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Kanno T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism: a central modulator of RORγt-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Int Immunol 2024; 36:487-496. [PMID: 38824406 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the T helper cell subsets, Th17 cells contribute to the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, serves as a master transcription factor for Th17 cell differentiation. Recent findings have shown that modulating the metabolic pathway is critical for Th17 cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Suppression of lipid biosynthesis, either through the pharmacological inhibition or gene deletion of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant impairment of Th17 cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of RORγt activity through the generation of endogenous RORγt lipid ligands. This review discusses recent discoveries highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and function, as well as exploring specific molecular pathways involved in RORγt activation through cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach to improve inflammatory and autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
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2
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Nakajima T, Kanno T, Ueda Y, Miyako K, Endo T, Yoshida S, Yokoyama S, Asou HK, Yamada K, Ikeda K, Togashi Y, Endo Y. Fatty acid metabolism constrains Th9 cell differentiation and antitumor immunity via the modulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01209-y. [PMID: 39187636 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper 9 (Th9) cells are interleukin 9 (IL-9)-producing cells that have diverse functions ranging from antitumor immune responses to allergic inflammation. Th9 cells differentiate from naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β); however, our understanding of the molecular basis of their differentiation remains incomplete. Previously, we reported that the differentiation of another subset of TGF-β-driven T helper cells, Th17 cells, is highly dependent on de novo lipid biosynthesis. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism may also be important for Th9 cell differentiation. We therefore investigated the differentiation and function of mouse and human Th9 cells in vitro under conditions of pharmacologically or genetically induced deficiency of the intracellular fatty acid content and in vivo in mice genetically deficient in acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), an important enzyme for fatty acid biosynthesis. Both the inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and the deprivation of environmental lipids augmented differentiation and IL-9 production in mouse and human Th9 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that the increase in Th9 cell differentiation was mediated by the retinoic acid receptor and the TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathways. Upon adoptive transfer, ACC1-inhibited Th9 cells suppressed tumor growth in murine models of melanoma and adenocarcinoma. Together, our findings highlight a novel role of fatty acid metabolism in controlling the differentiation and in vivo functions of Th9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takeru Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Souta Yoshida
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamada
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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3
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Hunt EG, Hurst KE, Riesenberg BP, Kennedy AS, Gandy EJ, Andrews AM, Del Mar Alicea Pauneto C, Ball LE, Wallace ED, Gao P, Meier J, Serody JJ, Coleman MF, Thaxton JE. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase obstructs CD8 + T cell lipid utilization in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Metab 2024; 36:969-983.e10. [PMID: 38490211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control. However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors. We reveal that the solid TME imposes perpetual acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC) activity, invoking lipid biogenesis and storage in TILs that opposes FAO. Using metabolic, lipidomic, and confocal imaging strategies, we find that restricting ACC rewires T cell metabolism, enabling energy maintenance in TME stress. Limiting ACC activity potentiates a gene and phenotypic program indicative of T cell longevity, engendering T cells with increased survival and polyfunctionality, which sustains cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Hunt
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Katie E Hurst
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brian P Riesenberg
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Andrew S Kennedy
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Evelyn J Gandy
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Alex M Andrews
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Coral Del Mar Alicea Pauneto
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Lauren E Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Emily D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Facility, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeremy Meier
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - John J Serody
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Immunotherapy Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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4
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Reilly NA, Sonnet F, Dekkers KF, Kwekkeboom JC, Sinke L, Hilt S, Suleiman HM, Hoeksema MA, Mei H, van Zwet EW, Everts B, Ioan-Facsinay A, Jukema JW, Heijmans BT. Oleic acid triggers metabolic rewiring of T cells poising them for T helper 9 differentiation. iScience 2024; 27:109496. [PMID: 38558932 PMCID: PMC10981094 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are the most common immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the function of T cells can be altered by fatty acids. Here, we show that pre-exposure of CD4+ T cells to oleic acid, an abundant fatty acid linked to cardiovascular events, upregulates core metabolic pathways and promotes differentiation into interleukin-9 (IL-9)-producing cells upon activation. RNA sequencing of non-activated T cells reveals that oleic acid upregulates genes encoding key enzymes responsible for cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. Transcription footprint analysis links these expression changes to the differentiation toward TH9 cells, a pro-atherogenic subset. Spectral flow cytometry shows that pre-exposure to oleic acid results in a skew toward IL-9+-producing T cells upon activation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of either cholesterol or fatty acid biosynthesis abolishes this effect, suggesting a beneficial role for statins beyond cholesterol lowering. Taken together, oleic acid may affect inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis by rewiring T cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A. Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Friederike Sonnet
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen F. Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lucy Sinke
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Hilt
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hayat M. Suleiman
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A. Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik W. van Zwet
- Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T. Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Dang Q, Li B, Jin B, Ye Z, Lou X, Wang T, Wang Y, Pan X, Hu Q, Li Z, Ji S, Zhou C, Yu X, Qin Y, Xu X. Cancer immunometabolism: advent, challenges, and perspective. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:72. [PMID: 38581001 PMCID: PMC10996263 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, great strides have been made in the field of immunometabolism. A plethora of evidence ranging from basic mechanisms to clinical transformation has gradually embarked on immunometabolism to the center stage of innate and adaptive immunomodulation. Given this, we focus on changes in immunometabolism, a converging series of biochemical events that alters immune cell function, propose the immune roles played by diversified metabolic derivatives and enzymes, emphasize the key metabolism-related checkpoints in distinct immune cell types, and discuss the ongoing and upcoming realities of clinical treatment. It is expected that future research will reduce the current limitations of immunotherapy and provide a positive hand in immune responses to exert a broader therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Jin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenjie Zhou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Procaccini C, de Candia P, Russo C, De Rosa G, Lepore MT, Colamatteo A, Matarese G. Caloric restriction for the immunometabolic control of human health. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2787-2800. [PMID: 36848376 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition affects all physiological processes occurring in our body, including those related to the function of the immune system; indeed, metabolism has been closely associated with the differentiation and activity of both innate and adaptive immune cells. While excessive energy intake and adiposity have been demonstrated to cause systemic inflammation, several clinical and experimental evidence show that calorie restriction (CR), not leading to malnutrition, is able to delay aging and exert potent anti-inflammatory effects in different pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the ability of different CR-related nutritional strategies to control autoimmune, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, as tested by preclinical studies and human clinical trials, with a specific focus on the immunological aspects of these interventions. In particular, we recapitulate the state of the art on the cellular and molecular mechanisms pertaining to immune cell metabolic rewiring, regulatory T cell expansion, and gut microbiota composition, which possibly underline the beneficial effects of CR. Although studies are still needed to fully evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the nutritional intervention in clinical practice, the experimental observations discussed here suggest a relevant role of CR in lowering the inflammatory state in a plethora of different pathologies, thus representing a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Procaccini
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola de Candia
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Russo
- Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy De Rosa
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lepore
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131 Naples, Italy
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7
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Yanagi M, Ikegami I, Kamekura R, Sato T, Sato T, Kamiya S, Murayama K, Jitsukawa S, Ito F, Yorozu A, Kihara M, Abe T, Takaki H, Kawata K, Shigehara K, Miyajima S, Nishikiori H, Sato A, Tohse N, Takano KI, Chiba H, Ichimiya S. Bob1 maintains T follicular helper cells for long-term humoral immunity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:185. [PMID: 38360857 PMCID: PMC10869348 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is vital for host protection, yet aberrant antibody responses can trigger harmful inflammation and immune-related disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, central to humoral immunity, have garnered significant attention for unraveling immune mechanisms. This study shows the role of B-cell Oct-binding protein 1 (Bob1), a transcriptional coactivator, in Tfh cell regulation. Our investigation, utilizing conditional Bob1-deficient mice, suggests that Bob1 plays a critical role in modulating inducible T-cell costimulator expression and cellular respiration in Tfh cells. This regulation maintains the long-term functionality of Tfh cells, enabling their reactivation from central memory T cells to produce antibodies during recall responses. In a bronchial asthma model induced by house dust mite (HDM) inhalation, Bob1 is observed to enhance HDM-specific antibodies, including IgE, highlighting its pivotal function in Tfh cell regulation. Further exploration of Bob1-dependent mechanisms in Tfh cells holds promise for governing protective immunity and addressing immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ippei Ikegami
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shiori Kamiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Yorozu
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takaki
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shigehara
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satsuki Miyajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishikiori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, 061-1449, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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8
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Katopodi T, Petanidis S, Anestakis D, Charalampidis C, Chatziprodromidou I, Floros G, Eskitzis P, Zarogoulidis P, Koulouris C, Sevva C, Papadopoulos K, Dagher M, Karakousis VA, Varsamis N, Theodorou V, Mystakidou CM, Vlassopoulos K, Kosmidis S, Katsios NI, Farmakis K, Kosmidis C. Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and hypoxic immunosuppression: driving carcinogenesis to metastatic colonization. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325360. [PMID: 38292487 PMCID: PMC10824957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant factor in the antitumor immune response is the increased metabolic reprogramming of immunological and malignant cells. Increasing data points to the fact that cancer metabolism affects not just cancer signaling, which is essential for maintaining carcinogenesis and survival, but also the expression of immune cells and immune-related factors such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, IDO, which regulate the antitumor immune signaling mechanism. In reality, this energetic interaction between the immune system and the tumor results in metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting the amount of nutrients available and causing microenvironmental acidosis, which impairs the ability of immune cells to operate. More intriguingly, different types of immune cells use metabolic reprogramming to keep the body and self in a state of homeostasis. The process of immune cell proliferation, differentiation, and performance of effector functions, which is crucial to the immune response, are currently being linked to metabolic reprogramming. Here, we cover the regulation of the antitumor immune response by metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and immune cells as well as potential strategies for metabolic pathway targeting in the context of anticancer immunotherapy. We also discuss prospective immunotherapy-metabolic intervention combinations that might be utilized to maximize the effectiveness of current immunotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Katopodi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Savvas Petanidis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Biology and Genetics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Doxakis Anestakis
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - George Floros
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charilaos Koulouris
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Sevva
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Dagher
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Varsamis
- Department of Surgery, Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Theodorou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysi Maria Mystakidou
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlassopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Konstantinos Farmakis
- Pediatric Surgery Clinic, General Hospital of Thessaloniki “G. Gennimatas”, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, “AHEPA” University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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9
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Kim DH, Song NY, Yim H. Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:855-881. [PMID: 38060103 PMCID: PMC10725365 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of lipid metabolism and its association with oncogenic signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as significant hallmarks of cancer. Lipid metabolism is defined as a complex set of molecular processes including lipid uptake, synthesis, transport, and degradation. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is affected by enzymes and signaling molecules directly or indirectly involved in the lipid metabolic process. Regulation of lipid metabolizing enzymes has been shown to modulate cancer development and to avoid resistance to anticancer drugs in tumors and the TME. Because of this, understanding the metabolic reprogramming associated with oncogenic progression is important to develop strategies for cancer treatment. Recent advances provide insight into fundamental mechanisms and the connections between altered lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore alterations to lipid metabolism and the pivotal factors driving lipid metabolic reprogramming, which exacerbate cancer progression. We also shed light on the latest insights and current therapeutic approaches based on small molecular inhibitors and phytochemicals targeting lipid metabolism for cancer treatment. Further investigations are worthwhile to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and the correlation between altered lipid metabolism and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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10
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Koh J, Woo YD, Yoo HJ, Choi JP, Kim SH, Chang YS, Jung KC, Kim JH, Jeon YK, Kim HY, Chung DH. De novo fatty-acid synthesis protects invariant NKT cells from cell death, thereby promoting their homeostasis and pathogenic roles in airway hyperresponsiveness. eLife 2023; 12:RP87536. [PMID: 37917548 PMCID: PMC10622147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural-killer T (iNKT) cells play pathogenic roles in allergic asthma in murine models and possibly also humans. While many studies show that the development and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells depend on their metabolic state, the evidence for this in iNKT cells is very limited. It is also not clear whether such metabolic regulation of iNKT cells could participate in their pathogenic activities in asthma. Here, we showed that acetyl-coA-carboxylase 1 (ACC1)-mediated de novo fatty-acid synthesis is required for the survival of iNKT cells and their deleterious functions in allergic asthma. ACC1, which is a key fatty-acid synthesis enzyme, was highly expressed by lung iNKT cells from WT mice that were developing asthma. Cd4-Cre::Acc1fl/fl mice failed to develop OVA-induced and HDM-induced asthma. Moreover, iNKT cell-deficient mice that were reconstituted with ACC1-deficient iNKT cells failed to develop asthma, unlike when WT iNKT cells were transferred. ACC1 deficiency in iNKT cells associated with reduced expression of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, but increased glycolytic capacity that promoted iNKT-cell death. Furthermore, circulating iNKT cells from allergic-asthma patients expressed higher ACC1 and PPARG levels than the corresponding cells from non-allergic-asthma patients and healthy individuals. Thus, de novo fatty-acid synthesis prevents iNKT-cell death via an ACC1-FABP-PPARγ axis, which contributes to their homeostasis and their pathogenic roles in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Council, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Reel JM, Abbadi J, Bueno AJ, Cizio K, Pippin R, Doyle DA, Mortan L, Bose JL, Cox MA. The Sympathetic Nervous System Is Necessary for Development of CD4+ T-Cell Memory Following Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:966-974. [PMID: 37163747 PMCID: PMC10547460 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes and spleens are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers that enter alongside arteries. Despite discovery of these nerve fibers nearly 40 years ago, the role of these nerves during response to infection remains poorly defined. We have found that chemical depletion of sympathetic nerve fibers compromises the ability of mice to develop protective immune memory to a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Innate control of the primary infection was not impacted by sympathectomy. Germinal center formation is also compromised in nerve-depleted animals; however, protective antibody responses are still generated. Interestingly, protective CD4+ T-cell memory fails to form in the absence of sympathetic nerves after S aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Mortan
- Stephenson Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Jeffrey L Bose
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stephenson Cancer Center
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12
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Endo Y, Kanno T, Nakajima T, Ikeda K, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Miyako K, Hasegawa Y, Kawashima Y, Ohara O, Murakami M, Nakayama T. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine stimulates RORγt activity in T H17 cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd4346. [PMID: 37540735 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes involving fatty acid biosynthesis play essential roles in controlling the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells. However, the exact enzymes and lipid metabolites involved, as well as their link to promoting the core gene transcriptional signature required for the differentiation of TH17 cells, remain largely unknown. From a pooled CRISPR-based screen and unbiased lipidomics analyses, we identified that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine could act as a lipid modulator of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) activity in TH17 cells. In addition, we specified five enzymes, including Gpam, Gpat3, Lplat1, Pla2g12a, and Scd2, suggestive of the requirement of glycerophospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids being required for the transcription of Il17a. 1-Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine was reduced in Pla2g12a-deficient TH17 cells, leading to the abolition of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production and disruption to the core transcriptional program required for the differentiation of TH17 cells. Furthermore, mice with T cell-specific deficiency of Pla2g12a failed to develop disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, our data indicate that 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamine is a lipid metabolite that promotes RORγt-induced TH17 cell differentiation and the pathogenicity of TH17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana. Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670 Japan
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13
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Chen HW, Jiang CX, Ma GL, Wu XY, Jiang W, Li J, Zang Y, Li J, Xiong J, Hu JF. Unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalenes from the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2 derived from the endangered conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 211:113687. [PMID: 37105348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed palmarumycin-type spirodioxynaphthalenes (phyligustricins A-D) and a known biogenetic precursor (palmarumycin BG1) were isolated from a solid fermentation of Phyllosticta ligustricola HDF-L-2, an endophyte associated with the endangered Chinese conifer Pseudotsuga gaussenii. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Both phyligustricins A and B have an unprecedented spirodioxynaphthalene-derived skeleton containing an extra 4H-furo [3,2-c]pyran-4-one moiety, while phyligustricins C and D are p-hydroxy-phenethyl substituted spirodioxynaphthalenes. The plausible biosynthetic relationships of the isolates were briefly proposed. Phyligustricins C and D and palmarumycin BG1 showed considerable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, each with an MIC value of 16 μg/mL. Palmarumycin BG1 displayed significant inhibitory effects against ACL and ACC1, with IC50 values of 1.60 and 8.00 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China
| | - Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xi-Ying Wu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, PR China.
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14
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Mehta A, Ratre YK, Soni VK, Shukla D, Sonkar SC, Kumar A, Vishvakarma NK. Orchestral role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in T-cell malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1122789. [PMID: 37256177 PMCID: PMC10226149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function of normal T cells partially depends on the maneuvering of lipid metabolism through various stages and subsets. Interestingly, T-cell malignancies also reprogram their lipid metabolism to fulfill bioenergetic demand for rapid division. The rewiring of lipid metabolism in T-cell malignancies not only provides survival benefits but also contributes to their stemness, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Owing to distinctive lipid metabolic programming in T-cell cancer, quantitative, qualitative, and spatial enrichment of specific lipid molecules occur. The formation of lipid rafts rich in cholesterol confers physical strength and sustains survival signals. The accumulation of lipids through de novo synthesis and uptake of free lipids contribute to the bioenergetic reserve required for robust demand during migration and metastasis. Lipid storage in cells leads to the formation of specialized structures known as lipid droplets. The inimitable changes in fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are in dynamic balance in T-cell malignancies. FAO fuels the molecular pumps causing chemoresistance, while FAS offers structural and signaling lipids for rapid division. Lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer provides molecules having immunosuppressive abilities. Moreover, the distinctive composition of membrane lipids has implications for immune evasion by malignant cells of T-cell origin. Lipid droplets and lipid rafts are contributors to maintaining hallmarks of cancer in malignancies of T cells. In preclinical settings, molecular targeting of lipid metabolism in T-cell cancer potentiates the antitumor immunity and chemotherapeutic response. Thus, the direct and adjunct benefit of lipid metabolic targeting is expected to improve the clinical management of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar Ratre
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Subhash C. Sonkar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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15
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Kabat AM, Pearce EL, Pearce EJ. Metabolism in type 2 immune responses. Immunity 2023; 56:723-741. [PMID: 37044062 PMCID: PMC10938369 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune response is tailored to the environment in which it takes place. Immune cells sense and adapt to changes in their surroundings, and it is now appreciated that in addition to cytokines made by stromal and epithelial cells, metabolic cues provide key adaptation signals. Changes in immune cell activation states are linked to changes in cellular metabolism that support function. Furthermore, metabolites themselves can signal between as well as within cells. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of how metabolic regulation relates to type 2 immunity firstly by considering specifics of metabolism within type 2 immune cells and secondly by stressing how type 2 immune cells are integrated more broadly into the metabolism of the organism as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Kabat
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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16
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Miyako K, Endo Y. Lipid metabolism in Th17 cell function. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108411. [PMID: 37037407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the subset of T helper cells, Th17 cells are known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, steroid-resistant asthma, and multiple sclerosis. The master transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), a nuclear hormone receptor, plays a vital role in inducing Th17-cell differentiation. Recent findings suggest that metabolic control is critical for Th17-cell differentiation, particularly through the engagement of de novo lipid biosynthesis. Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, either through the use of pharmacological inhibitors or by the deficiency of related enzymes in CD4+ T cells, results in significant suppression of Th17-cell differentiation. Mechanistic studies indicate that metabolic fluxes through both the fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways are essential for controlling RORγt activity through the generation of a lipid ligand of RORγt. This review highlights recent findings that underscore the significant role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of Th17 cells, as well as elucidating the distinctive molecular pathways that drive the activation of RORγt by cellular lipid metabolism. We further elaborate on a pioneering therapeutic approach for ameliorating autoimmune disorders via the inhibition of RORγt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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17
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Kanno T, Konno R, Miyako K, Nakajima T, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Ohzeki J, Kawashima Y, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Endo Y. Characterization of proteogenomic signatures of differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets. DNA Res 2023; 30:dsac054. [PMID: 36579714 PMCID: PMC9886070 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally distinct CD4+ helper T (Th) cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Treg), play a pivotal role in the regulation of acquired immunity. Although the key proteins involved in the regulation of Th cell differentiation have already been identified how the proteogenomic landscape changes during the Th cell activation remains unclear. To address this issue, we characterized proteogenomic signatures of differentiation to each Th cell subsets by RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-assisted mass spectrometry, which enabled us to simultaneously quantify more than 10,000 protein-coding transcripts and 8,000 proteins in a single-shot. The results indicated that T cell receptor activation affected almost half of the transcript and protein levels in a low correlative and gene-specific manner, and specific cytokine treatments modified the transcript and protein profiles in a manner specific to each Th cell subsets: Th17 and Tregs particularly exhibited unique proteogenomic signatures compared to other Th cell subsets. Interestingly, the in-depth proteome data revealed that mRNA profiles alone were not enough to delineate functional changes during Th cell activation, suggesting that the proteogenomic dataset obtained in this study serves as a unique and indispensable data resource for understanding the comprehensive molecular mechanisms underlying effector Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Junichiro Ohzeki
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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18
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Zhou X, Zhu X, Zeng H. Fatty acid metabolism in adaptive immunity. FEBS J 2023; 290:584-599. [PMID: 34822226 PMCID: PMC9130345 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) not only are a key component of cellular membrane structure, but also have diverse functions in biological processes. Recent years have seen great advances in understanding of how FA metabolism contributes to adaptive immune response. Here, we review three key processes, FA biosynthesis, FA oxidation and FA uptake, and how they direct T and B cell functions during immune challenges. Then, we will focus on the relationship between microbiota derived FAs, short-chain FAs, and adaptive immunity. Along the way, we will also discuss the outstanding controversies and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Yeudall S, Upchurch CM, Seegren PV, Pavelec CM, Greulich J, Lemke MC, Harris TE, Desai BN, Hoehn KL, Leitinger N. Macrophage acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulates acute inflammation through control of glucose and lipid metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1984. [PMID: 36417534 PMCID: PMC9683712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) regulates lipid synthesis; however, its role in inflammatory regulation in macrophages remains unclear. We generated mice that are deficient in both ACC isoforms in myeloid cells. ACC deficiency altered the lipidomic, transcriptomic, and bioenergetic profile of bone marrow-derived macrophages, resulting in a blunted response to proinflammatory stimulation. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ACC is required for the early metabolic switch to glycolysis and remodeling of the macrophage lipidome. ACC deficiency also resulted in impaired macrophage innate immune functions, including bacterial clearance. Myeloid-specific deletion or pharmacological inhibition of ACC in mice attenuated LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, while pharmacological inhibition of ACC increased susceptibility to bacterial peritonitis in wild-type mice. Together, we identify a critical role for ACC in metabolic regulation of the innate immune response in macrophages, and thus a clinically relevant, unexpected consequence of pharmacological ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yeudall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Philip V. Seegren
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Pavelec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jan Greulich
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael C. Lemke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bimal N. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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20
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Endo Y, Kanno T, Nakajima T. Fatty acid metabolism in T-cell function and differentiation. Int Immunol 2022; 34:579-587. [PMID: 35700102 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism has recently emerged as a field of study examining the intersection between immunology and metabolism. Studies in this area have yielded new findings on the roles of a diverse range of metabolic pathways and metabolites, which have been found to control many aspects of T-cell biology, including cell differentiation, function and fate. A particularly important finding has been the discovery that to meet the energy requirements associated with their proliferation, activation and specific functions, T cells switch their metabolic signatures during differentiation. For example, whereas the induction of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid uptake programs are required for antigen-stimulation-induced proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells, fatty acid catabolism via β-oxidation is essential for the generation of memory T cells and the differentiation of regulatory T cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the metabolism in different stages of T cells and how fatty acid metabolism in these cells controls their specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.,Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
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21
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Concomitant Inhibition of FASN and SREBP Provides a Promising Therapy for CTCL. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184491. [PMID: 36139650 PMCID: PMC9496997 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The biosynthesis of fatty acids catalysed by FASN plays an important oncogenic role in various malignancies but has not been reported in CTCL yet. Here, we show that FASN is highly expressed in both cell lines and primary cells from CTCL patients. The inhibition of FASN impairs cell viability, survival, and proliferation. FASN expression is partly controlled by SREBP, and dual inhibition of FASN and SREBP enhances the impairment of cell proliferation. Overall, our data suggest that the combination of FASN and SREBP inhibitors could be a promising novel strategy in CTCL therapy. Abstract Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a group of non-Hodgkin’s primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas, with Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary syndrome (SS) being the two most common subtypes. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a crucial enzyme that catalyses the biosynthesis of fatty acids, which has been reported to play an oncogenic role in various malignancies but not in CTCL so far. Herein, we show that FASN is highly expressed in CTCL cell lines and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CTCL patients, while it is not in PBMCs from healthy individuals. The inhibition of FASN in CTCL cell lines impairs cell viability, survival, and proliferation, but, interestingly, it also increases FASN expression. However, inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), a transcription factor that promotes the expression of FASN, partially reversed the upregulation of FASN induced by FASN inhibitors. Thus, the combination of FASN and SREBP inhibitors enhanced the effects on both CTCL cell lines and PBMCs from SS patients, where a valid inhibition on cell proliferation could be verified. Importantly, compared to non-malignant cells, primary malignant cells are more sensitive to the inhibition of FASN and SREBP, making the combination of FASN and SREBP inhibitors a promising novel therapeutic strategy in CTCL.
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22
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Kanno T, Miyako K, Nakajima T, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. SCD2-mediated cooperative activation of IRF3-IRF9 regulatory circuit controls type I interferon transcriptome in CD4+ T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904875. [PMID: 36059459 PMCID: PMC9436477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (type I-IFN) are critical for the host defense to viral infection, and at the same time, the dysregulation of type I-IFN responses leads to autoinflammation or autoimmunity. Recently, we reported that the decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid caused by the genetic deletion of Scd2 is essential for the activation of type I-IFN signaling in CD4+ Th1 cells. Although interferon regulatory factor (IRF) is a family of homologous proteins that control the transcription of type I-IFN and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), the member of the IRF family that is responsible for the type I-IFN responses induced by targeting of SCD2 remains unclear. Here, we report that the deletion of Scd2 triggered IRF3 activation for type I-IFN production, resulting in the nuclear translocation of IRF9 to induce ISG transcriptome in Th1 cells. These data led us to hypothesize that IRF9 plays an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of ISGs in Scd2-deleted (sgScd2) Th1 cells. By employing ChIP-seq analyses, we found a substantial percentage of the IRF9 target genes were shared by sgScd2 and IFNβ-treated Th1 cells. Importantly, our detailed analyses identify a unique feature of IRF9 binding in sgScd2 Th1 cells that were not observed in IFNβ-treated Th1 cells. In addition, our combined analyses of transcriptome and IRF9 ChIP-seq revealed that the autoimmunity related genes, which increase in patient with SLE, were selectively increased in sgScd2 Th1 cells. Thus, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the process of fatty acid metabolism that is essential for the type I-IFN response and the activation of the IRF family in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyako
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hikari K. Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), AMED, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yusuke Endo,
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23
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Zheng K, Xia T, Liu N, Xia X, Song Y, Zhang AM. MicroRNA-206 inhibits HCV proliferation through depressing ACC1 lipid synthesis signalling pathway. J Viral Hepat 2022; 29:654-660. [PMID: 35582879 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are considered to play important roles in cell biological and pathological progress. microRNA-206 (miR-206) was reported to participate in lipogenesis, and lipid droplets were necessary for the life cycle of HCV proliferation. Whether miR-206 was associated with HCV proliferation and the potential mechanism are not clear. In this study, we firstly identified that miR-206 could inhibit HCV proliferation at the RNA and protein level. Bioinformatical prediction of target genes binding to miR-206 was performed to investigate whether inhibiting function was due to a lipogenesis pathway. Then, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) gene was selected as target gene of miR-206. The dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that luciferase significantly decreased in cells transfected with 3'-UTR of the ACC1 gene and miR-206. The RNA and protein levels of the ACC1 gene and its pathway genes were significantly lower in cells transfected with miR-206 than in controls. Furthermore, the lipid droplet numbers also significantly decreased in cells transfected with miR-206. In conclusion, miR-206 could inhibit HCV proliferation through depressing ACC1 lipogenesis pathway and decreasing the lipid droplet numbers. miR-206 might be used as anti-HCV biochemical drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexi Zheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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24
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Lim SA, Su W, Chapman NM, Chi H. Lipid metabolism in T cell signaling and function. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:470-481. [PMID: 35484263 PMCID: PMC11103273 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells orchestrate adaptive immunity against pathogens and other immune challenges, but their dysfunction can also mediate the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmunity. Metabolic adaptation in response to immunological and microenvironmental signals contributes to T cell function and fate decision. Lipid metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of T cell responses, with selective lipid metabolites serving as metabolic rheostats to integrate environmental cues and interplay with intracellular signaling processes. Here, we discuss how extracellular, de novo synthesized and membrane lipids orchestrate T cell biology. We also describe the roles of lipids as regulators of intracellular signaling at the levels of transcriptional, epigenetic and post-translational regulation in T cells. Finally, we summarize therapeutic targeting of lipid metabolism and signaling, and conclude with a discussion of important future directions. Understanding the molecular and functional interplay between lipid metabolism and T cell biology will ultimately inform therapeutic intervention for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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25
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Chapman NM, Chi H. Metabolic adaptation of lymphocytes in immunity and disease. Immunity 2022; 55:14-30. [PMID: 35021054 PMCID: PMC8842882 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells are crucial for protective immunity against pathogens and tumors. Differentiation and function of immune cells require dynamic reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Metabolic inputs, pathways, and enzymes display remarkable flexibility and heterogeneity, especially in vivo. How metabolic plasticity and adaptation dictate functional specialization of immune cells is fundamental to our understanding and therapeutic modulation of the immune system. Extensive progress has been made in characterizing the effects of metabolic networks on immune cell fate and function in discrete microenvironments or immunological contexts. In this review, we summarize how rewiring of cellular metabolism determines the outcome of adaptive immunity in vivo, with a focus on how metabolites, nutrients, and driver genes in immunometabolism instruct cellular programming and immune responses during infection, inflammation, and cancer in mice and humans. Understanding context-dependent metabolic remodeling will manifest legitimate opportunities for therapeutic intervention of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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26
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Chen HW, Jiang CX, Li J, Li N, Zang Y, Wu XY, Chen WX, Xiong J, Li J, Hu JF. Beshanzoides A-D, unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing polyketides from Penicillium commune P-4-1, an endophytic fungus of the endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39781-39789. [PMID: 35494150 PMCID: PMC9044568 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08377e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of previously undescribed (1–7) and structurally related known (8–17) isobenzofuran-type polyketides were obtained from the fermentation of Penicillium commune P-4-1, an endophytic fungus isolated from the fresh trunk bark of the critically endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis. Beshanzoides A–D (1–4, resp.) feature a cycloheptanone-containing isobenzofuran ring system hitherto unknown, which might be biosynthesized via two steps of aldol reactions starting from a common co-occurring isobenzofuran-type polyketide as the precursor. The new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism data, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Beshanzoide E (5) showed antimicrobial activity (MIC: 16 μg mL−1) against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas (±)-strobide A (10) inhibited (MIC: 16 μg mL−1) Candida albicans. Cyclopaldic acid (12) and 3-O-methyl-cyclopaldic acid (13) exhibited inhibitory effects against acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) with IC50 values of 0.96 and 11.77 μM, respectively. Compound 12 also inhibited (IC50: 7.56 μM) ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). Four unprecedented cycloheptanone-containing and some related known bioactive polyketides were isolated from an endophytic fungus associated with the critically endangered conifer Abies beshanzuensis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 PR China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Xi-Ying Wu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China .,Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200443 PR China
| | - Wen-Xue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai 201203 PR China .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Zhejiang 318000 PR China
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27
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Nakajima T, Kanno T, Yokoyama S, Sasamoto S, Asou HK, Tumes DJ, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. ACC1-expressing pathogenic T helper 2 cell populations facilitate lung and skin inflammation in mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210639. [PMID: 34813654 PMCID: PMC8614157 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells possess distinguishing effector functions and drive inflammatory disorders. We have previously identified IL-5-producing Th2 cells as the pathogenic population predominantly involved in the pathology of allergic inflammation. However, the cell-intrinsic signaling pathways that control the pathogenic Th2 cell function are still unclear. We herein report the high expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in the pathogenic CD4+ T cell population in the lung and skin. The genetic deletion of CD4+ T cell-intrinsic ACC1 dampened eosinophilic and basophilic inflammation in the lung and skin by constraining IL-5 or IL-3 production. Mechanistically, ACC1-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis induces the pathogenic cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via metabolic reprogramming and the availability of acetyl-CoA for epigenetic regulation. We thus identified a distinct phenotype of the pathogenic T cell population in the lung and skin, and ACC1 was shown to be an essential regulator controlling the pathogenic function of these populations to promote type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakajima
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hikari K. Asou
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damon J. Tumes
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Kawashima Y, Yokoyama S, Asou HK, Sasamoto S, Hayashizaki K, Kinjo Y, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. Acsbg1-dependent mitochondrial fitness is a metabolic checkpoint for tissue T reg cell homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109921. [PMID: 34758300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for immunological tolerance and immune homeostasis. Treg cells strongly rely on mitochondrial metabolism and show a lower level of glycolysis. However, little is known about the role of lipid metabolism in the regulation of Treg cell homeostasis. Some members of the ACSL family of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthases are expressed in T cells, but their function remains unclear. A combination of RNA-sequencing and proteome analyses shows that Acsbg1, a member of ACSL, is selectively expressed in Treg cells. We show that the genetic deletion of Acsbg1 not only causes mitochondrial dysfunction, but it also dampens other metabolic pathways. The extrinsic supplementation of Acsbg1-deficient Treg cells with oleoyl-CoA restores the phenotype of the Treg metabolic signature. Furthermore, this pathway in ST2+ effector Treg cells enhances immunosuppressive capacity in airway inflammation. Thus, Acsbg1 serves as a metabolic checkpoint governing Treg cell homeostasis and the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Fan C, Kam S, Ramadori P. Metabolism-Associated Epigenetic and Immunoepigenetic Reprogramming in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205250. [PMID: 34680398 PMCID: PMC8534280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes have been characterized as hallmarks of liver cancer. Independently of etiology, oncogenic pathways as well as the availability of different energetic substrates critically influence cellular metabolism, and the resulting perturbations often cause aberrant epigenetic alterations, not only in cancer cells but also in the hepatic tumor microenvironment. Metabolic intermediates serve as crucial substrates for various epigenetic modulations, from post-translational modification of histones to DNA methylation. In turn, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of metabolic genes supporting on the one hand, the increased energetic demand of cancer cells and, on the other hand, influence the activity of tumor-associated immune cell populations. In this review, we will illustrate the most recent findings about metabolic reprogramming in liver cancer. We will focus on the metabolic changes characterizing the tumor microenvironment and on how these alterations impact on epigenetic mechanisms involved in the malignant progression. Furthermore, we will report our current knowledge about the influence of cancer-specific metabolites on epigenetic reprogramming of immune cells and we will highlight how this favors a tumor-permissive immune environment. Finally, we will review the current strategies to target metabolic and epigenetic pathways and their therapeutic potential in liver cancer, alone or in combinatorial approaches.
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30
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Integrating multiple genomic imaging data for the study of lung metastasis in sarcomas using multi-dimensional constrained joint non-negative matrix factorization. Inf Sci (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2021.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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SCD2-mediated monounsaturated fatty acid metabolism regulates cGAS-STING-dependent type I IFN responses in CD4 + T cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:820. [PMID: 34188173 PMCID: PMC8242023 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host lipid metabolism and viral responses are intimately connected. However, the process by which the acquired immune systems adapts lipid metabolism to meet demands, and whether or not the metabolic rewiring confers a selective advantage to host immunity, remains unclear. Here we show that viral infection attenuates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in murine CD4+ T cells, which in turn increases the expression of antiviral genes. Inhibition of the fatty acid synthesis pathway substantially increases the basal expression of antiviral genes via the spontaneous production of type I interferon (IFN). Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technology and a global lipidomics analysis, we found that the decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid caused by genetic deletion of Scd2 in mice was crucial for the induction of an antiviral response through activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. These findings demonstrate the important relationship between fatty acid biosynthesis and type I IFN responses that enhances the antiviral response. Kanno et al. demonstrate that decreased monounsaturated fatty acid in CD4 + T cells following Scd2 deletion boosts the induction of the antiviral response via activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in mice. This study highlights the important interaction between fatty acid metabolism and the acquired immune response.
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32
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Zhao GJ, Wu Z, Ge L, Yang F, Hong K, Zhang S, Ma L. Ferroptosis-Related Gene-Based Prognostic Model and Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:650416. [PMID: 34178024 PMCID: PMC8220217 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common tumors in the urinary system. Ferroptosis plays a vital role in ccRCC development and progression. We did an update of ferroptosis-related multigene expression signature for individualized prognosis prediction in patients with ccRCC. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in ccRCC and normal samples were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and machine learning methods were employed to identify optimal prognosis-related genes. CARS1, CD44, FANCD2, HMGCR, NCOA4, SLC7A11, and ACACA were selected to establish a prognostic risk score model. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways; single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed several immune cells potentially related to ferroptosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high-risk scores had significantly poor overall survival (log-rank P = 7.815 × 10-11). The ferroptosis signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Finally, a prognostic nomogram, including the ferroptosis signature, age, histological grade, and stage status, was constructed. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas-based calibration plots, C-index, and decision curve indicated the excellent predictive performance of the nomogram. The ferroptosis-related seven-gene risk score model is useful as a prognostic biomarker and suggests therapeutic targets for ccRCC. The prognostic nomogram may assist in individualized survival prediction and improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zonglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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33
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Huang H, Zhou P, Wei J, Long L, Shi H, Dhungana Y, Chapman NM, Fu G, Saravia J, Raynor JL, Liu S, Palacios G, Wang YD, Qian C, Yu J, Chi H. In vivo CRISPR screening reveals nutrient signaling processes underpinning CD8 + T cell fate decisions. Cell 2021; 184:1245-1261.e21. [PMID: 33636132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How early events in effector T cell (TEFF) subsets tune memory T cell (TMEM) responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigated metabolic factors in fate determination of TEFF and TMEM cells using in vivo pooled CRISPR screening, focusing on negative regulators of TMEM responses. We found that amino acid transporters Slc7a1 and Slc38a2 dampened the magnitude of TMEM differentiation, in part through modulating mTORC1 signaling. By integrating genetic and systems approaches, we identified cellular and metabolic heterogeneity among TEFF cells, with terminal effector differentiation associated with establishment of metabolic quiescence and exit from the cell cycle. Importantly, Pofut1 (protein-O-fucosyltransferase-1) linked GDP-fucose availability to downstream Notch-Rbpj signaling, and perturbation of this nutrient signaling axis blocked terminal effector differentiation but drove context-dependent TEFF proliferation and TMEM development. Our study establishes that nutrient uptake and signaling are key determinants of T cell fate and shape the quantity and quality of TMEM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guotong Fu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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34
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Okawa T, Nagai M, Hase K. Dietary Intervention Impacts Immune Cell Functions and Dynamics by Inducing Metabolic Rewiring. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623989. [PMID: 33613560 PMCID: PMC7890027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that nutrient metabolism is closely associated with the differentiation and functions of various immune cells. Cellular metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, plays a key role in germinal center (GC) reaction, B-cell trafficking, and T-cell-fate decision. Furthermore, a quiescent metabolic status consolidates T-cell-dependent immunological memory. Therefore, dietary interventions such as calorie restriction, time-restricted feeding, and fasting potentially manipulate immune cell functions. For instance, intermittent fasting prevents the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Meanwhile, the fasting response diminishes the lymphocyte pool in gut-associated lymphoid tissue to minimize energy expenditure, leading to the attenuation of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response. The nutritional status also influences the dynamics of several immune cell subsets. Here, we describe the current understanding of the significance of immunometabolism in the differentiation and functionality of lymphocytes and macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanisms also are discussed. These experimental observations could offer new therapeutic strategies for immunological disorders like autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Okawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nagai
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Developmental Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Luo L, Li X, Zhang J, Zhu C, Jiang M, Luo Z, Qin B, Wang Y, Chen B, Du Y, Lou Y, You J. Enhanced immune memory through a constant photothermal-metabolism regulation for cancer prevention and treatment. Biomaterials 2021; 270:120678. [PMID: 33517205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vaccine inducing effective and perdurable antitumor immunity has a great potential for cancer prevention and therapy. The key indicator for a successful tumor vaccine is boosting the immune system to produce more memory T cells. Although many tumor vaccines have been designed, few of them involve in actively regulating immune memory CD8+T cells. Here a tumor vaccine vector (TA-Met@MS) by encapsulating tumor antigen (TA), metformin (Met) and Hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres was presented. TA via the treatment of photothermal therapy (PTT) showed high immunogenicity and immune-adjuvant effectiveness. And NIR light-mediated photothermal effect can lead to a pulsed-release behavior of TA and Met from the microspheres. The released TA can regulate primary T cell expansion and contraction, and stimulate the production of effector T cells at the early immunization stage. The metabolic behavior of the cells is then intervened from glycolysis into fatty acids oxidation (FAO) through the activation of AMPK mediated by Met, which can enhance T cell survival and facilitate the differentiation of memory CD8+T cells. This study may present a valuable insight to design tumor vaccine for enhanced cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Chunqi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, Guangdong, 318000, PR China
| | - Bin Chen
- Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Zhuhai, Guangdong, 318000, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Lou
- Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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36
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Kumar A, Chamoto K. Immune metabolism in PD-1 blockade-based cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunol 2021; 33:17-26. [PMID: 32622347 PMCID: PMC7771015 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism plays an important role in proliferating cells. Recent reports indicate that metabolic regulation or metabolic products can control immune cell differentiation, fate and reactions. Cancer immunotherapy based on blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been used worldwide, but a significant fraction of patients remain unresponsive. Therefore, clarifying the mechanisms and overcoming the unresponsiveness are urgent issues. Because cancer immunity consists of interactions between the cancer and host immune cells, there has recently been a focus on the metabolic interactions and/or competition between the tumor and the immune system to address these issues. Cancer cells render their microenvironment immunosuppressive, driving T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion, which is advantageous for cancer cell survival. However, accumulating mechanistic evidence of T-cell and cancer cell metabolism has gradually revealed that controlling the metabolic pathways of either type of cell can overcome T-cell dysfunction and reprogram the metabolic balance in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the role of immune metabolism in T-cell-based immune surveillance and cancer immune escape. This new concept has boosted the development of combination therapy and predictive biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Chamoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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37
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Suzuki AS, Yagi R, Kimura MY, Iwamura C, Shinoda K, Onodera A, Hirahara K, Tumes DJ, Koyama-Nasu R, Iismaa SE, Graham RM, Motohashi S, Nakayama T. Essential Role for CD30-Transglutaminase 2 Axis in Memory Th1 and Th17 Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1536. [PMID: 32793209 PMCID: PMC7385138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory helper T (Th) cells are crucial for secondary immune responses against infectious microorganisms but also drive the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to understand how memory T cells are generated. However, the molecular mechanisms governing memory Th cell generation remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified CD30 as a molecule heterogeneously expressed on effector Th1 and Th17 cells, and CD30hi effector Th1 and Th17 cells preferentially generated memory Th1 and Th17 cells. We found that CD30 mediated signal induced Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) expression, and that the TG2 expression in effector Th cells is essential for memory Th cell generation. In fact, Cd30-deficiency resulted in the impaired generation of memory Th1 and Th17 cells, which can be rescued by overexpression of TG2. Furthermore, transglutaminase-2 (Tgm2)-deficient CD4 T cells failed to become memory Th cells. As a result, T cells from Tgm2-deficient mice displayed impaired antigen-specific antibody production and attenuated Th17-mediated allergic responses. Our data indicate that CD30-induced TG2 expression in effector Th cells is essential for the generation of memory Th1 and Th17 cells, and that CD30 can be a marker for precursors of memory Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane S Suzuki
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoko Y Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Iwamura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Shinoda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryo Koyama-Nasu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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38
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Sheppard AD, Lysaght J. Immunometabolism and Its Potential to Improve the Current Limitations of Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2184:233-263. [PMID: 32808230 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0802-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last century of research in tumor immunology has culminated in the advent of immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs have shown encouraging results across a multitude of malignancies and have shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. However, no more than 40% of patients treated with these immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors respond. Thus, resistance is a barrier to therapy that remains poorly understood. All cells require energy and biosynthetic precursors for survival, growth, and functioning, where multiple metabolic pathways allow for flexibility in how nutrients are utilized. A defining hallmark of many cancers is altered cellular metabolism, creating an imbalanced demand for nutrients within the tumor microenvironment. Immunometabolism is increasingly understood to be vital to the functions and phenotypes of a myriad of immune cell subsets. In tumors, the high demand for nutrients by the tumor drives competition between tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells, culminating in dysfunctional immune responses. This chapter discusses the recent successes in cancer immunotherapy and highlights challenges to therapy. We also outline the major metabolic processes involved in the generation of an immune response, how this can become dysregulated in the context of the tumor microenvironment, and how this contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. Finally, we explore the potential for targeting immunometabolic pathways to improve immunotherapy, and examine current trials targeting various aspects of metabolism in an attempt to improve the outcomes from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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39
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Pallett LJ, Schmidt N, Schurich A. T cell metabolism in chronic viral infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:143-152. [PMID: 31038727 PMCID: PMC6642876 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are a fundamental component of the adaptive immune response in the context of both acute and chronic viral infection. Tight control over the metabolic processes within T cells provides an additional level of immune regulation that is interlinked with nutrient sensing and the continued balancing of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals. Underpinning T cell responsiveness for viral control are a number of phenotypic and functional adaptations ensuring adequate nutrient uptake and their utilization. T cells responding to persistent viral infections often exhibit a profile associated with immune cell exhaustion and a dysregulated metabolic profile, driven by a combination of chronic antigenic stimulation and signals from the local microenvironment. Understanding alterations in these metabolic processes provides an important basis for immunotherapeutic strategies to treat persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Pallett
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Schmidt
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Schurich
- Department of Infectious DiseasesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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40
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O'Sullivan D. The metabolic spectrum of memory T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:636-646. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David O'Sullivan
- Department of Immunometabolism Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics Freiburg Germany
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