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Yunita S, Adnani QES, Zuhairini Y, Dhamayanti M, Rahmatika NS, Anwar R, Ghozali M. Anthropometry Indices and Body Composition in Adolescent Girls with Anemia: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:4131-4141. [PMID: 39220327 PMCID: PMC11363963 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s481134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To reduce anemia rates, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of anemia and its associated factors. It is essential for teenagers who are going through a period of rapid growth to promptly address anemia since untreated anemia can negatively impact their reproductive health. This literature review investigated the relationship between nutritional and anthropometric status indicators, body composition, and prevalence of anemia in teenage girls. Studies were selected based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. A comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed= 409, ScienceDirect= 3153, Scopus= 4, Sage Journals= 358) and manual citation of five articles yielded 3929 articles, of which 630 were excluded for irrelevance, one was inaccessible, and nine articles were included in the study after assessing their eligibility. The review's findings suggest that indicators such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) are indicated as initial assessments to screen the nutritional status of adolescent females and estimate their risk of anemia. Only one article has specifically discussed the connection between fat mass and anemia in terms of body composition. The need for studies on anthropometry and body composition-related anemia underscores the need to broaden investigations to gain a more nuanced understanding of this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Yunita
- Master of Midwifery Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Yenni Zuhairini
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Meita Dhamayanti
- Department of Child Health, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Syifa Rahmatika
- Master of Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Ruswana Anwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ghozali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
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Miranda SP, Owais A, Lopez MV, Herrera EK, Unar-Munguía M, Rodriguez FM, Merritt CE, Lee C, Rattan P, Ataullahjan A, Dommarco JR, Arenas AB, Neufeld LM, Bhutta ZA. Factors Affecting Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Mexico: A Mixed-Methods Country Case Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00531-8. [PMID: 38914225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, anemia prevalence among women of reproductive age (WRA) decreased from 16.4% in 2006 to 11.6% in 2012, only to increase to 18.3% in 2016. The factors associated with this fluctuation are uncertain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic in-depth assessment of the quantitative and qualitative determinants of anemia among WRA in Mexico between 2006 and 2018. METHODS Using multivariate stepwise linear regression, we analyzed Mexico's Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT) surveys from 2006, 2012, and 2018 to identify determinants of WRA anemia. We also conducted a review of anemia-relevant programs and policies, including financing documents, and conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with key stakeholders in Mexico. RESULTS Among non-pregnant women (NPW) 15-49 years, mean hemoglobin (Hb) increased from 13.8 g/dL in 2006 to 14.0 g/dL in 2012, decreasing to 13.2 g/dL in 2018 (p<0.001). Inequities by geographical region and household wealth persisted throughout this period, with household wealth, urban residence and gravidity emerging as significant predictors of Hb among NPW. Qualitative analyses generally supported these findings. The most discussed program was Progresa-Oportunidades-Prospera (POP), where most resources for health were invested and most participants acknowledged that its cancellation in 2019 would lead to worsening in health and nutrition among the poor. Financing analyses showed a drop of funding for nutrition-related programs between 2014 and 2018. Cultural norms around gender roles were still prevalent, along with increasing rates of teenage pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Anemia prevention efforts need to refocus on poverty alleviation, continuity of adequate coverage and financing of nutrition programs, especially with safety nets, and increase in uptake of family planning, especially among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aatekah Owais
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Lee
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Preety Rattan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lynnette M Neufeld
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Sagastume D, Barrenechea-Pulache A, Ruiz-Alejos A, Polman K, Beňová L, Ramírez-Zea M, Peñalvo JL. Quantifying Overlapping Forms of Malnutrition Across Latin America: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Estimates. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100212. [PMID: 38493876 PMCID: PMC11015105 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Estimating the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is challenging in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region where various DBM typologies (e.g., obesity and stunting) are heterogeneous and estimates are scattered across literature This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DBM typologies in the LAC region. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies on the prevalence of DBM published between 1 January, 2000, and 23 January, 2023. Outcomes were the prevalence of the identified DBM typologies at the household, individual, or across life course levels. Random-effect meta-analyses of proportions were used to estimate pooled period prevalence for all outcomes. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regressions. From 754 records identified, 60 (8%) studies were eligible, with a median of 4379 individuals. Studies reported data from 27 LAC countries collected between 1988 and 2017. Most studies used nationally representative surveys (68%) and scored as low risk of bias (70%). We identified 17 DBM typologies for which 360 estimates were analyzed. The prevalence of the identified DBM typologies ranged between 0% and 24%, with the DBM typology of "adult with overweight and child with anemia" having the highest prevalence (24.3%; 95% CI: 18.8%, 30.2%). The most frequently reported DBM typology was "adult with overweight and child with stunting," with a prevalence of 8.5% (95% CI: 7.7, 9.3). All prevalences carried large heterogeneity (I2>90%), modestly explained by subregions and countries. DBM across the life course could not be estimated owing to insufficient estimates. In conclusion, using available data, our study suggests that the burden of DBM in the LAC region ranges between 0% and 24%. In the most frequent DBM typologies, overweight was a common contributor. Substantial progress can be made in curbing the burden of DBM in the LAC region through strategies addressing excess weight within these population groups. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023406755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sagastume
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Katja Polman
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lenka Beňová
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - José L Peñalvo
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Getnet M, Sisay WS, Alem AZ. Spatial distribution and associated factors of co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and Anemia among women in the reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis, DHS 2016-2021. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299519. [PMID: 38635643 PMCID: PMC11025742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity is one of the major public health problems that affect both developed and developing nations. The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia is thought to be largely preventable if detected early. To date, no spatial analyses have been performed to identify areas of hotspots for the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among reproductive women in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and associated factors of the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among women of reproductive age. METHODS Data for the study were drawn from the Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted in the era of Sustainable Development Goals, in which the World Health Assembly decided and planned to cease all forms of malnutrition by 2030. Seventeen sub-Saharan African countries and a total weighted sample of 108,161 reproductive women (15-49 years) were included in our study. The data extraction, recoding and analysis were done using STATA V.17. For the spatial analysis (autocorrelation, hot-spot and interpolation), ArcGIS version 10.7 software, and for the SaTScan analysis, SaTScan version 10.1 software was used. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency tables and percentages. We employed multilevel logistic regression to investigate associated factors. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 are considered as a significant factor associated with co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among women aged 15-49 years. RESULTS The overall co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among women in sub-Saharan Africa was 12% (95%CI: 9-14%). The spatial analysis revealed that the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia among women significantly varied across sub-Saharan Africa. (Global Moran's I = 0.583163, p<0.001). In the spatial window, the primary-cluster was located in Liberia, Guinea, Gambia, Sira Leon, Mauritania, Mali, Cameron and Nigeria with a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LRR) of 1687.30, and Relative Risk (RR) of 2.58 at a p-value < 0.001. In multilevel analysis, women aged 25-34 years (AOR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.78, 2.04), women aged 35-49 years (AOR = 2.96, 95% CI: 2.76, 3.17), married (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.46), widowed (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.40), divorced (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.50), media exposure (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.39), middle income (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.28), high income/rich (AOR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.26, 1.46), not working (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.07, 1.19), traditional contraceptive utilization (AOR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.23, 1.58) and no contraceptive use (AOR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.56), and no health insurance coverage (AOR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.25, 1.49), were individual level significant variables. From community-level variables urban residence (AOR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.50, 1.73), lower middle-income country (AOR = 2.50, 95%CI: 2.34, 2.66) and upper middle-income country (AOR = 2.87, 95%CI: 2.47, 3.34), were significantly associated with higher odds of co-occurrence of overweight/ obesity and anemia. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The spatial distribution of the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia was significantly varied across the sub-Saharan African country. Both individual and community-level factors were significantly associated with the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia. Therefore, public health programmers and other stalk holders who are involved in maternal healthcare should work together and give priority to hotspot areas of co-occurrence in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wullo Sisay Sisay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adugnaw Zeleke Alem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Jadaun G, Pathi E, Kharodia S, Pillai D, Sarangi S. Prevalence of Anemia: A Hospital-Based Diagnostic Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S815-S817. [PMID: 38595426 PMCID: PMC11001136 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1031_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of anemia in female patients and its association with age, nutritional status, body mass index, number of children, intra-oral and extra-oral clinical finding. Materials and Methods A total of 1000 participants in various age groups were taken as sample, and a pro forma was used to collect data. Hemoglobin was recorded using Sahli's method and categorized according to WHO. Statistical relation between anemia and age, nutritional status, BMI, marital status, intra-oral signs, and extra-oral signs was recorded. Results A total of 485 out of 1000 patients in total had hemoglobin less than 12 gm%, 247 patients in the age group of 14-30 years, 188 patients in age group of 31-50 years, and 50 patients above 51 years had hemoglobin below 12 gm%; 188 vegetarian patients and 300 in the mixed category had hemoglobin below 12 gm%; 285 patients with BMI less than 18 were anemic; 270 patients without any intra-oral signs, 70 patients with bald tongue, 69 patients with cheilitis, 76 with both bald tongue and cheilitis were anemic; and 140 patients without any extra oral signs and 345 with pallor were anemic. Conclusion The study concluded that these could be a risk factor for anemia in women, and there is a need to develop strategies for health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Jadaun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Esther Pathi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sayeeda Kharodia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepa Pillai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shibani Sarangi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Alshehri AA, Albahli OM, Alturki AM, Alwasaidi TA, Alfaris NF. Correlation of Anemia Due to Poor Iron Status With Obesity at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52424. [PMID: 38371105 PMCID: PMC10870246 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity. Moreover, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in developing countries is the most prevalent type of anemia. This study aims to assess the correlation between anemia related to poor iron status and obesity. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the obesity center in King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia, from April to September 2020. Two hundred and forty participants were needed to be included in the study. The data was gathered by utilizing a designed data collection form. Socio-demographic data, weight and height, questions related to the history of anemia, and gynecological data (for females) were collected. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 28.0. Descriptive statistics were used to present numerical and categorical data and a Chi-square test was conducted to assess the correlation between categorical variables. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Board Committee in King Fahad Medical City. Results The study included 240 participants. Two-thirds of the study population are females (64.6%), 66.7% are married, and 65.8% have obesity. Almost one-half of the study population (46%, N=128) was diagnosed with IDA with malnourishment being the most common reason for IDA (88.2%). The results indicated a correlation between obesity and the prevalence of IDA. The prevalence of IDA among participants with obesity (60.4%) was significantly higher compared to non-obese participants (39.5%), p=0.002. The study found that females and underweight individuals have a higher prevalence of IDA (p<0.001). Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that obesity could be associated with a risk of IDA. In addition, Saudi women could be more prone to IDA than men. Further prospective controlled studies among diverse populations in Saudi Arabia including laboratory assessment of inflammatory markers and iron status are required to better understand the correlation between obesity and IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshehri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Odai M Albahli
- Family Medicine, Saudi Board of Family Medicine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Turki A Alwasaidi
- Internal Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Madinah, SAU
| | - Nasreen F Alfaris
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Suarez-Ortegón MF, Ordoñez-Betancourth JE, Ortega-Ávila JG, Yibby Forero A, Fernández-Real JM. Excess adiposity and iron-deficient status in Colombian women of reproductive age. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:3025-3042. [PMID: 37814827 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information about excess adiposity markers different from BMI and iron status is limited and more so about the shape of these associations. This study evaluated the relationship between three adiposity markers and iron-deficient status in reproductive-age women. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis in 6357 non-pregnant women from the Colombian nutritional health survey (ENSIN) 2010. Exposures were the following: waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (W-HtR), BMI, and WC > 80 cm, W-HtR > 0.5, and BMI ≥ 25 and ≥30. Outcomes were the following: iron deficiency (ID) as serum ferritin <15 μg/L, ID as ferritin <30 μg/L, anemia, and continuous values of ferritin and hemoglobin. Logistic and linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic/inflammation covariates were conducted. RESULTS All the adiposity markers, continuous or categorical, were inversely and significantly associated with both ID thresholds in fully adjusted models (p < 0.05). W-HtR reported stronger effect estimates for ID (odds ratios < 0.5) and for prediction of log-ferritin levels (fully adjusted β-coefficient [95% CI] 0.61 [0.39-0.82], p < 0.01) and was also inversely associated with anemia (p < 0.05). In cubic splines analyses, W-HtR, WC, and BMI were linearly associated with ID from values closer to international thresholds of general or central obesity, and the patterns of WC and BMI tended toward flatness. A significant decline in the likelihood of anemia was steeper by increasing W-HtR than by increasing BMI. After exclusion of women with C reactive protein > 5 mg/L or adjustment for C reactive protein, adiposity markers remained significantly related to ferritin levels and W-HtR with anemia. CONCLUSIONS Women with higher adiposity were less likely to have an iron-deficient status. W-HtR was the strongest and most consistently associated marker. Inflammation would not be involved in the associations found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Fabián Suarez-Ortegón
- Departamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - José Guillermo Ortega-Ávila
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) and Hospital Trueta, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Girona, Spain
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Irache A, Anjorin SS, Caleyachetty R, Gill P. Trends in the Intraindividual Double Burden of Overweight/Obesity and Anemia among Adult Women Living in 33 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Secondary Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000-2019. J Nutr 2023; 153:1111-1121. [PMID: 36796481 PMCID: PMC10196605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in overweight/obesity and anemia among women have been investigated in multiple studies, but the rate at which their coexistence at the individual level has evolved remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to 1) document trends in the magnitude and inequalities of the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia; and 2) compare these with overall trends in overweight/obesity, anemia, and the co-occurrence of anemia with normal weight or underweight. METHODS For this cross-sectional series study, we used 96 Demographic and Health Surveys from 33 countries with available anthropometric and anemia data among nonpregnant adult women (20-49 y old; n = 1,648,308). The primary outcome was defined as the coexistence of overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25kg/m2) and anemia (hemoglobin concentrations <12.0 g/dL) within the same individual. We computed overall and regional trends through multilevel linear regression models and by sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., wealth, education, and residence). Estimates at the country level were calculated through ordinary least square regression models. RESULTS From 2000 to 2019, the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia increased modestly at an annual rate of 0.18 percentage points (95% CI: 0.08, 0.28 percentage points; P < 0.001), ranging from 0.73 percentage points in Jordan to -0.56 percentage points in Peru. This trend occurred in parallel with overall increases in overweight/obesity and reductions in anemia. The co-occurrence of anemia with normal weight or underweight was reducing in all countries, except Burundi, Sierra Leone, Jordan, Bolivia, and Timor-Leste. Stratified analyses yielded an upward trend in the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anemia across all subgroups but particularly in women from the 3 middle wealth groups, no education, and capital city or rural residents. CONCLUSIONS The rising trend in the intraindividual double burden suggests that efforts to reduce anemia among women living with overweight/obesity may need to be revisited to accelerate progress toward the 2025 global nutrition target of halving anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Irache
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | - Seun Stephen Anjorin
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rishi Caleyachetty
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Medical School Building, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), a conglomeration of several conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and dyslipidemia is reaching epidemic proportions. Anemia is caused by iron deficiency or dysregulation of iron homeostasis, leading to tissue hypoxia. Coexistence of anemia and MS or its components has been reported in the literature. The term "rubrometabolic syndrome" acts as a unifying entity linking the importance of blood in health and anemia in MS; it justifies two principles - redness of blood and low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation in MS affects iron metabolism leading to anemia. Tissue hypoxia that results from the anemic condition seems to be a major causative factor for the exacerbation of several microvascular and macrovascular components of T2DM, which include diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular complications. In obesity, anemia leads to malabsorption of micronutrients and can complicate the management of the condition by bariatric surgery. Anemia interferes with the diagnosis and management of T2DM, obesity, dyslipidemia, or hypertension due to its effect on pathological tests as well as medications. Since anemia in MS is multifaceted, the management of anemia is challenging as overcorrection of anemia with erythropoietin-stimulating agents can cause detrimental effects. These limitations necessitate availability of an effective and safe therapy that can maintain and elevate the hemoglobin levels along with maintaining the physiological balance of other systems. This review discusses the physiological links between anemia and MS along with diagnosis and management strategies in patients with coexistence of anemia and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankia Coetzee
- Division of Endocrinology, Stellenbosch University & Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Joel R Saldaña
- Resultados Medicos, Desarrollo e Investigación, SC, Boulevard Valle de San Javier, Pachuca Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gary Kilov
- University of Melbourne, Launceston, Australia
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The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in fifty-two low- and middle-income countries. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1595-1606. [PMID: 34103123 PMCID: PMC9991775 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the magnitude and distribution of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). DESIGN We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys with anthropometric and Hb level measures. Prevalence estimates and 95 % CI of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia were calculated for every country, overall and stratified by household wealth quintile, education level, area of residence and sex (for children only). Regional and overall pooled prevalences were estimated using a random-effects model. We measured gaps, expressed in percentage points, to display inequalities in the distribution of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). SETTING Nationally representative surveys from fifty-two LMIC. PARTICIPANTS Adult women (n 825 769) aged 20-49 years, adolescent girls (n 192 631) aged 15-19 years and children (n 391 963) aged 6-59 months. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia was 12·4 % (95 % CI 11·1, 13·7) among adult women, 4·5 % (95 % CI 4·0, 5·0) among adolescent girls and 3·0 % (95 % CI 2·7, 3·3) among children. Overall, the DBM followed an inverse social gradient, with a higher prevalence among the richest quintile, most educated groups and in urban areas; however, important variations exist. The largest inequality gaps were observed among adult women in Yemen by household wealth (24·0 percentage-points) and in Niger by education level (19·6 percentage-points) and area of residence (11·9 percentage-points). Differences were predominantly significant among adult women, but less among girls and children. CONCLUSIONS Context-specific, multifaceted, responses with an equity lens are needed to reduce all forms of malnutrition.
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Hur HJ, Wu X, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Lee KH, Hong M, Park S, Kim MS. Beneficial Effects of a Low-Glycemic Diet on Serum Metabolites and Gut Microbiota in Obese Women With Prevotella and Bacteriodes Enterotypes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2022; 9:861880. [PMID: 35592630 PMCID: PMC9111978 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized healthy eating patterns may not benefit everyone due to different genetics and enterotypes. We aimed to compare the effects of a low-glycemic diet representing the Korean traditional balanced diet (Low-GID) and westernized diet as a control diet (CD) on anthropometry, serum metabolites, and fecal bacteria in a randomized clinical trial according to enterotypes. We recruited 52 obese women aged 30-50 years, and they consumed Low-GID and CD meals for 1 month, with a 1-month washout period, in a crossover randomized clinical trial. The Low-GID was mainly composed of whole grains with fish, vegetables, seaweeds, and perilla oil, whereas CD contained refined rice, bread, noodles, meats, and processed foods. Serum lipid profiles, metabolomics, serum short-chain fatty acids, and fecal bacteria were analyzed. The important variables influenced by Low-GID and CD were determined by SHAP value in the XGBoost algorithm according to Bacteroides (ET-B) and Prevotella (ET-P). Low-GID and CD interventions did not change the enterotypes, but they modified serum metabolites and some fecal bacterial species differently according to enterotypes. The 10-fold cross-validation of the XGBoost classifier in the ET-P and ET-B clusters was 0.91 ± 0.04 and 0.8 ± 0.07, respectively. In the ET-P cluster, serum L-homocysteine, glutamate, leucine concentrations, and muscle mass were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group, whereas serum 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentration was significantly higher in the Low-GID group than in the CD group (p < 0.05). In fecal bacteria, Gemmiger formicilis, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Escherichia coli were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group. In the ET-B cohort, serum tryptophan and total cholesterol concentrations were higher in the CD group than in the Low-GID group, whereas serum glutathione and 3-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were significantly higher in the Low-GID group than in the CD group (p < 0.05). However, Bifidobacterium longum was higher in CD than Low-GID in the ET-B cluster, but serum butyric acid levels were higher in the Low-GID than in the CD group. In conclusion, Low-GID can be recommended in obese women with both ET-P and ET-B enterotypes, although its efficacy was more effective in ET-P. Clinical Trial Registration [https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/17398], identifier [KCT0005340].
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeng Jeon Hur
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Kyun-Hee Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Moonju Hong
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju, South Korea
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12
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Nainggolan O, Hapsari D, Titaley CR, Indrawati L, Dharmayanti I, Kristanto AY. The relationship of body mass index and mid-upper arm circumference with anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19-49 years in Indonesia: Analysis of 2018 Basic Health Research data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264685. [PMID: 35239719 PMCID: PMC8893704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Anemia remains a major public health problem worldwide. This study examined the relationship between anemia and the nutritional status of non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years in Indonesia. Methods and study design The data were derived from the 2018 Basic Health Research Data of Indonesia. We used information from 11,471 non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years. The dependent variable was anemia (hemoglobin level <12 g/dL). The independent variable was women’s nutritional status, a combined indicator of body mass index (BMI) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Our analysis controlled for women’s age, education, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and the presence of communicable or non-communicable diseases. We performed logistic regression analyses. Results The prevalence of anemia in non-pregnant women aged 19–49 years was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4–23.3). Women with overweight and obesity were less likely to develop anemia than those with a normal BMI, regardless of their MUAC score. The highest odds for developing anemia were observed in underweight women with low MUAC scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.83, 95%CI: 2.19–3.68). Higher odds ratios were also observed in women with insufficient physical activity, despite their sufficient consumption of fruits or vegetables (aOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.28). However, women who had been diagnosed with a non-communicable disease had a reduced likelihood of developing anemia (aOR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.67–0.83). Conclusions Strengthening health promotion activities to improve nutritional status and healthy behaviors, particularly a healthy diet, remains important for women in Indonesia to reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve their overall health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olwin Nainggolan
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Hapsari
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Lely Indrawati
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dharmayanti
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Antonius Yudi Kristanto
- Centre for Research and Development of Public Health Efforts, National Institute Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Mendez-Dominguez N, Alvarez-Baeza A, Estrella-Castillo D, Lugo R, Villasuso-Alcocer V, Azcorra H. Ethnic and sociodemographic correlates of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan, Mexico. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23724. [PMID: 35092106 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an insight of the incidence of congenital developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from Yucatan born between 2015 and 2019 and analyze its association with maternal sociodemographic characteristics and neonatal, pregnancy and delivery related aspects. METHODS Retrospective, population-based study from Birth Registries database in Yucatan, Mexico between 2015 and 2019. Presence of hip dysplasia was described and analyzed considering three aspects (I) Maternal information (II) Pregnancy and birth (III) Neonatal examination. We obtained incidence rates from each year and the complete studied period. Association between hip dysplasia and maternal, neonatal and pregnancy/delivery variables was analyzed using logistic regression, unadjusted odds ratio and an adjusted model. RESULTS Hip dysplasia occurred in 13 per 10 000 live births. Significant associations were found between hip dysplasia and maternal place of residence in a city <50 000 inhabitants, without a local clinic. Propensity to give birth to a neonate with hip dysplasia increased with maternal age and ethnicity, in female newborns and when total number of pregnancy consultations summed <5. Newborns with hip dysplasia were heavier and less susceptible to be delivered vaginally. Congenital developmental hip dysplasia was comparatively more frequent among offspring of Mayan women and suboptimal access to medical care during pregnancy. Female neonates were affected the most, those first-borns. Neonates with hip dysplasia were heavier and more susceptible to be born by cesarean section. CONCLUSION Maternal, neonatal, and perinatal factors are associated with DDH in Yucatecan infants born during 2015-2019. Factors that describe living conditions seems to have a more important effect on the presence of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mendez-Dominguez
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, 7 # 433 x 20 & 22 Fracc. Altabrisa, Merida, Yucatan, 97130, Mexico
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Baeza
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, 7 # 433 x 20 & 22 Fracc. Altabrisa, Merida, Yucatan, 97130, Mexico.,School of Medicine, Universidad Marista de Merida, Periférico Norte; Tablaje catastral 13941. Carretera Mérida-Progreso, Merida, Yucatan, 97300, Mexico
| | - Damaris Estrella-Castillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A Col. Centro, Merida, Yucatan, 97000, Mexico
| | - Roberto Lugo
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, 7 # 433 x 20 & 22 Fracc. Altabrisa, Merida, Yucatan, 97130, Mexico
| | - Víctor Villasuso-Alcocer
- Subdirección de Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, 7 # 433 x 20 & 22 Fracc. Altabrisa, Merida, Yucatan, 97130, Mexico.,School of Medicine, Universidad Marista de Merida, Periférico Norte; Tablaje catastral 13941. Carretera Mérida-Progreso, Merida, Yucatan, 97300, Mexico.,Scholar at Direccion General de Calidad y Educacion en Salud, Secretaria de Salud, Av. Marina Nacional 60, Torre B, piso 8 Col. Tacuba, D.T. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11410, Mexico
| | - Hugo Azcorra
- Centro de Investigaciones Silvio Zavala, Universidad Modelo, Carretera a Cholul, 200 mts. después del periférico, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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14
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Dorsey A, Thompson AL. Child, caretaker, and community: Testing predictors of anemia and response to iron supplementation in Peruvian preschool-aged children. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 33:e23538. [PMID: 33200848 PMCID: PMC8126576 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite repeated governmental and nongovernmental interventions, anemia remains a widespread public health concern in Peru. This article examines nutritional and disease factors associated with the prevalence of anemia and response to iron supplementation in Peruvian children, with the aim of understanding the lack of success of national programs. METHODS Data come from children, aged 2-5 years (n = 102), living in peri-urban Lima. Predictors of anemia and response to iron supplementation were explored at the individual, maternal, household, and environmental levels using logistic regression models, adjusted for clustering by household. RESULTS Half of the children in this sample were anemic and 50% of the anemic children responded to iron supplementation. We identified several factors that were associated with child anemia status and response to iron supplementation. Lower weight-for-age z-scores and the winter season were strong predictors of child anemia status and nonresponse to iron supplementation. Living with paternal grandparents was protective against anemia and elevated C-reactive protein at the time of the final interview was associated with a lack of response to iron supplementation. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study document an association between children's anemia status and their nutritional and ecological environment, highlighting the importance of examining anemia within a specific context to better understand the factors driving this important health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah Dorsey
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Amanda L. Thompson
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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15
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Kamruzzaman M. Is BMI associated with anemia and hemoglobin level of women and children in Bangladesh: A study with multiple statistical approaches. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259116. [PMID: 34710186 PMCID: PMC8553127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coexistence of undernutrition and obesity is an emerging problem for developing countries like Bangladesh. Anemia is another critical public health threat, prevalent predominantly among women and children. Undernutrition is linked with a higher risk of anemia, and lower dietary iron intake might be the possible reason. However, the risk of anemia among obese/overweight individuals is controversial. The study explores the relation of BMI with anemia and blood hemoglobin level among women and children in Bangladesh. Methods Multiple statistical approaches were employed to nationally representative secondary data (BDHS 2011) on women (n = 5680) age 15–49 years and children (n = 2373) age 6–59 months to illuminate the relation between BMI and anemia. BMI was categorized according to the WHO recommended BMI category for Asian people. Descriptive statistics were used to measure mean hemoglobin level. Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, Two-way ANOVA, binary, ordinal, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression were used to study the association of BMI with anemia and hemoglobin level. Results Chi-square test reveals significant association, though not intense, among BMI and anemia categories of women (15–49 years) (χ2 ≥99, p<2.2e-16 and Cramér’s V = 0.0799–0.1357). From ANOVA analysis, a significant difference in blood hemoglobin level was found among women (total sample and nonpregnant) with different BMI categories (p≤0.05). Binary (Severely Underweight: OR 1.2680, 95% CI 0.755–2.161; Obese: OR 0.4038, 95% CI 0.120–1.177), Ordinal logistic regression (Severely Underweight: OR 1.337, 95% CI 0.842–2.115; Obese: OR 0.504, 95% CI 0.153–1.411) and restricted cubic spline regression (Severely Underweight: OR >1.5; Obese: OR ~0.5) reveal that the risk of anemia was higher among underweight and lower among obese/overweight women compared to normal women. Lower anemia risk among richest women indicates probable higher dietary iron intake among obese/overweight women. Conclusion In the current study, women with overweight/obesity from Bangladesh were shown to have lower likelihood of being anemic, while underweight women more likely to be anemic. However, no relation between BMI and anemia was found among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamruzzaman
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: ,
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16
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Alshwaiyat NM, Ahmad A, Wan Hassan WMR, Al-Jamal HAN. Association between obesity and iron deficiency (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1268. [PMID: 34594405 PMCID: PMC8456489 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several comorbidities and complications, including iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is a serious global public health problem, with a worldwide prevalence. The high prevalence of obesity in combination with iron deficiency incidence observed in different age and sex categories suggests an association between obesity and iron status. Obesity may disrupt iron homeostasis, resulting in iron deficiency anemia. The association between obesity and iron deficiency may be due to increased hepcidin levels mediated by chronic inflammation. Hepcidin is a small peptide hormone that functions as a negative regulator of intestinal iron absorption. Significant body weight loss in overweight and obese individuals decreases chronic inflammation and serum hepcidin levels, resulting in improved iron status due to increased iron absorption. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to confirm this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Mohammad Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Aryati Ahmad
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Wan Mohd Razin Wan Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
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17
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Sun Y, Shen ZZ, Huang FL, Jiang Y, Wang YW, Zhang SH, Ma S, Liu JT, Zhan YL, Lin H, Chen YL, Shi YJ, Ma LK. Association of gestational anemia with pregnancy conditions and outcomes: A nested case-control study. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8008-8019. [PMID: 34621857 PMCID: PMC8462208 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i27.8008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational anemia is a serious public health problem that affects pregnant women worldwide. Pregnancy conditions and outcomes might be associated with the presence of gestational anemia. This study investigated the association of pregnancy characteristics with anemia, exploring the potential etiology of the disease.
AIM To assess the association of pregnancy parameters with gestational anemia.
METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted based on the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study-Peking Union Medical College Project (CPWCS-PUMC). A total of 3172 women were included. Patient characteristics and gestational anemia occurrence were extracted, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of pregnancy parameters with gestational anemia.
RESULTS Among the 3172 women, 14.0% were anemic, 46.4% were 25-30 years of age, 21.9% resided in eastern, 15.7% in middle, 12.4% in western 18.0% in southern and 32.0% in northern regions of China. Most women (65.0%) had a normal prepregnancy body mass index. Multivariable analysis found that the occurrence of gestational anemia was lower in the middle and western regions than that in the eastern region [odds ratio (OR) = 0.406, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.309-0.533, P < 0.001)], higher in the northern than in the southern region (OR = 7.169, 95%CI: 5.139-10.003, P < 0.001), lower in full-term than in premature births (OR = 0.491, 95%CI: 0.316-0.763, P = 0.002), and higher in cases with premature membrane rupture (OR=1.404, 95%CI: 1.051-1.876, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSION Gestational anemia continues to be a health problem in China, and geographical factors may contribute to the situation. Premature birth and premature membrane rupture may be associated with gestational anemia. Therefore, we should vigorously promote local policy reformation to adapt to the demographic characteristics of at-risk pregnant women, which would potentially reduce the occurrence of gestational anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhong-Zhou Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fei-Ling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Su-Han Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yong-Le Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yun-Li Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Jie Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang-Kun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing 100730, China
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YAKAR B, KARAKAYA G, ÖNALAN E, PİRİNÇCİ E, DÖNDER E. Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.704971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Dorsey AF, Penny ME, Thompson AL. Adiposity and pathogen exposure: An investigation of response to iron supplementation and hypothesized predictors in anemic pre-school-aged children living in a dual burden environment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:54-65. [PMID: 33852740 PMCID: PMC8376780 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peruvians are experiencing rapid dietary and lifestyle changes, resulting in a phenomenon known as the "dual burden of disease." A common manifestation of the dual burden in individuals is the co-occurrence of overweight and anemia. Despite recent initiatives introduced to address these concerns, rates continue to be public health concerns. This study investigates the relationship between immune activation and lack of response to iron supplementation after 1 month of treatment and explores variation in body fat stores as a potential moderator between immune function and response to treatment. METHODS Data come from children, aged 2-5 years (n = 50) from a peri-urban community in Lima, Peru. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between response to treatment (Hb > =11.0 g/dl) after 1 month of treatment), markers of immune activation (C-reactive protein [CRP] and reported morbidity symptoms), and measures of body fat (waist-to-height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, and body mass index [BMI]). RESULTS We found that high CRP is associated with a lack of response to iron supplementation after 1 month of treatment and that BMI z-score may moderate this association. Generally, larger body size is associated with response to iron supplementation whether or not the children in this sample have high immune activation. However, the probability of anemic children responding to iron supplementation treatment differed across adiposity measures. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggesting that adiposity and CRP influence response to iron supplementation, furthers our understanding of the relationship between inflammation and anemia treatment in children and has both theoretical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah F Dorsey
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Kumar P, Sharma H, Sinha D. Socio-economic inequality in anaemia among men in India: a study based on cross-sectional data. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1345. [PMID: 34233633 PMCID: PMC8265140 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition is a serious matter of public health concern in India. Existing studies, policies and programs focus on women and children thereby ignoring men in policymaking. This study examines the socio-economic inequality in anaemia levels among men in India and tries to decompose the factors behind it. METHODS The fourth round of National Family Health Survey is used to fulfill the study objectives. The outcome variable of the study is men having anaemia or not. The study uses bivariate and multivariate techniques to identify the factors associated with the outcome variable. Further, concentration index and concentration curve are calculated to measure the socio-economic inequality in anaemia among men in India. RESULTS The results indicate that majority of the socio-economic related inequality is explained by wealth quintile followed by geographical regions of India, body mass index and educational attainment. The results also emphasize that older men belong to the high-risk groups. Moreover, the likelihood of anaemia is 40% more likely among men who belonged to East region and 25%, 13% and 7 % less likely among those who belonged to Northeast, West and South region compared to those who belonged in the North region of the country. CONCLUSION Existing policies on anaemia should include men to achieve an anaemia free India. Individual education and awareness should be encouraged to improve nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Himani Sharma
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Debashree Sinha
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
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21
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Sales CH, Rogero MM, Sarti FM, Fisberg RM. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency and Anemia among Residents of Urban Areas of São Paulo, Brazil. Nutrients 2021; 13:1888. [PMID: 34072813 PMCID: PMC8226555 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a worldwide concern. This cross-sectional population-based study examined the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) among residents of São Paulo (n = 898; 12-93 years), considering sociodemographic factors, dietary iron inadequacy, and food contributors to iron intake. Blood cell count and iron biomarkers were quantified. Dietary iron intake was measured using two 24-h dietary recalls. Iron intake inadequacy was estimated using a probabilistic approach. The prevalence of anemia was 6.7%, depleted iron stores 5.1%, and IDA 1.1%. Women of all age groups, older adults, and those who were underweight or obese had the highest prevalence of anemia, and female adolescents had the highest prevalence of depleted iron stores. Female adolescents and adults were more vulnerable to depleted iron stores. Male adults and older adults had a considerable prevalence of iron overload. Except for female adolescents and adults, all groups had mild probabilities of inadequate iron intake. The main food iron contributor was wheat flour. Hemoglobin concentrations were directly associated with being an adult, having a higher income, and inversely associated with being female. Serum ferritin concentrations were directly associated with age and inversely correlated with female sex. Residents of São Paulo had a low prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and IDA, and sociodemographic factors interfered with these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Hermes Sales
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.M.R.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.M.R.); (R.M.F.)
| | - Flávia Mori Sarti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil;
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.M.R.); (R.M.F.)
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Kerkadi A, Mohsen Ali R, A. H. Shehada A, Abdelnasser AbouHassanein E, Moawad J, Bawadi H, Shi Z. Association between central obesity indices and iron status indicators among Qatari adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250759. [PMID: 33914792 PMCID: PMC8084168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-existence of iron deficiency and obesity in adults has been reported in many countries. However, little is known on the association between obesity and iron deficiency in Qatar. This study aimed to investigate the link between abdominal obesity indices and iron status among adults in Qatar. A random sample of 1000 healthy Qatari adults, aged 20-50 years, was obtained from Qatar Biobank study. Body weight, waist circumference, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters and iron status indicators were measured using standard techniques. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations. The prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia were 35.4 and 25%, respectively. Of the participants with a large waist circumference, 31.7% had anaemia. Ferritin significantly increased with the increase in the android fat to gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat in both genders. Serum iron and transferring saturation decreased significantly with the increase in waist circumference in women. In both genders, C-reactive protein increased with the increase in all obesity indices. Standardized values of waist circumference, android fat, gynoid fat ratio and visceral fat were significantly associated with log transformed ferritin in men and women. Waist circumference was inversely related to serum iron (β:-0.95, 95% CI:-1.50,-0.39) and transferrin saturation (β:-1.45, 95%CI:-2.46, -0.43) in women. In men, waist circumference was positively associated with haemoglobin level (β: 0.16, 95% CI:0.04, 0.29). Central obesity coexists with anaemia among the study population. Elevated central obesity indices were associated with an increase in ferritin concentration. The increased ferritin concentration may be attributed to the increase in inflammatory status as a result of an increase in c-reactive protein concentration associated with central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Kerkadi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reem Mohsen Ali
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaa A. H. Shehada
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Joyce Moawad
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, Qu-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Zhang YX, Chen J, Liu XH. Profiles of anemia among school-aged children categorized by body mass index and waist circumference in Shandong, China. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62:165-171. [PMID: 33485821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide. The connection between iron deficiency and obesity has received much research interest. The present study examined the profiles of anemia among school-aged children categorized by obesity-related index in Shandong, China. METHODS A total of 20,172 children aged 7, 9, 12, and 14 years participated in the study, whose hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured by laboratory technicians. The prevalence rates of anemia among children within each subgroup categorized by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were determined. RESULTS On the whole, 3.99% of boys and 6.68% of girls suffer from anemia. Disparities in the prevalence of anemia were observed between different subgroups categorized by BMI, WC and WHtR. For both boys and girls, the prevalence of anemia increased with the severity of thinness and obesity, suggesting that both severe thinness and severe obesity are associated with an elevated prevalence of anemia. CONCLUSION In the era of the obesity pandemic, obesity could potentially add to the burden of anemia, suggesting that obese children should not be ignored when establishing strategies targeted at preventing anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong University Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shandong, China
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24
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Islam GMR. Inequality, chronic undernutrition, maternity, and diabetes mellitus as the determinant of anemia among ever-married women in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:310. [PMID: 33549086 PMCID: PMC7866870 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is a public health concern at a global level. This study aims to delineate the association between household economic inequalities, and anemia among reproductive age group women in Bangladesh, along with other confounders. METHODS A cross-sectional population sample from Bangladesh Demographic and health survey data comprising of 5920 reproductive age group women aged between 15 and 49 years was used in this study. The analyses were performed through the application of proportional odds into four models (viz., Model:1 socio-economic, Model:2 socio-demographic factors, Model 3: diabetics and maternity statis, Model 4: nutritional status.) RESULTS: The respondents from low and medium socioeconomic status (SES) households vs. richest households were 1.90 (95% CI, 1.65,2.17; p < .01) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.12,1.78; p < .01) times more likely to suffer from anemia (Model 1). From the model 2 it appears that he likelihood of being anemic reduces for the low and medium SES groups vs. high SES group when sociodemographic variables are added (OR, 1.69, 95% CI, 1.43,1.99 and OR, 1.35, 95% CI, .07,1.70; p < 0.01, respectively). Model 3 evident that after adding the variables of diabetes and maternity status, the association between having anemia belonging to low and medium SES vs. high SES becomes weaker (OR1.36, 95% CI,0.85,2.15 and OR, 1.15, 95% CI, 0.6,2.19; p > .05, respectively). Moreover, the strength of the association between anemia and the subjects with pregnant vs. the subjects without these (OR: 1.7 (1.12, 4.02; p < 0.05) 1.47(0.11,3.399; p < 0.05) conditions was reduced after factoring body mass index (BMI, model 4). Besides, thin women (MBI < 18.50 Kg/m2) shows significantly become more likely to be anemic in comparison to women of normal BMI (OR:1.34, .92,1.96; p < 0.05) (model 4). CONCLUSIONS BMI, pregnancy, and diabetes mellitus were observed to be significantly associated with anemia, and the strength of the association was low with anemia and socioeconomic inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Rabiul Islam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
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Alkazemi D, Rahman A, Habra B. Alterations in glutathione redox homeostasis among adolescents with obesity and anemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3034. [PMID: 33542364 PMCID: PMC7862436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduced (GSH)-to-oxidized (GSSG) glutathione ratio represents a dynamic balance between oxidants and antioxidants. However, redox status in adolescents with obesity and anemia has not been investigated. This study investigated the association of erythrocyte GSH redox status (GSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity) with anemia and adiposity in adolescents. This case–control study nested in a cross-sectional study enrolled 524 adolescents (268 boys; 256 girls). The prevalence of anemia in overweight and obesity (OWOB) was 5.2% in boys and 11.7% in girls. The GSH:GSSG ratio and GPx activity were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001), in anemic than in non-anemic subjects (p < 0.001), and in OWOB than in normal-weight subjects (p < 0.001). Similarly, significantly higher GSH: GSSG level (p < 0.001) and GPx activity (p < 0.001) were found in subjects with 90th percentile waist circumference than in those with < 90th percentile. GPx and GSH:GSSG were positively associated with anemia after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio, adjOR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.18 [1.44–3.29]) or tertiles (adjOR [95% CI], T3 = 2.49 [1.03–6.01]). A similar association was noted for GSH and GPx. A compensatory increased redox defense mechanism exists in anemia and obesity among adolescents without metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Alkazemi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, AlShadadiyah, Kuwait.
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, AlShadadiyah, Kuwait
| | - Banan Habra
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, AlShadadiyah, Kuwait
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26
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Kim TG, Lee SH, Shin S, Cho JH, Kim KW, Ha IH. Sex-related associations among anemia, body mass index, and kidney function in Koreans: A cross-sectional study with propensity analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23990. [PMID: 33530196 PMCID: PMC7850755 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between anemia and body mass index (BMI) in Koreans, considering kidney function, has not been clarified. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between anemia and BMI among Korean adults aged ≥19 years.This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated male and female Korean adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 5th, 6th, and 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted between 2010 and 2017 were used. The participants were classified as underweight, normal weight, and overweight according to their BMI. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels of <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women according to the World Health Organization standards. Kidney function was evaluated according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), with abnormal kidney function in men defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Clinicodemographic variables were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for weight. After propensity score matching (PSM), 6596 study participants were divided into 2 groups of 3298 participants each. Additionally, subgroup analysis by sex and kidney function was performed.On PSM, similar distribution patterns were obtained between the anemia and non-anemia groups; significant differences in BMI; kidney function; level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum creatinine; iron intake; and eGFR were also observed between these groups. Anemia and BMI showed a significant association in both crude and adjusted logistic regression models. In model 2, which was adjusted for age, sex, education level, household income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and exercise period, underweight men with abnormal kidney function showed a significantly higher risk of anemia than did normal weight men (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-8.57; P = .016). Meanwhile, overweight men showed a significantly lower risk of anemia than did normal weight men (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33-0.70, P < .001).Anemia is associated with BMI according to sex. Compared with normal weight men, underweight men with abnormal kidney function had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia after adjusting for kidney function and sex, thus highlighting their need for careful management for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sook-Hyun Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
| | - Jae-Heung Cho
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koh-Woon Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation
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27
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Rhodes EC, Suchdev PS, Narayan KMV, Cunningham S, Weber MB, Tripp K, Mapango C, Ramakrishnan U, Hennink M, Williams AM. The Co-Occurrence of Overweight and Micronutrient Deficiencies or Anemia among Women of Reproductive Age in Malawi. J Nutr 2020; 150:1554-1565. [PMID: 32271925 PMCID: PMC7269723 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals. OBJECTIVE We described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors. METHODS We analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey. DBM was defined as co-occurring overweight or obesity (OWOB) and ≥1 micronutrient deficiency or anemia. We used Poisson regression models to examine the association between urban residence and DBM and its components. The Rao-Scott modified chi-square test compared the observed and expected DBM prevalence. RESULTS Nationally, 10.8% (95% CI: 7.0, 14.5) of women had co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.3, 5.5) had co-occurring OWOB and anemia. The prevalence of co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was 2 times higher among urban women than rural women [urban 32.6 (24.1, 41.2) compared with rural 8.6 (5.2, 11.9), adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.0 (1.1, 3.5)]. Co-occurring OWOB and anemia prevalence did not significantly differ by residence [urban 6.9 (0.6, 13.2) compared with rural 3.0 (0.8, 5.3)]. There were no statistically significant differences in observed and expected prevalence estimates of DBM. CONCLUSIONS This analysis shows that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was higher among women in urban Malawi compared with rural areas. However, our finding that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency or anemia may be due to chance suggests that there may not be common causes driving DBM in Malawian women. Thus, there may not be a need to design and target interventions specifically for women with DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Rhodes
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Address correspondence to ECR (e-mail: )
| | - Parminder S Suchdev
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA,CDC, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Solveig Cunningham
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Weber
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie Tripp
- CDC, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monique Hennink
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne M Williams
- Emory University, Laney Graduate School, Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Atlanta, GA, USA,CDC, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Knoblauch AM, Farnham A, Zabré HR, Owuor M, Archer C, Nduna K, Chisanga M, Zulu L, Musunka G, Utzinger J, Divall MJ, Fink G, Winkler MS. Community Health Impacts of the Trident Copper Mine Project in Northwestern Zambia: Results from Repeated Cross-Sectional Surveys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3633. [PMID: 32455773 PMCID: PMC7277077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of a health impact assessment (HIA) for a large-scale copper mining project in rural Zambia triggered the long-term monitoring and evaluation of determinants of health and health outcomes in communities living in proximity to the mine. Three consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted at intervals of four years; thus, at baseline (2011), four (2015) and eight (2019) years into the project's development. Using the same field and laboratory procedures, the surveys allowed for determining changes in health indicators at the household level, in young children (<5 years), school attendees (9-14 years) and women (15-49 years). Results were compared between communities considered impacted by the project and communities outside the project area (comparison communities). The prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection increased in both the impacted and comparison communities between 2011 and 2019 but remained consistently lower in the impacted communities. Stunting in children < 5 years and the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in children aged 9-14 years mostly decreased. In women of reproductive age, selected health indicators (i.e., anaemia, syphilis, underweight and place of delivery) either remained stable or improved. Impacted communities generally showed better health outcomes than comparison communities, suggesting that the health interventions implemented by the project as a consequence of the HIA have mitigated potential negative effects and enhanced positive effects. Caution is indicated to avoid promotion of health inequalities within and beyond the project area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M. Knoblauch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Farnham
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hyacinthe R. Zabré
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Milka Owuor
- Shape Consulting, P.O. Box 602, St Peter Port GY1, Guernsey, UK; (M.O.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Colleen Archer
- Pollution Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041 Durban, South Africa;
| | | | - Marcus Chisanga
- First Quantum Minerals Limited, Lusaka, Zambia; (M.C.); (G.M.)
| | | | | | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark J. Divall
- Shape Consulting, P.O. Box 602, St Peter Port GY1, Guernsey, UK; (M.O.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S. Winkler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.F.); (H.R.Z.); (J.U.); (G.F.); (M.S.W.)
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Little M, Humphries S, Dodd W, Patel K, Dewey C. Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:675. [PMID: 32404080 PMCID: PMC7218837 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The double burden of malnutrition is the co-occurrence of undernutrition (e.g. underweight, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies) and over-nutrition (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) at the population, household, or individual level. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent and determinants of individual-level co-morbid anemia and overweight and co-morbid anemia and diabetes in a population in rural Tamil Nadu, South India. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional study of adults (n = 753) in a rural region of Tamil Nadu, South India. A survey assessed socio-demographic factors, physical activity levels, and dietary intake. Clinical measurements included body-mass index, an oral glucose tolerance test, and blood hemoglobin assessments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between risk factors and two co-morbid double burden pairings: (1) anemia and overweight, and (2) anemia and diabetes. RESULTS Prevalence of co-morbid anemia and overweight was 23.1% among women and 13.1% among men. Prevalence of co-morbid anemia and diabetes was 6.2% among women and 6.3% among men. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and overweight in multivariable models [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)]: female sex [2.3 (1.4, 3.85)], high caste [3.2 (1.34, 7.49)], wealth index [1.1 (1.00, 1.12)], rurality (0.7 [0.56, 0.85]), tobacco consumption [0.6 (0.32, 0.96)], livestock ownership [0.5 (0.29, 0.89)], and energy-adjusted meat intake [1.8 (0.61, 0.94)]. The following variables were associated with co-morbid anemia and diabetes in multivariable models: age [1.1 (1.05, 1.11)], rurality [0.8 (0.57, 0.98)], and family history of diabetes [4.9 (1.86, 12.70). CONCLUSION This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with individual-level double burden of malnutrition. Women in rural regions of India may be particularly vulnerable to individual-level double burden of malnutrition and should be a target population for any nutrition interventions to address simultaneous over- and undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Little
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Sally Humphries
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Dodd
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kirit Patel
- Department of International Development Studies, Menno Simons College, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Cate Dewey
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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30
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Ghattas H, Acharya Y, Jamaluddine Z, Assi M, El Asmar K, Jones AD. Child-level double burden of malnutrition in the MENA and LAC regions: Prevalence and social determinants. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 16:e12923. [PMID: 31828957 PMCID: PMC7083402 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased in the low‐ and middle‐income countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) regions, child undernutrition remains a public‐health challenge. We examined region‐specific sociodemographic determinants of this double burden of malnutrition, specifically, the co‐occurrence of child stunting and overweight, using Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data (2003–2016) from 11 countries in the MENA (n = 118,585) and 13 countries in the LAC (n = 77,824) regions. We used multiple logistic regressions to model region‐specific associations of maternal education and household wealth with child nutritional outcomes (6–59 months). The prevalence of stunting, overweight, and their co‐occurrence was 24%, 10%, and 4.3% in children in the MENA region, respectively, and 19%, 5%, and 0.5% in children in the LAC region, respectively. In both regions, higher maternal education and household wealth were significantly associated with lower odds of stunting and higher odds of overweight. As compared with the poorest wealth quintiles, decreased odds of co‐occurring stunting and overweight were observed among children from the second, third, and fourth wealth quintiles in the LAC region. In the MENA region, this association was only statistically significant for the second wealth quintile. In both regions, double burden was not statistically significantly associated with maternal education. The social patterning of co‐occurring stunting and overweight in children varied across the two regions, indicating potential differences in the underlying aetiology of the double burden across regions and stages of the nutrition transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Ghattas
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yubraj Acharya
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
| | - Zeina Jamaluddine
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moubadda Assi
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andrew D Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Knoblauch AM, Divall MJ, Owuor M, Musunka G, Pascall A, Nduna K, Ng'uni H, Utzinger J, Winkler MS. Selected indicators and determinants of women's health in the vicinity of a copper mine development in northwestern Zambia. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:62. [PMID: 29716578 PMCID: PMC5930803 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Large projects in the extractive industry sector can affect people’s health and wellbeing. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), women’s health is of particular concern in such contexts due to potential educational and economic disadvantages, vulnerability to transactional sex and unsafe sex practices. At the same time, community health interventions and development initiatives present opportunities for women's and maternal health. Methods Within the frame of the health impact assessment (HIA) of the Trident copper mining project in Zambia, two health surveys were conducted (baseline in 2011 and follow-up in 2015) in order to monitor health and health-related indicators. Emphasis was placed on women residing in the mining area and, for comparison, in settings not impacted by the project. Results All measured indicators improved over time, regardless of whether communities were affected by the project or not. Additionally, the percentage of mothers giving birth in a health facility, the percentage of women who acknowledge that HIV cannot be transmitted by witchcraft or other supernatural means and the percentage of women having ever tested for HIV showed a significant increase in the impacted sites but not in the comparison communities. In 2015, better health, behavioural and knowledge outcomes in women were associated with employment by the project (or a sub-contractor thereof), migration background, increased wealth and higher educational attainment. Conclusions Our study reveals that natural resource development projects can positively impact women’s health, particularly if health risks are adequately anticipated and managed. Hence, the conduct of a comprehensive HIA should be a requirement at the feasibility stage of any large infrastructure project, particularly in LMICs. Continued monitoring of health outcomes and wider determinants of health after the initial assessment is crucial to judge the project’s influence on health and for reducing inequalities over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12905-018-0547-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Knoblauch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark J Divall
- SHAPE Consulting Ltd, St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, Guernsey
| | - Milka Owuor
- SHAPE Consulting Ltd, St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, Guernsey
| | | | | | - Kennedy Nduna
- Solwezi District Health Management Team, Solwezi, Zambia
| | | | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirko S Winkler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Jones AD, Acharya Y, Galway LP. Urbanicity Gradients Are Associated with the Household- and Individual-Level Double Burden of Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa. J Nutr 2016; 146:1257-67. [PMID: 27170726 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutrition transition is advancing throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the nutritional risk across urbanicity gradients associated with this transition is not clear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine 1) the extent to which overweight and anemia in women of childbearing age (WCBA) and stunting in preschool-age children (PSC) are spatially correlated within countries of SSA; and 2) the association of urbanicity with the individual-level nutritional double burden (i.e., concurrent overweight and anemia within an individual WCBA), the household-level double burden (i.e., overweight WCBA and stunted PSC in the same household), and the 3 components of these double burdens (i.e., overweight, anemia, and stunting). METHODS We used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data for 30 countries in SSA from 2006-2012. We calculated overweight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) ≥25] and anemia (hemoglobin concentration <120 g/L) in WCBA, and stunting in PSC aged 12-59 mo (height-for-age z score <-2). We used population density, measured using a high-resolution population distribution dataset, to define gradients of urbanicity. We used geolocated DHS data to calculate cluster-level mean population densities and the Moran's I statistic to assess spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS Cluster-level BMI values and hemoglobin concentrations for WCBA were spatially correlated. The odds of overweight in WCBA were higher in periurban and urban areas than in rural areas (periurban, OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16; urban, OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.36), as were the odds of stunting in PSC in periurban areas (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.22). The odds of both double burden conditions were higher in periurban and urban areas than in rural areas (individual-level-periurban, OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.33; urban, OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.61; household-level-periurban, OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.44; urban, OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46). CONCLUSION Urban and periurban areas in SSA may be particularly vulnerable to the nutritional double burden compared with rural areas. Clearly differentiating urban environments is important for assessing changing patterns of nutritional risk associated with the nutrition transition in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yubraj Acharya
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Lindsay P Galway
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
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Gender inequalities in excess adiposity and anaemia combine in a large double burden of malnutrition gap detrimental to women in an urban area in North Africa. Public Health Nutr 2016; 19:1428-37. [PMID: 27049694 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nutrition transition has exacerbated the gender gap in health in the Middle East and North Africa region as the increase in excess adiposity has been much higher among women than men. This is not exclusive of the persistence of anaemia, generally also more prevalent among women. We assessed the magnitude and sociodemographic factors associated with gender inequality vis-à-vis the double burden of excess adiposity and anaemia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, stratified two-stage cluster sample. BMI (=weight/height2) ≥25·0 kg/m2 defined overweight and BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 obesity. Anaemia was defined as Hb <120 g/l for women, <130 g/l for men. Gender inequalities vis-à-vis the within-subject coexistence of excess adiposity and anaemia were assessed by women v. men relative prevalence ratios (RPR). Their variation with sociodemographic characteristics used models including gender × covariate interactions. SETTING Greater Tunis area in 2009-2010. SUBJECTS Adults aged 20-49 years (women, n 1689; men, n 930). RESULTS Gender inequalities in excess adiposity were high (e.g. overweight: women 64·9 % v. men 48·4 %; RPR=2·1; 95 % CI 1·6, 2·7) and much higher for anaemia (women 38·0 % v. men 7·2 %; RPR=8·2; 95 % CI 5·5, 12·4). They were striking for overweight and anaemia (women 24·1 % v. men 3·4 %; RPR=16·2; 95 % CI 10·3, 25·4). Gender inequalities in overweight adjusted for covariates increased with age but decreased with professional activity and household wealth score; gender inequality in anaemia or overweight and anaemia was more uniformly distributed. CONCLUSIONS Women were much more at risk than men, from both over- and undernutrition perspectives. Both the underlying gender-related and sex-linked biological determinants of this remarkable double burden of malnutrition inequality must be addressed to promote gender equity in health.
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Xu X, Hall J, Byles J, Shi Z. Dietary pattern, serum magnesium, ferritin, C-reactive protein and anaemia among older people. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:444-451. [PMID: 26775754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiological data of dietary patterns and anaemia among older Chinese remains extremely scarce. We examined the association between dietary patterns and anaemia in older Chinese, and to assess whether biomarkers of serum magnesium, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum ferritin can mediate these associations. METHODS We analysed the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey data (2401 individuals aged ≥60 years for whom both dietary and biomarker data are available). Dietary data was obtained using 24 h-recall over three consecutive days. Fasting blood samples and anthropometry measurement were also collected. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Factor scores representing dietary patterns were used in Poisson regression models to explore the association between each dietary pattern and anaemia. RESULTS Of the 2401 participants, 18.9% had anaemia, 1.9% had anaemia related to inflammation (AI), and 1.3% had iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA). A traditional dietary pattern (high intake of rice, pork and vegetables) was positively associated with anaemia; a modern dietary pattern (high intake of fruit and fast food) was inversely associated with anaemia. Progressively lower magnesium and BMI levels were associated with increasing traditional dietary quartiles; while a progressively higher magnesium and BMI levels were associated with increasing modern dietary quartiles (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in CRP and serum ferritin across quartiles for either dietary pattern. In the fully adjusted model, the prevalence ratio (PR) of anaemia, comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile, was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.33; 2.29) for a traditional dietary pattern, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.68; 1.16) for a modern dietary pattern. The association between dietary patterns and anaemia is mediated by serum magnesium. CONCLUSION Traditional dietary pattern is associated with a higher prevalence of anaemia among older Chinese. Future studies need to examine whether correcting micronutrient deficiency (e.g. magnesium) by promoting overall healthy diet, rather than iron supplementation, is a suitable strategy for anaemia prevention in older Chinese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Xu
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - John Hall
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Julie Byles
- Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- Discipline of Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Role of nutrition on anemia in elderly. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 11:e1-e11. [PMID: 28531420 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anemia in elderly population have a great incidence and is related to increased mortality risk. The incidence of nutrition in anemia is about one third of the total. Caloric and protein restriction, iron, vitamin B12, folic deficiency are the causes of nutritional anemia. Protein and energy malnutrition stimulate an increased cytokines production with induction of inflammation, immunodeficiency and anemia. Anorexia and obesity can be associated with anemia due to increased cytokines and hepdicin serum level. Macrophages activity is inhibited and a decrease in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration due to ineffective erythropoiesis is observed. An adequate energy and protein diet is necessary to reduce inflammation and increase iron absorption. A minimum of 1700 kcal/day and 1.7 gr/kg/day of protein intake are necessary to maintain anabolism in chronic patients to prevent and treat anemia. Iron supplementation by intravenous injection is safe and effective to correct severe iron deficiency. The supplementation of vitamins and oligomineral are useful to reduce oxidative stress and improve RBC longevity. Anemia in elderly could be prevented by an adequate nutrition, a simple and not expensive intervention, and associated to physical exercise reduce the incidence of mortality rate.
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Parra DC, Iannotti L, Gomez LF, Pachón H, Haire-Joshu D, Sarmiento OL, Kuhlmann AS, Brownson RC. The nutrition transition in Colombia over a decade: a novel household classification system of anthropometric measures. Arch Public Health 2015; 73:12. [PMID: 25780562 PMCID: PMC4361151 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-014-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and underweight increase the risk of metabolic impairments and chronic disease. Interventions at the household level require the diagnosis of nutritional status among family members. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and patterns of various anthropometric typologies over a decade in Colombia using a novel approach that considers all children in the household as well as the mother. This approach also allows identifying a dual burden of malnutrition within a household, where one child may be overweight and another one undernourished. METHODS This study used data from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Colombian National Nutrition Survey [2000 n = 2,876, 2005 n = 8,598, and 2010 n = 11,349]. Four mutually exclusive household (HH) anthropometric typologies - normal, undernourished, overweight/obese, and dual burden - were created. Anthropometric information of height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BMIz) in children under the age of 5 y, and on body mass index (BMI) in mothers, 18-49 y was used. RESULTS Prevalence of overweight/obese HHs increased between 2000 (38.2%) and 2010 (43.1%) (p < 0.05), while undernourished and dual burden HHs significantly decreased between 2005 (13.7% and 10.6%, respectively) and 2010 (3.5% and 5.1%, respectively) (p < 0.05). A greater increase of overweight/obesity was observed for the lowest quintile of wealth index (WI), with an increase of almost 10% between 2000 and 2010, compared to 2% and 4% for the fourth and highest WI, respectively. Although in 2010 there is still a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity HHs in urban areas (43.7%), the prevalence of overweight/obesity HHs in rural areas increased sharply between 2000 (34.3%) and 2010 (41.6%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The observed prevalence of dual burden households was not different from the expected prevalence. Results from this study indicate that although overweight/obesity continues to be more prevalent among high-income Colombian households, it is growing at a faster pace among the most economically disadvantaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Parra
- />Program in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Lora Iannotti
- />George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Luis F Gomez
- />Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social. Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Helena Pachón
- />Food Fortification Initiative, Atlanta, USA; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- />Center for Diabetes Translation Research and Center for Obesity Prevention & Policy Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- />Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Anne Sebert Kuhlmann
- />George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- />Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
- />Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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Interactive effects of dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio and body mass index on iron deficiency anemia among Taiwanese women. Nutrients 2014; 6:3929-41. [PMID: 25255383 PMCID: PMC4179196 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether being overweight or obese is associated with increased risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains controversial. We evaluated the dietary intakes and risk for IDA in relation to body mass index (BMI). One thousand two hundred and seventy-four females aged ≥19 years, enrolled in the third Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2005–2008, were selected. Half of the women were either overweight (24.0%) or obese (25.3%). The overall prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and IDA among adult women was 19.5%, 8.6% and 6.2%. BMI showed a protective effect on IDA: overweight (odds ratio, OR: 0.365 (0.181–0.736)) and obese (OR: 0.480 (0.259–0.891)) when compared with normal weight. Univariate analysis identified increased IDA risk for overweight/obese women who consumed higher dietary fat but lower carbohydrate (CHO) (OR: 10.119 (1.267–80.79)). No such relationship was found in IDA women with normal weight (OR: 0.375 (0.036–4.022)). Analysis of interaction(s) showed individuals within the highest BMI tertile (T3) had the lowest risk for IDA and the risk increased with increasing tertile groups of fat/CHO ratio; OR 0.381 (0.144–1.008; p = 0.051), 0.370 (0.133–1.026; p = 0.056) and 0.748 (0.314–1.783; p = 0.513); for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In conclusion, a protective effect of BMI on IDA may be attenuated in women who had increased fat/CHO ratio.
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Heidkamp RA, Ngnie-Teta I, Ayoya MAA, Stoltzfus RJ, Mamadoultaibou A, Durandisse EB, Pierre JM. Predictors of anemia among haitian children aged 6 to 59 months and women of childbearing age and their implications for programming. Food Nutr Bull 2014; 34:462-79. [PMID: 24605696 DOI: 10.1177/156482651303400411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Haitian National Nutrition Policy prioritizes prevention and treatment of anemia among mothers and young children, but there are few available data to support planning for scale-up of anemia interventions. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and predictors of anemia among Haitian women (15 to 49 years) and children (6 to 59 months) and to draw implications for national nutrition programming. METHODS Descriptive and univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were performed using data from the nationally representative Haitian Demographic Health Survey 2005/06. RESULTS The prevalence of mild (hemoglobin 11.0 to 11.9 g/dL), moderate (hemoglobin 8.0 to 10.9 g/dL), and severe (hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL) anemia was 19.2%, 21.7%, and 4.4%, respectively, among women aged 15 to 49 years and 22.9%, 33.9%. and 2.2% among children aged 6 to 59 months. Unexpectedly anemia was more prevalent in urban women (54.4 %) and children (65.1%) than in rural women (43.1%, p < .001) and children (55.7%, p = .004). In multivariate regression models, factors associated with anemia among urban women (birth spacing, p = .027; overweight BMI, p < .001; education level, p = .022) were different from those in rural women (wealth quintile, p < .05; employment, p = .003). Anemia in urban and rural children aged 6 to 59 months increased with child age (p < .05) and maternal anemia status (p = .004; p < .001). Female sex (p = .007) and maternal overweight (p = .009) were associated with reduced risk of anemia in rural children only. CONCLUSIONS Anemia among Haitian young children and women of childbearing age is a severe public health problem. The findings suggest the need for context-specific rural and urban strategies, reinforcement of anemia prevention in health services reaching women of childbearing age, and targeted interventions for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseline Marhone Pierre
- National Food and Nutrition Program Coordination Unit of the Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince
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Loret de Mola C, Quispe R, Valle GA, Poterico JA. Nutritional transition in children under five years and women of reproductive age: a 15-years trend analysis in Peru. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92550. [PMID: 24643049 PMCID: PMC3958518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid urbanization, increase in food availability, and changes in diet and lifestyle patterns have been changing nutritional profiles in developing nations. We aimed to describe nutritional changes in children under 5 years and women of reproductive age in Peru, during a 15-year period of rapid economic development and social policy enhancement. Materials and Methods Trend analyses of anthropometric measures in children of preschool age and women between 15–49 years, using the Peruvian National Demographic and Family Health Surveys (DHS) from 1996 to 2011. WHO growth curves were used to define stunting, underweight, wasting and overweight in children <5y. We employed the WHO BMI-age standardized curves for teenagers between 15–19y. In women >19 years, body mass index (BMI) was analyzed both categorically and as a continuous variable. To statistically analyze the trends, we used regression models: Linear and Poisson for continuous and binary outcomes, respectively. Results We analyzed data from 123 642 women and 64 135 children, from 1996 to 2011. Decreases over time were evidenced for underweight (p<0.001), wasting (p<0.001), and stunting (p<0.001) in children under 5y. This effect was particularly noted in urban settings. Overweight levels in children reduced (p<0.001), however this reduction stopped, in urban settings, since 2005 (∼12%). Anemia decreased in children and women (p<0.001); with higher reduction in urban (↓43%) than in rural children (↓24%). BMI in women aged 15–19 years increased (p<0.001) across time, with noticeable BMI-curve shift in women older than 30 years. Moreover, obesity doubled during this period in women more than 19y. Conclusion Nutrition transition in Peru shows different patterns for urban and rural populations. Public policies should emphasize targeting both malnutrition conditions—undernutrition/stunting, overweight/obesity and anemia—considering age and place of residence in rapid developing societies like Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loret de Mola
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Renato Quispe
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- CONEVID Unidad de Conocimiento y Evidencia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Giancarlo A. Valle
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Julio A. Poterico
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Gartner A, El Ati J, Traissac P, Bour A, Berger J, Landais E, El Hsaïni H, Ben Rayana C, Delpeuch F. A double burden of overall or central adiposity and anemia or iron deficiency is prevalent but with little socioeconomic patterning among Moroccan and Tunisian urban women. J Nutr 2014; 144:87-97. [PMID: 24198310 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.178285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In North Africa, overnutrition has dramatically increased with the nutrition transition while micronutrient deficiencies persist, resulting in clustering of opposite types of malnutrition that can present a unique difficulty for public health interventions. We assessed the magnitude of the double burden of malnutrition among urban Moroccan and Tunisian women, as defined by the coexistence of overall or central adiposity and anemia or iron deficiency (ID), and explored the sociodemographic patterning of individual double burden. In cross-sectional surveys representative of the region around the capital city, we randomly selected 811 and 1689 nonpregnant women aged 20-49 y in Morocco and Tunisia, respectively. Four double burdens were analyzed: overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)) or increased risk abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm) and anemia (blood hemoglobin <120 g/L) or ID (C-reactive protein-corrected serum ferritin <15 μg/L). Adjusted associations with 9 sociodemographic factors were estimated by logistic regression. The prevalence of overweight and ID was 67.0% and 45.2% in Morocco, respectively, and 69.5% and 27.0% in Tunisia, respectively, illustrating the population-level double burden. The coexistence of overall or central adiposity with ID was found in 29.8% and 30.1% of women in Morocco, respectively, and in 18.2% and 18.3% of women in Tunisia, respectively, quite evenly distributed across age, economic, or education groups. Generally, the rare, associated sociodemographic factors varied across the 4 subject-level double burdens and the 2 countries and differed from those usually associated with adiposity, anemia, or ID. Any double burden combining adiposity and anemia or ID should therefore be taken into consideration in all women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01844349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Gartner
- Research Unit Nutripass (Prevention of Malnutrition and Associated Diseases), Institute of Research for Development, Montpellier, France
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Aderibigbe OR, Pisa PT, Vorster HH, Kruger SH. The Relationship Between Iron Status and Adiposity in Women from Developing Countries: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 54:553-60. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.594914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Keding GB, Msuya JM, Maass BL, Krawinkel MB. Obesity as a public health problem among adult women in rural Tanzania. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2013; 1:359-71. [PMID: 25276549 PMCID: PMC4168587 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-13-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Even in rural areas of Tanzania, an early stage of the nutrition transition is underway: 3 times as many women were overweight or obese than were undernourished. Overweight and obese women mainly follow a diet characterized by high consumption of bread and cakes (usually fried or baked in oil), sugar, and black tea. Background: For many developing countries, obesity and its sequelae have become a challenge of a magnitude similar to hunger and undernutrition. The main objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the weight status of women in rural Tanzania with reference to season as well as the link between women's weight, food consumption, and attitudes toward obesity. Methods: Three cross-sectional surveys in 3 different seasons within 1 year interviewed the same 210 women, ages 17–45 years, from 3 rural districts of northeastern and central Tanzania. These surveys assessed body mass index (BMI), food intake, and dietary diversity through 24-hour recalls, women's attitudes toward obesity, vegetable production, and socioeconomic status. Results: Although 71% of the women had a normal BMI, 7% were underweight, 16% overweight, and 6% obese. The BMI was correlated with the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), the Food Variety Score (FVS), with the consumption of foods from the food groups “bread/cakes,” “sugar,” and “tea,” and with the production of exotic vegetables. In a multiple regression model, FVS was directly associated with BMI. When asked to describe the typical characteristics of an obese person, women mentioned more negative than positive characteristics. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 3 times higher than that of underweight. Apparently, even in rural areas of Tanzania, a nutrition transition is underway. No direct association was identified between vegetable consumption and BMI. Although this study did not assess behavioral factors, such behavioral factors as activity levels as well as attitudes need to be considered, even in rural settings, to address all facets of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun B Keding
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of International Nutrition , Giessen , Germany ; Bioversity International , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - John M Msuya
- Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Department of Food Science & Technology, Nutrition and Development Economics , Morogoro , Tanzania
| | | | - Michael B Krawinkel
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of International Nutrition , Giessen , Germany
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Johns T, Powell B, Maundu P, Eyzaguirre PB. Agricultural biodiversity as a link between traditional food systems and contemporary development, social integrity and ecological health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3433-3442. [PMID: 23963831 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional food systems offer a key link between the social and economic resilience of smallholder farmers and pastoralists and the sustainable food and nutrition security of global populations. This paper addresses issues related to socio-cultural diversity and the continuing complex engagement of traditional and modern communities with the plants and animals that sustain them. In light of some of the unhealthful consequences of the 'nutrition transition' to globalized modern diets, the authors define and propose a process for a more successful food system transition that balances agro-biodiversity and processed commodities to support diet diversity, health and social equity alongside sustainable economic growth. We review empirical research in support of practice and policy changes in agriculture, economic development and health domains as well as cross-sectoral and community-based innovation. High-value food crops within domestic and global value chains can be an entry point for smallholders' participation as contributors and beneficiaries of development, while sustainable small farms, as purveyors of environmental and public health services, diversify global options for long-term adaptation in the face of environmental uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johns
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada; Agrobiodiversity and Ecosystems Programme, Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057, Maccarese, Rome, Italy
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Dao MC, Meydani SN. Iron biology, immunology, aging, and obesity: four fields connected by the small peptide hormone hepcidin. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:602-17. [PMID: 24228190 PMCID: PMC3823507 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron status and immune response become impaired in situations that involve chronic inflammation, such as obesity or aging. Little is known, however, about the additional burden that obesity may place on the iron status and immune response in the elderly. This question is relevant given the rising numbers of elderly obese (BMI >30 kg/m(2)) individuals and the high prevalence of iron deficiency worldwide. Iron is necessary for proper function of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Hepcidin, a peptide hormone that regulates cellular iron export, is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis. Therefore, since immune cells require iron for proper function hepcidin may also play an important role in immune response. In this review, we summarize the evidence for hepcidin as a link between the fields of gerontology, obesity, iron biology, and immunology. We also identify several gaps in knowledge and unanswered questions pertaining to iron homeostasis and immunity in obese populations. Finally, we review studies that have shown the impact of weight loss, focusing on calorie restriction, iron homeostasis, and immunity. These studies are important both in elucidating mechanistic links between obesity and health impairments and identifying possible approaches to target immune impairment and iron deficiency as comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carlota Dao
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Boston, MA
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Boston, MA
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At-risk serum cholesterol profile at both ends of the nutrition spectrum in West African adults? The Benin study. Nutrients 2013; 5:1366-83. [PMID: 23603997 PMCID: PMC3705353 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), using as cut-offs 1.03 mmol/L in men and 1.29 mmol/L in women, was observed in more than 25% apparently healthy adults (n = 541) in a cross-sectional study on nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in Benin, West Africa. Both overweight/obesity (35.3%) and underweight (11.3%) were present, displaying the double burden of malnutrition. We examined in more depth the association of low HDL-C with nutrition and with other CMRF. Metabolic syndrome components were assessed, plus the ratio of total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C and serum homocysteine. Insulin resistance was based on Homeostasis Model Assessment. We also measured BMI and body composition by bio-impedance. Dietary quality was appraised with two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Low HDL-C was associated with much higher TC/HDL-C and more abdominal obesity in men and women and with more insulin resistance in women. The rate of low HDL-C was highest (41.9%) among the overweight/obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25), but it also reached 31.1% among the underweight (BMI < 18.5), compared with 17.3% among normal-weight subjects (p < 0.001). Lower dietary micronutrient adequacy, in particular, in vitamins A, B3, B12, zinc and calcium, was associated with low HDL-C when controlling for several confounders. This suggests that at-risk lipoprotein cholesterol may be associated with either underweight or overweight/obesity and with poor micronutrient intake.
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Kordas K, Fonseca Centeno ZY, Pachón H, Jimenez Soto AZ. Being overweight or obese is associated with lower prevalence of anemia among Colombian women of reproductive age. J Nutr 2013; 143:175-81. [PMID: 23236023 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.167767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and micronutrient deficiencies have manifested in the same individuals. This study investigated the association among iron deficiency (ID), anemia, and weight status among nonpregnant Colombian females aged 13-49 y (n = 3267). Data from the 2005 National Survey of the Nutrition Situation were used. The prevalence of ID (plasma ferritin <12.0 μg/L; individuals with CRP >0.012 g/L excluded) and anemia (altitude-adjusted hemoglobin <120 g/L) was estimated separately. The likelihood of having ID or anemia was tested as a function of overweight (BMI-age Z-score 1-1.9 SD for 13-17 y, BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m² for 18-49 y) and obesity (≥2 SD for 13-17 y, ≥30 kg/m² for 18-49 y) using multivariate logistic regressions accounting for survey design. Additionally, demographic predictors of combined overweight/obesity with ID or anemia were identified. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.2 and 13.1%, respectively, whereas that of ID and anemia was 16.1 and 32.5%, respectively. Contrary to previous reports, overweight and obese women had a lower likelihood of anemia [OR (95% CI) = 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) and 0.8 (0.6, 1.0), respectively] than normal-weight women. Overweight/obesity combined with ID or anemia was present among 6.3 and 12.8% of women, respectively. Although overweight and obesity were associated with a lower likelihood of anemia, a sizeable group of women was identified as experiencing both over- and undernutrition. Because of the potential for exacerbated health problems in the presence of over- and undernutrition, these conditions should continue to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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Qin Y, Melse-Boonstra A, Pan X, Yuan B, Dai Y, Zhao J, Zimmermann MB, Kok FJ, Zhou M, Shi Z. Anemia in relation to body mass index and waist circumference among Chinese women. Nutr J 2013; 12:10. [PMID: 23311667 PMCID: PMC3548732 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationship of anemia and body mass index among adult women in Jiangsu Province, China. Data were collected in a sub-national cross-sectional survey, and 1,537 women aged 20 years and above were included in the analyses. Subjects were classified by body mass index (BMI) categories as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to the Chinese standard. Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 80 cm. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration < 12 g/dl. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of the relationship between anemia and BMI or waist circumference were calculated using Poisson regression. FINDINGS Overall, 31.1% of the Chinese women were anemic. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity was 34.2%, 5.8% and 36.2%, respectively. The obese group had the highest concentrations of hemoglobin compared with other BMI groups. After adjustment for confounders, overweight and obese women had a lower PR for anemia (PR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89; PR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43-0.79). Central obesity was inversely associated with anemia. CONCLUSION In this Chinese population, women with overweight/obesity or central obesity were less likely to be anemic as compared to normal weight women. No measures are required currently to target anemia specifically for overweight and obese people in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Department of Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Province Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Zeba AN, Delisle HF, Renier G, Savadogo B, Baya B. The double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk widens the gender and socio-economic health gap: a study among adults in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:2210-9. [PMID: 22463806 PMCID: PMC10271501 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the double burden of malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adults and its occurrence according to different sociodemographic parameters. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional observational study. We first randomly selected 330 households stratified by tertile of the income levels proxy as low, middle and high income. SETTING Northern district of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso. SUBJECTS In each income stratum, 110 individuals aged 25-60 years and who had lived permanently in Ouagadougou for at least 6 months were randomly selected, followed with collection of anthropometric, socio-economic and clinical data, and blood samples. RESULTS The overall obesity/overweight prevalence was 24.2 % and it was twice as high in women as in men (34.1 % v. 15.5 %, P < 0.001). Hypertension, hyperglycaemia and low HDL cholesterol prevalence was 21.9 %, 22.3 % and 30.0 %, respectively, without gender difference. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 10.3 %. Iron depletion and vitamin A deficiency affected 15.7 % and 25.7 % of participants, respectively, with higher rates in women. Coexistence of at least one nutritional deficiency and one CMRF was observed in 23.5 % of participants, and this 'double burden' was significantly higher in women than in men (30.4 % v. 16.1 %, P = 0.008) and in the low income group. CONCLUSIONS CMRF are becoming a leading nutritional problem in adults of Ouagadougou, while nutritional deficiencies persist. The double nutritional burden exacerbates health inequities and calls for action addressing both malnutrition and nutrition-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin N Zeba
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (IRSS/DRO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hélène F Delisle
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Genevieve Renier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boubacar Savadogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l'Ouest (IRSS/DRO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Banza Baya
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Delisle H, Agueh V, Fayomi B. Partnership research on nutrition transition and chronic diseases in West Africa - trends, outcomes and impacts. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2011; 11 Suppl 2:S10. [PMID: 22166095 PMCID: PMC3247830 DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-11-s2-s10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Nutrition-related chronic diseases (NRCD) are rising quickly in developing countries, and the nutrition transition is a major contributor. Low-income countries have not been spared. Health issues related to nutritional deficiencies also persist, creating a double burden of malnutrition (DBM). There is still a major shortage of data on NRCD and DBM in Sub-Saharan Africa. A research program has been designed and conducted in partnership with West African institutions since 2003 to determine how the nutrition transition relates to NRCD and the DBM in order to support prevention efforts. Methods In Benin, cross-sectional studies among apparently healthy adults (n=540) from urban, semi-urban and rural areas have examined cardiometabolic risk (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance) in relation to diet and lifestyle, also factoring in socio-economic status (SES). Those studies were followed by a longitudinal study on how risk evolves, opening the way for mutual aid groups to develop a prevention strategy within an action research framework. In Burkina Faso, a cross-sectional study on the nutritional status and dietary patterns of urban school-age children (n=650) represented the initial stages of an action research project to prevent DBM in schools. A cross-sectional study among adults (n=330) from the capital of Burkina Faso explored the coexistence, within these individuals, of cardiometabolic risk factors and nutritional deficiencies (anemia, vitamin A deficiency, chronic energy deficiency), as they relate to diet, lifestyle and SES. Results The studies have shown that the prevalence of NRCD is high among the poor, thereby exacerbating social inequalities. The hypothesis of a positive socio-economic (and rural–urban) gradient was confirmed only for obesity, whereas the prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia did not prove to be higher among affluent city dwellers. Women were particularly affected by abdominal obesity, at 48% compared to 6% of men. Protective factors against the risk of NRCD were physical activity and adequate micronutrient intake. The research also showed that nutritional deficiencies were not restricted to schoolchildren in rural areas because in the capital of Ouagadougou, for example, 40% of schoolchildren were anaemic and 40% were vitamin A deficient. Partnership research has expanded to include advocacy and human resources training. Conclusion These initial studies on NRCD in West Africa indicate the relevance and urgency of prevention, even among low-income groups and countries. They show that the fight against NRCD as well as nutritional deficiencies should focus on women. Seeing how researchers from the African partner institutions have connections with decision-making authorities, the research findings could have an impact on prevention policies and programs in communities and schools alike. Greater support must nevertheless be provided to lobbying and advocacy work for an even greater impact. As well, the sustainability of the research program remains a challenge that requires resource mobilization and training for the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Delisle
- TRANSNUT, WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, P,O, Box 6128, Station Main, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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The contribution of fruits and vegetables to dietary intake of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in a Mexican rural diet: Importance of fruit and vegetable variety. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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