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Song EAC, Chung SH, Kim JH. Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12969. [PMID: 38192116 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca2+ -signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca2+ /protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang KT, Wagner LE, Takano T, Lin XX, Bagavant H, Deshmukh U, Yule DI. Dysregulated Ca 2+ signaling, fluid secretion, and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of early Sjögren's syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585719. [PMID: 38562738 PMCID: PMC10983907 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Saliva is essential for oral health. The molecular mechanisms leading to physiological fluid secretion are established, but factors that underlie secretory hypofunction, specifically related to the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are not fully understood. SS-like disease was induced by the treatment with 5,6-Dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), an activator of the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway. This mouse model mimics exposure to foreign cytoplasmic ribonucleotides occurring following viral and bacterial infection and thought to be an initiating event in SS. Neurotransmitter-stimulated increases in cytoplasmic [Ca2+] are central to stimulating fluid secretion, primarily by increasing the activity of the Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, TMEM16a. Paradoxically, in DMXAA-treated mice in vivo imaging demonstrated that neural-stimulation resulted in greatly enhanced Ca2+ levels when a significant reduction in fluid secretion was observed. Notably, in the disease model, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca2+ signals were altered to result in global rather than largely apically confined Ca2+ rises observed physiologically. Notwithstanding the augmented Ca2+ signals, muscarinic stimulation resulted in reduced activation of TMEM16a, although there were no changes in channel abundance or absolute sensitivity to Ca2+. However, super-resolution microscopy revealed a disruption in the localization of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ release channels in relation to TMEM16a. Appropriate Ca2+ signaling is also pivotal for mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics and secretion is an energetically expensive process. Disrupted mitochondrial morphology, a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced oxygen consumption rate were observed in DMXAA-treated animals compared to control animals. We report that early in SS disease, dysregulated Ca2+ signals lead to decreased fluid secretion and disrupted mitochondrial function contributing to salivary gland hypofunction and likely the progression of SS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Larry E. Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Xiao-Xuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
| | - Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Umesh Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13 Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY. 14526
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3
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Kopach O, Pivneva T, Fedirko N, Voitenko N. Mitochondrial malfunction mediates impaired cholinergic Ca 2+ signalling and submandibular salivary gland dysfunction in diabetes. Neuropharmacology 2024; 243:109789. [PMID: 37972885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Xerostomia (dry-mouth syndrome) is a painful and debilitating condition that frequently occurs in individuals with diabetes and is associated with impaired saliva production and salivary gland hypofunction. Saliva fluid production relies on Ca2+-coupled secretion driven by neurotransmitter stimulation of submandibular acinar cells. Although impairments in intracellular Ca2+ signalling have been reported in various xerostomia models, the specific Ca2+-dependent mechanisms underlying saliva fluid hypofunction in diabetes remain unclear. In this study, we show that diabetic animals exhibit severe xerostomia, evident by reduced saliva flow rate, diminished total protein content, and decreased amylase activity in the saliva secreted by submandibular glands. These impairments remained resistant to exogenous cholinergic stimulation. In submandibular acinar cells, the intracellular Ca2+ signals evoked by cholinergic stimulation were reduced and delayed in diabetes, caused by malfunctioning mitochondria. Upon initiation of cholinergic-evoked Ca2+ signals, mitochondria accumulate higher Ca2+ and fail to redistribute Ca2+ influx and facilitate the store-operated Ca2+ entry effectively. Structural damage to mitochondria was evident in the acinar cells in diabetes. These findings provide insights into the potential targeting of malfunctioning mitochondria for the treatment of diabetic xerostomia as an alternative strategy to the existing pharmacotherapeutic approaches. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ukrainian Neuroscience".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kopach
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Tetyana Pivneva
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nana Voitenko
- Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dobrobut Academy Medical School, Kyiv, Ukraine
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4
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Yule DI, Takano T. Pacing intracellular Ca 2+ signals in exocrine acinar cells. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38197224 DOI: 10.1113/jp284755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular [Ca2+ ] in exocrine acinar cells resident in the salivary glands or pancreas is a fundamental event that drives fluid secretion and exocytosis of proteins. Stimulation with secretagogues initiates Ca2+ signals with precise spatiotemporal properties thought to be important for driving physiological output. Both in vitro, in acutely isolated acini, and in vivo, in animals expressing genetically encoded indicators, individual cells appear specialized to initiate Ca2+ signals upon stimulation. Furthermore, these signals appear to spread to neighbouring cells. These properties are present in the absence of a conventional pacemaker mechanism dependent on the cyclical activation of Ca2+ -dependent or Ca2+ -conducting plasma membrane ion channels. In this article, we propose a model for 'pacing' intracellular Ca2+ signals in acinar cells based on the enhanced sensitivity of a subpopulation of individual cells and the intercellular diffusion through gap junctions of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca2+ to neighbouring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Takahiro Takano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Son GY, Zou A, Wahl A, Huang KT, Vinu M, Zorgit S, Zhou F, Wagner L, Idaghdour Y, Yule DI, Feske S, Lacruz RS. Loss of STIM1 and STIM2 in salivary glands disrupts ANO1 function but does not induce Sjogren's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574702. [PMID: 38260625 PMCID: PMC10802497 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Sjogren's disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia (dry mouth), lymphocytic infiltration into salivary glands and the presence of SSA and SSB autoantibodies. Xerostomia is caused by hypofunction of the salivary glands and has been involved in the development of SjD. Saliva production is regulated by parasympathetic input into the glands initiating intracellular Ca 2+ signals that activate the store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) pathway eliciting sustained Ca 2+ influx. SOCE is mediated by the STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and the ORAI1 Ca 2+ channel. However, there are no studies on the effects of lack of STIM1/2 function in salivary acini in animal models and its impact on SjD. Here we report that male and female mice lacking Stim1 and Stim2 ( Stim1/2 K14Cre ) in salivary glands showed reduced intracellular Ca 2+ levels via SOCE in parotid acini and hyposalivate upon pilocarpine stimulation. Bulk RNASeq of the parotid glands of Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed a decrease in the expression of Stim1/2 but no other Ca 2+ associated genes mediating saliva fluid secretion. SOCE was however functionally required for the activation of the Ca 2+ activated chloride channel ANO1. Despite hyposalivation, ageing Stim1/2 K14Cre mice showed no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration in the glands or elevated levels of SSA or SSB autoantibodies in the serum, which may be linked to the downregulation of the toll-like receptor 8 ( Tlr8 ). By contrast, salivary gland biopsies of SjD patients showed increased STIM1 and TLR8 expression, and induction of SOCE in a salivary gland cell line increased the expression of TLR8 . Our data demonstrate that SOCE is an important activator of ANO1 function and saliva fluid secretion in salivary glands. They also provide a novel link between SOCE and TLR8 signaling which may explain why loss of SOCE does not result in SjD.
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Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Sun Y, Chai X, Ambrus JL, Mishra BB, Singh BB. Metformin-induced activation of Ca 2+ signaling prevents immune infiltration/pathology in Sjogren's syndrome-prone mouse models. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 7:100210. [PMID: 37711153 PMCID: PMC10497794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration and glandular dysfunction are the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases such as primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), however, the mechanism(s) is unknown. Our data show that metformin-treatment induces Ca2+ signaling that restores saliva secretion and prevents immune cell infiltration in the salivary glands of IL14α-transgenic mice (IL14α), which is a model for pSS. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Ca2+ signaling is a major contributing factor, which is restored by metformin treatment, in IL14α mice. Furthermore, the loss of Ca2+ signaling leads to ER stress in salivary glands. Finally, restoration of metformin-induced Ca2+ signaling inhibited the release of alarmins and prevented the activation of ER stress that was essential for immune cell infiltration. These results suggest that loss of metformin-mediated activation of Ca2+ signaling prevents ER stress, which inhibited the release of alarmins that induces immune cell infiltration leading to salivary gland dysfunction observed in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Nascimento Da Conceicao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiufang Chai
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Wu L, Chen J. Type 3 IP3 receptor: Its structure, functions, and related disease implications. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2267416. [PMID: 37818548 PMCID: PMC10569359 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2267416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-fate decisions depend on the precise and strict regulation of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors, especially intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R3) is an a tetrameric channel that can mediate the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to extracellular stimuli. The gating of IP3R3 is regulated not only by ligands but also by other interacting proteins. To date, extensive research conducted on the basic structure of IP3R3, as well as its regulation by ligands and interacting proteins, has provided novel perspectives on its biological functions and pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in the study of IP3R3 and provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature pertaining to its structure, biological functions, and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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8
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2170. [PMID: 37681902 PMCID: PMC10486417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Sun Y, Nascimento Da Conceicao V, Chauhan A, Sukumaran P, Chauhan P, Ambrus JL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM, Muniswamy M, Mishra BB, Singh BB. Targeting alarmin release reverses Sjogren's syndrome phenotype by revitalizing Ca 2+ signalling. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1228. [PMID: 37006181 PMCID: PMC10068318 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is embodied by the loss of salivary gland function and immune cell infiltration, but the mechanism(s) are still unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms and identify key factors that leads to the development and progression of pSS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining, FACS analysis and cytokine levels were used to detect immune cells infiltration and activation in salivary glands. RNA sequencing was performed to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of pSS. The function assays include in vivo saliva collection along with calcium imaging and electrophysiology on isolated salivary gland cells in mice models of pSS. Western blotting, real-time PCR, alarmin release, and immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the channels involved in salivary function in pSS. RESULTS We provide evidence that loss of Ca2+ signaling precedes a decrease in saliva secretion and/or immune cell infiltration in IL14α, a mouse model for pSS. We also showed that Ca2+ homeostasis was mediated by transient receptor potential canonical-1 (TRPC1) channels and inhibition of TRPC1, resulting in the loss of salivary acinar cells, which promoted alarmin release essential for immune cell infiltration/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both IL14α and samples from human pSS patients showed a decrease in TRPC1 expression and increased acinar cell death. Finally, paquinimod treatment in IL14α restored Ca2+ homeostasis that inhibited alarmin release thereby reverting the pSS phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that loss of Ca2+ signaling is one of the initial factors, which induces loss of salivary gland function along with immune infiltration that exaggerates pSS. Importantly, restoration of Ca2+ signaling upon paquinimod treatment reversed the pSS phenotype thereby inhibiting the progressive development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | | | - Arun Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pramod Sukumaran
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Pooja Chauhan
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New YorkBuffaloNew YorkUSA
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Frans G. M. Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Madesh Muniswamy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Developmental DentistrySchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Brij B. Singh
- Department of PeriodonticsSchool of DentistryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
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10
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Metabolomics in Corneal Diseases: A Narrative Review from Clinical Aspects. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030380. [PMID: 36984820 PMCID: PMC10055016 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal pathologies may have subtle manifestations in the initial stages, delaying diagnosis and timely treatment. This can lead to irreversible visual loss. Metabolomics is a rapidly developing field that allows the study of metabolites in a system, providing a complementary tool in the early diagnosis and management of corneal diseases. Early identification of biomarkers is key to prevent disease progression. The advancement of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry allows the identification of new biomarkers in the analysis of tear, cornea, and aqueous humor. Novel perspectives on disease mechanisms are identified, which provide vital information for potential targeted therapies in the future. Current treatments are analyzed at a molecular level to offer further information regarding their efficacy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the metabolomic studies undertaken in the cornea and various pathologies such as dry eye disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, keratoconus, post-refractive surgery, contact lens wearers, and diabetic corneas. Lastly, we discuss the exciting future that metabolomics plays in cornea research.
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11
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Involvement of aquaporin 5 in Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103268. [PMID: 36621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with the pathological hallmark of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of exocrine glands - more specifically salivary and lacrimal glands - resulting in a diminished production of tears and saliva (sicca syndrome). The pathophysiology underscoring the mechanisms of the sicca symptoms in SS has still yet to be unraveled but recent advances have identified a cardinal role of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) as a key player in saliva secretion as well as salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation. AQP5 expression and localization are significantly altered in salivary glands from patients and mice models of the disease, shedding light on a putative mechanism accounting for diminished salivary flow. Furthermore, aberrant expression and localization of AQP5 protein partners, such as prolactin-inducible protein and ezrin, may account for altered AQP5 localization in salivary glands from patients suffering from SS and are considered as new players in SS development. This review provides an overview of the role of AQP5 in SS salivary gland epithelial cell dysregulation, focusing on its trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
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12
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Sneyers F, Loncke J, Bultynck G. Keeping an eye on Ca 2+ signalling to tackle dry eye diseases. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103741. [PMID: 34902791 PMCID: PMC8671085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sneyers
- KU Leuven and Leuven Kanker Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Loncke
- KU Leuven and Leuven Kanker Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven and Leuven Kanker Institute, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Metabolomics comparison of cord and peripheral blood-derived serum eye drops for the treatment of dry eye disease. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103155. [PMID: 33975808 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic peripheral blood-derived (PBS) serum eye drops have been largely used in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). Recently, cord blood has emerged as an effective alternative serum source (cord blood serum, CBS), containing a higher amount of growth factors than PBS, it holds the promise of a better capability to stimulate corneal healing. However, the lack of a standardized method for preparation, dispensation, storage and a poor biochemical characterization still hamper the establishment of a clinical consensus. Here the metabolomes of the two different serum eye drop preparations were compared using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that both PBS and CBS contained several organic compounds, the majority of them already detected in human tears and may be thereby considered lacrimal substitutes. Metabolites having in the multivariate statistical analysis Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) a VIP scores > 1.0 were considered to be significantly different. All the metabolites identified were found to have a p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis. CBS, in particular, showed the highest amount of choline, myo-inositol, glutamine, creatine and β-hydroxybutyrate. These evidences constitute relevant advances towards serum eye drops characterization and confirm that cord blood is a valid alternative source of serum eye drops.
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15
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Xiao F, Du W, Zhu X, Tang Y, Liu L, Huang E, Deng C, Luo C, Han M, Chen P, Ding L, Hong X, Wu L, Jiang Q, Zou H, Liu D, Lu L. IL-17 drives salivary gland dysfunction via inhibiting TRPC1-mediated calcium movement in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1277. [PMID: 33968407 PMCID: PMC8082715 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to determine a role of interleukin‐17A (IL‐17) in salivary gland (SG) dysfunction and therapeutic effects of targeting IL‐17 in SG for treating autoimmune sialadenitis in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Methods Salivary IL‐17 levels and IL‐17‐secreting cells in labial glands of pSS patients were examined. Kinetic changes of IL‐17‐producing cells in SG from mice with experimental Sjögren’s syndrome (ESS) were analysed. To determine a role of IL‐17 in salivary secretion, IL‐17‐deficient mice and constructed chimeric mice with IL‐17 receptor C (IL‐17RC) deficiency in non‐hematopoietic and hematopoietic cells were examined for saliva flow rates during ESS development. Both human and murine primary SG epithelial cells were treated with IL‐17 for measuring cholinergic activation‐induced calcium movement. Moreover, SG functions were assessed in ESS mice with salivary retrograde cannulation of IL‐17 neutralisation antibodies. Results Increased salivary IL‐17 levels were negatively correlated with saliva flow rates in pSS patients. Both IL‐17‐deficient mice and chimeric mice with non‐hematopoietic cell‐restricted IL‐17RC deficiency exhibited no obvious salivary reduction while chimeric mice with hematopoietic cell‐restricted IL‐17RC deficiency showed significantly decreased saliva secretion during ESS development. In SG epithelial cells, IL‐17 inhibited acetylcholine‐induced calcium movement and downregulated the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 via promoting Nfkbiz mRNA stabilisation. Moreover, local IL‐17 neutralisation in SG markedly attenuated hyposalivation and ameliorated tissue inflammation in ESS mice. Conclusion These findings identify a novel function of IL‐17 in driving salivary dysfunction during pSS development and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for targeting SG dysfunction in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Wenhan Du
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology Huashan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Lixiong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Chong Deng
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
| | - Cainan Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi China
| | - Man Han
- Division of Rheumatology Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Liping Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hejian Zou
- Department of Rheumatology Huashan Hospital and Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen People's Hospital Shenzhen China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology Chongqing China
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16
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Verstappen GM, Pringle S, Bootsma H, Kroese FGM. Epithelial-immune cell interplay in primary Sjögren syndrome salivary gland pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:333-348. [PMID: 33911236 PMCID: PMC8081003 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), the function of the salivary glands is often considerably reduced. Multiple innate immune pathways are likely dysregulated in the salivary gland epithelium in pSS, including the nuclear factor-κB pathway, the inflammasome and interferon signalling. The ductal cells of the salivary gland in pSS are characteristically surrounded by a CD4+ T cell-rich and B cell-rich infiltrate, implying a degree of communication between epithelial cells and immune cells. B cell infiltrates within the ducts can initiate the development of lymphoepithelial lesions, including basal ductal cell hyperplasia. Vice versa, the epithelium provides chronic activation signals to the glandular B cell fraction. This continuous stimulation might ultimately drive the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. This Review discusses changes in the cells of the salivary gland epithelium in pSS (including acinar, ductal and progenitor cells), and the proposed interplay of these cells with environmental stimuli and the immune system. Current therapeutic options are insufficient to address both lymphocytic infiltration and salivary gland dysfunction. Successful rescue of salivary gland function in pSS will probably demand a multimodal therapeutic approach and an appreciation of the complicity of the salivary gland epithelium in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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17
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Bagavant H, Michrowska A, Deshmukh US. The NZB/W F1 mouse model for Sjögren's syndrome: A historical perspective and lessons learned. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102686. [PMID: 33131691 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic rheumatic autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organ systems. The clinical findings in SS patients show considerable heterogeneity and overlap with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, the autoimmune response in SS initiates several years before the appearance of clinical symptoms. Thus, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the disease process have been a challenge. Several animal model systems of SS-like disease have been developed to overcome these issues. The New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZW) F1 (NZB/W F1) mouse represents the first spontaneous mouse model of SS. In this review, we provide a historical perspective and detailed description of this mouse model focusing on exocrine gland histopathology, autoantibody populations, and glandular dysfunction. Considering that NZB/W F1 mice also develop a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease, this mouse model mimics the clinical presentation of polyautoimmunity seen in a sizable subset of SS patients. It is plausible that such patients will require distinct therapeutic interventions necessary to treat both SLE and SS. Therefore, the NZB/W F1 mouse is a powerful tool to decipher pathogenic mechanisms involved in SS related polyautoimmunity and develop appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aleksandra Michrowska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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18
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Błochowiak K, Celichowski P, Kempisty B, Iwanik K, Nowicki M. Transcriptomic Profile of Genes Encoding Proteins Involved in Pathogenesis of Sjögren's Syndrome Related Xerostomia-Molecular and Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103299. [PMID: 33066537 PMCID: PMC7602267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by xerostomia. We aimed to investigate and compare gene expressions in the labial salivary glands of SS patients with xerostomia SS (sicca) and without xerostomia SS (non-sicca) and of healthy subjects (HS) by means of microarray analysis, and to find genes involved in xerostomia. The study group comprised 11 SS patients (3 SS (sicca) and 8 SS (non-sicca)) and 9 HS. The relative gene expression changes were validated with RT-qPCR in the larger study group. Among the differently expressed genes belonging to the “secretion” ontology group with a fold change >2 and with a p value < 0.05, the Transmembrane P24 Trafficking Protein 10 (TMED10), Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family A Member 4 (PDIA4), Calnexin (CANX), Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein (APP), and Transmembrane BAX Inhibitor Motif Containing 6 (TMBIM6) gene expressions in both SS (sicca) and SS (non-sicca) groups were lower than in HS. Significant correlations were observed between TMED10, PDIA4, and CANX gene expression in SS (sicca) patients compared to the controls. There were no differences between the SS (sicca) and SS (non-sicca) study groups in the expression of the aforementioned genes. Results indicate their role in the endoplasmic reticulum system, their overlapping function and the loss of the APP neuroprotective function in xerostomia. It has a multifactorial origin and can be triggered by disturbances to the various signaling pathways in saliva secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Błochowiak
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-608-836-850
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (P.C.); (B.K.); (M.N.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (P.C.); (B.K.); (M.N.)
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Iwanik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (P.C.); (B.K.); (M.N.)
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19
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Lemos FO, Guerra MT, Leite MDF. Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors in secretory epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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D’Agostino C, Elkashty OA, Chivasso C, Perret J, Tran SD, Delporte C. Insight into Salivary Gland Aquaporins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061547. [PMID: 32630469 PMCID: PMC7349754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main role of salivary glands (SG) is the production and secretion of saliva, in which aquaporins (AQPs) play a key role by ensuring water flow. The AQPs are transmembrane channel proteins permeable to water to allow water transport across cell membranes according to osmotic gradient. This review gives an insight into SG AQPs. Indeed, it gives a summary of the expression and localization of AQPs in adult human, rat and mouse SG, as well as of their physiological role in SG function. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive view of the involvement of AQPs in pathological conditions affecting SG, including Sjögren's syndrome, diabetes, agedness, head and neck cancer radiotherapy and SG cancer. These conditions are characterized by salivary hypofunction resulting in xerostomia. A specific focus is given on current and future therapeutic strategies aiming at AQPs to treat xerostomia. A deeper understanding of the AQPs involvement in molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and diseases offered new avenues for therapeutic approaches, including drugs, gene therapy and tissue engineering. As such, AQP5 represents a potential therapeutic target in different strategies for the treatment of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Osama A. Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Clara Chivasso
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; (O.A.E.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (C.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-5556210
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21
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Cortes-Troncoso J, Jang SI, Perez P, Hidalgo J, Ikeuchi T, Greenwell-Wild T, Warner BM, Moutsopoulos NM, Alevizos I. T cell exosome-derived miR-142-3p impairs glandular cell function in Sjögren's syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133497. [PMID: 32376798 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. Local inflammation in the glands is thought to trigger glandular dysfunction and symptoms of dryness. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are incompletely understood. Our work suggests T cell exosome-derived miR-142-3p as a pathogenic driver of immunopathology in SS. We first document miR-142-3p expression in the salivary glands of patients with SS, both in epithelial gland cells and within T cells of the inflammatory infiltrate, but not in healthy volunteers. Next, we show that activated T cells secreted exosomes containing miR-142-3p, which transferred into glandular cells. Finally, we uncover a functional role of miR-142-3p-containing exosomes in glandular cell dysfunction. We find that miR-142-3p targets key elements of intracellular Ca2+ signaling and cAMP production - sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b (SERCA2B), ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) - leading to restricted cAMP production, altered calcium signaling, and decreased protein production from salivary gland cells. Our work provides evidence for a functional role of the miR-142-3p in SS pathogenesis and promotes the concept that T cell activation may directly impair epithelial cell function through secretion of miRNA-containing exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cortes-Troncoso
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit.,Oral Immunity and Inflammation Section, and
| | - Shyh-Ing Jang
- Sjögren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit
| | - Paola Perez
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge Hidalgo
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors in Human Disease: A Comprehensive Update. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041096. [PMID: 32290556 PMCID: PMC7231134 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs) are intracellular calcium release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum of virtually every cell. Herein, we are reporting an updated systematic summary of the current knowledge on the functional role of ITPRs in human disorders. Specifically, we are describing the involvement of its loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the pathogenesis of neurological, immunological, cardiovascular, and neoplastic human disease. Recent results from genome-wide association studies are also discussed.
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23
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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24
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Type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor: A calcium channel for all seasons. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102132. [PMID: 31790953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs) are a family of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels essential for the control of intracellular Ca2+ levels in virtually every mammalian cell type. The three isoforms (ITPR1, ITPR2 and ITPR3) are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, but they differ considerably in terms of biophysical properties, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Such differences underscore the variety of cellular responses triggered by each isoform and suggest that the expression/activity of specific isoforms might be linked to particular pathophysiological states. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that changes in expression of ITPR isoforms are associated with a number of human diseases ranging from fatty liver disease to cancer. ITPR3 is emerging as the isoform that is particularly important in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here we review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ITPR3 in various tissues and the mechanisms by which the expression of this isoform is modulated in health and disease.
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25
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Pringle S, Wang X, Bootsma H, Spijkervet FKL, Vissink A, Kroese FGM. Small-molecule inhibitors and the salivary gland epithelium in Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:605-616. [PMID: 31203680 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1631796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The salivary gland (SG) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by its lack of function (hyposalivation) and lymphocytic invasion. Small-molecule inhibitors (SMIs) are a new class of drugs, whose diminutive size permits diffusion into cells. SMIs targeting components of the immune system are eagerly being trialed for their potential therapeutic utility in pSS. Neglected until now, however, is a discussion of the potential effects of SMIs on the SG epithelium. AREAS COVERED We begin by reminding the reader of the SG epithelial compartment, its complicity in inflammatory milieu formation in pSS, and categories of SMIs which merit attention. We discuss each SMI category, including pre-clinical data concerning pSS and likely consequences of their application on the SG epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Recovery of saliva production in pSS requires restoring the function of the SG epithelium, not solely on inflammation resolution. Many SMIs, for example, those blocking JAK-STAT signaling, interfere with critical epithelial cell pathways, most notably EGF signaling. If the effect of SMIs on SG epithelium is ignored, recovery of SG function will be challenging. We predict that NFκB signaling blockade will impart the least SG epithelium damage whilst reducing inflammation and facilitating recovery from hyposalivation in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pringle
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika Bootsma
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Fred K L Spijkervet
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- a Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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26
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Imbery JF, Iqbal AK, Desai T, Giovannucci DR. Role of NAADP for calcium signaling in the salivary gland. Cell Calcium 2019; 80:29-37. [PMID: 30947088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of intracellular Ca2+ signaling in parotid acini is crucial for controlling the secretion of primary saliva. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated acidic-organelle Ca2+ release as a participant in agonist-evoked signaling dynamics of the parotid acinar cell. Furthermore, results implicated a potential role for the potent Ca2+ releasing second messenger NAADP in these events. The current study interrogated a direct role of NAADP for Ca2+ signaling in the parotid salivary gland acinar cell. Use of live-cell Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp methods, and confocal microscopy revealed for the first time NAADP can evoke or enhance Ca2+ dynamics in parotid acini. These results were compared with pancreatic acini, a morphologically similar cell type previously shown to display NAADP-dependent Ca2+ signals. Findings presented here may be relevant in establishing new therapeutic targets for those suffering from xerostomia produced by hypofunctioning salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Imbery
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Azwar K Iqbal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Tanvi Desai
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of topical carbomer-based lipid-containing artificial tears (CLAT) and hyaluronate (HU) in patients with dry eye disease (DED) based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25HD) levels and cholecalciferol (vitamin D) supplementation. METHODS A total of 116 patients with DED from June 2015 to June 2016 were included. The participants were divided into the vitamin D deficiency (VDD) group and the non-VDD group according to their serum 25HD levels. The patients determined the ways of cholecalciferol supplementation. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, visual analog pain scale score, lid hyperemia, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining score, and Schirmer test were compared between baseline and 2 weeks posttreatment after topical applications and between before and after cholecalciferol supplementation. RESULTS The OSDI and visual analog pain scale scores of both VDD and non-VDD groups decreased after application of topical CLAT and HU compared with baseline values (P < 0.05 for all, paired t test). TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining score, and lid hyperemia in the VDD group remained unaffected by topical CLAT and HU, whereas those in the non-VDD group were improved (3.2 ± 1.7 vs. 4.1 ± 2.2, 0.5 ± 0.7 vs. 0.4 ± 0.6, and 2.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7 in the non-VDD group, P = 0.001, 0.030, and 0.012, respectively). OSDI score, TBUT, and lid margin hyperemia were improved in the intramuscular group after cholecalciferol supplementation compared with pretreatment (33.2 ± 23.2 vs. 28.5 ± 21.9, 3.5 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.5, and 2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8, P < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank test). CONCLUSIONS The effect of topical CLAT and HU was dependent on serum 25HD levels. Cholecalciferol supplementation enhanced the efficacy of topical treatment and may be a useful adjuvant therapy for patients with DED refractory to topical lubricants.
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Potential Application of Ixeris dentata in the Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Induced Dry Mouth. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121989. [PMID: 30558302 PMCID: PMC6316753 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry mouth is a common complaint among the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ixeris dentata (IXD) extract on aging-induced dry mouth. We used young (two months) and aged (20 months) SD rats in our study. Using water as the vehicle, IXD extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was given via oral gavage to the young and aged rats for eight weeks. We found that the salivary flow rate relative to the submandibular gland weight was differently influenced by IXD extract treatment. IXD extract augmented the submandibular gland acinar cells, which are depleted during aging. In addition, the decreased salivary alpha-amylase, inositol triphosphate receptor, and aquaporin-5 in the aging rats were upregulated by IXD treatment. Free radical-induced oxidative stress in the aging rats was also alleviated in the IXD-treated group. The formation of high molecular weight complexes of protein disulfide isomerase, decreased expression of an ER chaperone (GRP78), and increased ER stress response (ATF-4, CHOP and p-JNK) in aging rats was regulated with IXD treatment, and eventually increased salivary secretions from the aging submandibular glands. These are the first data to suggest that IXD extract might ameliorate aging-associated oral dryness by regulating the ER environment.
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Hwang S, Kang JY, Kim MJ, Shin DM, Hong JH. Carbonic anhydrase 12 mutation modulates membrane stability and volume regulation of aquaporin 5. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 34:179-188. [PMID: 30451023 PMCID: PMC6249555 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1540475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients carrying the carbonic anhydrase12 E143K mutation showed the dry mouth phenotype. The mechanism underlying the modulation of aquaporin 5 and function in the salivary glands by carbonic anhydrase12 remains unknown. In this study, we identified the mislocalised aquaporin 5 in the salivary glands carrying the E143K. The intracellular pH of E143K cells was more acidic than that of the cells carrying wild type. To evaluate the role of carbonic anhydrase12 on the volume regulation of aquaporin 5, the submandibular gland cells were subjected to hypotonic stimuli. E143K enhanced the extent of swelling of cells on hypotonicity. Aquaporin 5 modulates water influx through ion transporters to prevent osmotic imbalance. These results suggest that the carbonic anhydrase12 E143K, including acidification or inflammation, mediates volume dysregulation by the loss of aquaporin 5. Thus, carbonic anhydrase12 may determine sensible effects on the cellular osmotic regulation by modulating aquaporin 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hwang
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kang
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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Synaptotagmin-1 overexpression under inflammatory conditions affects secretion in salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome patients. J Autoimmun 2018; 97:88-99. [PMID: 30391023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune exocrinopathy associated with severe secretory alterations by disruption of the glandular architecture integrity, which is fundamental for a correct function and localization of the secretory machinery. Syt-1, PI(4,5)P2 and Ca2+ are significant factors controlling exocytosis in different secretory cells, the Ca2+ role being the most studied. Salivary acinar cells from SS-patients show a defective agonist-regulated intracellular Ca2+ release together with a decreased IP3R expression level, and this condition may explain a reduced water release. However, there are not reports where Syt-1, PI(4,5)P2 and Ca2+ in acinar cells of SS patients had been studied. In the present study, we analyzed the expression and/or localization of Syt-1 and PI(4,5)P2 in acinar cells of labial salivary gland biopsies from SS-patients and control individuals. Also, we evaluated whether the overexpression of Syt-1 and the loss of cell polarity induced by TNF-α or loss of interaction between acinar cell and basal lamina, alters directionality of the exocytosis process, Ca2+ signaling and α-amylase secretion in a 3D-acini model stimulated with cholinergic or β-adrenergic agonists. In addition, the correlation between Syt-1 protein levels and clinical parameters was evaluated. The results showed an increase of Syt-1 mRNA and protein levels, and a high number of co-localization points of Syt-1/STX4 and PI(4,5)P2/Ezrin in the acinar basolateral region of LSG from SS-patients. With regard to 3D-acini, Syt-1 overexpression increased exocytosis in the apical pole compared to control acini. TNF-α stimulation increased exocytic events in the basal pole, which was further enhanced by Syt-1 overexpression. Additionally, altered acinar cell polarity affected Ca2+ signaling and amylase secretion. Overexpression of Syt-1 was associated with salivary gland alterations revealing that the secretory dysfunction in SS-patients is linked to altered expression and/or localization of secretory machinery components together with impaired epithelial cell polarity. These findings provide a novel insight on the pathological mechanism implicated in ectopic secretory products to the extracellular matrix of LSG from SS-patients, which might initiate inflammation.
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Involvement of Aquaporins in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113392. [PMID: 30380700 PMCID: PMC6274940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in diminished production of saliva and tears. The pathophysiology of SS has not yet been fully deciphered. Classically it has been postulated that sicca symptoms in SS patients are a double step process whereby lymphocytic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands (SG) is followed by epithelial cell destruction resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. Recent advances in the field of the pathophysiology of SS have brought in new players, such as aquaporins (AQPs) and anti AQPs autoantibodies that could explain underlying mechanistic processes and unveil new pathophysiological pathways offering a deeper understanding of the disease. In this review, we delineate the link between the AQP and SS, focusing on salivary glands, and discuss the role of AQPs in the treatment of SS-induced xerostomia.
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Ambudkar I. Calcium signaling defects underlying salivary gland dysfunction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1771-1777. [PMID: 30006140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Salivary glands secrete saliva, a mixture of proteins and fluids, which plays an extremely important role in the maintenance of oral health. Loss of salivary secretion causes a dry mouth condition, xerostomia, which has numerous deleterious consequences including opportunistic infections within the oral cavity, difficulties in eating and swallowing food, and problems with speech. Saliva secretion is regulated by stimulation of specific signaling mechanisms within the acinar cells of the gland. Neurotransmitter-stimulated increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in acinar cells is the primary trigger for salivary fluid secretion from salivary glands, the loss of which is a critical factor underlying dry mouth conditions in patients. The increase in [Ca2+]i regulates multiple ion channel and transport activities that together generate the osmotic gradient which drives fluid secretion across the apical membrane. Ca2+ entry mediated by the Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) mechanism provides the essential [Ca2+]i signals to trigger salivary gland fluid secretion. Under physiological conditions depletion of ER-Ca2+ stores is caused by activation of IP3R by IP3 and this provides the stimulus for SOCE. Core components of SOCE in salivary gland acinar cells are the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, Orai1 and TRPC1, and STIM1, a Ca2+-sensor protein in the ER, which regulates both channels. In addition, STIM2 likely enhances the sensitivity of cells to ER-Ca2+ depletion thereby tuning the cellular response to agonist stimulation. Two major, clinically relevant, conditions which cause irreversible salivary gland dysfunction are radiation treatment for head-and-neck cancers and the autoimmune exocrinopathy, Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the exact mechanism(s) that causes the loss of fluid secretion, in either condition, is not clearly understood. A number of recent studies have identified that defects in critical Ca2+ signaling mechanisms underlie salivary gland dysfunction caused by radiation treatment or Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). This chapter will discuss these very interesting and important studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang L, Wagner LE, Alzayady KJ, Yule DI. Region-specific proteolysis differentially modulates type 2 and type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity in models of acute pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13112-13124. [PMID: 29970616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the activity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) by a diverse array of regulatory inputs results in intracellular Ca2+ signals with distinct characteristics. These events allow the activation of specific downstream effectors. We reported previously that region-specific proteolysis represents a novel regulatory event for type 1 IP3R (R1). Specifically, caspase-fragmented R1 display a marked increase in single-channel open probability. More importantly, the distinct characteristics of the Ca2+ signals elicited via fragmented R1 can activate alternate downstream effectors. In this report, we expand these studies to investigate whether all IP3R subtypes are regulated by proteolysis. We now show that type 2 and type 3 IP3R (R2 and R3, respectively) are proteolytically cleaved in rodent models of acute pancreatitis. Surprisingly, fragmented IP3R retained tetrameric architecture, remained embedded in endoplasmic reticulum membranes and were not functionally disabled. Proteolysis was associated with a marked attenuation of the frequency of Ca2+ signals in pancreatic lobules. Consistent with these data, expression of DNAs encoding complementary R2 and R3 peptides mimicking fragmented receptors at particular sites, resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of agonist-stimulated Ca2+ oscillations. Further, proteolysis of R2 resulted in a marked decrease in single-channel open probability. Taken together, proteolytic fragmentation modulates R2 and R3 activity in a region-specific manner, and this event may contribute to the altered Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells during acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Larry E Wagner
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kamil J Alzayady
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - David I Yule
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
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Pathophysiological consequences of isoform-specific IP 3 receptor mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1707-1717. [PMID: 29906486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling governs a diverse range of cellular processes and, as such, is subject to tight regulation. A main component of the complex intracellular Ca2+-signaling network is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R), a tetrameric channel that mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to IP3. IP3R function is controlled by a myriad of factors, such as Ca2+, ATP, kinases and phosphatases and a plethora of accessory and regulatory proteins. Further complexity in IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signaling is the result of the existence of three main isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) that display distinct functional characteristics and properties. Despite their abundant and overlapping expression profiles, IP3R1 is highly expressed in neurons, IP3R2 in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes and IP3R3 in rapidly proliferating cells as e.g. epithelial cells. As a consequence, dysfunction and/or dysregulation of IP3R isoforms will have distinct pathophysiological outcomes, ranging from neurological disorders for IP3R1 to dysfunctional exocrine tissues and autoimmune diseases for IP3R2 and -3. Over the past years, several IP3R mutations have surfaced in the sequence analysis of patient-derived samples. Here, we aimed to provide an integrative overview of the clinically most relevant mutations for each IP3R isoform and the subsequent molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of the disease.
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Shaalan A, Carpenter G, Proctor G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated injury in a mouse model of acute salivary gland dysfunction. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:95-102. [PMID: 29885902 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a key regulator of the innate immune system. The aim of the current study was to explore whether innate immune-mediated iNOS and reactive nitrogen species acutely perturb acinar cell physiology and calcium homeostasis of exocrine salivary tissues. METHODS Innate immunity in the submandibular gland of C57BL/6 mice was locally activated via intraductal retrograde infusion of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C). Expressions of iNOS and the activity of the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Mice were pre-treated with the selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine in order to substantiate the injurious effect of the nitrosative signal on the key calcium regulator sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2b) and calcium signalling. RESULTS Challenging salivary gland innate immunity with poly (I:C) prompted upregulated expression of iNOS and the generation of peroxynitrite. Inhibition of iNOS/peroxynitrite revealed the role played by upregulated nitrosative signalling in: dysregulated expression of SERCA2b, perturbed calcium homeostasis and loss of saliva secretion. CONCLUSION iNOS mediates disruption of exocrine calcium signalling causing secretory dysfunction following activation of innate immunity in a novel salivary gland injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Shaalan
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Proctor
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Leehan KM, Pezant NP, Rasmussen A, Grundahl K, Moore JS, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Lessard CJ, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Scofield RH, Sivils KL, Montgomery C, Farris AD. Minor salivary gland fibrosis in Sjögren's syndrome is elevated, associated with focus score and not solely a consequence of aging. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 112:80-88. [PMID: 29148407 PMCID: PMC5913007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the presence of minor salivary gland (SG) fibrosis in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) as a function of disease pathology or a consequence of ageing. METHODS Subjects with sicca symptoms attending a Sjögren's research clinic were classified by American European Consensus Group (AECG) criteria as either pSS or non-SS (nSS). Discovery (n=34 pSS, n=28 nSS) and replication (n=35 pSS, n=31 nSS) datasets were evaluated. Minor SG cross-sections from haematoxylin and eosin stained slides were imaged, digitally reconstructed and analysed for percent area fibrosis. Relationships between SG fibrosis, age, and clinical measures were evaluated using Spearman correlations. Association with SS was assessed by: ROC curve, Variable Selection Using Random Forests (VSURF) and uni- and bi-variate regression analyses. RESULTS SS subjects had significantly more fibrotic tissue in their minor labial salivary glands (median 24.39%, range 5.12-51.67%) than nSS participants (median 16.7%, range 5.97-38.65%, p<0.0001); age did not differ between groups (average ± SD pSS 50.2 ±13.9 years, nSS 53.8±12.4 years). In both the discovery and replication data sets, multiple regression models showed that the area of minor salivary gland fibrosis predicted pSS significantly better than age alone. Age-corrected linear regression revealed that the area of minor salivary gland fibrosis positively associated with vanBijsterveld score (p=0.042) and biopsy focus score (p=0.002). ROC curve and VSURF analyses ranked fibrosis as a significantly more important variable for subject discrimination than age. CONCLUSIONS SG fibrosis is an element of pSS pathology that is related to focus score and is not solely attributable to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Leehan
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF); Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nathan P Pezant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jacen S Moore
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lida Radfar
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David M Lewis
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,USA; and King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF); Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nelson L Rhodus
- Division of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Barbara M Segal
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF); Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF); Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Bhattarai KR, Junjappa R, Handigund M, Kim HR, Chae HJ. The imprint of salivary secretion in autoimmune disorders and related pathological conditions. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:376-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Woods LT, Camden JM, Khalafalla MG, Petris MJ, Erb L, Ambrus JL, Weisman GA. P2Y 2 R deletion ameliorates sialadenitis in IL-14α-transgenic mice. Oral Dis 2018; 24:761-771. [PMID: 29297959 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-14α-transgenic (IL-14αTG) mice develop an autoimmune exocrinopathy with characteristics similar to Sjögren's syndrome, including sialadenitis and hyposalivation. The P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2 R) for extracellular ATP and UTP is upregulated during salivary gland inflammation (i.e., sialadenitis) where it regulates numerous inflammatory responses. This study investigated the role of P2Y2 Rs in autoimmune sialadenitis in the IL-14αTG mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-14αTG mice were bred with P2Y2 R-/- mice to generate IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice. P2Y2 R expression, lymphocytic focus scores, B- and T-cell accumulation, and lymphotoxin-α expression were evaluated in the submandibular glands (SMG) along with carbachol-stimulated saliva secretion in IL-14αTG, IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- , and C57BL/6 control mice at 9 and 12 months of age. RESULTS Genetic ablation of P2Y2 Rs in IL-14αTG mice significantly reduced B and T lymphocyte infiltration of SMGs. However, reduced sialadenitis did not restore saliva secretion in IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice. Decreased sialadenitis in IL-14αTG × P2Y2 R-/- mice correlated with decreased lymphotoxin-α levels, a critical proinflammatory cytokine associated with autoimmune pathology in IL-14αTG mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that P2Y2 Rs contribute to the development of salivary gland inflammation in IL-14αTG mice and may also contribute to autoimmune sialadenitis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M G Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - L Erb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J L Ambrus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - G A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Skopouli FN, Katsiougiannis S. How stress contributes to autoimmunity-lessons from Sjögren's syndrome. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:5-14. [PMID: 29223133 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A large body of clinical evidence on the association between stressful life events and autoimmune diseases suggests that stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this article, we discuss the effects of stress, not on the immune system but on specific cell populations against which the autoimmune reactivity is directed. Using Sjögren's syndrome as a model autoimmune disease, we review the role of stress in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune reactivity. We present data that reveal the effects of stress on salivary gland epithelial cells, suggesting that stress can become immunogenic through its various effects on salivary gland epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Skopouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Internal Medicine and Autoimmune Diseases, Euroclinic of Athens, Greece
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40
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Leehan KM, Pezant NP, Rasmussen A, Grundahl K, Moore JS, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Lessard CJ, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Kaufman CE, Scofield RH, Sivils KL, Montgomery C, Farris AD. Fatty infiltration of the minor salivary glands is a selective feature of aging but not Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:451-457. [PMID: 28988489 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1385776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the presence and assess the extent of fatty infiltration of the minor salivary glands (SG) of primary SS patients (pSS) as compared to those with non-SS sicca (nSS). METHODS Minor SG biopsy samples from 134 subjects with pSS (n = 72) or nSS (n = 62) were imaged. Total area and fatty replacement area for each glandular cross-section (n = 4-6 cross-sections per subject) were measured using Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The observer was blinded to subject classification status. The average area of fatty infiltration calculated per subject was evaluated by logistic regression and general linearized models (GLM) to assess relationships between fatty infiltration and clinical exam results, extent of fibrosis and age. RESULTS The average area of fatty infiltration for subjects with pSS (median% (range) 4.97 (0.05-30.2)) was not significantly different from that of those with nSS (3.75 (0.087-41.9). Infiltration severity varied widely, and subjects with fatty replacement greater than 6% were equivalently distributed between pSS and nSS participants (χ2 p = .50). Age accounted for all apparent relationships between fatty infiltration and fibrosis or reduced saliva flow. The all-inclusive GLM for prediction of pSS versus non-SS classification including fibrosis, age, fatty replacement, and focus score was not significantly different from any desaturated model. In no iteration of the model did fatty replacement exert a significant effect on the capacity to predict pSS classification. CONCLUSIONS Fatty infiltration is an age-associated phenomenon and not a selective feature of Sjögren's syndrome. Sicca patients who do not fulfil pSS criteria have similar rates of fatty infiltration of the minor SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Leehan
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Nathan P Pezant
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Jacen S Moore
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Lida Radfar
- c College of Dentistry , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - David M Lewis
- c College of Dentistry , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Nelson L Rhodus
- e Division of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Barbara M Segal
- f Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | | | - R Hal Scofield
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,g Department of Medicine , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,h Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Courtney Montgomery
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - A Darise Farris
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
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Zeng M, Szymczak M, Ahuja M, Zheng C, Yin H, Swaim W, Chiorini JA, Bridges RJ, Muallem S. Restoration of CFTR Activity in Ducts Rescues Acinar Cell Function and Reduces Inflammation in Pancreatic and Salivary Glands of Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 153. [PMID: 28634110 PMCID: PMC5623154 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmune pancreatitis are disorders with decreased function of salivary, lacrimal glands, and the exocrine pancreas. Nonobese diabetic/ShiLTJ mice and mice transduced with the cytokine BMP6 develop Sjögren's syndrome and chronic pancreatitis and MRL/Mp mice are models of autoimmune pancreatitis. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a ductal Cl- channel essential for ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion. We used these models to ask the following questions: is CFTR expression altered in these diseases, does correction of CFTR correct gland function, and most notably, does correcting ductal function correct acinar function? METHODS We treated the mice models with the CFTR corrector C18 and the potentiator VX770. Glandular, ductal, and acinar cells damage, infiltration, immune cells and function were measured in vivo and in isolated duct/acini. RESULTS In the disease models, CFTR expression is markedly reduced. The salivary glands and pancreas are inflamed with increased fibrosis and tissue damage. Treatment with VX770 and, in particular, C18 restored salivation, rescued CFTR expression and localization, and nearly eliminated the inflammation and tissue damage. Transgenic overexpression of CFTR exclusively in the duct had similar effects. Most notably, the markedly reduced acinar cell Ca2+ signaling, Orai1, inositol triphosphate receptors, Aquaporin 5 expression, and fluid secretion were restored by rescuing ductal CFTR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that correcting ductal function is sufficient to rescue acinar cell function and suggests that CFTR correctors are strong candidates for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zeng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD,North Sichuan Medical College, Fujiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mitchell Szymczak
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - Malini Ahuja
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - Hongen Yin
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - William Swaim
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda MD
| | - Robert J Bridges
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are expressed in most exocrine and endocrine secretory glands. Consequently, summarizing the expression and functions of AQPs in secretory glands represents a daunting task considering the important number of glands present in the body, as well as the number of mammalian AQPs - thirteen. The roles played by AQPs in secretory processes have been investigated in many secretory glands. However, despite considerable research, additional studies are clearly needed to pursue our understanding of the role played by AQPs in secretory processes. This book chapter will focus on summarizing the current knowledge on AQPs expression and function in the gastrointestinal tract , including salivary glands, gastric glands, Duodenal Brunner's gland, liver and gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, as well as few other secretory glands including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands and eccrine sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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43
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Hemon P, Renaudineau Y, Debant M, Le Goux N, Mukherjee S, Brooks W, Mignen O. Calcium Signaling: From Normal B Cell Development to Tolerance Breakdown and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:141-165. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Concepcion AR, Feske S. Regulation of epithelial ion transport in exocrine glands by store-operated Ca 2+ entry. Cell Calcium 2016; 63:53-59. [PMID: 28027799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a conserved mechanism of Ca2+ influx that regulates Ca2+ signaling in many cell types. SOCE is activated by depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores in response to physiological agonist stimulation. After it was first postulated by J.W. Putney Jr. in 1986, SOCE has been described in a large number of non-excitable cell types including secretory cells of different exocrine glands. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which SOCE controls salt and fluid secretion in exocrine glands, with a special focus on eccrine sweat glands. In sweat glands, SOCE plays an important, non-redundant role in regulating the function of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCC), Cl- secretion and sweat production. In the absence of key regulators of SOCE such as the CRAC channel pore subunit ORAI1 and its activator STIM1, the Ca2+-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is inactive and fails to secrete Cl-, resulting in anhidrosis in mice and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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45
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Yamazawa T, Nakamura N, Sato M, Sato C. Secretory glands and microvascular systems imaged in aqueous solution by atmospheric scanning electron microscopy (ASEM). Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1179-1187. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology; The Jikei University School of Medicine; Minato-ku Tokyo 105-8461 Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakamura
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Center for Genomic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
| | - Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan
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46
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Berridge MJ. The Inositol Trisphosphate/Calcium Signaling Pathway in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1261-96. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium (InsP3/Ca2+) signaling pathway that operates through either primary or modulatory mechanisms. In its primary role, it generates the Ca2+ that acts directly to control processes such as metabolism, secretion, fertilization, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. Its modulatory role occurs in excitable cells where it modulates the primary Ca2+ signal generated by the entry of Ca2+ through voltage-operated channels that releases Ca2+ from ryanodine receptors (RYRs) on the internal stores. In carrying out this modulatory role, the InsP3/Ca2+ signaling pathway induces subtle changes in the generation and function of the voltage-dependent primary Ca2+ signal. Changes in the nature of both the primary and modulatory roles of InsP3/Ca2+ signaling are a contributory factor responsible for the onset of a large number human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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47
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Imbery JF, Bhattacharya S, Khuder S, Weiss A, Goswamee P, Iqbal AK, Giovannucci DR. cAMP-dependent recruitment of acidic organelles for Ca2+ signaling in the salivary gland. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C697-C709. [PMID: 27605449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00010.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic neural activation of intracellular Ca2+ release in parotid acinar cells induces the secretion of the fluid and protein components of primary saliva critical for maintaining overall oral homeostasis. In the current study, we profiled the role of acidic organelles in shaping the Ca2+ signals of parotid acini using a variety of imaging and pharmacological approaches. Results demonstrate that zymogen granules predominate as an apically polarized population of acidic organelles that contributes to the initial Ca2+ release. Moreover, we provide evidence that indicates a role for the intracellular messenger NAADP in the release of Ca2+ from acidic organelles following elevation of cAMP. Our data are consistent with the "trigger" hypothesis where localized release of Ca2+ sensitizes canonical intracellular Ca2+ channels to enhance signals from the endoplasmic reticulum. Release from acidic stores may be important for initiating saliva secretion at low levels of stimulation and a potential therapeutic target to augment secretory activity in hypofunctioning salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Imbery
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sumit Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sura Khuder
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Amanda Weiss
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Azwar K Iqbal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David R Giovannucci
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio
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Ambudkar IS. Calcium signalling in salivary gland physiology and dysfunction. J Physiol 2016; 594:2813-24. [PMID: 26592972 PMCID: PMC4887685 DOI: 10.1113/jp271143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past four decades have established that Ca(2+) is a critical factor in control of salivary gland function and have led to identification of the critical components of this process. The major ion transport mechanisms and ion channels that are involved in fluid secretion have also been established. The key event in activation of fluid secretion is an increase in [Ca(2+) ]i triggered by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 )-induced release of Ca(2+) from ER via the IP3 receptor (IP3 R). IP3 Rs determine the site of initiation and the pattern of the [Ca(2+) ]i signal in the cell. However, Ca(2+) entry into the cell is required to sustain the elevation of [Ca(2+) ]i and fluid secretion and is mediated by the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) mechanism. Orai1, TRPC1, TRPC3 and STIM1 have been identified as critical components of SOCE in these cells. Cells finely tune the generation and amplification of [Ca(2+) ]i signals for regulation of cell function. An important emerging area is the concept that unregulated [Ca(2+) ]i signals in cells can directly cause cell damage, dysfunction and disease. Alternatively, aberrant [Ca(2+) ]i signals can also amplify and increase the rates of cell damage. Such defects in Ca(2+) signalling have been described in salivary glands in conjunction with radiation-induced loss of salivary gland function as well as in the salivary defects associated with the autoimmune exocrinopathy Sjögren's syndrome. Such defects have been associated with altered function or expression of key Ca(2+) signalling components, such as STIM proteins and TRP channels. These studies offer new avenues for examining the mechanisms underlying the disease and development of novel clinical targets and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu S Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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49
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Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is estimated to affect 35 million people worldwide. Currently, no effective treatments exist for Sjögren's syndrome, and there is a limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation. The present work revealed that aquaporin 5 expression, a water channel critical for salivary gland fluid secretion, is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 6. Increased expression of this cytokine is strongly associated with the most common symptom of primary Sjögren's syndrome, the loss of salivary gland function. This finding led us to develop a therapy in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome by increasing the water permeability of the gland to restore saliva flow. Our study demonstrates that the targeted increase of gland permeability not only resulted in the restoration of secretory gland function but also resolved the hallmark salivary gland inflammation and systemic inflammation associated with disease. Secretory function also increased in the lacrimal gland, suggesting this local therapy could treat the systemic symptoms associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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50
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Adenovirus-mediated hAQP1 expression in irradiated mouse salivary glands causes recovery of saliva secretion by enhancing acinar cell volume decrease. Gene Ther 2016; 23:572-9. [PMID: 26966862 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck irradiation (IR) during cancer treatment causes by-stander effects on the salivary glands leading to irreversible loss of saliva secretion. The mechanism underlying loss of fluid secretion is not understood and no adequate therapy is currently available. Delivery of an adenoviral vector encoding human aquaporin-1 (hAQP1) into the salivary glands of human subjects and animal models with radiation-induced salivary hypofunction leads to significant recovery of saliva secretion and symptomatic relief in subjects. To elucidate the mechanism underlying loss of salivary secretion and the basis for AdhAQP1-dependent recovery of salivary gland function we assessed submandibular gland function in control mice and mice 2 and 8 months after treatment with a single 15-Gy dose of IR (delivered to the salivary gland region). Salivary secretion and neurotransmitter-stimulated changes in acinar cell volume, an in vitro read-out for fluid secretion, were monitored. Consistent with the sustained 60% loss of fluid secretion following IR, a carbachol (CCh)-induced decrease in acinar cell volume from the glands of mice post IR was transient and attenuated as compared with that in cells from non-IR age-matched mice. The hAQP1 expression in non-IR mice induced no significant effect on salivary fluid secretion or CCh-stimulated cell volume changes, except in acinar cells from 8-month group where the initial rate of cell shrinkage was increased. Importantly, the expression of hAQP1 in the glands of mice post IR induced recovery of salivary fluid secretion and a volume decrease in acinar cells to levels similar to those in cells from non-IR mice. The initial rates of CCh-stimulated cell volume reduction in acinar cells from hAQP1-expressing glands post IR were similar to those from control cells. Altogether, the data suggest that expression of hAQP1 increases the water permeability of acinar cells, which underlies the recovery of fluid secretion in the salivary glands functionally compromised post IR.
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