1
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Miller AP, Gizer IR. Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of impulsive personality traits: neurogenetic evidence of distinct but related factors. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1533-1543. [PMID: 38016992 PMCID: PMC11132950 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-systems models, positing an interaction between two distinct and competing systems (i.e. top-down self-control, and bottom-up reward- or emotion-based drive), provide a parsimonious framework for investigating the interplay between cortical and subcortical brain regions relevant to impulsive personality traits (IPTs) and their associations with psychopathology. Despite recent developments in multivariate analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), molecular genetic investigations of these models have not been conducted. METHODS Using IPT GWAS, we conducted confirmatory genomic structural equation models (GenomicSEM) to empirically evaluate dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs. Genetic correlations between dual-systems factors and relevant cortical and subcortical neuroimaging phenotypes (regional/structural volume, cortical surface area, cortical thickness) were estimated and compared. RESULTS GenomicSEM dual-systems models underscored important sources of shared and unique genetic variance between top-down and bottom-up constructs. Specifically, a dual-systems genomic model consisting of sensation seeking and lack of self-control factors demonstrated distinct but related sources of genetic influences (rg = 0.60). Genetic correlation analyses provided evidence of differential associations between dual-systems factors and cortical neuroimaging phenotypes (e.g. lack of self-control negatively associated with cortical thickness, sensation seeking positively associated with cortical surface area). No significant associations were observed with subcortical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Dual-systems models of the genetic architecture of IPTs tested were consistent with study hypotheses, but associations with relevant neuroimaging phenotypes were mixed (e.g. no associations with subcortical volumes). Findings demonstrate the utility of dual-systems models for studying IPT genetic influences, but also highlight potential limitations as a framework for interpreting IPTs as endophenotypes for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ian R. Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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2
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Lavonius V, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Hamal Mishra B, Sormunen E, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J, Cloninger CR, Lehtimäki T, Saarinen A. Polygenic risk for depression predicting temperament trajectories over 15 years - A general population study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:388-395. [PMID: 38218259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of case-control and population-based studies have shown that depression patients differ from healthy controls in their temperament traits. We investigated whether polygenic risk for depression predicts trajectories of temperament traits from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 2212). The calculation for Polygenic risk for depression (PRS) was based on the most recent genome-wide association study. Temperament traits of Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory in 1997, 2001, 2007, and 2012 (participants being 24-50-year-olds). As covariates, we used depressive symptoms as assessed by a modified version of the Beck Depression Inventory, psychosocial family environment from parent-filled questionnaires, and socioeconomic factors from adulthood. RESULTS High PRS predicted higher Persistence from early adulthood to middle age (p = 0.003) when controlling for depressive symptoms, psychosocial family environment, and socioeconomic factors. PRS did not predict trajectories of Novelty Seeking (p = 0.063-0.416 in different models) or Reward Dependence (p = 0.531-0.736). The results remained unaffected when participants with diagnosed affective disorders were excluded. Additionally, we found an interaction between PRS and depressive symptoms when predicting the Harm Avoidance subscale Anticipatory Worry, indicating that the association of Anticipatory Worry with depressive symptoms is stronger in individuals with higher (vs. lower) PRS. LIMITATIONS There was some attrition due to the long follow-up. CONCLUSIONS High polygenic risk for major depression may predict differences in temperament trajectories among those who have not developed any severe affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veikka Lavonius
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Binisha Hamal Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, United States
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Ovchinnikov AV, Vazagaeva TI, Akhapkin RV, Volel BA. Predictive capabilities of the Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in evaluating the effectiveness of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Systematic review and meta-analysis. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2023. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-1-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Ovchinnikov
- National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology named after V.P. Serbsky, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. I. Vazagaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology named after V.P. Serbsky, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - R. V. Akhapkin
- National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology named after V.P. Serbsky, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - B. A. Volel
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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4
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Chung ML, Seib-Pfeifer LE, Elling C, Geiser F, Forstner AJ, Schumacher J, Conrad R. Personality subtypes in adults with social anxiety disorder - novelty seeking makes the difference. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:832. [PMID: 36575407 PMCID: PMC9793521 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now several subtypes of social anxiety disorder (SAD) have been proposed. METHODS In the present study, we used a cluster analytic approach to identify qualitatively different subgroups of SAD based on temperament characteristics, that is, harm avoidance (HA) and novelty seeking (NS) dimensions of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS Based on a large, diverse clinical sample (n = 575), we found evidence for two distinct subgroups of SAD: a larger (59%) prototypic, inhibited cluster characterized by high HA and low NS, and a smaller atypic, and comparatively more impulsive cluster characterized by medium to high HA and increased NS. The subgroups differed regarding a variety of sociodemographic and clinical variables. While the prototypic SAD subtype suffered from more severe SAD and depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and reduced social functioning, the atypic NS subtype showcased higher reproductive behaviour, self-directedness and -transcendence, comparatively. Additional hierarchical logistic regression highlights the contribution of age and education. CONCLUSIONS Our results valuably extend previous evidence for the existence of at least two distinct subtypes of SAD. A better knowledge of the characteristic differences in prototypic behaviour, personality, coping strategies and comorbidities between the identified (and further) subtypes can contribute to the development of effective prevention interventions and promotes the conceptualization of tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Long Chung
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Laura-Effi Seib-Pfeifer
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Elling
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Geiser
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.8385.60000 0001 2297 375XInstitute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Conrad
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Bondy E, Bogdan R. Understanding Anhedonia from a Genomic Perspective. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 58:61-79. [PMID: 35152374 PMCID: PMC9375777 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, or the decreased ability to experience pleasure, is a cardinal symptom of major depression that commonly occurs within other forms of psychopathology. Supportive of long-held theory that anhedonia represents a genetically influenced vulnerability marker for depression, evidence from twin studies suggests that it is moderately-largely heritable. However, the genomic sources of this heritability are just beginning to be understood. In this review, we survey what is known about the genomic architecture underlying anhedonia and related constructs. We briefly review twin and initial candidate gene studies before focusing on genome-wide association study (GWAS) and polygenic efforts. As large samples are needed to reliably detect the small effects that typically characterize common genetic variants, the study of anhedonia and related phenotypes conflicts with current genomic research requirements and frameworks that prioritize sample size over precise phenotyping. This has resulted in few and underpowered studies of anhedonia-related constructs that have largely failed to reliably identify individual variants. Nonetheless, the polygenic architecture of anhedonia-related constructs identified in these studies has genetic overlap with depression and schizophrenia as well as related brain structure (e.g., striatal volume), providing important clues to etiology that may usefully guide refinement in nosology. As we await the accumulation of larger samples for more well-powered GWAS of reward-related constructs, novel analytic techniques that leverage GWAS summary statistics (e.g., genomic structural equation modeling) may currently be used to help characterize how the genomic architecture of anhedonia is shared and distinct from that underlying other constructs (e.g., depression, neuroticism, anxiety).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Bondy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Gao C, Sha Q, Zhang S, Zhang K. MF-TOWmuT: Testing an optimally weighted combination of common and rare variants with multiple traits using family data. Genet Epidemiol 2020; 45:64-81. [PMID: 33047835 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With rapid advancements of sequencing technologies and accumulations of electronic health records, a large number of genetic variants and multiple correlated human complex traits have become available in many genetic association studies. Thus, it becomes necessary and important to develop new methods that can jointly analyze the association between multiple genetic variants and multiple traits. Compared with methods that only use a single marker or trait, the joint analysis of multiple genetic variants and multiple traits is more powerful since such an analysis can fully incorporate the correlation structure of genetic variants and/or traits and their mutual dependence patterns. However, most of existing methods that simultaneously analyze multiple genetic variants and multiple traits are only applicable to unrelated samples. We develop a new method called MF-TOWmuT to detect association of multiple phenotypes and multiple genetic variants in a genomic region with family samples. MF-TOWmuT is based on an optimally weighted combination of variants. Our method can be applied to both rare and common variants and both qualitative and quantitative traits. Our simulation results show that (1) the type I error of MF-TOWmuT is preserved; (2) MF-TOWmuT outperforms two existing methods such as Multiple Family-based Quasi-Likelihood Score Test and Multivariate Family-based Rare Variant Association Test in terms of power. We also illustrate the usefulness of MF-TOWmuT by analyzing genotypic and phenotipic data from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes study. R program is available at https://github.com/gaochengPRC/MF-TOWmuT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Qiuying Sha
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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7
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Bey K, Weinhold L, Grützmann R, Heinzel S, Kaufmann C, Klawohn J, Riesel A, Lennertz L, Schmid M, Ramirez A, Kathmann N, Wagner M. The polygenic risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with the personality trait harm avoidance. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 142:326-336. [PMID: 32786038 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex psychiatric disorder with a substantial genetic contribution. While the specific variants underlying OCD's heritability are still unknown, findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) corroborate the importance of common SNPs explaining the phenotypic variance in OCD. Investigating associations between the genetic liability for OCD, as reflected by a polygenic risk score (PRS), and potential endophenotypes of the disorder, such as the personality trait harm avoidance, may aid the understanding of functional pathways from genes to diagnostic phenotypes. METHODS We derived PRS for OCD at several P-value thresholds based on the latest Psychiatric Genomics Consortium OCD GWAS (2688 cases, 7037 controls) in an independent sample of OCD patients (n = 180), their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 108) and healthy controls (n = 200). Using linear regression, we tested whether these PRS are associated with the personality trait harm avoidance. RESULTS Results showed that OCD PRS significantly predicted OCD status, with patients having the highest scores and relatives having intermediate scores. Furthermore, the genetic risk for OCD was associated with harm avoidance across the entire sample, and among OCD patients. As indicated by mediation analyses, harm avoidance mediated the association between the OCD PRS and OCD caseness. These results were observed at multiple P-value thresholds and persisted after the exclusion of patients with a current comorbid major depressive or anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION Our findings support the polygenic nature of OCD and further validate harm avoidance as a candidate endophenotype and diathesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - L Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Grützmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Heinzel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kaufmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Klawohn
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Riesel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Lennertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Jamshidi J, Williams LM, Schofield PR, Park HRP, Montalto A, Chilver MR, Bryant RA, Toma C, Fullerton JM, Gatt JM. Diverse phenotypic measurements of wellbeing: Heritability, temporal stability and the variance explained by polygenic scores. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12694. [PMID: 32785990 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wellbeing, a key aspect of mental health, is moderately heritable with varying estimates reported from independent studies employing a variety of instruments. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled the construction of polygenic scores (PGS) for wellbeing, providing the opportunity for direct comparisons of the variance explained by PGS for different instruments commonly employed in the field. Nine wellbeing measurements (multi-item and single-item), two personality domains (NEO-FFI neuroticism and extraversion), plus the depression domain of the DASS-42 were drawn from a larger self-report battery applied to the TWIN-E study-an Australian longitudinal twin cohort (N = 1660). Heritability was estimated using univariate twin modeling and 12-month test-retest reliability was estimated using intra-class correlation. PGS were constructed using wellbeing GWAS summary-statistics from Baselmans et al. (Nat Genet. 2019), and the variance explained estimated using linear models. Last, a GWAS was performed using COMPAS-W, a quantitative composite wellbeing measure, to explore its utility in genomic studies. Heritability estimates ranged from 23% to 47% across instruments, and multi-item measures showed higher heritability and test-retest reliability than single-item measures. The variance explained by PGS was ~0.5% to 1.5%, with considerable variation between measures, and within each measure over 12 months. Five loci with suggestive association (p < 1 × 10-5 ) were identified from this initial COMPAS-W wellbeing GWAS. This work highlights the variability across measures currently employed in wellbeing research, with multi-item and composite measures favored over single-item measures. While wellbeing PGS are useful in a research setting, they explain little of the phenotypic variance, highlighting gaps for improved gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Jamshidi
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haeme R P Park
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arthur Montalto
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miranda R Chilver
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudio Toma
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine M Gatt
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Campos AI, García-Marín LM, Byrne EM, Martin NG, Cuéllar-Partida G, Rentería ME. Insights into the aetiology of snoring from observational and genetic investigations in the UK Biobank. Nat Commun 2020; 11:817. [PMID: 32060260 PMCID: PMC7021827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although snoring is common in the general population, its aetiology has been largely understudied. Here we report a genetic study on snoring (n ~ 408,000; snorers ~ 152,000) using data from the UK Biobank. We identify 42 genome-wide significant loci, with an SNP-based heritability estimate of ~10% on the liability scale. Genetic correlations with body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa and neuroticism are observed. Gene-based associations identify 173 genes, including DLEU7, MSRB3 and POC5, highlighting genes expressed in the brain, cerebellum, lungs, blood and oesophagus. We use polygenic scores (PGS) to predict recent snoring and probable obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in an independent Australian sample (n ~ 8000). Mendelian randomization analyses suggest a potential causal relationship between high BMI and snoring. Altogether, our results uncover insights into the aetiology of snoring as a complex sleep-related trait and its role in health and disease beyond it being a cardinal symptom of OSA. Snoring is common in the population and tends to be more prevalent in older and/or male individuals. Here, the authors perform GWAS for habitual snoring, identify 41 genomic loci and explore potential causal relationships with anthropometric and cardiometabolic disease traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián I Campos
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cuéllar-Partida
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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10
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Abstract
Human personality is 30-60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic-phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.
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11
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Zwir I, Arnedo J, Del-Val C, Pulkki-Råback L, Konte B, Yang SS, Romero-Zaliz R, Hintsanen M, Cloninger KM, Garcia D, Svrakic DM, Rozsa S, Martinez M, Lyytikäinen LP, Giegling I, Kähönen M, Hernandez-Cuervo H, Seppälä I, Raitoharju E, de Erausquin GA, Raitakari O, Rujescu D, Postolache TT, Sung J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Lehtimäki T, Cloninger CR. Uncovering the complex genetics of human temperament. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2275-2294. [PMID: 30279457 PMCID: PMC7515831 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies of learning suggest that human temperament may depend on the molecular mechanisms for associative conditioning, which are highly conserved in animals. The main genetic pathways for associative conditioning are known in experimental animals, but have not been identified in prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human temperament. We used a data-driven machine learning method for GWAS to uncover the complex genotypic-phenotypic networks and environmental interactions related to human temperament. In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified 3 clusters of people with distinct temperament profiles measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory regardless of genotype. Third, we found 51 SNP sets that identified 736 gene loci and were significantly associated with temperament. The identified genes were enriched in pathways activated by associative conditioning in animals, including the ERK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. 74% of the identified genes were unique to a specific temperament profile. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of the 51 Finnish SNP sets in healthy Korean (90%) and German samples (89%), as well as their associations with temperament. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected in each sample (37-53%) despite variable cultures and environments. We conclude that human temperament is strongly influenced by more than 700 genes that modulate associative conditioning by molecular processes for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zwir
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Arnedo
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Coral Del-Val
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina Konte
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah S. Yang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rocio Romero-Zaliz
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Danilo Garcia
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.435885.70000 0001 0597 1381Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Dragan M. Svrakic
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Sandor Rozsa
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Maribel Martinez
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ina Giegling
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XUniversity Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helena Hernandez-Cuervo
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel A. de Erausquin
- grid.449717.80000 0004 5374 269XDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Texas Rio-Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX USA
| | - Olli Raitakari
- grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center for Veteran Suicide Prevention, Denver, CO USA
| | - Joohon Sung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Fimlab Laboratories, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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12
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Sallis H, Davey Smith G, Munafò MR. Genetics of biologically based psychological differences. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0162. [PMID: 29483347 PMCID: PMC5832687 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, substantial effort has gone into disentangling the genetic contribution to individual differences in behaviour (such as personality and temperament traits). Heritability estimates from twin and family studies, and more recently using whole genome approaches, suggest a substantial genetic component to these traits. However, efforts to identify the genes that influence these traits have had relatively little success. Here, we review current work investigating the heritability of individual differences in behavioural traits and provide an overview of the results from genome-wide association analyses of these traits to date. In addition, we discuss the implications of these findings for the potential applications of Mendelian randomization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK .,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Cloninger CR, Zwir I. What is the natural measurement unit of temperament: single traits or profiles? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0163. [PMID: 29483348 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is fundamental doubt about whether the natural unit of measurement for temperament and personality corresponds to single traits or to multi-trait profiles that describe the functioning of a whole person. Biogenetic researchers of temperament usually assume they need to focus on individual traits that differ between individuals. Recent research indicates that a shift of emphasis to understand processes within the individual is crucial for identifying the natural building blocks of temperament. Evolution and development operate on adaptation of whole organisms or persons, not on individual traits or categories. Adaptive functioning generally depends on feedback among many variable processes in ways that are characteristic of complex adaptive systems, not machines with separate parts. Advanced methods of unsupervised machine learning can now be applied to genome-wide association studies and brain imaging in order to uncover the genotypic-phenotypic architecture of traits like temperament, which are strongly influenced by complex interactions, such as genetic epistasis, pleiotropy and gene-environment interactions. We have found that the heritability of temperament can be nearly fully explained by a large number of genetic variants that are unique for multi-trait profiles, not single traits. The implications of this finding for research design and precision medicine are discussed.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, 660 S. Euclid, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Igor Zwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, 660 S. Euclid, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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14
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Fountoulakis KN, Gonda X. Modeling human temperament and character on the basis of combined theoretical approaches. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:21. [PMID: 31548845 PMCID: PMC6749666 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several models on the structure of human temperament, character and personality, the majority follow a single approach, providing a unilateral and overly theoretical construct which is unsuitable for clinical application. The current study aimed to develop a complex and comprehensive model of temperament and character by empirically combining relevant existing theories. METHODS The study included 734 healthy general population subjects aged 40.80 ± 11.48 years, who completed the TEMPS-A, TCI and NEO-PI-3 questionnaires. Data were analyzed in a multistep approach using Exploratory Factor analysis and forward stepwise linear regression. RESULTS The results yielded two highest order factors (Self and Self-Environment Interaction), six middle order factors (Emotional Self, Cognitive Self, Social Emotionality, Emotional and Cognitive Control, Ethical Emotionality and Behavior, Social Emotionality and Behavior) and 12 factors at the bottom (Ego Resiliency, Ego Strength, Intrapersonal Emotion, Personal Space Cognition, Interpersonal Cognition, Emotional Creativity, Externalized Interpersonal Emotion, Internalized Interpersonal Emotion, Emotional Motivation, Self-Discipline, Ethical Values and Ethical Behavior). CONCLUSIONS The current study developed a complex hierarchical model of temperament and character on the basis of empirical data from several temperament theories. An important feature of the new temperamental model is the frequent admixture of emotional and cognitive processes within the same module. This model expands the field to include elements probably corresponding to meta-cognition mechanisms and complex interactions between affective and cognitive control, which may provide useful in understanding and treating affective disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 13rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, General Hospital AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 1 Kyriakidi Street, 24636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xenia Gonda
- 2Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, Budapest, 1125 Hungary.,3MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,4NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Temperament clusters associate with anxiety disorder comorbidity in depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:252-258. [PMID: 29751240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual temperament is associated with psychiatric morbidity and could explain differences in psychiatric comorbidities. We investigated the association of temperament profile clusters with anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with depression. METHODS We assessed the temperament of 204 specialized care-treated depressed patients with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) and their diagnoses with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Two-step cluster analysis was used for defining patients' temperament profiles and logistic regression analysis was used for predicting different anxiety disorders for various temperament profiles. RESULTS Four temperament clusters were found: 1) Novelty seekers with highest Novelty Seeking scores (n = 56),2) Persistent with highest Persistence scores (n = 36), 3) Reserved with lowest Novelty Seeking scores (n = 66) and 4) Wearied with highest Harm avoidance, lowest Reward Dependence and lowest Persistence scores (n = 58). After adjusting for clinical variables, panic disorder and/or agoraphobia were predicted by Novelty seekers' temperament profile with odds ratio [OR] = 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 - 6.9, p < 0.001), social anxiety disorder was predicted by Wearied temperament profile with OR = 3.4 (95% CI = 1.6 - 7.5, p = 0.002), and generalized anxiety disorder was predicted by Reserved temperament profile with OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 1.2 - 5.3, p = 0.01). LIMITATIONS The patients' temperament profiles were assessed while displaying depressive symptoms, which may have affected results. CONCLUSIONS Temperament clusters with unique dimensional profiles were specifically associated with different anxiety disorders in this study. These results suggest that TCI-R could offer a valuable dimensional method for predicting the risk of anxiety disorders in diverse depressed patients.
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16
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Porcelli S, Marsano A, Caletti E, Sala M, Abbiati V, Bellani M, Perlini C, Rossetti MG, Mandolini GM, Pigoni A, Paoli RA, Piccin S, Lazzaretti M, Fabbro D, Damante G, Bonivento C, Ferrari C, Rossi R, Pedrini L, Serretti A, Brambilla P. Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants. Neuropsychobiology 2018; 76:209-221. [PMID: 30041166 DOI: 10.1159/000490955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with temperamental and personality traits, although the relationship is still to be fully elucidated. Several studies investigated the genetic basis of temperament and character, identifying catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants as strong candidates. METHODS In the GECO-BIP study, 125 BD patients and 173 HC were recruited. Subjects underwent to a detailed assessment and the temperament and character inventory 125 items (TCI) was administrated. Three functional genetic variants within key candidate genes (COMT rs4680, BDNF rs6265, and the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR)) were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared to HC, BD patients showed higher scores in novelty seeking (NS; p = 0.001), harm avoidance (HA; p < 0.001), and self transcendence (St; p < 0.001), and lower scores in self directness (p < 0.001) and cooperativeness (p < 0.001) TCI dimensions. Concerning the genetic analyses, COMT rs4680 was associated with NS in the total sample (p = 0.007) and in the male subsample (p = 0.022). When performing the analysis in the HC and BD samples, the association was confirmed only in HC (p = 0.012), and in the HC male subgroup in particular (p = 0.004). BDNF rs6265 was associated with St in the BD group (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION COMT rs4680 may modulate NS in males in the general population. This effect was not detected in BD patients, probably because BD alters the neurobiological basis of some TCI dimensions. BDNF rs6265 seems to modulate St TCI dimension only in BD patients, possibly modulating the previously reported association between rs6265 and BD treatment response. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porcelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Marsano
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sala
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Vera Abbiati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,UOC Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOUI), Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Rossetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Mandolini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Augusto Paoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Piccin
- Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea," Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Matteo Lazzaretti
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dora Fabbro
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carolina Bonivento
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Pedrini
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Vagaitseva KV, Bocharova AV, Marusin AV, Kolesnikova EA, Makeeva OA, Stepanov VA. Development of Multiplex Genotyping Method of Polymorphic Markers of Genes Associated with Cognitive Abilities. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Sanchez-Roige S, Gray JC, MacKillop JK, Chen CH, Palmer AA. The genetics of human personality. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12439. [PMID: 29152902 PMCID: PMC7012279 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits are the relatively enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that reflect the tendency to respond in certain ways under certain circumstances. Twin and family studies have showed that personality traits are moderately heritable, and can predict various lifetime outcomes, including psychopathology. The Research Domain Criteria characterizes psychiatric diseases as extremes of normal tendencies, including specific personality traits. This implies that heritable variation in personality traits, such as neuroticism, would share a common genetic basis with psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder. Despite considerable efforts over the past several decades, the genetic variants that influence personality are only beginning to be identified. We review these recent and increasingly rapid developments, which focus on the assessment of personality via several commonly used personality questionnaires in healthy human subjects. Study designs covered include twin, linkage, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies and polygenic analyses. Findings from genetic studies of personality have furthered our understanding about the genetic etiology of personality, which, like neuropsychiatric diseases themselves, is highly polygenic. Polygenic analyses have showed genetic correlations between personality and psychopathology, confirming that genetic studies of personality can help to elucidate the etiology of several neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua C Gray
- Center for Deployment Psychology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814
| | - James K MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Lo MT, Wang Y, Kauppi K, Sanyal N, Fan CC, Smeland OB, Schork A, Holland D, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Chen CH. Modeling prior information of common genetic variants improves gene discovery for neuroticism. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4530-4539. [PMID: 28973307 PMCID: PMC5886256 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism reflects emotional instability, and is related to various mental and physical health issues. However, the majority of genetic variants associated with neuroticism remain unclear. Inconsistent genetic variants identified by different genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be attributable to low statistical power. We proposed a novel framework to improve the power for gene discovery by incorporating prior information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and combining two relevant existing tools, relative enrichment score (RES) and conditional false discovery rate (FDR). Here, SNP's conditional FDR was estimated given its RES based on SNP prior information including linkage disequilibrium (LD)-weighted genic annotation scores, total LD scores and heterozygosity. A known significant locus in chromosome 8p was excluded before estimating FDR due to long-range LD structure. Only one significant LD-independent SNP was detected by analyses of unconditional FDR and traditional GWAS in the discovery sample (N = 59 225), and notably four additional SNPs by conditional FDR. Three of the five SNPs, all identified by conditional FDR, were replicated (P < 0.05) in an independent sample (N = 170 911). These three SNPs are located in intronic regions of CADM2, LINGO2 and EP300 which have been reported to be associated with autism, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, respectively. Our approach using a combination of RES and conditional FDR improved power of traditional GWAS for gene discovery providing a useful framework for the analysis of GWAS summary statistics by utilizing SNP prior information, and helping to elucidate the links between neuroticism and complex diseases from a genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umea University, Umea 90187, Sweden
| | - Nilotpal Sanyal
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Fan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Andrew Schork
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Medical Health Center, Sct. Hans, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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20
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Genetic variation associated with the occurrence and progression of neurological disorders. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:243-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Meta-analysis of genome-wide SNP- and pathway-based associations for facets of neuroticism. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:903-909. [PMID: 28615674 PMCID: PMC5622119 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a heritable personality trait that is comprised of distinct sub-factors, or facets. Sub-factors of neuroticism are linked to different emotional states or psychiatric symptoms and studying the genetic variants associated with these facets may help reveal the biological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. In the present study, a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for six facets of neuroticism was performed in 5584 participants from three cohorts. Additionally, a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was conducted to find biological pathways associated with each facet. Six neuroticism facets (N1: anxiety, N2: angry hostility, N3: depression, N4: self-consciousness, N5: impulsivity and N6: vulnerability) were assessed using the Korean version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. In the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis, results showed genome-wide significance for N2 within the MIR548H3 gene (rs1360001, P=4.14 × 10-9). Notable genes with suggestive associations (P<1.0 × 10-6) were ITPR1 for N1, WNT7A for N2, FGF10 and FHIT for N3, DDR1 for N4, VGLL4 for N5 and PTPRD for N6. In the pathway-based analysis, the axon guidance pathway was identified to be associated with multiple facets of neuroticism (N2, N4 and N6). The focal adhesion and extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathways were significantly associated with N2 and N3. Our findings revealed genetic influences and biological pathways that are associated with facets of neuroticism.
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22
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Further evidence for genetic variation at the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 contributing toward anxiety. Psychiatr Genet 2017; 27:96-102. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Smeland OB, Wang Y, Lo MT, Li W, Frei O, Witoelar A, Tesli M, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Djurovic S, Chen CH, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Identification of genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2222. [PMID: 28533504 PMCID: PMC5440373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with differences in personality traits, and recent studies suggest that personality traits and schizophrenia share a genetic basis. Here we aimed to identify specific genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits using a Bayesian statistical framework. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on personality traits in the 23andMe cohort (n = 59,225) and schizophrenia in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohort (n = 82,315), we evaluated overlap in common genetic variants. The Big Five personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were measured using a web implementation of the Big Five Inventory. Applying the conditional false discovery rate approach, we increased discovery of genetic loci and identified two loci shared between neuroticism and schizophrenia and six loci shared between openness and schizophrenia. The study provides new insights into the relationship between personality traits and schizophrenia by highlighting genetic loci involved in their common genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Wen Li
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
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Realo A, van der Most PJ, Allik J, Esko T, Jeronimus BF, Kööts-Ausmees L, Mõttus R, Tropf FC, Snieder H, Ormel J. SNP-Based Heritability Estimates of Common and Specific Variance in Self- and Informant-Reported Neuroticism Scales. J Pers 2017; 85:906-919. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Realo
- University of Warwick
- University of Tartu
| | | | - Jüri Allik
- University of Tartu
- The Estonian Academy of Sciences
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre of University of Tartu
| | - Bertus F. Jeronimus
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- University of Groningen
| | | | | | - Felix C. Tropf
- University of Groningen
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
- Estonian Genome Centre of University of Tartu
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen
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25
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Staiger EA, Albright JD, Brooks SA. Genome‐wide association mapping of heritable temperament variation in the
T
ennessee
W
alking
H
orse. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:514-26. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Staiger
- Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca NY
| | - J. D. Albright
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville TN
| | - S. A. Brooks
- Department of Animal Science University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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26
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Individual Differences in Personality Masculinity-Femininity: Examining the Effects of Genes, Environment, and Prenatal Hormone Transfer. Twin Res Hum Genet 2016; 19:87-96. [PMID: 26948461 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Males and females score differently on some personality traits, but the underlying etiology of these differences is not well understood. This study examined genetic, environmental, and prenatal hormonal influences on individual differences in personality masculinity-femininity (M-F). We used Big-Five personality inventory data of 9,520 Swedish twins (aged 27 to 54) to create a bipolar M-F personality scale. Using biometrical twin modeling, we estimated the influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual differences in a M-F personality score. Furthermore, we tested whether prenatal hormone transfer may influence individuals' M-F scores by comparing the scores of twins with a same-sex versus those with an opposite-sex co-twin. On average, males scored 1.09 standard deviations higher than females on the created M-F scale. Around a third of the variation in M-F personality score was attributable to genetic factors, while family environmental factors had no influence. Males and females from opposite-sex pairs scored significantly more masculine (both approximately 0.1 SD) than those from same-sex pairs. In conclusion, genetic influences explain part of the individual differences in personality M-F, and hormone transfer from the male to the female twin during pregnancy may increase the level of masculinization in females. Additional well-powered studies are needed to clarify this association and determine the underlying mechanisms in both sexes.
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27
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van den Berg SM, de Moor MHM, Verweij KJH, Krueger RF, Luciano M, Arias Vasquez A, Matteson LK, Derringer J, Esko T, Amin N, Gordon SD, Hansell NK, Hart AB, Seppälä I, Huffman JE, Konte B, Lahti J, Lee M, Miller M, Nutile T, Tanaka T, Teumer A, Viktorin A, Wedenoja J, Abdellaoui A, Abecasis GR, Adkins DE, Agrawal A, Allik J, Appel K, Bigdeli TB, Busonero F, Campbell H, Costa PT, Smith GD, Davies G, de Wit H, Ding J, Engelhardt BE, Eriksson JG, Fedko IO, Ferrucci L, Franke B, Giegling I, Grucza R, Hartmann AM, Heath AC, Heinonen K, Henders AK, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Iacono WG, Janzing J, Jokela M, Karlsson R, Kemp JP, Kirkpatrick MG, Latvala A, Lehtimäki T, Liewald DC, Madden PAF, Magri C, Magnusson PKE, Marten J, Maschio A, Mbarek H, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Milaneschi Y, Montgomery GW, Nauck M, Nivard MG, Ouwens KG, Palotie A, Pettersson E, Polasek O, Qian Y, Pulkki-Råback L, Raitakari OT, Realo A, Rose RJ, Ruggiero D, Schmidt CO, Slutske WS, Sorice R, Starr JM, St Pourcain B, Sutin AR, Timpson NJ, Trochet H, Vermeulen S, Vuoksimaa E, Widen E, Wouda J, Wright MJ, Zgaga L, Porteous D, Minelli A, Palmer AA, Rujescu D, Ciullo M, Hayward C, Rudan I, Metspalu A, Kaprio J, Deary IJ, Räikkönen K, Wilson JF, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Bierut LJ, Hettema JM, Grabe HJ, Penninx BWJH, van Duijn CM, Evans DM, Schlessinger D, Pedersen NL, Terracciano A, McGue M, Martin NG, Boomsma DI. Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium. Behav Genet 2016; 46:170-82. [PMID: 26362575 PMCID: PMC4751159 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality inventories were harmonized across inventories and cohorts. No genome-wide significant associations were found at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level but there was one significant hit at the gene level for a long non-coding RNA site (LOC101928162). Genome-wide complex trait analysis in two large cohorts showed that the additive variance explained by common SNPs was not significantly different from zero, but polygenic risk scores, weighted using linkage information, significantly predicted extraversion scores in an independent cohort. These results show that extraversion is a highly polygenic personality trait, with an architecture possibly different from other complex human traits, including other personality traits. Future studies are required to further determine which genetic variants, by what modes of gene action, constitute the heritable nature of extraversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M van den Berg
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis (OMD), Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marleen H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Methods, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaime Derringer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Amy B Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mike Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jüri Allik
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katja Appel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timothy B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fabio Busonero
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Harry Campbell
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul T Costa
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara E Engelhardt
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Richard Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Joost Janzing
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John P Kemp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - David C Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Maschio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaasjan G Ouwens
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Yong Qian
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Missouri Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angelina R Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly Trochet
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sita Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jasper Wouda
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis (OMD), Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lina Zgaga
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Debette S, Schuur M, Smith AV, Bis JC, Davies G, Trompet S, Smith JA, Wolf C, Chibnik LB, Liu Y, Vitart V, Kirin M, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Zgaga L, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hoffmann P, Karjalainen J, Lahti J, Llewellyn DJ, Schmidt CO, Mather KA, Chouraki V, Sun Q, Resnick SM, Rose LM, Oldmeadow C, Stewart M, Smith BH, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Mirza SS, Jukema JW, deJager PL, Harris TB, Liewald DC, Amin N, Coker LH, Stegle O, Lopez OL, Schmidt R, Teumer A, Ford I, Karbalai N, Becker JT, Jonsdottir MK, Au R, Fehrmann RSN, Herms S, Nalls M, Zhao W, Turner ST, Yaffe K, Lohman K, van Swieten JC, Kardia SLR, Knopman DS, Meeks WM, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Schofield PW, Tanaka T, Stott DJ, Wang J, Ridker P, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Starr JM, Hocking LJ, Armstrong NJ, McLachlan S, Shulman JM, Pilling LC, Eiriksdottir G, Scott RJ, Kochan NA, Palotie A, Hsieh YC, Eriksson JG, Penman A, Gottesman RF, Oostra BA, Yu L, DeStefano AL, Beiser A, Garcia M, Rotter JI, Nöthen MM, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Buckley BM, Wolf PA, Uitterlinden AG, Psaty BM, Grabe HJ, Bandinelli S, Chasman DI, Grodstein F, Räikkönen K, Lambert JC, Porteous DJ, Price JF, Sachdev PS, Ferrucci L, Attia JR, Rudan I, Hayward C, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Cichon S, Franke L, Schmidt H, Ding J, de Craen AJM, Fornage M, Bennett DA, Deary IJ, Ikram MA, Launer LJ, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, van Duijn CM, Mosley TH. GWAS for executive function and processing speed suggests involvement of the CADM2 gene. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:189-197. [PMID: 25869804 PMCID: PMC4722802 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of executive functioning and information processing speed in non-demented older adults from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium. Neuropsychological testing was available for 5429-32,070 subjects of European ancestry aged 45 years or older, free of dementia and clinical stroke at the time of cognitive testing from 20 cohorts in the discovery phase. We analyzed performance on the Trail Making Test parts A and B, the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and the Stroop Color and Word Test. Replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from 20 independent cohorts. A significant association was observed in the discovery cohorts for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584 (discovery P-value=3.12 × 10(-8)) and in the joint discovery and replication meta-analysis (P-value=3.28 × 10(-9) after adjustment for age, gender and education) in an intron of the gene cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) for performance on the LDST/DSST. Rs17518584 is located about 170 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the major transcript for the CADM2 gene, but is within an intron of a variant transcript that includes an alternative first exon. The variant is associated with expression of CADM2 in the cingulate cortex (P-value=4 × 10(-4)). The protein encoded by CADM2 is involved in glutamate signaling (P-value=7.22 × 10(-15)), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport (P-value=1.36 × 10(-11)) and neuron cell-cell adhesion (P-value=1.48 × 10(-13)). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CADM2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale (INSERM), U897, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bordeaux,
Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux,
France
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - M Schuur
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - AV Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - JC Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - JA Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - C Wolf
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - LB Chibnik
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split,
Croatia
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM -1), Research
Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - DJ Llewellyn
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of
Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - CO Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - KA Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Q Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SM Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on
Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LM Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Stewart
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - BH Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee,
UK
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland
| | - Q Yang
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SS Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - JW Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - PL deJager
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TB Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DC Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LH Coker
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - O Stegle
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - OL Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for biostatistics, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, UK
| | - N Karbalai
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - JT Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | | | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - RSN Fehrmann
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - ST Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal
Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology,
University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - K Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JC van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SLR Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - DS Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - WM Meeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public
Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - EG Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - PW Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, SW, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - DJ Stott
- Department of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - AJ Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - A Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - LJ Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
UK
| | - NJ Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Mathematics & Statistics and Prince of Wales
Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, The Jan and Dan
Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - LC Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter
Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - RJ Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - NA Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and
University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y-C Hsieh
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - JG Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki,
Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice,
Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - A Penman
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - RF Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - BA Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - AL DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JI Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,
USA
- Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics,
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn,
Germany
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - PE Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - RGJ Westendorp
- Leiden Academy of Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - BM Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - PA Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical
Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BM Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - HJ Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine
Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - S Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - DI Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - DJ Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of
Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - JF Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - PS Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JR Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - AF Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JF Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center
Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - L Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - AJM de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - IJ Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - MA Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LJ Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AL Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - CM van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - TH Mosley
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Abstract
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have a long evolutionary history dating back to very basal unicellular eukaryotes. Almost every vertebrate is equipped with a set of different aGPCRs. Genomic sequence data of several hundred extinct and extant species allows for reconstruction of aGPCR phylogeny in vertebrates and non-vertebrates in general but also provides a detailed view into the recent evolutionary history of human aGPCRs. Mining these sequence sources with bioinformatic tools can unveil many facets of formerly unappreciated aGPCR functions. In this review, we extracted such information from the literature and open public sources and provide insights into the history of aGPCR in humans. This includes comprehensive analyses of signatures of selection, variability of human aGPCR genes, and quantitative traits at human aGPCR loci. As indicated by a large number of genome-wide genotype-phenotype association studies, variations in aGPCR contribute to specific human phenotypes. Our survey demonstrates that aGPCRs are significantly involved in adaptation processes, phenotype variations, and diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacs
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) AdiposityDiseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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30
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Smoller JW. The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:297-319. [PMID: 26321314 PMCID: PMC4677147 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for familial/heritable factors in the etiology of a broad range of psychiatric disorders was established well before the modern era of genomic research. This review focuses on the genetic basis of three disorder categories-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and the anxiety disorders-for which environmental stressors and stress responses are understood to be central to pathogenesis. Each of these disorders aggregates in families and is moderately heritable. More recently, molecular genetic approaches, including genome-wide studies of genetic variation, have been applied to identify specific risk variants. In this review, I summarize evidence for genetic contributions to PTSD, MDD, and the anxiety disorders including genetic epidemiology, the role of common genetic variation, the role of rare and structural variation, and the role of gene-environment interaction. Available data suggest that stress-related disorders are highly complex and polygenic and, despite substantial progress in other areas of psychiatric genetics, few risk loci have been identified for these disorders. Progress in this area will likely require analysis of much larger sample sizes than have been reported to date. The phenotypic complexity and genetic overlap among these disorders present further challenges. The review concludes with a discussion of prospects for clinical translation of genetic findings and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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31
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Hess JL, Kawaguchi DM, Wagner KE, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. The influence of genes on "positive valence systems" constructs: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:92-110. [PMID: 26365619 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) proposed an approach toward the deconstruction of psychiatric nosology under the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework. The overarching goal of RDoC is to identify robust, objective measures of behavior, emotion, cognition, and other domains that are more closely related to neurobiology than are diagnoses. A preliminary framework has been constructed, which has connected molecules, genes, brain circuits, behaviors, and other elements to dimensional psychiatric constructs. Although the RDoC framework has salience in emerging studies, foundational literature that pre-dated this framework requires synthesis and translation to the evolving objectives and nomenclature of RDoC. Toward this end, we review the candidate-gene association, linkage, and genome-wide studies that have implicated a variety of loci and genetic polymorphisms in selected Positive Valence Systems (PVS) constructs. Our goal is to review supporting evidence to currently listed genes implicated in this domain and novel candidates. We systematically searched and reviewed literature based on keywords listed under the June, 2011, edition of the PVS matrix on the RDoC website (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/positive-valence-systems-workshop-proceedings.shtml), which were supplemented with de novo keywords pertinent to the scope of our review. Several candidate genes linked to the PVS framework were identified from candidate-gene association studies. We also identified novel candidates with loose association to PVS traits from genome-wide studies. There is strong evidence suggesting that PVS constructs, as currently conceptualized under the RDoC initiative, index genetically influenced traits; however, future research, including genetic epidemiological, and psychometric analyses, must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Hess
- Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Daniel M Kawaguchi
- Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Kayla E Wagner
- Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Departmentof Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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de Moor MH, van den Berg SM, Verweij KJ, Krueger RF, Luciano M, Vasquez AA, Matteson LK, Derringer J, Esko T, Amin N, Gordon SD, Hansell NK, Hart AB, Seppälä I, Huffman JE, Konte B, Lahti J, Lee M, Miller M, Nutile T, Tanaka T, Teumer A, Viktorin A, Wedenoja J, Abecasis GR, Adkins DE, Agrawal A, Allik J, Appel K, Bigdeli TB, Busonero F, Campbell H, Costa PT, Smith GD, Davies G, de Wit H, Ding J, Engelhardt BE, Eriksson JG, Fedko IO, Ferrucci L, Franke B, Giegling I, Grucza R, Hartmann AM, Heath AC, Heinonen K, Henders AK, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Janzing J, Jokela M, Karlsson R, Kemp JP, Kirkpatrick MG, Latvala A, Lehtimäki T, Liewald DC, Madden PA, Magri C, Magnusson PK, Marten J, Maschio A, Medland SE, Mihailov E, Milaneschi Y, Montgomery GW, Nauck M, Ouwens KG, Palotie A, Pettersson E, Polasek O, Qian Y, Pulkki-Råback L, Raitakari OT, Realo A, Rose RJ, Ruggiero D, Schmidt CO, Slutske WS, Sorice R, Starr JM, Pourcain BS, Sutin AR, Timpson NJ, Trochet H, Vermeulen S, Vuoksimaa E, Widen E, Wouda J, Wright MJ, Zgaga L, Scotland G, Porteous D, Minelli A, Palmer AA, Rujescu D, Ciullo M, Hayward C, Rudan I, Metspalu A, Kaprio J, Deary IJ, Räikkönen K, Wilson JF, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Bierut LJ, Hettema JM, Grabe HJ, van Duijn CM, Evans DM, Schlessinger D, Pedersen NL, Terracciano A, McGue M, Penninx BW, Martin NG, Boomsma DI. Meta-analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies for Neuroticism, and the Polygenic Association With Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:642-50. [PMID: 25993607 PMCID: PMC4667957 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neuroticism is a pervasive risk factor for psychiatric conditions. It genetically overlaps with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is therefore an important phenotype for psychiatric genetics. The Genetics of Personality Consortium has created a resource for genome-wide association analyses of personality traits in more than 63,000 participants (including MDD cases). OBJECTIVES To identify genetic variants associated with neuroticism by performing a meta-analysis of genome-wide association results based on 1000 Genomes imputation; to evaluate whether common genetic variants as assessed by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explain variation in neuroticism by estimating SNP-based heritability; and to examine whether SNPs that predict neuroticism also predict MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 30 cohorts with genome-wide genotype, personality, and MDD data from the Genetics of Personality Consortium. The study included 63,661 participants from 29 discovery cohorts and 9786 participants from a replication cohort. Participants came from Europe, the United States, or Australia. Analyses were conducted between 2012 and 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Neuroticism scores harmonized across all 29 discovery cohorts by item response theory analysis, and clinical MDD case-control status in 2 of the cohorts. RESULTS A genome-wide significant SNP was found on 3p14 in MAGI1 (rs35855737; P = 9.26 × 10-9 in the discovery meta-analysis). This association was not replicated (P = .32), but the SNP was still genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis of all 30 cohorts (P = 2.38 × 10-8). Common genetic variants explain 15% of the variance in neuroticism. Polygenic scores based on the meta-analysis of neuroticism in 27 cohorts significantly predicted neuroticism (1.09 × 10-12 < P < .05) and MDD (4.02 × 10-9 < P < .05) in the 2 other cohorts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study identifies a novel locus for neuroticism. The variant is located in a known gene that has been associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in previous studies. In addition, the study shows that neuroticism is influenced by many genetic variants of small effect that are either common or tagged by common variants. These genetic variants also influence MDD. Future studies should confirm the role of the MAGI1 locus for neuroticism and further investigate the association of MAGI1 and the polygenic association to a range of other psychiatric disorders that are phenotypically correlated with neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen H.M. de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Methods, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie M. van den Berg
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J.H. Verweij
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaime Derringer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D. Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Amy B. Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” – CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Goncalo R. Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jüri Allik
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Katja Appel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timothy B. Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Fabio Busonero
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham NC, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Richard Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Janzing
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John P. Kemp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Antti Latvala
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - David C. Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrea Maschio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaasjan G. Ouwens
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Pettersson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Yong Qian
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD USA
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Realo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” – CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Carsten O. Schmidt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendy S. Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Missouri Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” – CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh
- Geriatric Medicine Royal Victoria Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angelina R. Sutin
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly Trochet
- MRC Human Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sita Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jasper Wouda
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lina Zgaga
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Generation Scotland
- Generation Scotland, A Collaboration between the University Medical Schools and NHS, Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Medical Genetics Section, The University of Edinburgh, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” – CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M. Evans
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso” – CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim BH, Kim HN, Roh SJ, Lee MK, Yang S, Lee SK, Sung YA, Chung HW, Cho NH, Shin C, Sung J, Kim HL. GWA meta-analysis of personality in Korean cohorts. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:455-60. [PMID: 25994864 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Personality is a determinant of behavior and lifestyle that is associated with health and human diseases. Despite the heritability of personality traits is well established, the understanding of the genetic contribution to personality trait variation is extremely limited. To identify genetic variants associated with each of the five dimensions of personality, we performed a genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analysis of three cohorts, followed by comparison of a family cohort. Personality traits were measured with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for the five-factor model (FFM) of personality. We investigated the top five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each trait, and revealed the most highly association with neuroticism and TACC2 (rs1010657, P=8.79 × 10(-7)), extraversion and PTPN12 (rs12537271, P=1.47 × 10(-7)), openness and IMPAD1 (rs16921695, P=5 × 10(-8)), agreeableness and RPS29 (rs8015351, P=1.27 × 10(-6)) and conscientiousness and LMO4 (rs912765, P=2.91 × 10(-6)). It had no SNP reached the GWA study threshold (P<5 × 10(-8)). When expanded the SNPs up to top 100, the correlation of PTPRD (rs1029089) and agreeableness was confirmed in Healthy Twin cohort with other 13 SNPs. This GWA meta-analysis on FFM personality traits is meaningful as it was the first on a non-Caucasian population targeted to FFM of personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Complex Disease and Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Yang
- Complex Disease and Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Complex Disease and Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Department of Epidemiology and Institute of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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The extraversion continuum in evolutionary perspective: A review of recent theory and evidence. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Parental Support during Childhood Predicts Life History-Related Personality Variation and Social Status in Young Adults. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-015-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wray NR, Lee SH, Mehta D, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Dudbridge F, Middeldorp CM. Research review: Polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:1068-87. [PMID: 25132410 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly associated specific DNA variants has proved challenging. In the pregenomics era the genetic architecture (number, frequency and effect size of risk variants) of complex genetic disorders was unknown. Empirical evidence for the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders is emerging from the genetic studies of the last 5 years. METHODS AND SCOPE We review the methods investigating the polygenic nature of complex disorders. We provide mini-guides to genomic profile (or polygenic) risk scoring and to estimation of variance (or heritability) from common SNPs; a glossary of key terms is also provided. We review results of applications of the methods to psychiatric disorders and related traits and consider how these methods inform on missing heritability, hidden heritability and still-missing heritability. FINDINGS Genome-wide genotyping and sequencing studies are providing evidence that psychiatric disorders are truly polygenic, that is they have a genetic architecture of many genetic variants, including risk variants that are both common and rare in the population. Sample sizes published to date are mostly underpowered to detect effect sizes of the magnitude presented by nature, and these effect sizes may be constrained by the biological validity of the diagnostic constructs. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the sample size for genome wide association studies of psychiatric disorders will lead to the identification of more associated genetic variants, as already found for schizophrenia. These loci provide the starting point of functional analyses that might eventually lead to new prevention and treatment options and to improved biological validity of diagnostic constructs. Polygenic analyses will contribute further to our understanding of complex genetic traits as sample sizes increase and as sample resources become richer in phenotypic descriptors, both in terms of clinical symptoms and of nongenetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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van den Berg SM, de Moor MHM, McGue M, Pettersson E, Terracciano A, Verweij KJH, Amin N, Derringer J, Esko T, van Grootheest G, Hansell NK, Huffman J, Konte B, Lahti J, Luciano M, Matteson LK, Viktorin A, Wouda J, Agrawal A, Allik J, Bierut L, Broms U, Campbell H, Smith GD, Eriksson JG, Ferrucci L, Franke B, Fox JP, de Geus EJC, Giegling I, Gow AJ, Grucza R, Hartmann AM, Heath AC, Heikkilä K, Iacono WG, Janzing J, Jokela M, Kiemeney L, Lehtimäki T, Madden PAF, Magnusson PKE, Northstone K, Nutile T, Ouwens KG, Palotie A, Pattie A, Pesonen AK, Polasek O, Pulkkinen L, Pulkki-Råback L, Raitakari OT, Realo A, Rose RJ, Ruggiero D, Seppälä I, Slutske WS, Smyth DC, Sorice R, Starr JM, Sutin AR, Tanaka T, Verhagen J, Vermeulen S, Vuoksimaa E, Widen E, Willemsen G, Wright MJ, Zgaga L, Rujescu D, Metspalu A, Wilson JF, Ciullo M, Hayward C, Rudan I, Deary IJ, Räikkönen K, Arias Vasquez A, Costa PT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, van Duijn CM, Penninx BWJH, Krueger RF, Evans DM, Kaprio J, Pedersen NL, Martin NG, Boomsma DI. Harmonization of Neuroticism and Extraversion phenotypes across inventories and cohorts in the Genetics of Personality Consortium: an application of Item Response Theory. Behav Genet 2014; 44:295-313. [PMID: 24828478 PMCID: PMC4057636 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-014-9654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mega- or meta-analytic studies (e.g. genome-wide association studies) are increasingly used in behavior genetics. An issue in such studies is that phenotypes are often measured by different instruments across study cohorts, requiring harmonization of measures so that more powerful fixed effect meta-analyses can be employed. Within the Genetics of Personality Consortium, we demonstrate for two clinically relevant personality traits, Neuroticism and Extraversion, how Item-Response Theory (IRT) can be applied to map item data from different inventories to the same underlying constructs. Personality item data were analyzed in >160,000 individuals from 23 cohorts across Europe, USA and Australia in which Neuroticism and Extraversion were assessed by nine different personality inventories. Results showed that harmonization was very successful for most personality inventories and moderately successful for some. Neuroticism and Extraversion inventories were largely measurement invariant across cohorts, in particular when comparing cohorts from countries where the same language is spoken. The IRT-based scores for Neuroticism and Extraversion were heritable (48 and 49 %, respectively, based on a meta-analysis of six twin cohorts, total N = 29,496 and 29,501 twin pairs, respectively) with a significant part of the heritability due to non-additive genetic factors. For Extraversion, these genetic factors qualitatively differ across sexes. We showed that our IRT method can lead to a large increase in sample size and therefore statistical power. The IRT approach may be applied to any mega- or meta-analytic study in which item-based behavioral measures need to be harmonized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M van den Berg
- Department of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands,
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Disentangling the molecular genetic basis of personality: From monoamines to neuropeptides. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 43:228-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Calati R, Signorelli MS, Gressier F, Bianchini O, Porcelli S, Comings DE, Girolamo GD, Aguglia E, MacMurray J, Serretti A. Modulation of a number of genes on personality traits in a sample of healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett 2014; 566:320-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260;
| | - Jeanne M. McCaffery
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital, and Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903;
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Greenwood TA, Badner JA, Byerley W, Keck PE, McElroy SL, Remick RA, Sadovnick AD, Kelsoe JR. Heritability and linkage analysis of personality in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:748-755. [PMID: 23972719 PMCID: PMC3797235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The many attempts that have been made to identify genes for bipolar disorder (BD) have met with limited success, which may reflect an inadequacy of diagnosis as an informative and biologically relevant phenotype for genetic studies. Here we have explored aspects of personality as quantitative phenotypes for bipolar disorder through the use of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), which assesses personality in seven dimensions. Four temperament dimensions are assessed: novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (PS). Three character dimensions are also included: self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-transcendence (ST). METHODS We compared personality scores between diagnostic groups and assessed heritability in a sample of 101 families collected for genetic studies of BD. A genome-wide SNP linkage analysis was then performed in the subset of 51 families for which genetic data was available. RESULTS Significant group differences were observed between BD subjects, their first-degree relatives, and independent controls for all but RD and PS, and all but HA and RD were found to be significantly heritable in this sample. Linkage analysis of the heritable dimensions produced several suggestive linkage peaks for NS (chromosomes 7q21 and 10p15), PS (chromosomes 6q16, 12p13, and 19p13), and SD (chromosomes 4q35, 8q24, and 18q12). LIMITATIONS The relatively small size of our linkage sample likely limited our ability to reach genome-wide significance in this study. CONCLUSIONS While not genome-wide significant, these results suggest that aspects of personality may prove useful in the identification of genes underlying BD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul E. Keck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Susan L. McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH,Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH
| | | | | | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Kim HN, Roh SJ, Sung YA, Chung HW, Lee JY, Cho J, Shin H, Kim HL. Genome-wide association study of the five-factor model of personality in young Korean women. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:667-74. [PMID: 23903073 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality is a determinant of behavior and lifestyle associated with health and human diseases. Although personality is known to be a heritable trait, its polygenic nature has made the identification of genetic variants elusive. We performed a genome-wide association study on 1089 Korean women aged 18-40 years whose personality traits were measured with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory for the five-factor model of personality. To reduce environmental factors that may influence personality traits, this study was restricted to young adult women. In the discovery phase, we identified variants of PTPRD (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type D) that associated this gene with the Openness domain. Other genes that were previously reported to be associated with neurological phenotypes were also associated with personality traits. In particular, DRD1 and OR1A2 were linked to Neuroticism, NKAIN2 with Extraversion, HTR5A with Openness and DRD3 with Agreeableness. Data from our replication study of 2090 subjects confirmed the association between OR1A2 and Neuroticism. We first identified and confirmed a novel region on OR1A2 associated with Neuroticism [corrected]. Candidate genes for psychiatric disorders were also enriched. These findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic architecture of personality traits and provide critical clues to the neurobiological mechanisms that influence them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Garbarino S, Chiorri C, Magnavita N. Personality traits of the Five-Factor Model are associated with work-related stress in special force police officers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:295-306. [PMID: 23463443 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The police work is particularly stressful. The aim of this work was to clarify whether the personality factors are associated with perceived stress levels or reactivity to environmental stressors in a special body of police. METHODS The police officers in charge of guaranteeing public order at the L'Aquila G8 meeting were subjected to a control of their levels of work-related stress in anticipation of the event. Personality was assessed by the Italian version of the Five-Factor Model questionnaire, while stress was measured three times (during routine work in January 2009, preparation and imminence of the event, in April and July 2009, respectively) with the demand/control/support model of Karasek and the effort/reward imbalance model of Siegrist. A total of 289 of 294 officers took part in the survey. RESULTS Some personality traits of the Five-Factor Model were associated with stress levels and stress reactivity. Neuroticism (low emotional stability) showed the strongest associations with job strain (demand/control ratio) (β = 0.115, p < 0.05) and effort/reward imbalance (β = 0.270, p < 0.001) and was associated with most of the stress variables. High agreeableness was associated with low effort/reward imbalance (β = -0.157, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Personality factors may mitigate or increase the strain induced by environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garbarino
- State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, Rome, Italy
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