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Shu YY, Hu LL, Ye J, Yang L, Jin Y. Rifaximin alleviates MCD diet-induced NASH in mice by restoring the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Life Sci 2024; 357:123095. [PMID: 39368771 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Due to the increasing global incidence rate of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) combined with the lack of effective treatment methods for this disease, there is an urgent need to find new treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rifaximin in preventing and treating NASH and the related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A NASH model was constructed by feeding male C57BL/6 mice a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks. Rifaximin was administered for 1 week before MCD diet feeding or during the last week of MCD diet feeding to investigate its preventive or therapeutic effects. Liver pathology, hepatic enzyme levels and metabolic indices were measured to evaluate the effects of rifaximin on NASH. Intestinal barrier integrity was measured via the Ussing chamber system and western blotting. 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the fecal microbiota composition. Western blotting was performed to evaluate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ protein levels. KEY FINDINGS Rifaximin effectively alleviated MCD diet-induced NASH. The microbiota composition in MCD diet-fed mice was significantly altered, and intestinal barrier integrity was disrupted. Dysbiosis and intestinal barrier dysfunction were reversed by rifaximin. In addition, rifaximin modulated PPARα and PPARγ expression in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE Rifaximin effectively alleviated MCD diet-induced NASH by restoring the gut microbiota and reversing intestinal barrier dysfunction, suggesting that rifaximin treatment is a new approach for preventing and treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yun Shu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Li Lin Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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Wu Y, Yang M, Wu SB, Luo PQ, Zhang C, Ruan CS, Cui W, Zhao QR, Chen LX, Meng JJ, Song Q, Zhang WJ, Pei QQ, Li F, Zeng T, Du HX, Xu LX, Zhang W, Zhang XX, Luo XH. Zinc finger BED-type containing 3 promotes hepatic steatosis by interacting with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1. Diabetologia 2024; 67:2346-2366. [PMID: 39037604 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome is well established. While zinc finger BED-type containing 3 (ZBED3) has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome, its role in MASLD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of ZBED3 in the context of MASLD. METHODS Expression levels of ZBED3 were assessed in individuals with MASLD, as well as in cellular and animal models of MASLD. In vitro and in vivo analyses were conducted using a cellular model of MASLD induced by NEFA and an animal model of MASLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, to investigate the role of ZBED3 in MASLD. ZBED3 expression was increased by lentiviral infection or tail-vein injection of adeno-associated virus. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were employed to examine the pathways through which ZBED3 modulates lipid accumulation. Findings from these next-generation transcriptome sequencing studies indicated that ZBED3 controls SREBP1c (also known as SREBF1; a gene involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis); thus, co-immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS were utilised to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which ZBED3 regulates the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c). RESULTS In this study, we found that ZBED3 was significantly upregulated in the liver of individuals with MASLD and in MASLD animal models. ZBED3 overexpression promoted NEFA-induced triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Zbed3 promoted hepatic steatosis. Conversely, the hepatocyte-specific knockout of Zbed3 resulted in resistance of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, ZBED3 interacts directly with polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and affects its binding to the SREBP1c mRNA precursor to regulate SREBP1c mRNA stability and alternative splicing. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study indicates that ZBED3 promotes hepatic steatosis and serves as a critical regulator of the progression of MASLD. DATA AVAILABILITY RNA-seq data have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE231875 ). MS proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the iProX partner repository ( https://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/cgi/GetDataset?ID=PXD041743 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Bo Wu
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Qi Luo
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Shun Ruan
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Rong Zhao
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Xin Chen
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan-Juan Meng
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Song
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin-Qin Pei
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Xin Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xian-Xiang Zhang
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiao-He Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- The Center of Clinical Research of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases in Chongqing, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Central Laboratory Department, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang P, Liu J, Lee A, Tsaur I, Ohira M, Duong V, Vo N, Watari K, Su H, Kim JY, Gu L, Zhu M, Shalapour S, Hosseini M, Bandyopadhyay G, Zeng S, Llorente C, Zhao HN, Lamichhane S, Mohan S, Dorrestein PC, Olefsky JM, Schnabl B, Soroosh P, Karin M. IL-22 resolves MASLD via enterocyte STAT3 restoration of diet-perturbed intestinal homeostasis. Cell Metab 2024; 36:2341-2354.e6. [PMID: 39317186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The exponential rise in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) parallels the ever-increasing consumption of energy-dense diets, underscoring the need for effective MASLD-resolving drugs. MASLD pathogenesis is linked to obesity, diabetes, "gut-liver axis" alterations, and defective interleukin-22 (IL-22) signaling. Although barrier-protective IL-22 blunts diet-induced metabolic alterations, inhibits lipid intake, and reverses microbial dysbiosis, obesogenic diets rapidly suppress its production by small intestine-localized innate lymphocytes. This results in STAT3 inhibition in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and expansion of the absorptive enterocyte compartment. These MASLD-sustaining aberrations were reversed by administration of recombinant IL-22, which resolved hepatosteatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and insulin resistance. Exogenous IL-22 exerted its therapeutic effects through its IEC receptor, rather than hepatocytes, activating STAT3 and inhibiting WNT-β-catenin signaling to shrink the absorptive enterocyte compartment. By reversing diet-reinforced macronutrient absorption, the main source of liver lipids, IL-22 signaling restoration represents a potentially effective interception of dietary obesity and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Junlai Liu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Allen Lee
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irene Tsaur
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Masafumi Ohira
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vivian Duong
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Vo
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mandy Zhu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mojgan Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Haoqi Nina Zhao
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Lamichhane
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Siddharth Mohan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pejman Soroosh
- Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Taranto D, Kloosterman DJ, Akkari L. Macrophages and T cells in metabolic disorder-associated cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1. [PMID: 39354070 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, reaching epidemic levels in recent decades. Often viewed as separate issues, metabolic disorders are shown by mounting evidence to heighten cancer risk and incidence. The intricacies underlying this connection are still being unraveled and encompass a complex interplay between metabolites, cancer cells and immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline the interplay between metabolic and immune cell dysfunction in the context of three highly prevalent metabolic disorders, namely obesity; two associated liver diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and type 2 diabetes. We focus primarily on macrophages and T cells, the critical roles of which in dictating inflammatory response and immune surveillance in metabolic disorder-associated cancers are widely reported. Moreover, considering the ever-increasing number of patients prescribed with metabolism disorder-altering drugs and diets in recent years, we discuss how these therapies modulate systemic and local immune phenotypes, consequently impacting cancer malignancy. Collectively, unraveling the determinants of metabolic disorder-associated immune landscape and their role in fuelling cancer malignancy will provide a framework essential to therapeutically address these highly prevalent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taranto
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fernandes-da-Silva A, Santana-Oliveira DA, Oliveira ASD, Ferreira TAM, Monteiro NC, Silva-Veiga FM, Martins FF, Cummins CL, Romeiro LAS, Souza-Mello V. LDT409 (pan-PPAR partial agonist) mitigates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in high-fructose-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 594:112380. [PMID: 39332468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study sought to evaluate the effects of LDT409, a pan-PPAR partial agonist obtained from the main industrial waste from cashew nut processing, on hepatic remodeling, highlighting energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high-fructose-fed mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice received a control diet (C) or a high-fructose diet (HFRU) for ten weeks. Then, a five-week treatment started: C, C-LDT409, HFRU, and HFRU-LDT409. The LDT409 (40 mg/kg of body weight) was mixed with the diets. RESULTS The HFRU diet caused insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. High Pparg and decreased Ppara expression increased steatosis and pro-fibrogenic gene expression in livers of HFRU-fed mice. Suppressed lipogenic factors, orchestrated by PPAR-gamma, and mitigated ER stress concomitant with the increase in beta-oxidation driven by PPAR-alpha mediated the LDT409 beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS LDT409 may represent a potential low-cost approach to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, which does not currently have a specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa S de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratory of Development of Therapeutic Innovations (LDT), Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thaís A M Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratory of Development of Therapeutic Innovations (LDT), Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Natália Cipriano Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratory of Development of Therapeutic Innovations (LDT), Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luiz Antonio Soares Romeiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Laboratory of Development of Therapeutic Innovations (LDT), Center for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Du Z, Wu G, Cheng H, Han T, Li D, Xie Z. L-Theanine Ameliorates Obesity-Related Complications Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice: Insights from Transcriptomics and Metabolomics. Foods 2024; 13:2977. [PMID: 39335905 PMCID: PMC11431230 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern globally. Plant-based ingredients have been proposed as alternative treatments for obesity. L-Theanine (THE), a unique nutraceutical component of tea, is known for its neuroprotective and cognitive benefits. However, there are few reports on THE's effects and mechanisms in improving obesity and its complications. In this study, the alleviating effects and potential mechanisms of THE on obesity-related complications (ORCs) induced by a high-fat diet(HFD) in mice were explored by performing biochemical, hepatic transcriptomics, and plasma metabolomics analyses. The results indicated THE (900 mg/kg of body weight) was effective in mitigating ORCs by decreasing body weight gain and fat deposition, improving glycolipid metabolism disorders, inflammation dysregulation, and alleviating fatty liver formation due to long-term HFD. The hepatic transcriptomics data suggested that THE intervention suppresses the lipid metabolism and inflammation pathways in HFD-fed mice, thereby inhibiting hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Moreover, plasma metabolomics analysis revealed that THE exhibited positive effects on the homeostasis of plasma metabolite balance, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC(14:0/18:1)), phosphatidylethanolamine (Lyso-PE(14:0)), phosphatidic acid (PA(16:0e/18:0)), stigmasterol, and deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate. These metabolites were strongly correlated with ORC-related indicators. Our results indicated that THE, as a functional food additive, possesses potential for ORC alleviation. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how THE alleviates ORCs needs to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-Aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Guohuo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-Aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Huijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China
| | - Tingting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Baharuddin B. The Impact of Fructose Consumption on Human Health: Effects on Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Diabetes, Uric Acid, and Oxidative Stress With a Focus on the Liver. Cureus 2024; 16:e70095. [PMID: 39355469 PMCID: PMC11444807 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.70095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption, primarily through processed foods and beverages, has become a significant public health concern due to its association with various metabolic disorders. This review examines the impact of fructose on human health, focusing on its role in obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, uric acid production, and oxidative stress. Fructose metabolism, distinct from glucose, predominantly occurs in the liver, where it bypasses normal insulin regulation, leading to increased fat synthesis through de novo lipogenesis. This process contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, fructose-induced adenosine triphosphate depletion activates purine degradation, increasing uric acid levels and exacerbating hyperuricemia. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species during fructose metabolism also drives oxidative stress, promoting inflammation and cellular damage. By synthesizing recent findings, this review underscores the importance of regulating fructose intake, implementing public health policies, and adopting lifestyle changes to mitigate these adverse effects.
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Lackner A, Cabral JE, Qiu Y, Zhou H, Leonidas L, Pham MA, Macapagal A, Lin S, Armanus E, McNulty R. Small molecule inhibitor binds to NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and prevents inflammasome activation. iScience 2024; 27:110459. [PMID: 39104412 PMCID: PMC11298654 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the mechanism of oxidized DNA activating NLRP3, the molecular mechanism and consequence of oxidized DNA associating with NLRP3 remains unknown. Cytosolic NLRP3 binds oxidized DNA which has been released from the mitochondria, which subsequently triggers inflammasome activation. Human glycosylase (hOGG1) repairs oxidized DNA damage which inhibits inflammasome activation. The fold of NLRP3 pyrin domain contains amino acids and a protein fold similar to hOGG1. Amino acids that enable hOGG1 to bind and cleave oxidized DNA are conserved in NLRP3. We found NLRP3 could bind and cleave oxidized guanine within mitochondrial DNA. The binding of oxidized DNA to NLRP3 was prevented by small molecule drugs which also inhibit hOGG1. These same drugs also inhibited inflammasome activation. Elucidating this mechanism will enable the design of drug memetics that treat inflammasome pathologies, illustrated herein by NLRP3 pyrin domain inhibitors which suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lackner
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Julia Elise Cabral
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Yanfei Qiu
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Haitian Zhou
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Lemuel Leonidas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Minh Anh Pham
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Alijah Macapagal
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Sophia Lin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Emy Armanus
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
| | - Reginald McNulty
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Structure, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92694-3900, USA
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9
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Lodge M, Dykes R, Kennedy A. Regulation of Fructose Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 39062559 PMCID: PMC11274671 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, 128 Polk Hall Campus, Box 7622, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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10
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Rezq S, Huffman AM, Basnet J, Alsemeh AE, do Carmo JM, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. MicroRNA-21 modulates brown adipose tissue adipogenesis and thermogenesis in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38987854 PMCID: PMC11238487 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women, is associated with increased obesity, hyperandrogenism, and altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. MicroRNAs play critical functions in brown adipocyte differentiation and maintenance. We aim to study the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in altered energy homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis in a PCOS mouse model of peripubertal androgen exposure. METHODS Three-week-old miR-21 knockout (miR21KO) or wild-type (WT) female mice were treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or vehicle for 90 days. Body composition was determined by EchoMRI. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured by indirect calorimetry. Androgen receptor (AR), and markers of adipogenesis, de novo lipogenesis, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and thermogenesis were quantified by RT-qPCR and/or Western-blot. RESULTS MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated increase in body weight while having no effect on fat or BAT mass. MiR-21 ablation attenuated DHT-mediated BAT AR upregulation. MiR-21 ablation did not alter EE; however, miR21KO DHT-treated mice have reduced VO2, VCO2, and RER. MiR-21 ablation reversed DHT-mediated decrease in food intake and increase in sleep time. MiR-21 ablation decreased some adipogenesis (Adipoq, Pparγ, and Cebpβ) and extracellular matrix remodeling (Mmp-9 and Timp-1) markers expression in DHT-treated mice. MiR-21 ablation abolished DHT-mediated increases in thermogenesis markers Cpt1a and Cpt1b, while decreasing CIDE-A expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BAT miR-21 may play a role in regulating DHT-mediated thermogenic dysfunction in PCOS. Modulation of BAT miR-21 levels could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PCOS-associated metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Huffman
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jelina Basnet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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11
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Ting KK. John Yudkin's hypothesis: sugar is a major dietary culprit in the development of cardiovascular disease. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1407108. [PMID: 39027662 PMCID: PMC11257042 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1407108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the risk of developing atherosclerosis has extended beyond Western countries and now affecting individuals from various ethnic backgrounds and age groups. Traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as hypercholesterolemia, has been better controlled than before due to highly effective and inexpensive therapies at lowering plasma cholesterol levels. However, the role of reducing dietary cholesterol intake, as a public healthy strategy, in preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular mortalities has been recently challenged. Indeed, despite our continuous decline of dietary cholesterol intake within the last 50 years, the incidence of cardiovascular mortalities has continued to rise, thus raising the possibility that other dietary factors, such as fructose-containing sugars, are the major culprit. In the 1970s, John Yudkin first proposed that sugar was the predominant dietary factor that underlies the majority of cardiovascular mortalities, yet his hypothesis was dismissed. However, over the last 25 years substantial scientific evidence has been accumulated to support Yudkin's hypothesis. The objectives of this review are to highlight Yudkin's significant contribution to nutritional science by reviewing his hypothesis and summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of fructose metabolism. The metabolic consequences of fructose metabolism, such as fructose-induced uricemia, insulin resistance, lipoprotein hyperproduction and chronic inflammation, and how they are linked to atherosclerosis as risk factors will be discussed. Finally, the review will explore areas that warrant future research and raise important considerations that we need to evaluate when designing future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K.Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Hohagen M, Sánchez L, Herbst AJ, Kählig H, Shin JW, Berry D, Del Favero G, Kleitz F. MANNosylation of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Modifies TLR4 Localization and NF-κB Translocation in T24 Bladder Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304150. [PMID: 38554019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
D-mannose is widely used as non-antibiotic treatment for bacterial urinary tract infections. This application is based on a well-studied mechanism of binding to the type 1 bacterial pili and, therefore, blocking bacteria adhesion to the uroepithelial cells. To implement D-mannose into carrier systems, the mechanism of action of the sugar in the bladder environment is also relevant and requires investigation. Herein, two different MANNosylation strategies using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are described. The impact of different chemical linkers on bacterial adhesion and bladder cell response is studied via confocal microscopy imaging of the MSN interactions with the respective organisms. Cytotoxicity is assessed and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1), in the presence or absence of simulated infection with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is evaluated using the human urinary bladder cancer cell line T24. Further, localisation of the transcription factor NF-κB due to the MANNosylated materials is examined over time. The results show that MANNosylation modifies bacterial adhesion to the nanomaterials and significantly affects TLR4, caveolin-1, and NF-κB in bladder cells. These elements are essential components of the inflammatory cascade/pathogens response during urinary tract infections. These findings demonstrate that MANNosylation is a versatile tool to design hybrid nanocarriers for targeted biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hohagen
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Ann-Jacqueline Herbst
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jae Won Shin
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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13
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Shah P, Holmes K, Chibane F, Wang P, Chagas P, Salles E, Jones M, Palines P, Masoumy M, Baban B, Yu J. Cutaneous Wound Healing and the Effects of Cannabidiol. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7137. [PMID: 39000244 PMCID: PMC11241632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds, both acute and chronic, begin with loss of the integrity, and thus barrier function, of the skin. Surgery and trauma produce acute wounds. There are 22 million surgical procedures per year in the United States alone, based on data from the American College of Surgeons, resulting in a prevalence of 6.67%. Acute traumatic wounds requiring repair total 8 million per year, 2.42% or 24.2 per 1000. The cost of wound care is increasing; it approached USD 100 billion for just Medicare in 2018. This burden for wound care will continue to rise with population aging, the increase in metabolic syndrome, and more elective surgeries. To heal a wound, an orchestrated, evolutionarily conserved, and complex series of events involving cellular and molecular agents at the local and systemic levels are necessary. The principal factors of this important function include elements from the neurological, cardiovascular, immune, nutritional, and endocrine systems. The objectives of this review are to provide clinicians engaged in wound care and basic science researchers interested in wound healing with an updated synopsis from recent publications. We also present data from our primary investigations, testing the hypothesis that cannabidiol can alter cutaneous wound healing and documenting their effects in wild type (C57/BL6) and db/db mice (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, T2DM). The focus is on the potential roles of the endocannabinoid system, cannabidiol, and the important immune-regulatory wound cytokine IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, and connective tissue growth factor, CTGF, due to their roles in both normal and abnormal wound healing. We found an initial delay in the rate of wound closure in B6 mice with CBD, but this difference disappeared with time. CBD decreased IL-33 + cells in B6 by 70% while nearly increasing CTGF + cells in db/db mice by two folds from 18.6% to 38.8% (p < 0.05) using a dorsal wound model. We review the current literature on normal and abnormal wound healing, and document effects of CBD in B6 and db/db dorsal cutaneous wounds. CBD may have some beneficial effects in diabetic wounds. We applied 6-mm circular punch to create standard size full-thickness dorsal wounds in B6 and db/db mice. The experimental group received CBD while the control group got only vehicle. The outcome measures were rate of wound closure, wound cells expressing IL-33 and CTGF, and ILC profiles. In B6, the initial rate of wound closure was slower but there was no delay in the time to final closure, and cells expressing IL-33 was significantly reduced. CTGF + cells were higher in db/bd wounds treated with CBD. These data support the potential use of CBD to improve diabetic cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Shah
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (K.H.); (F.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Kathryne Holmes
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (K.H.); (F.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Fairouz Chibane
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (K.H.); (F.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Phillip Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.W.); (P.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Pablo Chagas
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.W.); (P.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Evila Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.W.); (P.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Melanie Jones
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (K.H.); (F.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Patrick Palines
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohamad Masoumy
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.W.); (P.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Jack Yu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.S.); (K.H.); (F.C.); (M.J.)
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14
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Kim HY, Lee W, Liu X, Jang H, Sakane S, Carvalho-Gontijo Weber R, Diggle K, Kerk SA, Metallo CM, Kisseleva T, Brenner DA. Protocol to generate human liver spheroids to study liver fibrosis induced by metabolic stress. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103111. [PMID: 38833372 PMCID: PMC11179098 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for obesity and alcohol-associated liver diseases, partially due to the lack of translational human models. Here, we present a protocol to generate 3D human liver spheroids that contain all the liver cell types and mimic "livers in a dish." We describe strategies to induce metabolic and alcohol-associated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. We outline potential applications, including using human liver spheroids for experimental and translational research and drug screening to identify potential anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haeum Jang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Karin Diggle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David A Brenner
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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15
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Karin M, Kim JY. MASH as an emerging cause of hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38874196 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the deadliest and fastest-growing cancers. Among HCC etiologies, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has served as a major HCC driver due to its great potential for increasing cirrhosis. The obesogenic environment fosters a positive energy balance and results in a continuous rise of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, it is difficult to understand how metabolic complications lead to the poor prognosis of liver diseases and which molecular mechanisms are underpinning MAFLD-driven HCC development. Thus, suitable preclinical models that recapitulate human etiologies are essentially required. Numerous preclinical models have been created but not many mimicked anthropometric measures and the course of disease progression shown in the patients. Here we review the literature on adipose tissues, liver-related HCC etiologies and recently discovered genetic mutation signatures found in MAFLD-driven HCC patients. We also critically review current rodent models suggested for MAFLD-driven HCC study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
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16
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Meng S, Jiangtao B, Haisong W, Mei L, Long Z, Shanfeng L. RNA m 5C methylation: a potential modulator of innate immune pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362159. [PMID: 38807595 PMCID: PMC11131105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As reported, aberrant m5C methylation is closely associated with the progression, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of HCC. The innate immune system functions as the primary defense mechanism in the body against pathogenic infections and tumors since it can activate innate immune pathways through pattern recognition receptors to exert anti-infection and anti-tumor effects. Recently, m5C methylation has been demonstrated to affect the activation of innate immune pathways including TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways by modulating RNA function, unveiling new mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate immune responses by tumor cells. However, research on m5C methylation and its interplay with innate immune pathways is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review details the biological significance of RNA m5C methylation in HCC and discusses its potential regulatory relationship with TLR, cGAS-STING, and RIG-I pathways, thereby providing fresh insights into the role of RNA methylation in the innate immune mechanisms and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Shanfeng
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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17
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Dong ZL, Jiao X, Wang ZG, Yuan K, Yang YQ, Wang Y, Li YT, Wang TC, Kan TY, Wang J, Tao HR. D-mannose alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration through glutamine metabolism. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38711073 PMCID: PMC11071241 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a multifaceted condition characterized by heterogeneity, wherein the balance between catabolism and anabolism in the extracellular matrix of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells plays a central role. Presently, the available treatments primarily focus on relieving symptoms associated with IVDD without offering an effective cure targeting its underlying pathophysiological processes. D-mannose (referred to as mannose) has demonstrated anti-catabolic properties in various diseases. Nevertheless, its therapeutic potential in IVDD has yet to be explored. METHODS The study began with optimizing the mannose concentration for restoring NP cells. Transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify the mediators influenced by mannose, with the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) gene showing the most significant differences. Subsequently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to demonstrate that Txnip is the key gene through which mannose exerts its effects. Techniques such as colocalization analysis, molecular docking, and overexpression assays further confirmed the direct regulatory relationship between mannose and TXNIP. To elucidate the mechanism of action of mannose, metabolomics techniques were employed to pinpoint glutamine as a core metabolite affected by mannose. Next, various methods, including integrated omics data and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, were used to validate the one-way pathway through which TXNIP regulates glutamine. Finally, the therapeutic effect of mannose on IVDD was validated, elucidating the mechanistic role of TXNIP in glutamine metabolism in both intradiscal and orally treated rats. RESULTS In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was discovered that mannose has potent efficacy in alleviating IVDD by inhibiting catabolism. From a mechanistic standpoint, it was shown that mannose exerts its anti-catabolic effects by directly targeting the transcription factor max-like protein X-interacting protein (MondoA), resulting in the upregulation of TXNIP. This upregulation, in turn, inhibits glutamine metabolism, ultimately accomplishing its anti-catabolic effects by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. More importantly, in vivo experiments have further demonstrated that compared with intradiscal injections, oral administration of mannose at safe concentrations can achieve effective therapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, through integrated multiomics analysis, including both in vivo and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated that mannose primarily exerts its anti-catabolic effects on IVDD through the TXNIP-glutamine axis. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the potential of the use of mannose in clinical applications for alleviating IVDD. Compared to existing clinically invasive or pain-relieving therapies for IVDD, the oral administration of mannose has characteristics that are more advantageous for clinical IVDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Lin Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zeng-Guang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Qi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yun-Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tian-Chang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tian-You Kan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Hai-Rong Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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18
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Zhu L, Litts B, Wang Y, Rein JA, Atzrodt CL, Chinnarasu S, An J, Thorson AS, Xu Y, Stafford JM. Ablation of IFNγ in myeloid cells suppresses liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in mice with hepatic small heterodimer partner (SHP) deletion. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101932. [PMID: 38589002 PMCID: PMC11035112 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common complication of obesity and, in severe cases, progresses to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and regulates metabolism and inflammation in the liver via a variety of pathways. In this study, we investigate the molecular foundation of MASH progression in mice with hepatic SHP deletion and explore possible therapeutic means to reduce MASH. METHODS Hepatic SHP knockout mice (SHPΔhep) and their wild-type littermates (SHPfl/fl) of both sexes were fed a fructose diet for 14 weeks and subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. Then, plasma lipids were determined, and liver lipid metabolism and inflammation pathways were analyzed with immunoblotting, RNAseq, and qPCR assays. To explore possible therapeutic intersections of SHP and inflammatory pathways, SHPΔhep mice were reconstituted with bone marrow lacking interferon γ (IFNγ-/-) to suppress inflammation. RESULTS Hepatic deletion of SHP in mice fed a fructose diet decreased liver fat and increased proteins for fatty acid oxidation and liver lipid uptake, including UCP1, CPT1α, ACDAM, and SRBI. Despite lower liver fat, hepatic SHP deletion increased liver inflammatory F4/80+ cells and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IL-6, Ccl2, and IFNγ) in both sexes and elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress markers of Cox2 and CHOP in female mice. Liver bulk RNAseq data showed upregulation of genes whose protein products regulate lipid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and inflammation in SHPΔhep mice. The increased inflammation and fibrosis in SHPΔhep mice were corrected with bone marrow-derived IFNγ-/- myeloid cell transplantation. CONCLUSION Hepatic deletion of SHP improves fatty liver but worsens hepatic inflammation possibly by driving excess fatty acid oxidation, which is corrected by deletion of IFNγ specifically in myeloid cells. This suggests that hepatic SHP limits fatty acid oxidation during fructose diet feeding but, in doing so, prevents pro-MASH pathways. The IFNγ-mediated inflammation in myeloid cells appears to be a potential therapeutic target to suppress MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, USA
| | - Bridget Litts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Rein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, USA
| | | | | | - Julia An
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, USA
| | - Ariel S Thorson
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Health System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, USA.
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19
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Gabbia D, Sayaf K, Zanotto I, Colognesi M, Frion-Herrera Y, Carrara M, Russo FP, De Martin S. Tyrosol attenuates NASH features by reprogramming the hepatic immune milieu. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 969:176453. [PMID: 38408597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, and no drugs have been approved for its therapy. Among plant-derived molecules, phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil like tyrosol (Tyr) had demonstrated multiple beneficial actions for liver health, including the modulation of inflammation in fibrosis. This study aims at assessing the protective effect and mechanism of Tyr in invitro and in vivo models of NASH, with a focus on the hepatic immune microenvironment and extrahepatic manifestations. The effect of Tyr was evaluated in cellular models of NASH, obtained by co-culturing palmitic and oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells with THP1-derived M1 macrophages and LX2 cells, and in a mouse model of NASH induced by a high fructose-high fat diet combined to CCl4 treatment. In vitro Tyr reduced fatty acid (FA) accumulation in HepG2 cells and displayed a beneficial effect on LX2 activation and macrophage differentiation. In vivo, beside reducing steatosis and fibrosis in NASH animals, Tyr prevented inflammation, as demonstrated by the reduction of hepatic inflammatory foci, and immune cells like CD86+ macrophages (p < 0.05), CD4+ (p < 0.05) and T helper effector CD4+ FoxP3- CD62L-lymphocytes (p < 0.05). Also, the prooxidant enzyme NOX1 and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and IL6 (p < 0.05) were reduced by Tyr. Notably, in Tyr-treated animals, a significant increase of CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cells (p < 0.05) was observed, involved in regenerative pathways. Moreover, Tyr attenuated the fatigue and anxious behavior observed in NASH mice. In conclusion, Tyr effectively reduced NASH-related steatosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, displaying a beneficial effect on the hepatic immune infiltrate, indicating its possible development as a therapeutic agent for NASH due to its multifaceted mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yahima Frion-Herrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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20
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Tyler Mertens R, Ding Y, Xiao P. Sweet regulation - The emerging immunoregulatory roles of hexoses. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00157-7. [PMID: 38631430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that dietary habits have profound impacts on human health and diseases. As the most important sweeteners and energy sources in human diets, hexoses take part in a broad range of physiopathological processes. In recent years, emerging evidence has uncovered the crucial roles of hexoses, such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose, in controlling the differentiation or function of immune cells. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we reviewed the latest research progresses in the hexose-mediated modulation of immune responses, provided in-depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms, and discussed the unresolved issues in this field. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Owing to their immunoregulatory effects, hexoses affect the onset and progression of various types of immune disorders, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immune evasion. Thus, targeting hexose metabolism is becoming a promising strategy for reversing immune abnormalities in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuening Zhao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yimin Ding
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Schwärzler J, Grabherr F, Grander C, Adolph TE, Tilg H. The pathophysiology of MASLD: an immunometabolic perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:375-386. [PMID: 38149354 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2294046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic-associated liver diseases have emerged pandemically across the globe and are clinically related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The new nomenclature and definition (i.e. metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - MASLD; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis - MASH) reflect the nature of these complex systemic disorders, which are characterized by inflammation, gut dysbiosis and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize recent advantages in understanding the pathophysiology of MASLD, which we parallel to emerging therapeutic concepts. AREAS COVERED We summarize the pathophysiologic concepts of MASLD and its transition to MASH and subsequent advanced sequelae of diseases. Furthermore, we highlight how dietary constituents, microbes and associated metabolites, metabolic perturbations, and immune dysregulation fuel lipotoxicity, hepatic inflammation, liver injury, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Deciphering the intricate pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of MASLD is essential to develop targeted therapeutic approaches to combat this escalating burden for health-care systems. EXPERT OPINION The rapidly increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease challenges health-care systems worldwide. Understanding pathophysiologic traits is crucial to improve the prevention and treatment of this disorder and to slow progression into advanced sequelae such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Deng S, Ge Y, Zhai Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wu Z. Fructose induces hepatic steatosis in adolescent mice linked to the disorders of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109635. [PMID: 38561080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of excessive fructose intake on the development and progression of metabolic disorders have received widespread attention. However, the deleterious effects of fructose on the development of hepatic metabolic disease in adolescents and its potential mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of isocaloric fructose-rich diets on the liver of adolescent mice. The results showed that fructose-rich diets had no effect on the development of obesity in the adolescent mice, but did induce hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, we found that fructose-rich diets promoted hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in adolescent mice, which may be associated with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, our results showed that fructose-rich diets caused disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysfunction. Finally, we found that the intestinal barrier function was impaired in the mice fed fructose-rich diets. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary high fructose induces hepatic metabolic disorders in adolescent mice. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for fully understanding the effects of high fructose intake on the development of hepatic metabolic diseases during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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23
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Ran S, Song L, Yang H, Yu J, Zhen Y, Liu Q. Piperine alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301133. [PMID: 38547097 PMCID: PMC10977780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a high risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Piperine (Pip) is an extract of plants with powerful anti-inflammatory effects, however, the function of Pip in NASH remains elusive. Here, we aim to explore the role of Pip in NASH and to find the possible mechanisms. METHODS Methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diets were used to induce steatohepatitis, methionine- and choline-sufficient (MCS) diets were used as the control. After Pip treatment, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and F4/80 expression were performed to analysis liver steatosis and inflammation; Masson's staining, COL1A1 and α-SMA were detected liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated AML12 cells were used to as the cell model to induce pyroptosis. Then, pyroptosis-related proteins, IL-1β and LDH release were detected in vivo and in vitro. Finally, NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, was used to further demonstrate the mechanism of Pip in NASH. RESULTS The study found that Pip alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis in mice fed with MCD diets. Moreover, the pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD), IL-1β and LDH release were decreased by Pip treatment. NF-κB activation was suppressed by Pip treatment and pyroptosis-related proteins were down regulated by BAY11-7082. CONCLUSION Pip ameliorates NASH progression, and the therapeutical effect was associated with inhibition of hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suye Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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24
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De Cól JP, de Lima EP, Pompeu FM, Cressoni Araújo A, de Alvares Goulart R, Bechara MD, Laurindo LF, Méndez-Sánchez N, Barbalho SM. Underlying Mechanisms behind the Brain-Gut-Liver Axis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3694. [PMID: 38612504 PMCID: PMC11011299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) includes several metabolic dysfunctions caused by dysregulation in the brain-gut-liver axis and, consequently, increases cardiovascular risks and fatty liver dysfunction. In MAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are frequently present; these conditions are related to liver lipogenesis and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between the brain-gut-liver axis and MAFLD. The inflammatory process, cellular alterations in hepatocytes and stellate cells, hypercaloric diet, and sedentarism aggravate the prognosis of patients with MAFLD. Thus, to understand the modulation of the physiopathology of MAFLD, it is necessary to include the organokines involved in this process (adipokines, myokines, osteokines, and hepatokines) and their clinical relevance to project future perspectives of this condition and bring to light new possibilities in therapeutic approaches. Adipokines are responsible for the activation of distinct cellular signaling in different tissues, such as insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is important for balancing substances to avoid MAFLD and its progression. Myokines improve the quantity and quality of adipose tissues, contributing to avoiding the development of MAFLD. Finally, hepatokines are decisive in improving or not improving the progression of this disease through the regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory organokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Pauli De Cól
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Fernanda Moris Pompeu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo 17519-080, Brazil;
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil; (J.P.D.C.); (M.D.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), São Paulo 17525-902, Brazil;
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), São Paulo 17500-000, Brazil
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25
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Hargett S, Lahiri S, Kowalski GM, Corley S, Nelson ME, Lackner C, Olzomer EM, Aleksovska I, Hearn BA, Shrestha R, Janitz M, Gorrell MD, Bruce CR, Wilkins M, Hoehn KL, Byrne FL. Bile acids mediate fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167029. [PMID: 38325224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
High fructose diets are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Previous studies in mice suggest increased lipogenesis is a key mechanism linking high fructose diets to liver tumour growth. However, these studies administered fructose to mice at supraphysiological levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver tumour growth and lipogenesis were altered in mice fed fructose at physiological levels. To test this, we injected male C57BL/6 mice with the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine and then fed them diets without fructose or fructose ranging from 10 to 20 % total calories. Results showed mice fed diets with ≥15 % fructose had significantly increased liver tumour numbers (2-4-fold) and total tumour burden (∼7-fold) vs mice fed no-fructose diets. However, fructose-associated tumour burden was not associated with lipogenesis. Conversely, unbiased metabolomic analyses revealed bile acids were elevated in the sera of mice fed a 15 % fructose diet vs mice fed a no-fructose diet. Using a syngeneic ectopic liver tumour model, we show that ursodeoxycholic acid, which decreases systemic bile acids, significantly reduced liver tumour growth in mice fed the 15 % fructose diet but not mice fed a no-fructose diet. These results point to a novel role for systemic bile acids in mediating liver tumour growth associated with a high fructose diet. Overall, our study shows fructose intake at or above normal human consumption (≥15 %) is associated with increased liver tumour numbers and growth and that modulating systemic bile acids inhibits fructose-associated liver tumour growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hargett
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Sujoy Lahiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Susan Corley
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen M Olzomer
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Isabella Aleksovska
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brandon A Hearn
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Riya Shrestha
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Liver Enzymes in Metabolism and Inflammation Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Marc Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0735, USA; School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances L Byrne
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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26
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. Lipotoxicity and immunometabolism in ischemic acute kidney injury: current perspectives and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355674. [PMID: 38464721 PMCID: PMC10924325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of kidney diseases. The specific mechanisms through which lipotoxicity contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) remain poorly understood. Herein we review the cardinal features of lipotoxic injury in ischemic kidney injury; lipid accumulation and mitochondrial lipotoxicity. We then explore a new mechanism of lipotoxicity, what we define as "immunometabolic" lipotoxicity, and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this lipotoxicity using lipid lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A. Otunla
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H. Davies
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Lodge M, Scheidemantle G, Adams VR, Cottam MA, Richard D, Breuer D, Thompson P, Shrestha K, Liu X, Kennedy A. Fructose regulates the pentose phosphate pathway and induces an inflammatory and resolution phenotype in Kupffer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4020. [PMID: 38369593 PMCID: PMC10874942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Over-consumption of fructose in adults and children has been linked to increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have highlighted the effect of fructose on liver inflammation, fibrosis, and immune cell activation. However, little work summarizes the direct impact of fructose on macrophage infiltration, phenotype, and function within the liver. We demonstrate that chronic fructose diet decreased Kupffer cell populations while increasing transitioning monocytes. In addition, fructose increased fibrotic gene expression of collagen 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1) and tissue metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (Timp1) as well as inflammatory gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa) and expression of transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (Gpnmb) in liver tissue compared to glucose and control diets. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) revealed fructose elevated expression of matrix metallopeptidase 12 (Mmp12), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn), and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain (Rsad2) in liver and hepatic macrophages. In vitro studies using IMKC and J774.1 cells demonstrated decreased viability when exposed to fructose. Additionally, fructose increased Gpnmb, Tnfa, Mmp12, Il1rn, and Rsad2 in unpolarized IMKC. By mass spectrometry, C13 fructose tracing detected fructose metabolites in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Inhibition of the PPP further increased fructose induced Il6, Gpnmb, Mmp12, Il1rn, and Rsad2 in nonpolarized IMKC. Taken together, fructose decreases cell viability while upregulating resolution and anti-inflammatory associated genes in Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareca Lodge
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Grace Scheidemantle
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Victoria R Adams
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Richard
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Denitra Breuer
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peter Thompson
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kritika Shrestha
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Yuan H, Wu X, Wang X, Zhou JY, Park S. Microbial Dysbiosis Linked to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Asians: Prevotella copri Promotes Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis and Network Instability in the Prevotella Enterotype. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2183. [PMID: 38396863 PMCID: PMC10889285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation by metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated gut microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according to enterotypes. Case-control studies examining the gut microbiota composition between MAFLD and non-MAFLD participants were searched in public databases until July 2023. Gut microbiota was categorized into two enterotypes by principal component analysis. According to the enterotypes, LEfSe, ALDEx2, XGBoost, and DCiPatho were utilized to identify differential abundances and pathogenic microbes in the gut between the MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups. We analyzed microbial community networks with the SprCC module and predicted microbial functions. In the Prevotella enterotype (ET-P), 98.6% of Asians and 65.1% of Caucasians were associated with MAFLD (p = 0.049). MAFLD incidence was correlated with enterotype, age, obesity, and ethnicity (p < 0.05). Asian MAFLD patients exhibited decreased Firmicutes and Akkermansia muciniphila and increased Bacteroidetes and P. copri. The pathogenicity scores were 0.006 for A. muciniphila and 0.868 for P. copri. The Asian MAFLD group showed decreased stability and complexity in the gut microbiota network. Metagenome function analysis revealed higher fructose metabolism and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and lower animal proteins and α-linolenic acid metabolism in Asians with MAFLD compared with the non-MAFLD group. LPS biosynthesis was positively correlated with P. copri (p < 0.05). In conclusion, P. copri emerged as a potential microbial biomarker for MAFLD. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of MAFLD mediated through the gut microbiota, providing insights for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Computer and Data Analysis, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Jun-Yu Zhou
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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29
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Esquea EM, Young RG, Reginato MJ. Fructose promotes liver cancer via microbial acetate-induced O-GlcNAcylation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:88-90. [PMID: 38097465 PMCID: PMC10922857 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
High dietary fructose consumption is linked to multiple disease states, including cancer. Zhou and colleagues recently reported a novel mechanism where high dietary fructose levels increase acetate production by the gut microbiome increasing post-translational modification O-GlcNAcylation in liver cells, which contributes to disease progression in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Esquea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riley G Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio J Reginato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Wang Y, Zheng J, Long Y, Wu W, Zhu Y. Direct degradation and stabilization of proteins: New horizons in treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115989. [PMID: 38122854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is featured with excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and its global prevalence is soaring. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe systemic inflammatory subtype of NAFLD, is tightly associated with metabolic comorbidities, and the hepatocytes manifest severe inflammation and ballooning. Currently the therapeutic options for treating NASH are limited. Potent small molecules specifically intervene with the signaling pathways that promote pathogenesis of NASH. Nevertheless they have obvious adverse effects and show long-term ineffectiveness in clinical trials. It poses the fundamental question to efficiently and safely inhibit the pathogenic processes. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) belongs to the direct degradation strategies and is a burgeoning strategy. It utilizes the small molecules to bind to the target proteins and recruit the endogenous proteasome, lysosome and autophagosome-mediated degradation machineries. They effectively and specifically degrade the target proteins. It has exhibited promising therapeutic effects in treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases in a catalytic manner at low doses. We critically discuss the principles of multiple direct degradation strategies, especially PROTAC and ATTEC. We extensively analyze their emerging application in degradation of excessive pathogenic proteins and lipid droplets, which promote the progression of NASH. Moreover, we discuss the opposite strategy that utilizes the small molecules to recruit deubiquinases to stabilize the NASH/MASH-suppressing proteins. Their advantages, limitations, as well as the solutions to address the limitations have been analyzed. In summary, the innovative direct degradation strategies provide new insights into design of next-generation therapeutics to combat NASH with optimal safety paradigm and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, PR China.
| | - Jianan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Yutong Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, PR China
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31
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Lucena MI, Villanueva-Paz M, Alvarez-Alvarez I, Aithal GP, Björnsson ES, Cakan-Akdogan G, Cubero FJ, Esteves F, Falcon-Perez JM, Fromenty B, Garcia-Ruiz C, Grove JI, Konu O, Kranendonk M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Miranda JP, Remesal-Doblado A, Sancho-Bru P, Nelson L, Andrade RJ, Daly AK, Fernandez-Checa JC. Roadmap to DILI research in Europe. A proposal from COST action ProEuroDILINet. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107046. [PMID: 38159783 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the current article the aims for a constructive way forward in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) are to highlight the most important priorities in research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and better funded future for European DILI research. This Roadmap aims to identify key challenges, define a shared vision across all stakeholders for the opportunities to overcome these challenges and propose a high-quality research program to achieve progress on the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and management of this condition and impact on healthcare practice in the field of DILI. This will involve 1. Creation of a database encompassing optimised case report form for prospectively identified DILI cases with well-characterised controls with competing diagnoses, biological samples, and imaging data; 2. Establishing of preclinical models to improve the assessment and prediction of hepatotoxicity in humans to guide future drug safety testing; 3. Emphasis on implementation science and 4. Enhanced collaboration between drug-developers, clinicians and regulatory scientists. This proposed operational framework will advance DILI research and may bring together basic, applied, translational and clinical research in DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Lucena
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Investigación Clínica y Ensayos Clínicos UICEC-IBIMA, Plataforma ISCIII de Investigación Clínica, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Villanueva-Paz
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Alvarez-Alvarez
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - G P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - E S Björnsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Cakan-Akdogan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F J Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Esteves
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J M Falcon-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia 48009, Spain
| | - B Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - C Garcia-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Grove
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - O Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NMS | FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; CMO & Patient Safety, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A Remesal-Doblado
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - P Sancho-Bru
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R J Andrade
- Servicios de Aparato Digestivo y Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - A K Daly
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - J C Fernandez-Checa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Hong JG, Carbajal Y, Trotman J, Glass M, Sclar V, Alter IL, Zhang P, Wang L, Chen L, Petitjean M, Friedman SL, DeRossi C, Chu J. Mannose Supplementation Curbs Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Murine MASH by Inhibiting Fructose Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576067. [PMID: 38293175 PMCID: PMC10827199 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. There are no approved medical therapies to prevent or reverse disease progression. Fructose and its metabolism in the liver play integral roles in MASH pathogenesis and progression. Here we focus on mannose, a simple sugar, which dampens hepatic stellate cell activation and mitigates alcoholic liver disease in vitro and in vivo . In the well-validated FAT-MASH murine model, oral mannose supplementation improved both liver steatosis and fibrosis at low and high doses, whether administered either at the onset of the model ("Prevention") or at week 6 of the 12-week MASH regimen ("Reversal"). The in vivo anti-fibrotic effects of mannose supplementation were validated in a second model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro human and mouse primary hepatocytes revealed that the anti-steatotic effects of mannose are dependent on the presence of fructose, which attenuates expression of ketohexokinase (KHK), the main enzyme in fructolysis. KHK is decreased with mannose supplementation in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of KHK abrogated the anti-steatotic effects of mannose. Our study identifies mannose as a simple, novel therapeutic candidate for MASH that mitigates metabolic dysregulation and exerts anti-fibrotic effects.
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Zhang C, Li Z, Hu K, Ren Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wei W, Tu S, Yan X. The prognostic implications and tumor-suppressive functions of CYR61 in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1308807. [PMID: 38259466 PMCID: PMC10800661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the therapeutic resistance of endocrine therapy and the limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BRCA), there is an urgent need to develop novel prognostic markers and understand the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). As a matricellular protein, CYR61 has been shown to either promote or suppress cancer progression depending on cancer types. However, how CYR61 functions in ER-positive BRCA remains elusive. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of CYR61 in BRCA based on the TCGA and METABRIC databases. Our findings showed that the expression of CYR61 is downregulated in different subtypes of BRCA, which is associated with elevated promoter methylation levels and predicts bad clinical outcomes. By comparing the high or low CYR61 expression groups of ER-positive BRCA patients, we found that CYR61 is intimately linked to the expression of genes involved in tumor-suppressive pathways, such as the TGF-β and TNF signaling pathways, and genes related to cytokine-receptor interaction that may regulate cancer immunity. Moreover, reduced CYR61 expression is associated with an altered TIME that favors cancer progression. Finally, experimental analyses ascertained that CYR61 is downregulated in clinical BRCA tissues compared to matched normal breast tissues. Furthermore, CYR61 is able to impede the proliferation and colony formation of ER-positive BRCA cells. In summary, our study reveals that CYR61 could serve as a novel prognostic marker for ER-positive BRCA, and function as an inhibitor of cancer progression by both acting on cancer cells and remodeling the TIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of GCP, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Breast Surgery of Third Hospital of Nanchang and Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaiheng Hu
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuankang Zhao
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuo Tu
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohua Yan
- The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Breast Surgery of Third Hospital of Nanchang and Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Sather TE. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Implications for Aviation Preflight Indoctrination Students. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2024; 95:25-28. [PMID: 38158571 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6277.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Research has shown that excessive sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption has been associated with being overweight and obese and the military is not immune to this disorder. Being overweight/obese is one of the characteristics that comprise a condition known as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The global prevalence of MetS in the military population is estimated to be 21%, which varies depending upon the armed forces type and specialty. The purpose of this study is to identify the subset of the aviation population that may develop MetS at some future point and to put forth suggestions on how best to combat this and maintain operational readiness.METHODS: Data were collected by means of an anonymous 44-item survey administered and completed by 302 students enrolled in Aviation Preflight Indoctrination at the Naval Air Station Base in Pensacola, FL.RESULTS: Results indicated that 70.86% of students reported SSB consumption, with 95.3% preferring caffeinated to decaffeinated SSBs. 11.7% of personnel met the "at risk criteria" of consuming SSBs four times per week or greater (four 12-oz cans or more per week).DISCUSSION: Findings from this study indicate that approximately 11.7% of aviation pilots or flight officers are "at risk" of developing MetS. Given that it takes up to 4 yr to train a new fighter pilot, this could become a significant readiness issue on par with the impact seen with pilots leaving the services through natural attrition.Sather TE. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and implications for aviation preflight indoctrination students. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(1):25-28.
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35
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Xiao X, Zheng Q, Li S, Long D, Feng L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17514. [PMID: 38139341 PMCID: PMC10743953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common disease in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to viral hepatitis in recent decades. Furthermore, studies have shown that NAFLD is inextricably linked to the development of extrahepatic diseases. However, there is currently no effective treatment to cure NAFLD. In addition, in 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to show that its pathogenesis is closely related to metabolic disorders. Recent studies have reported that the development of MAFLD is inextricably associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Simultaneously, mitochondrial stress caused by structural and functional disorders stimulates the occurrence and accumulation of fat and lipo-toxicity in hepatocytes and HSCs. In addition, the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the liver-gut axis has also become a new point during the development of MAFLD. In this review, we summarize the effects of several potential treatment strategies for MAFLD, including antioxidants, reagents, and intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Long
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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36
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Lackner A, Cabral JE, Qiu Y, Zhou H, Leonidas L, Pham MA, Macapagal A, Lin S, Armanus E, McNulty R. Small molecule inhibitor binds to NLRP3 and prevents inflammasome activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571573. [PMID: 38168343 PMCID: PMC10760093 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the mechanism of oxidized DNA activating NLRP3, the molecular mechanism and consequence of oxidized DNA associating with NLRP3 remains unknown. Cytosolic NLRP3 binds oxidized DNA which has been released from the mitochondria, which subsequently triggers inflammasome activation. Human glycosylase (hOGG1) repairs oxidized DNA damage which inhibits inflammasome activation. The fold of NLRP3 pyrin domain contains amino acids and a protein fold similar to hOGG1. Amino acids that enable hOGG1 to bind and cleave oxidized DNA are conserved in NLRP3. We found NLRP3 could bind and cleave oxidized guanine within mitochondrial DNA. The binding of oxidized DNA to NLRP3 was prevented by small molecule drugs which also inhibit hOGG1. These same drugs also inhibited inflammasome activation. Elucidating this mechanism will enable design of drug memetics that treat inflammasome pathologies, illustrated herein by NLRP3 pyrin domain inhibitors which suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in macrophages. One-Sentence Summary NLRP3 cleaves oxidized DNA and small molecule drug binding inhibits inflammasome activation.
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Zhang Y, Yu X, Bao R, Huang H, Gu C, Lv Q, Han Q, Du X, Zhao XY, Ye Y, Zhao R, Sun J, Zou Q. Dietary fructose-mediated adipocyte metabolism drives antitumor CD8 + T cell responses. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2107-2118.e6. [PMID: 37863051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Fructose consumption is associated with tumor growth and metastasis in mice, yet its impact on antitumor immune responses remains unclear. Here, we show that dietary fructose modulates adipocyte metabolism to enhance antitumor CD8+ T cell immune responses and control tumor growth. Transcriptional profiling of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells reveals that dietary fructose mediates attenuated transition of CD8+ T cells to terminal exhaustion, leading to a superior antitumor efficacy. High-fructose feeding initiates adipocyte-derived leptin production in an mTORC1-dependent manner, thereby triggering leptin-boosted antitumor CD8+ T cell responses. Importantly, high plasma leptin levels are correlated with elevated plasma fructose concentrations and improved antitumor CD8+ T cell responses in patients with lung cancer. Our study characterizes a critical role for dietary fructose in shaping adipocyte metabolism to prime antitumor CD8+ T cell responses and highlights that the fructose-leptin axis may be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Zhang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Rujuan Bao
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chuanjia Gu
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qianming Lv
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Han
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xian Du
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Qiang Zou
- Shanghai Chest Hospital & Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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38
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Wang L, Wang R, Yu X, Shi Y, Li S, Yuan Y. Effects of Calorie Restriction and Fasting on Macrophage: Potential Impact on Disease Outcomes? Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300380. [PMID: 37771201 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Energy restriction, including calorie restriction and fasting, has garnered significant attention for its potential therapeutic effects on a range of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer) and aging. Since macrophages are critical players in many diseases, their response to energy restriction may impact disease outcomes. However, the diverse metabolic patterns and functions of macrophages can lead to variability in the effects of energy restriction on macrophages across different tissues and disease states. This review outlines the effects of energy restriction on macrophages in several diseases, offering valuable guidance for future studies and insights into the clinical applications of calorie restriction and fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yuhuan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Yongfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 Mohe Road, Shanghai, 201999, China
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Ren X, Xu J, Xu Y, Wang Q, Huang K, He X. Artemether Attenuates Gut Barrier Dysfunction and Intestinal Flora Imbalance in High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4860. [PMID: 38068719 PMCID: PMC10707945 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a key determinant of intestinal and systemic health, and when our intestines are damaged, there is disruption of the intestinal barrier, which in turn induces a systemic inflammatory response. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the intestine are still not fully understood. Artemether (ART), one of the artemisinin derivatives, has been widely used to treat malaria. Nevertheless, the effect of ART on intestinal inflammation remains unclear. The present study intended to elucidate the potential mechanism of ART in diet-induced intestinal injury. A high-fat and high-fructose (HFHF) diet-induced mouse model of intestinal injury was constructed, and the mice were treated with ART to examine their role in intestinal injury. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the anti-intestinal inflammation effect and mechanism of ART. The results indicated that ART intervention may significantly ameliorate the intestinal flora imbalance caused by the HFHF diet and alleviate intestinal barrier function disorders and inflammatory responses by raising the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, ART intervention restrained HFHF-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway in colon tissue, which may be concerned with the potential protective effect of ART on intestinal inflammation. ART might provide new insights into further explaining the mechanism of action of other metabolic diseases caused by intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing 100083, China
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40
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Dasgupta A, Gangai S, Narayan R, Kapoor S. Mapping the Lipid Signatures in COVID-19 Infection: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Solutions. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14411-14433. [PMID: 37899546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic ignited research centered around the identification of robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible, hijacks the metabolic machinery of the host cells. It relies on lipids and lipoproteins of host cells for entry, trafficking, immune evasion, viral replication, and exocytosis. The infection causes host cell lipid metabolic remodelling. Targeting lipid-based processes is thus a promising strategy for countering COVID-19. Here, we review the role of lipids in the different steps of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identify lipid-centric targetable avenues. We discuss lipidome changes in infected patients and their relevance as potential clinical diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. We summarize the emerging direct and indirect therapeutic approaches for targeting COVID-19 using lipid-inspired approaches. Given that viral protein-targeted therapies may become less effective due to mutations in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, lipid-inspired interventions may provide additional and perhaps better means of combating this and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishi Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IIT-Bombay Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shon Gangai
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences (SCMS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayan
- School of Chemical and Materials Sciences (SCMS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences (SILS), Institute of Technology Goa, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- IIT-Bombay Monash Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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41
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Zhou P, Chang WY, Gong DA, Xia J, Chen W, Huang LY, Liu R, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang K, Tang N, Huang AL. High dietary fructose promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation via microbiota-derived acetate. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1961-1975.e6. [PMID: 37797623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies have addressed the tumor-promoting role of fructose in different cancers. The effects and pathological mechanisms of high dietary fructose on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of fructose supplementation on HCC progression in wild-type C57BL/6 mice using a spontaneous and chemically induced HCC mouse model. We show that elevated uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAcylation levels induced by high dietary fructose contribute to HCC progression. Non-targeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing revealed that under fructose treatment, microbiota-derived acetate upregulates glutamine and UDP-GlcNAc levels and enhances protein O-GlcNAcylation in HCC. Global profiling of O-GlcNAcylation revealed that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth. Targeting glutamate-ammonia ligase or O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) remarkably impeded HCC progression in mice with high fructose intake. We propose that high dietary fructose promotes HCC progression through microbial acetate-induced hyper-O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Ao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Lu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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42
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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43
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Zhou M, Liu X, He J, Xu X, Ju C, Luo S, Lu X, Du P, Chen Y. High-fructose corn syrup aggravates colitis via microbiota dysbiosis-mediated Th17/Treg imbalance. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1619-1635. [PMID: 37818653 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fructose is widely used in beverages, processed foods, and Western diets as food additives, and is closely related to the increased prevalence of multiple diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the detailed mechanism by which high fructose disrupts intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. The present study showed that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) administration exacerbated intestinal inflammation and deteriorated barrier integrity. Several in vivo experimental models were utilized to verify the importance of gut microbiota and immune cells in HFCS-mediated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed the imbalance between primary bile acids (PBAs) and secondary bile acids (SBAs) in feces. Hence, high fructose was speculated to modulate gut microbiota community and reduced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Clostridium scindens at genus and species level respectively, followed by a decrease in SBAs, especially isoalloLCA, thereby affecting Th17/Treg cells equilibrium and promoting intestinal inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into the crosstalk between gut flora, bile acids, and mucosal immunity, and highlight potential strategies for precise treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Ju
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangjian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiajuan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kongjiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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44
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Li F, Zhang Z, Bai Y, Che Q, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Glucosamine Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by High-Fat and High-Sugar Diet through Regulating Intestinal Barrier Function, Liver Inflammation, and Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:6918. [PMID: 37836761 PMCID: PMC10574579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has continued to increase globally, and NAFLD has become a worldwide public health problem. Glucosamine (GLC) is an amino monosaccharide derivative of glucose. GLC has been proven to not only be effective in anti-inflammation applications, but also to modulate the gut microbiota effectively. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effect of GLC in the NAFLD context and the mechanisms underlying these effects were explored. Specifically, an NAFLD model was established by feeding mice a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHSD), and the HFHSD-fed NAFLD mice were treated with GLC. First, we investigated the effect of treating NAFLD mice with GLC by analyzing serum- and liver-related indicator levels. We found that GLC attenuated insulin resistance and inflammation, increased antioxidant function, and attenuated serum and liver lipid metabolism in the mice. Then, we investigated the mechanism underlying liver lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function in these mice. We found that GLC can improve liver lipid metabolism and relieve insulin resistance and oxidative stress levels. In addition, GLC treatment increased intestinal barrier function, reduced LPS translocation, and reduced liver inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, thereby effectively ameliorating liver lesions in NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Tilg H, Byrne CD, Targher G. NASH drug treatment development: challenges and lessons. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:943-954. [PMID: 37597527 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Although NAFLD is tightly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, this liver disease also affects individuals who do not have obesity. NAFLD increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers. There is currently no licensed pharmacotherapy for NAFLD, despite numerous clinical trials in the past two decades. Currently, the reason so few drugs have been successful in the treatment of NAFLD in a trial setting is not fully understood. As cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of mortality in people with NAFLD, future pharmacotherapies for NAFLD must consider associated cardiometabolic risk factors. The successful use of glucose-lowering drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD indicates that this strategy is important, and worth developing further. Greater public awareness of NAFLD is needed because collaboration between all stakeholders is vital to enable a holistic approach to successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
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46
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Tutan D, Kaya M. Evaluation of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information on Hepatosteatosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e46843. [PMID: 37829652 PMCID: PMC10566639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individuals frequently turn to YouTube as a source of information about their medical conditions and potential treatment options. Among the common ailments affecting the general population, hepatosteatosis stands out due to its severe consequences in the absence of proper treatment. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of hepatosteatosis-related videos available on the YouTube platform, and the secondary objective is to determine if there is a difference in video quality between videos uploaded by medical professionals and other sources. Methods The process of selecting videos for this study involved evaluating their relevance after conducting a search using the keywords "hepatosteatosis," "fatty liver," and "hepatic steatosis" on YouTube. This search was conducted on August 18, 2023. From the search results, we identified and selected the top 50 most-watched videos in the English language. These selected videos were then rigorously assessed for their relevance and content by three independent medical professionals. Additionally, various descriptive attributes of each video, such as the upload date, subscriber count, view count, likes, dislikes, and comments, were meticulously recorded in the dataset. To determine the quality of these videos, we utilized three evaluation tools: the DISCERN Score, the Global Quality Score (GQS), and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) rating scales. We have used the median±interquartile range (IQR), mean±standard deviation (SD), and the range of minimum to maximum values to convey descriptive statistics. The distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilks test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to identify relationships between variables. The association between quality indicators and data was examined using multiple regression analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine significant differences between groups. A statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered significant. Results Our study revealed notable statistical differences in DISCERN scores when comparing videos uploaded by medical doctors to those uploaded by individuals without medical qualifications (p < 0.001). Likewise, in the comparisons between these two groups, videos created by healthcare professionals consistently demonstrated significantly higher quality scores in both the JAMA and GQS evaluations (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). This suggests that videos uploaded by medical professionals tend to provide higher-quality information on the topic of hepatosteatosis compared to those uploaded by non-medical individuals. Video length and comment counts were also found to be significant in the multivariate linear regression analysis and were predictive of the DISCERN score (p = 0.047 and p = 0.037, respectively). Conclusions The quality of information related to hepatosteatosis on YouTube varies significantly. Surprisingly, there is no noticeable difference in terms of views and popularity between helpful and potentially misleading videos. For individuals seeking reliable information, it is advisable to prioritize videos uploaded by medical professionals. Paying attention to the qualifications of the content creator rather than the video's popularity or view count is crucial when seeking accurate and trustworthy information on hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Tutan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erol Olçok Research and Training Hospital, Çorum, TUR
| | - Muhammed Kaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Çorum, TUR
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Min Y, Heo Y, Feng F, Kim D, Kim M, Yang J, Kim HJ, Jee Y, Ghosh M, Kang I, Son YO. High-Sucrose Diet Accelerates Arthritis Progression in a Collagen-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300244. [PMID: 37688304 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High dietary sugar and sweeteners are suspected to cause the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms through the induction of proinflammatory cytokine release. However, the mechanisms by which increased dietary sugar affects RA etiology are not yet fully understood. The study uses a mouse model of collagen-induced RA (CIA) to investigate the relationship between excessive sugar consumption and RA risk. METHODS AND RESULTS RA-associated pathological features are assessed in the nonimmunized (NI) control group, the CIA-positive control group, and the CIA + high-sucrose diet (CIA+HS, 63% calories from sucrose) group. Compared with the CIA group, the CIA+HS group shows a greater increase in paw thickness and clinical scores, as well as, a higher degree of pannus formation and inflammation in the knee, ankle, and sole tissues. Moreover, the infiltration of immune cells is increased in the CIA+HS group. Although the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, is not altered, that of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and IL-1β is considerably elevated in the CIA+HS group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that excessive sucrose consumption causes hepatic fibrosis and inflammation, contributing to the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Min
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Division of Animal Genetics and Bioinformatics, The National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55465, Republic of Korea
| | - Mangeun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio, Chemical and Processing Engineering (SBCE), Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Educational, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - Inhae Kang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
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Boslem E, Reibe S, Carlessi R, Smeuninx B, Tegegne S, Egan CL, McLennan E, Terry LV, Nobis M, Mu A, Nowell C, Horadagoda N, Mellett NA, Timpson P, Jones M, Denisenko E, Forrest AR, Tirnitz-Parker JE, Meikle PJ, Rose-John S, Karin M, Febbraio MA. Therapeutic blockade of ER stress and inflammation prevents NASH and progression to HCC. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0831. [PMID: 37703359 PMCID: PMC10499313 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rapidly rising largely because of increased obesity leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a known HCC risk factor. There are no approved treatments to treat NASH. Here, we first used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to characterize a mouse model that mimics human NASH-driven HCC, the MUP-uPA mouse fed a high-fat diet. Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation was observed in a subset of hepatocytes that was enriched in mice that progress to HCC. We next treated MUP-uPA mice with the ER stress inhibitor BGP-15 and soluble gp130Fc, a drug that blocks inflammation by preventing interleukin-6 trans-signaling. Both drugs have progressed to phase 2/3 human clinical trials for other indications. We show that this combined therapy reversed NASH and reduced NASH-driven HCC. Our data suggest that these drugs could provide a potential therapy for NASH progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Boslem
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Surafel Tegegne
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Casey L. Egan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma McLennan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren V. Terry
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andre Mu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge UK
| | - Cameron Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil Horadagoda
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | | | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Denisenko
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Janina E. E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Talamantes S, Lisjak M, Gilglioni EH, Llamoza-Torres CJ, Ramos-Molina B, Gurzov EN. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus as growing aetiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100811. [PMID: 37575883 PMCID: PMC10413159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well-established risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the role of steatosis, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic inflammation in HCC development and progression. We focus on recent findings linking intracellular pathways and transcription factors that can trigger the reprogramming of hepatic cells. In addition, we highlight the role of enzymes in dysregulated metabolic activity and consequent dysfunctional signalling. Finally, we discuss the potential uses and challenges of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat NAFLD/T2D-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Talamantes
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Michela Lisjak
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Eduardo H. Gilglioni
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
| | - Camilo J. Llamoza-Torres
- Department of Hepatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, Brussels, 1070, Belgium
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, 30120, Spain
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, Wavre, 1300, Belgium
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Jiang X, Hu R, Huang Y, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Shi Y, Miao J, Liu Y. Fructose aggravates copper-deficiency-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 119:109402. [PMID: 37311490 PMCID: PMC11186518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, affecting 24% of the global population. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that copper deficiency (CuD) is implicated in the development of NAFLD, besides, high fructose consumption by promoting inflammation contributes to NAFLD. However, how CuD and/or fructose (Fru) causes NAFLD is not clearly delineated. The present study aims to investigate the role of CuD and/or fructose supplement on hepatic steatosis and hepatic injury. We established a CuD rat model by feeding weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks with CuD diet. Fructose was supplemented in drinking water. We found the promoting role of CuD or Fructose (Fru) in the progress of NAFLD, which was aggravated by combination of the two. Furthermore, we presented the alteration of hepatic lipid profiles (including content, composition, and saturation), especially ceramide (Cer), cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was closely associated with CuD and/or Fru fed induced-NAFLD in rat models. In conclusion, insufficient copper intake or excessive fructose supplement resulted in adverse effects on the hepatic lipid profile, and fructose supplement causes a further hepatic injury in CuD-induced NAFLD, which illuminated a better understanding of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruixiang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yipu Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhirui Zheng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuansen Shi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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