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Velez-delValle C, Hernandez-Mosqueira CP, Castro-Rodriguez LI, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Marsch-Moreno M, Kuri-Harcuch W. Gene expression and characterization of clonally derived murine embryonic brown and brite adipocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2024. [PMID: 38972757 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes store energy, while brown and brite adipocytes release heat via nonshivering thermogenesis. In this study, we characterized two murine embryonic clonal preadipocyte lines, EB5 and EB7, each displaying unique gene marker expression profiles. EB5 cells differentiate into brown adipocytes, whereas EB7 cells into brite (also known as beige) adipocytes. To draw a comprehensive comparison, we contrasted the gene expression patterns, adipogenic capacity, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of these cells to that of F442A, a well-known white preadipocyte and adipocyte model. We found that commitment to differentiation in both EB5 and EB7 cells can be induced by 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine/dexamethasone (Mix/Dex) and staurosporine/dexamethasone (St/Dex) treatments. Additionally, the administration of rosiglitazone significantly enhances the brown and brite adipocyte phenotypes. Our data also reveal the involvement of a series of genes in the transcriptional cascade guiding adipogenesis, pinpointing GSK3β as a critical regulator for both EB5 and EB7 adipogenesis. In a developmental context, we observe that, akin to brown fat progenitors, brite fat progenitors make their appearance in murine development by 11-12 days of gestation or potentially earlier. This result contributes to our understanding of adipocyte lineage specification during embryonic development. In conclusion, EB5 and EB7 cell lines are valuable for research into adipocyte biology, providing insights into the differentiation and development of brown and beige adipocytes. Furthermore, they could be useful for the characterization of drugs targeting energy balance for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Agrawal S, Buyan A, Severin J, Koido M, Alam T, Abugessaisa I, Chang HY, Dostie J, Itoh M, Kere J, Kondo N, Li Y, Makeev VJ, Mendez M, Okazaki Y, Ramilowski JA, Sigorskikh AI, Strug LJ, Yagi K, Yasuzawa K, Yip CW, Hon CC, Hoffman MM, Terao C, Kulakovskiy IV, Kasukawa T, Shin JW, Carninci P, de Hoon MJL. Annotation of nuclear lncRNAs based on chromatin interactions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295971. [PMID: 38709794 PMCID: PMC11073715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The human genome is pervasively transcribed and produces a wide variety of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), constituting the majority of transcripts across human cell types. Some specific nuclear lncRNAs have been shown to be important regulatory components acting locally. As RNA-chromatin interaction and Hi-C chromatin conformation data showed that chromatin interactions of nuclear lncRNAs are determined by the local chromatin 3D conformation, we used Hi-C data to identify potential target genes of lncRNAs. RNA-protein interaction data suggested that nuclear lncRNAs act as scaffolds to recruit regulatory proteins to target promoters and enhancers. Nuclear lncRNAs may therefore play a role in directing regulatory factors to locations spatially close to the lncRNA gene. We provide the analysis results through an interactive visualization web portal at https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/zenbu/reports/#F6_3D_lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Andrey Buyan
- Autosome.org, Russia
- FANTOM Consortium, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jessica Severin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanvir Alam
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Howard Y. Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulome, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Josée Dostie
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Wako, Japan
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Naoto Kondo
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunjing Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mickaël Mendez
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jordan A. Ramilowski
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Lisa J. Strug
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Yagi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Yasuzawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chung Chau Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael M. Hoffman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takeya Kasukawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jay W. Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
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3
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Mora I, Puiggròs F, Serras F, Gil-Cardoso K, Escoté X. Emerging models for studying adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116123. [PMID: 38484851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding adipose metabolism is essential for addressing obesity and related health concerns. However, the ethical and scientific pressure to animal testing, aligning with the 3Rs, has triggered the implementation of diverse alternative models for analysing anomalies in adipose metabolism. In this review, we will address this issue from various perspectives. Traditional adipocyte cell cultures, whether animal or human-derived, offer a fundamental starting point. These systems have their merits but may not fully replicate in vivo complexity. Established cell lines are valuable for high-throughput screening but may lack the authenticity of primary-derived adipocytes, which closely mimic native tissue. To enhance model sophistication, spheroids have been introduced. These three-dimensional cultures better mimicking the in vivo microenvironment, enabling the study of intricate cell-cell interactions, gene expression, and metabolic pathways. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms take this further by integrating multiple cell types into microfluidic devices, simulating tissue-level functions. Adipose-OoC (AOoC) provides dynamic environments with applications spanning drug testing to personalized medicine and nutrition. Beyond in vitro models, genetically amenable organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and zebrafish larvae) have become powerful tools for investigating fundamental molecular mechanisms that govern adipose tissue functions. Their genetic tractability allows for efficient manipulation and high-throughput studies. In conclusion, a diverse array of research models is crucial for deciphering adipose metabolism. By leveraging traditional adipocyte cell cultures, primary-derived cells, spheroids, AOoCs, and lower organism models, we bridge the gap between animal testing and a more ethical, scientifically robust, and human-relevant approach, advancing our understanding of adipose tissue metabolism and its impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain.
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4
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Guo G, Wang W, Tu M, Zhao B, Han J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhou J, Ma W, Liu Y, Sun T, Han X, An Y. Deciphering adipose development: Function, differentiation and regulation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38516819 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overdevelopment of adipose tissues, accompanied by excess lipid accumulation and energy storage, leads to adipose deposition and obesity. With the increasing incidence of obesity in recent years, obesity is becoming a major risk factor for human health, causing various relevant diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and cancers). Therefore, it is of significance to antagonize obesity to reduce the risk of obesity-related diseases. Excess lipid accumulation in adipose tissues is mediated by adipocyte hypertrophy (expansion of pre-existing adipocytes) or hyperplasia (increase of newly-formed adipocytes). It is necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of adipose tissues by controlling adipose development. Adipogenesis is exquisitely regulated by many factors in vivo and in vitro, including hormones, cytokines, gender and dietary components. The present review has concluded a comprehensive understanding of adipose development including its origin, classification, distribution, function, differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis, which may provide potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing obesity without impairing adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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5
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Jiménez A, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, de Hollanda A, Vidal J. Limited Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Predictor Variables in Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1205-e1213. [PMID: 37249080 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) at baseline on limited weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains controversial, and the potential underlying mechanisms incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed at gaining further insight on this relationship and identifying novel associations between adipose tissue (AT) parameters and short-term WL outcomes in subjects with or without T2D undergoing BS. METHODS Mid-term WL trajectories after BS have been evaluated in a cohort of 1659 subjects (cohort 1) with (n = 543) and without T2D (n = 1116). Paired subcutaneous and visceral AT samples were obtained from a cohort of 48 pairs of subjects with and without T2D matched for age, sex, BMI, and type of BS (cohort 2). Differences in AT parameters between groups were evaluated and potential associations with WL response explored. RESULTS T2D was independently associated with a 5% lesser mid-term WL in cohort 1, while HbA1c, insulin treatment, and number of T2D medications prior to BS were only related to short-term WL outcomes. In cohort 2, a number of differentially expressed genes in AT were identified between groups, while fat cell size and fibrosis were comparable. Subcutaneous ATG7 expression was found as an independent predictor of limited WL 1 year after surgery (β: -12.21 ± 4.41, P = .008) and its addition to a clinical model significantly improved the amount of WL variability explained (R2 = 0.131 vs R2 = 0.248, F change P = .009). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of T2D as determinant of limited WL following BS and suggest that dysregulated macroautophagy in subcutaneous AT may contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Garske KM, Kar A, Comenho C, Balliu B, Pan DZ, Bhagat YV, Rosenberg G, Koka A, Das SS, Miao Z, Sinsheimer JS, Kaprio J, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Increased body mass index is linked to systemic inflammation through altered chromatin co-accessibility in human preadipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4214. [PMID: 37452040 PMCID: PMC10349101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction can cause low-grade inflammation and downstream obesity comorbidities. Although preadipocytes may contribute to this pro-inflammatory environment, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used human primary preadipocytes from body mass index (BMI) -discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs to generate epigenetic (ATAC-sequence) and transcriptomic (RNA-sequence) data for testing whether increased BMI alters the subnuclear compartmentalization of open chromatin in the twins' preadipocytes, causing downstream inflammation. Here we show that the co-accessibility of open chromatin, i.e. compartmentalization of chromatin activity, is altered in the higher vs lower BMI MZ siblings for a large subset ( ~ 88.5 Mb) of the active subnuclear compartments. Using the UK Biobank we show that variants within these regions contribute to systemic inflammation through interactions with BMI on C-reactive protein. In summary, open chromatin co-accessibility in human preadipocytes is disrupted among the higher BMI siblings, suggesting a mechanism how obesity may lead to inflammation via gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Caroline Comenho
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brunilda Balliu
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David Z Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yash V Bhagat
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory Rosenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amogha Koka
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Institute for Precision Heath, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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7
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Darci-Maher N, Alvarez M, Arasu UT, Selvarajan I, Lee SHT, Pan DZ, Miao Z, Das SS, Kaminska D, Örd T, Benhammou JN, Wabitsch M, Pisegna JR, Männistö V, Pietiläinen KH, Laakso M, Sinsheimer JS, Kaikkonen MU, Pihlajamäki J, Pajukanta P. Cross-tissue omics analysis discovers ten adipose genes encoding secreted proteins in obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104620. [PMID: 37224770 PMCID: PMC10277924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast-growing, underdiagnosed, epidemic. We hypothesise that obesity-related inflammation compromises adipose tissue functions, preventing efficient fat storage, and thus driving ectopic fat accumulation into the liver. METHODS To identify adipose-based mechanisms and potential serum biomarker candidates (SBCs) for NAFLD, we utilise dual-tissue RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data in adipose tissue and liver, paired with histology-based NAFLD diagnosis, from the same individuals in a cohort of obese individuals. We first scan for genes that are differentially expressed (DE) for NAFLD in obese individuals' subcutaneous adipose tissue but not in their liver; encode proteins secreted to serum; and show preferential adipose expression. Then the identified genes are filtered to key adipose-origin NAFLD genes by best subset analysis, knockdown experiments during human preadipocyte differentiation, recombinant protein treatment experiments in human liver HepG2 cells, and genetic analysis. FINDINGS We discover a set of genes, including 10 SBCs, that may modulate NAFLD pathogenesis by impacting adipose tissue function. Based on best subset analysis, we further follow-up on two SBCs CCDC80 and SOD3 by knockdown in human preadipocytes and subsequent differentiation experiments, which show that they modulate crucial adipogenesis genes, LPL, SREBPF1, and LEP. We also show that treatment of the liver HepG2 cells with the CCDC80 and SOD3 recombinant proteins impacts genes related to steatosis and lipid processing, including PPARA, NFE2L2, and RNF128. Finally, utilizing the adipose NAFLD DE gene cis-regulatory variants associated with serum triglycerides (TGs) in extensive genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we demonstrate a unidirectional effect of serum TGs on NAFLD with Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. We also demonstrate that a single SNP regulating one of the SBC genes, rs2845885, produces a significant MR result by itself. This supports the conclusion that genetically regulated adipose expression of the NAFLD DE genes may contribute to NAFLD through changes in serum TG levels. INTERPRETATION Our results from the dual-tissue transcriptomics screening improve the understanding of obesity-related NAFLD by providing a targeted set of 10 adipose tissue-active genes as new serum biomarker candidates for the currently grossly underdiagnosed fatty liver disease. FUNDING The work was supported by NIH grants R01HG010505 and R01DK132775. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health, and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS. The KOBS study (J. P.) was supported by the Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Kuopio University Hospital Project grant (EVO/VTR grants 2005-2019), and the Academy of Finland grant (Contract no. 138006). This study was funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant No. 802825 to M. U. K.). K. H. P. was funded by the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 272376, 266286, 314383, and 335443), the Finnish Medical Foundation, Gyllenberg Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant numbers NNF10OC1013354, NNF17OC0027232, and NNF20OC0060547), Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital and Government Research Funds. I. S. was funded by the Instrumentarium Science Foundation. Personal grants to U. T. A. were received from the Matti and Vappu Maukonen Foundation, Ella och Georg Ehrnrooths Stiftelse and the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Darci-Maher
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Uma Thanigai Arasu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilakya Selvarajan
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seung Hyuk T Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David Z Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tiit Örd
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jihane N Benhammou
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, and Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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8
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Hao Z, Jin X, Wang J, Luo Y, Hu J, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F, Li M. Functional differentiation of the ovine preadipocytes -insights from gene expression profiling. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:97. [PMID: 36952056 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The preadipocytes differentiation is a vital process of lipogenesis; exploring the molecular mechanisms of lipogenesis contributes to improve the meat quality and final commercial income. Lipogenesis has been widely reported in other livestock, but little is known about the gene expression profiles at different stages during preadipocytes differentiation in sheep. In this study, ovine preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and then induced to begin differentiation. Then, the gene expression profiles of preadipocytes collected on day 0 (D0), day 2 (D2), and day 8 (D8) of differentiation were analyzed by RNA-seq technology. According to the findings, 2254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in D2 vs D0; 1817 DEGs and 1902 DEGs were found in D8 vs D0 and D8 vs D2, respectively. The DEGs were found to be enriched in several biological processes, including focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, and MAPK signaling pathway, according to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The regulatory network of the DEGs related to ovine preadipocytes differentiation was systematically constructed, which showed that hub genes might modulate ovine preadipocytes differentiation. In summary, preadipocyte differentiation is regulated by several key genes, including ACACB, CXCL6, SREBF1, INSIG1, APOE, GJA1, CDH11, SYNE1, PCSK1, S100A4, FN1, PLIN2, CXCL6, FN1, PTX3, and FABP3. This study provides a deeper knowledge of the roles of genes in sheep lipogenesis by revealing global gene expression profiles during preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Hao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiayang Jin
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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9
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Vazquez-Sandoval A, Velez-delValle C, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Marsch-Moreno M, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Kuri-Harcuch W. FAM129B is a cooperative protein that regulates adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 638:66-75. [PMID: 36442234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FAM129B is one of Niban-like proteins described in neoplastic cells and implicated in melanoma cell invasion, but no reports have been published on FAM129B and cell differentiation. We show that FAM129B is early and transiently expressed and crucial for 3T3-F442A adipogenesis. Fam129b is expressed downstream of the early genes Cebpb, Klf4, Klf5 and Srebf1a, but upstream of Pparg2 since knockdown of Fam129b blocked Pparg2 expression and adipose differentiation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity, a crucial kinase for adipogenesis, and the ERK1/2 are involved in FAM129B phosphorylation as part of the adipogenic program. Phosphorylated FAM129B is crucial for Pparg2 expression and the lipogenic gene expression downstream of Pparg2, and hence for adipogenesis. Fam129b knockdown reduced adipocyte cluster formation and size, regulating commitment and clonal amplification. In vivo, BAT, inguinal and epidydimal fat expressed Fam129b, suggesting a role in adipose tissue development. We conclude that FAM129B is a cooperative protein that regulates differentiation during the early stages of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Jorge-Tonatiuh Ayala-Sumuano
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico; Department of Biomedical Research, IDIX Biotech, Avenida de Los Portones 1151, Queretaro, CP 76100, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), IPN Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, CP 07360, Mexico.
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10
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Suppressive Effect of Fraxetin on Adipogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in 3T3-L1 Cells by Regulating MAPK Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101893. [PMID: 36290616 PMCID: PMC9598290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified obesity as one of the world’s most serious chronic disorders. Adipogenesis, in which preadipocytes are differentiated into mature adipocytes, has a decisive role in establishing the number of adipocytes and determining the lipid storage capacity of adipose tissue and fat mass in adults. Fat accumulation in obesity is implicated with elevated oxidative stress in adipocytes induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Adipogenesis regulation by inhibiting adipogenic differentiation and ROS production has been selected as the strategy to treat obesity. The conventional anti-obesity drugs allowed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have severe adverse effects. Therefore, various natural products have been developed as a solution for obesity, suppressing adipogenic differentiation. Fraxetin is a major component extracted from the stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, with various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial functions. However, the effect of fraxetin on adipogenesis is still not clearly understood. We studied the pharmacological functions of fraxetin in suppressing lipid accumulation and its underlying molecular mechanisms involving 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Moreover, increased ROS production induced by a mixture of insulin, dexamethasone, and 3-isobutylmethylxanthine (MDI) in 3T3-L1 was attenuated by fraxetin during adipogenesis. These effects were regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, our findings imply that fraxetin possesses inhibitory roles in adipogenesis and can be a potential anti-obesity drug.
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11
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Lin H, Ma X, Sun Y, Peng H, Wang Y, Thomas SS, Hu Z. Decoding the transcriptome of denervated muscle at single-nucleus resolution. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2102-2117. [PMID: 35726356 PMCID: PMC9398230 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity under both physiological and pathological conditions. One major manifestation of this plasticity is muscle atrophy that is an adaptive response to catabolic stimuli. Because the heterogeneous transcriptome responses to catabolism in different types of muscle cells are not fully characterized, we applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to unveil muscle atrophy related transcriptional changes at single nucleus resolution. METHODS Using a sciatic denervation mouse model of muscle atrophy, snRNA-seq was performed to generate single-nucleus transcriptional profiles of the gastrocnemius muscle from normal and denervated mice. Various bioinformatics analyses, including unsupervised clustering, functional enrichment analysis, trajectory analysis, regulon inference, metabolic signature characterization and cell-cell communication prediction, were applied to illustrate the transcriptome changes of the individual cell types. RESULTS A total of 29 539 muscle nuclei (normal vs. denervation: 15 739 vs. 13 800) were classified into 13 nuclear types according to the known cell markers. Among these, the type IIb myonuclei were further divided into two subgroups, which we designated as type IIb1 and type IIb2 myonuclei. In response to denervation, the proportion of type IIb2 myonuclei increased sharply (78.12% vs. 38.45%, P < 0.05). Concomitantly, trajectory analysis revealed that denervated type IIb2 myonuclei clearly deviated away from the normal type IIb2 myonuclei, indicating that this subgroup underwent robust transcriptional reprogramming upon denervation. Signature genes in denervated type IIb2 myonuclei included Runx1, Gadd45a, Igfn1, Robo2, Dlg2, and Sh3d19 (P < 0.001). The gene regulatory network analysis captured a group of atrophy-related regulons (Foxo3, Runx1, Elk4, and Bhlhe40) whose activities were enhanced (P < 0.01), especially in the type IIb2 myonuclei. The metabolic landscape in the myonuclei showed that most of the metabolic pathways were down-regulated by denervation (P < 0.001), while some of the metabolic signalling, such as glutathione metabolism, was specifically activated in the denervated type IIb2 myonulei. We also investigated the transcriptomic alterations in the type I myofibres, muscle stem cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, macrophages, endothelial cells and pericytes and characterized their signature responses to denervation. By predicting the cell-cell interactions, we observed that the communications between myofibres and muscle resident cells were diminished by denervation. CONCLUSIONS Our results define the myonuclear transition, metabolic remodelling, and gene regulation networks reprogramming associated with denervation-induced muscle atrophy and illustrate the molecular basis of the heterogeneity and plasticity of muscle cells in response to catabolism. These results provide a useful resource for exploring the molecular mechanism of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sandhya Sara Thomas
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Li X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li Y, He C, Zhu J, Xiong Y, Lin Y. RNA-seq analysis reveals the positive role of KLF5 in the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocyte in goats. Gene 2022; 808:145969. [PMID: 34530084 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As the largest energy storage reservoir, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) stores excess lipids by adipocytes enlargement and/or recruitment of new precursor cells. Energy overload can cause ectopic fat deposition and metabolic diseases. In this study, 6814 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in goat subcutaneous preadipocytes and mature adipocytes by RNA-seq technique. The relative expression of the DEGs were verified by qPCR, such as PLIN2, MECR, ADCY7, PEBP1 and KLF5, and their expression level was found to be consistent with the trend of RNA-seq analysis. The KLF5 was selected for further functional verification. Overexpression of KLF5 promoted both the adipogenesis and the differentiation of preadipocytes, while the expression of preadipocyte marker gene: preadipocyte factor 1(Pref1) was decreased, as well as, peroxisome proliferator activation Receptor γ(PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein β(C/EBPβ) and Sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1(SREBP1) were increased. On the contrary, the interference of KLF5 could reduce adipogenesis, enhance the expression of Pref1, and reduce the expression of C/EBPβ and SREBP1. Our research provides a basic reference for revealing the mechanism of subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China
| | - Changsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Education Ministry, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation of Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China; College of Animal & Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, China.
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13
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Björk C, Subramanian N, Liu J, Acosta JR, Tavira B, Eriksson AB, Arner P, Laurencikiene J. An RNAi Screening of Clinically Relevant Transcription Factors Regulating Human Adipogenesis and Adipocyte Metabolism. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272286. [PMID: 33963396 PMCID: PMC8197287 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Healthy hyperplasic (many but smaller fat cells) white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion is mediated by recruitment, proliferation and/or differentiation of new fat cells. This process (adipogenesis) is controlled by transcriptional programs that have been mostly identified in rodents. OBJECTIVE A systemic investigation of adipogenic human transcription factors (TFs) that are relevant for metabolic conditions has not been revealed previously. METHODS TFs regulated in WAT by obesity, adipose morphology, cancer cachexia, and insulin resistance were selected from microarrays. Their role in differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASC) was investigated by RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Lipid accumulation, cell number, and lipolysis were measured for all screened factors (148 TFs). RNA (RNAseq), protein (Western blot) expression, insulin, and catecholamine responsiveness were examined in hASC following siRNA treatment of selected target TFs. RESULTS Analysis of TFs regulated by metabolic conditions in human WAT revealed that many of them belong to adipogenesis-regulating pathways. The RNAi screen identified 39 genes that affected fat cell differentiation in vitro, where 11 genes were novel. Of the latter JARID2 stood out as being necessary for formation of healthy fat cell metabolic phenotype by regulating expression of multiple fat cell phenotype-specific genes. CONCLUSION This comprehensive RNAi screening in hASC suggests that a large proportion of WAT TFs that are impacted by metabolic conditions might be important for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion. The screen also identified JARID2 as a novel TF essential for the development of functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Björk
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Narmadha Subramanian
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Juan Ramon Acosta
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Anders B Eriksson
- Karolinska High Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
| | - Jurga Laurencikiene
- Lipid laboratory, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jurga Laurencikiene, PhD, Karolinska Institutet, Lipid laboratory, Dept. of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), NEO, Hälsovägen 9/Blickagången 16, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden.
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14
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Xu H, Jiang Y, Miao XM, Tao YX, Xie L, Li Y. A Model Construction of Starvation Induces Hepatic Steatosis and Transcriptome Analysis in Zebrafish Larvae. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:92. [PMID: 33513687 PMCID: PMC7911188 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis caused by starvation, resulting in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has been a research topic of human clinical and animal experiments. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the triggering of abnormal liver metabolism by starvation, thus inducing hepatic lipid accumulation, we used zebrafish larvae to establish a starvation-induced hepatic steatosis model and conducted comparative transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq. We demonstrated that the incidence of larvae steatosis is positively correlated with starvation time. Under starvation conditions, the fatty acid transporter (slc27a2a and slc27a6-like) and fatty acid translocase (cd36) were up-regulated significantly to promote extrahepatic fatty acid uptake. Meanwhile, starvation inhibits the hepatic fatty acid metabolism pathway but activates the de novo lipogenesis pathway to a certain extent. More importantly, we detected that the expression of numerous apolipoprotein genes was downregulated and the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was inhibited significantly. These data suggest that starvation induces hepatic steatosis by promoting extrahepatic fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis, and inhibits hepatic fatty acid metabolism and lipid transport. Furthermore, we found that starvation-induced hepatic steatosis in zebrafish larvae can be rescued by targeting the knockout cd36 gene. In summary, these findings will help us understand the pathogenesis of starvation-induced NAFLD and provide important theoretical evidence that cd36 could serve as a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiao-Min Miao
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
| | - Yi-Xi Tao
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
| | - Lang Xie
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.X.); (Y.J.); (X.-M.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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15
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Ganbold M, Ferdousi F, Arimura T, Tominaga K, Isoda H. New Amphiphilic Squalene Derivative Improves Metabolism of Adipocytes Differentiated From Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Prevents Excessive Lipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577259. [PMID: 33251210 PMCID: PMC7672044 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene (Sq) is a natural compound, found in various plant oils, algae, and larger quantity in deep-sea shark liver. It is also known as an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis in plants and animals including humans. Although evidences demonstrated its antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects, its biological effects in cellular function might have been underestimated because of the water-insoluble property. To overcome this hydrophobicity, we synthesized new amphiphilic Sq derivative (HH-Sq). On the other hand, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a valuable source in regenerative medicine for its ease of accessibility and multilineage differentiation potential. Nevertheless, impaired cellular functions of ASCs derived from diabetic donor have still been debated controversially. In this study, we explored the effect of the HH-Sq in comparison to Sq on the adipocyte differentiation of ASCs obtained from subjects with type 2 diabetes. Gene expression profile by microarray analysis at 14 days of adipogenic differentiation revealed that HH-Sq induced more genes involved in intracellular signaling processes, whereas Sq activated more transmembrane receptor pathway-related genes. In addition, more important number of down-regulated and up-regulated genes by Sq and HH-Sq were not overlapped, suggesting the compounds might not only have difference in their chemical property but also potentially exert different biological effects. Both Sq and HH-Sq improved metabolism of adipocytes by enhancing genes associated with energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, SIRT1, PRKAA2, and IRS1. Interestingly, Sq increased significantly early adipogenic markers and lipogenic gene expression such as PPARG, SREBF1, and CEBPA, but not HH-Sq. As a consequence, smaller and fewer lipid droplet formation was observed in HH-Sq-treated adipocytes. Based on our findings, we report that both Sq and HH-Sq improved adipocyte metabolism, but only HH-Sq prevented excessive lipogenesis without abrogating adipocyte differentiation. The beneficial effect of HH-Sq provides an importance of synthesized derivatives from a natural compound with therapeutic potentials in the application of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzul Ganbold
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Arimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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García-Niño WR, Zazueta C. New insights of Krüppel-like transcription factors in adipogenesis and the role of their regulatory neighbors. Life Sci 2020; 265:118763. [PMID: 33189819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious public health problem associated with predisposition to develop metabolic diseases. Over the past decade, several studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that the activity of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) regulates adipogenesis, adipose tissue function and metabolism. Comprehension of both the origin and development of adipocytes and of adipose tissue could provide new insights into therapeutic strategies to contend against obesity and related metabolic diseases. This review focus on the transcriptional role that KLF family members play during adipocyte differentiation, describes their main interactions and the mechanisms involved in this fine-tuned developmental process. We also summarize new findings of the involvement of several effectors that modulate KLFs expression during adipogenesis, including growth factors, circadian clock proteins, interleukins, nuclear receptors, protein kinases and importantly, microRNAs. Thus, KLFs regulation by these factors and emerging molecules might constitute a potential therapeutic target for anti-obesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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17
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Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, Kanitz E, Weitzel JM, Hoeflich A, Starke A, Tröscher A, Sauerwein H, Hammon HM. Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:12069-12082. [PMID: 32981718 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly α-linolenic acid (ALA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on metabolic and endocrine traits related to energy metabolism, including the somatotropic axis, in mid-lactation dairy cows. Four cows (126 ± 4 d in milk) were used in a dose-escalation study design and were abomasally infused with coconut oil (CTRL; 38.3 g/d; providing saturated fatty acids), linseed and safflower oils (EFA; 39.1 and 1.6 g/d; n-6:n-3 FA ratio = 1:3), Lutalin (CLA; cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 4.6 g/d of each), or EFA and CLA (EFA+CLA) for 6 wk. The initial dosage was doubled twice after 2 wk, resulting in 3 dosages (dosages 1, 2, and 3). Each cow received each fat treatment at different times. Cows were fed with a corn silage-based total mixed ration providing a low-fat content and a high n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones (insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins only on wk 0 and 6) were analyzed at wk 0, 2, 4, and 6 of each treatment period. Liver biopsies were taken before starting the trial and at wk 6 of each treatment period to measure hepatic mRNA abundance of genes linked to glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and the somatotropic axis. The changes in the milk and blood fatty acid patterns and lactation performance of these cows have already been published in a companion paper. The plasma concentration of total cholesterol increased with dosage in all groups, except CLA, reaching the highest levels in EFA+CLA and CTRL compared with CLA. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol plasma concentration increased in CTRL and was higher than that in EFA and CLA, whereas the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in a dose-dependent manner in EFA and EFA+CLA, and was higher than that in CLA. Hepatic mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 1 was upregulated in all groups but was highest in EFA+CLA. Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 tended to be lowest due to EFA treatment, whereas expression of long chain acyl-CoA-synthetase was lower in EFA than in CTRL. Hepatic mRNA expression of GHR1A tended to be higher in EFA+CLA than in CTRL. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I increased in CLA, and the plasma IGFBP-2 concentration was lower in EFA+CLA than in CTRL at wk 6. The plasma concentration of adiponectin decreased in EFA+CLA up to dosage 2. Plasma concentrations of albumin and urea were lower in CLA than in CTRL throughout the experimental period. Supplementation with EFA and CLA affected cholesterol and lipid metabolism and their regulation differently, indicating distinct stimulation after the combined EFA and CLA treatment. The decreased IGFBP-2 plasma concentration and upregulated hepatic mRNA abundance of GHR1A in EFA+CLA-supplemented cows indicated the beneficial effect of the combined EFA and CLA treatment on the somatotropic axis in mid-lactation dairy cows. Moreover, supplementation with CLA might affect protein metabolism in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haubold
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C Kröger-Koch
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J M Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology of Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology and Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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18
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Vohra MS, Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Parhar IS, Wong EH. Murine in vitro cellular models to better understand adipogenesis and its potential applications. Differentiation 2020; 115:62-84. [PMID: 32891960 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis has been extensively studied using in vitro models of cellular differentiation, enabling long-term regulation of fat cell metabolism in human adipose tissue (AT) material. Many studies promote the idea that manipulation of this process could potentially reduce the prevalence of obesity and its related diseases. It has now become essential to understand the molecular basis of fat cell development to tackle this pandemic disease, by identifying therapeutic targets and new biomarkers. This review explores murine cell models and their applications for study of the adipogenic differentiation process in vitro. We focus on the benefits and limitations of different cell line models to aid in interpreting data and selecting a good cell line model for successful understanding of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, PJ 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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19
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Tumpara S, Martinez-Delgado B, Gomez-Mariano G, Liu B, DeLuca DS, Korenbaum E, Jonigk D, Jugert F, Wurm FM, Wurm MJ, Welte T, Janciauskiene S. The Delivery of α1-Antitrypsin Therapy Through Transepidermal Route: Worthwhile to Explore. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:983. [PMID: 32719598 PMCID: PMC7348051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α1-antitrypsin (AAT) is an abundant acute phase glycoprotein expressing anti-protease and immunomodulatory activities, and is used as a biopharmaceutical to treat patients with inherited AAT deficiency. The pleiotropic properties of AAT provide a rationale for using this therapy outside of inherited AAT deficiency. Therapy with AAT is administrated intravenously, yet the alternative routes are being considered. To examine the putative transepidermal application of AAT we used epiCS®, the 3D human epidermis equivalents reconstructed from human primary epidermal keratinocytes. We topically applied various concentrations of AAT protein with a constant volume of 50 µl, prepared in Hank's balance solution, HBSS, to epiCS cultured under bas\al condition or when culture medium supplemented with 100 µg/ml of a combined bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) mixture. AAT freely diffused across epidermis layers in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Within 18 h topically provided 0.2 mg AAT penetrated well the stratum corneum and localizes within the keratinocytes. The treatments with AAT did not induce obvious morphological changes and damages in keratinocyte layers. As expected, LPS/PGN triggered a strong pro-inflammatory activation of epiCS. AAT exhibited a limited capacity to neutralize the effect of LPS/PGN, but more importantly, it lowered expression of IL-18 and IL-8, and preserved levels of filaggrin, a key protein for maintaining the epidermal barrier integrity. Our findings suggest that the transepidermal route for delivering AAT is worthwhile to explore further. If successful, this approach may offer an easy-to-use therapy with AAT for skin inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Tumpara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Gomez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David S DeLuca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Korenbaum
- Research Core Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Jugert
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian M Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, Monthey, Switzerland.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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20
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Sun Z, Yang X, Liu QS, Li C, Zhou Q, Fiedler H, Liao C, Zhang J, Jiang G. Butylated hydroxyanisole isomers induce distinct adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 379:120794. [PMID: 31238218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) isomers, as the widely used anthropogenic antioxidants in food, have been revealed to induce endocrine disrupting effects, while the mechanism how BHA isomers regulate the lipogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated. Using 3T3-L1 differentiation model, the effects of BHA isomers, including 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (2-BHA), 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) and their mixture (BHA), on adipogenesis were tested. The results showed that 3-BHA and BHA promoted adipocyte differentiation and enhanced the cellular lipid accumulation through the regulation of the transcriptional and protein levels of the adipogenetic biomarkers, while 2-BHA had no effect. The effective window for 3-BHA induced lipogenesis was the first four days during 3T3-L1 differentiation. BHA isomers showed no binding affinities for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Instead, the upstream of PPARγ signaling pathway, i.e. the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), upregulation of CAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) and elevated cell proliferation during postconfluent mitosis stage were induced by 3-BHA exposure. Altogether, this study revealed the adipogenic effect of 3-BHA through interference with the upstream events of the PPARγ signaling pathway. The authorized usage of BHA as food additives and its occurrence in human sera can potentially contribute to the incidence of obesity, which is of high concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; UN Environment (UNEP), Chemicals Branch, CH-1219 Châtelaine GE, Switzerland
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of POPs Lab, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Volz AC, Omengo B, Gehrke S, Kluger PJ. Comparing the use of differentiated adipose-derived stem cells and mature adipocytes to model adipose tissue in vitro. Differentiation 2019; 110:19-28. [PMID: 31568881 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models of human adipose tissue may serve as beneficial alternatives to animal models to study basic biological processes, identify new drug targets, and as soft tissue implants. With this approach, we aimed to evaluate adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and mature adipocytes (MA) comparatively for the application in the in vitro setup of adipose tissue constructs to imitate native adipose tissue physiology. We used human primary MAs and human ASCs, differentiated for 14 days, and encapsulated them in collagen type I hydrogels to build up a three-dimensional (3D) adipose tissue model. The maintenance of the models was analyzed after seven days based on a viability staining. Further, the expression of the adipocyte specific protein perilipin A and the release of leptin and glycerol were evaluated. Gene transcription profiles of models based on dASCs and MAs were analyzed with regard to native adipose tissue. Compared to MAs, dASCs showed an immature differentiation state. Further, gene transcription of MAs suggests a behavior closer to native tissue in terms of angiogenesis, which supports MAs as preferred cell type. In contrast to native adipose tissue, genes of de novo lipogenesis and tissue remodeling were upregulated in the in vitro attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany; University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Omengo
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandra Gehrke
- Research & Development, Research Special Skincare, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Juliane Kluger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Cell and Tissue Engineering, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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22
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Kuri-Harcuch W, Velez-delValle C, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Fernandez-Sanchez V. A cellular perspective of adipogenesis transcriptional regulation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1111-1129. [PMID: 30146705 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose cells store lipids in the cytoplasm and signal systemically through secretion of adipokines and other molecules that regulate body energy metabolism. Differentiation of fat cells and its regulation has been the focus of extensive research since the early 1970s. In this review, we had attempted to examine the research bearing on the control of adipose cell differentiation, some of it dating back to the early days when Howard Green and his group described the preadipocyte cell lines 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A during 1974-1975. We also concentrated our attention on research published during the last few years, emphasizing data described on transcription factors that regulate adipose differentiation, outside of those that were reported earlier as part of the canonical adipogenic transcriptional cascade, which has been the subject of ample reviews by several groups of researchers. We focused on the studies carried out with the two preadipocyte cell culture models, the 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells that have provided essential data on adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Kumar R, Litoff EJ, Boswell WT, Baldwin WS. High fat diet induced obesity is mitigated in Cyp3a-null female mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:129-140. [PMID: 29738703 PMCID: PMC6717702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate a role for the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X-receptor (PXR), and hepatic xenobiotic detoxifying CYPs in fatty liver disease or obesity. Therefore, we examined whether Cyp3a-null mice show increased obesity and fatty liver disease following 8-weeks of exposure to a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Surprisingly, HFD-fed Cyp3a-null females fed a HFD gained 50% less weight than wild-type (WT; B6) females fed a HFD. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males gained more weight than WT males, primarily during the first few weeks of HFD-treatment. Cyp3a-null females also recovered faster than WT females from a glucose tolerance test; males showed no difference in glucose tolerance between the groups. Serum concentrations of the anti-obesity hormone, adiponectin are 60% higher and β-hydroxybutyrate levels are nearly 50% lower in Cyp3a-null females than WT females, in agreement with reduced weight gain, faster glucose response, and reduced ketogenesis. In contrast, Cyp3a-null males have higher liver triglyceride concentrations and lipidomic analysis indicates an increase in phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. None of these changes were observed in females. Last, Pxr, Cyp2b, and IL-6 expression increased in Cyp3a-null females following HFD-treatment. Cyp2b and Fatp1 increased, while Pxr, Cpt1a, Srebp1 and Fasn decreased in Cyp3a-null males following a HFD, indicating compensatory biochemical responses in male (and to a lesser extent) female mice fed a HFD. In conclusion, lack of Cyp3a has a positive effect on acclimation to a HFD in females as it improves weight gain, glucose response and ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiya Kumar
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Litoff
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - W Tyler Boswell
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - William S Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; Environmental Toxicology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
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24
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Dual Effects of Metformin on Adipogenic Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte in AMPK-Dependent and Independent Manners. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061547. [PMID: 29789508 PMCID: PMC6032223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been reported to have body weight lowering effects while treating type 2 diabetes. However, limited studies examined the effects of metformin on adipogenesis in vitro, and available data are inconclusive and contradictory. In this study, we examined the effects of a variety of concentrations of metformin on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and found metformin exhibits a dual effect on adipogenesis. Metformin at lower concentrations (1.25–2.5 mM) significantly induced adipogenesis while at higher concentrations (5–10 mM) metformin significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. The biphasic effect of different doses of metformin on adipogenesis was accompanied by increasing or decreasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Furthermore, only the higher concentrations of metformin induced the phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and Akt. Pretreatment with compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, significantly countered high concentration of metformin-induced inhibition of adipogenesis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the effect of metformin on adipocyte differentiation is biphasic and dose-dependent. Lower concentrations of metformin induce adipogenesis, which could be mediated in an AMPK-independent manner, while higher concentrations of metformin inhibit adipogenesis via AMPK activation.
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Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis are controlled by sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs). In addition to performing canonical functions in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of lipids, genome-wide system analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of convergence and divergence within biological signalling networks. Thus, they are involved in myriad physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in biology. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signalling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. In addition, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, and in this way, they contribute to obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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26
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Yang H, Zhang X, Liu F, Fan J, Wang B, Dong C. SREBP1-driven lipid desaturation supports clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth through regulation of NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1383-1388. [PMID: 29183723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of kidney cancers, is an incurable and lethal disease. Although great progresses have been made in understanding the mechanism of ccRCC, metabolic reprogramming in ccRCC remains largely unclear. Here, we showed that lipid desatutation might be a metabolic hallmark of ccRCC. We demonstrated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is overexpressed in ccRCC cell lines and positively correlated with NF-κB activation. Further, SREBP1 is required for lipid desaturation and cell growth in ccRCC. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SREBP1-driven lipid desaturation promotes NF-κB activation. Our finding reveals a crucial roles for SREBP1 in lipid desaturation of ccRCC through regulation of NF-κB signaling, which provides not only new insights in regulatory mode of NF-κB signaling but also a novel target for potential metabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Hanchuan People's Hospital, China
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Hanchuan People's Hospital, China
| | | | | | - Chuanjiang Dong
- Department of Urology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, China; Department of Urology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang City, China.
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Prep1 prevents premature adipogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15573. [PMID: 29138456 PMCID: PMC5686065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators are crucial in adipocyte differentiation. We now show that the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Prep1 is a repressor of adipogenic differentiation since its down-regulation (DR) in both ex vivo bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and in vitro 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly increases their adipogenic differentiation ability. Prep1 acts at a stage preceding the activation of the differentiation machinery because its DR makes cells more prone to adipogenic differentiation even in the absence of the adipogenic inducers. Prep1 DR expands the DNA binding landscape of C/EBPβ (CCAAT enhancer binding protein β) without affecting its expression or activation. The data indicate that Prep1 normally acts by restricting DNA binding of transcription factors to adipogenic enhancers, in particular C/EBPβ.
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Mo D, Yu K, Chen H, Chen L, Liu X, He Z, Cong P, Chen Y. Transcriptome Landscape of Porcine Intramuscular Adipocytes during Differentiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6317-6328. [PMID: 28673084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte differentiation process, controlled by a tightly regulated transcriptional cascade, contributes partly to determine intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) mass, which is associated with meat quality in food animals, as well as obesity and related metabolic complications in human. Thus, this study aimed to characterize genes critical for intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation. Primary intramuscular preadipocytes were isolated from pigs, and mRNA profiles were performed at several key points (0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 1 day, 2 days, and 6 days) during adipogenesis using microarrays. By gene functional analysis, we identified numerous differentially expressed genes among distinct stages of intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, which included numbers of transcription factors in the early stages. We obtained 4 clusters of differential gene expression pattern, including crucial candidate genes associated with adipogenesis of intramuscular adipocytes. Further, we demonstrated that POSTN and FGFR4 suppressed, whereas AKR1CL1 promoted, the expression of adipogenic marker PPARγ and C/EBPα. Taken together, our data delineated the transcriptome landscape during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, which provided a valuable resource for finding the genes responsible for IMAT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
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Elrayess MA, Almuraikhy S, Kafienah W, Al-Menhali A, Al-Khelaifi F, Bashah M, Zarkovic K, Zarkovic N, Waeg G, Alsayrafi M, Jaganjac M. 4-hydroxynonenal causes impairment of human subcutaneous adipogenesis and induction of adipocyte insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:129-137. [PMID: 28088621 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased adipose production of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a bioreactive aldehyde, directly correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of 4-HNE in mediating adipocyte differentiation and function in two metabolically distinct obese groups; the insulin sensitive (IS) and the insulin resistant (IR). METHODS Subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues were obtained from eighteen clinically well characterized obese premenopausal women undergoing weight reduction surgery. Cellular distribution of 4-HNE in the form of protein adducts was determined by immunohistochemistry in addition to its effect on oxidative stress, cell growth, adipogenic capacity and insulin signaling in preadipocytes derived from the IS and IR participants. RESULTS 4-HNE was detected in the SC adipose tissue in different cell types with the highest level detected in adipocytes and blood vessels. Short and long-term in vitro treatment of SC preadipocytes with 4-HNE caused inhibition of their growth and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes. Repeated 4-HNE treatment led to a greater reduction in the adipogenic capacity of preadipocytes from IS subjects compared to IR and caused dephosphorylation of IRS-1 and p70S6K while activating GSK3α/β and BAD, triggering an IR phenotype. CONCLUSION These data suggest that 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress plays a role in the regulation of preadipocyte growth, differentiation and insulin signaling and may therefore contribute to adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamma Almuraikhy
- Anti Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City, Doha, Qatar; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Wael Kafienah
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Moataz Bashah
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Department of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Georg Waeg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Jagannathan L, Jose CC, Tanwar VS, Bhattacharya S, Cuddapah S. Identification of a unique gene expression signature in mercury and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin co-exposed cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:312-323. [PMID: 29057067 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are major environmental contaminants that commonly co-occur in the environment. Both Hg and TCDD are associated with a number of human diseases including cancers. While the individual toxicological effects of Hg and TCDD have been extensively investigated, studies on co-exposure are limited to a few genes and pathways. Therefore, a significant knowledge gap exists in the understanding of the deleterious effects of co-exposure to Hg and TCDD. Due to the prevalence of Hg and TCDD co-contamination in the environment and the major human health hazards they pose, it is important to obtain a fuller understanding of genome-wide effects of Hg and TCDD co-exposure. In this study, by performing a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to Hg and TCDD individually and in combination, we have uncovered a subset of genes with altered expression only in the co-exposed cells. We also identified the additive as well as antagonistic effects of Hg and TCDD on gene expression. Moreover, we found that co-exposure impacted several biological and disease processes not affected by Hg or TCDD individually. Our studies show that the consequences of Hg and TCDD co-exposure on the transcriptional program and biological processes could be substantially different from single exposures, thus providing new insights into the co-exposure-specific pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmanan Jagannathan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, 10987, USA
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Doğan A, Demirci S, Kıratlı B, Şahin F. Cytoglobin: a potential marker for adipogenic differentiation in preadipocytes in vitro. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:157-165. [PMID: 27928650 PMCID: PMC5264631 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, mainly characterized by the excess fat storage, is a global health problem resulting in serious morbidity and mortality. Identification of molecular mechanisms in adipogenic differentiation pathway might lead to development of new strategies for diagnosis, prevention and therapy of obesity and associated diseases. Discovery of new genes and proteins in the differentiation pathway could help to understand the key specific regulators of the adipogenesis. Cytoglobin (Cygb), identified as a new globin family member protein, is expressed in various tissues. Although its interaction with oxygen and nitric oxide indicates the potential role in antioxidant pathways, the exact role remains unclear. In the current study, expression level of Cygb was determined in proliferating and differentiating 3T3-F442A cells by gene expression and protein expression analysis. Results revealed that Cygb expression up-regulated in differentiated cells in parallel with adipogenic differentiation markers; PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4 expressions. Besides, Cygb overexpression in preadipocytes contributed to the adipogenic differentiation as verified by detection of higher lipid droplets and increased PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4 expressions with respect to control cells. These findings will shed light on the unknown roles of Cygb in adipogenesis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Doğan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad. 26 Agustos Yerlesimi, Atasehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
- CDBL, National Cancer Instıtute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad. 26 Agustos Yerlesimi, Atasehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey.
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Binnur Kıratlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad. 26 Agustos Yerlesimi, Atasehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi Cad. 26 Agustos Yerlesimi, Atasehir, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
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Boucher JG, Gagné R, Rowan-Carroll A, Boudreau A, Yauk CL, Atlas E. Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Induce Distinct Transcriptional Profiles in Differentiating Human Primary Preadipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163318. [PMID: 27685785 PMCID: PMC5042406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is increasingly used as a replacement plasticizer for bisphenol A (BPA) but its effects on human health have not been thoroughly examined. Recent evidence indicates that both BPA and BPS induce adipogenesis, although the mechanisms leading to this effect are unclear. In an effort to identify common and distinct mechanisms of action in inducing adipogenesis, transcriptional profiles of differentiating human preadipocytes exposed to BPA or BPS were compared. Human subcutaneous primary preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of either 25 μM BPA or BPS for 2 and 4 days. Poly-A RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional analysis of DEGs was undertaken in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. BPA-treatment resulted in 472 and 176 DEGs on days 2 and 4, respectively, affecting pathways such as liver X receptor (LXR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation, hepatic fibrosis and cholestasis. BPS-treatment resulted in 195 and 51 DEGs on days 2 and 4, respectively, revealing enrichment of genes associated with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism including the adipogenesis pathway and cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, the transcription repressor N-CoR was identified as a negative upstream regulator in both BPA- and BPS-treated cells. This study presents the first comparison of BPA- and BPS-induced transcriptional profiles in human differentiating preadipocytes. While we previously showed that BPA and BPS both induce adipogenesis, the results from this study show that BPS affects adipose specific transcriptional changes earlier than BPA, and alters the expression of genes specifically related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The findings provide insight into potential BPS and BPA-mediated mechanisms of action in inducing adipogenesis in human primary preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Boucher
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rémi Gagné
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adèle Boudreau
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Columbine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Boucher JG, Ahmed S, Atlas E. Bisphenol S Induces Adipogenesis in Primary Human Preadipocytes From Female Donors. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1397-407. [PMID: 27003841 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to bisphenol A has been associated with negative health outcomes in humans and its use is now regulated in a number of countries. Bisphenol S (BPS) is increasingly used as a replacement for bisphenol A; however, its effects on cellular metabolism and potential role as an endocrine disruptor have not been fully characterized. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of BPS on adipogenesis in primary human preadipocytes. The effect of BPS on the differentiation of human preadipocytes was determined after treatment with BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 25 μM by quantifying lipid accumulation and mRNA and protein levels of key adipogenic markers. Treatment of preadipocytes with 25 μM BPS induced lipid accumulation and increased the mRNA and protein levels of several adipogenic markers including lipoprotein lipase and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2). Cotreatment of cells with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182,780 significantly inhibited BPS-induced lipid accumulation and affected aP2 but not lipoprotein lipase protein levels. Cotreatment of cells with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 had no effect on BPS-induced lipid accumulation or protein levels. Furthermore, reporter gene assays using a synthetic promoter containing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG)-response elements and a PPARG-responsive human aP2 promoter region showed that BPS was able to activate PPARG. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that BPS induces lipid accumulation and differentiation of primary human preadipocytes, and this effect may be mediated through a PPARG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Boucher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Shaimaa Ahmed
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
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Titz B, Boué S, Phillips B, Talikka M, Vihervaara T, Schneider T, Nury C, Elamin A, Guedj E, Peck MJ, Schlage WK, Cabanski M, Leroy P, Vuillaume G, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Veljkovic E, Ekroos K, Laaksonen R, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Cessation, and Switching to Two Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Lung Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 and Apoe-/- Mice-An Integrative Systems Toxicology Analysis. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149:441-57. [PMID: 26582801 PMCID: PMC4725611 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of cigarette smoke (CS), a major cause of lung diseases, on the composition and metabolism of lung lipids is incompletely understood. Here, we integrated quantitative lipidomics and proteomics to investigate exposure effects on lung lipid metabolism in a C57BL/6 and an Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) mouse study. In these studies, mice were exposed to high concentrations of 3R4F reference CS, aerosol from potential modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) or filtered air (Sham) for up to 8 months. The 2 assessed MRTPs, the prototypical MRTP for C57BL/6 mice and the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 for Apoe(-/-) mice, utilize "heat-not-burn" technologies and were each matched in nicotine concentrations to the 3R4F CS. After 2 months of CS exposure, some groups were either switched to the MRTP or underwent cessation. In both mouse strains, CS strongly affected several categories of lung lipids and lipid-related proteins. Candidate surfactant lipids, surfactant proteins, and surfactant metabolizing proteins were increased. Inflammatory eicosanoids, their metabolic enzymes, and several ceramide classes were elevated. Overall, CS induced a coordinated lipid response controlled by transcription regulators such as SREBP proteins and supported by other metabolic adaptations. In contrast, most of these changes were absent in the mice exposed to the potential MRTPs, in the cessation group, and the switching group. Our findings demonstrate the complex biological response of the lungs to CS exposure and support the benefits of cessation or switching to a heat-not-burn product using a design such as those employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland; *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, 50 Science Park Road, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Marja Talikka
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schneider
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Peck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Cabanski
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Emilija Veljkovic
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Biologinkuja 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- *Philip Morris International Research and Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
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Li A, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Fu C, Wang M, Zan L. Tissue expression analysis, cloning, and characterization of the 5′-regulatory region of the bovine fatty acid binding protein 4 gene1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5144-52. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Z. Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - C. Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - M. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - L. Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China 712100
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Cervantes-Camacho C, Beltrán-Langarica A, Ochoa-Uribe AK, Marsch-Moreno M, Ayala-Sumuano JT, Velez-delValle C, Kuri-Harcuch W. The transient expression of Klf4 and Klf5 during adipogenesis depends on GSK3β activity. Adipocyte 2015; 4:248-55. [PMID: 26451280 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1007823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex cascade of transcriptional factors, among them KLF4. This factor was previously shown to be necessary for adipose differentiation. We found that GSK3β activity was required for Klf4 and Klf5 expression during adipogenesis. In addition, retinoic acid inhibited Klf4 and Klf5 expression but not that of Cebpb. Protein synthesis inhibition showed that the transient expression of Klf4, Cebpb and Klf5 during early adipogenesis seemed to require a yet unknown protein for their repression. We also found that Klf4 forced expression in 3T3-F442A cells cultured under non-adipogenic conditions did not induce adipogenesis, nor the expression of Cebpb or Klf5, a Cebpb target gene, showing that KLF4 was not sufficient for adipose differentiation to take place. This would suggest that a more complex combination of molecular pathways not yet understood, is involved during early adipogenesis.
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Ayala-Sumuano JT, Vélez-DelValle C, Marsch-Moreno M, Beltrán-Langarica A, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Kuri-Harcuch W. Retinoic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis Modulating C/EBPβ Phosphorylation and Down Regulating Srebf1a Expression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:629-37. [PMID: 26271478 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis comprises a complex network of signaling pathways and transcriptional cascades; the GSK3β-C/EBPβ-srebf1a axis is a critical signaling pathway at early stages leading to the expression of PPARγ2, the master regulator of adipose differentiation. Previous work has demonstrated that retinoic acid inhibits adipogenesis affecting different signaling pathways. Here, we evaluated the anti-adipogenic effect of retinoic acid on the adipogenic transcriptional cascade, and the expression of adipogenic genes cebpb, srebf1a, srebf1c, pparg2, and cebpa. Our results demonstrate that retinoic acid blocks adipose differentiation during commitment, returning cells to an apparent non-committed state, since they have to be newly induced to adipose conversion after the retinoid is removed from the culture medium. Retinoic acid down regulates the expression of the adipogenic genes, srebf1a, srebf1c, pparg2, and cebpa; however, it did not down regulate the expression of cebpb, but it inhibited C/EBPβ phosphorylation at Thr188, a critical step for the progression of the adipogenic program. We also found that RA inhibition of adipogenesis did not increase the expression of dlk1, the gene encoding for Pref1, a well-known anti-adipogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge-Tonatiuh Ayala-Sumuano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd, Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Cristina Vélez-DelValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Meytha Marsch-Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Beltrán-Langarica
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bionaz M, Monaco E, Wheeler MB. Transcription Adaptation during In Vitro Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Dynamics of Pathways, Biological Processes, Up-Stream Regulators, and Gene Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137644. [PMID: 26398344 PMCID: PMC4580618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for bone regeneration is growing. Among MSC the bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) are considered the gold standard in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; however, the adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have very similar properties and some advantages to be considered a good alternative to BMSC. The molecular mechanisms driving adipogenesis are relatively well-known but mechanisms driving osteogenesis are poorly known, particularly in pig. In the present study we have used transcriptome analysis to unravel pathways and biological functions driving in vitro adipogenesis and osteogenesis in BMSC and ASC. The analysis was performed using the novel Dynamic Impact Approach and functional enrichment analysis. In addition, a k-mean cluster analysis in association with enrichment analysis, networks reconstruction, and transcription factors overlapping analysis were performed in order to uncover the coordination of biological functions underlining differentiations. Analysis indicated a larger and more coordinated transcriptomic adaptation during adipogenesis compared to osteogenesis, with a larger induction of metabolism, particularly lipid synthesis (mostly triglycerides), and a larger use of amino acids for synthesis of feed-forward adipogenic compounds, larger cell signaling, lower cell-to-cell interactions, particularly for the cytoskeleton organization and cell junctions, and lower cell proliferation. The coordination of adipogenesis was mostly driven by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors together with other known adipogenic transcription factors. Only a few pathways and functions were more induced during osteogenesis compared to adipogenesis and some were more inhibited during osteogenesis, such as cholesterol and protein synthesis. Up-stream transcription factor analysis indicated activation of several lipid-related transcription regulators (e.g., PPARs and CEBPα) during adipogenesis but osteogenesis was driven by inhibition of several up-stream regulators, such as MYC. Between MSCs the data indicated an ‘adipocyte memory’ in ASC with also an apparent lower immunogenicity compared to BMSC during differentiations. Overall the analysis allowed proposing a dynamic model for the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in porcine ASC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Elisa Monaco
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Engineering in the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hernández-Mosqueira C, Velez-delValle C, Kuri-Harcuch W. Tissue alkaline phosphatase is involved in lipid metabolism and gene expression and secretion of adipokines in adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2485-96. [PMID: 26391843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline phosphatases are dimeric hydrolytic enzymes that dephosphorylate nucleotides and proteins. AP-TNAP is found primarily in skeletal tissues were it plays a major role in the mineralization of the extracellular matrix and bone formation. METHODS In this study we found through conventional and real time PCR assays that Alpl, the gene encoding for AP-TNAP is expressed in adipose tissue and in 3 T3-F442A adipocytes. We evaluated, using RNAi its role in adipocyte metabolism, and its cytoplasmic location by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Alpl is highly expressed late in adipogenesis during adipose terminal differentiation. Knocking down Alpl increased the expression of the genes encoding for glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and for the adipokines adiponectin, and FABP4 (aP2) but decreased that of leptin, and it also increased secretion of FABP4; these 3 proteins are important in adipocyte systemic signaling and insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity in adipocytes by levamisole reduced lipolysis and the expression of various lipogenic genes. We found the enzyme intracytoplasmically, forming aggregates in close surroundings of the lipid droplets during lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that AP-TNAP activity is involved in lipid and energy metabolism of fat cells, and it might regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity via adipokine synthesis and secretion. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The activity of AP-TNAP might have a critical role in the energy balance of the adipocyte, probably participating in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City, 07000, México
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City, 07000, México
| | - Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City, 07000, México.
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Effects of black adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nutrients 2015; 7:277-92. [PMID: 25569623 PMCID: PMC4303839 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of black adzuki bean (BAB) extract on adipocytes, and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms. In order to examine the proliferation of preadipocytes and differentiating adipocytes, cell viability and DNA content were measured over a period of time. Lipid accumulation during cell differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of BAB on the transcriptional factors involved, with their anti-adipogenic effects, were also identified. We observed that BAB exhibits anti-adipogenic effects through the inhibition of proliferation, thereby lowering mRNA expression of C/EBPβ and suppressing adipogenesis during the early stage of differentiation. This, in turn, resulted in a reduction of TG accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treating the cells with BAB not only suppressed the adipogenesis-associated key transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα but also significantly decreased the mRNA expression of GLUT4, FABP4, LPL and adiponectin. The expression of lipolytic genes like ATGL and HSL were higher in the treatment group than in the control. Overall, the black adzuki bean extract demonstrated an anti-adipogenic property, which makes it a potential dietary supplement for attenuation of obesity.
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Chen H, Mo D, Li M, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang X, Li M, Zhou X, Chen Y. miR-709 inhibits 3T3-L1 cell differentiation by targeting GSK3β of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2583-9. [PMID: 25038456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is tightly regulated by altering gene expression in which microRNAs might be strong post-transcriptional regulators. In this study, we examined the roles of miR-709 in adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. We found that miR-709 expression was down-regulated during adipogenesis after MDI (1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin) stimulation in normal cultured 3T3-L1 cells, while up-regulated after LiCl treatment. Overexpression of miR-709 inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. We demonstrated that miR-709 directly targeted 3' UTR of GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta). Overexpression of miR-709 decreased GSK3β protein but not mRNA level. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-709 could be counteracted by overexpression of GSK3β during 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. In addition, miR-709 increased both protein and mRNA levels of β-catenin, which is the downstream effector of GSK3β in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and subsequently elevated the expression of target of β-catenin which represses adipogenesis. These data indicate that miR-709 inhibits adipocyte differentiation through targeting GSK3β and subsequently activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xumeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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42
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Glucocorticoid paradoxically recruits adipose progenitors and impairs lipid homeostasis and glucose transport in mature adipocytes. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2573. [PMID: 23999235 PMCID: PMC3759838 DOI: 10.1038/srep02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic treatment with glucocorticoids increases the mass of adipose tissue and promotes metabolic syndrome. However little is known about the molecular effects of dexamethasone on adipose biology. Here, we demonstrated that dexamethasone induces progenitor cells to undergo adipogenesis. In the adipogenic pathway, at least two cell types are found: cells with the susceptibility to undergo staurosporine-induced adipose conversion and cells that require both staurosporine and dexamethasone to undergo adipogenesis. Dexamethasone increased and accelerated the expression of main adipogenic genes such as pparg2, cebpa and srebf1c. Also, dexamethasone altered the phosphorylation pattern of C/EBPβ, which is an important transcription factor during adipogenesis. Dexamethasone also had effect on mature adipocytes mature adipocytes causing the downregulation of some lipogenic genes, promoted a lipolysis state, and decreased the uptake of glucose. These paradoxical effects appear to explain the complexity of the action of glucocorticoids, which involves the hyperplasia of adipose cells and insulin resistance.
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Stable SREBP-1a knockdown decreases the cell proliferation rate in human preadipocyte cells without inducing senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Kamstra J, Hruba E, Blumberg B, Janesick A, Mandrup S, Hamers T, Legler J. Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying enhanced in vitro adipocyte differentiation by the brominated flame retardant BDE-47. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4110-9. [PMID: 24559133 PMCID: PMC3983330 DOI: 10.1021/es405524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) may play a role in the development of obesity. EDCs such as the flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47) have been shown to enhance adipocyte differentiation in the murine 3T3-L1 model. The mechanisms by which EDCs direct preadipocytes to form adipocytes are poorly understood. Here, we examined transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the induction of in vitro adipocyte differentiation by BDE-47. Quantitative high content microscopy revealed concentration-dependent enhanced adipocyte differentiation following exposure to BDE-47 or the antidiabetic drug troglitazone (TROG). BDE-47 modestly activated the key adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in COS7 cells, transiently transfected with a GAL4 reporter construct. Increased gene expression was observed for Pparγ2, leptin (Lep), and glucose-6-phophatase catalytic subunit (G6pc) in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells after BDE-47 exposure compared to TROG. Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) revealed significant demethylation of three CpG sites in the Pparγ2 promoter after exposure to both BDE-47 and TROG in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. This study shows the potential of BDE-47 to induce adipocyte differentiation through various mechanisms that include Pparγ2 gene induction and promoter demethylation accompanied by activation of PPARγ, and possible disruption of glucose homeostasis and IGF1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorke
H. Kamstra
- Institute
for Environmental Studies, VU University
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Hruba
- Department
of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary
Research Institute, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology and Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
| | - Amanda Janesick
- Department
of Developmental and Cell Biology and Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, DK-5230
| | - Timo Hamers
- Institute
for Environmental Studies, VU University
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute
for Environmental Studies, VU University
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081HV, The Netherlands
- Tel: +31 20 598 9516. Fax: +31 20 598 9553. E-mail:
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45
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Chen H, Wang S, Chen L, Chen Y, Wu M, Zhang Y, Yu K, Huang Z, Qin L, Mo D. MicroRNA-344 inhibits 3T3-L1 cell differentiation via targeting GSK3β of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:429-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Swift J, Ivanovska IL, Buxboim A, Harada T, Dingal PCDP, Pinter J, Pajerowski JD, Spinler KR, Shin JW, Tewari M, Rehfeldt F, Speicher DW, Discher DE. Nuclear lamin-A scales with tissue stiffness and enhances matrix-directed differentiation. Science 2013; 341:1240104. [PMID: 23990565 DOI: 10.1126/science.1240104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1295] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissues can be soft like fat, which bears little stress, or stiff like bone, which sustains high stress, but whether there is a systematic relationship between tissue mechanics and differentiation is unknown. Here, proteomics analyses revealed that levels of the nucleoskeletal protein lamin-A scaled with tissue elasticity, E, as did levels of collagens in the extracellular matrix that determine E. Stem cell differentiation into fat on soft matrix was enhanced by low lamin-A levels, whereas differentiation into bone on stiff matrix was enhanced by high lamin-A levels. Matrix stiffness directly influenced lamin-A protein levels, and, although lamin-A transcription was regulated by the vitamin A/retinoic acid (RA) pathway with broad roles in development, nuclear entry of RA receptors was modulated by lamin-A protein. Tissue stiffness and stress thus increase lamin-A levels, which stabilize the nucleus while also contributing to lineage determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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47
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Ragni E, Viganò M, Parazzi V, Montemurro T, Montelatici E, Lavazza C, Budelli S, Vecchini A, Rebulla P, Giordano R, Lazzari L. Adipogenic potential in human mesenchymal stem cells strictly depends on adult or foetal tissue harvest. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2456-66. [PMID: 23942228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies promise important developments for regenerative medicine purposes. Adipose tissue and the adipogenic process has become central to an increasing number of translational efforts in addition to plastic and reconstructive surgical applications. In recent experimental clinical trials, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been proven to be well tolerated because of their low immunoreactivity. MSC are multipotent cells found among mature cells in different tissues and organs with the potentiality to differentiate in many cell types, including osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes, thus being a suitable cell source for tissue engineering strategies. We compared the adipogenic potential of MSC originated from two adult sources as fat pads and bone marrow, and from four foetal sources as umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly, amniotic fluid and preterm umbilical cord perivascular cells. Surprisingly, adult MSC displayed higher differentiation capacities confirmed by gene expression analysis on a selected panel of adipogenesis-related genes. Further, an in-depth molecular analysis highlighted the early and vigorous activation of the PPARγ transcription factor-cascade in adipose-derived MSC that resulted to be both delayed and reduced in foetal MSC accounting for their lack of adipogenic potential. Thus, MSC show a different degree of phenotypic plasticity depending on the source tissue, that should be taken into consideration for the selection of the most appropriate MSC type for specific tissue regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ragni
- Cell Factory "Franco Calori", Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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Atkins RJ, Stylli SS, Luwor RB, Kaye AH, Hovens CM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and its dysregulation in glioblastoma multiforme. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20:1185-92. [PMID: 23768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring and devastating human brain malignancy, retaining almost universal mortality and a median survival of only 14 months, even with recent advances in multimodal treatments. Gliomas are characterised as being both highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy and highly invasive, rendering conventional interventions palliative. The continual dismal prognosis for GBM patients identifies an urgent need for the evolutionary development of new treatment modalities. This includes molecular targeted therapies as many signaling molecules and associated pathways have been implicated in the development and survival of malignant gliomas including the protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Here we review the activity and function of GSK-3β in a number of signaling pathways and its role in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Atkins
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia.
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López-Victorio CJ, Velez-delValle C, Beltrán-Langarica A, Kuri-Harcuch W. EDF-1 downregulates the CaM/Cn/NFAT signaling pathway during adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:146-51. [PMID: 23376715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial differentiation factor-1 (EDF-1) is a calmodulin binding protein that regulates calmodulin-dependent enzymes. In endothelial cells, this factor can form a protein complex with calmodulin. We analyzed the relationship between this factor and the members of calmodulin/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway during adipogenesis of 3T3-F442A cells. We found that the expression of edf1 is upregulated during early adipogenesis, whereas that of calcineurin gene is lowered, suggesting that this pathway should be downregulated to allow for adipogenesis to occur. We also found that EDF-1 associates with calmodulin and calcineurin, most likely inactivating calcineurin. Our results showed that EDF-1 inactivates the calmodulin/calcineurin/NFAT pathway via sequestration of calmodulin, during early adipogenesis, and we propose a mechanism that negatively regulates the activation of calcineurin through a complex formation between EDF-1 and calmodulin. This finding raises the possibility that modulating this pathway might offer some alternatives to regulate adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J López-Victorio
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000, Mexico
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