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Tao Z, Wang Y. The health benefits of dietary short-chain fatty acids in metabolic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38189336 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2297811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a subset of fatty acids that play crucial roles in maintaining normal physiology and developing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease. Even though dairy products and vegetable oils are the direct dietary sources of SCFAs, their quantities are highly restricted. SCFAs are produced indirectly through microbial fermentation of fibers. The biological roles of SCFAs in human health and metabolic diseases are mainly due to their receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, FFAR2 and FFAR3. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that SCFAs modulate DNMTs and HDAC activities, inhibit NF-κB-STAT signaling, and regulate G(i/o)βγ-PLC-PKC-PTEN signaling and PPARγ-UCP2-AMPK autophagic signaling, thus mitigating metabolic diseases. Recent studies have uncovered that SCFAs play crucial roles in epigenetic modifications of DNAs, RNAs, and post-translational modifications of proteins, which are critical regulators of metabolic health and diseases. At the same time, dietary recommendations for the purpose of SCFAs have been proposed. The objective of the review is to summarize the most recent research on the role of dietary SCFAs in metabolic diseases, especially the signal transduction of SCFAs in metabolic diseases and their functional efficacy in different backgrounds and models of metabolic diseases, at the same time, to provide dietary and nutritional recommendations for using SCFAs as food ingredients to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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3
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Shi Q, Liu X, Fan X, Wang R, Qi K. Paternal dietary ratio of n-6: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids programs offspring leptin expression and gene imprinting in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1043876. [PMID: 36618698 PMCID: PMC9816484 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1043876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study determined the effects of the paternal dietary ratio of n-6: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on leptin expression in the offspring and associated gene imprinting in a mouse model. Methods Three- to four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (F0) were fed an n-3 PUFA-deficient (n-3 D) diet, a diet with normal n-3 PUFA content (n-3 N; n-6: n-3 = 4.3:1), or a diet with a high n-3 PUFA content (n-3 H; n-6: n-3 = 1.5:1) for 8 weeks. Two subsequent generations were generated by mating F0 and F1 male mice with 10-week-old virgin female C57 BL/6J mice, to produce F1 and F2 offspring. Results Compared to the paternal n-3 D diet, paternal n-3 N and n-3 H diets reduced adipose mRNA expression of leptin (Lep) and its plasma concentrations in juvenile F1 male and female offspring, and adult F1 male and F2 female offspring, with upregulated Lep receptor mRNA expression in the hypothalamus. Meanwhile, paternal n-3 N and n-3 H diets altered the expression of the imprinted genes H19, Igf2, Igf2r, Plagl1, Cdkn1c, Kcnq1ot1, Peg3, and Grb10 in the adipose tissue of juvenile and adult F1 males, with almost no effects on F1 females, while more effects were observed in the adult F2 females than F2 males. Principal component analysis verified that Plagl1, Cdkn1c, and Kcnq1ot1 contributed the most to variation in adipose tissue expression in all offspring. Some of these genes (Plagl1, Cdkn1c, Kcnq1ot1, Peg3, and Grb10) were altered by the paternal n-3 N and n-3 H diets in the F1 and F2 generation testes as well. Furthermore, adipose Lep expression was positively correlated with expressions of H19, Igf2r, Plagl1, and Kcnq1ot1 in juvenile F1 males and females, negatively correlated with the Kcnq1ot1 expression in adult F1 males, and positively correlated with the Plagl1 expression in adult F2 females. Conclusion These data imply that paternal Plagl1, Cdkn1c, and Kcnq1ot1 might be part of the pathways involved in offspring leptin programming. Therefore, a lower ratio of n-6: n-3 PUFAs, with higher intake of n-3 PUFAs in paternal pre-conception, may help maintain the offspring's optimal leptin pattern in a sex-specific manner through multiple generations, and thereby, be beneficial for the offspring's long-term health.
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4
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Li Y. Epigenetic Modifications in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Open Biochem J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x-v16-e2206271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition that is also a risk factor of several other chronic conditions including type 2 diabetes. The effects of maternal obesity and type 2 diabetes on fetal development and offspring health are mediated through the transmission of epigenetic modifications in addition to the possible permanent changes of the organs caused by the intrauterine environment hypothesized by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory. Epigenetic modifications can be altered by environmental factors including dietary and lifestyle factors. The current priorities include identification and confirmation of the specific epigenetic biomarkers associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in human subjects and identification of the dietary and lifestyle factors that contribute to each of the identified specific epigenetic biomarkers.
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Rastogi S, Rastogi D. The Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Lifetime Cardiopulmonary Morbidities Associated With Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:844905. [PMID: 35391836 PMCID: PMC8980933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions in the last few decades. The global increase in obesity has contributed to an increase in the number of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity or with excessive gestational weight gain. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of maternal co-morbidities such as gestational diabetes and hypertension. Both obesity during pregnancy and its associated complications are not only associated with immediate adverse outcomes for the mother and their newborns during the perinatal period but, more importantly, are linked with long-term morbidities in the offsprings. Neonates born to women with obesity are at higher risk for cardiac complications including cardiac malformations, and non-structural cardiac issues such as changes in the microvasculature, e.g., elevated systolic blood pressure, and overt systemic hypertension. Pulmonary diseases associated with maternal obesity include respiratory distress syndrome, asthma during childhood and adolescence, and adulthood diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sequelae of short-term complications compound long-term outcomes such as long-term obesity, hypertension later in life, and metabolic complications including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain these adverse outcomes and are related to the emerging knowledge of pathophysiology of obesity in adults. The best investigated ones include the role of obesity-mediated metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation. There is emerging evidence linking metabolic and immune derangements to altered biome, and alteration in epigenetics as one of the intermediary mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes. These are initiated as part of fetal adaptation to obesity during pregnancy which are compounded by rapid weight gain during infancy and early childhood, a known complication of obesity during pregnancy. This newer evidence points toward the role of specific nutrients and changes in biome that may potentially modify the adverse outcomes observed in the offsprings of women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Rastogi
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, EPA and DHA, Ameliorate Myocardial Infarction-induced Heart Failure by Inhibiting p300-HAT Activity in Rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2178-2197. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kobayashi S, Wannakul T, Sekino K, Takahashi Y, Kagawa Y, Miyazaki H, Umaru BA, Yang S, Yamamoto Y, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 limits the generation of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells through regulating plasmacytoid dendritic cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:152-163. [PMID: 34449874 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) promote viral elimination by producing large amounts of Type I interferon. Recent studies have shown that pDCs regulate the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory diseases, such as cancer. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is a cellular chaperone of long-chain fatty acids that induce biological responses. Although the effects of FABP-mediated lipid metabolism are well studied in various immune cells, its role in pDCs remains unclear. This study, which compares wild-type and Fabp5-/- mice, provides the first evidence that FABP5-mediated lipid metabolism regulates the commitment of pDCs to inflammatory vs tolerogenic gene expression patterns in the tumor microenvironment and in response to toll-like receptor stimulation. Additionally, we demonstrated that FABP5 deficiency in pDCs affects the surrounding cellular environment, and that FABP5 expression in pDCs supports the appropriate generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Collectively, our findings reveal that pDC FABP5 acts as an important regulator of tumor immunity by controlling lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tunyanat Wannakul
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kaname Sekino
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Shuhan Yang
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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Li P, Chen X, Chen Y, Teng T, Fan X, Tang T, Wang R, Zhao Y, Qi K. DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs intake from the early- and mid-pregnancy decreases the weight gain by affecting the DNA methylation status among Chinese Han infants. Food Nutr Res 2021. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pannia E, Hammoud R, Kubant R, Sa JY, Simonian R, Wasek B, Ashcraft P, Bottiglieri T, Pausova Z, Anderson GH. High Intakes of [6S]-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid Compared with Folic Acid during Pregnancy Programs Central and Peripheral Mechanisms Favouring Increased Food Intake and Body Weight of Mature Female Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:1477. [PMID: 33925570 PMCID: PMC8146511 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (MTHF) is recommended as an alternative to folic acid (FA) in prenatal supplements. This study compared equimolar gestational FA and MTHF diets on energy regulation of female offspring. Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with recommended (2 mg/kg diet) or 5-fold (5X) intakes of MTHF or FA. At weaning, female offspring were fed a 45% fat diet until 19 weeks. The 5X-MTHF offspring had higher body weight (>15%), food intake (8%), light-cycle energy expenditure, and lower activity compared to 5X-FA offspring (p < 0.05). Both the 5X offspring had higher plasma levels of the anorectic hormone leptin at birth (60%) and at 19 weeks (40%), and lower liver weight and total liver lipids compared to the 1X offspring (p < 0.05). Hypothalamic mRNA expression of leptin receptor (ObRb) was lower, and of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3) was higher in the 5X-MTHF offspring (p < 0.05), suggesting central leptin dysregulation. In contrast, the 5X-FA offspring had higher expression of genes encoding for dopamine and GABA- neurotransmitter receptors (p < 0.01), consistent with their phenotype and reduced food intake. When fed folate diets at the requirement level, no differences were found due to form in the offspring. We conclude that MTHF compared to FA consumed at high levels in the gestational diets program central and peripheral mechanisms to favour increased weight gain in the offspring. These pre-clinical findings caution against high gestational intakes of folates of either form and encourage clinical trials examining their long-term health effects when consumed during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Pannia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Rola Hammoud
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Jong Yup Sa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Rebecca Simonian
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
| | - Brandi Wasek
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Paula Ashcraft
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Health, Dallas, TX 75226, USA; (B.W.); (P.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - G. Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (E.P.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (J.Y.S.); (R.S.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Liu X, Liu X, Shi Q, Fan X, Qi K. Association of telomere length and telomerase methylation with n-3 fatty acids in preschool children with obesity. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33413203 PMCID: PMC7788823 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres play a crucial role in cellular survival and its length is a predictor for onset of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies on association between telomeres and obesity in children have brought discrepant results and the underlying mechanisms and influential factors are to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate changes in telomere length and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) DNA methylation, and further to determine their correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preschool children with obesity. METHODS Forty-six preschool children with obesity aged 3 to 4 years were included in the study, with equal numbers of age- and gender-matched children with normal weight as control. Leukocyte telomere length was determined by the ratio of telomeric product and single copy gene obtained using real-time qPCR. DNA methylation of TERT promoter was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. Fatty acids in erythrocytes were measured by gas chromatography with a total of 15 fatty acids analyzed. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), total n-6 PUFAs, total n-3 PUFAs, and the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were calculated. Then the correlation between leukocyte telomere length, TERT promoter methylation and fatty acids was determined. RESULTS In preschool children with obesity, leukocyte telomeres were shortened and had a negative association with the body mass index. The methylated fractions in 13 of 25 CpG sites in the TERT promoter were increased by approximately 3 to 35% in the children with obesity compared to the normal weight children. Erythrocyte lauric acid and total SFAs, lenoleic acid and total n-6 PUFAs were higher, and DHA was lower in the children with obesity than those in the children with normal weight. Correlative analysis showed that leukocyte telomere length had a positive association with total SFAs and DHA, and a negative association with the AA/DHA ratio. However, no association between erythrocyte DHA and the TERT promoter methylation was found. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the reduced body DHA content and increased AA/DHA ratio may be associated with shortened leukocyte telomeres in child obesity, which is probably not involved in the TERT promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qiaoyu Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Kemin Qi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No.56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, China.
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13
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Ding Z, Liu Y, Han J, Liu X, Zheng Y, Li W, Xu Y. Dietary Lipid Supplementation Could Significantly Affect the Growth, Fatty Acid Profiles, and Expression of PPARα, Leptin, and Adiponectin Genes in Juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Ding
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jinhua Han
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
| | - Yimin Zheng
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation Beibuwan University Qinzhou 535011 China
| | - Youqing Xu
- Institute for Fishery Sciences Guangxi University 100 University Road Nanning 530004 China
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14
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Leachman JR, Rea MD, Cohn DM, Xu X, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN, Loria AS. Exacerbated obesogenic response in female mice exposed to early life stress is linked to fat depot-specific upregulation of leptin protein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E852-E862. [PMID: 32830551 PMCID: PMC7790118 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00243.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for increased BMI and cardiometabolic disease risk later in life. We have previously shown that a mouse model of ELS, maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), exacerbates high-fat diet (HF)-induced obesity only in adult female mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 1) whether the short- and long-term effects of HF on leptin expression are influenced by MSEW in a sex-specific manner and 2) the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying the MSEW-induced changes in leptin expression. After 1 wk of HF, both MSEW male and female mice displayed increased fat mass compared with controls (P < 0.05). However, only MSEW female mice showed elevated leptin mRNA expression in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT; P < 0.05). After 12 wk of HF, fat mass remained increased only in female mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma leptin and both leptin mRNA and protein expression in gWAT were augmented in MSEW female mice compered to controls (P < 0.05), but not in MSEW male mice. This association was not present in subcutaneous WAT. Furthermore, among 16 CpG sites in the leptin promoter, we identified three hypomethylated sites in tissue from HF-fed MSEW female mice compared with controls (3, 15, and 16, P < 0.05). These hypomethylated sites showed greater binding of key adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P < 0.05). Taken together, our study reveals that MSEW superimposed to HF increases leptin protein expression in a sex- and fat depot-specific fashion. Our data suggest that the mechanism by which MSEW increases leptin expression could be epigenetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mathew D Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Dianne M Cohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Xiu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Wu Y, Wang X, Xu F, Zhang L, Wang T, Fu X, Jin T, Zhang W, Ye L. The regulation of acetylation and stability of HMGA2 via the HBXIP-activated Akt-PCAF pathway in promotion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4858-4876. [PMID: 32313942 PMCID: PMC7229824 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is an architectural transcription factor that plays essential roles in embryonic development and cancer progression. However, the mechanism of HMGA2 regulation remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrate that HMGA2 can be modulated by hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP), an oncogenic transcriptional coactivator, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). HMGA2 expression was positively associated with HBXIP expression in clinical ESCC tissues, and their high levels were associated with advanced tumor stage and reduced overall and disease-free survival. We found that oncogenic HBXIP could posttranslationally upregulate HMGA2 protein level in ESCC cells. HBXIP induced HMGA2 acetylation at the lysine 26 (K26), resulting in HMGA2 protein accumulation. In this process, HBXIP increased the acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) phosphorylation and activation via the Akt pathway, then PCAF directly interacted with HMGA2, leading to HMGA2 acetylation in the cells. HMGA2 K26 acetylation enhanced its DNA binding capacity and blocked its ubiquitination and then inhibited proteasome-dependent degradation. Functionally, HBXIP-stabilized HMGA2 could promote ESCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, aspirin suppressed ESCC growth by inhibiting HBXIP and HMGA2. Collectively, our findings disclose a new mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of HMGA2 mediated by HBXIP in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xueli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Yang L, Guo Z, Qi S, Fang T, Zhu H, Santos HO, Khani V, Wong CH, Qiu Z. Walnut intake may increase circulating adiponectin and leptin levels but does not improve glycemic biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 52:102505. [PMID: 32951753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Walnut intake is considered a healthy dietary approach worldwide, particularly as a nutritional tool for the management of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Among these lines, leptin and adiponectin, as well as glycemic biomarkers, deserve further attention. We aimed to examine the impact of walnut intake on circulation levels of leptin and adiponectin through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs); secondarily, assessing the glycemic profile as well. METHODS The literature search was implemented in four following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar, thus, determining studies that measured the effects of walnut consumption on adiponectin, leptin, and glycemic biomarkers levels from 2004 up to December 2019. RESULTS Fourteen trials were include in the meta-analysis, with an intervention period ranging from 5 weeks to 12 months.Walnut intake increased leptin (weighted mean difference (WMD): 2.502 ng/mL; 95 % CI: 2.147-2.856, p < 0.001) and adiponectin (WMD: 0.440 ng/mL; 95 % CI: 0.323 to 0.557, p < 0.001) levels. Pertaining to glycemic biomarkers, neither overall analyses nor sub-analyses corroborated with changes in fasting blood glucose (WMD: 0.500 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.596, 1.596, p = 0.371), insulin (WMD: -0.21 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.67, 0.24, p = 0.367), and glycated hemoglobin (WMD: 0.004 mg/dL, 95 % CI: -0.041, 0.049, p = 0.870) concentrations. CONCLUSION Walnut intake may increase leptin and adiponectin levels but does not improve glycemic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Departmentof Endocrinology, Shangrao People's Hospital, No.86 Shuyuan Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334000, China
| | - Zhiyang Guo
- Internal Medicine, Ji'an Detachment Health Team, Chinese Pepople's Armed Police Force, Ji'an, 343000, China
| | - Shuwen Qi
- Internal Medicine, Mobile Detachment Medical Team of Jiangxi Provincial General Corps, Chinese Pepople's Armed Police Force, Anyi, 330500, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Emergency, Guangfeng People's Hospital, Yongfeng South Street, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334600, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Departmentof Endocrinology, Shangrao People's Hospital, No.86 Shuyuan Road, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334000, China
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vahid Khani
- Department of Radiology, Taleghani Hospital, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chun Hoong Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, Serdang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhiyun Qiu
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, China.
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17
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Yao H, Fan C, Lu Y, Fan X, Xia L, Li P, Wang R, Tang T, Wang Y, Qi K. Alteration of gut microbiota affects expression of adiponectin and resistin through modifying DNA methylation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. GENES & NUTRITION 2020; 15:12. [PMID: 32586265 PMCID: PMC7318443 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin and resistin are typically secreted by the adipose tissue and are abnormally expressed in obesity. However, the underlying influential factors and mechanisms are to be elucidated. It is well known that the expression of genes is regulated by epigenetics while gut microbiota participates in epigenetic processes through its metabolites such as folate, biotin, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Therefore, we supposed that alteration of gut microbiota might affect the transcriptional expression of adiponectin and resistin through epigenetic regulation in obesity. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (34.9% fat by wt., 60% kcal) or a normal-fat diet (4.3% fat by wt., 10% kcal) for 16 weeks, with ampicillin and neomycin delivered via drinking water to interfere with gut microbiota development. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The mRNA expression levels of genes were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. SCFA contents in feces were examined using gas chromatography. RESULTS Alteration of the gut microbiota induced by antibiotic use, characterized by a dramatic reduction of the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and an increase of Proteobacteria with reductions of genera including Lactobacillus, norank_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, etc., and increases in Bacteroides, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, inhibited the body weight gain in mice fed the high-fat diet instead of the normal-fat diet. The mRNA expression of adiponectin and resistin was upregulated by antibiotic use in mice fed the high-fat diet, accompanied by increased expression of fat oxidation and thermogenesis-related genes (PPAR-α, Pgc-1α, and Atgl) in the fat and/or liver, whereas no change in the expression of adiponectin and resistin was found in mice fed the normal-fat diet. Furthermore, antibiotic use reduced DNA methylation fractions of the adiponectin and resistin promoters and downregulated the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a (DNMT1 and DNMT3a) with the high-fat diet feeding. CONCLUSION Alteration of gut microbiota induced by antibiotic use may affect the expression of adiponectin and resistin in mice fed the high-fat diet by modifying promoter DNA methylation, thus leading to increased fatty acid oxidation and less body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Yao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Chaonan Fan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Child Health Care Center, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Lulu Xia
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Diet and Nutrition, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Ping Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Rui Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Kemin Qi
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XLaboratory of Nutrition and Development, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, 100045 China
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18
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Effects of gut microbiota on leptin expression and body weight are lessened by high-fat diet in mice. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:396-406. [PMID: 32213218 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberration in leptin expression is one of the most frequent features in the onset and progression of obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and need to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of the absence of gut microbiota on body weight and the expression and promoter methylation of the leptin. Male C57 BL/6 J germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) mice (aged 4-5 weeks) were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Six to eight mice from each group, at 15 weeks, were administered exogenous leptin for 7 d. Leptin expression and body weight gain in GF mice were increased by NFD with more CpG sites hypermethylated at the leptin promoter, whereas there was no change with HFD, compared with CV mice. Adipose or hepatic expression of genes associated with fat synthesis (Acc1, Fas and Srebp-1c), hydrolysis and oxidation (Atgl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was lower, and hypothalamus expression of Pomc and Socs3 was higher in GF mice than levels in CV mice, particularly with NFD feeding. Exogenous leptin reduced body weight in both types of mice, with a greater effect on CV mice with NFD. Adipose Lep-R expression was up-regulated, and hepatic Fas and hypothalamic Socs3 were down-regulated in both types of mice. Expression of fat hydrolysis and oxidative genes (Atgl, Hsl, Cpt1a, Cpt1c, Ppar-α and Pgc-1α) was up-regulated in CV mice. Therefore, the effects of gut microbiota on the leptin expression and body weight were affected by dietary fat intake.
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Interaction of Osteoarthritis and BMI on Leptin Promoter Methylation in Taiwanese Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010123. [PMID: 31878053 PMCID: PMC6981657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) regulates glucose metabolism and energy storage in the body. Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with the upregulation of serum LEP. LEP promoter methylation is associated with obesity. So far, few studies have explored the association of BMI and OA with LEP methylation. We assessed the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and OA on LEP promoter methylation. Data of 1114 participants comprising 583 men and 558 women, aged 30–70 years were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank Database (2008–2015). Osteoarthritis was self-reported and cases were those who reported having ever been clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis. BMI was categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. The mean LEP promoter methylation level in individuals with osteoarthritis was 0.5509 ± 0.00437 and 0.5375 ± 0.00101 in those without osteoarthritis. The interaction between osteoarthritis and BMI on LEP promoter methylation was significant (p-value = 0.0180). With normal BMI as the reference, the mean LEP promoter methylation level was significantly higher in obese osteoarthritic individuals (β = 0.03696, p-value = 0.0187). However, there was no significant association between BMI and LEP promoter methylation in individuals without osteoarthritis, regardless of BMI. In conclusion, only obesity was significantly associated with LEP promoter methylation (higher levels) specifically in osteoarthritic patients.
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20
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Ramírez-Alarcón K, Sánchez-Agurto Á, Lamperti L, Martorell M. Epigenetics, Maternal Diet and Metabolic Programming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874196701907010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The maternal environment influences embryonic and fetal life. Nutritional deficits or excesses alter the trajectory of fetus/offspring’s development. The concept of “developmental programming” and “developmental origins of health and disease” consists of the idea that maternal diet may remodel the genome and lead to epigenetic changes. These changes are induced during early life, permanently altering the phenotype in the posterior adult stage, favoring the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, it is aimed to overview epigenetics, maternal diet and metabolic programming factors and determine which of these might affect future generations.
Scope and Approach:
Nutrients interfere with the epigenome by influencing the supply and use of methyl groups through DNA transmethylation and demethylation mechanisms. They also influence the remodeling of chromatin and arginine or lysine residues at the N-terminal tails of histone, thus altering miRNA expression. Fats, proteins, B vitamins and folates act as important cofactors in methylation processes. The metabolism of carbon in the methyl groups of choline, folic acid and methionine to S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAM), acts as methyl donors to methyl DNA, RNA, and proteins. B-complex vitamins are important since they act as coenzymes during this process.
Key Findings and Conclusion:
Nutrients, during pregnancy, potentially influence susceptibility to diseases in adulthood. Additionally, the deficit or excess of nutrients alter the epigenetic machinery, affecting genes and influencing the genome of the offspring and therefore, predisposing the development of chronic diseases in adults.
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21
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González-Becerra K, Ramos-Lopez O, Barrón-Cabrera E, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martínez-López E, Martínez JA. Fatty acids, epigenetic mechanisms and chronic diseases: a systematic review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:178. [PMID: 31615571 PMCID: PMC6792183 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations. METHODS A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords "fatty acids and epigenetic". The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. RESULTS Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K González-Becerra
- Institute of Traslational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - O Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - E Barrón-Cabrera
- Institute of Traslational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martínez-López
- Institute of Traslational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - J A Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Wróblewski A, Strycharz J, Świderska E, Drewniak K, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Kasznicki J, Śliwińska A. Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081872. [PMID: 31408957 PMCID: PMC6723573 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Drewniak
- Student Scientific Society of the Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Plaza A, Antonazzi M, Blanco-Urgoiti J, Del Olmo N, Ruiz-Gayo M. Potential Role of Leptin in Cardiac Steatosis Induced by Highly Saturated Fat Intake during Adolescence. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900110. [PMID: 31298470 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To identify the age-dependent effect of diets containing elevated amounts of either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on cardiac steatosis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Five- and eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice cohorts are given free access to either a saturated or an unsaturated fatty-acid-enriched diet during 8 weeks. Body weight (BW) and food intake are monitored during this period. Cardiac lipid content, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) activity, and the amount of uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) are analyzed and correlated with blood leptin concentration. Leptin and PPARγ gene expression is quantified in white adipose tissue (WAT). Both diets have a similar effect on food intake, BW, and adiposity, independently of the age. Nevertheless, cardiac steatosis is specifically identified in adolescent mice consuming the saturated diet. These animals also display lower activity of cardiac CPT-I, a down-regulation of cardiac UCP2, together with lower concentration of plasma leptin. Accordingly, leptin gene expression is reduced in the visceral WAT. CONCLUSION Consumption of diets containing elevated amounts of saturated fat during adolescence and early adult life promotes cardiac steatosis in mice. An insufficient endocrine activity of WAT, in terms of leptin production, may account for such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Antonazzi
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, 28925, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The twin epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are a serious health, social, and economic issue. The dysregulation of adipose tissue biology is central to the development of these two metabolic disorders, as adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in regulating whole-body metabolism and energy homeostasis (1). Accumulating evidence indicates that multiple aspects of adipose biology are regulated, in part, by epigenetic mechanisms. The precise and comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic control of adipose tissue biology is crucial to identifying novel therapeutic interventions that target epigenetic issues. Here, we review the recent findings on DNA methylation events and machinery in regulating the developmental processes and metabolic function of adipocytes. We highlight the following points: 1) DNA methylation is a key epigenetic regulator of adipose development and gene regulation, 2) emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation is involved in the transgenerational passage of obesity and other metabolic disorders, 3) DNA methylation is involved in regulating the altered transcriptional landscape of dysfunctional adipose tissue, 4) genome-wide studies reveal specific DNA methylation events that associate with obesity and T2D, and 5) the enzymatic effectors of DNA methylation have physiological functions in adipose development and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Sona Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Fish oil supplementation during adolescence attenuates metabolic programming of perinatal maternal high-fat diet in adult offspring. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1345-1356. [PMID: 30940241 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HFD) increases susceptibility to obesity and fatty liver diseases in adult offspring, which can be attenuated by the potent hypolipidaemic action of fish oil (FO), an n-3 PUFA source, during adult life. Previously, we described that adolescent HFD offspring showed resistance to FO hypolipidaemic effects, although FO promoted hepatic molecular changes suggestive of reduced lipid accumulation. Here, we investigated whether this FO intervention only during the adolescence period could affect offspring metabolism in adulthood. Then, female Wistar rats received isoenergetic, standard (STD: 9 % fat) or high-fat (HFD: 28·6 % fat) diet before mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring received the standard diet; and from 25 to 45 d old they received oral administration of soyabean oil or FO. At 150 d old, serum and hepatic metabolic parameters were evaluated. Maternal HFD adult offspring showed increased body weight, visceral adiposity, hyperleptinaemia and decreased hepatic pSTAT3/STAT3 ratio, suggestive of hepatic leptin resistance. FO intake only during the adolescence period reduced visceral adiposity and serum leptin, regardless of maternal diet. Maternal HFD promoted dyslipidaemia and hepatic TAG accumulation, which was correlated with reduced hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1a content, suggesting lipid oxidation impairment. FO intake did not change serum lipids; however, it restored hepatic TAG content and hepatic markers of lipid oxidation to STD offspring levels. Therefore, we concluded that FO intake exclusively during adolescence programmed STD offspring and reprogrammed HFD offspring male rats to a healthier metabolic phenotype in adult life, reducing visceral adiposity, serum leptin and hepatic TAG content in offspring adulthood.
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Phillips NLH, Roth TL. Animal Models and Their Contribution to Our Understanding of the Relationship Between Environments, Epigenetic Modifications, and Behavior. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010047. [PMID: 30650619 PMCID: PMC6357183 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non-human animals in research is a longstanding practice to help us understand and improve human biology and health. Animal models allow researchers, for example, to carefully manipulate environmental factors in order to understand how they contribute to development, behavior, and health. In the field of behavioral epigenetics such approaches have contributed novel findings of how the environment physically interacts with our genes, leading to changes in behavior and health. This review highlights some of this research, focused on prenatal immune challenges, environmental toxicants, diet, and early-life stress. In conjunction, we also discuss why animal models were integral to these discoveries and the translational relevance of these discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ledo Husby Phillips
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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Abstract
The dramatic increase in global prevalence of metabolic disease is inexplicable when considering only environmental or only genetic factors, leading to the need to explore the possible roles of epigenetic factors. A great deal of progress has been made in this interdisciplinary field in recent years, with many studies investigating various aspects of the metabolic syndrome and its associated epigenetic changes. Rodent models of metabolic diseases have been particularly illuminating because of the ability to leverage tools such as genetic and environmental modifications. The current review summarizes recent breakthroughs regarding epigenetic markers in studies of obesity, Type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the three major disorders associated with metabolic syndrome. We also discuss open questions and future directions for integrating genomic, epigenomic, and phenotypic big biodata toward understanding metabolic syndrome etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Carson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis, Missouri
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Tang J, Pulliam N, Özeş A, Buechlein A, Ding N, Keer H, Rusch D, O'Hagan H, Stack MS, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Targeting of Adipocytes Inhibits High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1226-1240. [PMID: 29759990 PMCID: PMC6072573 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) cells frequently metastasize to the omentum, and adipocytes play a significant role in ovarian tumor progression. Therapeutic interventions targeting aberrant DNA methylation in ovarian tumors have shown promise in the clinic, but the effects of epigenetic therapy on the tumor microenvironment are understudied. Here, we examined the effect of adipocytes on OC cell behavior in culture and impact of targeting DNA methylation in adipocytes on OC metastasis. The presence of adipocytes increased OC cell migration and invasion, and proximal and direct coculture of adipocytes increased OC proliferation alone or after treatment with carboplatin. Treatment of adipocytes with hypomethylating agent guadecitabine decreased migration and invasion of OC cells toward adipocytes. Subcellular protein fractionation of adipocytes treated with guadecitabine revealed decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) levels even in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin. Methyl-Capture- and RNA-sequencing analysis of guadecitabine-treated adipocytes revealed derepression of tumor-suppressor genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors. SUSD2, a secreted tumor suppressor downregulated by promoter CpG island methylation in adipocytes, was upregulated after guadecitabine treatment, and recombinant SUSD2 decreased OC cell migration and invasion. Integrated analysis of the methylomic and transcriptomic data identified pathways associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteases and fatty acid α-oxidation, suggesting a possible mechanism of how epigenetic therapy of adipocytes decreases metastasis. In conclusion, the effect of DNMT inhibitor on fully differentiated adipocytes suggests that hypomethylating agents may affect the tumor microenvironment to decrease cancer cell metastasis.Implications: Epigenetic targeting of tumor microenvironment can affect metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1226-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Nicholas Pulliam
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ali Özeş
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ning Ding
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Doug Rusch
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Heather O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana.
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Potential Micronutrients and Phytochemicals against the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070813. [PMID: 29941777 PMCID: PMC6073117 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have shared etiology, including key etiological changes (e.g., DNA damage and epigenetics change) and lung function impairment. Focusing on those shared targets may help in the prevention of both. Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenols) have potent antioxidant or methyl-donating properties and thus have received considerable interest. We reviewed recent papers probing into the potential of nutrients with respect to lung function preservation and prevention of lung cancer risk, and suggest several hypothetical intervention patterns. Intakes of vitamins (i.e., A, C, D, E, B12), carotenoids, flavonoids, curcumins, resveratrol, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids all show protective effects against lung function loss, some mainly by improving average lung function and others through reducing decline rate. Dietary interventions early in life may help lung function reserve over the lifespan. Protective nutrient interventions among smokers are likely to mitigate the effects of cigarettes on lung health. We also discuss their underlying mechanisms and some possible causes for the inconsistent results in observational studies and supplementation trials. The role of the lung microbiome on lung health and its potential utility in identifying protective nutrients are discussed as well. More prospective cohorts and well-designed clinical trials are needed to promote the transition of individualized nutrient interventions into health policy.
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Effects of SCFA on the DNA methylation pattern of adiponectin and resistin in high-fat-diet-induced obese male mice. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:385-392. [PMID: 29925443 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Specific adipokines, such as adiponectin and resistin, are secreted from adipose tissue and are associated with the development of obesity. Supplementation of dietary SCFA can prevent and reverse high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, it is not clear whether SCFA ameliorate abnormal expression of adiponectin and resistin in the obese state. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SCFA on adiponectin and resistin's expressions in diet-induced obese mice, as well as the potential mechanisms associated with DNA methylation. C57BL/6J male mice were fed for 16 weeks with five types of HFD (34·9 % fat by wt., 60 % kJ) - a control HFD and four HFD with acetate (HFD-A), propionate (HFD-P), butyrate (HFD-B) and their admixture (HFD-SCFA). Meanwhile, a low-fat diet (4·3 % fat by wt., 10 % kJ) was used as the control group. The reduced mRNA levels of adiponectin and resistin in the adipose tissue of the HFD-fed mice were significantly reversed by dietary supplementation of acetate, propionate, butyrate or their admixture to the HFD. Moreover, the expressional changes of adiponectin and resistin induced by SCFA were associated with alterations in DNA methylation at their promoters, which was mediated by reducing the expressions of enzyme-catalysed DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, 3a, 3b) and the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and suppressing the binding of these enzymes to the promoters of adiponectin and resistin. Our results indicate that SCFA may correct aberrant expressions of adiponectin and resistin in obesity by epigenetic regulation.
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Kociucka B, Stachecka J, Szydlowski M, Szczerbal I. Rapid Communication: The correlation between histone modifications and expression of key genes involved in accumulation of adipose tissue in the pig. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:4514-4519. [PMID: 29108067 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is a well-known epigenetic mechanism involved in regulation of gene expression; however, it has been poorly studied in adipose tissues of the pig. Understanding the molecular background of adipose tissue development and function is essential for improving production efficiency and meat quality. The objective of this study was to identify the association between histone modification and the transcript level of genes important for lipid droplet formation and metabolism. Histone modifications at the promoter regions of 6 genes (, , , , , and ) were analyzed using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Two modifications involved in activation of gene expression (acetylation of H3 histone at lysine 9 and methylation of H3 histone at lysine 4) as well as methylation of H3 histone at lysine 27, which is known to be related to gene repression, were examined. The level of histone modification was compared with transcript abundance determined using real-time PCR in tissue samples (subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and longissimus dorsi muscle) derived from 3 pig breeds significantly differing in fatness traits (Polish Large White, Duroc, and Pietrain). Transcript levels were found to be correlated with histone modifications characteristic to active loci in 4 of 6 genes. A positive correlation between histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation modification and the transcript level of ( = 0.53, < 4.8 × 10), ( = 0.34, < 0.02), and ( = 0.43, < 1.0 × 10) genes was observed. The histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation modification correlated with transcripts of ( = 0.64, < 4.6 × 10) and ( = 0.37, < 0.01) genes. No correlation was found between transcript level of all studied genes and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation level. This is the first study on histone modifications in porcine adipose tissues. We confirmed the relationship between histone modifications and expression of key genes for adipose tissue accumulation in the pig. Epigenetic modulation of the transcriptional profile of these genes (e.g., through nutritional factors) may improve porcine fatness traits in future.
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Rudolph MC, Jackman MR, Presby DM, Houck JA, Webb PG, Johnson GC, Soderborg TK, de la Houssaye BA, Yang IV, Friedman JE, MacLean PS. Low Neonatal Plasma n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratios Regulate Offspring Adipogenic Potential and Condition Adult Obesity Resistance. Diabetes 2018; 67:651-661. [PMID: 29138256 PMCID: PMC5860857 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion progresses rapidly during postnatal life, influenced by both prenatal maternal factors and postnatal developmental cues. The ratio of omega-6 (n-6) relative to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to regulate perinatal adipogenesis, but the cellular mechanisms and long-term effects are not well understood. We lowered the fetal and postnatal n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio exposure in wild-type offspring under standard maternal dietary fat amounts to test the effects of low n-6/n-3 ratios on offspring adipogenesis and adipogenic potential. Relative to wild-type pups receiving high perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios, subcutaneous adipose tissue in 14-day-old wild-type pups receiving low n-6/n-3 ratios had more adipocytes that were smaller in size; decreased Pparγ2, Fabp4, and Plin1; several lipid metabolism mRNAs; coincident hypermethylation of the PPARγ2 proximal promoter; and elevated circulating adiponectin. As adults, offspring that received low perinatal n-6/n-3 ratios were diet-induced obesity (DIO) resistant and had a lower positive energy balance and energy intake, greater lipid fuel preference and non-resting energy expenditure, one-half the body fat, and better glucose clearance. Together, the findings support a model in which low early-life n-6/n-3 ratios remodel adipose morphology to increase circulating adiponectin, resulting in a persistent adult phenotype with improved metabolic flexibility that prevents DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David M Presby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Patricia G Webb
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Taylor K Soderborg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Becky A de la Houssaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Avendaño MS, Vazquez MJ, Tena-Sempere M. Disentangling puberty: novel neuroendocrine pathways and mechanisms for the control of mammalian puberty. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:737-763. [PMID: 28961976 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty is a complex developmental event, controlled by sophisticated regulatory networks that integrate peripheral and internal cues and impinge at the brain centers driving the reproductive axis. The tempo of puberty is genetically determined but is also sensitive to numerous modifiers, from metabolic and sex steroid signals to environmental factors. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that the onset of puberty is advancing in humans, through as yet unknown mechanisms. In fact, while much knowledge has been gleaned recently on the mechanisms responsible for the control of mammalian puberty, fundamental questions regarding the intimate molecular and neuroendocrine pathways responsible for the precise timing of puberty and its deviations remain unsolved. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE By combining data from suitable model species and humans, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms governing puberty, with particular focus on its central regulatory pathways, underlying molecular basis and mechanisms for metabolic control. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive MEDLINE search of articles published mostly from 2003 to 2017 has been carried out. Data from cellular and animal models (including our own results) as well as clinical studies focusing on the pathophysiology of puberty in mammals were considered and cross-referenced with terms related with central neuroendocrine mechanisms, metabolic control and epigenetic/miRNA regulation. OUTCOMES Studies conducted during the last decade have revealed the essential role of novel central neuroendocrine pathways in the control of puberty, with a prominent role of kisspeptins in the precise regulation of the pubertal activation of GnRH neurosecretory activity. In addition, different transmitters, including neurokinin-B (NKB) and, possibly, melanocortins, have been shown to interplay with kisspeptins in tuning puberty onset. Alike, recent studies have documented the role of epigenetic mechanisms, involving mainly modulation of repressors that target kisspeptins and NKB pathways, as well as microRNAs and the related binding protein, Lin28B, in the central control of puberty. These novel pathways provide the molecular and neuroendocrine basis for the modulation of puberty by different endogenous and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic factors, such as leptin, ghrelin and insulin, which are known to play an important role in pubertal timing. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Despite recent advancements, our understanding of the basis of mammalian puberty remains incomplete. Complete elucidation of the novel neuropeptidergic and molecular mechanisms summarized in this review will not only expand our knowledge of the intimate mechanisms responsible for puberty onset in humans, but might also provide new tools and targets for better prevention and management of pubertal deviations in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Vazquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n. 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,FiDiPro Program, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Albracht-Schulte K, Kalupahana NS, Ramalingam L, Wang S, Rahman SM, Robert-McComb J, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 fatty acids in obesity and metabolic syndrome: a mechanistic update. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 58:1-16. [PMID: 29621669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities as the prevalence of obesity has risen in the United States and around the world. While the anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic properties of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are well known, their antiobesity effects and efficacy against metabolic syndrome, especially in humans, are still under debate. In animal models, evidence consistently suggests a role for n-3 PUFAs in reducing fat mass, particularly in the retroperitoneal and epididymal regions. In humans, however, published research suggests that though n-3 PUFAs may not aid weight loss, they may attenuate further weight gain and could be useful in the diet or as a supplement to help maintain weight loss. Proposed mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs may work to improve body composition and counteract obesity-related metabolic changes include modulating lipid metabolism; regulating adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin; alleviating adipose tissue inflammation; promoting adipogenesis and altering epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jacalyn Robert-McComb
- Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Rostami H, Samadi M, Yuzbashian E, Zarkesh M, Asghari G, Hedayati M, Daneshafrooz A, Mirmiran P, Khalaj A. Habitual dietary intake of fatty acids are associated with leptin gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue of patients without diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:49-54. [PMID: 29031395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues with habitual fatty acid intake and its subtypes in adults. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were gathered from 97 participants aged ≥ 20, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. Dietary fatty acid intakes including total fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues was measured by Real-Time PCR. After controlling for body mass index (BMI) and insulin, energy-adjusted dietary intake of SFA was positively and MUFA and n-3 fatty acids were negatively associated with subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues leptin gene expression. Besides, a significant negative association of PUFA, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids with leptin mRNA from visceral adipose tissue were observed. In order to better interpretations of the results, the participants were allocated two groups including non-obese (BMI < 30kg/m2) and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2). Among non-obese participants, the SFA had positive and PUFA had negative association with leptin gene expression in both adipose tissues. Furthermore, in obese participants, n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acids had a negative association with visceral leptin gene expression. Habitual intake of SFA, MUFA, and n-3 fatty acids were associated with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, suggesting an important role of quality and quantity of fatty acids intake in adipose tissue to regulate leptin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yuzbashian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoon Daneshafrooz
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Lima RPA, do Nascimento RAF, Luna RCP, Persuhn DC, da Silva AS, da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves M, de Almeida ATC, de Moraes RM, Junior EV, Fouilloux-Meugnier E, Vidal H, Pirola L, Magnani M, de Oliveira NFP, Prada PO, de Carvalho Costa MJ. Effect of a diet containing folate and hazelnut oil capsule on the methylation level of the ADRB3 gene, lipid profile and oxidative stress in overweight or obese women. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:110. [PMID: 29046732 PMCID: PMC5640916 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of genes that play an important role in the development of obesity are needed, especially studies focusing on genes that regulate food intake and affect nutrient metabolism. For example, the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) responds to noradrenaline and mediates lipolysis in adipocytes. Methods This was a controlled intervention study involving 40 overweight and obese adult women in which food intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene were evaluated before and after intervention. The individuals were randomized into four groups: group 1 (G1) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; group 2 (G2) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 μg/day of folate and 1 placebo capsule; group 3 (G3) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 90 μg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; and individuals in group 4 (G4) were only followed-up and maintained their regular dietary habits. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student’s t test and simple regression, using STATA 13 software. Results In the total sample, after the intervention, the women classified as overweight and obese did not present weight loss, and there was a reduction in the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions The beneficial effect of the intake of a hazelnut capsule on the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene was demonstrated for the first time. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 02846025
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúd-CCS), Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba), João Pessoa, Brazil.,Present Address: Pós-graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, NIESN-Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Saúde e Nutrição/Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900 Brazil
| | - Rayner Anderson Ferreira do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Human Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences (Centro de Ciências Exatas da Natureza-CCEN), Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology CCEN, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
- Department of Economics, Center for Applied Social Sciences (Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicada-CCSA), Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ronei Marcos de Moraes
- Graduate Program in Decision Models in Health, CCEN, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Verly Junior
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- University of Lyon 1, CARMEN-Vileurbanne Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- University of Lyon 1, CARMEN-Vileurbanne Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, CCS, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Oliveira Prada
- Graduate Program in Nutritional and Sport Sciences and Metabolism (Ciências da Nutrição, do Esporte e Metabolismo-CNEM), School of Applied Sciences (Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas-FCA), State University of Campinas (Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Modulates Obesity and Interacts with Obesity-Related Genes. Lipids 2017; 52:803-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Epigenetic Regulation of Adipokines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081740. [PMID: 28796178 PMCID: PMC5578130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion in obesity leads to changes in the expression of adipokines, adipocyte-specific hormones that can regulate whole body energy metabolism. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a mechanism by which cells can alter gene expression through the modifications of DNA and histones. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are intimately tied to energy metabolism due to their dependence on metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosylmethionine and acetyl-CoA. Altered expression of adipokines in obesity may be due to epigenetic changes. The goal of this review is to highlight current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of adipokines.
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Chen M, Wang X, Hu Z, Zhou H, Xu Y, Qiu L, Qin X, Zhang Y, Ying Z. Programming of mouse obesity by maternal exposure to concentrated ambient fine particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:20. [PMID: 28645299 PMCID: PMC5481884 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many diseases including obesity may originate through alterations in the early-life environment that interrupts fetal development. Increasing evidence has shown that exposure to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) is associated with abnormal fetal development. However, its long-term metabolic effects on offspring have not been systematically investigated. RESULTS To determine if maternal exposure to PM2.5 programs offspring obesity, female C57Bl/6j mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) during pre-conception, pregnancy, and lactation, and the developmental and metabolic responses of offspring were assessed. The growth trajectory of offspring revealed that maternal exposure to CAP significantly decreased offspring birth weight but increased body weight of adult male but not female offspring, and the latter was expressed as increased adiposity. These adult male offspring had increased food intake, but were sensitive to exogenous leptin. Their hypothalamic expression of Socs3 and Pomc, two target genes of leptin, was not changed, and the hypothalamic expression of NPY, an orexigenic peptide that is inhibited by leptin, was significantly increased. These decreases in central anorexigenic signaling were accompanied by reduced plasma leptin and its expression in adipose tissues, the primary source of circulating leptin. In contrast, maternal exposure did not significantly change any of these indexes in adult female offspring. Pyrosequencing demonstrated that the leptin promoter methylation of adipocytes was significantly increased in CAP-exposed male but not female offspring. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 programs obesity in male offspring probably through alterations in the methylation of the promoter region of the leptin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 China
| | - Ziying Hu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Endocrinology, the People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450003 China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019 China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. HSFII S022, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Remely M, Ferk F, Sterneder S, Setayesh T, Kepcija T, Roth S, Noorizadeh R, Greunz M, Rebhan I, Wagner KH, Knasmüller S, Haslberger A. Vitamin E Modifies High-Fat Diet-Induced Increase of DNA Strand Breaks, and Changes in Expression and DNA Methylation of Dnmt1 and MLH1 in C57BL/6J Male Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060607. [PMID: 28613268 PMCID: PMC5490586 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, increased ROS production and DNA damage. Supplementation with antioxidants might ameliorate DNA damage and support epigenetic regulation of DNA repair. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat (HFD) or a control diet (CD) with and without vitamin E supplementation (4.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) for four months. DNA damage, DNA promoter methylation and gene expression of Dnmt1 and a DNA repair gene (MLH1) were assayed in liver and colon. The HFD resulted in organ specific changes in DNA damage, the epigenetically important Dnmt1 gene, and the DNA repair gene MLH1. Vitamin E reduced DNA damage and showed organ-specific effects on MLH1 and Dnmt1 gene expression and methylation. These results suggest that interventions with antioxidants and epigenetic active food ingredients should be developed as an effective prevention for obesity—and oxidative stress—induced health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Remely
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Sterneder
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tatjana Kepcija
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sylvia Roth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rahil Noorizadeh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martina Greunz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irene Rebhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Weiner J, Rohde K, Krause K, Zieger K, Klöting N, Kralisch S, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Böttcher Y, Heiker JT. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) specific vaspin expression is increased after obesogenic diets and cold exposure and linked to acute changes in DNA-methylation. Mol Metab 2017; 6:482-493. [PMID: 28580279 PMCID: PMC5444018 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have demonstrated anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic properties of visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) and so evoked its potential use for treatment of obesity-related diseases. The aim of the study was to unravel physiological regulators of vaspin expression and secretion with a particular focus on its role in brown adipose tissue (BAT) biology. METHODS We analyzed the effects of obesogenic diets and cold exposure on vaspin expression in liver and white and brown adipose tissue (AT) and plasma levels. Vaspin expression was analyzed in isolated white and brown adipocytes during adipogenesis and in response to adrenergic stimuli. DNA-methylation within the vaspin promoter was analyzed to investigate acute epigenetic changes after cold-exposure in BAT. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a strong induction of vaspin mRNA and protein expression specifically in BAT of both cold-exposed and high-fat (HF) or high-sugar (HS) fed mice. While obesogenic diets also upregulated hepatic vaspin mRNA levels, cold exposure tended to increase vaspin gene expression of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) depots. Concomitantly, vaspin plasma levels were decreased upon obesogenic or thermogenic triggers. Vaspin expression was increased during adipogenesis but unaffected by sympathetic activation in brown adipocytes. Analysis of vaspin promoter methylation in AT revealed lowest methylation levels in BAT, which were acutely reduced after cold exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a novel BAT-specific regulation of vaspin gene expression upon physiological stimuli in vivo with acute epigenetic changes that may contribute to cold-induced expression in BAT. We conclude that these findings indicate functional relevance and potentially beneficial effects of vaspin in BAT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weiner
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rohde
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Kralisch
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John T. Heiker
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Lecoutre S, Oger F, Pourpe C, Butruille L, Marousez L, Dickes-Coopman A, Laborie C, Guinez C, Lesage J, Vieau D, Junien C, Eberlé D, Gabory A, Eeckhoute J, Breton C. Maternal obesity programs increased leptin gene expression in rat male offspring via epigenetic modifications in a depot-specific manner. Mol Metab 2017; 6:922-930. [PMID: 28752055 PMCID: PMC5518658 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity and accelerated growth in neonates predispose offspring to white adipose tissue (WAT) accumulation. In rodents, adipogenesis mainly develops during lactation. The mechanisms underlying the phenomenon known as developmental programming remain elusive. We previously reported that adult rat offspring from high-fat diet-fed dams (called HF) exhibited hypertrophic adipocyte, hyperleptinemia and increased leptin mRNA levels in a depot-specific manner. We hypothesized that leptin upregulation occurs via epigenetic malprogramming, which takes place early during development of WAT. Methods As a first step, we identified in silico two potential enhancers located upstream and downstream of the leptin transcription start site that exhibit strong dynamic epigenomic remodeling during adipocyte differentiation. We then focused on epigenetic modifications (methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone modifications) of the promoter and the two potential enhancers regulating leptin gene expression in perirenal (pWAT) and inguinal (iWAT) fat pads of HF offspring during lactation (postnatal days 12 (PND12) and 21 (PND21)) and in adulthood. Results PND12 is an active period for epigenomic remodeling in both deposits especially in the upstream enhancer, consistent with leptin gene induction during adipogenesis. Unlike iWAT, some of these epigenetic marks were still observable in pWAT of weaned HF offspring. Retained marks were only visible in pWAT of 9-month-old HF rats that showed a persistent “expandable” phenotype. Conclusions Consistent with the DOHaD hypothesis, persistent epigenetic remodeling occurs at regulatory regions especially within intergenic sequences, linked to higher leptin gene expression in adult HF offspring in a depot-specific manner. The white adipose tissue is an important target of developmental programming. Higher leptin gene expression occurs in offspring from obese dams in a depot-specific manner. Leptin upregulation occurs via epigenetic malprogramming during development of adipose tissue. Persistent genomic epigenetic remodeling occurs in adipose tissue of offspring from obese dams. Intergenic regions were more affected than the leptin promoter region in offspring of obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederik Oger
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlène Pourpe
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Butruille
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Marousez
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Dickes-Coopman
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Laborie
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Guinez
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Didier Vieau
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claudine Junien
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; UVSQ, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Univ. Lille, EA4489, Équipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.
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García-Escobar E, Monastero R, García-Serrano S, Gómez-Zumaquero JM, Lago-Sampedro A, Rubio-Martín E, Colomo N, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G. Dietary fatty acids modulate adipocyte TNFa production via regulation of its DNA promoter methylation levels. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:106-112. [PMID: 28575756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The factors regulating TNF alpha (TNFa) levels could be considered therapeutic targets against metabolic syndrome development. DNA methylation is a potent regulator of gene expression and may be associated with protein levels. In this study we investigate whether the effect of dietary fatty acids on TNFa released from adipocytes might be associated with modifications of the TNFa promoter DNA methylation status. A group of rats was assigned to three diets with a different composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Samples of visceral adipose tissues were taken for adipocyte isolation, in which released TNFa levels were measured, and for methylation and expression studies. In addition, 3 T3-L1 cells were treated with palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, with and without 5-Azacitydine (5-AZA). After treatments, cells and supernatants were included in the same analyses as rat samples. TNFa promoter methylation levels, gene expression and secretion were different according to the diets and fatty acid treatments associated with them. Cells treated with 5-AZA displayed higher TNFa levels than in the absence of 5-AZA, without differences between fatty acids. According to our results, dietary fatty acid regulation of adipocyte TNFa levels may be mediated by epigenetic modifications of the TNFa promoter DNA methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva García-Escobar
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain.
| | - Roberto Monastero
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sara García-Serrano
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan M Gómez-Zumaquero
- CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain; ECAI de Genomica del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lago-Sampedro
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
| | - Elehazara Rubio-Martín
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Colomo
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Regional de Malaga, Malaga, Spain; CIBER of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERDEM CB07/08/0019), Málaga, Spain
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Changes in SCD gene DNA methylation after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients are associated with free fatty acids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46292. [PMID: 28393901 PMCID: PMC5385880 DOI: 10.1038/srep46292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD) is considered as playing an important role in the explanation of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the DNA methylation SCD gene promoter is associated with the metabolic improvement in morbidly obese patients after bariatric surgery. The study included 120 subjects with morbid obesity who underwent a laparoscopic Roux-en Y gastric by-pass (RYGB) and a control group of 30 obese subjects with a similar body mass index (BMI) to that found in morbidly obese subjects six months after RYGB. Fasting blood samples were obtained before and at six months after RYGB. DNA methylation was measured by pyrosequencing technology. DNA methylation levels of the SCD gene promoter were lower in morbidly obese subjects before bariatric surgery but increased after RYGB to levels similar to those found in the control group. Changes of DNA methylation SCD gene were associated with the changes of free fatty acids levels (r = −0.442, p = 0.006) and HOMA-IR (r = −0.249, p = 0.035) after surgery. RYGB produces an increase in the low SCD methylation promoter levels found in morbidly obese subjects. This change of SCD methylation levels is associated with changes in FFA and HOMA-IR.
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Raciti GA, Spinelli R, Desiderio A, Longo M, Parrillo L, Nigro C, D'Esposito V, Mirra P, Fiory F, Pilone V, Forestieri P, Formisano P, Pastan I, Miele C, Beguinot F. Specific CpG hyper-methylation leads to Ankrd26 gene down-regulation in white adipose tissue of a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43526. [PMID: 28266632 PMCID: PMC5339897 DOI: 10.1038/srep43526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications alter transcriptional activity and contribute to the effects of environment on the individual risk of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Here, we have estimated the in vivo effect of a fat-enriched diet (HFD) on the expression and the epigenetic regulation of the Ankyrin repeat domain 26 (Ankrd26) gene, which is associated with the onset of these disorders. In visceral adipose tissue (VAT), HFD exposure determined a specific hyper-methylation of Ankrd26 promoter at the −436 and −431 bp CpG sites (CpGs) and impaired its expression. Methylation of these 2 CpGs impaired binding of the histone acetyltransferase/transcriptional coactivator p300 to this same region, causing hypo-acetylation of histone H4 at the Ankrd26 promoter and loss of binding of RNA Pol II at the Ankrd26 Transcription Start Site (TSS). In addition, HFD increased binding of DNA methyl-transferases (DNMTs) 3a and 3b and methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) to the Ankrd26 promoter. More importantly, Ankrd26 down-regulation enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in human sera. Thus, in mice, the exposure to HFD induces epigenetic silencing of the Ankrd26 gene, which contributes to the adipose tissue inflammatory secretion profile induced by high-fat regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Raciti
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Rosa Spinelli
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Parrillo
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Salerno, 84084, Italy
| | - Pietro Forestieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research, Naples, 80131, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
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Prolonged high-fat diet induces gradual and fat depot-specific DNA methylation changes in adult mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43261. [PMID: 28256596 PMCID: PMC5335669 DOI: 10.1038/srep43261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFD) are thought to contribute to the development of metabolism-related diseases. The long-term impact of HFD may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, and indeed, HFD has been reported to induce DNA methylation changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) near metabolism related genes. However, previous studies were limited to a single WAT depot, a single time-point and primarily examined the pre-pubertal period. To define dynamic DNA methylation patterns specific for WAT depots, we investigated DNA methylation of Pparg2 and Leptin in gonadal adipose tissue (GAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 weeks of HFD exposure in adult mice. HFD induced hypermethylation of both the Leptin promoter (max. 19.6% at week 24, P = 2.6·10−3) and the Pparg2 promoter in GAT (max. 10.5% at week 12, P = 0.001). The differential methylation was independent of immune cell infiltration upon HFD exposure. In contrast, no differential methylation in the Pparg2 and Leptin promoter was observed in SAT. Leptin and Pparg2 DNA methylation were correlated with gene expression in GAT. Our study shows that prolonged exposure to HFD in adulthood is associated with a gradually increasing DNA methylation level at the Leptin and Pparg2 promoters in a depot-specific manner.
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Bernstein D, Golson ML, Kaestner KH. Epigenetic control of β-cell function and failure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 123:24-36. [PMID: 27918975 PMCID: PMC5250585 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a highly heritable disease, but only ∼15% of this heritability can be explained by known genetic variant loci. In fact, body mass index is more predictive of diabetes than any of the common risk alleles identified by genome-wide association studies. This discrepancy may be explained by epigenetic inheritance, whereby changes in gene regulation can be passed along to offspring. Epigenetic changes throughout an organism's lifetime, based on environmental factors such as chemical exposures, diet, physical activity, and age, can also affect gene expression and susceptibility to diabetes. Recently, novel genome-wide assays of epigenetic marks have resulted in a greater understanding of how genetics, epigenetics, and the environment interact in the development and inheritance of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bernstein
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Indrio F, Martini S, Francavilla R, Corvaglia L, Cristofori F, Mastrolia SA, Neu J, Rautava S, Russo Spena G, Raimondi F, Loverro G. Epigenetic Matters: The Link between Early Nutrition, Microbiome, and Long-term Health Development. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:178. [PMID: 28879172 PMCID: PMC5572264 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are among the most important mechanisms by which environmental factors can influence early cellular differentiation and create new phenotypic traits during pregnancy and within the neonatal period without altering the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence. A number of antenatal and postnatal factors, such as maternal and neonatal nutrition, pollutant exposure, and the composition of microbiota, contribute to the establishment of epigenetic changes that can not only modulate the individual adaptation to the environment but also have an influence on lifelong health and disease by modifying inflammatory molecular pathways and the immune response. Postnatal intestinal colonization, in turn determined by maternal flora, mode of delivery, early skin-to-skin contact and neonatal diet, leads to specific epigenetic signatures that can affect the barrier properties of gut mucosa and their protective role against later insults, thus potentially predisposing to the development of late-onset inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to outline the epigenetic mechanisms of programming and development acting within early-life stages and to examine in detail the role of maternal and neonatal nutrition, microbiota composition, and other environmental factors in determining epigenetic changes and their short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Indrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Martini
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Corvaglia
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Josef Neu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Giovanna Russo Spena
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University "Federico II" di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Loverro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
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49
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Short Chain Fatty Acids Prevent High-fat-diet-induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating G Protein-coupled Receptors and Gut Microbiota. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37589. [PMID: 27892486 PMCID: PMC5124860 DOI: 10.1038/srep37589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms by which short chain fatty acids (SCFA) reduce body weight may assist in the development of an effective weight control strategy. Dietary supplementation of acetate, propionate, butyrate or their admixture was shown to significantly inhibit the body weight gain induced by high-fat diet feeding. Supplementation of SCFAs caused significant changes in the expressions of G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and GPR41 characterized by increases in the adipose tissue and reductions in the colon. Additionally, they influenced the bacterial community structure in feces, with a reduction in the proportion of Firmicutes and an increase in the proportion of Bacteroidetes. The effects of dietary SCFAs on the GPR expression and gut microbiota composition may further result in body weight reduction by enhancing triglyceride hydrolysis and FFA oxidation in the adipose tissue, promoting beige adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and inhibiting chronic inflammation.
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50
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Abdelmagid SA, MacKinnon JL, Janssen SM, Ma DWL. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Exercise in Breast Cancer Prevention: Identifying Common Targets. Nutr Metab Insights 2016; 9:71-84. [PMID: 27812288 PMCID: PMC5089819 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s39043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and exercise are recognized as important lifestyle factors that significantly influence breast cancer risk. In particular, dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer prevention. Growing evidence also demonstrates a role for exercise in cancer and chronic disease prevention. However, the potential synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise is yet to be determined. This review explores targets for breast cancer prevention that are common between n-3 PUFA intake and exercise and that may be important study outcomes for future research investigating the combined effect of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise. These lines of evidence highlight potential new avenues for research and strategies for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Abdelmagid
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L MacKinnon
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Janssen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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