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Noble RMN, Kirschenman R, Wiedemeyer A, Patel V, Rachid JJ, Zemp RJ, Davidge ST, Bourque SL. Use of Photoacoustic Imaging to Study the Effects of Anemia on Placental Oxygen Saturation in Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:966-974. [PMID: 38012522 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate fetal and placental oxygen saturation (sO2) in anemic and non-anemic pregnant rats throughout gestation using photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-restricted or iron-replete diet before and during pregnancy. On gestational days 13, 18, and 21, PAI was coupled with high resolution ultrasound to measure oxygenation of the fetus, whole placenta, mesometrial triangle, as well as the maternal and fetal faces of the placenta. PAI was performed in 3D, which allowed sO2 to be measured within an entire region, as well as in 2D, which enabled sO2 measurements in response to a hypoxic event in real time. Both 3D and 2D PAI were performed at varying levels of FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen). Iron restriction caused anemia in dams and fetuses, a reduction in fetal body weight, and an increase in placental weight, but overall had minimal effects on sO2. Reductions in FiO2 caused corresponding reductions in sO2 which correlated to the severity of the hypoxic challenge. Regional differences in sO2 were evident within the placenta and between the placenta and fetus. In conclusion, PAI enables non-invasive measurement of sO2 both rapidly and with a high degree of sensitivity. The lack of overt changes in sO2 levels between control and anemic fetuses may suggest reduced oxygen extraction and utilization in the latter group, which could be attributed to compensatory changes in growth and developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M N Noble
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alyssa Wiedemeyer
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vaishvi Patel
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jad-Julian Rachid
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roger J Zemp
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Dande A, Pajai S, Gupta A, Dande S, Sethi N. Unraveling the Role of Maternal Serum Ferritin Levels in Preterm Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e54515. [PMID: 38516441 PMCID: PMC10955505 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm delivery remains a critical global health concern, with numerous adverse consequences for both neonate and healthcare systems. Understanding the relationship between maternal ferritin levels, as a marker of iron status, and the risk of preterm birth is the focal point of this comprehensive review. We provide insights into the multifaceted nature of this connection, highlighting factors that influence maternal ferritin levels, including dietary intake, genetic and physiological variations, comorbidities, and iron supplementation. While evidence suggests an association between low maternal ferritin levels and preterm birth, causality remains elusive, necessitating further research with robust study designs. The potential mechanisms linking maternal iron status to preterm birth, such as inflammation, infection, and oxidative stress, are explored, underscoring the need for in-depth investigations. This comprehensive review emphasizes the clinical importance of assessing and monitoring maternal ferritin levels in prenatal care and advocates for public health initiatives to raise awareness and provide targeted interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. As we strive to address these unanswered questions and embark on innovative research directions, the aim is to ultimately enhance our understanding of the complex relationship between maternal iron status and preterm birth, leading to improved maternal and child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Dande
- Obstetrics and Genecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sandhya Pajai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Aishwarya Gupta
- Obstetrics and Genecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Seema Dande
- Obstetrics and Genecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Neha Sethi
- Obstetrics and Genecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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Noble RMN, Holody CD, Woodman AG, Nie C, Liu SN, Young D, Wiedemeyer A, Soni S, Dyck JRB, Graf D, Eckersley LG, Dufour A, Bourque SL. Perinatal iron restriction is associated with changes in neonatal cardiac function and structure in a sex-dependent manner. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1115-1130. [PMID: 37463130 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is common during gestation and in early infancy and can alter developmental trajectories with lasting consequences on cardiovascular health. While the effects of ID and anemia on the mature heart are well documented, comparatively little is known about their effects and mechanisms on offspring cardiac development and function in the neonatal period. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-restricted or iron-replete diet before and during pregnancy. Cardiac function was assessed in a cohort of offspring on postnatal days (PD) 4, 14, and 28 by echocardiography; a separate cohort was euthanized for tissue collection and hearts underwent quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis. ID reduced body weight and increased relative heart weights at all time points assessed, despite recovering from anemia by PD28. Echocardiographic studies revealed unique functional impairments in ID male and female offspring, characterized by greater systolic dysfunction in the former and greater diastolic dysfunction in the latter. Proteomic analysis revealed down-regulation of structural components by ID, as well as enriched cellular responses to stress; in general, these effects were more pronounced in males. ID causes functional changes in the neonatal heart, which may reflect an inadequate or maladaptive compensation to anemia. This identifies systolic and diastolic dysfunction as comorbidities to perinatal ID anemia which may have important implications for both the short- and long-term cardiac health of newborn babies. Furthermore, therapies which improve cardiac output may mitigate the effects of ID on organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan M N Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claudia D Holody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew G Woodman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chunpeng Nie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Si Ning Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alyssa Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shubham Soni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Luke G Eckersley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Perinatal iron deficiency causes sex-dependent alterations in renal retinoic acid signaling and nephrogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109227. [PMID: 36435294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-term alterations in kidney structure and function have been observed in offspring exposed to perinatal stressors such as iron deficiency (ID), albeit the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, we assessed how perinatal ID alters renal vitamin A metabolism, an important contributor to nephrogenesis, in the developing kidney. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed either an iron-restricted or -replete diet throughout gestation, and offspring were studied on postnatal day (PD)1 and 28. Maternal iron restriction results in reduced renal retinoid concentrations in male and female offspring on PD1 (P=.005). Nephron endowment was reduced by 21% in male perinatal ID offspring (P<.001), whereas it was unaffected in perinatal ID females. Perinatal ID resulted in sex-dependent changes in kidney retinoid synthesis and metabolism, whereby male offspring exhibited increased expression of Raldh2 and Rar/Rxr isoforms, while females exhibited unchanged or decreased expression (all interaction P<.05). Male perinatal ID offspring exhibit sex-specific enhancements of retinoic acid pathway signaling components on PD1, including Gdnf (P<.01) and Ctnnb1 (P<.01), albeit robust upregulation of RA transcriptional target Stra6 was observed in both sexes (P=.006). On PD28, perinatal ID resulted in elevated renal retinoid concentrations (P=.02) coinciding with enhanced expression of Raldh2 (P=.04), but not any Rar isoform or Rxr. Further, perinatal ID resulted in robust upregulation of Gdnf, Ret, Ctnnb1, associated with further increases in both Cxcr4 and Stra6 (all P<.01) at PD28. Together, these data suggest perinatal ID results in sustained sex-dependent perturbations in vitamin A metabolism, which likely underlie sex-specific reductions in nephron endowment.
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Pan W, Gao H, Ying X, Xu C, Ye X, Shao Y, Hua M, Shao J, Zhang X, Fu S, Yang M. Food-derived bioactive oligopeptide iron complexes ameliorate iron deficiency anemia and offspring development in pregnant rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:997006. [PMID: 36159485 PMCID: PMC9490415 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.997006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate anemia treatment and other potential effects of two food-derived bioactive oligopeptide iron complexes on pregnant rats with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and their offspring. Rats with IDA were established with a low iron diet and then mated. There were one control group and seven randomly assigned groups of pregnant rats with IDA: Control group [Control, 40 ppm ferrous sulfate (FeSO4)]; IDA model group (ID, 4 ppm FeSO4), three high-iron groups (H-FeSO4, 400 ppm FeSO4; MCOP-Fe, 400 ppm marine fish oligopeptide iron complex; WCOP-Fe, 400 ppm whey protein oligopeptide iron complex) and three low-iron groups (L-FeSO4, 40 ppm FeSO4; MOP-Fe, 40 ppm marine fish oligopeptide iron complex; WOP-Fe, 40 ppm whey protein oligopeptide iron complex). Rats in each group were fed the corresponding special diet during pregnancy until the day of delivery. After different doses of iron supplement, serum hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin levels in rats with IDA were significantly increased to normal levels (P < 0.05). Serum iron levels were significantly lower in two food-derived bioactive oligopeptide low-iron complex groups than in the low FeSO4 group (P<0.05). Liver malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the three high-iron groups compared with the other five groups (P < 0.05), and hemosiderin deposition was observed in liver tissue, indicating that the iron dose was overloaded and aggravated the peroxidative damage in pregnant rats. Liver inflammation was reduced in the three low-iron groups. Tumor necrosis factor α secretion was significantly decreased in all groups with supplemented oligopeptide (P < 0.05), with the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α declining to normal levels in the two whey protein oligopeptide iron complex groups. In the marine fish oligopeptide iron complex groups, body length, tail length, and weight of offspring were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and reached normal levels. Therefore, food-derived bioactive oligopeptide (derived from marine fish skin and milk) iron complexes may be an effective type of iron supplement for pregnancy to improve anemia, as well as reduce the side effects of iron overload, and improve the growth and nutritional status of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiju Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yelin Shao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Hua
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxue Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Fu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health, and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yang
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Chang YH, Chen WH, Su CH, Yu HR, Tain YL, Huang LT, Sheen JM. Maternal Iron Deficiency Programs Rat Offspring Hypertension in Relation to Renin—Angiotensin System and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158294. [PMID: 35955421 PMCID: PMC9368932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health challenge, affecting up to 30–50% of adults worldwide. Several epidemiological studies indicate that high blood pressure originates in fetal life—the so-called programming effect or developmental origin of hypertension. Iron-deficiency anemia has become one of the most prevalent nutritional problems globally. Previous animal experiments have shown that prenatal iron-deficiency anemia adversely affects offspring hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We used a maternal low-iron diet Sprague Dawley rat model to study changes in blood pressure, the renal renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and sodium transporters in adult male offspring. Our study revealed that 16-week-old male offspring born to mothers with low dietary iron throughout pregnancy and the lactation period had (1) higher blood pressure, (2) increased renal cortex angiotensin II receptor type 1 and angiotensin-converting enzyme abundance, (3) decreased renal cortex angiotensin II receptor type 2 and MAS abundance, and (4) increased renal 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and interleukin-6 abundance. Improving the iron status of pregnant mothers could influence the development of hypertension in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Chung-Hao Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61344, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-H.C.); (C.-H.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.); (L.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975056177; Fax: +886-7-7338009
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A Highly Fluorescent Pyrene-Based Sensor for Selective Detection Of Fe 3+ Ion in Aqueous Medium: Computational Investigations. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1229-1238. [PMID: 35353278 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor based on pyrene derivative for Fe(III) ion sensing in DMSO/water media. 2-(pyrene-2-yl)-1-(pyrene-2-ylmethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (PEBD) receptor was synthesized via simple condensation reaction and confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. The receptor exhibits fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe(III) ions at 440 nm. ESI-MS and Job's method were used to confirm the 1:1 molar binding ratio of the receptor PEBD to Fe(III) ions. Using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation the binding constant value was determined as 8.485 × 103 M-1. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD, 3σ/K) value was found to be 1.81 µM in DMSO/water (95/5, v/v) media. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States, it is lower than the acceptable value of Fe3+ in drinking water (0.3 mg/L). The presence of 14 other metal ions such Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, K+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Zn2+ did not interfere with the detection of Fe(III) ions. The fluorescence life-time of the receptor PEBD with and without Fe3+ ion was found to be 1.097 × 10-9 s and 0.9202 × 10-9 s respectively. Similarly, the quantum yield of the receptor PEBD with Fe3+ and without Fe3+ ion was calculated, and found as 0.05 and 0.25 respectively. Computational studies of the receptor PEBD were carried out with density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/ 6-311G (d, p), LANL2DZ level of theory.
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Shati AA, Zaki MSA, Alqahtani YA, Haidara MA, Alshehri MA, Dawood AF, Eid RA. Intermittent Short-Duration Re-oxygenation Attenuates Cardiac Changes in Response to Hypoxia: Histological, Ultrastructural and Oxidant/Antioxidant Parameters. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10150. [PMID: 35996511 PMCID: PMC9302540 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2022.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Context: Intermittent short-duration re-oxygenation attenuates cardiac changes in response to hypoxia. Objective: To see if intermittent short-duration re-oxygenation may protect the heart muscle from hypoxia damage. Materials and Methods: Eighteen albino rats were used to carry out the study. Rats divided into: (normoxia); rats exposed to room air as a control, second (hypoxic) group; rats subjected to a pressure of 405 mmHg in a hypobaric chamber to simulate hypoxia at 5,000 m, and third (intermittent short-duration re-oxygenation); rats exposed to room air three times per day. Experiments were all 14 days long. Results: Hypoxia enhanced the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde while lowering the antioxidant superoxide dismutase . The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the myocardium were elevated in hypoxic hearts. The hypoxic rats’ cardiac myofibrils showed disarray of muscle fibres, vacuolation of the sarcoplasm, pyknosis of the nucleus, and expansion of intercellular gaps on histological examination. In addition, cardiomyocytes showed degenerative defects in ventricular myocardial cells on ultrastructural analysis. Myofibril thinning and degenerative mitochondrial changes affected intercalated discs with fascia adherent, desmosomes, and gap junction. Intermittent short-duration re-oxygenation improve cardiac histological, ultrastructural and oxidant/antioxidant parameters changes during hypoxia. Conclusion: Hypoxia showed a substantial impact on myocardial architecture, as well as increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intermittent short-duration re-oxygenation significantly decreases hypoxia-induced cardiac changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed Samir A. Zaki,
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Alshehri
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Kalisch-Smith JI, Morris EC, Strevens MAA, Redpath AN, Klaourakis K, Szumska D, Outhwaite JE, Sun X, Vieira JM, Smart N, De Val S, Riley PR, Sparrow DB. Analysis of Placental Arteriovenous Formation Reveals New Insights Into Embryos With Congenital Heart Defects. Front Genet 2022; 12:806136. [PMID: 35126469 PMCID: PMC8809359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.806136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental vasculature provides the developing embryo with a circulation to deliver nutrients and dispose of waste products. However, in the mouse, the vascular components of the chorio-allantoic placenta have been largely unexplored due to a lack of well-validated molecular markers. This is required to study how these blood vessels form in development and how they are impacted by embryonic or maternal defects. Here, we employed marker analysis to characterize the arterial/arteriole and venous/venule endothelial cells (ECs) during normal mouse placental development. We reveal that placental ECs are potentially unique compared with their embryonic counterparts. We assessed embryonic markers of arterial ECs, venous ECs, and their capillary counterparts-arteriole and venule ECs. Major findings were that the arterial tree exclusively expressed Dll4, and venous vascular tree could be distinguished from the arterial tree by Endomucin (EMCN) expression levels. The relationship between the placenta and developing heart is particularly interesting. These two organs form at the same stages of embryogenesis and are well known to affect each other's growth trajectories. However, although there are many mouse models of heart defects, these are not routinely assessed for placental defects. Using these new placental vascular markers, we reveal that mouse embryos from one model of heart defects, caused by maternal iron deficiency, also have defects in the formation of the placental arterial, but not the venous, vascular tree. Defects to the embryonic cardiovascular system can therefore have a significant impact on blood flow delivery and expansion of the placental arterial tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta I. Kalisch-Smith
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily C. Morris
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary A. A. Strevens
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andia N. Redpath
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kostantinos Klaourakis
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Szumska
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludvig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xin Sun
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Val
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludvig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Riley
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan B. Sparrow
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Roberts H, Woodman AG, Baines KJ, Jeyarajah MJ, Bourque SL, Renaud SJ. Maternal Iron Deficiency Alters Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development in Rat Pregnancy. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6396887. [PMID: 34647996 PMCID: PMC8559528 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, which occurs when iron demands chronically exceed intake, is prevalent in pregnant women. Iron deficiency during pregnancy poses major risks for the baby, including fetal growth restriction and long-term health complications. The placenta serves as the interface between a pregnant mother and her baby, and it ensures adequate nutrient provisions for the fetus. Thus, maternal iron deficiency may impact fetal growth and development by altering placental function. We used a rat model of diet-induced iron deficiency to investigate changes in placental growth and development. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low-iron or iron-replete diet starting 2 weeks before mating. Compared with controls, both maternal and fetal hemoglobin were reduced in dams fed low-iron diets. Iron deficiency decreased fetal liver and body weight, but not brain, heart, or kidney weight. Placental weight was increased in iron deficiency, due primarily to expansion of the placental junctional zone. The stimulatory effect of iron deficiency on junctional zone development was recapitulated in vitro, as exposure of rat trophoblast stem cells to the iron chelator deferoxamine increased differentiation toward junctional zone trophoblast subtypes. Gene expression analysis revealed 464 transcripts changed at least 1.5-fold (P < 0.05) in placentas from iron-deficient dams, including altered expression of genes associated with oxygen transport and lipoprotein metabolism. Expression of genes associated with iron homeostasis was unchanged despite differences in levels of their encoded proteins. Our findings reveal robust changes in placentation during maternal iron deficiency, which could contribute to the increased risk of fetal distress in these pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Roberts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Andrew G Woodman
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Kelly J Baines
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Mariyan J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A5C1, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, N6C2V5, Canada
- Correspondence: Stephen J. Renaud, PhD, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5C1.
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11
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Ali EM, El-Sayed SM, Elbastawisy YM. Ultrastructural aberrations, histological disruption and upregulation of the VEGF, CD34 and ASMA immunoexpression in the myocardium of anemic albino rats. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151731. [PMID: 34052675 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem affecting various body systems and tissues including the cardiovascular system. Several literatures described the associated physiological and clinical changes in the cardiovascular system and heart. However, the associated structural changes were poorly investigated. Therefore, the main aim of the present work was to elucidate whether IDA induces structural changes and alterations in the VEGF, CD34 and ASMA immunoexpression in the myocardium of albino rats. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into two groups (fifteen rats each); control and anemic. Hematological data for all animals were assessed weekly and statistically analyzed. Three weeks later, animals were sacrificed, and heart specimens were obtained and processed for light and electron microscopy. All hematological parameters showed a statistically significant decrease in the anemic group. Structurally, the anemic group showed markedly degenerated, disrupted and disorganized cardiomyocytes in addition to markedly congested blood vessels, fibroblasts, collagen fibers deposition and perivascular cellular infiltration were noted. Also, positive immunostaining for VEGF, CD34 and ASMA was observed. Ultra-structurally, the myocardium of the anemic group showed disrupted and degenerated myofibrils with degenerated nuclei, perinuclear edema, widened interstitial spaces and marked collagen deposition. Mitochondria markedly increased with abnormal shapes. IDA induced myocardial injury that may propagate to regeneration through activated CD34 progenitor cells and increased VEGF or to degeneration and fibrosis through collagen fibers deposition and enhanced ASMA. So, early diagnosis and treatment of IDA is mandatory to avoid the associated myocardial structural changes.
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12
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Quezada-Pinedo HG, Cassel F, Duijts L, Muckenthaler MU, Gassmann M, Jaddoe VWV, Reiss IKM, Vermeulen MJ. Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072221. [PMID: 34203528 PMCID: PMC8308244 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, iron deficiency and iron overload increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the effects of maternal iron status on long-term child health are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze the literature on maternal iron status in pregnancy and long-term outcomes in the offspring after birth. We report a systematic review on maternal iron status during pregnancy in relation to child health outcomes after birth, from database inception until 21 January 2021, with methodological quality rating (Newcastle-Ottawa tool) and random-effect meta-analysis. (PROSPERO, CRD42020162202). The search identified 8139 studies, of which 44 were included, describing 12,7849 mother–child pairs. Heterogeneity amongst the studies was strong. Methodological quality was predominantly moderate to high. Iron status was measured usually late in pregnancy. The majority of studies compared categories based on maternal ferritin, however, definitions of iron deficiency differed across studies. The follow-up period was predominantly limited to infancy. Fifteen studies reported outcomes on child iron status or hemoglobin, 20 on neurodevelopmental outcomes, and the remainder on a variety of other outcomes. In half of the studies, low maternal iron status or iron deficiency was associated with adverse outcomes in children. Meta-analyses showed an association of maternal ferritin with child soluble transferrin receptor concentrations, though child ferritin, transferrin saturation, or hemoglobin values showed no consistent association. Studies on maternal iron status above normal, or iron excess, suggest deleterious effects on infant growth, cognition, and childhood Type 1 diabetes. Maternal iron status in pregnancy was not consistently associated with child iron status after birth. The very heterogeneous set of studies suggests detrimental effects of iron deficiency, and possibly also of overload, on other outcomes including child neurodevelopment. Studies are needed to determine clinically meaningful definitions of iron deficiency and overload in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo G. Quezada-Pinedo
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.Q.-P.); (V.W.V.J.); (I.K.M.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Cassel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (L.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Zurich Center for Integrative, Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.Q.-P.); (V.W.V.J.); (I.K.M.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (H.G.Q.-P.); (V.W.V.J.); (I.K.M.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Marijn J. Vermeulen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.C.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS. Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:153-167. [PMID: 32955011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuruddin Mohammed
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Schrauben
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Dietary Iron Intake in Excess of Requirements Impairs Intestinal Copper Absorption in Sprague Dawley Rat Dams, Causing Copper Deficiency in Suckling Pups. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040338. [PMID: 33801587 PMCID: PMC8065423 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically relevant iron-copper interactions have been frequently documented. For example, excess enteral iron inhibits copper absorption in laboratory rodents and humans. Whether this also occurs during pregnancy and lactation, when iron supplementation is frequently recommended, is, however, unknown. Here, the hypothesis that high dietary iron will perturb copper homeostasis in pregnant and lactating dams and their pups was tested. We utilized a rat model of iron-deficiency/iron supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to assess this possibility. Rat dams were fed low-iron diets early in pregnancy, and then switched to one of 5 diets with normal (1×) to high iron (20×) until pups were 14 days old. Subsequently, copper and iron homeostasis, and intestinal copper absorption (by oral, intragastric gavage with 64Cu), were assessed. Copper depletion/deficiency occurred in the dams and pups as dietary iron increased, as evidenced by decrements in plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity, depletion of hepatic copper, and liver iron loading. Intestinal copper transport and tissue 64Cu accumulation were lower in dams consuming excess iron, and tissue 64Cu was also low in suckling pups. In some cases, physiological disturbances were noted when dietary iron was only ~3-fold in excess, while for others, effects were observed when dietary iron was 10–20-fold in excess. Excess enteral iron thus antagonizes the absorption of dietary copper, causing copper depletion in dams and their suckling pups. Low milk copper is a likely explanation for copper depletion in the pups, but experimental proof of this awaits future experimentation.
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15
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Developmental programming of cardiovascular function: a translational perspective. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3023-3046. [PMID: 33231619 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is a concept linking pre- and early postnatal exposures to environmental influences with long-term health outcomes and susceptibility to disease. It has provided a new perspective on the etiology and evolution of chronic disease risk, and as such is a classic example of a paradigm shift. What first emerged as the 'fetal origins of disease', the evolution of the DOHaD conceptual framework is a storied one in which preclinical studies played an important role. With its potential clinical applications of DOHaD, there is increasing desire to leverage this growing body of preclinical work to improve health outcomes in populations all over the world. In this review, we provide a perspective on the values and limitations of preclinical research, and the challenges that impede its translation. The review focuses largely on the developmental programming of cardiovascular function and begins with a brief discussion on the emergence of the 'Barker hypothesis', and its subsequent evolution into the more-encompassing DOHaD framework. We then discuss some fundamental pathophysiological processes by which developmental programming may occur, and attempt to define these as 'instigator' and 'effector' mechanisms, according to their role in early adversity. We conclude with a brief discussion of some notable challenges that hinder the translation of this preclinical work.
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Gragasin FS, Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Kim SH, Kokotilo M, Woodman AG, Renaud SJ, Bourque SL. Maternal and Cord Blood Hemoglobin as Determinants of Placental Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050997. [PMID: 33801215 PMCID: PMC7957881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both high and low placental weights are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal hemoglobin levels can influence placental weight, but the evidence is conflicting. Since maternal hemoglobin does not invariably correlate with fetal/neonatal blood hemoglobin levels, we sought to determine whether cord blood hemoglobin or maternal hemoglobin status more closely associates with placental weight in women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada, involving 202 women with term singleton pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section. Maternal blood and mixed cord blood hemoglobin levels were analyzed using a HemoCue Hb201+ system. Birth weight, placental weight, one- and five-minute APGAR scores, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical state classification, maternal age, and maternal height were also recorded. Relationships between maternal and cord blood hemoglobin levels with placental weight, birth weight, and birth weight to placental weight ratio were the main outcome measures. Results: A total of 182 subjects were included in the analysis. Regression analysis showed that cord blood hemoglobin, but not maternal hemoglobin, was inversely related with placental weight (β = −2.4, p = 0.001) and positively related with the birth weight to placental weight ratio (β = 0.015, p = 0.001 and p = 0.63, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that measuring cord blood hemoglobin levels, rather than maternal hemoglobin levels, may provide important diagnostic information about in utero fetal adaptation to suboptimal placental function and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrante S. Gragasin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Maria B. Ospina
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada;
| | - Matthew Kokotilo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrew G. Woodman
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6000
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17
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Watkins VY, Frolova AI, Stout MJ, Carter EB, Macones GA, Cahill AG, Raghuraman N. The relationship between maternal anemia and umbilical cord oxygen content at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 3:100270. [PMID: 33451626 PMCID: PMC7811574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is one of the most commonly diagnosed comorbidities in pregnancy and is known to increase the risk of obstetrical complications. However, little is known about the effect of anemia on placental oxygen transfer and fetal oxygenation. OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between maternal anemia and fetal oxygenation status at delivery as measured by umbilical cord partial pressure of oxygen. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of singleton term deliveries with universal admission complete blood count and umbilical cord gases between 2010 and 2014. Maternal anemia was defined as hemoglobin of ≤10 g/dL on admission. The primary outcomes were umbilical artery and vein partial pressure of oxygen; the secondary outcomes were acidemia (umbilical artery pH of <7.1), hypoxemia (umbilical artery or umbilical vein partial pressure of oxygen at the <5th percentile), and hyperoxemia (umbilical artery/umbilical vein partial pressure of oxygen at the >90th percentile). Outcomes were compared between patients with and without anemia. RESULTS Maternal anemia was associated with a significantly higher umbilical artery partial pressure of oxygen (median [interquartile range], 20 [16-24] vs 19 [15-24] mm Hg; P=.01) and umbilical vein partial pressure of oxygen (median [interquartile range], 30 [25-36] vs 29 [23-34] mm Hg; P<.01). Neonates born to anemic mothers were more likely to have umbilical vein hyperoxemia (15.7% vs 10.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-1.81) with no difference in umbilical artery hyperoxemia. There was no difference in the rates of umbilical artery or umbilical vein hypoxemia. Although maternal anemia was associated with a significant difference in umbilical artery pH (7.28±0.060 vs 7.27±0.065; P<.01), there was no difference in the rate of neonatal acidemia between groups (1.6% vs 1.9%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-1.55). CONCLUSION Umbilical cord oxygen content is higher in anemic mothers. Maternal anemia may lead to adaptations in maternal, placental, and fetal physiology, allowing for easier unloading of oxygen to the placenta and increased oxygen transfer to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Y Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Antonina I Frolova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Molly J Stout
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ebony B Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - George A Macones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Alison G Cahill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Nandini Raghuraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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18
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Woodman AG, Mah R, Keddie DL, Noble RMN, Holody CD, Panahi S, Gragasin FS, Lemieux H, Bourque SL. Perinatal iron deficiency and a high salt diet cause long-term kidney mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:183-192. [PMID: 30715197 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Perinatal iron deficiency (ID) alters developmental trajectories of offspring, predisposing them to cardiovascular dysfunction in later life. The mechanisms underlying this long-term programming of renal function have not been defined. We hypothesized perinatal ID causes hypertension and alters kidney metabolic function and morphology in a sex-dependent manner in adult offspring. Furthermore, we hypothesized these effects are exacerbated by chronic consumption of a high salt diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were fed either an iron-restricted or replete diet prior to and throughout pregnancy. Adult offspring were fed normal or high salt diets for 6 weeks prior to experimentation at 6 months of age. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed via indwelling catheters in anaesthetized offspring; kidney mitochondrial function was assessed via high-resolution respirometry; reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide were quantified via fluorescence microscopy. Adult males, but not females, exhibited increased systolic BP due to ID (P = 0.01) and high salt intake (P = 0.02). In males, but not in females, medullary mitochondrial content was increased by high salt (P = 0.003), while succinate-dependent respiration was reduced by ID (P < 0.05). The combination of perinatal ID and high salt reduced complex IV activity in the cortex of males (P = 0.01). Perinatal ID increased cytosolic superoxide generation (P < 0.001) concomitant with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability (P < 0.001) in male offspring, while high salt increased mitochondrial superoxide in the medulla (P = 0.04) and cytosolic superoxide within the cortex (P = 0.01). Male offspring exhibited glomerular basement membrane thickening (P < 0.05), increased collagen deposition (P < 0.05), and glomerular hypertrophy (interaction, P = 0.02) due to both perinatal ID and high salt. Female offspring exhibited no alterations in mitochondrial function or morphology due to either high salt or ID. CONCLUSION Perinatal ID causes long-term sex-dependent alterations in renal metabolic function and morphology, potentially contributing to hypertension and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Woodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Richard Mah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Danae L Keddie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ronan M N Noble
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Claudia D Holody
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ferrante S Gragasin
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Helene Lemieux
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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19
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Hsieh HY, Chen YC, Hsu MH, Yu HR, Su CH, Tain YL, Huang LT, Sheen JM. Maternal Iron Deficiency Programs Offspring Cognition and Its Relationship with Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Metabolites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6070. [PMID: 32825437 PMCID: PMC7504367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for the brain development of the fetus. Altered intestinal microbiota might affect behavior and cognition through the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. We used a Sprague-Dawley rat model of a maternal low-iron diet to explore the changes in cognition, dorsal hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and related pathways, gut microbiota, and related metabolites in adult male offspring. We established maternal iron-deficient rats by feeding them a low-iron diet (2.9 mg/kg), while the control rats were fed a standard diet (52.3 mg/kg). We used a Morris water maze test to assess spatial learning and long-term memory. Western blot (WB) assays and a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the BDNF concentration and related signaling pathways. We collected fecal samples for microbiota profiling and measured the concentrations of plasma short-chain fatty acids. The adult male offspring of maternal rats fed low-iron diets before pregnancy, during pregnancy and throughout the lactation period had (1) spatial deficits, (2) a decreased BDNF mRNA expression and protein concentrations, accompanied by a decreased TrkB protein abundance, (3) a decreased plasma acetate concentration, and (4) an enrichment of the Bacteroidaceae genus Bacteroides and Lachnospiraceae genus Marvinbryantia. Maternal iron deficiency leads to an offspring spatial deficit and is associated with alternations in gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Chung-Hao Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-Y.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.H.); (H.-R.Y.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
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20
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Grzeszczak K, Kwiatkowski S, Kosik-Bogacka D. The Role of Fe, Zn, and Cu in Pregnancy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1176. [PMID: 32806787 PMCID: PMC7463674 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are microelements essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. These elements participatein many processes, including cellular metabolism and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses, and also influence enzyme activity, regulate gene expression, and take part in protein synthesis. Fe, Cu, and Zn have a significant impact on the health of pregnant women and in the development of the fetus, as well as on the health of the newborn. A proper concentration of these elements in the body of women during pregnancy reduces the risk of complications such as anemia, induced hypertension, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and postnatal complications. The interactions between Fe, Cu, and Zn influence their availability due to their similar physicochemical properties. This most often occurs during intestinal absorption, where metal ions compete for binding sites with transport compounds. Additionally, the relationships between these ions have a great influence on the course of reactions in the tissues, as well as on their excretion, which can be stimulated or delayed. This review aims to summarize reports on the influence of Fe, Cu, and Zn on the course of single and multiple pregnancies, and to discuss the interdependencies and mechanisms occurring between Fe, Cu, and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Grzeszczak
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Vafaei H, Karimi S, Akbarzadeh Jahromi M, Asadi N, Kasraeian M. The effect of mother's β-thalassemia minor on placental histology and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:1907-1914. [PMID: 32495664 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1774540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: β-thalassemia is a prevalent disease in Iran. The adverse effects of anemia on placental and neonatal outcomes have previously been shown. Women require additional iron during pregnancy and the anemia of women with β-thalassemia may adversely affect the neonatal outcome and increase placental abnormalities. In this study, we compared the placental histology and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with and without β-thalassemia.Material and methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, 144 pregnant women with β-thalassemia minor (case group) were compared to 142 women without β-thalassemia (control group). Women with singleton pregnancies over 20 weeks of gestation without pregnancy complications, anemia, collagen vascular diseases, or other hemoglobinopathies, all referred to hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from March 2014 to February 2016, were included and maternal and neonatal data were extracted from medical records. After child birth, the placenta was evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic changes.Results: The frequency of LBW was significantly higher in the case group than that in the control group (19.7 vs. 9.7%, respectively) (p = .019). Six in the case group had gross abnormalities of placenta, while none in the control group (p = .03) and the case group had a higher frequency of chorangiosis, calcification, syncytial knot, and umbilical cord position (p < .05).Conclusion: As β-thalassemia increases the chance of placental abnormalities, it is recommended to pay more attention to patients with β-thalassemia, especially during pregnancy, to prevent placental and neonatal adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homeira Vafaei
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Karimi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Akbarzadeh Jahromi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pathology Department, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Asadi
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kasraeian
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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22
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The impact of maternal and early life malnutrition on health: a diet-microbe perspective. BMC Med 2020; 18:135. [PMID: 32393275 PMCID: PMC7216331 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life malnutrition may have long-lasting effects on microbe-host interactions that affect health and disease susceptibility later in life. Diet quality and quantity in conjunction with toxin and pathogen exposure are key contributors to microbe-host physiology and malnutrition. Consequently, it is important to consider both diet- and microbe-induced pathologies as well as their interactions underlying malnutrition. MAIN BODY Gastrointestinal immunity and digestive function are vital to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the host and microbiota. Childhood malnutrition can be impacted by numerous factors including gestational malnutrition, early life antibiotic use, psychological stress, food allergy, hygiene, and exposure to other chemicals and pollutants. These factors can contribute to reoccurring environmental enteropathy, a condition characterized by the expansion of commensal pathobionts and environmental pathogens. Reoccurring intestinal dysfunction, particularly during the critical window of development, may be a consequence of diet-microbe interactions and may lead to life-long immune and metabolic programming and increased disease risk. We provide an overview of the some key factors implicated in the progression of malnutrition (protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin D, and vitamin B12) and discuss the microbiota during early life that may contribute health risk later in life. CONCLUSION Identifying key microbe-host interactions, particularly those associated with diet and malnutrition requires well-controlled dietary studies. Furthering our understanding of diet-microbe-host interactions will help to provide better strategies during gestation and early life to promote health later in life.
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23
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Iron deficiency during pregnancy and lactation modifies the fatty acid composition of the brain of neonatal rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:264-272. [PMID: 31543090 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is common in pregnant and lactating women and is associated with reduced cognitive development of the offspring. Since iron affects lipid metabolism, the availability of fatty acids, particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids required for early neural development, was investigated in the offspring of female rats fed iron-deficient diets during gestation and lactation. Subsequent to the dams giving birth, one group of iron-deficient dams was recuperated by feeding an iron-replete diet. Dams and neonates were killed on postnatal days 1, 3 and 10, and the fatty acid composition of brain and stomach contents was assessed by gas chromatography. Changes in the fatty acid profile on day 3 became more pronounced on day 10 with a decrease in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and a compensatory increase in monounsaturated fatty acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the n-6 family were reduced, but there was no change in the n-3 family. The fatty acid profiles of neonatal brain and stomach contents were similar, suggesting that the change in milk composition may be related to the changes in the neonatal brain. When the dams were fed an iron-sufficient diet at birth, the effects of iron deficiency on the fatty acid composition of lipids in both dam's milk and neonates' brains were reduced. This study showed an interaction between maternal iron status and fatty acid composition of the offspring's brain and suggests that these effects can be reduced by iron repletion of the dam's diet at birth.
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24
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Woodman AG, Noble RMN, Panahi S, Gragasin FS, Bourque SL. Perinatal iron deficiency combined with a high salt diet in adulthood causes sex-dependent vascular dysfunction in rats. J Physiol 2019; 597:4715-4728. [PMID: 31368136 DOI: 10.1113/jp278223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Perinatal iron deficiency causes changes in offspring mesenteric artery function in adulthood, particularly in males, which can be exacerbated by chronic intake of a high salt diet. Perinatal iron deficient male offspring exhibit enhanced conversion of big endothelin-1 to active endothelin-1, coinciding with decreased nitric oxide levels. Perinatal iron deficient male offspring have reduced nitric oxide-mediated endothelial-dependent vasodilatation coincident with increased vascular superoxide levels following consumption of a high salt diet. Perinatal iron deficiency has no apparent effects on vascular function in female offspring, even when fed a high salt diet. These results help us better understand underlying vascular mechanisms contributing to increased cardiovascular risk from perinatal stressors such as iron deficiency. ABSTRACT Pre- and immediate postnatal stressors, such as iron deficiency, can alter developmental trajectories and predispose offspring to long-term cardiovascular dysfunction. Here, we investigated the impact of perinatal iron deficiency on vascular function in the adult offspring, and whether these long-term effects were exacerbated by prolonged consumption of a high salt diet in adulthood. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed either an iron-restricted or -replete diet prior to and throughout pregnancy. Six weeks prior to experimentation at 6 months of age, adult offspring were fed either a normal or high salt diet. Mesenteric artery responses to vasodilators and vasoconstrictors were assessed ex vivo by wire myography. Male perinatal iron deficient offspring exhibited decreased reliance on nitric oxide with methacholine-induced vasodilatation (interaction P = 0.03), coincident with increased superoxide levels when fed the high salt diet (P = 0.01). Male perinatal iron deficient offspring exhibit enhanced big endothelin-1 conversion to active endothelin-1 (P = 0.02) concomitant with decreased nitric oxide levels (P = 0.005). Female offspring vascular function was unaffected by perinatal iron deficiency, albeit the high salt diet was associated with impaired vasodilation and decreased nitric oxide production (P = 0.02), particularly in the perinatal iron deficient offspring. These findings implicate vascular dysfunction in the sex-specific programming of cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring by perinatal iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Woodman
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ronan M N Noble
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ferrante S Gragasin
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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25
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Brennan LJ, Goulopoulou S, Bourque SL. Prenatal therapeutics and programming of cardiovascular function. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:261-272. [PMID: 30458216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite recognizing the importance of risk factors in dictating CVD susceptibility and onset, patient treatment remains a challenging endeavor. Increasingly, the benefits of prevention and mitigation of risk factors earlier in life are being acknowledged. The developmental origins of health and disease posits that insults during specific periods of development can influence long-term health outcomes; this occurs because the developing organism is highly plastic, and hence vulnerable to environmental perturbations. By extension, targeted therapeutics instituted during critical periods of development may confer long-term protection, and thus reduce the risk of CVD in later life. This review provides a brief overview of models of developmental programming, and then discusses the impact of perinatal therapeutic interventions on long-term cardiovascular function in the offspring. The discussion focuses on bioactive food components, as well as pharmacological agents currently approved for use in pregnancy; in short, those agents most likely to be used in pregnancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Brennan
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Pharmacology, and Pediatrics, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.
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26
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Worku Takele W, Tariku A, Wagnew Shiferaw F, Demsie A, Alemu WG, Zelalem Anlay D. Anemia among Women Attending Antenatal Care at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017. Anemia 2018; 2018:7618959. [PMID: 30402283 PMCID: PMC6198561 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7618959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Ethiopia, prenatal anemia is a major public health concern affecting both the health of the woman and babies. The World Health Organization recommends to conduct repeated prevalence studies concerning prenatal anemia . However, there is no recent evidence on the magnitude of the prenatal anemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of prenatal anemia among women attending the Antenatal Care Clinic at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 362 participants from June 03-July 08, 2017, at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. The systematic random sampling technique was employed. Structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening was conducted. Nutritional status of the participants was assessed. Blood sample was collected by capillary tube . Intestinal parasite was examined by stool wet mount test. HIV serostatus was detected. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentration below 11 g/dl. The multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors and to control the possible effects of confounders. RESULT The prevalence of anemia was 22.2% (95% CI: 18.11, 27.1%). The highest odds of anemia were observed among pregnant women with family size of >five [AOR = 3 (95% CI: 1.03, 8.65)], unprotected water source users, [AOR = 4.09 (95% CI: 1.75, 9.55)], HIV infected [AOR = 2.94(95% CI: 1.37, 6.35)], and multigravida women [AOR = 3.5 (95% CI: 1.35, 9.17)]. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending the University of Gondar Referral Hospital was a moderate public health problem. Unprotected water source, large family size, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, and repeated pregnancies were factors that predicted anemia. Thus, prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, family planning utilization, and accessing pure water are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubet Worku Takele
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Tariku
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Demsie
- Department of pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondale Getinet Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, school of medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences at the University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Degefaye Zelalem Anlay
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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27
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Ritchie HE, Oakes DJ, Kennedy D, Polson JW. Early Gestational Hypoxia and Adverse Developmental Outcomes. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:1358-1376. [PMID: 29105381 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a normal and essential part of embryonic development. However, this state may leave the embryo vulnerable to damage when oxygen supply is disturbed. Embryofetal response to hypoxia is dependent on duration and depth of hypoxia, as well as developmental stage. Early postimplantation rat embryos were resilient to hypoxia, with many surviving up to 1.5 hr of uterine clamping, while most mid-gestation embryos were dead after 1 hour of clamping. Survivors were small and many had a range of defects, principally terminal transverse limb reduction defects. Similar patterns of malformations occurred when embryonic hypoxia was induced by maternal hypoxia, interruption of uteroplacental flow, or perfusion and embryonic bradycardia. There is good evidence that high altitude pregnancies are associated with smaller babies and increased risk of some malformations, but these results are complicated by increased risk of pre-eclampsia. Early onset pre-eclampsia itself is associated with small for dates and increased risk of atrio-ventricular septal defects. Limb defects have clearly been associated with chorionic villus sampling, cocaine, and misoprostol use. Similar defects are also observed with increased frequency among fetuses who are homozygous for thalassemia. Drugs that block the potassium current, whether as the prime site of action or as a side effect, are highly teratogenic in experimental animals. They induce embryonic bradycardia, hypoxia, hemorrhage, and blisters, leading to transverse limb defects as well as craniofacial and cardiovascular defects. While evidence linking these drugs to birth defects in humans is not compelling, the reason may methodological rather than biological. Birth Defects Research 109:1358-1376, 2017.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Ritchie
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Diana J Oakes
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Jaimie W Polson
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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28
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Baker BC, Hayes DJ, Jones RL. Effects of micronutrients on placental function: evidence from clinical studies to animal models. Reproduction 2018; 156:R69-R82. [PMID: 29844225 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnant women due to low dietary intake and increased requirements for fetal development. Low maternal micronutrient status is associated with a range of pregnancy pathologies involving placental dysfunction, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), small-for-gestational age (SGA), pre-eclampsia and preterm birth. However, clinical trials commonly fail to convincingly demonstrate beneficial effects of supplementation of individual micronutrients, attributed to heterogeneity and insufficient power, potential interactions and lack of mechanistic knowledge of effects on the placenta. We aimed to provide current evidence of relationships between selected micronutrients (vitamin D, vitamin A, iron, folate, vitamin B12) and adverse pregnancy outcomes, combined with understanding of actions on the placenta. Following a systematic literature search, we reviewed data from clinical, in vitro and in vivo studies of micronutrient deficiency and supplementation. Key findings are potential effects of micronutrient deficiencies on placental development and function, leading to impaired fetal growth. Studies in human trophoblast cells and rodent models provide insights into underpinning mechanisms. Interestingly, there is emerging evidence that deficiencies in all micronutrients examined induce a pro-inflammatory state in the placenta, drawing parallels with the inflammation detected in FGR, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth and preterm birth. Beneficial effects of supplementation are apparent in vitro and in animal models and for combined micronutrients in clinical studies. However, greater understanding of the roles of these micronutrients, and insight into their involvement in placental dysfunction, combined with more robust clinical studies, is needed to fully ascertain the potential benefits of supplementation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C Baker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dexter Jl Hayes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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29
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Woodman AG, Mah R, Keddie D, Noble RMN, Panahi S, Gragasin FS, Lemieux H, Bourque SL. Prenatal iron deficiency causes sex-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in fetal rat kidneys and liver. FASEB J 2018; 32:3254-3263. [PMID: 29401611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal iron deficiency alters fetal developmental trajectories, which results in persistent changes in organ function. Here, we studied the effects of prenatal iron deficiency on fetal kidney and liver mitochondrial function. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed partially or fully iron-restricted diets to induce a state of moderate or severe iron deficiency alongside iron-replete control rats. We assessed mitochondrial function via high-resolution respirometry and reactive oxygen species generation via fluorescence microscopy on gestational d 21. Hemoglobin levels were reduced in dams in the moderate (-31%) and severe groups (-54%) compared with controls, which was accompanied by 55% reductions in fetal hemoglobin levels in both moderate and severe groups versus controls. Male iron-deficient kidneys exhibited globally reduced mitochondrial content and respiration, as well as increased cytosolic superoxide and decreased NO. Female iron-deficient kidneys exhibited complex II down-regulation and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. Male iron-deficient livers exhibited reduced complex IV respiration and increased cytosolic superoxide, whereas female liver tissues exhibited no alteration in oxidant levels or mitochondrial function. These findings indicate that prenatal iron deficiency causes changes in mitochondrial content and function as well as oxidant status in a sex- and organ-dependent manner, which may be an important mechanism that underlies the programming of cardiovascular disease.-Woodman, A. G., Mah, R., Keddie, D., Noble, R. M. N., Panahi, S., Gragasin, F. S., Lemieux, H., Bourque, S. L. Prenatal iron deficiency causes sex-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in fetal rat kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Woodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Mah
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danae Keddie
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ronan M N Noble
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sareh Panahi
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ferrante S Gragasin
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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