82), diastolic blood pressure increased by β = 0.87; (95% CI 0.56-1.18), systolic blood pressure increased by β = 0.95; (95% CI 0.45-1.48), triglycerides increased by β = 7.07; (95% CI 4.01-10.14), total cholesterol increased by β = 3.52; (95% CI 2.02-5.02), fasting plasma glucose increased by β = 4.15; (95% CI 5.31-4.98) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by β = 2.14; (95% CI 0.96-3.33) with the effects of other variables maintain constant. These findings depict the need for strategies that policymakers should promote physical activity and encouraging the breaking up of prolonged sedentary time to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors among university employees in Ethiopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Motuma
- grid.192267.90000 0001 0108 7468School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Gobena
- grid.192267.90000 0001 0108 7468Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- grid.192267.90000 0001 0108 7468School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box: 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- grid.458355.a0000 0004 9341 7904Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva FM, Duarte-Mendes P, Carvalho E, Soares CM, Farinha C, Serrano J, Paulo R, Massart A, Rodrigues RN, Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP. Effects of combined training during the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic health and quality of life in sedentary workers: A randomized controlled study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1040714. [PMID: 36438250 PMCID: PMC9686330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of a combined training (CT) program performed during the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on body composition, metabolic profile, quality of life and stress in sedentary workers, and examines whether changes in the metabolic profile are associated with changes in health-related outcomes which are modifiable by exercise. We evaluated 31 sedentary workers (48.26 ± 7.89 years old). Participants were randomly assigned to a CT group (i.e., performed 16 weeks of exercise) or to a non-exercise control group. The CT program consisted of 16-week of resistance and aerobic exercise. Body composition, glycemic and lipidic profiles, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), health-related quality of life and stress levels were assessed pre- and post-intervention. After the intervention period, the CT group demonstrated significantly lower waist and hip circumference (p < 0.05) values than the control group. The control group significantly increased the fasting glucose and HOMA-IR after 16 weeks follow-up (+4.74 mg/dL, p = 0.029; and +0.41 units, p = 0.010, respectively), whiles no significant changes were observed in the CT group in the same parameters (+3.33 mg/dL, p = 0.176; and +0.04 units, p = 0.628, respectively). No changes were observed in the lipid profile for either group (p > 0.05). A significant positive relationship was detected between the change in BMI with the changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (r = 0.643, p = 0.024; and r = 0.605, p = 0.037, respectively). In addition, the changes in CRF were negatively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (r = -0.578, p = 0.049). We observed differences between groups on perceived stress levels and physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life, with the CT group showing better results. Moreover, the CT group improved perceived life satisfaction (+3.17 points, p = 0.038). The findings of the present study suggest that the participants who remained physically active during the first pandemic-related lockdown were able to mitigate the deleterious effects associated with a sedentary lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M. Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Fernanda M. Silva
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal,Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal,*Correspondence: Pedro Duarte-Mendes
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Soares
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Farinha
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Serrano
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal,Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Rui Paulo
- Department of Sports and Wellbeing, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal,Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Alain Massart
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael N. Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koivula T, Lempiäinen S, Laine S, Sjöros T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Garthwaite T, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Cross-Sectional Associations of Body Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity with Hemoglobin and White Blood Cell Count. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114347. [PMID: 36361221 PMCID: PMC9657926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell count (WBC) associate with body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). METHODS The cross-sectional analysis included 144 participants (42 men) with a mean age of 57.0 years and a mean BMI of 31.7 kg/m2. SB and standing time, breaks in sedentary time and PA were measured during four consecutive weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. A fasting blood sample was collected from each participant during the 4-week measurement period and analyzed using Sysmex XN and Cobas 8000 c702 analyzers. Associations of WBC, Hb and other red blood cell markers with cardiometabolic risk factors and physical activity were examined by Pearson's partial correlation coefficient test and with linear mixed regression models. RESULTS In sex- and age-adjusted correlation analyses both BMI and waist circumference correlated positively with Hb, WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), and hematocrit. Hb was also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance scores, liver enzymes, LDL, and triglyceride levels. Sedentary time correlated positively with WBC, whereas standing time correlated negatively with WBC. Lying time correlated positively with WBC, RBC, hematocrit, and Hb. Regarding SB and PA measures, only the association between lying time and RBC remained significant after adjustment for the BMI. CONCLUSION We conclude that body adiposity, rather than components of SB or PA, associates with Hb levels and WBC, which cluster with general metabolic derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Koivula
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Salla Lempiäinen
- Oncology Clinic, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, 30118 Halmstad, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3138145
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Husu P, Tokola K, Mänttäri A, Heinonen OJ, Heiskanen J, Kaikkonen KM, Savonen K, Kokko S, Vasankari T. How adherence to the updated physical activity guidelines should be assessed with accelerometer? Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:i50-i55. [PMID: 36031824 PMCID: PMC9421411 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aerobic part of the recently updated physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommends at least 150 min of moderate or at least 75 of vigorous-intensity PA or an equivalent combination of both. PA can be accumulated of any bout duration. On an absolute scale, moderate-intensity threshold is 3 metabolic equivalents (METs) and vigorous 6 METs. On a scale relative to individual’s personal capacity, moderate-intensity threshold is 40% and vigorous 60% of the oxygen uptake reserve. In this study, the adherence to the new guidelines was evaluated using both absolute and relative thresholds. Methods Totally, 1645 adults aged 20–64 years, participated in this population-based study and their cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated with 6-min walking test. The participants with estimated maximal oxygen uptake <7.9 MET were categorized as low CRF group and the others as adequate CRF group. The participants were instructed to wear a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer for 1 week and their adherence to PA guidelines was assessed from the accelerometer data. Results The adequate CRF group had higher adherence to PA guidelines with the absolute thresholds, but the use of relative thresholds inverted the results. The adherence varied from 20% to 99% in the total sample depending on the analysis parameters of accelerometer data. Conclusions The absolute thresholds provide a more appropriate basis to assess the adherence to PA guidelines in population-based samples and interventions. The use of individually determined relative thresholds may be more useful for individual exercise prescriptions in PA counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ari Mänttäri
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Heiskanen
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Military medicine, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmood B, Cox S, Ashe MC, Nettlefold L, Deo N, Puyat JH, Tang TS. ‘We just don’t have this in us…’: Understanding factors behind low levels of physical activity in South Asian immigrants in Metro-Vancouver, Canada. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273266. [PMID: 36007081 PMCID: PMC9410550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background South Asian immigrants in western countries are at a high risk for metabolic syndrome and associated chronic disease. While a physically active lifestyle is crucial in decreasing this risk, physical activity (PA) levels among this group remain low. The objectives of this study were to explore social and cultural factors that influence PA behavior, investigate how immigration process intersects with PA behaviors to influence PA levels and to engage community in a discussion about what can be done to increase PA in the South Asian community. Methods For this qualitative study, we conducted four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among a subset of participants who were part of a larger study. FGD data was coded and analysed using directed content analysis to identify key categories. Results Participants expressed a range of opinions, attitudes and beliefs about PA. Most believed they were sufficiently active. Women talked about restrictive social and cultural norms that discouraged uptake of exercise. Post-immigration levels of PA were low due to change in type of work and added responsibilities. Conclusion Health promoters need to consider social, cultural, and structural contexts when exploring possible behavior change interventions for South Asian immigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Mahmood
- Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan Cox
- The W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maureen C. Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindsay Nettlefold
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neha Deo
- Mayo Clinic, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Puyat
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Saint Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tricia S. Tang
- Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q. Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on 24 h Movement Behaviors in Inactive Female University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127177. [PMID: 35742425 PMCID: PMC9223473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine if low-volume, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was associated with changes in 24-h movement behaviors. A quasi-experimental study design was used. We collected accelerometry data from 21 eligible participants who consistently wore an ActiGraph for a period of two-weeks. Differences in behaviors were analyzed using a paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with factors that impacted changes. The results indicated a compensatory increase in sedentary time (ST) (4.4 ± 6.0%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (−7.3 ± 16.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (TPA) increased following exercise (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and prolonged sedentary time were reduced (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity and aerobic capacity were associated with changes in ST. The results from the study indicate that participating in a low-volume HIIE encouraged participants who were previously inactive to become more active. The observations of increases in ST may have displaced a prolonged sitting time. The decrease in sleeping time observed may be reflecting an increased sleep quality in connection with increased higher-intensity PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, UK;
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong;
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13805885586
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Block VJ, Waliman M, Xie Z, Akula A, Bove R, Pletcher MJ, Marcus GM, Olgin JE, Cree BAC, Gelfand JM, Henry RG. Making Every Step Count: Minute-by-Minute Characterization of Step Counts Augments Remote Activity Monitoring in People With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:860008. [PMID: 35677343 PMCID: PMC9167929 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.860008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ambulatory disability is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Remote monitoring using average daily step count (STEPS) can assess physical activity (activity) and disability in MS. STEPS correlates with conventional metrics such as the expanded disability status scale (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS), Timed-25 Foot walk (T25FW) and timed up and go (TUG). However, while STEPS as a summative measure characterizes the number of steps taken over a day, it does not reflect variability and intensity of activity. Objectives Novel analytical methods were developed to describe how individuals spends time in various activity levels (e.g., continuous low versus short bouts of high) and the proportion of time spent at each activity level. Methods 94 people with MS spanning the range of ambulatory impairment (unaffected to requiring bilateral assistance) were recruited into FITriMS study and asked to wear a Fitbit continuously for 1-year. Parametric distributions were fit to minute-by-minute step data. Adjusted R2 values for regressions between distributional fit parameters and STEPS with EDSS, TUG, T25FW and the patient-reported 12-item MS Walking scale (MSWS-12) were calculated over the first 4-weeks, adjusting for sex, age and disease duration. Results Distributional fits determined that the best statistically-valid model across all subjects was a 3-compartment Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) that characterizes the step behavior within 3 levels of activity: high, moderate and low. The correlation of GMM parameters for baseline step count measures with clinical assessments was improved when compared with STEPS (adjusted R2 values GMM vs. STEPS: TUG: 0.536 vs. 0.419, T25FW: 0.489 vs. 0.402, MSWS-12: 0.383 vs. 0.378, EDSS: 0.557 vs. 0.465). The GMM correlated more strongly (Kruskal-Wallis: p = 0.0001) than STEPS and gave further information not included in STEPS. Conclusions Individuals' step distributions follow a 3-compartment GMM that better correlates with clinic-based performance measures compared with STEPS. These data support the existence of high-moderate-low levels of activity. GMM provides an interpretable framework to better understand the association between different levels of activity and clinical metrics and allows further analysis of walking behavior that takes step distribution and proportion of time at three levels of intensity into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Block
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Waliman
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhendong Xie
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amit Akula
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Riley Bove
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark J. Pletcher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gregory M. Marcus
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Olgin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce A. C. Cree
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Roland G. Henry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Roland G. Henry
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk in older adults: A cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Norha J, Hautala AJ, Sjöros T, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Knuuti J, Löyttyniemi E, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Heinonen IHA. Standing time and daily proportion of sedentary time are associated with pain-related disability in a one month accelerometer measurement in adults with overweight or obesity. Scand J Pain 2022; 22:317-324. [PMID: 34582633 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between the subjective experience of pain-related disability (PRD) and device-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in overweight and obese adults is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of pain markers with accelerometer-measured SB duration and different intensities of PA among physically inactive middle-aged adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 72 subjects (27 men) with mean age of 57.9 (SD 6.7) years and mean BMI of 31.6 (SD 4.1) kg/m2. SB and standing time (ST), breaks in sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, SD 4) with a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer. Headache, musculoskeletal pain, back pain, and PRD were assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) and using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). RAND-36 questionnaire was applied to assess health-related quality of life. The associations were studied by linear models. RESULTS ST was positively and SB proportion was negatively associated with PRD when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, accelerometry duration, MVPA, pain medication use, and general health perceptions assessed by RAND-36. No associations were found between ST and back pain. SB or different PA intensities were not associated with pain experience at specific sites. CONCLUSIONS Longer daily ST, but not LPA or MVPA is associated with higher level of PRD. Correspondingly, higher proportion of SB is associated with lower level of PRD. This suggests that individuals with PRD prefer to stand, possibly to cope with pain. These results may highlight the importance of habitual standing behaviors in coping with experienced PRD in adults with overweight or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jooa Norha
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Arto J Hautala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Cardiology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of reduced sedentary time on cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: A three-month randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Impact of BMI, Physical Activity, and Sitting Time Levels on Health-Related Outcomes in a Group of Overweight and Obese Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7010012. [PMID: 35076606 PMCID: PMC8788475 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity level and sedentary behaviors affect health status in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2); their assessment is mandatory to properly prescribe exercise programs. From January 2011 to February 2014, 293 overweight/obese adults (165 women and 128 men, mean age of 51.9 ± 9.5 years and 54.6 ± 8.3 years, respectively), with and without DM2, participated in a three-month intensive exercise program. Before starting, participants were allocated into three subgroups (overweight, body mass index or BMI = 25-29.9; class 1 of obesity, BMI = 30-34.4; or class 2 (or superior) of obesity, BMI > 35). The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-it) was used to evaluate participants' baseline sitting time (SIT) and physical activity level (PAL). Stratified multiple analyses were performed using four subgroups of SIT level according to Ekelund et al., 2016 (low, 8 h/day of SIT) and three subgroups for PAL (high, moderate, and low). Health-related measures such as anthropometric variables, body composition, hematic parameters, blood pressure values, and functional capacities were studied at the beginning and at the end of the training period. An overall improvement of PAL was observed in the entire sample following the three-month intensive exercise program together with a general improvement in several health-related measures. The BMI group factor influenced the VO2 max variations, leg press values, triglycerides, and anthropometric variables, while the SIT group factor impacted the sitting time, VO2 max, glycemic profile, and fat mass. In this study, baseline PAL and SIT did not seem to influence the effects of an exercise intervention. The characteristics of our educational program, which also included a physical exercise protocol, allowed us to obtain positive results.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garthwaite T, Sjöros T, Koivumäki M, Laine S, Vähä-Ypyä H, Saarenhovi M, Kallio P, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Houttu N, Laitinen K, Kalliokoski K, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen I. Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:1255-1260. [PMID: 34489177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how components of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), and fitness are associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Target population was middle-aged (40-65 years) sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome. SB, breaks in SB, standing, and PA were measured for four weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. VO2max (ml/min/kg) was measured with maximal cycle ergometry. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M-value) and fasting blood sampling (HOMA-IR, insulin). Multivariable regression was used for analyses. RESULTS Sixty-four participants (37 women; 58.3 [SD 6.8] years) were included. Participants spent 10.0 (1.0) h sedentary, 1.8 (0.6) h standing, and 2.7 (0.6) h in PA and took 5149 (1825) steps and 29 (8) breaks daily. In sex-, age- and accelerometer wear time-adjusted model SB, standing, steps and VO2max were associated with M-value (β = -0.384; β = 0.400; β = 0.350; β = 0.609, respectively), HOMA-IR (β = 0.420; β = -0.548; β = -0.252; β = -0.449), and insulin (β = 0.433; β = -0.541; β = -0.252; β = -0.453); all p-values < 0.05. Breaks associated only with M-value (β = 0.277). When further adjusted for body fat %, only standing remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.381) and insulin (β = -0.366); significance was maintained even when further adjusted for SB, PA and fitness. Light and moderate-to-vigorous PA were not associated with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Standing is associated with insulin sensitivity markers. The association with HOMA-IR and insulin is independent of adiposity, PA, SB and fitness. Further studies are warranted, but these findings encourage replacing sitting with standing for potential improvements in insulin sensitivity in adults at increased type 2 diabetes risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maria Saarenhovi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Kallio
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Joundi RA, Patten SB, Williams JVA, Smith EE. Association Between Excess Leisure Sedentary Time and Risk of Stroke in Young Individuals. Stroke 2021; 52:3562-3568. [PMID: 34407638 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose The association between physical activity (PA) and lower risk of stroke is well established, but the relationship between leisure sedentary time and stroke is less well studied. Methods We used 9 years of the Canadian Community Health Survey between 2000 and 2012 to create a cohort of healthy individuals without prior stroke, heart disease, or cancer. We linked to hospital records to determine subsequent hospitalization or emergency department visit for stroke until December 31, 2017. We quantified the association between self-reported leisure sedentary time (categorized as <4, 4 to <6, 6 to <8, and 8+ hours/day) and risk of stroke using Cox regression models and competing risk regression, assessing for modification by PA, age, and sex and adjusting for demographic, vascular, and social factors. Results There were 143 180 people in our cohort and 2965 stroke events in follow-up. Median time from survey response to stroke was 5.6 years. There was a 3-way interaction between leisure sedentary time, PA, and age. The risk of stroke with 8+ hours of sedentary time was significantly elevated only among individuals <60 years of age who were in the lowest PA quartile (fully adjusted hazard ratio, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.64–12.3]). The association was significant across multiple sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for mood disorders and when accounting for the competing risk of death. Conclusions Excess leisure sedentary time of 8+ hours/day is associated with increased risk of long-term stroke among individuals <60 years of age with low PA. These findings support efforts to enhance PA and reduce sedentary time in younger individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed A Joundi
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences (R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Community Health Sciences (S.B.P., J.V.A.W., R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Community Health Sciences (S.B.P., J.V.A.W., R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Jeanne V A Williams
- Community Health Sciences (S.B.P., J.V.A.W., R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences (R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.,Community Health Sciences (S.B.P., J.V.A.W., R.A.J., E.E.S.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sjöros T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Kalliokoski KK, Knuuti J, Vasankari T, Heinonen IHA. Influence of the Duration and Timing of Data Collection on Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Time and Associated Insulin Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094950. [PMID: 34066552 PMCID: PMC8125504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accelerometry is a commonly used method to determine physical activity in clinical studies, but the duration and timing of measurement have seldom been addressed. We aimed to evaluate possible changes in the measured outcomes and associations with insulin resistance during four weeks of accelerometry data collection. This study included 143 participants (median age of 59 (IQR9) years; mean BMI of 30.7 (SD4) kg/m2; 41 men). Sedentary and standing time, breaks in sedentary time, and different intensities of physical activity were measured with hip-worn accelerometers. Differences in the accelerometer-based results between weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 were analyzed by mixed models, differences during winter and summer by two-way ANOVA, and the associations between insulin resistance and cumulative means of accelerometer results during weeks 1 to 4 by linear models. Mean accelerometry duration was 24 (SD3) days. Sedentary time decreased after three weeks of measurement. More physical activity was measured during summer compared to winter. The associations between insulin resistance and sedentary behavior and light physical activity were non-significant after the first week of measurement, but the associations turned significant in two to three weeks. If the purpose of data collection is to reveal associations between accelerometer-measured outcomes and tenuous health outcomes, such as insulin sensitivity, data collection for at least three weeks may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-45-02-085
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Kari K. Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (S.L.); (T.G.); (K.K.K.); (J.K.); (I.H.A.H.)
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, 30118 Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Laine S, Sjöros T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Garthwaite T, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Body Adiposity, But Not Elements of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior or Physical Activity, Is Associated With Circulating Liver Enzymes in Adults With Overweight and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:655756. [PMID: 33959099 PMCID: PMC8095079 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the associations between accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and habitual physical activity (PA) as well as markers of body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors with liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). METHODS A total of 144 middle-aged adults (mean age 57 (SD 6.5) years) with overweight or obesity (mean body mass index [BMI] 31.8 [SD 3.9] kg/m2) participated. Different components of SB (sitting, lying) and PA (standing, breaks in SB, daily steps, light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA and total PA) were measured with validated hip-worn accelerometers for four consecutive weeks (mean 25 days, [SD 4]). Fasting venous blood samples were analysed using standard assays. The associations were examined with Pearson's partial correlation coefficient test and linear mixed model. RESULTS Among 102 women and 42 men accelerometer measured SB or the elements of PA were not associated with circulating liver enzymes. When adjusted for age and sex, liver enzymes correlated positively with BMI and waist circumference (WC) (ALT r=0.34, p<0.0001, r=0.41, < 0.0001, AST r=0.17, p=0.049, r=0.26, p=0.002, GGT r=0.29, p=0.0005, r=0.32, p < 0.0001, respectively). SB proportion associated positively with BMI (r=0.21, p=0.008) and WC (r=0.27, p=0.001). Components of PA associated negatively with BMI (MVPA r=-0.23, p=0.005, daily steps r=-0.30, p<0.0001 and breaks in sedentary time r=-0.32, p<0.0001), as well as with WC (breaks in SB r=-0.35, p<0.0001, MVPA r=-0.26, p=0.002, daily steps r=-0.31, p<0.0001, standing time r=-0.27, p=0.001). Liver enzymes associated positively with common cardiometabolic markers such as resting heart rate (ALT; β=0.17, p=0.03, AST; β=0.25, p=0.002, GGT; β=0.23, p=0.004) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (ALT β=0.20, p=0.01, β=0.22, p=0.005, AST (only diastolic) β=0.23, p=0.006, GGT β=0.19, p=0.02, = 0.23, p=0.004, respectively), fasting insulin (ALT β=0.41, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.20, p=0.04) and insulin resistance index (ALT β=0.42, p<0.0001, AST β=0.36, p=0.0003, GGT β=0.21, p=0.03), even after adjustment with BMI. CONCLUSIONS Liver enzymes correlate with body adiposity and appear to cluster with other common cardiometabolic risk factors, even independently of body adiposity. SB and PA appear not to be essential in modulating the levels of circulating liver enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Saara Laine,
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|