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Gao Q, Wu H, Chen M, Gu X, Wu Q, Xie T, Sui X. Active metabolites combination therapies: towards the next paradigm for more efficient and more scientific Chinese medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392196. [PMID: 38698817 PMCID: PMC11063311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae have been studied extensively in various human diseases and have proven to be effective due to their multi-component, multi-target advantage. However, its active metabolites are not clear and the specific mechanisms are not well established, which limits its scientific application. Recently, combination therapies are attracting increasing attention from the scientific community in the past few years and are considered as the next paradigm in drug discovery. Here, we tried to define a new concept of "active metabolites combination therapies (AMCT)" rules to elucidate how the bioactive metabolites from TCMs to produce their synergistic effects in this review. The AMCT rules integrate multidisciplinary technologies like molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, analytical chemistry and pharmacodynamics, etc. Meanwhile, emerging technologies such as multi-omics combined analysis, network analysis, artificial intelligence conduce to better elucidate the mechanisms of these combination therapies in disease treatment, which provides new insights for the development of novel active metabolites combination drugs. AMCT rules will hopefully further guide the development of novel combination drugs that will promote the modernization and international needs of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Xidong Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Hassanin HA, Taha A, Ibrahim HIM, Ahmed EA, Mohamed H, Ahmed H. Cytotoxic activity of bimetallic Ag@Se green synthesized nanoparticles using Jerusalem Thorn ( Parkinsonia aculeata). Front Chem 2024; 12:1343506. [PMID: 38591059 PMCID: PMC11000268 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1343506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The process of green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is considered to be eco-friendly and cost-effective. Methods: In this study, bimetallic Ag@Se-P and Ag@Se-S nanoparticles were synthesized successfully using Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts and seed extracts. The phytochemical contents in P. aculeata aerial parts and seed aqueous extract serve as reducing and stabilizing capping agents without the need for any chemical stabilization additive in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles. Result and Discussion: The obtained results from UV-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles with cluster irregular spherical morphology, crystalline nature, and average particle sizes of 17.65 and 24.36 nm for Ag@Se-S and Ag@Se-P, respectively. The cytotoxicity assessment of greenly synthesized nanomaterials using seed and plant extracts showed cell inhibition >50 μg/mL. Ag@Se-S and Ag@Se-P seed and plant extracts significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammation, which was assessed by NO and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The mRNA and protein expression levels of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) were significantly overexpressed in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell lines. Ag@Se-S and Ag@Se-P downregulated the expression of PI3K and NFkB in LPS-induced cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Hassanin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amel Taha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hufof, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences and Educational Trust, Pondicherry, India
| | - Emad A. Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Lab of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Hisham Mohamed
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Hufof, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agricultural, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ahmed
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Khalil HH, El-Sheshtawy MM, Khattab SN, Abu-Serie MM, Shehat MG, Teleb M, Haiba NS. Chemosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer to sorafenib via non-hydroxamate s-triazinedione-based MMP-9/10 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107155. [PMID: 38306827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be a leading cause of cancer death. Its fatality is associated with angiogenesis and metastasis. While VEGFR inhibitors are expected to be the central pillar for halting lung cancer, several clinical reports declared their subpar activities as monotherapy. These results directed combination studies of VEGFR inhibitors, especially sorafenib (Nexavar®), with various chemotherapeutic agents. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors are seldom utilized in such combinations despite the expected complementary therapeutic outcome. This could be attributed to the clinical unsuitability of MMP inhibitors from the hydroxamate family. Herein, we report new non-hydroxamate s-triazinedione-based inhibitors of MMP-9 (6b; IC50 = 0.112 μM), and MMP-10 (6e; IC50 = 0.076 μM) surpassing the hydroxamate inhibitor NNGH for chemosensitization of NSCLC to sorafenib. MMPs inhibition profiling of the hits revealed MMP-9 over -2 and MMP-10 over -13 selectivity. 6b and 6e were potent (IC50 = 0.139 and 0.136 µM), safe (SI up to 6.77) and superior to sorafenib (IC50 = 0.506 µM, SI = 6.27) against A549 cells. When combined with sorafenib, the studied MMP inhibitors enhanced its cytotoxic efficacy up to 26 folds as confirmed by CI and DRI values for 6b (CI = 0.160 and DRI = 22.175) and 6e (CI = 0.096 and DRI = 29.060). 6b and 6e exerted anti-invasive activities in A549 cells as single agents (22.66 and 39.67 %) and in sorafenib combinations (29.96 and 91.83 %) compared to untreated control. Both compounds downregulated VEGF in A549 cells by approximately 70 % when combined with sorafenib, highlighting enhanced anti-angiogenic activities. Collectively, combinations of 6b and 6e with sorafenib demonstrated synergistic NSCLC cytotoxicity with pronounced anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic activities introducing a promising start point for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam H Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Sheshtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
| | - Michael G Shehat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt; Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesreen S Haiba
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Egypt
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El-Fakharany EM, Abu-Serie MM, Ibrahim A, Eltarahony M. Anticancer activity of lactoferrin-coated biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles for combating different human cancer cells via mediating apoptotic effects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9579. [PMID: 37311791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to develop a novel nanocombination with high selectivity against several invasive cancer cells, sparing normal cells and tissues. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) has recently captured the interest of numerous medical fields owing to its biological activities and well-known immunomodulatory effects. BLF is an ideal protein to be encapsulated or adsorbed into selenium nanocomposites (Se NPs) in order to produce stable nanocombinations with potent anticancer effects and improved immunological functions. The biosynthesis of the functionalized Se NPs was achieved using Rhodotorula sp. strain MZ312359 via a simultaneous bio-reduction approach to selenium sodium salts. The physicochemical properties of Se NPs using SEM, TEM, FTIR, UV Vis, XRD, and EDX confirmed the formation of uniform agglomerated spheres with a size of 18-40 nm. Se NPs were successfully embedded in apo-LF (ALF), forming a novel nanocombination of ALF-Se NPs with a spherical shape and an average nanosize of less than 200 nm. The developed ALF-Se NPs significantly displayed an effective anti-proliferation efficiency against many cancer cells, including MCF-7, HepG-2, and Caco-2 cell lines, as compared to Se NPs and ALF in free forms. ALF-Se NPs showed a significant selectivity impact (> 64) against all treated cancer cells at IC50 63.10 ≤ μg/mL, as well as the strongest upregulation of p53 and suppression of Bcl-2, MMP-9, and VEGF genes. Besides, ALF-Se NPs were able to show the maximum activation of transcrition of key redox mediator (Nrf2) with suppression in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels inside all treated cancer cells. This study demonstrates that this novel nanocombination of ALF-Se NPs has superior selectivity and apoptosis-mediating anticancer activity over free ALF or individual form of Se NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GE‑BRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Ibrahim
- Botany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El‑Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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Differential Apoptotic Effects of Bee Product Mixtures on Normal and Cancer Hepatic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030615. [PMID: 36978864 PMCID: PMC10045410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most effective anticancer drugs normally generate considerable cytotoxicity in normal cells; therefore, the preferential activation of apoptosis in cancer cells and the reduction of toxicity in normal cells is a great challenge in cancer research. Natural products with selective anticancer properties used as complementary medicine can help to achieve this goal. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the addition of bee products [propolis (PR) or royal jelly (RJ) or propolis and royal jelly (PR+RJ), 2–10%] to thyme (TH) and chestnut honeys (CH) on the differential anticancer properties, mainly the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, in normal and cancer hepatic cells. The cytotoxic effects of samples were analyzed using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (0–250 mg/mL) and the effects on apoptosis were analyzed using cell cycle analysis, TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DR5 (Death Receptor 5) and BAX (BCL-2-Associated X) activation, and caspases 8, 9, and 3 activities. Both honey samples alone and honey mixtures had no or very little apoptotic effect on normal cells. Antioxidant honey mixtures enhanced the apoptotic capacity of the corresponding honey alone via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Of all the samples, chestnut honey enriched with 10% royal jelly and 10% propolis (sample 14, CH+10RJ+10PR) showed the highest apoptotic effect on tumor liver cells. The enrichment of monofloral honey with bee products could be used together with conventional anticancer treatments as a dietary supplement without side effects. On the other hand, it could be included in the diet as a natural sweetener with high added value.
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Stabilization of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Nano-Selenium Using Anoectochilus burmannicus Extract as a Potential Novel Functional Ingredient. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041018. [PMID: 36839375 PMCID: PMC9962956 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoectochilus burmannicus is an orchid that contains phenolic compounds and exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties. This study aimed to investigate whether its ethanolic extract (ABE) can be used as a reducing agent and/or a stabilizer of nano-selenium (SeNP) synthesis. SeNPs exhibited higher antioxidant activity than ABE-SeNPs. In contrast, ABE-SeNP (4 µM Se) had greater anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced macrophages than SeNPs. Interestingly, ABE acted as a stabilizer for SeNPs by preventing particle aggregation and preserving its antioxidant activity after long-term storage (90 days). Moreover, after the freeze-drying process, ABE-SeNPs could be completely reconstituted to suspension with significantly stable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities compared to freshly prepared particles, suggesting the cryoprotectant and/or lyoprotectant role of ABE. The present study shows the potential of ABE as an effective stabilizer for nanoparticles and provides evidence for the development of ABE-SeNPs as a food supplement or novel functional ingredient for health benefits.
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Network Pharmacological Analysis of a New Herbal Combination Targeting Hyperlipidemia and Efficacy Validation In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1314-1332. [PMID: 36826031 PMCID: PMC9955970 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The network pharmacology (NP) approach is a valuable novel methodology for understanding the complex pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal herbs. In addition, various in silico analysis techniques combined with the NP can improve the understanding of various issues used in natural product research. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of Arum ternata (AT), Poria cocos (PC), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hyperlipidemia after network pharmacologic analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of forty-one key targets was analyzed to discover core functional clusters of the herbal compounds. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis identified significant categories of hypolipidemic mechanisms. The STITCH database indicated a high connection with several statin drugs, deduced by the similarity in targets. AT, PC, and ZO regulated the genes related to the energy metabolism and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFAs). Furthermore, the mixture of three herbs had a combinational effect. The herbal combination exerted superior efficacy compared to a single herb, particularly in regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). In conclusion, the network pharmacologic approach was used to assess potential targets of the herbal combination for treatment. Experimental data from FFA-induced HepG2 cells suggested that the combination of AT, PC, and ZO might attenuate hyperlipidemia and its associated hepatic steatosis.
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Zúñiga-Miranda J, Rodríguez-Pólit C, Mayorga-Ramos A, Guamán LP, Barba-Ostria C. Current Landscape of Methods to Evaluate Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031068. [PMID: 36770734 PMCID: PMC9920787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts have been and continue to be used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, from infectious diseases to cancer, based on their convenience and therapeutic potential. Natural products derived from microbes, plants, and animals offer a broad variety of molecules and chemical compounds. Natural products are not only one of the most important sources for innovative drug development for animal and human health, but they are also an inspiration for synthetic biology and chemistry scientists towards the discovery of new bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals. This is particularly relevant in the current context, where antimicrobial resistance has risen as a global health problem. Thus, efforts are being directed toward studying natural compounds' chemical composition and bioactive potential to generate drugs with better efficacy and lower toxicity than existing molecules. Currently, a wide range of methodologies are used to analyze the in vitro activity of natural extracts to determine their suitability as antimicrobial agents. Despite traditional technologies being the most employed, technological advances have contributed to the implementation of methods able to circumvent issues related to analysis capacity, time, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This review produces an updated analysis of the conventional and current methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pólit
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Biomedical Research Center (CENBIO), Eugenio Espejo School of Health Sciences, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence: (L.P.G.); (C.B.-O.)
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De Leo V, Maurelli AM, Giotta L, Daniello V, Di Gioia S, Conese M, Ingrosso C, Ciriaco F, Catucci L. Polymer Encapsulated Liposomes for Oral Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Hydroxytyrosol. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010790. [PMID: 36614233 PMCID: PMC9821336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a hydrophobic polyphenol from the rhizome of Curcuma spp., while hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a water-soluble polyphenol from Olea europaea. Both show outstanding antioxidant properties but suffer from scarce bioavailability and low stability in biological fluids. In this work, the co-encapsulation of Cur and HT into liposomes was realized, and the liposomal formulation was improved using polymers to increase their survival in the gastrointestinal tract. Liposomes with different compositions were formulated: Type 1, composed of phospholipids and cholesterol; Type 2, also with a PEG coating; and Type 3 providing an additional shell of Eudragit® S100, a gastro-resistant polymer. Samples were characterized in terms of size, morphology, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. All samples were subjected to a simulated in vitro digestion and their stability was investigated. The Eudragit®S100 coating demonstrated prevention of early releases of HT in the mouth and gastric phases, while the PEG shell reduced bile salts and pancreatin effects during the intestinal digestion. In vitro antioxidant activity showed a cumulative effect for Cur and HT loaded in vesicles. Finally, liposomes with HT concentrations up to 40 μM and Cur up to 4.7 μM, alone or in combination, did not show cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.L.); (L.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Maurelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Giotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria Daniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- CNR-IPCF S.S. Bari, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.L.); (L.C.)
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Ji C, Wei C, Li M, Shen S, Zhang S, Hou Y, Wu Y. Bazi Bushen capsule attenuates cognitive deficits by inhibiting microglia activation and cellular senescence. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2025-2039. [PMID: 36263579 PMCID: PMC9590440 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) has anti-ageing properties and is effective in enhancing memory. OBJECTIVE To find evidence supporting the mechanisms and biomarkers by which BZBS functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal, ageing, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide capsule (NMN), BZBS low-dose (LD-BZ) and BZBS high-dose (HD-BZ). The last four groups were subcutaneously injected with d-galactose (d-gal, 100 mg/kg/d) to induce the ageing process. At the same time, the LD-BZ, HD-BZ and NMN groups were intragastrically injected with BZBS (1 and 2 g/kg/d) and NMN (100 mg/kg/d) for treatment, respectively. After 60 days, the changes in overall ageing status, brain neuron morphology, expression of p16INK4a, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), CD11b, Arg1, CD206, Trem2, Ym1 and Fizz1, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors were observed. RESULTS Compared with the mice in the ageing group, the HD-BZ mice exhibited obvious improvements in strength, endurance, motor coordination, cognitive function and neuron injury. The results showed a decrease in p16INK4a, Iba1 and the upregulation of PCNA, PSD95 among brain proteins. The brain mRNA exhibited downregulation of Iba1 (p < 0.001), CD11b (p < 0.001), and upregulation of Arg1 (p < 0.01), CD206 (p < 0.05), Trem2 (p < 0.001), Ym1 (p < 0.01), Fizz1 (p < 0.05) and PSD95 (p < 0.01), as well as improvement of SASP factors. CONCLUSIONS BZBS improves cognitive deficits via inhibition of cellular senescence and microglia activation. This study provides experimental evidence for the wide application of BZBS in clinical practice for cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyuan Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Diseases), Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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Bakasatae N, Sangkaew W, Kunworarath N, Ontong JC, Phoopha S, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Voravuthikunchai SP, Joycharat N. The Standardized Wood Extract of Albizia myriophylla: Its Potential as an Active Ingredient in an Anti-inflammatory Herbal Gel Formulation. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:964-974. [PMID: 34359081 DOI: 10.1055/a-1535-2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Albizia myriophylla has been used in Thai folk medicine for treating inflammation-related diseases. The wood of this medicinal plant is traditionally used as a single herbal drug in the form of an aqueous decoction and as a component in several Thai herbal formulations for the remedy of fever, sore throat, and aphthous ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo the anti-inflammatory potential and possible mechanism of action of the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla as well as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and physicochemical properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla. Results of quantitative HPLC analysis demonstrated that the standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla contained 22.95 mg/g of 8-methoxy-7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone, a bioactive marker compound of A. myriophylla. The standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/v) exhibited remarkable inhibition (54.4 - 80.3%) in the croton oil model of topical inflammation at all assessment times, comparable to standard indomethacin (55.3 - 63.6%). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla, and the result showed that this standardized extract decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The developed herbal gel containing standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla (1% w/w) had good physicochemical characteristics and exhibited potent inhibition (51.4 - 77.8%) of inflammation in a rat ear edema model at all assessment times, comparable to indomethacin gel (33.3 - 40.5%). The notable anti-inflammatory activity of standardized wood extract of A. myriophylla and its developed herbal gel formulation indicates their potential application as natural anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Bakasatae
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Warissara Sangkaew
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Kunworarath
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Julalak Chorachoo Ontong
- Cosmetic Technology and Dietary Supplement Products Program, Faculty of Agro and Bio Industry, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Sathianpong Phoopha
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Zhang P, He S, Wu S, Li Y, Wang H, Yan C, Yang H, Li P. Discovering a Multi-Component Combination against Vascular Dementia from Danshen-Honghua Herbal Pair by Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091073. [PMID: 36145294 PMCID: PMC9505896 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Danshen-Honghua (DH) herbal pair exhibits a synergistic effect in protecting the cerebrovascular system from ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the therapeutic effect on vascular dementia (VaD) has not been clarified, and the main active ingredient group has not been clarified. In this work, the chemical constituents in DH herbal pair extract were characterized by UHPLC-QTOF MS, and a total of 72 compounds were identified. Moreover, the DH herbal pair alleviated phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced thrombosis and improved bisphenol F (BPF)- and ponatinib-induced brain injury in zebrafish. Furthermore, the spectrum-effect relationship between the fingerprint of the DH herbal pair and the antithrombotic and neuroprotective efficacy was analyzed, and 11 chemical components were screened out as the multi-component combination (MCC) against VaD. Among them, the two compounds with the highest content were salvianolic acid B (17.31 ± 0.20 mg/g) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (15.85 ± 0.19 mg/g). Finally, we combined these 11 candidate compounds as the MCC and found that it could improve thrombosis and neuronal injury in three zebrafish models and rat bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, which had similar efficacy compared to the DH herbal pair. This study provides research ideas for the treatment of VaD and the clinical application of the DH herbal pair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Yang
- Correspondence: or (H.Y.); or (P.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-8327-1379 (P.L.)
| | - Ping Li
- Correspondence: or (H.Y.); or (P.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-8327-1379 (P.L.)
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Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R, Haron MH, Das S, Lin TS. Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1498-1518. [PMID: 34923947 PMCID: PMC9881085 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211217163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kah Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Huzaimi Haron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +603-91458635; E-mail:
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Antimicrobial Potential of Conjugated Lignin/Morin/Chitosan Combinations as a Function of System Complexity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050650. [PMID: 35625293 PMCID: PMC9137768 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As natural biopolymers, chitosan and lignin are characterized by their good biocompatibility, high biodegradability and satisfactory biosafety. The active polymers’ functional groups are responsible for the potential of these biomaterials for use as carrier matrices in the construction of polymer−drug conjugates with prospective applicability in the fields of medicine, food and agriculture—subjects that have attracted attention in recent years. Hence, the aim of this research was to place substantial emphasis on the antimicrobial potential of flavonoid−biopolymer complex systems by assessment of the probable synergetic, additive or antagonistic effects arising as a function of systemic complexity. The joint implementation of morin, chitosan and lignin in conjugated two- and three-component systems provoked species-dependent antimicrobial synergistic and/or potentiation effects against the activity of the tested bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and the clinical isolate Bacillus cereus. The double combinations of morin−chitosan and morin−lignin resulted in a 100% increase in their inhibitory activity against S. aureus as compared to the pure biocompounds. The inhibitory effects of the three-component system, in decreasing order, were: S. aureus (IZ = 15.7 mm) > P. aeruginosa (IZ = 15 mm) > B. cereus and E. coli (IZ = 14 mm). All tested morin-containing two- and three-component systems exhibited clear and significant potentiation effects, especially against S. aureus and B. cereus. The results obtained are a prerequisite for the potential use of the studied conjugated lignin−morin−chitosan combinations in the construction of novel drug-carrier formulations with improved bioactivities.
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The antihyperlipidemic equivalent combinatorial components from peel of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. J Food Drug Anal 2022; 30:77-87. [PMID: 35647727 PMCID: PMC9930996 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the combinatorial components responsible for the antihyperlipidemic activity of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' (CRC) peels remains unclear, we herein developed a bioactive equivalence oriented feedback screening method to discover the bioactive equivalent combinatorial components (BECCs) from CRC peels. Using palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated hepatocyte model, a combination of 5 polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) including tangeretin, sinensetin, nobiletin, 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone was identified to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic effect of CRC peels. Via evaluation of combination effect by combination index (CI), these 5 PMFs were found to take effect via a synergistic mode. Our data indicated that the antihyperlipidemic mechanism of PMF combination was associated with the inhibition of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and inflammation. Also, the PMF combination exhibited robust antihyperlipidemic effects in HFD-fed rats in vivo. Our study offers evidence-based data to uncover the pharmacological effect of CRC peels.
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Pang HQ, Zhou P, Meng XW, Yang H, Li Y, Xing XD, Wang HY, Yan FR, Li P, Gao W. An image-based fingerprint-efficacy screening strategy for uncovering active compounds with interactive effects in Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153911. [PMID: 35026505 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YDXNT) is a clinically effective herbal prescription used for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Since Chinese medicines (CMs) exert their effects via a "multiple-components and multiple-targets" mode, discovery of the active compounds with interactive effects may contribute to reveal their mechanisms of action. PURPOSE This study aimed to establish an image-based fingerprint-efficacy screening strategy to identify active compounds with interaction effects from CM prescription, using YDXNT to inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation as an instance. METHODS A multi-component random content-oriented chemical library of YDXNT was constructed by uniform design, and their chemical fingerprint was profiled by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Then the neuroinflammation activities of chemical library members of YDXNT were determined by image-based dual phenotypic quantification. Subsequently, fingerprint-efficacy correlation and random forest analysis were applied to predict the potentially active compounds with interactive effects. Finally, the interactive effects among the active compounds were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and apoptosis analysis, and network pharmacology was applied to explore the possible mechanisms. RESULTS Image-based fingerprint-efficacy correlation analysis revealed that six tanshinones (TNs) and four flavonoids (FAs) were potential anti-neuroinflammatory compounds. The inter-family of TNs and FAs possessed obvious interactive effects (combination index ≤ 0.825). Moreover, the combination of scutellarein and tanshinone I (2:1, w/w) was discovered as the possible interactive combinatorial components, which, comparing with individual scutellarein or tanshinone I, shown more powerful effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells. Network pharmacology showed that the active compounds might suppress microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via multiple targets in the T cell receptor, Jak-STAT, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The image-based fingerprint-efficacy strategy simplifies the screening process of efficacious component combinations in CMs for complex diseases, which also offers a promising approach to explore the integrative therapeutic mechanisms of CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu-Dong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang-Rong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No.24, Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Xiong JL, Cai XY, Zhang ZJ, Li Q, Zhou Q, Wang ZT. Elucidating the estrogen-like effects and biocompatibility of the herbal components in the Qing' E formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114735. [PMID: 34637969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Qing' E Formula (QEF) is a compound preparation that was originally recorded in the 'Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy' during the Song Dynasty (10th century CE). It consists of four Chinese medicinal herbs, Eucommiae Cortex (Eucommia ulmoides), Psoraleae Fructus (Psoralea corylifolium), Juglandis Semen (Juglans regia), and Garlic Rhizoma. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), QEF has the ability to tonify the kidney and strengthen muscle and bone. According to the 'kidney governing bone' theory in TCM, QEF is also used to treat the symptoms of climacteric syndrome, especially osteoporosis caused by reduced production of estrogen during the perimenopausal period; however, the therapeutic roles of the individual components of the QEF and their compatibility within the formula has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the compatibility mechanism and estrogen-like action properties of the four herbal components in the QEF was elucidated according to the organizing principle of Chinese medicine formulas using both in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The estrogen-like effects of QEF and its herbal components were investigated in MCF7 and HEK293 cells as well as ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The estrogen-like effects of the QEF and its components were analyzed in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8 and Luciferase reporter gene assays. In the in vivo studies, the blood plasma levels of hormones, lipids, neurotransmitters, aromatase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The histological morphologies of the target organs after exposure to QEF were investigated by HE staining and immunohistochemical methods. The expression levels of estrogen pathway-related proteins and genes in the OVX rats were measured by Western blotting and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. RESULTS The in vitro results showed that the QEF, Eucommia (EC) and Psoralea (PF) promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and upregulated the expression of ERα, ERβ and pS2 genes in the MCF-7 cells. Notably, the QEF demonstrated the most active estrogen-like effects compared to the individual ingredients. The in vivo results showed that the QEF, EC, and PF increased the uterine coefficient, upregulated the expression of both ERs (ERα and ERβ) in the uterus, and increased blood serum hormone levels. QEF and its individual components ameliorated menopausal-derived lipid metabolism dysfunction, increased neurotransmitter production by stimulating the adrenal glands, enhanced the antioxidant activity in the serum by increasing the concentration of SOD, reversed ovariectomy-derived atrophy in the uterus, and reduced the weight gain associated with estrogen reduction in the OVX rats. The QEF also antagonize the loss of appetite of OVX animals caused by feeding Psoralea alone, which could explain the compatibility mechanism of Qing' E Formula with reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The estrogen-like effects of Eucommia and Psoralea were mainly mediated through activation of ERα and ERβ. The phytoestrogen components regulated hormone production and the expression of related proteins and genes, which indicated that these components exhibited estrogen-like therapeutic effects. However, the QEF showed the greatest estrogen-like effects compared to the individual components. Overall, this corroborated the therapeutic prowess of the QEF and clarified the pharmacodynamic interactions between the different components extracts in the QEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Xiong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xin-Yin Cai
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zi-Jia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Qi Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Fernández-Moreno P, Rojas-García A, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Recent Analytical Approaches for the Study of Bioavailability and Metabolism of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:777. [PMID: 35164041 PMCID: PMC8838714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the bioavailability of bioactive compounds is a fundamental step for the development of applications based on them, such as nutraceuticals, functional foods or cosmeceuticals. It is well-known that these compounds can undergo metabolic reactions before reaching therapeutic targets, which may also affect their bioactivity and possible applications. All recent studies that have focused on bioavailability and metabolism of phenolic and terpenoid compounds have been developed because of the advances in analytical chemistry and metabolomics approaches. The purpose of this review is to show the role of analytical chemistry and metabolomics in this field of knowledge. In this context, the different steps of the analytical chemistry workflow (design study, sample treatment, analytical techniques and data processing) applied in bioavailability and metabolism in vivo studies are detailed, as well as the most relevant results obtained from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Patricia Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Rojas-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain; (M.d.l.L.C.-G.); (P.F.-M.); (A.R.-G.); (A.S.-C.)
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Montenegro-Landívar MF, Tapia-Quirós P, Vecino X, Reig M, Valderrama C, Granados M, Cortina JL, Saurina J. Polyphenols and their potential role to fight viral diseases: An overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149719. [PMID: 34438146 PMCID: PMC8373592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, spices, and herbs are a potential source of phenolic acids and polyphenols. These compounds are known as natural by-products or secondary metabolites of plants, which are present in the daily diet and provide important benefits to the human body such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-allergic, antihypertensive and antiviral properties, among others. Plentiful evidence has been provided on the great potential of polyphenols against different viruses that cause widespread health problems. As a result, this review focuses on the potential antiviral properties of some polyphenols and their action mechanism against various types of viruses such as coronaviruses, influenza, herpes simplex, dengue fever, and rotavirus, among others. Also, it is important to highlight the relationship between antiviral and antioxidant activities that can contribute to the protection of cells and tissues of the human body. The wide variety of action mechanisms of antiviral agents, such as polyphenols, against viral infections could be applied as a treatment or prevention strategy; but at the same time, antiviral polyphenols could be used to produce natural antiviral drugs. A recent example of an antiviral polyphenol application deals with the use of hesperidin extracted from Citrus sinensis. The action mechanism of hesperidin relies on its binding to the key entry or spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, the extraction, purification and recovery of polyphenols with potential antiviral activity, which are essential for virus replication and infection without side-effects, have been critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Montenegro-Landívar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Tapia-Quirós
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xanel Vecino
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering-CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Mònica Reig
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Granados
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; CETAQUA, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Javier Saurina
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kaur P, Shergill R, Mehta RG, Singh B, Arora S. Biofunctional significance of multi-herbal combination against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61021-61046. [PMID: 34165748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A multi-herbal combination (MHC) of five herbs, namely Punica granatum L., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and Trigonella corniculata L. was assessed against the paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The animals were randomly assorted into seven groups with six animals in each group. The rats were pre-treated with MHC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) once daily for seven consecutive days via oral route followed by administration of paracetamol (3 g/kg bw) on day 7, an hour after the last administration of MHC and silymarin. It was observed that MHC administration significantly (p ≤ 0.05) overturned the paracetamol-induced increase in serum liver function biomarkers (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), phase I reaction enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), and oxidant biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, and protein content). MHC administration also reinstated the paracetamol-induced significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in haematological indices (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets), phase II reaction enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and DT-diaphorase), membrane-bound enzymes (Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Overall, MHC at 200 mg/kg bw dose significantly (p ≤ 0.05) sheltered the red blood cells from the assault of free radicals, stabilized the structural and functional integrity of hepatocytes, hindered acetaminophen (APAP) biotransformation to its toxic metabolites, and endorsed conjugating abilities to detoxify toxic entities. Furthermore, MHC significantly (p ≤ 0.05) activated enzymatic machinery to scavenge/inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, regulated nucleic acid metabolism, surface potential, and membrane fluidity, attenuated tissue breakdown, quenched peroxyl radicals, and provided protection against tissue injury. The necroinflammatory scores revealed strong evidence of MHC (200 mg/kg bw) effectiveness against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at p ≤ 0.05. The synergistic effect of major inherent phytoconstituents (kaempferol, ellagic acid, and gallic acid), detected by HPLC-PDA, in MHC might have overturned the paracetamol-induced biochemical toxic alterations in rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Robin Shergill
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
- Khalsa College for Women, Amritsar, Punjab, 143002, India.
| | - Rajendra G Mehta
- Cancer Biology Division, IIT Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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21
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El-Wakil MH, Teleb M, Abu-Serie MM, Huang S, Zamponi GW, Fahmy H. Structural optimization, synthesis and in vitro synergistic anticancer activities of combinations of new N3-substituted dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers with cisplatin and etoposide. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105262. [PMID: 34411980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are considered potential drug targets to combat cancer. Combining T-type calcium channel blockers with conventional chemotherapy drugs represents a promising strategy towards successful cancer treatment. From this perspective, we report in this study the design and synthesis of a novel series of N3-sustituted dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) as anticancer adjuvants to cisplatin (Cis) and etoposide (Eto). Full spectral characterization of the new compounds was done using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Structure elucidation was confirmed by 2D NMR 1H-H COSY, HSQC and NOESY experiments. Novel derivatives were tested for their Ca2+ channel blocking activity by employing the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Results demonstrated that most compounds were potential T-type calcium channel blockers with the triazole-based C12 and C13 being the most selective agents against CaV3.2 channel. Further electrophysiological studies demonstrated that C12 and C13 inhibited CaV3.2 currents with respective affinity of 2.26 and 1.27 µM, and induced 5 mV hyperpolarizing shifts in the half-inactivation potential. Subsequently, C12 and C13 were evaluated for their anticancer activities alone and in combination with Cis and Eto against A549 and MDA-MB 231 cancer cells. Interestingly, both compounds exhibited potential anticancer effects with IC50 values < 5 µM. Combination studies revealed that both compounds had synergistic effects (combination index CI < 1) on Cis and Eto through induction of apoptosis (p53 activation and up-regulation of BAX and p21 gene expression). Importantly, in silico physicochemical and ADMET assessment of both compounds revealed their potential drug-like properties with decreased risk of cardiac toxicity. Hence, C12 and C13 are promising anticancer adjuvants through inhibition of CaV3.2 T-type calcium channels, thereby serving as eminent leads for further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H El-Wakil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hesham Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.
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22
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Ma Y, Huang B, Tang W, Li P, Chen J. Characterization of chemical constituents and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of San Miao Wan by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1178:122793. [PMID: 34130203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
San Miao Wan (SMW), composed of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, is widely used for the treatment of gout, hyperuricemia and other diseases. In the present study, an overall identification strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS) method was established to characterize the multiple chemical constituents of SMW and its metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of SMW. A total of 76 constituents including alkaloids, organic acids, lactones, terpenes, saponins, sterones and others types of components were identified in the extract of SMW. After the oral administration of SMW, 47 prototype constituents and 66 metabolites were identified in rat plasma samples. The related metabolic pathways mainly involved reduction, demethylation, hydroxylation, methylation and glucuronide conjunction. The proposed method could be a useful approach to identify the chemical constituents of SMW and its metabolic components. Our study provide a universal strategy for the analysis of the components and metabolites of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCP) extracts and plasma after administration using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS method. It will assist with clarifying the substance basis of effective components in SMW. It also provides a rapid method for overall analysis of chemical constituents and metabolites of SMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bixia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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23
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Seyed MA, Ayesha S, Azmi N, Al-Rabae FM, Al-Alawy AI, Al-Zahrani OR, Hawsawi Y. The neuroprotective attribution of Ocimum basilicum: a review on the prevention and management of neurodegenerative disorders. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bioactive principles from various natural resources including medicinal herbs have always played a crucial role in healthcare settings and increasingly became key players in drug discovery and development for many biopharmaceutical applications. Additionally, natural products (NPs) have immense arrangement of distinctive chemical structures with diverse functional groups that motivated numerous investigators including synthetic chemists to discover new therapeutic entities. Numerous pre-clinical investigations involving the animal models have evident the usefulness of these NPs against various human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders (NDs).
Main text
Ocimum basilicum Linn (O. basilicum L.), also known as sweet basil, is well practiced in traditional healthcare systems and has been used to treat various human illnesses, which include malaria, skin disease, diarrhea, bronchitis, dysentery, arthritis, eye diseases, and insect bites and emphasize the significance of the ethno-botanical approach as a potential source of novel drug leads With the growing interest in advanced techniques, herbal medicine and medicinal plants explorations are still considered to be a novel resource for new pharmacotherapeutic discovery and development. O. basilicum L and its bioactive principles including apigenin, eugenol, myretenal, β-sitosterol, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, essential oil (EO)-rich phenolic compounds, and others like anthocyanins and flavones could be of therapeutic values in NDs by exhibiting their neuro-protective efficacy on various signaling pathways. The present comprehensive review collected various related information using the following searching engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, etc. and focused mainly the English written documents. The search period comprised of last two decades until present.
Conclusion
Although these efficacious plant genera of prime importance and has potential medical and socioeconomic importance, yet the pivotal evidence for its neuroprotective potential in novel clinical trials remains lacking. However, with the available wealth of obtainable literature on this medicinal plant, which supports this review and concludes that O. basilicum L may function as a promising therapeutics for the treatment of NDs.
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Chen YH, Bi JH, Xie M, Zhang H, Shi ZQ, Guo H, Yin HB, Zhang JN, Xin GZ, Song HP. Classification-based strategies to simplify complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the last decade (2011-2020): Theory, technical route and difficulty. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462307. [PMID: 34161837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The difficulty of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches lies in the complexity of components, metabolites, and bioactivities. For a long time, there has been a lack of connections among the three parts, which is not conducive to the systematic elucidation of TCM effectiveness. To overcome this problem, a classification-based methodology for simplifying TCM researches was refined from literature in the past 10 years (2011-2020). The theoretical basis of this methodology is set theory, and its core concept is classification. Its starting point is that "although TCM may contain hundreds of compounds, the vast majority of these compounds are structurally similar". The methodology is composed by research strategies for components, metabolites and bioactivities of TCM, which are the three main parts of the review. Technical route, key steps and difficulty are introduced in each part. Two perspectives are highlighted in this review: set theory is a theoretical basis for all strategies from a conceptual perspective, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a common tool for all strategies from a technical perspective. The significance of these strategies is to simplify complex TCM researches, integrate isolated TCM researches, and build a bridge between traditional medicines and modern medicines. Potential research hotspots in the future, such as discovery of bioactive ingredients from TCM metabolites, are also discussed. The classification-based methodology is a summary of research experience in the past 10 years. We believe it will definitely provide support and reference for the following TCM researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jing-Hua Bi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Qi Shi
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory for Identification and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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25
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Martínez Sánchez S, Domínguez-Perles R, Montoro-García S, Gabaldón JA, Guy A, Durand T, Oger C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Bioavailable phytoprostanes and phytofurans from Gracilaria longissima have anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5166-5178. [PMID: 32432610 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An array of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects has been described in several species of macroalgae. Among them, phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), both autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been seen to exert immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities in vitro. The purpose of this study was to explore the bioaccesibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of PhytoPs and PhytoFs obtained from the edible red algae Gracilaria longissima, and to gain insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of their bioavailable fraction in human endothelial cells. METHODS The PhytoPs and PhytoFs profile and concentration of G. longissima were determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Algal samples were processed following a standardised digestion method including gastric, intestinal, and gastrointestinal digestion. The bioavailability of the PhytoPs and PhytoFs in the characterized fractions was assessed in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of the intestinal barrier. The inflammation response of these prostaglandin-like compounds in human endothelial cells, after intestinal absorption, was investigated in vitro. RESULTS Simulated digestions significantly reduced the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs up to 1.17 and 0.42 μg per 100 g, respectively, on average, although permeability through the Caco-2 cell monolayer was high (up to 88.2 and 97.7%, on average, respectively). PhytoP and PhytoF-enriched extracts of raw algae impaired the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 inflammation markers. The inflammation markers progressed in contrast to the relative concentrations of bioactive oxylipins, suggesting pro- or anti-inflammatory activity on their part. In this aspect, the cross-reactivity of these compounds with diverse receptors, and their relative concentration could explain the diversity of the effects found in the current study. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PhytoPs and PhytoFs display complex pharmacological profiles probably mediated through their different actions and affinities in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez Sánchez
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - R Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain.
| | - S Montoro-García
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Gabaldón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - C Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - F Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Li L, Zhang J, Lin T, Jiang Y, Liu B. Screening of hypolipidemic active components in Jiang-Zhi-Ning and its preliminary mechanism research based on "active contribution value" study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 272:113926. [PMID: 33596472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiang-Zhi-Ning (JZN) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has the effect of lowering blood lipid level and softening blood vessels. It is clinically used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia with significant curative effect. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to screen the active components of JZN that are responsible for its blood lipids lowering effect and lay the foundation for elucidating pharmacodynamic material basis of the hypolipidemic effect of the formula. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hyperlipidemia model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the JZN effective extraction with the TC and TG of rat plasma as evaluation index. Then the established ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MSn) method was utilized to analyze the components of JZN effective extraction and the absorbed components in rat plasma, the potential active components were screened by using the combined analysis results of in vivo and in vitro component identification. Then an established ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MSn) method was used to determine the content of potential active components and its natural ratio in JZN effective extraction, and a potential active components combination (PACC) was formed accordingly. Then a HepG2 cell hyperlipidemia model induced by sodium oleate was used to study the hypolipidemic activity of PACC by detecting the content of TG level in the model. Meanwhile, the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to conduct preliminary research on its hypolipidemic mechanism. Then combined with the concept of "combination index" in the "median-effect principle", to calculate the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PACC and each monomer component on inhibiting the TG level in the cell model. Subsequently, the "activity contribution study" was carried out, and the components with the sum of the "activity contribution value" of 85% were finally selected as the hypolipidemic active components of JZN. RESULTS The pharmacodynamics results showed that JZN effective extraction has displayed a good hypolipidemic effect. 45 components were identified in vitro, 108 components were identified from rat plasma, and 17 potential active components were screened out. The content determination result showed that the ratio of each potential active components in PACC as following: cassiaside C: rubrofusarin-6-O-gentiobioside: aurantio-obtusin-6-O-glucoside: hyperoside: isoquercitrin: quercetin-3-O-glucuronide: (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-glucoside: rutin: emodin-8-O-glucoside: astragalin: armepavine: N-nornuciferine: coclaurine: O-nornuciferine: nuciferine: N-norarmepavine: higenamine = 3.30: 16.06: 9.15: 23.94: 98.40: 417.45: 189.68: 8.62: 1.28: 5: 3.51: 14.57: 1.06: 1.35: 1: 5.64: 6.06, and the activity study results showed that it has displayed a good hypolipidemic activity. Finally, the hypolipidemic active components screened out by the "activity contribution study" were: quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-glucoside, isoquercitrin, O-nornuciferine, hyperoside and rubrofusarin-6-O-gentiobioside. CONCLUSIONS A scientific and rational approach of screening the hypolipidemic active ingredients of JZN has been developed in the current study. In addition, the research revealed the blood lipid lowering mechanism of those ingredients, which provide a solid basis for further elucidating the hypolipidemic pharmacodynamic material basis and action mechanism of JZN.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/blood
- Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy
- Hypolipidemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypolipidemic Agents/analysis
- Hypolipidemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- Lipids/blood
- Oleic Acid/toxicity
- Phytochemicals/administration & dosage
- Phytochemicals/analysis
- Phytochemicals/chemistry
- Phytochemicals/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Therapeutic Equivalency
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Lihua Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianfeng Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Lim XY, Chan JSW, Tan TYC, Teh BP, Mohd Abd Razak MR, Mohamad S, Syed Mohamed AF. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees, Andrographolide, and Andrographolide Analogues as SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals? A Rapid Review. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211016610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is commonly employed in the search for potential therapeutic agents. Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal plant commonly used for symptomatic relief of the common cold, and its phytoconstituent andrographolide, have been repeatedly identified as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. In light of new evidence emerging since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this rapid review was conducted to identify and evaluate the current SARS-CoV-2 antiviral evidence for A. paniculata, andrographolide, and andrographolide analogs. A systematic search and screen strategy of electronic databases and gray literature was undertaken to identify relevant primary articles. One target-based in vitro study reported the 3CLpro inhibitory activity of andrographolide as being no better than disulfiram. Another Vero cell-based study reported potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity for both andrographolide and A. paniculata extract. Eleven in silico studies predicted the binding of andrographolide and its analogs to several key antiviral targets of SARS-CoV-2 including the spike protein-ACE-2 receptor complex, spike protein, ACE-2 receptor, RdRp, 3CLpro, PLpro, and N-protein RNA-binding domain. In conclusion, in silico and in vitro studies collectively suggest multi-pathway targeting SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties of andrographolide and its analogs, but in vivo data are needed to support these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Janice Sue Wen Chan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Terence Yew Chin Tan
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Bee Ping Teh
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Abd Razak
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin Mohamad
- Bioinformatics Programme, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics for Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ami Fazlin Syed Mohamed
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Abdel-Tawab M. Considerations to Be Taken When Carrying Out Medicinal Plant Research-What We Learn from an Insight into the IC 50 Values, Bioavailability and Clinical Efficacy of Exemplary Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Components. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:437. [PMID: 34066427 PMCID: PMC8148151 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a big reservoir for discovering new drugs against all kinds of diseases including inflammation. In spite the large number of promising anti-inflammatory plant extracts and isolated components, research on medicinal plants proves to be very difficult. Based on that background this review aims to provide a summarized insight into the hitherto known pharmacologically active concentrations, bioavailability, and clinical efficacy of boswellic acids, curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol. These examples have in common that the achieved plasma concentrations were found to be often far below the determined IC50 values in vitro. On the other hand demonstrated therapeutic effects suggest a necessity of rethinking our pharmacokinetic understanding. In this light this review discusses the value of plasma levels as pharmacokinetic surrogates in comparison to the more informative value of tissue concentrations. Furthermore the need for new methodological approaches is addressed like the application of combinatorial approaches for identifying and pharmacokinetic investigations of active multi-components. Also the physiological relevance of exemplary in vitro assays and absorption studies in cell-line based models is discussed. All these topics should be ideally considered to avoid inaccurate predictions for the efficacy of herbal components in vivo and to unlock the "black box" of herbal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Carl-Mannich-Str. 20, 65760 Eschborn, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-6196-937-955
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Koonrungsesomboon N, Morakote N, Karbwang J. Ethical considerations and challenges in herbal drug trials with the focus on scientific validity and risk assessment. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2396-2402. [PMID: 33222352 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scientific validity and risk assessment are two main ethical issues which raise specific challenges and are unique to clinical trials investigating crude extracts/fractions from herbal materials. There are considerable challenges for both clinical investigators and ethics committee members in dealing with such issues, many of them remain unresolved, resulting in a large variation in ethical requirements, justification, and decisions. Despite a remarkable surge in herbal medicine research globally, a number of clinical investigators or even ethics committee members have limited confidence in dealing with related ethical issues. In this article, we extensively review and discuss the two main ethical issues (i.e., scientific validity and risk assessment) and highlight key considerations that are important for ethical review and justification for the conduct of herbal drug trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nimit Morakote
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Curcuma Longa, the "Golden Spice" to Counteract Neuroinflammaging and Cognitive Decline-What Have We Learned and What Needs to Be Done. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051519. [PMID: 33946356 PMCID: PMC8145550 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the global increase in lifespan, the proportion of people showing cognitive impairment is expected to grow exponentially. As target-specific drugs capable of tackling dementia are lagging behind, the focus of preclinical and clinical research has recently shifted towards natural products. Curcumin, one of the best investigated botanical constituents in the biomedical literature, has been receiving increased interest due to its unique molecular structure, which targets inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These pathways have been shown to be critical for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and more in general for cognitive decline. Despite the substantial preclinical literature on the potential biomedical effects of curcumin, its relatively low bioavailability, poor water solubility and rapid metabolism/excretion have hampered clinical trials, resulting in mixed and inconclusive findings. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the potential effects of this natural compound on cognition. Furthermore, we focus on new strategies to overcome current limitations in its use and improve its efficacy, with attention also on gender-driven differences.
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Eltarahony M, Abu-Serie M, Hamad H, Zaki S, Abd-El-Haleem D. Unveiling the role of novel biogenic functionalized CuFe hybrid nanocomposites in boosting anticancer, antimicrobial and biosorption activities. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7790. [PMID: 33833365 PMCID: PMC8032780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quest for eco-friendly and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) is an urgent issue in the agenda of the scientific community and applied technology, which compressing synthesis routes. For the first time, a simple route for the biosynthesis of functionalized CuFe-hybrid nanocomposites (FCFNCs) was achieved using Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus through a simultaneous bioreduction strategy of Cu and Fe salts. The suitability of FCFNCs was evaluated medically and environmentally as an anticancer agent, antimicrobial agent and dye bio-sorbent. The physicochemical characteristics of FCFNCs using XRD, EDX, elemental mapping, FTIR, UV-Vis., TEM and ζ-potential confirmed the formation of spheres agglomerated into chains (37 ± 2.2 nm), self-functionalized nanocomposite by proteinaceous moieties with considerable stability (- 26.2 mV). As an anticancer agent, FCFNCs displayed the highest apoptotic impact (> 77.7%) on Caco-2, HepG-2, MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cells at IC50 ≤ 17.21 μg/mL with the maximum up regulation of p53 and caspase 3 expression and the lowest Ki-67 level, relative to both functionalized CuNPs (FCNPs) and FeNPs (FFNPs). Meanwhile, it maintained the viability of normal human cells by EC100 up to 1999.7 μg/mL. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, FCFNCs offered > 70% growth reduction among wide spectrum prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. Additionally, the synergistic feature of FCFNCs disintegrated the pre-established biofilm and algal growth in a dose-dependent manner. However, as a bio-sorbent, FCFNCs decolorized > 68% of malachite green and congo red dyes (200 mg/L), reflecting considerable remediation efficiency, confirmed by FTIR of FCFNCs- adsorbed dyes and microtoxicity/cytotoxicity of solutions after remediation. This study offers new insights into promising CuFe-hybrid nanocomposites for recruitment in several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Eltarahony
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Hesham Hamad
- Fabrication Technology Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Sahar Zaki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Desouky Abd-El-Haleem
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Wang Z, Wan H, Tong X, He Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Shao C, Ding Z, Wan H, Li C. An integrative strategy for discovery of functional compound combination from Traditional Chinese Medicine: Danhong Injection as a model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111451. [PMID: 33714107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine formulas, which are usually considered exerting their holistic clinical benefits via multi-component, multi-target manner, are unique resources for the discovery of multi-component drug combinations. In order to screen and optimize the functional compound combination (FCC) from TCM, we established a novel four-step 'GCIC' strategy, including 'Global profiling', 'Chemical structural classification', 'Intra-group screening' and 'Component-knockout optimization'. Following this strategy, an FCC consisted of four components from Danhong Injection (DHI) was identified, containing ferulic acid, cryptotanshinone, quercetin and anhydrosafflor yellow B. The holistic neuroprotective effects of the FCC were further investigated, indicating that the combination can both activate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses in PC12 cells to protect them from oxidative stress. Major signaling pathways as Nrf2/ARE and Nrf2/AMPK/GSK3β were involved in the protective process of FCC. The 'GCIC' strategy established in this study might provide an alternation to traditional strategies in discovering the bioactive components from herbal medicines, especially compounded TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Haofang Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Chongyu Shao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China.
| | - Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310057, PR China.
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Chen J, Gai X, Xu X, Liu Y, Ren T, Liu S, Ma T, Tian C, Liu C. Research on Quality Markers of Guizhi Fuling Prescription for Endometriosis Treatment Based on Gray Correlation Analysis Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:588549. [PMID: 33510637 PMCID: PMC7835882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Guizhi Fuling prescription (GFP), a prestigious prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) recorded in “Jingui Yaolue,” was composed of five Chinese medicines, including Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Persicae Semen, Poria Cocos, and Cinnamomi Ramulus. It was used for the treatment of endometriosis, primary dysmenorrhea, and blood stasis for centuries. However, its Quality Markers of treating endometriosis have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, a rapid ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was established for Quality Markers investigation on GFP, and a total of 50 potentially bioactive constituents including triterpenoids, paeoniflorin and its derivatives, phenolic acids, and other species were identified based on their retention time, fragmentation pattern, and accurately measured mass value. Furthermore, regularity of recipe composition and gray correlation analysis revealed that all of the characteristic peaks contributed to the treatment of endometriosis. The relative correlation degrees were greater than 0.6. Among them, peaks 1 and 10, which were most closely correlated to the endometriosis, were identified as amygdalin and cinnamic acid. Finally, all of the active ingredients were molecularly docked with proteins associated with endometriosis by Schrodinger method. Among them, amygdalin, cinnamic acid, paeonol, gallic acid, and paeoniflorin had the lower binding energies. It was proposed that these constituents could be directed at Quality Markers for GFP. Thus, the integrated approach describing for revealing Quality Markers of GFP could be expected to provide a method for quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Suxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Ma
- University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Office of Academic Research, Jinan, China
| | - Chengwang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Markers, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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Musillo C, Borgi M, Saul N, Möller S, Luyten W, Berry A, Cirulli F. Natural products improve healthspan in aged mice and rats: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:89-105. [PMID: 33309907 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades a decrease in mortality has paved the way for late onset pathologies such as cardiovascular, metabolic or neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence has led many researchers to shift their focus from researching ways to extend lifespan to finding ways to increase the number of years spent in good health; "healthspan" is indeed the emerging concept of such quest for ageing without chronic or disabling diseases and dysfunctions. Regular consumption of natural products might improve healthspan, although the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. Since preclinical studies aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these compounds are growing, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of natural products on healthspan in mouse and rat models of physiological ageing. Results indicate that natural compounds show robust effects improving stress resistance and cognitive abilities. These promising data call for further studies investigating the underlying mechanisms in more depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy; PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Borgi
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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35
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Chlorogenic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin in LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092706. [PMID: 32899726 PMCID: PMC7551420 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin are well documented. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is a major barrier to its biological efficacy. Low-dose combination of complimentary bioactives appears to be an attractive strategy for limiting barriers to efficacy of bioactive compounds. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA), was investigated using human THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Curcumin alone suppressed TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner with a decrease in cell viability at higher doses. Although treatment with CGA alone had no effect on TNF-α production, it however enhanced cell viability and co-administration with curcumin at a 1:1 ratio caused a synergistic reduction in TNF-α production with no impact on cell viability. Furthermore, an qRT-PCR analysis of NF-κB pathway components and inflammatory biomarkers indicated that CGA alone was not effective in reducing the mRNA expression of any of the tested inflammatory marker genes, except TLR-4. However, co-administration of CGA with curcumin, potentiated the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin. Curcumin and CGA together reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α (~88%) and IL-6 (~99%)], and COX-2 (~92%), possibly by suppression of NF-κB (~78%), IκB-β-kinase (~60%) and TLR-4 receptor (~72%) at the mRNA level. Overall, co-administration with CGA improved the inflammation-lowering effects of curcumin in THP-1 cells.
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Computational approaches for the discovery of natural pancreatic lipase inhibitors as antiobesity agents. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:741-757. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming one of the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century and therefore the development of novel antiobesity drugs is one of the top priorities of global drug research. An important treatment strategy includes the reduction of intestinal fat absorption through the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). Natural products provide a vast pool of PL inhibitors with novel scaffolds that can possibly be developed into clinical products. Computational drug design methods have become increasingly invaluable in the drug discovery process. In recent years, the discovery of new antiobesity PL inhibitors has been facilitated by the application of computational methods. This review highlights some computer-aided drug design techniques utilized in the discovery of natural PL inhibitors.
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Mravčáková D, Komáromyová M, Babják M, Urda Dolinská M, Königová A, Petrič D, Čobanová K, Ślusarczyk S, Cieslak A, Várady M, Váradyová Z. Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow ( Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020219. [PMID: 32013192 PMCID: PMC7070545 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus of small ruminants is an important target for chemoprophylaxis. Repeated use of anthelmintics in the form of synthetic drugs increases the risk of residues in food products and the development of anthelmintic resistance. However, the use of combinations of dry traditional medicinal plants as nutraceuticals is an alternative to chemotherapeutics for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with wormwood, mallow and their mix on parasitological status and inflammatory response in lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. Simultaneously, the present study evaluated by the egg hatch test the in vitro anthelminthic effects of different concentrations (50–1.563 mg/mL) of the aqueous extracts of these plants. Our results revealed that the strong anthelmintic effect of both medicinal plants observed in vitro was not fully confirmed in vivo. This knowledge builds on our previously published findings and highlights that the effect of dry medicinal plants depends on the variety and synergy of plant polyphenols and the combination of bioactive compounds that together have an effect and contribute to a certain pharmacological efficacy. Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Michaela Komáromyová
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Michal Babják
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Michaela Urda Dolinská
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Alžbeta Königová
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniel Petrič
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (M.B.); (M.U.D.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (Z.V.); Tel.: +421-55-633-1411-13 (M.V.); +421-55-792-2972 (Z.V.)
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (D.M.); (D.P.); (K.Č.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (Z.V.); Tel.: +421-55-633-1411-13 (M.V.); +421-55-792-2972 (Z.V.)
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Kumar V, Kumar AA, Joseph V, Dan VM, Jaleel A, Kumar TRS, Kartha CC. Untargeted metabolomics reveals alterations in metabolites of lipid metabolism and immune pathways in the serum of rats after long-term oral administration of Amalaki rasayana. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 463:147-160. [PMID: 31595424 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amalaki rasayana, a traditional preparation, is widely used by Ayurvedic physicians for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Metabolic alterations induced by Amalaki rasayana intervention are unknown. We investigated the modulations in serum metabolomic profiles in Wistar rats following long-term oral administration of Amalaki rasayana. Global metabolic profiling was performed of the serum of rats administered with either Amalaki rasayana (AR) or ghee + honey (GH) for 18 months and control animals which were left untreated. Amalaki rasayana components were confirmed from AR extract using HR-LCMS analysis. Significant reductions in prostaglandin J2, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, and higher levels of reduced glutathione and glycitein metabolites were observed in the serum of AR administered rats compared to the control groups. Eleven different metabolites classified as phospholipids, glycerophospholipids, glucoside derivatives, organic acids, and glycosphingolipid were exclusively observed in the AR administered rats. Pathway analysis suggests that altered metabolites in AR administered rats are those associated with different biochemical pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, leukotriene metabolism, G-protein mediated events, phospholipid metabolism, and the immune system. Targeted metabolomics confirmed the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and arachidonic acid components in the AR extract. The known activities of these components can be correlated with the altered metabolic profile following long-term AR administration. AR also activates IGF1R-Akt-Foxo3 signaling axis in heart tissues of rats administered with AR. Our study identifies AR components that induce alterations in lipid metabolism and immune pathways in animals which consume AR for an extended period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, 695014, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - A Aneesh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, 695014, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinod Joseph
- NCIM Research Centre, National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vipin Mohan Dan
- Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, 695014, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, 695014, Kerala, India.,Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, Kerala, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrasekharan C Kartha
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Trivandrum, 695014, Kerala, India.
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Pang HQ, An HM, Yang H, Wu SQ, Fan JL, Mi L, Wang H, Li P, Gao W. Comprehensive chemical profiling of Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule and its neuroprotective activity evaluation in vitro. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:288-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang L, McClements DJ, Wei Z, Wang G, Liu X, Liu F. Delivery of synergistic polyphenol combinations using biopolymer-based systems: Advances in physicochemical properties, stability and bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2083-2097. [PMID: 31257900 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
When consumed at sufficiently high levels, polyphenols may provide health benefits, which is linked to their antidiabetic, antiinflamatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, and hypolipidemic properties. Moreover, certain polyphenol combinations exhibit synergistic effects when delivered together - the combined polyphenols have a higher biological activity than the sum of the individual ones. However, the commercial application of polyphenols as nutraceuticals is currently limited because of their poor solubility characteristics; instability when exposed to light, heat, and alkaline conditions; and, low and inconsistent oral bioavailability. Colloidal delivery systems are being developed to overcome these challenges. In this article, we review the design, fabrication, and utilization of food-grade biopolymer-based delivery systems for the encapsulation of one or more polyphenols. In particular, we focus on the creation of delivery systems constructed from edible proteins and polysaccharides. The optimization of biopolymer-based delivery systems may lead to the development of innovative polyphenol-enriched functional foods that can improve human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Ma L, Luo S, Zhou L, Zhao Z, Li Q, Xu L, Gong B, Qi W, Zhou T, Yang X, Gao G, Mei W, Yang Z. TanshinoneⅡA phenanthroimidazole derivative polarizes macrophage to improve metabolic homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:861-867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tanod WA, Yanuhar U, Maftuch, Putra MY, Risjani Y. Screening of NO Inhibitor Release Activity from Soft Coral Extracts Origin Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:126-141. [PMID: 30799798 PMCID: PMC6700601 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190222115034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a marine organism, soft corals can be utilized to be various bioactive substances, especially terpenoids and steroids. The soft corals family which produces bioactive generally come from clavulariidae, alcyoniidae, nephtheidae and xeniidae family. OBJECTIVE To investigate the bioactivity of Nitric Oxide (NO) inhibitor release from soft coral crude extracts of Sinularia sp. (SCA), Nephthea sp. (SCB), Sarcophyton sp. (SCC), Sarcophyton sp. (SCD), Sinularia sp. (SCE) and Sinularia sp. (SCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Soft coral is collected from Palu Bay (Central Sulawesi). NO inhibitory release activity measured according to the Griess reaction. Soft corals sample macerated with 1:2 (w/v). Then, Soft coral extracts with the best NO Inhibitor activity partitioned with Dichloromethane, Ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The bioactive of all crude extracts were identified by GC-MS to find compounds with anti-inflammatory potential. RESULTS Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) are able to inhibit NO concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.20 ± 0.04 µM at 20 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents determined and showed the potential as anti-inflammatory in the crude of Sinularia sp. (SCA) were Octacosane (3.25%). In Nephthea sp., (SCB) were Cyclohexene, 6-ethenyl-6- methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethylidene)-,(S)- (0.55%); Azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S-cis)- (0.53%); and 1,7,7-Trimethyl- 2-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (4.72%). In Sarcophyton sp, (SCC) were Eicosane (0.12%); Nonacosane (10.7%); 14(β)-Pregnane (0.87%); Octacosane 6.39%); and Tricosane (1.53%). In Sarcophyton sp. (SCD) were 14(β)-Pregnane (2.69%); and Octadecane (27.43%). In crude of Sinularia sp. (SCE) were Oleic Acid (0.63%); 7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (0.54%); 14(β)-Pregnane (1.07%); 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, ethyl ester, (all-Z)- (4.60%); Octacosane (7.75%); and 1,2-Benzisothiazole, 3-(hexahydro-1Hazepin- 1-yl)-, 1,1-dioxide (1.23%). In the crude of Sinularia sp., (SCF) were Oxirane, decyl- (1.38%); Nonacosane (0.57%); Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- (0.61%); 14B-Pregnane (0.76%); and Tetratriacontane (1.02%). CONCLUSION The extract of Sarcophyton sp. (SCC) and Sinularia sp. (SCF) showed the best NO inhibitory release activity. This study is making soft corals from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia can become a potential organism in the discovery and development of bioactive substances anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Alexander Tanod
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.,Institute of Fisheries and Marine (Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan dan Kelautan), Palu, Central Sulawesi, 94118, Indonesia
| | - Uun Yanuhar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Maftuch
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
| | | | - Yenny Risjani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia.,Central Laboratory of Life Science (LSIH), Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
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Kaur P, Robin, Mehta RG, Singh B, Arora S. Development of aqueous-based multi-herbal combination using principal component analysis and its functional significance in HepG2 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:18. [PMID: 30646883 PMCID: PMC6334454 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study was carried out to prepare multi-herbal combination via comparing antioxidant activity and polyphenolic composition of five medicinal plant extracts of Punica granatum L., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and Trigonella corniculata L. Methods The herbs were individually evaluated using in vitro antioxidant assays and analyzed by HPLC-PDA. The resultant data was examined using principal component analysis (PCA). Further, herbal combination was prepared on the basis of PCA. Results The PCA divided the plants into three groups. The leading or primary group contained P. granatum and P. roxburghii with the highest antioxidant activity strongly correlated with high amount of kaempferol. S. chirata was acknowledged as nourisher herb in one and T. cordifolia and T. corniculata were identified as stimulator herbs in other group. The herbal combination exhibited high antioxidant activity as compared to the individual plants. The combination revealed good antiproliferative efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with IC50 of 75.864 μg/ml. Conclusions The activity observed in vitro with HepG2 cells suggests that the herbal combination can provide therapeutic activity in vivo in future. The study may provide information regarding precise preparation of multi-herbal formulations using PCA as a tool in pharmaceutical industries. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2432-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Liao W, Ma X, Li J, Li X, Guo Z, Zhou S, Sun H. A review of the mechanism of action of Dantonic® for the treatment of chronic stable angina. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:690-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Liu LL, Liu Q, Li P, Liu EH. Discovery of synergistic anti-inflammatory compound combination from herbal formula GuGe FengTong Tablet. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:683-692. [PMID: 30269845 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multi-components in herbal formulae exert holistic effects in synergistic or additive manners. However, appropriate strategies and supportive evidences are still lacking to uncover the synergistic or additive combinations. The present investigation aimed at seeking a screening strategy to identify the targeted combinations in GuGe FengTong Tablet (GGFTT), an herbal formula. Two compounds, belonging to different chemical classes, were combined with different concentration ratios and their anti-inflammation effects were investigated. The most significant anti-inflammatory combinations were evaluated by combination index (CI) method (additive effect, CI = 1; synergism, CI < 1; antagonism, CI > 1). The modulating effects of candidate combinations on pro-inflammatory cytokines and MAPKs signaling pathway were also detected. Two combinations, "biochanin A + 6-gingerol" (Bio-6G) and "genistein + 6-gingerol" (Gen-6G), showed synergistic effects (CI < 1), and Bio-6G was selected for further study. Compared with single compound, Bio-6G could synergistically inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and the activation of MAPKs signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The combined results showed that Bio-6G was a synergistic anti-inflammatory combination in GGFTT. Our results could provide a useful strategy to screen the synergistic combinations in herbal formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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46
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Dai XM, Cui DN, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu FG. Systems Pharmacology Based Strategy for Q-Markers Discovery of HuangQin Decoction to Attenuate Intestinal Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:236. [PMID: 29615909 PMCID: PMC5870050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is lagged far behind the space of progress in modernization and globalization. Thus the concept of quality marker (Q-marker) was proposed recently to guide the quality investigations of TCM. However, how to discover and validate the Q-marker is still a challenge. In this paper, a system pharmacology based strategy was proposed to discover Q-marker of HuangQin decoction (HQD) to attenuate Intestinal Damage. Using this strategy, nine measurable compounds including paeoniflorin, baicalin, scutellarein, liquiritigenin, norwogonin, baicalein, glycyrrhizic acid, wogonin, and oroxylin A were screened out as potential markers. Standard references of these nine compounds were pooled together as components combination according to their corresponding concentration in HQD. The bioactive equivalence between components combination and HQD was validated using wound healing test and inflammatory factor determination experiment. The comprehensive results indicated that components combination is almost bioactive equivalent to HQD and could serve as the Q-markers. In conclusion, our study put forward a promising strategy for Q-markers discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ni Cui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Tewari D, Stankiewicz AM, Mocan A, Sah AN, Tzvetkov NT, Huminiecki L, Horbańczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Dementia Therapy and Significance of Natural Products and Herbal Drugs. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29483867 PMCID: PMC5816049 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a clinical syndrome wherein gradual decline of mental and cognitive capabilities of an afflicted person takes place. Dementia is associated with various risk factors and conditions such as insufficient cerebral blood supply, toxin exposure, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and often coexisting with some neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although there are well-established (semi-)synthetic drugs currently used for the management of AD and AD-associated dementia, most of them have several adverse effects. Thus, traditional medicine provides various plant-derived lead molecules that may be useful for further medical research. Herein we review the worldwide use of ethnomedicinal plants in dementia treatment. We have explored a number of recognized databases by using keywords and phrases such as “dementia”, “Alzheimer's,” “traditional medicine,” “ethnopharmacology,” “ethnobotany,” “herbs,” “medicinal plants” or other relevant terms, and summarized 90 medicinal plants that are traditionally used to treat dementia. Moreover, we highlight five medicinal plants or plant genera of prime importance and discuss the physiological effects, as well as the mechanism of action of their major bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and dementia is also discussed. We conclude that several drugs of plant origin may serve as promising therapeutics for the treatment of dementia, however, pivotal evidence for their therapeutic efficacy in advanced clinical studies is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Adrian M Stankiewicz
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular Biology Roumen Tsanev, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lukasz Huminiecki
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shi W, Zhang C, Zhao D, Wang L, Li P, Li H. Discovery of Hepatotoxic Equivalent Combinatorial Markers from Dioscorea bulbifera tuber by Fingerprint-Toxicity Relationship Modeling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:462. [PMID: 29323207 PMCID: PMC5764974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to extremely chemical complexity, identification of potential toxicity-related constituents from an herbal medicine (HM) still remains challenging. Traditional toxicity-guided separation procedure suffers from time- and labor-consumption and neglects the additive effect of multi-components. In this study, we proposed a screening strategy called “hepatotoxic equivalent combinatorial markers (HECMs)” for a hepatotoxic HM, Dioscorea bulbifera tuber (DBT). Firstly, the chemical constituents in DBT extract were globally characterized. Secondly, the fingerprints of DBT extracts were established and their in vivo hepatotoxicities were tested. Thirdly, three chemometric tools including partial least squares regression (PLSR), back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) and cluster analysis were applied to model the fingerprint-hepatotoxicity relationship and to screen hepatotoxicity-related markers. Finally, the chemical combination of markers was subjected to hepatotoxic equivalence evaluation. A total of 40 compounds were detected or tentatively characterized. Two diterpenoid lactones, 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate (EEA) and diosbulbin B (DIOB), were discovered as the most hepatotoxicity-related markers. The chemical combination of EEA and DIOB, reflecting the whole hepatotoxicity of original DBT extract with considerable confidential interval, was verified as HECMs for DBT. The present study is expected not only to efficiently discover hepatotoxicity-related markers of HMs, but also to rationally evaluate/predict the hepatotoxicity of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Chawda PJ, Shi J, Xue S, Young Quek S. Co-encapsulation of bioactives for food applications. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Abu-Serie MM, El-Fakharany EM. Efficiency of novel nanocombinations of bovine milk proteins (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) for combating different human cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16769. [PMID: 29196676 PMCID: PMC5711920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine lactoperoxidase (LPO) and lactoferrin (LF) are suitable proteins to be loaded or adsorbed to chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) for preparing stable nanoformulations with potent anticancer activity. In the present study, nanocombinations of LPO and LF revealed improvement in their stability and activity compared to single (free or nanoformulated) bovine proteins. The coating or loading of LPO-loaded NPs with LF resulted in the highest synergistic cytotoxicity effect against Caco-2, HepG-2, MCF-7 and PC-3 cells in comparison with other NPs and free proteins without causing toxicity toward normal cells. This synergistic improvement in the anticancer activity was apoptosis-dependent that was confirmed by severe alterations in cellular morphology, high percentage of annexin-stained cells and sub-G1 populations as well as nuclear staining with orange fluorescence of treated cancer cells. Additionally, significant alterations in the expression of well characterized cellular proliferation and apoptosis guards (NF-κB, Bcl-2 and p53) in these NPs-treated cancer cells compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treated cells. Our findings provide for the first time that these new synergistic nanoformulated forms of LPO and LF were superior in their selective apoptosis-mediating anticancer effect than free form of these proteins and 5-FU. LF coating or loading of LPO-loaded NPs present as promising therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
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